Natural Areas Inventory-1981

Natural Areas Inventory
of
Craven County, North Carolina
Charles B. McDonald
Andrew N. Ash
East Carolina University
John O. Fussell
Morehead City, N.C.
DECEMBER 1981
North Carolina
Coastal Energy Impact Program
Office of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development
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Division of Coastal Management

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Series Edited by James F. Smith
Cover Design by Jill Miller

NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF
CRAVEN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
BY
Charles B. McDonald
East Carolina University
Andrew N. Ash
East Carolina University
John 0. Fussell
Morehead City, North Carolina
The preparation of this report was financed through a Coastal
Energy Impact Program grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. This CEIP grant was part of
NOAA grant NA-80-AA-D-CZ149.
CEIP REPORT NO. 15
December 1981

PREFACE
The North Carolina Office of Coastal Management and the
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, both units of the
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development,
have commissioned a series of natural areas inventories for
ten counties in the coastal zone of this state. The Craven
County inventory was conducted in 1981 and was financed by
a Coastal Energy Impact Program (CEIP) grant. CEIP funded
the Craven County inventory because of the potential environ-
mental impacts of peat mining and other energy -related de-
velopment.
The recommendations made in this report by Dr. Charles
B. McDonald, Dr. Andrew N. Ash, and John 0. Fussell are
advisory. Their inventory and recommendations are designed
to help state and federal agencies, county officials, re-
source managers, landowners and developers work out effective
land management and preservation mechanisms to protect the
fifteen outstanding or exemplary natural areas described in
this report. Agencies such as the N.C. Division of Environ-
mental Management, Division of Land Resources, the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National
Marine Fisheries Service, and Environmental Protection Agency
should find this report useful, as may university reseachers,
private consultants, and private conservation groups. The
Office of Coastal Management will use the report in assessing
permit applications and for federal and state consistency
reviews.
McDonald, Ash, and Fussell are experienced field
biologists with familiarity with the ecological resources of
the central coastal region. Their specialties encompass both
botanical and zoological sciences. McDonald and Ash in 1980
conducted a similar CEIP survey of natural areas in Tyrrell
County, and Fussell in 1980 was co -investigator for the CEIP
survey of natural areas in Carteret County. At the time of
this inventory project, McDonald and Ash were faculty members
with the Department of Biology, East Carolina University,
and Fussell was an independent biologist. The investigators
were well qualified to identify, describe, and evaluate the
most outstanding natural areas of the county.
The project investigators were instructed to identify
natural areas that contain highly unique, endangered, or
rare natural features, or high -quality representations of
relatively undisturbed natural habitats. The perspective
taken by the investigators focused strictly on the county,
and their original ratings for described sites did not

attempt to assess the sites in comparison to other similar
habitats in the central coastal region. From the regional
perspective, the Natural Heritage Program finds that four
areas in Craven County possess ecological resources of
highest priority from a statewide perspective --Lake Ellis -
Simon, Great Lake and Great Lake Sweetgum Forest, Fort
Barnwell Bluffs, and Sheep Ridge Pocosin. The investigators
did not report on the first three of these highly significant
areas for the reason that others had previously surveyed
them identified their importance. Consequently, descriptions
for Lake Ellis -Simon, Great Lake, and Fort Barnwell Bluffs
have been added to this report.
The Office of Coastal Management, and the Coastal
Resources Commission which it serves, implement the Coastal
Area Management Act of 1974 (CAMA). Under this statute,
the North Carolina Coastal Management Plan has been pre-
pared and approved. It includes the definition and
designation of various Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC).
In some cases, AECs may coincide with natural areas that
are herein recommended for preservation or special management.
The Natural Heritage Program is most pleased to have
had this opportunity to conduct this project for the Office
of Coastal Management. The inventory has revealed a number
of natural areas that possess natural elements of statewide
priority and are important parts of North Carolina's natural
diversity. Some of the identified sites were previously
unknown and undocumented by the state's scientific community.
The Natural Heritage Program hopes that these areas will be
protected for the benefits of present and future generations
of North Carolinians and for the preservation of the state's
truly exceptional natural heritage.
Charles E. Roe, Coordinator
N.C. Natural Heritage Program
November 19, 1982

N.C. NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
RATINGS FOR CRAVEN COUNTY NATURAL AREAS
HIGH
Lake Ellis -Simon
Great Lake & Great Lake Sweetgum Forest
Fort Barnwell Bluffs
Sheep Ridge Pocosin
MEDIUM
Neuse River Floodplain and Bluff System
Dover Bay Pocosin-Carolina Bays
Creeping Swamp
Deep Gully
LOCAL (LOW)
Little Road Longleaf Woodlands and Savannahs
Flanner Beach
Reedy Branch Ponds
Brice Creek
Duck Creek Sand Ridge, Pocosin, Bay System
Gum Swamp Bottomland
Neuse River Sand Ridge

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
NATURAL AREA INVENTORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
High Priority Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Neuse River Flood Plain and Bluff System . . . . . . . . . 7
Sheep Ridge Pocosin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Dover Bay Pocosin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Creeping Swamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Little Road Longleaf•Pine Woodlands and Savannahs 132
Deep Gully Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Flanner Beach Natural Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Medium Priority Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Reedy Branch Ponds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Brice Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Duck Creek Sand Ridge, Pocosin, and Bay System . . . . . . . 239
Gum Swamp Bottomland Hardwood Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Neuse River Sand Ridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
APPENDICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Appendix I. Previous Natural Area Reports . • • • • • • • • • . . 304
Lake Ellis Simon . . . . r . . . . . . . . • . • • . . . . 305
Great Lake and Great Lake Sweetgum Forest . . . . . . . . . 330
Fort Barnwell . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Appendix II. Topographic maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

LIST OF FIGURES
Page
1.
Natural areas. Craven County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 5
2.
Access. Neuse River Flood Plain and Bluff System. . . . . . . . .
. 8
3.
Laurel oak is frequent on berms of river islands. . . . . . . . .
. 12
4.
The largest trees are often at the water's edge. . . . . . . . . .
. 12
5.
Swampy interiors of river islands contain a few large buttressed
trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 14
6.
Small channels are found within swamp forest throughout the flood
plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 14
7.
Marl outcrops occur frequently along the Neuse River. . . . . . .
. 16
8.
Asplenium heteroresiliens, a marl endemic . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 16
9.
Significant features. Neuse River Flood Plain and Bluff System. .
. 20
10.
Ownership map. Neuse River Flood Plain and Bluff System. . . . . .
. 48
11.
Access. Sheep Ridge Pocosin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 50
12.
Short pocosin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 54
13.
"Island"of higher vegetation within short pocosin. . . . . . . . .
. 54
14.
Significant features. Sheep Ridge Pocosin. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 57
15.
Access. Dover Bay Pocosin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 75
16.
The sand rim of Dover Bay Pocosin is dominated by longleaf pine
and wiregrass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 78
17.
Copses of dwarf post oak are found within the longleaf pine
community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 78
18.
Tall pocosin is present in Dover Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 80
19.
A recent fire burned much of the short pocosin in Dover Bay. . . .
. 80
20.
Extent of fire in Dover Bay Pocosin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 81
21.
Significant features. Dover Bay Pocosin. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 84
ii

Page
22.
Ownership map. Dover Bay Pocosin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106
23.
Access. Creeping Swamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
24.
Vines are a significant element of the vegetation in Creeping
Swamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
25.
Red maple root mats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
26.
The flood plain of Creeping Swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
27.
The channel of Creeping Swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
28.
Significant features. Creeping Swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116
29.
Ownership map. Creeping Swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
131
30.
Access. Little Road Longleaf Pine Woodlands and Savannahs. . . . .
133
31.
Northern most site in study area. Red -cockaded woodpeckers and
Bachman`s sparrow were found here. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
138
32.
Powerline that lies adjacent to Little Road. Many "savannah" herb
species occur here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
138
33.
Significant features. Little Road Longleaf Pine Woodlands and
Savannahs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
34.
Access. Deep Gully Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156
35.
Significant features. Deep Gully Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
160
36.
Ownership map. Deep Gully Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172
37.
Access. Flanner Beach Natural Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
174
38.
Erosion along the shoreline just northwest of Flanner Beach
Recreation Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
179
39.
Edge of Spartina cynosuroides marsh at mouth of Otter Creek. . .
179
40.
Significant features. Flanner Beach Natural Area. . . . . . . . .
. 182
41.
Access. Reedy Branch Ponds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 202
42.
Small sinkholes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 206
iii

Page
43. Best stand of Taxodium ascendens_in area. This pond covers two
acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
206
44.
Significant features. Reedy Branch Ponds. . . . . . . . . . . .
209
45.
Access. Brice Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
221
46.
Brice Creek. View from US Forest Service road at Farrior Farm boat
ramp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
224
47.
Significant features. Brice Creek (northern section). . . . . . . .
227
48.
Significant features. Brice Creek (southern section). . . . .
228
49.
Access. Duck Creek Sand Ridge, Pocosin, and Bay System. . . . .
240
50.
Longleaf pine -turkey oak community on sand ridge.
243
51.
Open savannahs grade into pocosin in small bays throughout the
area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
243
52.
Longleaf pine in its grass stage. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
245
53.
Longleaf pine in its candelabra stage. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
245
54.
Significant features. Duck Creek Sand Ridge, Pocosin, and Bay
System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
248
55.
Ownership map. Duck Creek Sand Ridge, Pocosin, and Bay System.
265
56.
Access. Gum Swamp Bottomland Hardwood Forest. . . . . . .
267
57.
Bottomland hardwood forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
270
58.
Significant features. Gum Swamp Bottomland Hardwood Forest. . .
273
59.
Access. Neuse River Sand Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
285
60.
Lichens are a common ground cover in this area. . . . .
288
61.
A longleaf pine -turkey oak community dominates the area. . . . . .
288
62.
Significant features. Neuse River Sand Ridge.
291
63.
Ownership map. Neuse River Sand Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . o o
301
IV

INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL DISCUSSION
Craven County is located in the center of North Carolina's Lower Coastal Plain.
It shares borders with Beaufort, Pitt and Lenoir Counties to the north and west,
Jones and Carteret Counties to the south, and Pamlico County to the east. Most of
the county is situated on the Talbot Terrace which is the second in the Coastal
Plain's series of marine terraces. Elevation ranges from sea level to about 50 feet
and the topography tends to be flat to gently sloping or undulating. The county en-
compasses approximately 725 square miles and is roughly divided into two sections,
a northern portion on both sides of the Neuse River northwest of New Bern and a
southern portion south of the Trent River that includes the shore of the Neuse River
estuary and the Croatan National Forest. The county has a total population of about
68,000. The two major population centers are New Bern with about 30,000 and the
Havelock -Cherry Point area with about 15,000. Most of the remaining population is
distributed in and around small towns in the northern portion of the county. These
include Vanceboro, Dover, Cove City and Fort Barnwell. The major employer is the
U.S. Marine Corp at Cherry Point while a second major employer is the Weyerhaeuser
Corporation that operates a mill near Street's Ferry approximately eight miles
northwest of New Bern. Not only is the mill a source of factory jobs but it also
stimulates a major timber industry. Most of the suitable land that is not in row
crops is being managed for some type of pine production. Longleaf pine, loblolly
pine, and pond pine are grown in the Croatan National Forest while mostly loblolly
pine is grown on various acreages in the northern part of the county. The largest
single tract is Big Pocosin which starts in Craven and extends northward into Beau-
fort County. The section in Craven County encompasses about 40 square miles and is
divided into blocks of all different ages. Big Pocosin is an excellent example of
a well managed high yield timber operation. Farming is another major form of em-
ployment in the county. Most arable land that is not used for forestry is devoted
to row crop agriculture with the greater part of this being located in the northern
portion of the county. The major crops are tobacco, soybeans, and corn. Outdoor
recreation forms a final significant industry. The tremendous acreages of pineland
and other forest provide good game habitat for hunting while the Neuse River is ideal
for all types of water sports. The river northwest of New Bern is mostly used for
fishing. Every type of fishing boat can be seen from homemade "John boats" to the
most elaborate of bass rigs. Below New Bern where the river widens into the estuary
there is much more pleasure boating. Sailboats can almost always be seen along with
other larger motorized vessels.
The overall vegetation of Craven County is fairly representative of the Lower
Coastal Plain in general. For descriptive convenience it can be divided into upland
and wetland. The upland has been greatly modified to accommodate agriculture and
forestry and actually now consists of only remnants of the former natural vegetation.
The characteristic upland plant communities are:
A) Loblolly pine forests. These are found on loamy soil of areas that were
once devoted to agriculture. The size of the trees varies with age. The
communities are similar to pine plantations except that they resulted from
natural regeneration and are not being actively managed to reduce or
eliminate the understory.
B) Pine -mixed hardwood forests. These represent a later stage of the loblolly
pine forests. Here the hardwood understory of oaks and hickorys has de-
veloped sufficiently to become a significant component of the community.

C) Upland oak -hickory forests. These represent the final stage in the se-
quence of loblolly pine succession. They are very limited. Southern red
oak tends to be a dominant oak while the hickorys are mockernut and pignut.
Tulip poplar and sweet gum are common components.
D) Slope mixed hardwood forests. These are found in creek ravines and on
north facing slopes. The indicator species is beech usually associated
with southern sugar maple, hop hornbeam, and sourwood. The herbaceous
vegetation has strong affinities with Piedmont and Mountain communities.
E) Longleaf pine -turkey oak -wire grass forests. These are found on coarse
well drained sand of relict dune ridges. The canopy is longleaf pine,
the subcanopy turkey oak and dwarf post oak, and the herb layer wire
grass. Huckleberries and bracken ferns are other common ground layer com-
ponents.
F) Longleaf pine savannas. These are found in areas similar to the preceeding
community but usually somewhat flatter. Longleaf pine forms a closed to
rather open canopy and there is no subcanopy. The herb layer contains
wire grass, huckleberries, and bracken fern.
The wetland portions of the county tend to be far less modified than the upland.
The characteristic wetland plant communities are:
A) Bottomland hardwood forests. These are usually found in the upper parts
of drainage systems where flooding is relatively brief and there is often
no standing water. The dominant trees are swamp chestnut oak, laurel oak,
water oak, swamp ash, red maple, and American elm.
B) Tupelo gum -cypress swamp forests. These are found in the flood plain of
rivers and larger creeks that drain mineral soil. Bald cypress is found
mostly along the edge of streams while almost pure stands of tupelo gum
are often found in the constantly wet backwaters. Some other frequent
trees are swamp ash, swamp hickory, overcup oak, and swamp cottonwood.
C) Black gum -cypress swamp forests. These are found in the flood plain of
rivers and creeks that drain organic or peat soils. They are similar to
the preceding community but black gum replaces tupelo gum and overcup oak
and swamp hickory are usually absent. Atlantic white cedar is sometimes
present.
D) Brackish marshes. These are found at the mouths of streams that enter
the Neuse River estuary. The dominant is giant cordgrass but sawgrass is
also quite common.
E) Short pocosins. These communities develop in response to long hydroperiods
and frequent fire in areas with organic soils. They consist of a mixture
of trees and shrubs all of relatively short stature. The tree is pond pine
which will be scattered or sometimes almost completely absent. The common
shrubs are titi, zenobia, fetterbush, lamb -kill, and leatherleaf.
F) Tall pocosins. These communities also develop on organic soils but usually
in areas with a shorter hydroperiod and less frequent fire. There is
typically a canopy of fair sized pond pines with some loblolly bays. The
shrub layer will be 10 to 15 feet high consisting of titi, male blueberry,
2

highbush blueberry, and sweet gallberry. Tall and short pocosin form
broad transition zones grading imperceptably from one to the other.
In addition to the vegetation, several interesting geomorphic features help
contribute to the county's overall landscape. One is the presence of Carolina Bays.
These unusual oval depressions are found in various parts of the county. From the
ground they are sometimes inconspicuous but they are usually obvious on aerial photo-
graphs because of their unusual shape. They range in size from a few hundred feet
across to several miles. They also differ in exact shape, depth, and presence or
absence of sand rims. No two Carolina Bays are quite alike. The lakes in the Croatan
National Forest may be Carolina Bays (this hypothesis is still somewhat uncertain)
that are filled with water but normally most Carolina Bays contain pocosin vegetation.
Castle Hayne limestone produces two other slightly unusual landscape features. This
formation underlies the surface sediments from Beaufort to Brunswick County and at
a few locations it is sufficiently close to the surface to be exposed as marl out-
crops. These are best developed along the Trent River in Craven and Jones Counties.
In some areas the subsurface stone has dissolved causing the surface soil to slump
into the cavity. These depressions are called "lime sinks". With no surface exit
for water they form small ponds during wet periods but tend to dry up when there is
no rain.
During the summer of 1981 a project directed by the North Carolina Natural
Heritage Program was undertaken to locate and describe the potential natural areas
in Craven County. Three investigators participated. They were Charles B. McDonald
and Andrew N. Ash of the Department of Biology, East Carolina University, and
John 0. Fussell of Morehead City. In order to utilize all individuals in the most
efficient manner the county was divided into two portions. McDonald and Ash formed
a team responsible for areas north of the Trent River or east of the Neuse River
while Fussell formed a team responsible for areas south of the Trent River. Fussell
was assisted by one of the other two investigators when needed. Both teams followed
the same general investigative procedures with each team being responsible for the
selection and evaluation of natural areas within their portion of the county. A
good deal of information about the county was already available from the North Caro-
lina Natural Heritage Program. Their listing of elements of natural diversity for
the county included the locations of exemplary assemblages of natural vegetation,
unusual geologic or geomorphic features, and rare or endangered organisms. With
this list plus aerial photographs and topographic maps an initial map inspection of
the county was conducted. Areas of potential interest were outlined and each area
was visited. After brief visits decisions were made to either investigate areas
further or exclude them as being "not worthy of further investigation". The areas
excluded as well as ones investigated have been outlined on. topographic maps. On
subsequent visits to selected areas, information about topography, drainage, soils,
vegetation, successional development, disturbance or modification, presence of en-
dangered organisms, present use, and use of surrounding areas was gathered. Fol-
lowing the field investigations, the soil conservation service was consulted for
detailed soils information and county tax records were inspected to determine the
names and addresses of owners.
Several notes of caution need to be included at this point. One concerns the
presence of rare or endangered organisms in locations other than those designated
as potential natural areas. The list of previous sightings supplied by the Natural
Heritage Program was sufficiently extensive to preclude the reinvestigation of all
old sites. This information was incorporated into the surveys whenever possible but
a record of the presence of an organism at a specific locality was never used as
3

the sole criterion for the selection of a potential natural area. The second point
concerns the designation of areas deemed "unworthy of further investigation". This
does not imply that such areas are devoid of natural heritage values or that they
even lack the presence of endangered organisms. In most cases it simply means that
an area has undergone considerable recent modification and no longer exists as an
undisturbed natural system. Both of the preceding statements should make individuals
aware that the designation of specific potential natural areas does not diminish the
value or possible significance of the many areas that were not chosen.
Ultimately fourteen areas were selected for detailed investigation. The cri-
teria for selection included: 1) those areas with a concentration of endangered
organisms (cluster areas); 2) those areas without recent disturbance that have de-
veloped into exemplary Coastal Plain plant communities; 3) those large isolated areas
that might be designated as wilderness or wildlife sanctuaries; 4) those areas of
suitable habitat that have high potential for harboring rare or endangered organisms;
and, 5) those areas with high scenic or aesthetic value. As measures of comparison
we used our knowledge of the Coastal Plain and our more extensive knowledge of
Craven County. Ultimately, some of the selected areas will probably be found to have
only local or regional significance while others, hopefully, will be found signifi-
cant at the state or national level. Of the fourteen areas we feel that nine should
have a high priority for preservation and further investigation while the other five
should be placed at medium priority. The areas shown in Figure 1 are located in all
parts of the county and vary from 40 to 20,963 acres.
The high priority areas and their sizes are:
Neuse River Flood Plain and Bluff System; 20,963 acres
Sheep Ridge Pocosin; 8,500 acres
Great Lake and Great .Lake Sweetgum Forest'; 3,000 acres
Lake Ellis-Simonl; 1,000 acres
Dover Bay Pocosin; 4,844 acres
Creeping Swamp; 1,738 acres
Little Road Longleaf Pine Woodlands and Savannahs; 2,000 acres
Deep Gully Creek; 73 acres
Flanner Beach Natural Area; 400 acres
The medium priority areas and their sizes are:
Reedy Branch Ponds; 720 acres
Brice Creek; 1,500 acres
Duck Creek Sand Ridge, Pocosin, and Bay System; 3,176 acres
Gum Swamp Bottomland Hardwood Forest; 40 acres
Neuse River Sand Ridge; 404 acres
'These areas are included in previous investigations and this information is
available from the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. We have outlined their
locations but thorough reports are not contained in this project. An addendum de-
scribing new animal sightings for the Great Lake and Great Lake Sweetgum Forest
area is included.
4

Of the areas just mentioned perhaps the most significant is the Neuse River
Flood Plain and Bluff System for it seems to contain the greatest concentration of
endangered organisms in the county. Its terrestrial and wetland portions seem sub-
ject to relatively little change because their only practical economic use is log-
ging. The aquatic portion, however, is much more sensitive and could change drasti-
cally due to any number of possible sources of pollution. All portions of the river
permit unrestricted wildlife movement. The river as it passes through Craven County
forms only one of the links in a system that extends from the Piedmont to the Coast.
Of almost equal importance are the several contiguous or nearly contiguous areas
in the Croatan National Forest. These include Sheep Ridge Pocosin, Great Lake and
Great Lake.Sweetgum Forest, Lake Ellis -Simon, and Little Road Longleaf Pine Wood-
lands and Savannahs. Taken together these areas provide a diversity of habitat
unexcelled in the Lower Coastal Plain. Most of the area is sufficiently remote to
be considered wilderness and even the surrounding land is mostly in timber. Since
these areas are part of a national forest, wise multiple -use planning offers good
hope that many of them can be preserved. The Dover Bay Pocosin is another out-
standing area in the northern part of the county. It is an excellent example of
large overlapping Carolina Bays and the vegetation typically associated with this
geomorphic feature.
The aim of this project was to locate, outline, and describe the areas within
Craven County that constitute the best examples of the county's natural heritage of
geology, vegetation, and wildlife. We feel that this aspect of the county's culture
needs consideration at least equaling that devoted to preserving the artistic and
historic treasures left by the county's forefathers. Unfortunately, with the grow-
ing economy of Craven County and the Coastal Plain in general it is often extremely
difficult to balance the progress of development with the need for preservation.
At least in Craven County the pressure from two aspects of development seem to out-
weigh most others. One is the ready market for timber. The location of the Weyer-
haeuser plant in the central part of the county reduces transport costs for the
immediate area and thus provides high incentive to convert even the most marginal
areas to pine production. The second pressure is far more complex for it can not
be easily attributed to a single source. This aspect is the problem of water
quality in all of the county's streams and rivers. Agriculture, industry, and
sewage treatment can all- potentially contribute harmful products and even though
a single source usually causes little change the cumulative impact from many sources
can damage streams in a practically irreversible manner.
The succeeding pages of this report contain detailed reports on the potential
natural areas in Craven County. It is our hope that these reports contain both
non -technical and technical information that facilitates the awareness and under-
standing needed to help preserve Craven County's rich natural diversity.
5

NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Neuse River Flood Plain and Bluff System
Note: This account is inclusive of the Fort Barnwell bluff natural
area (see appendix I, p. 345 for a report specific to the
Fort Barnwell site).
2. County: Craven
3. Location: From New Bern, northwest to the Craven -Lenoir Co line.
From 350845N770330W to 352030N772430W
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Ayden, N.C. 1:62,500; Vanceboro, N.C. 1:62,500
Jasper, N.C. 1:24,000; Askin, N.C. 1:24,000
5. Size: 20,963 acres
6. Elevation: 0 to 40 ft.
7. Access: by boat from Neuse River and by numerous county and private roads.
E. Names of investigators: Charles B. McDonald and Andrew N. Ash
9. Date(s) of investigation: August 10, 1981; August 16, 1981 and
September 26, 1981
10. Priority rating: High
7

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11A. Prose Description of Site:
The Neuse River bisects the northern part of Craven County.
It is a fairly typical Coastal Plain river with water that is
often slightly turbid from its drainage of agricultural land in
the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The river meanders somewhat and
several islands have been formed in the lower part of the stream.
The largest ones are Hog Island and Turkey Quarter Creek Island
with two somewhat smaller and apparently unnamed islands in be-
tween. Even with its noticeable rate of flow, there is still
some slight tidal influence well up the river to about the mouth
of Turkey Quarter Creek.
The flood plain is dominated by swamp forest. This forest
is mostly only.inches*above water level and is dominated by
tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica) with a subcanopy of swamp ash
(Fraxinus caroliniana). From the size of the trees, the presence
of tupelo gums with double and triple trunks, and the absence of
large bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) except along the water's
edge, it is evident that all of these forests have been logged at
some time in the past. In our investigation of the various river
islands we found that Turkey Quarter Creek Island had been logged
within the last 10 to 15 years and that the age of the others
was about 30 to 45 years. The rest of the swamp forest probably
has a similar logging history. In terms of wildlife habitat,
logging is quite detrimental. The oaks are the most valuable
for timber and with their acorn crops they are also the most
valuable food source for many species of wildlife. Once cut the
oaks must regenerate from seed while the tupelo gums can sprout
from their trunks causing forests that were mixed hardwoods before
logging to become forests of tupelo gum afterward. A narrow levee
has developed along much of the shore. Where present it is
usually less than 100 feet wide but it is high enough to be some-
what less flood -prone and support what if more extensive would be
called a bottomland hardwood forest. Important species on the
levees are overcup oak ( uercus lyrata), laurel oak ( uercus
laurifolia), water oak ( uercus ni ra), water hickory (Carya
aquatica), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and river birch
(Betula nigra). It is these species with an occasional bald
cypress that are comspicuous from the river often hiding the
tupelo gum forest just beyond.
Marsh has developed on part of Hog Island. Less than 400
acres overall and divided into several portions it consists of
a narrow strip that extends for about .8 mile starting at the
mouth of Swift Creek and a much larger section on the back side
of the island further downstream. It is dominated by giant
cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides) but contains other typical
species such as marshmallow (Hibiscus moscheutos), seashore
mallow (Kosteletskya virginica), and water -hemp (Amaranthus
cannabinus). Tear thumb (Polygonum arifolium) was also common
and perhaps the most noticeable of the species that we encountered
during our visit.
01

The upland adjacent to the river is physiograhpically fairly
representative of all the major rivers that run through the Coastal
Plain. On the north side is a series of low stabilized dunes with
sandy to fine sandy soil that is vegetated by a loblolly pine or
a southern red oak-mockernut hickory ( uercus falcata-Carya tomentosa)
forest. If the sand is particularly coarse a forest of longleaf pine -
turkey oak -wire grass (Pinus palustris- uercus laevis-Aristida stricta)
can develop. On the south side is a steep slope or bluff usually 30
to 50 feet high. Depending on the location of the river channel
the bluff will either directly overlook the river or grade into
swamp forest. By facing northward and being somewhat steeper than
most other areas, these slopes and bluffs support mesic vegetation
that is slightly atypical for the Coastal Plain. Indicator trees
seem to be beech (Fa us grandifolia), southern sugar maple (Acer
saccharum subsp. floridanum), hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), and
sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum). Some of the herbs include galax
(Galax aphylla), hepatica (Hepatica americana), bellwort (Uvularia
udica), begger's-ticks (Desmodium pauciflorum and D. glutinosum,
and bear's-foot (Polymnia uvedalia). The most outstanding feature
of these slopes is the presence of marl outcrops at several points.
We know of three specific sites but most likely there are others
along the section of the river from the mouth of Core Creek north-
west to the Craven -Lenoir County line. The known outcrops are lo-
cated at Biddle Landing near the site of Old Fort Barnwell, Harris
Landing near the mouth of Core Creek, and Shell Landing near the
mouth of Turkey Quarter Creek. These outcrops produce basic soils,
a condition that is very unusual for the Coastal Plain. They
also support their own endemic flora. Species that are often
found directly on the surface of the rocks or in marl rich soil
include lopseed (Phryma leptostachya), columbine (Aguilegia
canadensis), shadow -witch (Ponthieva racemosa), Godfrey's sand -
wort (Arenaria godfreyi), Tennessee bladder fern (Cystopteris x
tennesseensis), and Carolina spleenwort (Asplenium heteroresiliens).
The latter four of this list are endangered and restricted exclusively
to this particular type of habitat. We found a particularly healthy
population of Carolina spleenwort at Shell Landing. At Biddle
Landing we found a few plants of Carolina spleenwort and a healthy
population of Tennessee bladder fern. Although previously reported
from these sites we failed to find either shadow -witch or Godfrey's
sandwort.
all

Figure 3. Laurel oak is frequent on berms of river islands.
Figure 4. The largest trees are often at the water's edge.

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Figure 5. Swampy interiors of river islands contain a few large
buttressed tupelos.
Figure 6. Small channels are found within swamp forest throughout
the flood plain.

Figure 7. Marl outcrops occur frequently along the Neuse River.
Figure 8. Asplenium heteroresiliens, a marl endemic.

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11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
The Neuse River forms a corridor of relatively undisturbed
swamp forest that extends the entire length of Craven County.
In doing so it provides shelter, food, and freedom of movement
for a large variety to terrestrial wildlife. As development
pressures increase it is likely that the number of such complete
systems in North Carolina and elsewhere will continue to decrease.
The river itself is on equally significant aquatic corridor that
harbors an exceptional number of species. Those of greatest
interest include: the beaver that is extirpated and reintroduced;
the American alligator that is endangered; the Neuse River water -
dog, Atlantic sturgeon, least brook lamprey, and Carolina madtom
that are all of special concern; and, the blueback herring, ale-
wife, and American shad whose numbers are seriously depleted.
Even with some problems this list speaks fairly well for the
general "health" of the Neuse River. However, without special
interest and effort water quality could quickly decline and many
of these species might be lost. The bluffs and slopes south of
the river are especially significant for their marl outcrops.
The presence of marl at the surface is an unusual geologic
feature for the Coastal Plain and it provides habitat for several
endangered plants that are extremely site specific. Those that
have been reported or that we found on these outcrops include
shadow -witch, Godfrey's sandwort, Carolina spleenwort, and
Tennessee bladder fern.
17

12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
M.ap
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
Le end
Outstanding geologic
Large rock outcrops of Castle Hayne
Outcrops of any type are rare
geomorphic feature
CT 2
limestone
in be Coastal Plain- Thi-sp
exposures and others along the
Trent River are the best marl
outcrops in the state.
High quality wetland
Nyssa aquatics/Fraxinus caroliniana
A large contiguous stretch of
plant community_CT
1
undeveloped and relatively
undisturbed riverine wetland
Unusual species assemblage
CT 2
Piedmont -Mountain vegetation occuring
Good populations of such specie
in the Coastal Plain
as Hepatica americana, Galax
aphylla, and Sanguinaria canade
*
Calciferous species growing on marl
Plants such as Aquelegia cana-
Unusual species assemblage
CT 2
outcrops
densis and Geum canadense
a number of endangered species
Endangered species
A,B
Cystopteris x tennesseensis
Occurs only in this type of
habitat -in North C rnlins
were many robust specimens foun
at population A
Occurs only in this type of
Endangered species
C,D,E
Asplenium heteroresiliens
habitat. Populations seem
reasonably healthy and stable
Occurs only this
Endangered species
g P
F**
Arenaria odfre i
g Y
or Carolina
habitat in North Caroll
Endangered species
G**
Ponthieva racemosa
occurs in type
habitat oinyNorthhis Carolinaof
Threatened species
CT1
Buteo lineatus
Fairly common along entire
river floodplain.
*Map coordinates for known outcrops are: 351900N771945W; 351700N771700W; 351400N771200W
**Location based on listing in Heritage Program element file
sis

r
ko
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
Extirpated/Reintroduced
Species
I
Castor canadensis
Saw freshly felled sapling and
wood chips. Probably the acti-
vity of only a single individu
Y
Special concern species
J**
Necturus lewisi
This species is endemic to the
Neuse and Tar rivers
Special concern species
***
Acipenser oxyrhynchus
Status unknown
Special concern species
***
Lampetra aepyptera
Status unknown
***Based on information in Cooper, et al. 1977. Endangered and Threatened Plants and Animals of
North Carolina. Exact locality unknown.
1

Leaal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 100 %
Public %
Unknown €
14. Number of Owners: Numerous
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
Ownership was only determined for the various river islands.
See Appendix A, map and ownership list
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
Mr. E. E. Wetherington
Rt. 1, Box 170
Cove City, N.C. 28523
Mr. Wetherington owns property south of Turkey Quarter Creek Island.__
,He knows many property owners, he is familiar with logging history and
practices, and his son trapped along, that aPrtinn of the river fnr_a
number of years.
17. 'Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Although no property owners were contacted, fishermen and sportsmen
that we met on the river support conservation and this interest may
favorably influence the attitudes of individual owners.
21

18. Uses of natural area-:
The Neuse River is heavily used for sport fishing and boating.
There is also some seasonal commercial fishing. We saw buoys for
crab pots below the Street's Ferry bridge and numerous stakes for
herring nets in Turkey Quarter Creek. Some trapping is done in the
swamp forests mostly for opossum, raccoon, fox, river otter and
mink. Sport hunting for deer takes place in all swamp forest and
slope areas. There are a few homes and cottages along the shore.
The nicest homes are on the high south bluff at the mouth of
Turkey Quarter Creek while most others are somewhat ramshackle
trailers, sheds, and cabins on the sand ridges of the north side
of the river. Timber is periodically harvested from some areas.
The Weyerhaeuser Mill at Street's Ferry is a major user of water.
They take it in by a canal that starts at Cowpen Landing and they
discharge it back to the river by means of a submerged pipe
approximately .8 mile below the Street's Ferry Bridge.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 10 %
b. Agricultural land_ 0 %
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 20 $
d. developed 0 %
Cat
*
*Description of preservation status
2
10
The river itself is used by thhe general public with some
recognition of its naturalvaIues
6
90
IThe swamp forest and bluffs are not protected but some
property owners are surely aware of the natural history
value of their land.
21. Regulatory protections in force:
CAMA
22

22. Threats:
The major threat to this system is deterioration of water quality.
Non -point source pollutants such as nitrates, phosphates, herbicides,
pesticides, and silt are reaching the river as part of upstream agricul-
tural runoff. The only possible pollution from a point source within
the natural area comes from the Weyerhaeuser plant at Street's Ferry.
Habitat destruction through logging is another possible threat. Logging
removes the oak species that are replaced by tupelo gum that produce
much less desirable food. Over exploitation of wildlife for sport or
commercial purposes is a possibility. Trapping could eliminate what
must already be small populations of beaver, fox, river otter, and mink,
and the netting of herring during spawning season is undoubtedly de-
trimental. The rare plants that grow on marl outcrops are extremely
site specific and it would be easy to destroy whole populations. The
use of these outcrops as quarries does not seem likely but the possibility
cannot be ruled out.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
Good water quality must be maintained for the entire Neuse River
basin if any benefits are to be felt in the natural area. This will
require the rigorous enforcement of clean water laws for sewage treat-
ment plants and industry. It may also require some rethinking of the
cost/benefit ratio for channelization. These projects may improve up-
land drainage but at the same time they increase the amount of agricultural
pollutants that reach the main river. The preservation of all bottomland
forests should be encouraged through conservation easements, tax incentives,
land gifts, and state purchases. Public awareness of conservation values
and goals needs to be increased. Since there is a good deal of public
use of the river there should already be a favorable base for encouraging
the preservation of the forested bottomlands. Regulations covering the
netting of anadramous fishes may need to be reviewed in order to protect
the declining populations of these species.
23

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT 1
Community type: Nyssa aquatica/Fraxinus caroliniana
Community cover type: Nyssa aquatica
General habitat feature: Alluvial floodplain with occasional
narrow natural levees
Average canopy height: 65 ft.
Estimated age of canopy trees: 20-60 years depending on the site
Canopy cover: closed
Estimated size of community: 17,580 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Psammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): In swamps: Taxodium distichum, Populus
heterophylla, Acer rubrum. On levees: Quercus lyrata, Quercus
laurifolia, Carya aquatica, Ulmus americana.
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Carpinus caroliniana, Itea
virginica.
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Saururus cernuus, Osmunda regalis, Polygonum
sp., Boehmeria cylindrica, Carex sp.
24

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: A. Dorovan muck; B. Johnston; C. Muckalee
Soil classification: A. not available; B. coarse -loamy, siliceous,
acid thermic, cumulic humaquepts; C. coarse -loamy, siliceous, non-
acid thermic, typic fluvaquents
Soil association: Dorovan-Johnston
pH class: A. very strongly acid -strongly acid; B. strongly acid -
slightly acid; C. strongly acid -slightly acid
Source of information: Craven County SCS interim soil survey photos.
Phillips, J. A., et al. 1977. Soil Associations of the Coastal
Area Management Region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD,
Raleigh, N. C.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Riverine
Hydrologic subsystem: Lower perennial
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Semipermanently flooded
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: This is a poorly drained, semipermanently
flooded, lower perennial riverine system
25

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Alluvial Floodplain
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Smooth
Position: N/A
26

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT 2
Community type: Mixed hardwoods/Ostrya virginiana-Cornus florida/
mixed herbs
Community cover type: Mixed hardwoods
General habitat feature: North facing river slope with occasional
marl outcrops
Average canopy height: 70 ft. but height varies considerably with
the logging history of a specific site
Estimated age of canopy trees: 50 years but age varies considerably
with logging history. Probably no sites exceed more than about 80
years.
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 3,010 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Psammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Fa us grandifolia, Acer saccharum subsp.
floridanum, Quercus alba, Quercus austrina, Carya tomentosa
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Cornus florida, Ilex opaca,
Symplocos tinctoria
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Geum canadense, Galium circaezans, Sanicula
canadensis, Desmodium nudiflorum, D. pauciflorum, D. glutinosum,
Hexastylis arifolia, Tipularia discolor
27

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Suffolk ls, 10-30%
Soil classification: not available
Soil association: Dorovan-Johnston
pH class: probably from medium acid in most areas to mildly alkaline
where marl is exposed.
Source of information: Craven County SCS interim soil survey photos.
Phillips, J. A., et al. 1977. Soil Associations of the Coastal Area
Management Region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD, Raleigh, N.C.
Other notes: Soils on the slopes should perhaps not actually be included
in the Dorovan-Johnston association because this association primarily
describes soils of the alluvial floodplain
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Dry
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Intermittently flooded
Drainage class: Well drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: This is a well drained, intermittently flooded,
fresh water, bluff slope system.
28

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Bluff and river slope
Shelter: Partly sheltered
Aspect: Northeast
Slope Angle: Moderately steep
Profile: Slightly convex to constant
Surface patterns: Smooth but blocky where marl outcrops
Position: Entire slope
WE

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT 3
Community type: Spartina cynosuroides
Community cover type: Spartina cynosuroides
General habitat feature: Brackish marsh
Average canopy height: 8 ft.
Estimated age of canopy trees: N/A
Canopy cover: closed
Estimated size of community: 373 acres
Successional stage: climax
Sere type: Hydrosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Acer rubrum, Hibiscus moscheutos, Polygonum
arifolium, Panicum virgatum, Kosteletskya virginica, Cephalanthus
occidentalis
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): none
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): none
30

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Axis
Soil classification: not available
Soil association: Dorovan-Johnston
pH class: Slightly acid to moderately alkaline when wet. Extremely
acid when dry
Source of information: Craven County SCS interim soil survey photos.
Phillips, J. A., et al. 1977. Soil Associations of the Coastal
Area Management Region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD,
Raleigh, N.C.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Riverine
Hydrologic subsystem: Tidal
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Seasonally flooded
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: This is a poorly drained, seasonally
flooded fresh water riverine system that is under tidal influence
31

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Riverine marsh
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Smooth
Position: N/A
32

er
25. Physiographic characterization of natural area: Various aged
communities on frequently flooded alluvium, less frequently flooded
natural levees, and steep north facing slopes with occasional marl
outcrops along the floodplain of the Neuse River in the Coastal
Plain province of the Atlantic Plain.
Geological Formation: Undifferentiated deposits of the Wicomico
and Chowan Terraces overlying Castle Hayne Limestone or the PeeDee
Formation. Also, unconsolidated alluvial sediments in the flood -
plain.
Geological Formation age: Late pleistocene for alluvial sediments
Quaternary for Terraces
Eocene for Castle Hayne Limestone
Upper Cretaceous for PeeDee Formation
References Cited: Stuckey, J. L. and S. G. Conrad. 1958. Explanatory
text for geologic map of North Carolina. North Carolina Geologic
Survey Bull. 71.
33

26. Sum--aary - Endangered and threatened species
Population Map Coordinates Source of Information
A 351900N771945W McDonald and Ash, 1981 field investigations
Jones -Roe, 1981 field investigation
Name of species:
Cystopteris x tennesseensis Shaver
Species legal status and authority: Endangered disjunct, Cooper,
et. al. 1977. The N. C. Plant Protection and Conservation Act,
1979.
Number of populations on site: A. 1
Number of individuals per population: A. approximately 162;
Size or Maturity of individuals: A. many robust individuals;
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative % A. 25%.
flowering %
fruiting % A. 75%
General vigor of population: A. good
Disturbance or threats to population: A. none
Habitat characteristics:
Plant community: mixed hardwoods/ Ostrya
virginiana-Cornus florida/ mixed herbs
Topography: North facing slope with marl outcrops
Soil Series: Suffolk ls, 10-30%
Microclimate: Shaded with relatively cool summer temperatures
but periodically extremely dry
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
34

26. Suzhnary - Endangered and threatened species
Population Map Coordinates_ Source of Information
C 35190ON771945W McDonald and Ash, 9 1 Field investigations
E 351400N771200W McDonald and Ash, 1981 Field investigations
Name of species: Jones -Roe, 1981 Field investigations (both site
Asplenium heteroresiliens Wagner
Species legal status and authority: Endangered throughout. Cooper,
et al., 1977. The N. C. Plant Protection and Conservation Act, 1979.
Number of populations on site: C. 1; E. 1
Number of individuals per population: C. less than 50•.; E. approximately
150
Size or Maturity of individuals: C. moderately robust; E. moderately
robust adult individuals
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative % C. 107; E.-157
flowering %
fruiting % C. 90%; E.. 85%
General vigor of population: C. ; D. unknown; E. good
Disturbance or threats to population: C. none; E. this
population is at a boat landing and essentially part of a private
front yard and could easily be damaged:
Habitat characteristics .
Plant community: beech -laurel oak -white oak -sugar maple/ Cornus
florida/ mixed herbs
Topography: North facing slope with marl outcrops
Soil Series: Suffolk ls, 10-30%
Microclimate: generally shaded, periodically extremely dry
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY V,,RKED.
35

26. su;i6nary - Endangered and threatened species
Population Map Coordinates Source of Information
F 351900N771945W Heritage Program Element File, S. W.
Leonard, 1976. No specimens found
Name of species: during 1981 visit.
Arenaria godfreyi Shinners
Species legal status and authority: Endangered throughout, Cooper.
et al., 1977. The N. C. Plant Protection and Conservation Act,
1979.
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals: unknown
Phenology of population: unknown
Eg: vegetative %
flowering $
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: none
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: mixed hardwoods/Ostrya virginiana-Cornus florida/
mixed herbs
Topography: North facing slope with marl outcrops
Soil Series: Suffolk ls, 10-30%
Microclimate: shaded, periodically extremely dry
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY &V�RKED.
fc�:

26. SuaLaary - Endangered and threatened species
Population Map Coordinates Source of Information
G 351900N771945W Heritage Program Element File, S. W.
Leonard, 1976. No specimens found
Name of species: during 1981 visit
Ponthieva racemosa (Walter) Mohr
Species legal status and authority: Endangered peripheral
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals: unknown
Phenology of population: unknown
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: none
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: mixed hardwood/ Ostrya virginiana-Cornus
florida/mixed herbs
Topography: North facing slope with marl outcrops
Soil Series: Suffolk ls, 10-30%
Microclimate: Shaded, periodically extremely dry
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY ViRKED.
37

26. Summary - Endangered and threatened species
Population Source
CT1 McDonald and Ash, 1981 field investigations
Name of species: Buteo lineatus (Red -shouldered hawk)
Species legal status and authority: Threatened. Cooper, et al. 1977.
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: Fairly coiLunon along river.
Size or Maturity of individuals: N/A
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: Habitat attrition
Habitat characteristics
Plant community:' Nyssa'aquatica/Fraxinus caroliniana
Topography: Flat
Soil Association: Dorovan-Johnston
Microclimate: N/A
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY WiRKED.
38

26. Summary - Endangered and threatened species
Location Source
I McDonald and Ash, 1981 field investigations
Name of species: Castor canadensis (Beaver)
Species legal status and authority: Extirpated/Reintroduced.
Cooper et at., 1977.
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals: unknown
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative %
.flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown, saw freshly -felled sapling
and wood chips. Unmistakeable beaver sign.
Disturbance or threats to population: Habitat attrition, trapping
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: N ssa aquatica/Fraxinus caroliniana
Topography: Flat
Soil.Assaciation: Dorovan-Johnston
Microclimate: N/A
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
39

26. Suz6nary - Endangered and threatened species
Source: Heritage Program Element File, 1978
Name of species: Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator)
Species legal status and authority: Endangered. Cooper, et al., 1977.
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals: unknown
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: poaching
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: NNyssa aquatics/Fraxinus caroliniana
Topography: Flat
Soil Association: Dorovan-Johnston
Microclimate: aquatic
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
40

26. Suzbnary - Endangered and threatened species
Source: Heritage Program Element File, 1971.
Name of species: Necturus lewisi (Neuse River Water Dog)
Species legal status and authority: Special concern. Cooper,
et al., 1977.
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals: unknown
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative $
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: Habitat attrition, water
pollution
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: N ssa aquatica/Fraxinus caroliniana
Topography: Flat
Soil Association: Dorovan-Johnston
Microclimate: Aquatic
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED 14APS WITH POPULF►TIONS CLEARLY %VtRKED.
41

26. Suwimary - Endangered and threatened species
Source: Cooper, et al., 1977.
Name of species: Acipenser oxyrhynchus (Atlantic. sturgeon), Lampetra
acpyptera (Least brook lamprey); Noturus furiosus (Carolina mild tom)
Species legal status and authority: Special concern. Cooper, et al.,
1977.
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals: unknown
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: Habitat attrition, water
pollution
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Nyssa'aquatics/Fraxinus'caroliniana
Topography: Flat
Soil Association: Dorovan-Johnston
Microclimate: Aquatic
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY NViRKED.
42

26. Summary - Endangered and threatened species
Source: Cooper, et al., 1977.
Name of species: Alosa aestivalis (Blueback herring), Alosa
pseudoharengus (Alewife), Alosa sapidissima (American shad)
Species legal status and authority: Depleted. Cooper, et al., 1977.
Number of populations on site: unknown
Number of individuals per population: unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals: unknown
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative %
flowering
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: Habitat attrition through upstream
channelization,water pollution
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Nyssa aquatics/Fraxinus caroliniana
Topography: Flat
Soil Association: Dorovan-Johnston
Microclimate: Aquatic
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS LvITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY ^1ARKED.
43

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Numbers correspond to the community type mapped.
Trees
Acer rubrum 1,3
Acer saccharum 2
Asimina triloba 2
Betula nigra 1
Carpinus caroliniana 1,2
Carya aquatics 1,2
Carya tomentosa 1,2
Catalpa speciosa 1
Cornus amomum 1
Cornus f lorida 2
Crataegus marshallii 1
Crataegus viridis 1
Fagus grandifolia 2
Fraxinus americana 2
Fraxinus caroliniana 1
Ilex opaca 1,2
Liquidambar styraciflua 1,2
Liriodendron tulipifera 2
Morus rubra 2
Shrubs
Alnus serrulata 1
Aralia spinosa 2
Callicarpa americana 2
Cephalanthus occidentalis 3
Euonymus americanus 2
Hamamelis virginiana 2
Herbs
Agrimonia pubescens 2
Amaranthus cannabinus 3
Aneilema keisak 1
Antennaria spp. 2
Aquilegia canadensis 2
* Arenaria godfreyi 2
Arisaema triphyllum 2
Arundinaria gigantea 1
Asplenium heteroresiliens 2
Asplenium platyneuron 1,3
Aster spp. 1
Aureolaria virginica 2
Nyssa aquatica 1
Nyssa sylvatica 1
Ostrya virginiana 2
Oxydendrum arboreum 2
Persea borbonia
Platanus occidentalis 1,2
Populus heterophylla 1
Quercus alba 2
Quercus austrina 2
Quercus falcata 2
Quercus laurifolia 1
Quercus lyrata 1
Quercus phellos 2
Salix nigra 1,3
Sassafras albidum 2
Styrax grandifolia 2
Symplocos tinctoria 2
Taxodium distichum 1
Ulmus americans 1,2
Viburnum dentat um 1
Hibiscus moscheutos 3
Hypericum hypericoides 1
Ilex decidua 1
Itea virginica 1
Leucothoe racemosa 1
Rhododendron spp. 2
Bidens bipinnata 2
Bidens frondosa 1
Brachyelytrum erectum 2
Boehmeria cylindrica 1
Botrychium virginianum 2
Carex spp. 1,3
Chimaphila maculata 2
Cinna arundinacea 3
Commelina erecta 1,3
Commelina virginica 1
Cyperus spp. l
Cystopteris x tennesseensis 2
*Historical collection but not seen by authors.
44

Herbs (continued)
Desmodium glutinosum 2
Desmodium nudiflorum 2
Desmodium pauciflorum 2
Desmodium rotundifolium 2
Diodia virginica 1
Elymus virginicus 1
Eupatorium coelestinum 1
Eupatorium spp. 1
Galium circaezans 2
Geum canadense 2
Habenaria clavellata 1
Helenium autumnale 3
Hepatica americana 2
Hexastylis arifolia 2
Hypericum walteri 1
Hypoxis hirsuta var. leptocarpa 1
Impatiens capensis 3
Justicia ovata 1
Kosteletskya virginica 3
Lactuca spp. 2
Leersia virginica 1
Lobelia cardinalis 1
Lobelia puberula 2
Luzula spp. 2
Lycopus spp. 1
Mimulus alatus 1
Mitchella repens 1
Nuphar lutea 3
Onoclea sensibilis 1,3
Osmunda regalis 1,3
Oxalis dillenii 2
Vines and Lianas
Ampelopsis arborea 1
Anisostichus capreolata 1,2
Apios americana 1
Berchemia scandens 1,2
Campsis radicans 1,2
Dioscorea villosa 2
Lonicera japonica 2
Menispermum canadense 2
Mikania scandens 1
ANIMALS:
Fish
Panicum agrostoides 3
Panicum gymnocarpon 3
Panicum virgatum 3
Phryma leptostachya 2
Pluchea spp. 1
Polygonum arifolium 1,3
Polygonum punctatum 1
Polymnia uvedalia 2
Polystichum acrostichoides 2
*Ponthieva racemosa 2
Ranunculus spp. 1
Rhus radicans 1,2
Rubus spp. 1
Ruellia carolinensis 2
Sagittaria spp. 1,3
Sanguinaria canadensis 2
Saururus cernuus 3
Senecio glabellus 3
Sanicula canadensis 2
Solidago spp. 2
Spartina cynosuroides 3
Spiranthes cernua 1
Thaspium barbinode 2
Tipularia discolor 2
Uniola latifolia 1
Uniola sessilif lora 2
Uvularia pudica 2
Viola spp. 1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia 1,2
Phoradendron serotinum 1
Polypodium polypodioides 1
Smilax bona-nox 1,2
Smilax laurifolia 1
Smilax walteri 1
Tillandsia usneoides 1
Vitis aestivalis 1
Vitis rotundifolia 1,2
Least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera)
Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhyiichus)
Blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis)
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
American shad (Alosa sapidissima)
Carolina madtom (Noturus furiosus)
45

Amphibians
Neuse River water dog (Necturus lewisi)
Two -toed amphiuma (Amphiuma means)
Greater siren (Siren lacertina)
Grey tree frog (Hyla versicolor/H..chrysoscelis)
Southern Leopard frog (Rana utricularia)
Pickerel frog (Rana palustris)
Reptiles
American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentia)
Yellow bellied turtle (Chrysemys scripta scripta)
Eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys pieta picta)
Birds
Great blue heron (Ardea herodias) WR/PR
Green heron (Butorides striatus) SR*
Little blue heron (Florida caerulea) V
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) WR
Hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) WR
Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) PR*
Red -shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) PR*
Common bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) PR*
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) PR
Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) PR*
Yellow -billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) SR*
Barred owl (Stria varia) PR*
Belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) PR*
Common Flicker (Colaptes auratus) PR*
Pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) PR*
(Key)
PR -Permanent resident
SR -Summer resident
WR-Winter resident
V-Visitant
*-Breeds or probably breeds
in area
Red -bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) PR*
Yellow -bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) WR
Hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus) PR*
Downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) PR*
Eastern.wood pewee (Contopus virens)SR
Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica)- SR*
Rough -winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis) SR*
Tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor) PR*
Prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea) SR*
Red -winged blackbird (Agelaius'phoeniceus) PR*
Mammals
Opossum (Didelphis'marsupialis)
Raccoon (Procyon lotor). -
River otter'(Lutra canadensis)
Mink (Mustella vison) -
Eastern grey squirrel'(Sciurus'carolinensis)
Beaver (Castor canadensis)
Whitetailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)
46

Appendix A
OWNERSHIP INFORMATION
Neuse River Flood Plain and Bluff System
Owner
B. E. Bryan
801 Hillcrest Drive
Mt. Olive, N.C. 28365
Walter L. Thomas
Rt 1, Box 150
Cove City, N.C. 28523
Windsor Veneer Co.
P. 0. Box 605
Windsor, N.C. 27983
Ephrian A. Gaskins, Heirs
Weyerheuser Co., Inc.
P. 0. Box 787
Plymouth, N.C. 27962
Wells -Oates Lumber Co.
P. 0. Box 989
New Bern, N.C. 28560
Parcel Owned
A
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NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Sheep Ridge Pocosin
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Tract of pocosin bordered on the N and NE by US For. Ser. Rd. 121-2
(excluding longleaf pine ridges along this road) and NCSR 1100; on the W by
sylvicultural lands (ditched pocosin); and on the SW and SE by a canal (ext.
of US For. Ser. Rd. 152-A) and Great Lake. Center of area ca. 345400N770345W.
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Maysville, N.C., 1:62,500
5. Size: 8500 acres
6. Elevation: 35'-40'
7. Access: The central area of short pocosin is most easily accessible from the
end of US For. Ser. Rd. 173. Also, a deer trail from a point on US For.
Ser. Rd. 121-2 that is 1.0 mile S of NCSR 1100 is a good access point to
the short pocosin.
E. Names of investigators: John 0. Fussell III
9. Date(s) of investigation: 15,27 May; 11,18,19 June; 6,7 July; 13,27 Aug.; 1981
10. Priority rating: High
49

FAS
10. W
41 10 01---o- Figure 11.
Access. Sheep Ridge Pocosin
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11A. Prose Description of Site:
The limits of the Sheep Ridge Pocosin (ca. 8500 acres) are rather
sharply delineated by manmade boundaries (roads and canals) to the N
and W and by Great Lake and Long Lake to the SE. This natural ares is
the largest contiguous roadless tract in Craven County. Most of this
pocosin lies in Croatan National Forest.
In general, Sheep Ridge Pocosin consists of short pocosin in the
center, which grades into tall pocosin on the periphery. This tract
of land is nearly level. Most or all the pocosin is underlain by peat
of varing depth. At the SE end of US Forest Service Road 173, the
peat depth, where exposed by a canal, is about 4'.
SHORT POCOSIN
Approximately 80% of the natural area is short pocosin. For this
area, I defined short pocosin to be pocosin in which the mass of shrubs
is 4' or less high. Vegetation in this height range stands out in
aerial photographs as being light, contrasting with the higher pocosin,
which appears darker. The light color is apparently due to an abundance
of dead stems and to the light color of Carex, Woodwardia virginica and
other herbs and Sphagnum spp.
. Within the short pocosin, there is some variation in height of
vegetation and species composition. In general, Pinus serotina are
widely scattered, 5-15'high, and with an average DBH of 3". The mass
of broadleaf evergreens averages 2-3' and is dominated by Cyrilla
racemiflora and Zenobia pulverulenta or a mixture of these species
with others, especially Lyonia lucida and Ilex lg abra. Persea borbonia
is common but relatively inconspicuous, averaging half the height of
the mass of vegetation. Beneath the shrubs, Carex walteriana is common
and Sphagnum forms an almost continuous ground layer. Where the shrubs
are shortest, Andropogon virginicus, Woodwardia virginica, and Sarracenia
flava are frequent. 'Smilax'laurifolia is frequent, but not nearly as
common as in the taller pocosin. At its short extreme, the pocosin
consists of very widely scattered Pinus serotina that are about 5' tall
and a 1' tall shrub layer dominated by an almost pure growth of Cyrilla
or Cyrilla and Zenobia.
In the NE half of the short pocosin, there are numerous "ponds" -
water filled depressions about 1' deep and usually no more than 2'
across. They probably represent shallow burns in the peat during past
fires. The last major fire in the pocosin was in the mid-1950's.
Evident in aerial photographs is a curved light band, suggestive of a
bay rim, just NW of Great Lake. Field examination revealed a relatively
high density of dead stems in this band.
In June 1981, after the recent drought, the ground surface appeared
dry, but the soil was wet only 3" deep and the "ponds" were nearly full.
In late August, after the heavy rains of Tropical Storm Dennis, the
ground surface was wet with about 1" of standing water over much of the
area.
51

Within the short pocosin are "islands" of a few square feet that
have taller vegetation, up to 10-15'. These show up as dark spots in
aerial photographs. The shorter (ca. 5') "islands" usually have a
species composition similar to the surrounding short pocosin, but
with some Gordonia. The taller "islands" (to 10-15') consist pri-
marily of Gordonia. Elsewhere in the short pocosin this species
is infrequent.
The diversity of vertebrate animals is very low. The only herps
observed were pine woods treefrog and rough green snake. Where there
are large areas of only 1-2' high vegetation, the common yellowthroat
is virtually the only breeding kind,although where vegetation is
higher, there are also gray catbirds and rufous -sided towhees.
Marsh rabbits and deer were seen, as were tracks of raccoon. Black
bear scat were seen on the edge of the pocosin, and this species
probably occurs in the short pocosin.
MEDIUM POCOSIN
Medium pocosin is defined here as pocosin in which the mass of
shrubs is 4-10' high. Pinus serotina is less sparse and grows to
30'. In aerial photographs, separating medium and tall pocosin is
difficult and the boundaries between the two communities within
the area are approximate. In general, the medium pocosin for a
narrow strip between the short and tall pocosin, but there is a
large expanse in the SW corner of the natural area.
On the average, Pinus serotina forms a sparse stand; trees
are 25' with an 8" DBH. The shrub layer is ca. 4-6' and is dominated
by Cyrilla racemiflora or a mixture of species including Cyrilla,
Gordonia lasianthus, Lyonia lucida, and Zenobia pulverulerta.
Sphagnum is common as is Smilax laurifolia.
Little time was spent in this community. Vertebrate animal
life is probably intermediate between that of the short pocosin and
that of tall pocosin. Probably it is most similar to that of the
short pocosin, especially for birds.
TALL POCOSIN
Tall pocosin is defined as having some broadleaf vegetation
above 10'. Usually there is an understory layer of Gordonia lasianthus
above the mass of shrubs. The tall pocosin varies in a continuum,
increasing in height and structural diversity toward the periphery of
the natural area. An "average" area is as follows. Pinus serotina
forms a moderate stand about 40' tall. Gordonia forms an understory
layer about 20' high. Below the Gordonia trees, there is a shrub
layer, ca. 10' high, comprised mainly of Gordonia, Persea borbonia,
and Ilex coria cea. This shrub vegetation is not as dense as in the
medium pocosin. At some sites, Pinus is 50' and Gordonia is 30'.
Vertebrate animal life is much more diverse than in the short
pocosin. Four species of frogs and four species of reptiles were
observed. Birds are particularly more common; 34 species were found.
These include the endangered red -cockaded woodpecker and two warbler
species of special concern. Bear scat were found along Forest
Service Road 121-2.
52

Figure 12. Short pocosin.
Figure 13. "Island" of higher vegetation within short pocosin.

,; ?, �• — 't la

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
This 8500 acre tract is the largest roadless area in Craven County
and the second largest roadless area in Croatan National Forest. Part
of the national forest land in the natural area (5380 acres) has been
proposed for wilderness status during RARE II (USDA Forest Service
1978) .
The total pocosin acreage of the natural area is significant as
is its complete "cross-section" of short pocosin to tall pocosin.
Very significant is the size (ca. 6800 acres) and undisturbed quality
of the short pocosin. The medium and tall pocosin areas are not quite
as significant because of their smaller sizes, although both are
otherwise good examples of the community types. Both will increase
in significance as similar areas elsewhere are destroyed or altered.
The natural area has several bird species of special significance.
Two or three pairs of endangered red -cockaded woodpeckers nest ad-
jacent to the area on longleaf pine ridges along US Forest Service
Road 121-2 and these birds feed along the ecotone between the longleaf
pine ridges and the pocosin. Some birds may occasionally nest in the
pocosin in Pinus serotina, especially after fires. There are four
notable warbler species: 2 species of special concern - prothonotary
warbler and Swainson's warbler; and two species of undetermined status -
black -and -white warbler and worm -eating warbler. All four were seen in
tall pocosin along US Forest Service Road 121-2. The prothonotary
warbler was fairly common here and is probably fairly common throughout
the community type. Territorial males of Swainson's warbler (2),
worm -eating warbler (2), and black -and -white warbler (1) were found.
The first two species are probably uncommon but widespread throughout
the community type, but the black -and -white warbler is probably rare
and local.
Black bear scat were seen along Forest Service Road 121-2 and the
species certainly occurs in the natural area. The national forest
apparently has a fair population of the species. In the future, areas,
such as the Croatan, including in particular large roadless areas such
as Sheep Ridge Pocosin, will become increasingly important to the species.
Because this pocosin is relatively undisturbed, but readily access-
ible, it is potentially a good research site. This is especially true
of the short pocosin. In the summer of 1981, a graduate student from
Duke University was conducting a plant ecology project in the short
pocosin.
55

rn
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. feature
Kap
Le end
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
_
High quality wetland plant
community
CT -A
Mixed broadleaf evergreen shrubs/
Sphagnum s .
Best and largest example in
county
High quality wetland plant
community
CT-B
Pinus serotina (sparse)/mixed broadleaf
evergreen shrubs.
Medium priority. Good examples
High quality wetland plant
community
CT-C
Pinus serotina/Gordonia lasianthus/mixe
broadleaf evergreen sbrubn,
but small area. Will increase
in significance as similar area
are destroyed.
Endangered species
Red -cockaded woodpecker
Two -three pairs nest adjacent
to natural area. Feed along.
edge of natural area.
Species of special concern
Prothonotary warbler
Fairly common in CT-C
Species of special concern
A
Swainson's warbler
Uncommon in CT-C
Species of special concern
Black bear
Seems to be fairly common in
general area.
Species of undertermined
status;
B
Black -and -white warbler
Rare in CT-C
Species of undertermined
status.
C
Worm-eatin .warbler
Uncommon in CT-C

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Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 15 %
Public 85 $
Unknown
14. Number of Owners: Two
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
a) USDA, Forest Service, Croatan National Forest
b) A.W. Fuller, Jr.; P. 0. Box 1147; New Bern, N.C. 28560
(The 1392 acres in private ownership lie in an L-shaped strip
between Great Lake and Long Lake.)
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
a) Mr. Lynn Young, District Ranger; Croatan National Forest; 435
Thurman Road; New Bern, N.C. 28560
b) Lee Otte, Department of -Geology, Kent State Univ., Kent, Ohio 44242.
17. kttitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Private individual not contacted. Forest Service has considered
designating part of the area as wilderness.
58

18. Lses of natural area.:
There are almost no direct uses of Sheep Ridge Pocosin. There is
some deer hunting, although the hunters usually stay on the adjacent
roads. However, one deer stand was seen on the short pocosin. There
has been recent logging in the tall pocosin. Recent Forest Service
attempts to drain pocosin just west of the natural area appear to be
unsuccessful. The natural area has been used at least twice for
research projects.
19. Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland Rn $
b. Agricultural land %
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 20 %
d. developed %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
3
85%
6
15%
21. Regulatory protections in force:
None? Probably the area being considered for wilderness designation
would not be altered until that question is resolved.
59

22. Threats: Peat mining is an increasing threat to this and all pocosins
with economically significant quantities of peat.
Harvesting of timber in any part of the area seems unlikely
in the near future. Attempts to drain the area for sylviculture also
seem unlikely, although, in several years, that could become economi-
cally feasible.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
Considering the biological values of the area, it would be
desirable to designate it as wilderness or a natural area, if the
designation did not prevent the potential use of fire as a manage-
ment tool. The role of fire in the ecology of pocosins should be
studied and a fire management plan for the pocosin carried out.
These goals could best be carried out by the Forest Service.

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT -A
Community type: Mixed broadleaf evergreen shrubs/Sphagnum sp.
Community cover type: Mixed broadleaf evergreen shrubs.
General habitat feature: Short pocosin
Average canopy height: No canopy. Trees (Pinus serotina) are
scattered; are 5-151.
Estimated age of canopy trees: unknown
Canopy cover: N/A
Estimated size of community: Ca. 6800 acres
Successional stage: Topo-edaphic "climax"?
Sere type: Pelosere
Common tree species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Pinus serotina
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Cyrilla racemiflora, Zenobia
pulverulenta, Ilex glabra, Lyonia Lucida, Persea borbonia.
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Carex walteriana
61

24b. Soil Summary (by community type) CT -A
Soil series: Mostly Dare muck; some Croatan muck NE
Soil classification: Dare muck: Typic Medisaprist, dysic, thermic
Croatan muck: Terric Medisaprist, loamy, siliceous, dysic, thermic
Soil association:
pH class: Dare muck: extremely acid
Croatan muck: extremely acid.
Source of information: USDA. Soil and Conservation Service.
Soil Survey Report of Craven County. In -prep.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type) CT -A
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Saturated and intermittently flooded
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River, White Oak River
Hydrology characterization: A very poorly drained, saturated and
intermittently flooded, palustrine system, wetted by rains.
62

24d. Topography Summary CT -A
Landform: Central section of a broad flat upland not dissected
by streams
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0-20)
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Essentially flat. On a very small scale,
Sphagnum forms hummocks
Position: N/A
63

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT-B
Community type: Pinus serotina (sparse)/mixed broadleaf evergreen shrubs
Community cover type: Pinus serotina (sparse)
General habitat feature: Medium pocosin
Average canopy height: Ca. 25'
Estimated age of canopy trees: unknown
Canopy cover: open
Estimated size of community: Ca. 850 acres
Successional stage: Topo-edaphic "climax"?
Sere type: Pelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): none
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Gordonia lasianthus, Lyonia lucida,
Zenobia pulverulenta, Cyrilla racemiflora
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Woodwardia virginica
64

24b. Soil Summary (by community type) CT-B
Soil series: Dare muck; Croatan muck
Soil classification: Dare muck: Typic Medisaprist, dysic, thermic.
Croatan muck: Terric Medisaprist, loamy, siliceous, dysic, thermic
Soil association:
pH class: Dare muck: extremely acid
Croatan muck: extremely acid
Source of information: USDA. Soil and Conservation Service.
Soil Survey Report of Craven County. In prep.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type) CT-B
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Saturated and intermittently flooded
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River, White Oak River
Hydrology characterization: A very poorly drained, saturated and
intermittently flooded, palustrine system, wetted by rains.
65

24d. Topography Summary CT-B
Landform: In general, a circular strip between central area and
periphery of a broad flat upland
Shelter: open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0-20)
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Essentially flat
Position: N/A

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT-C
Community type: Pinus serotina/Gordonia lasianthus/mixed broadleaf
evergreen shrubs
Community cover type: Pinus serotina
General habitat feature: High pocosin
Average canopy height: 45'
Estimated age of canopy trees: unknown
Canopy cover: closed
Estimated size of community: Ca. 850 acres
Successional stage: Probably transitional but approaching topo-edaphic
"climax"
Sere type: Pelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): none
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Cyrilla racemiflora, Gordonia
lasianthus, Persea borbonia, Ilex coriacea
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Woodwardia virginica
67

24b. Soil Summary (by community type) CT-C
Soil series: Croatan muck
Soil classification: Terric Medisaprist, loamy, siliceous, dysic, thermic
Soil association:
pH class: Extremely acid
Source of information: USDA. Soil and Conservation Service. Soil
Survey Report of Craven County. in prep.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type) CT-C
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Saturated and intermittently flooded.
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A very poorly drained, saturated and
intermittently flooded, palustrine system, wetted by rains
C:f7

24d. Topography Summary CT-C
Landform:
Shelter:
On periphery of a broad flat upland; adjacent to
stream drainages
Partly sheltered
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0-20)
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns:
Position: N/A
Essentially flat
69

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area:
Topo-edaphic climax (or transitional?) Communities on broad
flat upland underlain by Pleistocene back barrier deposits in the
Embayed Section of the Coastal Plain province of the Atlantic
Plain.
Geological Formation:
Flanner Beach Formation (Beard Creek Member)
Geological Formation age: Pleistocene
References Cited• Mixon, R. B. and 0. H. Pilkey. 1976. Reconnaissance
Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal Plain Province, Cape
Lookout Area, North Carolina. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 859.
70

26. Sua6nary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Red -cockaded woodpecker
Species legal status and authority: Federal endangered species
Number of populations on site: Three on periphery
Number of individuals per population: About three
Size or Maturity of individuals: Mostly adults
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Apparently good
Disturbance or threats to population: Probably none
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Ecotone of CT-C with longleaf woodland
Topography:
Soil Series:
Microclimate:
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present:
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY WiRKED.
See report on Little Road Longleaf Pine Ridges
71

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
KEY A= Community type A
B= Community type B
C= Community type C
Trees and shrubs
Acer rubrum C
Arundinaria gigantea B,C
Cassandra calyculata A
Clethra alnifolia C
Cyrilla racemiflora A,B,C
Gaylussacia dumosa A
Gordonia lasianthus A,B,C
Ilex cassine var. myrtifolia C
I. coriacea A,B,C
I. glabra A,B,C
Kalmia angustifolia var.
caroliniana A,B,C
Lyonia ligustrina C
Herbs
Andropogen virginicus A
Carex sp. (not wAteriana A
C. walteriana A
Cuscuta sp. C
Drosera capillaris A
(seen only on trail)
Eriophorum virginicum A
Habernaria cristata A
(seen only on trail)
Osmunda cinnamomea C
Lianas
Gelsemium sempervirens C
Rhus radicans C
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Southern cricket frog
Pine woods treefrog
Reptiles
Black racer
Eastern glass lizard
L. lucida A,B,C
Magnolia virginiana A,B,C
Myrica cerifera C
M. heterophylla B,C
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora C
Persea borbonia A,B,C
Pinus serotina A,B,C
Rhododendron viscosum B,C
Sorbus arbutifolia A,B,C
Vaccinium atrococcum A,B,C
V. corymbosum C
V. crassifolium A
Zenobia pulverulenta A,B,C
0. regalis C
(local) Polygala brevifolia A
(seen only along trail)
Rhynchospora pallida A
Sarracenia flava A
S. purpurea A
S. flava X S. purpurea A
(one specimen seen on trail)
Utricularia subulata A
(seen only along trail)
Woodwardia virginica A,B,C
Xyris sp. A
(seen only along trail)
Smilax glauca C
S. laurifolia A,B,C
Southern leopard frog
Carpenter frog
Eastern kingsnake
Rough green snake
72

Birds
Key PR= Permanent resident
SR= Summer
resident
WR= Winter
resident
V= Visitant
*= Breeds
or probably
breeds in area
Turkey vulture
PR
Gray catbird
PR*
Bobwhite
PR*
American robin
WR
Mourning Dove
PR*
(August only)
Yellow -billed cuckoo
SR*
.Wood thrush
SR*
Ruby-th. hummingbird
SR*
White -eyed vireo
SR*
Common flicker
PR*
Black -and -white warbler
SR*
Pileated woodpecker
PR*
Prothonotary warbler
SR*
Red-bld. woodpecker
PR*
Swainson's warbler
SR*
Downy woodpecker
PR*
Worm -eating warbler
SR*
Red-ckd. woodpecker
PR
Pine warbler
SR*
Acadian flycatcher
SR*
Prairie warbler
SR*
Purple martin
V
Common yellowthroat
PR*
Fish crow
PR?
Yellow -breasted chat
SR*
Carolina chicladee
PR*
Hooded warbler
SR*
Tufted titmouse
PR*
Common grackle
SR*
Brown-hd. nuthatch
PR*
Brown -headed cowbird
SR?*
Carolina wren
PR*
Cardinal
PR*
Rufous -sided towhee
PR*
Mammals
Opossum (tracks seen)
Black bear (scat seen)
Raccoon
Eastern gray squirrel
Marsh rabbit
Whitetail deer
(Also bobcat are reported to be in general area; they probably
occur in the natural area.)
73

NATURhL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Dover Bay Pocosin
2. County: Craven
3. Location: The area lies north of st. rd. 1005 between Cove City and Dover.
The long axis of the bay roughly parallels the road varying about 1.5-
3.5 miles from it. 35150ON 772100W.
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Trent River, N.C.; 1:62,500
5. Size: 4,844 acres
6. Elevation: 50-60 feet
7. Access: The area may be entered by vehicle on a dirt road leading E. off of
st. rd. 1263 just N. of where it crosses Moseleys Creek, by dirt rd. lead-
ing N. off of st. rd. 1005 at a point on 1005 3.4 mi. E. of Dover, by dirt
rd. leading W. off of st. rd. 1256 at point on 1256, 2.5 mi. N. of Cove City.
E. Names of investigators: Andrew N. Ash
Charles B. McDonald
9. Date(s) of investigation: June 3, 1981
July 1, 1981
4
10. Priority rating: High
74

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11A. Prose Description of Site:
Dover Bay Pocosin is an excellent example of a double Carolina Bay
that has partially filled with peat and thus supports pocosin vegetation.
Large representative stands of tall pocosin and short pocosin cover much
of the area that is the central bay depression, while a relatively small
area is occupied by swamp forest. The sandy rim and false rim of the
bay is dominated by long leaf pine (Pinus palustris) and wire grass
(Aristida stricta). Many aspects of Dover Bay Pocosin make it almost a
textbook example of geologic features and natural vegetation types that
occur in conjunction with pocosins. The small area of swamp forest at
the southwest corner of the bay indicates that this is the lowest ter-
rain within the bay and provides the longer hydroperiod necessary for
swamp forest. While there is no open water currently, there may have
been some in the past when sedimentation and peat buildup were not as
pronounced. If the long axis of the double bay is followed to the
northeast, the water table recedes and the vegetation tufns quickly into
high pocosin and then grades into low pocosin about half way along the
axis. Peat depths in low pocosin seemed to be 18-24 inches, and this may
be representative of the entire depression.
The sandy bay rim is most pronounced along the southern, eastern,
northeastern and northwestern segments of the perimeter. The most rep-
resentative long leaf pine communities occur in the northeastern and
northwestern sectors. A false rim occurs along the southern and south-
eastern perimeter just inside the main rim. The rim systems seem to
exhibit more harmful effects from management than do the other vegetation
types. Various parts of the rim have been used or are being used as
sand quarries, hunt clubs, pig yards or timberland. The northwest section
has the most natural appearance.
Although it is certain that the vegetation types of the depression
have been managed historically for forestry, they all have a natural
appearance and in fact are representative in species composition. For
this reason, past management has had minimal impact on the natural values
of these vegetation types. In fact, the swamp forest stand has a good
number of very large tulippoplars (Liriodendron tulipifera) and red
maples (Acer rubrum).
Interestingly enough, Dover Bay Pocosin also offers insight into the
dynamic factors required to maintain pocosin systems. In February and
March, 1981, a fire burned essentially all of the interior covered by
short pocosin. In April, no shrubs or herbs were alive, and most pond
pines (Pinus serotina) were dead. However, by August, better than 80%
of the pond pines had sprouted from the bole and were producing new
branches. It is rare to find bay-pocosin systems of this size with so
many of the typical features associated with Carolina Bays. Preserva-
tion of this area would add much to the natural diversity of public
lands in eastern North Carolina.
76

Figure 16. The sand rim of Dover Bay Pocosin is dominated by
longleaf pine and wiregrass.
Figure 17. Copses of dwarf post oak are found within the
longleaf pine community.

Figure 18. Tall pocosin is present in Dover Bay.
Figure 19. A recent fire burned much of the short pocosin in
Dover Bay.

V®r

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA NORTH CAFC
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REPRESENTED BY THE
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11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
There are four major aspects to the significance of Dover Bay Pocosin
as a natural area. It is large in area, covering 4,844 acres. It is an
excellent example of a Carolina Bay and exhibits most of their geologic
characteristics. In actuality, it is two coincident bays. It provides
excellent examples of four vegetative communities intimately associated
with Carolina Bays modified by peat deposition. These communities are
swamp forest, high pocosin, low pocosin, and long -leaf pine (Pinus
palustris)- wire grass (Aristida stricta). Finally, it is the site of a
threatened peripheral plant, Psoralea lupinellus. It is remotely pos-
sible that the area would support bear (Ursus americanus) or red -cockaded
woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) though no sightings or sign resulted
from our investigations.
The area is attractive for aquisition because it would allow the
aquisition of a Carolina Bay system and pocosin land at the same time.
Since the bay is large, there is enough contiguous pocosin to give visitors
a concept of what large tracts of this community must be like (although
an acre usually gives most people more experience than they want). The
rim and interior of the system are penetrated by enough good logging
roads to make all community types accessible, but there are not so many
roads as to detract from the natural values of the area.
A very practical fact that increases the significance of the area
is that ownership of interior portions of the area is poorly documented
and is being disputed among several claimants. One of the claimants
happens to be the state of North Carolina. If much of Dover Bay Pocosin
reverts to public ownership as a result of the current law suit by the
state of North Carolina, the conversion to a natural area might be a
relatively cheap and efficient one. In our opinion, it would be an ex-
cellent candidate for a "pocosin state park" by virtue of its size,
access, representative communities, and relatively shallow depth of
peat which should allow construction of boardwalks and nature trails.
In summary, the chief significance of the area lies in its qualities
as an excellent representative example of the land -forms we call Carolina
Bays, and the occurrence of high quality communities associated with peat
deposition in Carolina Bays.
82

00
w
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Miap
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
High quality wetland
community
CT-1
Acer rubr -Well
developed swamp fnrpqt
Magnolia virginiana/Leucothoe axillaris
with many large trees . particu-
Ilex coriacea
larly Magnolia vir iniana.
g quality wetland
community
CT-2
Pinus serotina/C rilla racemiflora-L on
a Well developed tall Pocosin
bay forest type.
ligustrina/Lyonia lucida-Itea vir inica
High quality wetland
community
CT-3
Pinus serotina
Most replesentative example of
short pocosin in county. Burned
in the spring of this year by
wildfire.
Threatened species
A
Psoralea lupinellus
Only one population found.
High quality terrestrial
community
CT-4
Pinus alustris/Aristida stricta-
Best example of this tvRe in
Pteridium a uilinum
countV, excellent example of
sandy bay rim.

NORTH CARC
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA TRENT PJVFa DU'
REPRESENTEDBY THE
GEOLOGIST 20, 7r
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Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private *100 $
Public 0 %
Unknown 0 %
14. Number of owners: 12
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodians) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
See Appendix A. Ownership List and Map.
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
None.
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Not contacted, attitude unknown.
*The state of North Carolina is currently, suing several poorly documented
owners for possession of disputed land which comprises much of the area.
85

18. Uses of natural area:
The area is made up of three community types and use is different
by type. The sandy bay rim (Pinus palustris/Aristida stricta -
Pteridium aquilinum) is variously used for water fowl habitat, pig
farming or forestry. The principle historical uses of this habitat are
forestry and sand quarrying. The community types of the bay interior
(swamp forest, tall pocosin, short pocosin) are all being used for
forestry currently as they have been historically. Stumps of harvested
trees are present in all these types.
19. Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 70 %
b. Agricultural land 10 €
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 20 %
d. developed 0 %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
6
100
Current ownership debatable, see 13.
21. Regulatory protections in force:
Pnssible CAMA wetland
86

22. Threats:
The major threat to the area is its possible conversion to loblolly
pine forestry. This has been done in a large area formerly covered by pocosin
vegetation (Big Pocosin) in the northeast corner of the county. The presence
of the Weyerhaeuser plant at Streets Ferry makes it extremely likely that
such conversion will occur if the land remains in private ownership. Sig-
nificantly, ownership of the interior portions of Dover Pocosin is in dispute.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
Dover Bay Pocosin is an excellent example of a double Carolina Bay and
pocosin system. It is large and exhibits all the classical features of bays
as well as containing representative long leaf pine - wiregrass, tall pocosin,
short pocosin, and swamp forest community types. Present owners are ques-
tionable and probably not sensitive to natural values. However, the state
is suing these owners for much of the land on the basis of poorly supported
ownership claims. If the state obtains the land, its preservation would be
likely. We feel Dover Pocosin should have a high preservation priority and
that it would be an excellent area for a state park that emphasized the
natural values of Carolina Bay and Pocosin systems.
87

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary - CT-1
Community type: Acer rubrum-Liriodendron tulipifera/Magnolia virginiana/
Leucothoe axillaris-Ilex coriacea
Community cover type:Acer rubrum-Liriodendron tulipif era
General habitat feature: Wet interior depression of Carolina Bay
Average canopy height: 80 feet
Estimated age of canopy trees: 40 years average, some older
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 194 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Hydrosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Nyssa sylvatica, Magnolia virginiana
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Ilex opaca, Vaccinium arboreum
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Woodwardia areolata, Parthenocissus quinquefolia,
Rubus spp.
88

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Deloss fine sandy loam
Soil classification: Fine -loamy, mixeds thermic) typic, umbraquults
Soil association: Belhaven - Ponzer - Wasda
pH class: Strongly to very strongly acid
Source of information: Craven County SCS interim soil survey photos.
Phillips, J. A. et al. 1977. Soil Associations of the Coastal Area
Management Region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD.
Raleigh, N. C.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Intermittently flooded
Drainage class: Poorly drained to very poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A poorly drained, intermittently flooded
fresh interaqueous palustrine system occupying a Carolina Bay
depression.
M

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Carolina Bay - central depression
Shelter: Deeply sheltered
Aspect: None
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Muddy
Position: N/A

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary - CT-2
Community type: Pines serotina/Cyrilla racemiflora- Lyonia ligustrina/
Lyonia lucida - Itea *virginica.
Community cover types T inus serotina
General habitat feature: Peat -filled interior of Carolina Bay
Average canopy height: 50 feet
Estimated age of canopy trees: 40-60 years with a few greater than 80
years
Canopy cover: Open
Estimated size of community: 1,744 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Hydrosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Gordonia lasianthus, Magnolia virginiana
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant):
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): -Smilax-laurifolia
91

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Croatan muck
Soil classification: Not available
Soil association: Belhaven - Ponzer - Wasda
pH class: Strongly to very strongly acid
Source of information: Craven County soil survey photos.
Phillips, J. A. et al. 1977. Soil Associations of the Coastal Area
Management Region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD.
Raleigh, N. C.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water.regime: Intermittently/seasonally flooded
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A poorly drained, intermittently flooded,
fresh interaqueous palustrine system occupying a peat -filled Carolina
Bay depression.
92

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Carolina Bay - central depression
Shelter: Sheltered
Aspect: None
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Muddy/mucky
Position: N/A
93

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary - CT-3
Community type: Pinus serotina*
Community cover type: Pinus serotina
General habitat feature: Wet, interior depression of a Carolina Bay
Average canopy height: 25 feet
Estimated age of canopy trees: 30 years
Canopy cover: Open
Estimated size of community: 2,083 acres
Successional stage: Transient
Sere type: Hydrosere (Pyric subsere)
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): None*
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): None*
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): None*
*All other layers burned in a fire this year.
94

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Croatan muck
Soil classification: Not available
Soil association: Belhaven - Ponzer - Wasda
pH class: Strongly to very strongly acid
Source of information: Craven County Soil Survey Maps.
Phillips, J. A. et al. 1977. Soil Associations of the Coastal Area
Management Region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD.
Raleigh, N. C.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Intermittently
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A poorly drained, intermittently flooded
fresh interaqueous palustrine system occupying a Carolina Bay
depression.
95

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Carolina Bay - central depression
Shelter: Partly sheltered
Inspect: -None
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Muddy/mucky
Position: N/A
N.

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary - CT-4
Community type: Pinus palustris/Aristida stricta - Pteridium aquilinum
Community cover type:, Pinus palustris
General habitat feature: Carolina Bay - sandy rim
Average canopy height: 6G feet
Estimated age of canopy trees: 50-60 years
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 823 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Psammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant) : ­Pinus'taeda
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community.cover or
community type (but not dominant):- Sassafras alb idum.' 'Qudrcus
margaretta
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): See species list
97

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Kureb sand
Soil classification: Thermic, uncoated, spodic quartzipsamments
Soil association: Kenansville - Lakeland
pH class: Neutral to very strongly acid
Source of information: Craven County Soil Survey Maps
Phillips, J. A., et al. 1977. Soil Associations of the Coastal Area
Management Region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD.
Raleigh, N.C.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Very dry - xeric
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Temporarily saturated
Drainage class: Excessively drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: An excessively drained, temporarily
saturated, fresh, very dry - xeric terrestrial system occupying
the sandy rim of a Carolina Bay.
98

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Carolina Bay - sandy rim
Shelter: Sheltered
Aspect: None
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Sandy - hummocky
Position: N/A
99

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area:
A mature wetland from a hydrosere on peat of moderate depth con-
tained within the interior depression of a double Carolina Bay.
Geological Formation:
Pleistocene age Wicomico Terrace overlaying the Miocene Yorktown
Formation and Eocene Castle Hayne Formation. Outcrops of these
formations are frequent within the county but not on the natural
area.
Geological Formation age:
Pleistocene (1-3 mya) Wicomico Terrace
Late Miocene (15-25 mya) Yorktown Formation
Eocene (40-60 mya) Castle Hayne Formation
References Cited:
Stuckey, J. L: and S. G. Conrad. 1958. Explanatory text for geologic
map of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Conservation
and Development. Division of Mineral Resources. Bulletin No. 71.
100

26. Surimary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Psoralea lupinellus
Species legal status and authority: Threatened peripheral, Cooper 1977.
Number of populations on site: Not known
Number of individuals per population: Not known
Size or Maturity of individuals: Excellent specimens
Phenology of population: 100% flowering
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Good
Disturbance or threats to population: Habitat destruction by pig
farming or logging.
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Pinus palustris/Aristida stricta - Pteridium
aquilinum
Topography: Flat -sandy
Soil Series:
Microclimate: Dry, sandy, air -soil interface, hot in summer
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: None of interest
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY WiRKED.
101

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
(Numbers correspond to the community type mapped.)
Trees
Acer rubrum 1,2,4
Carya tomentosa 4
Diospyros virginiana 4
Gordonia lasianthus 1,2
Ilex opaca 1
Juniperus virginiana 1
Liquidambar styracif lua 1
Liriodendron tulipifera 1
Magnolia virginiana 1,2,4
Nyssa sylvatica 1,4
Persea borbonia 1,2
Pinus palustris 4
Pinus serotina 2,3
Pinus taeda 1,4
Quercus falcata 4
Quercus incana 4
Quercus laevis 4
Quercus margaretta 4
Quercus marilandica 4
Quercus nigra 4
Quercus stellata 4
Sassafras albidum 4
Sorbus arbutifolia 4
Shrubs
Aralia spinosa 1
Clethra alnifolia 2,4
Gaylussacia dumosa 4
Ilex coriacea 124
Ilex glabra 4
Itea virginica 122
Leucothoe axillaris 1
Leucothoe racemosa 1
Lyonia ligustrina 2
Lyonia lucida 1,2
Lyonia mariana 4
Myrica cerifera 4
Rhus copallina 4
Symplocos tinctoria 1,4
Vaccinium arboreum 1,2
Vaccinium crassifolium 4
Viburnum nudum 1
102

Herbs
Andropogon virginicus 4
Aristida stricta 4
Aster paternis 4
Carphephorus bellidifolius 4
Cnidoscolus stimulosus 4
Euphorbia ipecacuanhae 4
Galium spp. 4
Heterotheca spp. 4
Hypericum gentianoides 4
Lespedeza spp. 4
Mitchella repens 1
Osmunda cinnamomea 1
Panicum spp. 4
Phytolacca americana 1
Polypodium polypodiodes 1
Polypremum procumbens 4
Psoralea lupinellus 4
Pteridium aquilinum 2,3,4
Rubus spp. 1,4
Tragia urens 4
Woodwardia areolata 1
Woodwardia virginica 1,2,3
Yucca filamentosa 4
Lianas and Vines
Anisostichus capreolata 1
Berchemia scandens 1
Decumaria Barbara 1
Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4
Parthenocissus quinquefolia 1
Rhus toxicodendron 1
Smilax bona-nox 1,4
Smilax laurifolia 1,2
Vitis rotundifolia 1
Whfivr WW
Reptiles
Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentia)
Six -lined racerunner (Cuemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus)
Southeastern five -lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus)
Birds
Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)
Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) PR*
(Key)
PR* PR -Permanent resident
PR* SR -Summer resident
WR-Winter resident
V-Visitant
*Breeds or probably
breeds in area
103

Red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) PR
Common flicker (Colaptes auratus) PR*
Downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) PR*
Great crested flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) SR*
Eastern wood pewee (Contopus vixens) SR*
American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) PR*
Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis) PR*
Hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina) SR*
Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) PR*
Summer tanager (Piranga rubra) SR*
Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) PR*
Indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) SR*
Mammals
Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus)
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris)
Whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
104

Appendix A
Owner
OWNERSHIP INFORMATION
Dover Bay Pocosin
Edith S. Hodges
Route 1, Box 125
Dover, North Carolina 28526
Wilson Hodges and wife
Route 1, Box 27
Dover, North Carolina 28526
Gladys H. West and husband
Route 1, Box 13
Dover, North Carolina 28526
Weyerhaeuser Company, Inc.
P. 0. Box 787
Plymouth, North Carolina 27962
Hoerner Waldorf Company
P. 0. Box 580
Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina 27870
Betty R. Wall Hazelwood
Box 1-H
New Kent, Virginia 23124
Larry T. Heath
Route 1, Box 234E
Dover, North Carolina 28526
Thomas J. White, Ned T. Grady, F. E. Wallace,
and Margurette Whitfield
1709 Cambridge Drive
Kinston, North Carolina 28501
Raymond M. Wood
Route 1, Box 245
Cove City, North Carolina 28523
Earle D. Heath, Dickerson, and Curtis
1743 Oasis Avenue
Deltona, Florida 23763
D. E. Mitchell, Jr.
P. 0. Box 12
Cove City, North Carolina 28523
Bernice D. Bryan and Earle G. Mitchell
Route 1, Box 282
Cove City, North Carolina 28523
Parcel(s) Owned
1
2
4
G1
0
VA
N
W
11
12
105

NORTH G,RO
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA TRENT RIVER. OU2
REPRESENTED BY THE
GEOLOGIST zo' - _M
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v C R

NATURtiL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Creeping Swamp
2. County: Craven, Pitt, and Beaufort
3. Location: From Vanceboro proceed NW on NC 43 for approximately 7 mi.
Creeping Swamp Creek is crossed at this point which is also the Craven -
Pitt County line. The creek forms the county line for approximately 2
miles and then extends another 3 mi. due north. 352400N771200W
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Vanceboro, N.C., 1:62,500
5. Size: 1738 acres
6. Elevation: 20 to 40 ft.
7. Access: by car from NC 43, NC 102, and several logging roads
E. Names of investigators: Charles B. McDonald and Andrew N. Ash
9. Date(s) of investigation: July 23, 1981
10. Priority rating: High
107

Figure 23.
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11A. Prose Description of Site:
Creeping Swamp is one of the many secondary creeks in the coastal
plain of North Carolina that form the initial drainage for upland forests
and fields. In this instance Creeping Swamp flows into Clayroot Swamp
which flows into Swift Creek which ultimately flows into the Neuse River.
Since Creeping Swamp is one of the initial streams of its drainage
system, it is not very large and during dry summer months the flow is
reduced to a trickle. During the late winter and spring however, high
volumes of run-off overflow the small channel and cover the entire
floodplain.
Although the soil is saturated much of the time, the periods of
dryness are somewhat.longer than for most larger streams. For this
reason a forest develops that is dominated by species other than gum
or cypress. The canopy dominants for Creeping Swamp are various oaks
which include swamp chestnut oak ( uercus michauxii), water oak
( uercus nigra), laurel oak ( uercus laurifolia, and willow oak
( uercus phellos). Also frequent are swamp ash (Fraxinus caroliniana)
and American elm (Ulmus americana). At the downstream end of the
creek tupelo (Nyssa aquatiand bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)
are relatively frequent but they never attain dominance equal to that
along larger streams. The trees form a closed canopy and most of the
trees are fairly mature with heights varying from 70 to 110 feet.
Most trees are about 75 to 80 years old but a few are much older
(one swamp chestnut oak had 162 rings). In this habitat, size is not
necessarily a good indicator of age because growth, particularly for
the oaks, is extremely slow.
Due to the combination of dense shade and frequent flooding,
the shrub and herb layers are fairly sparse. It is interesting that
many of the shrub species, although minor components in this community,
are often dominants when found in pocosins. Some of these are titi
(Cyrilla racemiflora), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), redbay
(Persea borbonea), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), red chokeberry
(Sorbus arbutifolia) and male blueberry (Lyonia ligustrina). Vines
or llianas are a well developed component of this community. Some
are quite large and most of the species that might be expected to
occur are present. These include poison ivy (Rhus radicans), rattan
vine (Berchemia scandens), grapes (Vitas spp), greenbriers (Smilax
spp), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), trumpet vine
(Campsis radicans), crossvine (Anisostichus capreolata), and climbing
hydrangea (Decumaria barbara).
Although the creek is small, its channel makes numerous turns
as it runs over roots and fallen logs. This produces numerous pools
and other hiding places that are present even during the driest
periods. In addition, the shade of the canopy trees helps keep
summertime water temperatures relatively low and constant.
109

Figure 24. Vines are a significant element of the vegetation
in Creeping Swamp.
Figure 25. Red maple root mat.

lw
2A,

Figure 26. The flood plain of Creeping Swamp.
Figure 27. The channel of Creeping Swamp.

:777

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
Creeks the size of Creeping Swamp may be numerous in the Coastal
Plain but very few such streams exist without alteration. Most have
been channelized, a process that has drastic effects, especially on
aquatic organisms. Channelization opens the canopy producing warmer and
more widely fluctuating water temperatures, it removes pools and other
hiding places, and it reduces the amount and duration of spring flooding.
All of these factors are detrimental to those aquatic organisms adapted
to the conditions of unaltered streams. Good examples of affected
organisms are provided by several species of anadramous fishes that
were once abundant but are now considered to be seriously depleted.
These species, the blueback herring, alewife, and American shad
(Alosa aestivalis, A. pseudoharengus, and A. sapidissima) all migrate
into small streams to spawn during the early spring when the water is
high. Young fish feed in the high water that spreads over the
floodplain and when the water recedes many stay in the streams
relying on small pools and eddies for shelter. A major reason for the
depletion of these species is the channelization of so many streams.
Creeping swamp in its present state would serve as a nursery area
for these species if adequate access were provided. At present,
channelized portions of Swift Creek make such access impossible.
Unaltered streams are also known to have beneficial powers of
water purification. If water percolates slowly through a swamp forest,
silt will settle out and nutrients, pesticides, and herbicides will
be removed by soil micro-organisms. Much of our present understanding
of these effects was learned or verified through research that was
conducted in the Creeping Swamp watershed. This information is now
available in several reports published by the Water Resources
Research Institute of the University of North Carolina. The preservation
of Creeping Swamp is critical not just because of its natural values
but because it is a system from which so much ecological data has been
gathered.
114

r
o,
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
reap
Leg end
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
High quality wetland plant
coumunity
Mixed bottomland hardwoods/Carpinus
caroliniana-Ilex o ac
Tree age and canopy diversity
areolata-Saururus cernuus
has had little disturbance for
at least 80 years.
Outstanding aquatic
feature
A natural (unchannelized) secondary
creek and flondplain
Most creeks of comparable size
in the No -kb Caroling Caa&taI_
Plain have been channelized to
Threatened species
Buteo lineatus (Red -shouldered hawk)
ro ably fairly commo
One seen; Permanent resident
Special concern species
A
Noturus furiosus (Carolina mantom)
Several collected in spring of1980
Special concern species
*
Necturus lewisi (Neuse River waterdog)
This species is endemic to the
N euse and Tar rivers,
* Based on information in Cooper et al. 1977. Endangered and threatened plants and animals of North Carolina.
Exact locality unknown.

Figure 28.
- Significant features. Creeping
rr Swamp.
0
7�T
47
Ic x o c �`••
47
j j
50
N
-�
• � ' � Co.
it
E•
S
i POP
U' ��

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 100 €
Public %
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: more than 18
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
See Appendix A Map and Ownership List
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
17. Nttitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown
117

18. Uses of natural area: There is some hunting but apparently none by
organized hunting clubs. Most importantly, this creek has been
the site for intensive scientific investigations on the water
flow, nutrient dynamics, fish nursery potential, etc. of non-
channelized Coastal Plain streams.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 15 %
b. Agricultural land 50
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 35 $
d. developed 0 %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
6
100
21. Regulatory protections in force:
CAMA
118

22. Threats: Sections of the swamp may be logged by local land owners, but
since there are many owners it is doubtful that any large sections will
be destroyed. Almost all other streams of this size in the lower
Coastal Plain have been channelized. Creeping Swamp because of its
high value for ecological research has thus far been left in its
natural state. Several years of high rainfall and flooding, however,
would create new demands to channelize this stream immediately or at
least include it in the areas next drainage improvement project.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation: No special management is
needed to maintain this area as an excellent example of this type of
Coastal Plain ecosystem. Any modification (channelization) will
destroy the systems greatest natural values and it may require
special regulatory effort to prevent this.
119

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. vegetation - Biotic Community Summary
Community type: Mixed bottomland hardwoods/ Carpinus caroliniana -
Ilex opaca/Woodwardia areolata - Saururus cernuus
Community cover type: Mixed bottomland hardwoods
General habitat feature: Alluvial Floodplain
Average canopy height: 95 ft
Estimated age of canopy trees: Most 75-80 years but a few 150 +
years old.
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 1738 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Pelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Quercus michauxii, Fraxinus caroliniana, Acer
rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, N ssa sylvatica var.biflora, Nyssa
aquatica, Taxodium distichum, Quercus laurifolia, Ulmus americans
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Itea virginica, Cyrilla racemiflora
Leucothoe racemosa, Leucothoe axillaris, Clethra alnifolia
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Carex sp., Osmunda regalis, Arundinaria gigantea
Viola sp., Mitchella repens
120

24b. Soil Summary- (by community type)
Soil series: Byars
Soil classification: Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic umbric pale -
aquults
Soil association: Bibb -Portsmouth
pH class: Very strongly acid to extremely acid
Source of information: Soil Conservation Service. 1974. Soil survey,
Pitt County, North Carolina. U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Seasonally flooded
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: This is a poorly drained, seasonally
flooded, fresh water, palustrine stream system.
121

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: creek alluvial floodplain
Shelter: open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: nearly level
Profile: flat
Surface patterns: smooth
Position: N/A
122

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area: This is a climax
community of a pelosere on the alluvial floodplain of an unchannel-
ized secondary creek in the Neuse River drainage of the Coastal Plain
Province of the Atlantic Plain.
Geological Formation: Talbot Terrace
Geological Formation age: Quaternary
References Cited: Stucky, J. L. and S. G. Conrad. 1958. Explanatory
text for geologic map of North Carolina. North Carolina Geologic
Survey Bull. 71.
123

26. Summary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Buteo lineatus (Red -shouldered hawk)
Species legal status and authority: Threatened. Cooper, J. E., et al. 1977.
Number of populations on site: One
Number of individuals per population: Unknown but probably fairly common.
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adult
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative %
flowering
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Not known
Disturbance or threats to population: Elimination of habitat
Habitat characteristics
Plant community:Mixed bottomland hardwoods/Carpinus caroliniana-
Ilex opaca/Woodwardia areolata-Saururus cernuus
Topography: Creek alluvial floodplain
Soil Series: Byars
Microclimate:
Drainage basin:Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present:See master species list.
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY %V�RKrD.
124

26. Suz6mary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Noturus furiosus (Carolina madtom)
Species legal status and authority: Special concern species. Cooper, J. E.,
et al. 1977.
Number of populations on site: one
Number of individuals per population: not known
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adults
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative $
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Good
Disturbance or threats to population: channelization, logging, water
pollution
Habitat characteristics
Plant community:Mixed bottomland hardwoods/Carpinus caroliniana-
Ilex opaca/Woodwardia areolata-Saururus cernuus
Topography: Creek alluvial floodplain
Soil Series: Byars
Microclimate:Aquatic
Drainage basin:Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list.
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
125

26. Suzimary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Necturus lewisi (Neuse River waterdog)
Species legal status and author itY:Special concern species. Cooper, J. E.,
et al. 1977.
Number of populations on site: Unknown
Number of individuals per population: Unknown
Size or Maturity of individuals:Unknown
Phenology of population: N/A
Eg: vegetative %
flowering €
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: Channelization or other
alteration of drainage, water pollution
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Mixed bottomland hardwoods /Carp inus caroliniana-
Ilex opaca/Woodwardia areolata-Saururus cernuus
Topography: Creek alluvial floodplain
Soil Series: Byars
Microclimate: Aquatic
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present:See master species list.
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MftRKED.
126

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Trees
Acer rubrum
N. sylvatica var. biflora
Carpinus caroliniana
Pinus taeda
Carya cordiformis
Quercus laurifolia
Crataegus sp.
Q. michauxii
Crataegus marshallii
Q. nigra
Fraxinus caroliniana
Q. phellos
Ilex opaca
Taxodium distichum
Liquidambar styraciflua
U1mus americana
Liriodendron tulipifera
Viburnum dentatum
Magnolia virginiana
V. nudum
Nyssa aquatica
V. prunifolium
Shrubs
Alnus serrulata Leocothoe axillaris
Clethra alnifolia L. racemosa
Cyrilla racemiflora Lyonia ligustrina
Euonymus americanus Persea borbonea
Itea virginica Sorbus arbutifolia
Herbs
Arundinaria gigantea
0. regalis
Athyrium asplenioides
Panicum sp.
Boehmeria cylindrica
Phytolacca americana
Botrychium biternatum
Polygonum hydropiperoides
Callitriche heterophylla
Rubus sp.
Carex sp.
Saururus cernuus
Hydrocotyle sp.
Uniola laxa
Hypericum hypericoides
Viola sp.
Mitchella repens
Woodwardia areolata
Osmunda cinnamomea
Llianas
Anisostichus capreolata Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Berchemia scandens Rhus radicans
Campsis radicans Smilax bona-nox
Decumaria barbara S. laurifolia
Dioscorea villosa Vitis rotundifolia
ANIMALS:
Fish*
Bowfin (Amia calva)
Redfin pickere 1 (Esox americanus)
Carolina madtom (Noturus furiosus)
127

Fish (continued)*
American eel (Anguilla rostrata)
Pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus)
Mud sunfish (Acantharchus pomotis)
Flier (Centrarchus macropterus)
Warmouth (Chaenobryttus gulosus)
Pumpkin seed (Lepomis gibbosus)
Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Amphibians
Neuse River waterdog (Necturus lewisi)
Two -toed amphiuma (Amphiuma means)
Greater siren (Siren lacertina)
Southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia)
Pickerel frog (Rana palustris)
Reptiles
Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentia)
Yellow -bellied water snake (Natrix erythrogaster flavigaster)
Rough green snake (Opheodrys aestivus)
Eastern cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus)
Birds (Key)
Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) PR* PR -Permanent resident
Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) PR* SR -Summer resident
Red -shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) PR* WR-Winter resident
Barred owl, (Strix varia) PR* V-Visitant
Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) PR* *-Breeds or probably breeds in ar
Common flicker (Colaptes auratus) PR*
Red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocepholus) PR
Blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) PR*
Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) PR*
Wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) SR*
White -eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) SR*
Prothontary warbler (Protonotaria citrea) SR*
Louisiana waterthrush (Seiurus motacilla) SR*
Rufous -sided towhee (Pip ilo erythrophthalmus) PR*
Mammals
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris)
Whitetail dear (Odocoileus virginianus)
*Extensive lists of fish may be obtained from Charles W. O'Rear,
Department of Biology, or Robert P. Sniffin, ICMR; East Carolina
University, Greenville, N. C.
128

Appendix A.
Ownership Information
Creeping Swamp
Owner Parcel(s) owned
R. E. and D. James
A
Rt. 1, Box 123
Vanceboro, N. C. 28586
Mrs. D. W. Branch
B
1812 Rosewood Drive
Greenville, N. C. 27834
Marvin E. Lilly
C
Rt. 2, Box 255
Vanceboro, N. C. 28586
Emma J. Wood, Heirs
D
c/o Grace Wood Cox, agent
Rt. 2, Box 621
Ayden, N. C. 28513
Heber J. Cox
E
Rt. 1, Box 199
Vanceboro, N. C. 28586
Mamie M. Dews, et al
F
Kenneth K. Dews, agent
P. 0. Box 3
Winterville, N. C. 28590
Bruce E. Garris
G
Rt. 1, Box 304
Grifton, N. C. 28530
Floyd G. Lancaster
I
Rt. 1, Box 173
Vanceboro, N. C. 28586
L. E. and R. Tipton
J
234 Greenville Blvd.
Greenville, N. C. 27834
Weyerhauser Co.
K
N. C. Division
Plymouth, N. C. 27962
U. S. Steel and Carneigie Pen. Fund.
L,T
c/o Federal Paper Board Co., Inc.
P. 0. Box 338
Bolton, N. C. 28423
129

Appendix A. (continued)
Owner Parcel(s) owned
Roy Lee Dixon, Heirs M
101 E. Lakeview Terrace Apts.
Greenville, N. C. 27834
David A. Evans, Sr. N,P,Q,R
407 Rutledge Road
Greenville, N. C. 27834
Robert N. Johnson, Jr. 0
P. 0. Box 187
Ayden, N. C. 28513
Jesse R. Boyd S
Rt. 1, Box 481
Chocowinity, N. C. 27817
Harold L. Boyd X
Rt. 1, Box 479
Chocowinity, N. C. 27817
Rufus Cox, Heirs U
Rt. 2, Box 180
Grimesland, N. C. 27837
Myrtle C. Boyd V
Rt. 1, Box 492
Chocowinity, N. C. 27817
Unknown H,W
130

Appendix A.
• Fig. 29. Ownership map.•. c� \
Creeping Swamp. ,;�1'
•( � it 1 �� � .. \ •.I 5.Z'r•
.......
• 4G 'J. \ Q /tom � •.•.
TRAMROAO I �
5F>� C
cok
50 rQ
i
X till*
U
w 1' ?7'•
44
47It
I �)
3 / o 32
• • _`_ r ,. •RIDDLE BR/OGf. q', h
i

NATURAL AP.EA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Little Road Longleaf Pine Woodlands and Savannahs.
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Area of longleaf pine woodlands and savannahs along Little Road
(US For. Ser. Rd. 121-2) from S. end of the rd. N. to withon 0.6 mi. of NCSR
1101. Center of area is ca. 345730N 770220W.
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Maysville, N.C., 1:62,500; New Bern. N.C.,
1:24,000.
5. Size: 200 acres
6. Elevation: 28-35 feet
7. Access: Easily accessible from Forest Service Road 121-2.
E. Names of investigators: John 0. Fussell, III and Charles McDonald.
9. Date(s) of investigation: May 15, 27; June 3, 10, 11, 18, 19; July 7;
Aug. 28, 1981.
10. Priority rating: High
132

i'*
I
C
I
�
NFfy
LtS. Forest
ArVi C e
RA. vm-x
ti
O V
sPAS ro,p,o Figure 30.
Access. Little Road Longleaf Pine,
Woodlands and Savannahs.
tiF
GSF
R�NF
C.10
P,pypsTgTj s.
O 0,,1�N

11A. Prose Description of Site: The area included in this survey is the long-
leaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands and savannahs along Forest Service
Road 121-2 (Little Road) in the Croatan National Forest. These occur on
low, poorly -defined and isolated sand "ridges" that appear to be only a
foot or two higher than surrounding lands. These isolated ridges lie
in a line along Little Road and mark the northeast boundary of vast
pocosin lands. Together, these ridges possibly represent a former shore-
line.
The present area of longleaf pine woodlands/savannahs is probably
less than a third of what it once was. The road and an adjacent power -
line occupy some of what was once this community.- More important, until
about 1970, a large area was being clearcut and converted to loblolly
pine (Pinus taeda) plantations. The remaining areas are not exemplary
as a plant community but contain a moderate number of "savannah species",
including a notable population of red -cockaded woodpeckers.
Pinus palustris is virtually the only tree in the woodlands; there
are a few Pinus serotina. Several hardwood tree species occur as low
"shrubs", because of fire management. Pinus palustris grows in sparse
to moderate stands. The average canopy height of most sites is 50 feet;
average DBH of canopy trees is 121nches. The average age at most sites
is probably about 50 years. Red -cockaded woodpecker cavity trees are
an indicator of sites with older trees. An 18 inch DBH pine, next to a
tree of similar size with a woodpecker cavity, was cored and found to
be 85 years old.
Understory and tall shrub layers are absent. There is a dense
foot high growth of a mixture of shrub and herb species. In general,
no species dominate. There is some slight variation from site to site,
but generally common are Pteridium aquilinum, Aristida stricta, very
short Arundinaria gigantea, Ilex lg abra, and Vaccinium tenellum.
This plant community occurs in small units surrounded by other
communities, especially pocosin, and the master species animal lists
reflect this. They are actually a combination of Pinus palustris wood-
land and pocosin species. After a very heavy thunderstorm on the
evening of 18 June, 10 species of amphibians (see master lists) were
common. The only reptile that was frequently encountered was the six -
lined racerunner. Birds were common, but seemed virtually absent after
9 a.m. Common species that were particularly representative of the
woodlands/savannahs were eastern kingbird, great crested flycatcher,
eastern woodpewee, brown -headed nuthatch, eastern bluebird, and pine
warbler. There were at least seven pairs and/or family groups of red -
cockaded woodpeckers along Little Road, and their calls were evident
along most of the road in the early mornings. Common yellowthroats
and rufous -sided towhees were al'so common, but occurred along the
border of the woodlands and pocosin.
Parallel to most of Little Road is a 100-150 foot wide powerline
right-of-way. Shallow ditches also lie along much of the road. Herb
species found along the right-of-way and along the ditches were included
in the master lists, because it was felt that they include species that
134

Prose Description of Site:
page Z cont.
would occur naturally along the
if fire were more frequent. The
number of "savannah species". I
because of the previous drought.
pletely dry much of the summer.
areas were wet and there was an
clearing contributes to the oper
savannahs, which is important tc
Bachman's sparrow.
woodland and savannah/pocosin ecotones
powerline right-of-way had a moderate
t had relatively few in early summer
Many normally moist sites were com-
After the heavy rains of August, these
abundance of composites. The powerline
L aspect of the adjacent woodlands/
i the red -cockaded woodpecker and
135

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance: As a plant community,, the wood-
land/savannah is not exemplary. The trees are relatively young and small,
there has been recent logging at most sites, and the area in general has
received much human disturbance. However, this is the best example of
the community in Craven County and one of the best examples in Croatan
National Forest. It is relatively extensive (area of ecotone with pocosin
especially notable) and has many savannah species, including three that
are very rare. The population of red -cockaded woodpeckers is notable.
Along the 4-5 miles of powerline right-of-way, there might be additional
rare herbs. The habitat appears to be suitable for Diondea`muscipula.
Much of the value of the area lies in its potential.
Species of special designation are red -cockaded woodpecker, Habenaria
integra, Bachman's sparrow, red-headed woodpecker, eastern bluebird, and
black bear.
Red -cockaded woodpecker. At least seven family groups were found.
Three nests with young were found in June; however, activity at three
other sites suggested that nesting had just been completed there. Cavity
trees occur along most of Little Road (see Fig. 16, lc). This area has
a significant percentage of birds and nests found in Croatan National
Forest. The National Forest is important to the future survival of the
species in North Carolina.
Habenaria integra. A population of 200 plus was found along the
powerline right-of-way about 100 yards northwest of Forest Service Road
122. This species is rare and decreasing throughout North Carolina.
With more frequent fire management, the study area could provide excel-
lent habitat for the species.
Red-headed woodpecker. Species is fairly common and apparently
nesting along Little Road.
Eastern bluebird. Species is a common breeding bird along Little
Road.
Black bear. 'Scat were seen once. Croatan National Forest will be
of increasing importance to this species in the future.
136

Figure 31. Northern most site in study area. Red -cockaded
woodpeckers and Bachman's sparrow were found here.
Figure 32. Powerline that lies adjacent to Little Road. Many
"savannah" herb species occur here.

12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Map
Le end
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
High quality terrestrial
plant community
Pinus palustris mixed shrubs and mixed
herbs
Not truly exemplary as a plant
community but one of the best
examples in county. Has several
savannah species, including 3
rare species. Potenti-al torPotent-a mor
rare species.
Endangered species
A
Red -cockaded woodpecker
Population center of Croatan
Nat±Unal: Forest which is
important to survival of specie
Threatened throughout
s ecies
B
Habenaria ante ra
Rare throughout North Carolina?
Threatened species
C
Bachman's sparrow
Only one found, but area could
e excellent habitat with more
fire management.
Of special concern
Red-headed woodpecker
Fairly common
Of special concern
Eastern bluebird
Common
Of special concern
Black bear
Population unknown. Croatan
Nationat Forest wttt be of
increasing importance to this

Figure 33.
Significant features. Little Road
Longleaf Pine Woodlands and
Savannahs.
A, C
Forest Service
Ind I2 1 -2
A
Auer like
C l eariHp
A
%18
Im
5R
1100-,

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private €
Public 100
Unknown
14. Number of Owners: one
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information),
USDA Forest Service (Croatan National Forest)
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
Mr. Lynn Youniz. District Ranger, rrna*nn uatinnal Fnract
435 Thurman Road
New Bern, N. C. 28560
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted':):
The Forest Service is probably committed to present management of
area, including preservation of red —cockaded woodpecker cavity tree
sites.
142

18. Uses of natural area.: The major use of the area is forestry. In
recent years (after 1970), areas of longleaf pine along Little Road
have not been clearcut, but there is much select cutting. Presumably,
trees within a certain distance of red -cockaded woodpecker cavity trees
are not cut.
Deer -hunting is popular in the area.
Red -cockaded woodpecker management is an ecologically important
use of the area.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 85 %
b. Agricultural land %
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 15 %
d. developed %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
3
100
exce t see #21
21. Regulatory protections in force:
Areas within a certain distance of red -cockaded woodpecker cavity
trees are affected by the Endangered Species Act.
143

22. Threats: Formerly, the whole area was threatened with clear cutting and
conversion to pine plantations, but this is not the case now. There are
apparently now no major threats to the area. In the future, the lack of
fire could be considered a threat.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation: Much of this area's value
is its potential value. Many of the rarest plants in North Carolina are
savannah species. This will be increasingly true in the future. It might
be feasible for the Forest Service to expand its management for red -
cockaded woodpeckers at the several sites to a savannah management of much
of the area by introduction of more fire management. In the area's favor
are the large number of savannah woodland sites within a rather large area,
that the area is within the range of many rare savannah species, and that
it is already in public ownership. Also, in the portion of the area where
Little Road and the powerline are parallel, burning, especially of ecotonal
areas, could be carried out relatively easily. Such management would not
exclude the use of the area for timber production.
The powerline right-of-way itself presents a very good opportunity for
savannah management with fire, especially because it can't be used for
forestry anyway. Also, the right-of-way includes many topographic settings,
moisture levels, micro -climates, and probably soil types.
144

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary
Community type: Pinus palustris/mixed shrubs and mixed herbs.
Community cover type: Pinus palustris
General habitat feature: Savannah/woodland
Average canopy height: 50 feet
Estimated age of canopy trees: 50 years; older at some sites
Canopy cover: Open to partly closed
Estimated size of community: 200 acres
Successional stage: "Climax" maintained by fire
Sere type: Psammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): None
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): See below
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant):
Low shrubs and herbs occur at the same level. No species is or
are dominant. Common are Aristida stricta, Arundinaria gigantea,
Pteridium aquilinum, Ilex lg abra, Gaylussacia dumosa, Vaccinium
tenellum.
145

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Mostly Leon sand; some Onslow loamy sand
Soil classification: Leon sand-Aeric Haplaquod, sandy, siliceous,
thermic. Onslow loamy sand-Spodic Paleudult,
fine loamy, siliceous, thermic.
Soil association: ---
pH class: Leon sand - Extremely acid (4.0-4.5).
Onslow loamy sand - Very strongly acid (4.5).
Source of information: USDA Soil and Conservation Service.
Soils Survey of Craven County. (in prep.)
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Mesic to dry-xeric
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime:
Drainage class: Moderately well -drained to somewhat excessively drained.
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A moderately well -drained to somewhat
excessively drained, mesic to dry-xeric, terrestrial system,
wetted by rains.
146

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Mostly ridges (but low and not well-defined).
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0.2°).
Profile: Nearly flat.
Surface patterns: Nearly smooth.
Position: N/A
147

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area:
Fire -maintained climax community on low, poorly -defined ridges,
underlain by Pleistocene backbarrier deposits in the Neuse River
drainage system in the Embayed Section of the Coastal Plain province
of the Atlantic plain.
Geological Formation: Flanner Beach Formation
(Mixon and Pilkey, 1976)
Geological Formation age: Pleistocene
References Cited: Mixon, R. B. and 0. H. Pilkey. 1976.
Reconnaissance Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal
Plain Province, Cape Lookout Area, North Carolina. U.S. Geol.
Surv. Prof. Paper 859.
148

26. Summary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Red -cockaded woodpecker
Species legal status and authority: Considered endangered by Federal
Government.
Number of populations on site: At least 7.
Number of individuals per population: Approximately 3.
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adults and young.
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Apparently good.
Disturbance or threats to population: None immediate, because of
legal protection.
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Same as for natural area.
Topography: It if if it it
Soil Series: is " it
it
it
Microclimate: if it to is "
Drainage basin: if if it is if
Other plants and animal species present: Mature pines.
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
See Fig. 33 for locations of cavity trees and active nests
in 1981. 149

26. su;umary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Habernaria integra
Species legal status and authority: Threatened throughout in North
Carolina (Cooper et al. 1977).
Number 'of populations on site: At least one.
Number of individuals per population: 200 plus.
Size or Maturity of individuals: Were flowering and fruiting.
Phenology of population:
ES: vegetative %
flowering
100%
fruiting
General vigor of population: Apparently good.
Disturbance or threats to population: Probably none.
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Foot -high mixed herbs within powerline right -
of -way.
Topography: Mostly on small ridges caused by past ORV traffic,
but area now well vegetated.
Soil Series: Leon sand?
Microclimate: Hot and sunny; ground surface moist to wet.
Drainage basin: Neuse River.
Other plants and animal species present:
Several grass species. Many Lysimachia loomisii present.
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
150

26. S=-aary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Bachman's sparrow.
Species legal status and authority: Threatened in North Carolina
(Cooper et al. 1977).
Number of populations on site: One.
Number of individuals per population: One territorial male observed;
it was probably paired.
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adult.
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Unknown.
Disturbance or threats to population: Frequent fire needed to maintain
thick grass cover.
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Same as for natural area.
Topography: it it if is it
Soil Series: if if it if it
Microclimate: of is " it
it
Drainage basin: it if it it
Other plants and animal species present: Dense grass cover.
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY %IRKED.
See Fig. lc.
151

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS: (Includes ecotone with pocosin; also includes herbs found along
adjacent ditches and within adjacent powerline clearing.)
Trees
Pinus palustris
Pinus serotina
Shrubs (Includes potential trees that are only shrubs in CT.)
Acer rubrum
Arundinaria gigantea
Cyrilla racemiflora
Gaultheria procumbens
Gaylussacia dumosa
G. frondosa
Gordonia lasianthus
Ilex cassine var. myrtifolia
I. coriacea
I. glabra
Kalmia angustifolia var.
caroliniana
Liquidambar styraciflua
Lyonia ligustrina
L. mariana
Magnolia virginiana
Herbs
Agalinis purpurea
A. setacea
Aletris farinosa
Andropogon scoparius
A. virginicus
Aristida stricta
Asclepias longifolia
A. rubra
Aster linarifolius
A. paludosus
A. squarrosus
Baptisia tinctoria
Bartonia paniculata
B. virginica
Bidens laevis
Calopogon pallidus
Carduus virginianus
Carphephorus bellidifolius
Carex spp.
Cassia nictitans
Centella asiatica
Chondrophora nudata
Cleistes divaricata
Myrica cerifera var. cerifera
M. cerifera var. pumila
M. heterophylla
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
Persea borbonia
Rhododendron atlanticum
Rhus copallina
Sassafras albidum
Sorbus arbutifolia
Symplocos tinctoria
Vaccinium atrococcum
V. corymbosum
V. crassifolium
V. stamineum
V. tenellum
Zenobia pulverulenta
Coreopsis angustifolia
C. falcata
C. helianthoides
Crotalaria purshii
Ctenium aromaticum
Cuscuta spp.
Cyperus spp.
Desmodium rotundifolium
Dichromena latifolia
Diodia teees
D. virginiana
Drosera capillaris
D. leucantha
Dulichium arundinaceum
Eleocharis spp.
Eriocaulon decangulare
Eryngium integrifolium
Eupatorium pilosum
Fuirena squarrosa
Galactia macreei
Habenaria ciliaris
H. cristata
H. integra
152

Herbs (cont.)
Helianthus angustifolius
Pteridium aquilinum
Heterotheca nervosa
Pycnanthemum flexuosum
Hypericum denticulatum
Rhexia alif anus
H. stans
R. lutes,
H. walteri
R. mariana
Juncus acuminatus
R. petiolata
J. biflorus
Rhynchospora chalarocephala
J. effusus
R. pallida
J. polycephalus
R. spp.
Liatris graminifolia
Sabatia brachiata
L. spicata
S. difformis
Lilium catesbaei var.
S. gentianoides
longii
Sarracenia flava
Linum virginianum
S. purpurea
Lobelia canbyi
Scirpus cyperinus
L. glandulosa
Scutellaria integrifolia
L. nuttalii
Solidago arguta
Ludwigia alternifolia
S. fistulosa
L. linearis
S. odora
Lycopodium appressum
S. stricta
L. alopecuroides
Spiranthes sp.
Lysimachia loomisii
Stylosanthes biflora
Marshallia graminifolia
Tephrosia spicata
Oenothera fruticosa
Tofieldia racemosa
Osmunda cinnamomea
Trilisa odoratissima
0. regalis
T. paniculata
Panicum spp.
Utricularia juncea
Pogonia ophioglossoides
U. subulata
Polygala brevifolia
Woodwardia virginica
P. cruciata
Xyris spp.
P. incarnata
Zigadenus densus
P. lutea
Z. glaberrimus
P. ramosa
Psoralea psoralioides
Lianas (potential)
Gelsemium sempervirens Smilax glauca
Rhus radicans S. laurifolia
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Oak toad Squirrel treefrog
Southern toad Gray treefrog
Southern cricket frog Little grass frog
Green treefrog Carpenter frog
Pine woods treefrog Eastern narrowmouth toad
153

Reptiles
Eastern mud turtle Black racer
Eastern box turtle ("Greenish") Rat snake
Carolina anole Eastern kingsnake
Six -lined racerunner Rough green snake
Birds (Includes species of ecotone with pocosin.)
KEY PR=Permanent resident
SR=Summer resident
WR=Winter resident
V=Visitant
*=Breeds or
Turkey vulture
PR
Red-tailed hawk
PR
Bobwhite
PR*
Mourning dove
PR*
Yellow -billed cuckoo
SR*
Great horned owl
PR
Barred owl
PR
Chuck -will s-widow
SR*
Whip -poor -will
SR?
(one heard 18 June)
Common nighthawk
V
Chimney swift
V
Common flicker
PR*
Pileated woodpecker
PR
Red-headed woodpecker
SR?*
Hairy woodpecker
PR*
Downy woodpecker
PR*
Red -cockaded woodp.
PR*
Eastern kingbird
SR*
Great cr. flycatcher
SR*
Eastern wood pewee
SR*
Fish crow
SR?
(no common crows observed)
Mammals
Opossum (tracks seen)
Black bear (scat seen once)
Raccoon
probably breeds
Carolina chickadee
PR*
Brown -headed nuthatch
PR*
Carolina wren
PR*
Gray catbird
PR*
Eastern bluebird
PR*
Blue -gray gnatcatcher
SR*
White -eyed vireo
SR*
Yellow-thtd. warbler
SR*
Pine warbler
PR*
Prairie warbler
SR*
Common yellowthroat
PR*
Yellow -breasted chat
SR*
Hooded warbler
SR*
Eastern meadowlark
PR*
Orchard oriole
SR*
Common grackle
SR?
Brown -headed cowbird
SR?*
Summer tanager
SR*
Indigo bunting
SR*
Rufous -sided towhee
SR?*
Bachman's sparrow
SR?*
Chipping sparrow
WR?
(one seen in July)
Eastern cottontail
Whitetail deer (common)
154

NATURhL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural area Name: Deep Gully Creek
2. County: Craven
3. Location: From New Bern proceed south on U.S. Hwy 17 to Jones -Craven County
line. The natural area begins at the highway and ends where the creek
runs into the swamp forest of the Trent River. 350345N 77110OW
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Pollocksville, N.C.; 1:24,000
5. Size: 73 acres
6. Elevation: 0-30 ft.
7. Access: By foot from U.S. Hwy 17 and by foot from railroad tracks that
cross creek
E. Names of investigators: Charles B. McDonald and Andrew N. Ash
9. Date(s) of investigation: May 28, 1981 and June 11, 1981
10. Priority rating: High
155

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11A. Prose Description of Site:
Deep Gully Creek was accurately named for it is just that, a deep gully.
The creek is short (only about two miles long) and drains relatively little
land but it cuts sharply through what must be a broad sandy ridge before it
enters the Trent River. This produces slopes that are relatively steep with
almost no flood plain. The change in elevation is approximately 30 feet. The
vegetation on these slopes is exceptionally diverse with many species that are
more characteristic of the Piedmont or Mountains than of the Coastal Plain.
The community is mature with many exceptionally old canopy trees. Of the
several that were cored, the oldest was a beech (DBH 34 in.) of approximately
150 years. Other old trees and their diameters in inches were: beech, 30.3
and 40.5; southern sugar maple, 16.5; American elm, 19.3; white ash, 17.5;
bitternut hickory, 22.6; American holly, 14.6; and hop hornbeam, 12.2 and 14.4.
As these measurements indicate, species that typically occupy the subcanopy
have reached true subcanopy status thus leaving it relatively open at the
ground level due to the scarcity of shrubs. This is precisely the type of
stratification that is expected in a mature mixed -hardwood forest.
Approximately one-half mile downstream from where the creek crosses U.S.
highway 17 the water has exposed large blocks of Castle Hayne marl and these
exposures continue intermittently for approximately .2 mi. The marl has
weathered producing crevices that run into the ground and back into the ravine
slope. Occupying the surface of the marl are herbaceaus species such as columbine
and more notably the endangered Tennessee bladder fern. In the Coastal Plain,
these and other species are restricted to this type of infrequently occuring
habitat.
157

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
The deep gully site is significant for two reasons. There is a well -
developed limestone outcrop on the tract, and also the upland portions of
the site are occupied by an extremely diverse upland hardwood community.
The marl outcrops are possible habitats for such rare or endangered plants
as Asplenium heteroresiliens, Cystopteris x tennesseensis, Carex chapmanii,
Ponthieva racemosa, Habenaria flava, and Malaxis spicata. There are three
large outcrops that would be of interest to biologists and geologists alike,
and they show little sign of human distumbance. Since such outcrops occur
for the most part in Jones and Craven counties, any documented site should
be preserved if possible.
Another aspect of Deep Gully is the diverse stand of mixed hardwood
that occurs on the upland portion of the site. Diversity is high in both
the canopy and herbaceous layers as can be seen from the Master Species
List. No canopy tree has an importance value greater than 17, but six
species have importance values between 7 and 17. They are the following:
Fa us grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya cordiformis, Liquidambar
styraciflua, Quercus alba, and Carya tomentosa. We have seen no stand of
trees in eastern North Carolina that can match this one in admixture of
species. Also notable is the low dominance by oaks of any type.
158

r
to
kD
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Nap
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
—
High Quality Terrestrial
Plant Community
Mixed Hardwood/Ostrya virginiana-
or
Exceptionally diverse assemblag
of old growth hardwood
Unusual Species Assemblage
Calciphilous species growing on marl
outcrops
Part of the excellent Trent Riv
marl outcropsystem
Unusual Species Assemblage
�in
Piedmont -Mountain vegetation occuring
the Coastal Plain
Best bluff slope vegetation in
raven County
Outstanding geologic/
geomorphic featur
Large rock outcrops of Castle Hayne
limestone
art of the excellent Trent Riv
marl outcrop —system
Endangered Species
**
As lenium hgtgxjLresjIjAnR
on marl outcrops
Presence confirmed in 1981
surveys by C. A. Jones - Roe
One of 4 populations in Craven
County and total of 6 popula-
tions in North Carolina.
** By personal communication with Charlotte Jones -Roe. Exact location not determined.

all
Fig. 35•
/
Significant features. Deep Gully
Creek.
1B0
1330 � •` �-`�. � I
TREN
� o163
X37 1 • J \`1. r
BM 38 35- �``% X33
Rhems
36
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X37 \�• 1 '� ''I���J� �` ♦ 5
• ' J° •� �% ``,[ tom\ C � _ - .
I
32
11 ♦ \ "
Jones coiner
11 �
I5�
, n_ „ � l ,yb xz-
x28 brubl
Tenmile Fork ; i n a pain o
36
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J
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. 95 CC.
, l -
34
:T
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15
• �: •- l r �< �� � � © :.�� I 1 �/ \ /% - � _ -•\ " � ��N�,\�•\1 it
v ll I

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 100 %
Public %
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: 3
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodians) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information),
1. Eleanor T. Griffin 2. McLawhorn Livestock 3. James E. Mallard
1801 Rhem Ave. Farm Inc. Rt. 1
New Bern, NC 28560 Rt. 3, Box 223 Trenton, NC 28585
New Bern, NC 28560
(see App. A Ownership map)
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
Charlotte Jones -Roe
N.C. Botanical Garden, UNC-CH
Laurel- -Hill_ k6ad
Chapel Hill, N. C. 27514
Mrs. Jones -Roe ljas conducted an inventory of fern populations on marl
outcrops in Jones and Craven Counties. She has information on the
population status on -this as well 2s nthPr citaS_
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown. Owners not contacted
161

18. Uses of natural area:
Presently, the area does not receive much use at all. The upper third of
the tract was selectively logged during the winter but this activity seems to
be terminated. Otherwise, no management has been detected. At this point, it
is impossible to determine whether logging will continue. Historically, two
logging events are hypothesized from tree -age data. One event occured approxi-
mately 100 years ago, and another about 50 years ago. The stand has since
recovered and seems entirely natural to the observer.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland %
b. Agricultural land 100 %
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry %
d. developed %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
6
100%
21. Regulatory protections in force:
None
162

22. Threats:
There are three possible threats to the Deep Gully area, logging, silta-
tion, and agricultural pollution. Of the three, logging would cause the most
damage and probably would be the hardest to stop. There are many hardwoods
of marketable size on the area, making the current timber crop extremely
valuable. There is currently a moderate amount of siltation caused by erosion
of field edges from a pig farm to the northeast of the area. This could be
controlled with cooperation of the owner. The extent of agricultural eutrophi-
cation is not known, but could be considerable from the pig farm. The farm to
the southeast of the area is currently in wheat and corn and some fertilizer
or pesticide runoff could occur.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
The Deep Gully area would need little management if left in tact. It is a
"climax" hardwood forest and should undergo little change if simply left alone.
This is important in terms of the marl outcrops, as most marl endemics are
adapted to deep shade. Thus, simply leaving the site alone should preserve
both natural features of the area. However, this may be difficult to do unless
the land is acquired by some environmental interest group. Private owners may
be inclined to harvest timber at a good profit. This will obviously eliminate
the trees, and probably most outcrop species as well due to the loss of shade.
Thus, maintenance of a forest canopy is essential to the natural appeal of the
area. Some thought should be given to minimizing siltation and agricultural
pollution.
163

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary
Community type: Mixed hardwood/Out a virginiana-Cornus florida/
mixed herbs
Community cover type: Mixed hardwoods
General habitat feature: Steep wooded slope with accompanying
limestone outcrops
Average canopy height: 90 ft.
Estimated age of canopy trees: Various, 50-150 years
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 73 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Subsere for wooded slopes
Lithosere for rock outcrops
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Fa us grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera,
Carya cordiformis, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus alba
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Ilex opaca, Oxydendrum arboreum,
Carpinus caroliniana, Stewartia malacodendron, Magnolia tripetala
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Mitchella repens, Podophyllum peltatum, Polystichum
acrostichoides, Hexastylis arifolia
164

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Norfolk loamy fine sand
Soil classification: Fine -loamy, siliceous, themic typic paleudults
Soil association: Norfolk-Goldsboro-Wagram
pH class: Medium to strongly acid
Source of information: Craven County interim SCS soil maps. Phillips,
J.A. et al. 1977. Soil associations of the coastal area management
region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD. Raleigh
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Mesic
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Intermittently flooded
Drainage class: Well drained
Drainage basin: Trent River
Hydrology characterization: This is a well drained, intermittently
flooded, fresh water, creek and slope system.
165

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Deep Gully
Shelter: Sheltered
Aspect: Northeast/Southwest
Slope Angle: Moderately steep
Profile: Constant
Surface patterns: Smooth except blocky at outcrops
Position: Entire slope
166

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area: A climax community
occupying the moderately steep slopes of a gully eroded through sandy
pleistocene sediments with occasional blocky outcrops of marl.
Geological Formation: Talbot terrace with erosionally produced
exposures of Castle Hayne limestone
Geological Formation age: Quaternary for Talbot Terrace.Eocene
for Castle Hayne limestone.
References Cited: Stuckey, J. L. and S.
text for geologic map of North Carolina.
Survey Bull. 71.
G. Conrad. 1958. Explanatory
North Carolina Geologic
167

26. Suaumary - Endangered and threatened species
Source: Personal communication with Mrs. Charlotte Jones -Roe
Name of species: Asplenium heteroresiliens Wagner
Species legal status and authority: Endangered throughout. Cooper
et al., 1977. The N.C. Plant Protection and Conservation Act, 1979
Number of populations on site: 1
Number of individuals per population: 17
Size or Maturity of individuals: not robust
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative % 25%
flowering €
fruiting % 75%
General vigor of population: apparently declining
Disturbance or threats to population: Runoff and siltation from
agricultural erosion on uplands and nearby hog farm.
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Mixed hardwood/ Acer saccharum var. flora idanum/
mixed herbs.
Topography: Creek ravine with limestone outcrops
Soil Series: Suffolk ls, 10-30%?
Microclimate: Shaded with relatively cool summer temperature but
periodically extremely dry.
Drainage basin: Trent River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY W-.RKED.
168

26. Sua6nary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Cystopteris x tennesseensis shaver
Species legal status and authority: Endangered disjunct. Cooper.
et. al., 1977. The N.C. Plant Protection and Conservation Act,
1979.
Number of populations on site: Potential habitat; species not located
in field investigations.
Number of individuals per population: Unknown.
Size or Maturity of individuals: Unknown.
Phenology of population: Unknown.
Eg: vegetative $
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: unknown.
Disturbance or threats to population: None at present
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Mixed hardwood/Ostrya virginiana-Cornus florida/
mixed herbs
Topography: Creek ravine with limestone outcrops
Soil Series: Suffolk ls, 10-30%?
Microclimate: Shaded with relatively cool summer temperature
but periodically extremely dry
Drainage basin: Trent River
Other plants and animal species present: See master species list
*Occurs in the vicinity but not actually on site.
169

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Trees
Acer saccharum
Morus rubra
Subsp. floridanum
Nyssa sylvatica
A. rubrum
Ostrya virginiana
Carpinus caroliniana
Oxydendrum arboreum
Carya glabra
Quercus alba
C. cordiformis
Q. austrina
C. tomentosa
Q. laurifolia
Cornus florida
Q. lyrata
Crataegus sp.
Q. nigra
Fagus grandifolia
Q< rubra
Fraxinus americana
Sassafras albidum
F. tomentosa
Stewartia malacodendron
Ilex opaca
Styrax grandifolia
Juniperus virginiana
Taxodium distichum
Liquidambar styraciflua
Ulmus americana
Liriodendron tulipifera
Magnolia tripetala
Shrubs
Callicarpa americana -Lindera benzoin
Clethra alnifolia Vaccinium elliottii
Euonymus americanus Viburnum prunifolium
Hamamelis virginiana
Leucothoe axillaris
Ligustrum sinense
Herbs
Antennaria sp.
Goodyera pubescens
Aquilegia canadensis
Hexastylis arifolia
Arenaria lanuginosa
Hydrocotyle verticillata
Arisaema triphyllum
Hypericum hypericoides
Arundinaria gigantea
H. nudiflorum
Asplenium heteroresiliens
Impatiens capensis
A. platyneuron
Luzula acuminata
Asclepias variagata
Melica mutica
Athyrium asplenioides
Mitchella repens
Aureolaria virginica
Osmunda cinnamomea
Boehmeria cylindrica
Panicum sp.
Botrychium virginianum
Podophyllum peltatum
Chimaphila maculata
Polygonum setaceum
Cystopteris x tennesseensis
Polystichum acrostichoides
Desmodium glutinosum
Prenanthes sp.
D. nudiflorum
Ranunculus bulbosus
Duchesnia indica
Sanicula canadensis
Elephantopus carolinianus
Saururus cernuus
Epifagus virginiana
Senecio glabellus
Galax urceolata
Thaspium barbinode
Galium aparine
Tovara virginiana
170

Herbs (continued)
G. circaezans
G. uniflorum
Geum canadense
Glyceria striata
Llianas
Ani.sostichus capreolata
Berchemia scandens
Campsis radicans
Decumaria barbara
Dioscorea villosa
Lonicera japonica
Matalea sp.
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
: V IMF
Amphibians -
Leopard frog
Slimy salamander
Birds
Little green heron SR
Common flicker PR
Red -bellied woodpecker PR
Blue jay PR
Common crow PR
Carolina wren PR
Wood thrush SR
Prothonatary warbler SR
Parula warbler SR
Louisiana waterthrush SR
Common yellowthroat SR
Mammals
Raccoon
White-tailed deer
Uvularia sessilifolia
Viola sp.
Woodwardia areolata
Passiflora lutea
Rhus radicans
Smilax bona-nox
S. walteri
Tillandsia usneoides
Vitis aestivalis
V. rotundifolia
171

77
Appendix A.
6
Fig. 36. Ownership map. Deep
Gully Creek.1224 ♦♦ ,h fJ :' ����
♦.♦ x33 /b I
o y / / I / a o
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tl 133p
35 351 O
17
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17
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BM 332

NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Flanner Beach Natural Area
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Along southwest shore of Neuse River from Fisher Landing to
ca. 1/2 mile SE of Flanner Beach. Area center is approx. 345920N765730W
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Havelock, NC; 1:24,000; Upper Broad Creek,
NC, 1:24,000
5. Size: 400 acres
6. Elevation: 0-30'
7. Access: To get to section NW of Otter Creek, take Forest Service Road 141
to end and walk along shore. To get to section SE of Otter Creek, take
NCSR 1107 to end and walk along shore.
E. Names of investigators: John 0. Fussell III, Charles B. McDonald
9. Date(s) of investigation: 15,27 May; 2,9,20 June; 4,5,7 July; 14 Aug.; 1981
10. Priority rating: High
173

^'Fk,
rc GVATS , Figure 37.
Access. Flanner Beach Natural
Area.
N

11A. Prose Description of Site:
The Flanner Beach Natural Area consists of two sections. The
larger lies between the Forest Service recreation areas at Fisher
Landing and Flanner Beach. The smaller section is just SE of
Planner Beach.
Several physical features of the natural area are striking.
Along the Neuse River shoreline SE of the mouth of Otter Creek,
erosion is evident, producing bluffs of 15'-251. These outcrops,
discussed by Mixon and Pilkey (1976) are of Pleistocene age and
appear to be representing former estuarine and swamp environments.
Exposed are mostly clay and sand with an abundance of organic
material (including cypress stumps) at present sea level. No
calciferous material is exposed. This site is the type location
of the Planner Beach Formation.
Along much of the Neuse shoreline NW of the mouth of Otter
Creek, there is a scarp, similar in height to the bluffs farther
SE. However, it does not lie next to the present shoreline, but
approximately 100' inland. It is generally vegetated and the narrow
plain between it and the beach has a growth of young trees. One
of the largest loblolly pines (12" DBH) was cored and found to be
22 years old. Perhaps the scarp represents erosion caused by one
of the 1950's hurricanes or the 1933 hurricane which caused very
high tides in the Neuse.
Along the streams of the natural area, as along the other
streams of the Otter Creek drainage just outside the natural area,
there is a pattern of swale-like valleys draining into the streams.
Alternating with the valleys are ridge -like headlands. The head-
lands are up to 20' higher than the adjacent valleys. The slopes
between are surprisingly steep, up to 45 . The valleys are all
oriented perpendicular to the main axis of the streams; they extend
about 400' into the adjacent uplands. Just NW of Planner Beach,
the erosion along the Neuse shoreline has reached to the upper end of
one valley draining into the adjacent stream. If the erosion continues,
the peninsula NW of Flanner Beach will become an island.
Just SE of Fisher Landing there are similar valleys that
drain directly into the Neuse estuary. Some of these support
wetland vegetation.
No data are available but the Planner Beach area seems to
receive much more summer thunderstorm rainfall than the general
region does. The relatively small area of land between the Brice
Creek system and the Neuse River Land the fact that this strip of
land lies perpendicular to the preveiling winds) may have con-
tributed to the relatively infrequent occurrence of fire here in the
past, thus having an effect on the dominant vegetation.
175

The natural area includes mesic hardwood forest, swamp forests,
a brackish marsh, and the sandy beach along the Neuse. The beach
was not studied as a community, but species found there are included
in the master lists.
The major biological significance of the natural area is the
mesic hardwood forest which has many species that are local, un-
common, or rare in the outer coastal plain of North Carolina. In
general this community is limited to the slopes of the valleys,
the interlying headlands, and to a narrow band of the adjacent
flat upland, where Pinus taeda becomes dominant, probably due to
more frequent logging. However, two areas of flat uplands dominanted
by hardwoods are the peninsulas adjacent to the mouth of Otter Creek.
From site to site, there is much variation in plant species
composition. In general, no species dominates any stratum. A
mixture of oaks, hickories, and some Pinus taeda generally comprise
the canopy. On some slopes, Fa us grandifolia dominates. The
understory is also strongly mixed. Common are Cornus florida,
Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Ilex opaca, Oxydendrum arboreum,
and Magnolia tripetala which may be dominant on some slopes. The
shrub layer is generally absent. Locally, on some slopes, Stewartia
malacodendron forms a layer. Abundance of herb species varies with
slope position. Mitchella repens, Rhus radicans, Hexastylis arifolia,
Sanicula canadensis and other species are common on the upland border.
GAlax Aphylla is common on the upper slopes. On the lower slopes,
Thelypteris hexagonoptera, T. noveboracensis and other ferns often
form dense colonies. Within this community, local conditions con-
tribute to the presence of several notable species. Along the crest
of the scarp that lies SE of Fisher Landing, Hydrangea arborescens
is common. Just NE of Flanner Beach, along the eroding bluffs, much
sunlight can reach the lower strata, causing lush shrub vegetation
at some sites and lush herbaceous vegetation at others. The shrubs
include the locally rare Corylus americana. The herbs include most
of the locally rare species that occur in the natural area.
Frequently encountered herps were Southern toad, Eastern box
turtle, and Ground skink. The most common birds were Carolina
chickadee, Tufted titmouse, and Red -eyed vireo. Several white -
breasted nuthatches were present; this is probably near the coastal
limit of the species in the region. Gray squirrels were very
common.
Neither the swamp forest nor the brackish marsh is exemplary
as a plant community, but both add to the diversity of the area.
The swamp forest is important to some rare bird species. Dominant
swamp forest canopy trees are Taxodium distichum and Nyssa sylvatica
var. biflora, but these occur in a sparse stand and are small
(DBH 14"). The second layer of vegetation is only about 20' high;
common are Fraxinus caroliniana, Acer rubrum, and Nyssa sylvatica
var. biflora. Saururus cernuus is the most common herb species.
Southern leopard frogs, Eastern mud turtle, and Cottonmouth were
176

frequently encountered herps. The most common bird was the Pro—
thonotary warbler.
Some of the valleys SE of Fisher Landing were deep enough to
support wetland vegetation. Two of these areas that were examined
were dominated by N ssa aquatica. Other such sites may occur along
this strip. However, they are very small in extent. The 7 1/2'
quadrangles and orthophotoquads are not adequate to differentiate
and map these areas.
The 15 acre brackish marsh at the mouth of Otter Creek
has an almost pure growth of Spartina cynosuroides. Almost no
other plant species occur at the site.
177

Figure 38. Erosion along shore just northwest of Flanner
Beach Recreation Area.
Figure 39. Edge of Spartina cynosuroides marsh at mouth of
Otter Creek.

. � \• �'y 1 fl Y 5 1.� �'��l` j iII �lt.� :: F ! :t '� -1R jyJ.
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11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
The major values of this natural area are 1) the presence of
the mesic hardwood community, and 2) the generally undisturbed
quality of the area with its several communities and topographic
settings and rich diversity of species. The mesic hardwood communtiy
is definitely significant at a county level. It includes tree,
shrub, and many herb species that are local, uncommon, or rare in
the outer coastal plain (or entire coastal plain) of North Carolina.
The area has value as an outdoor classroom because of the
physical and biological diversity and because the area is so
accessible. The Forest Service could add to this value by designing
a nature trail at the Flanner Beach Recreation Area.
The Flanner Beach area was the scene of much Civil War activity
in 1862. Earthworks are said to still be evident on the peninsula
just NW of Otter Creek.
Four animal species of special designation were found during
this study; there may be others. Two to three pairs of Red -shouldered
hawks were observed throughout the area. Nesting is probable. In
June, two birds acted as if they had a nest along Crooked Run.
Red-headed woodpeckers were fairly common in the Mesic hardwood
community. Nesting was likely in the area. Two territorial male
Swainson's warblers were heard along the stream between Otter Creek
and Flanner Beach. This species might occur in or along the edge of
much of the swamp forest of the natural area. Prothonotary warblers
are a common breeder in the swamp forest.
Ospreys were regularly seen around the mouth of Otter Creek.
They might nest within the natural area. American alligators
formerly were found in this area, and might still occur here. The
area around the mouth of Otter Creek is good habitat for the species.
180

12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. feature
Pap
-,-n a nd
b. Description of significant feature
C. Comparative assessment
—
High quality terrestrial
plant community
A
Mixed mesic hardwoods and Pinus taeda/
mixed mesic hardwoods/ mixed herbs
Significant at county level.
Man
ocal, uncommon, or rare in
N.C. outer coastal plain.
Geologic/geomorphic
feature
Pleistocene outcrop along river shore.
Outcrops type section of "Flanner Beach
One of few sites in
count
Formation"
Historical value
Evidence of Civil War earthworks etc.
are reportedly evident on thepeninsula-_
One of few sites in
count
just NW of Otter Creek.
Threatened species
%rou hou
Red -shouldered hawk
Two -three airs in area
Of special concern
Red-headed woodpecker
Fairly common; apparently
breeds in area
Of special concern
Swainson's warbler
Uncommon
Of special concern
Prothonotary warbler
Common

STATES Figure 40.
F THE INTERIOR Plant communities. Flanner
�L SURVEY Fisher La.ndk3 Beach Natural Area.
• •;e tL ,4 ,:N''/ SN % 1320 321 57'3U' _
o Light
1 FJi h1 i t
•�'! Riverdale
�l / x n '
O x27
•
J
• % l-- a t\J �. �'`�-' r1 i� e., O``\ , r
Flanner
` ; .; �. � J,"" `N: . J, , ..,• ii . Beach
Z • �I �5 a, r /
x26 i 6 6 b t R
i r `N , •. � r �, N I 28 U
Cr Brice Creek
)fir/7)'
Ll
Cr 4 a LOOkput To •er-
roatan ZS- 1� x S �\ av��I•�
x 2975,
r� r
) r41 -P
4 i
x 2B
182

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 40 %
Public 60 %
Unknown %
14. dumber of Owners: TWO
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
a) USDA. Forest Service. Croatan National Forest.
b) Dr. Harold H. Bate, P. 0. Box 2945, New Bern, N. C. 28560
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
a) Mr. Lynn Young b) Ms. Jeannie Wilson
District Ranger Hampton Mariners Museum
435 Thurman Road Beaufort,.N.C. 28516
New Bern, N.C. 28560
17. attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown
183

18. Uses of natural area:
The whole area has historically been used for low -intensity forestry,
at least in this century. In the 19th century, some of the area (flat
upland) was apparently in agriculture and there are some remains of what
appear to be old homesites.
The flat upland and swamp forest portions of the area appear to
have been logged more recently than along the slopes.
Areas adjacent to the Forest Service's Fisher's Landing and_Flanner
Beach Recreation Areas are used some for recreation (hiking, etc.), but
this is largely limited to the river shore.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 90 % c. high -intensity forestry 10 %
_. b. Agricultural land % d. developed %
20. Preservation Status:
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status-
3
60
6
40
-7
21. Regulatory protections in force:
Some of the wetland areas come under the jurisdiction of the
Coastal Area Management Act. Certain activities in wetland
areas are under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers.
184

22. Threats:
There are probably no immediate threats, especially to the
area owned by the Forest Service. The private individual could
possibly convert the central portion of the peninsula just NW
of Otter Creek to pine plantations, but that seems unlikely.
The conversion of that peninsula. to residential land is a more
realistic threat, but that too seems unlikely at present.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
It would be desirable for the Forest Service to acquire the
privately -owned peninsula just NW of Otter Creek, so the entire
natural area would be a public ownership. However, low -intensity
forestry on the flat upland of that peninsula is not entirely in-
consistent with the values of the area.
Forest Service management of the areas around the two recreation
sites has been consistent with maintaining aesthetic appeal there.
Perhaps, the Forest Service would consider designating much or all
of the study area in Forest Service ownership as an official natural
area. The Flanner Beach Recreation Area would be an excellent site
for a nature trail. This trail could go through several plant
communities and topographic settings. It would have to be well -
designed to prevent destruction to slope areas though.
A "minimum recommendation" for the area is that logging should
not be done on any of the slopes, which are very susceptable to
erosion. A recently dug fire trail around the Flanner Beach
Recreation Area, which is quite deep and goes directly up and down
many slopes, was unfortunate.
185

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT -A
Community type: Much variation. In general, mixed mesic hardwoods and
Pinus taeda/mixed mesic hardwoods/mixed herbs.
Community cover type: Mixed mesic hardwoods and Pinus taeda.
General habitat feature: Slope and border of adjacent upland.
Average canopy height: 80'
Estimated age of canopy trees: 100, 2 Pinus taeda that were cored
were 80 and 94 years old.
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: Ca. 325 acres
Successional stage: Near climax
Sere type: Psammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Quercus alba, g. rubra, 4. velutina, Carya
cordiformis, C. glabra, C. tomentosa, Pinus taeda. On some
slope sites, Fa us grandifolia is dominant.
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Cornus florida, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Ilex o aca, Oxydendrum arboreum, Magnolia
tripetala. On some slope sites, Magnolia tripetala is dominant.
Common shrub stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Shrub layer is generally absent. On some slopes,
Stewartia malacodendron is a local cominant.
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Mitchella repens, Rhus radicans, Hexastylis
arifolia, Sanicula canadensis; seedling Acer rubrum.
At some slope sites, Galaxa_pphy�llais common. At lower slope sites,
Thelypteris hexagonop a a, 1. rioveDoracensis and other ferns are
common.
186

24b. Soil Summary (by community type) CT -A
Soil series: "Upland" -Goldsboro loamy fine sand
Slopes - Suffolk.
Soil classification: Goldsboro-Aquic Paleudult, fine -loamy,
siliceous, thermic
Soil association:
pH class: Goldsboro -Very strongly acid (4.5-5.0)
Suffolk -Very strongly acid (ca. 5.0)
Source of information: USDA. Soil and Conservation Service. Soils
Survey of Craven County. (In prep.)
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Mesic to dry-mesic
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime:
Drainage class: Well -drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A well -drained, mesic to dry-mesic
terrestrial system
187

24d. Topography Summary CT -A
Landform: Slopes, narrow "headlands", and border of adjacent upland
Shelter: Varies from sheltered to open (exposed to N wind)
Aspect: Variation of slopes; collectively, face all directions
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0-20) to steep (25-450)
Profile: Upland is flat. Slopes generally constant but with
some convex slopes and some concave.
Surface patterns: Generally smooth. Some small gullied areas
Position: Entire slope and border of adjacent upland
188

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT-B
Community type: Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora-Taxodium distichum/
Acer rubrum-Fraxinus caroliniana/Saururus cernus.
Community cover type: Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora-Taxodium distichum
General habitat feature: Alluvial deposits
Average canopy height: 70'
Estimated age of canopy trees: 50 years
Canopy cover: Mostly open
Estimated size of community: 60 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Hydropelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant). None
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Woodwardia areolata, Lobelia cardinalis
189

24b. Soil Summary (by community type) CT-B
Soil series: Mostly Masontown, some Dorovan muck
Soil classification: Masontown-Cumulic Humaquept
Dorovan muck-Typic Medisaprist, dysic, thermic
Soil association:
pH class: Masontown -Neutral
Dorovan muck -Medium acid
Source of information: USDA. Soil and Conservation Service. Soil
Survey of Craven County. (In prep.)
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Seasonally flooded
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A very poorly drained, seasonally flooded,
interaqueous palustrine system.
190

24d. Topography Summary CT-B
Landform: Alluvial floodplain deposit
Shelter: Partly sheltered
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0-20)
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Mostly smooth; some hummocks
Position: N/A
191

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT-C
Community type: Spartina cynosuroides
Community cover type: Spartina cynosuroides
General habitat feature: Marsh
Average canopy height: 12'
Estimated age of canopy trees: 1 year
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: Ca. 15 acres
Successional stage: Transitional
Sere type: Hydropelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): N/A
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): N/A
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): None
192

24b. Soil Summary (by community type) CT-C
Soil series: Unknown
Soil classification:
Soil association:
pH class:
Source of information:
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Estuarine
Hydrologic subsystem: Intertidal to Supratidal
Water chemistry: Probably oligohaline
Water regime: Semipermanently flooded
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A very poorly drained, semipermanently
flooded, intertidal to supratidal estuarine system
193

24d. Topography Summary CT-C
Landform: Stream delta
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0-20)
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Smooth
Position: N/A
194

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area:
Transitional and climax communities on edge of upland, slopes,
and alluvial deposits, underlain by Pleistocene backbarrier deposits
in the Neuse River system in the Embayed Section of the Coastal
Plain province of the Atlantic Plain.
Geological Formation: Flanner Beach Formation. (Beard Creek Member)
Geological Formation age: Pleistocene
References Cited: Mixon, R. B. and 0. H. Pilkey. 1976. Reconnaissance
Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal Plain Province, Cape
Lookout Area, North Carolina. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 859.
195

26. Suz6nary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Red -shouldered hawk
Species legal status and authority: Threatened in North Carolina
(Cooper. et al., 1977.)
Number of populations on site: Probably 3+.
Number of individuals per population: 2-3
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adults present
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative %
flowering
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Probably good. Two birds acted as if
they had a nest at Crooked Run
Disturbance or threats to population: Probably none
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: CT -A; CT-B
Topography:
Soil Series:
Microclimate:
Drainage basin:
Other plants and animal species present:
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY :MARKED.
196

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
KEY A= Community type A
B= Community type B
C= Community type C
sl= slopes
/= ecotone
sr= river shore
Trees
Acer rubrum A,B
Baccharis halimifolia sr
Carpinus caroliniana B, esp.
Carya cordiformis A
C. glabra A
C. tomentosa A
Cornus florida A
Diospyros virginiana A
(none tree sized)
Fagus grandifolia A, esp. sl
Fraxinus caroliniana B
Hamamelis virginiana A
Ilex opaca A
I. vomitoria A, esp. near sr
(mostly very small)
Juglans nigra A
Juniperus virginiana near sr
(shrub only)
Liquidambar styraciflua A,B
Liriodendron tulipifera A
Magnolia tripetala A, esp sl
Morus rubra A, esp.sl
Myrica cerifera mostly near sr
A/B Nyssa aquatica B
N. sylvatica var. biflora B
Oxydendrum arboreum A
Persea borbonia A
Pinus taeda A
Prunus serotina A
Quercus alba A
Q. falcata A
Q. laurifolia A
Q. marilandica a few near sr
Q. nigra A
Q. rubra A
Q. velutina A
Salix caroliniana sr
Sassafras albidum A
Sympolcos tinctoria A
Taxodium distichum B
Ulmus americana mostly A/B
Vaccinium arboreum A, near sr
Shrubs
Alnus serrulata sr
Amorpha fruticosa sr
Aralia spinosa A
Arundinaria gigantea A
Callicarpa americana A
Cephalanthus occidentalis C
Clethra alnifolia mostly near sr
Cornus stricta B
Corylus americana A
Decodon verticillatus B
Euonymus americanus A, A/B
Gaylussacia dumosa A
G. frondosa A, esp. sl
Hibiscus moscheutos edge of C
Hydrangea arborescens A
Hypericum hypericoides A
Ilex glabra A
Itea virginica B, esp. A/B
Iva frutescens C, sr
Kosteletskya virginica sr
Leucothoe axillaris B, esp. A/B
Lindera benzoin mostly A/B
Lyonia lucida mostly A/B
Myrica heterophylla A
Rhus copallina sr
Rubus sp. A
197

Shrubs (continued)
Stewartia malacodendron A, esp. sl
Styrax grandifolia A
Vaccinium atrococcum A, mostly sl
Herbs
Agrimonia pubescens var.
microcarpa A
Amaranthus cannabinus sr
Aneilema keisak edge of C
Argemone albiflora A
Arisaema triphyllum mostly A/B
Asplenium platyneuron A
Athyrium asplenioides lower sl
Aureolaria virginica A
Boehmeria cylindrica B
Botrychium virginianum A
Brachyelytrum erectum A
Calystegia sepium sr
Carex spp. A,B,C
Centella asiatica sr
Chenopodium ambrosioides sr
Circaea lutetiana ssp.
canadensis A
Commelina virginica edge of C
Cuscuta sp. B
Desmodium glutinosum A
D. nudiflorum A
Dioscorea villosa A
Eleocharis albida C
Elephantopus carolinianus A
E. tomentosus A
Galax aphylla A, esp. sl
Galium circaezans A
G. pilosum A
G. triflorum A
G. uniflorum A
Geum canadense A
Goodyera pubescens A
Habaiaria clavellata B
Hexastylis arifolia A
Hieracium sp. A
Hydrocotyle verticillata B
Hypericum walteri edge of C
Impatiens capensis B
Iris virginica edge of C
Juncus roemerianus sr
Juncus sp. A
V. Tenellum A
Viburnum nudum mostly A/B
Yucca filamentosa sr
Kosteletskya virginica sr
Lactuca sp. A
Lilaeopsis chinensis C
Lobelia cardinalis B
Luzula acuminata A
Malaxis unifolia mostly sl
Matelea suberosa B
Medeola virginiana A, mostly sl
Melica mutica A
Melothria pendula edge of C
Mikania scandens edge of C
Mitchella repens A
Mollugo verticillata sr
Onoclea sensibilis lower sl
Osmunda cinnamomea A, esp..lower sl
0. regalis A,B
Oxalis sp(p) A
Panicum virgatum sr
P. sp. A
Peltandra virginica B
Phytolacca americana sr
Podophyllum peltatum A, esp. sl
Polygonatum biflorum A, esp. sl
Polygonum sp. B .
Polymnia uvedalia A
Polystichum acrostichoides A, esp. sl
Penanthes serpentaria A
Pteridium aquilinum A
Rumex verticillatus B
Sabatia calycina B
Samolus parviflrous B,C
Sagittaria sp. sr
Sanicula canadensis A
S. gregaria A
Saururus cernuus B
Scirpus americanus C
Scleria oligantha A
Sium suave B
Solidago caesia A
S. sempervirens sr
Spartina cynosuroides C
S. patens sr
198

Herbs (continued)
Spiranthes praecox A/B
Teucrium canadense edge of
Thelypteris hexagonoptera
A, mostly sl
T. noveboracensis lower sl
Tipularia discolor A
Tovara virginiana sl
Uniola laxa A
C Uvularia pudica A
Viola affinis B
Woodwardia areolata B, esp. A/B
W. virginica mostly A/B
Xanthium strumarium sr
Lianas
Ampelopsis arborea mostly near sr
Anisostichus capreolata A,B
Berchemia scandens B
Campsis radicans A,B
Decumaria barbara B
Gelsemium sempervirens A
Lonicera japonica A,B
L. sempervirens A
Epiphytes
Polypodium polypodioides A,B
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Dwarf salamander
Southern toad
Pine woods treefrog
Reptiles
Eastern mud turtle
Spotted turtle
Eastern box turtle
Carolina anole
Skink (Eumeces fasciatus
and/or E. inexpectatus)
Ground skink
Six -lined racerunner
Eastern glass lizard
Birds
Parthenocissus quinquefolia A
Rhus radicans A
Smilax bona-nox A
S. glauca A,B
S. laurifolia B
S. rotundifolia A
Vitis aestivalis A
V. rotundifolia A
Tillandsia usneoides mostly B
Squirrel treefrog
Bullfrog
Southern leopard frog
Black racer
("Greenish") Rat snake
Eastern kingsnake
Rough green snake
Eastern ribbon snake
Copperhead
Cottonmouth
Timber rattlesnake
KEY
PR=
Permanent
resident
SR=
Summer resident
T=
Transient
V=
Visitant
*=
Breeds or
probably breeds
Great blue heron
PR
Carolina chickadee
PR*
Green heron
SR*
Tufted titmouse
PR*
Turkey vulture
PR
White -breasted nuthatch
PR*
Red -shouldered hawk
PR*
Brown -headed nuthatch
PR*
Osprey
SR
Carolina wren
PR*
Mourning dove
PR*
Gray catbird
PR*
Yellow-bld. cuckoo
SR*
Wood thrush
SR*
199

Birds_ (continued)
Screech owl
PR*
Blue -gray gnatcatcher
SR*
Great horned owl
PR
White -eyed vireo
SR*
Barred owl
PR*
Yellow -throated vireo
SR*
Chuck-will's-widow
SR*
Red -eyed vireo
SR*
Ruby-thd. hummingbird
SR*
Prothonotary warbler
SR*
Belted kingfisher
PR*
Swainson's warbler
SR*
Common flicker
PR*
Northern parula
SR*
Red-bld. woodpecker
PR*
Yellow -throated warbler
SR*
Red-hd. woodpecker
SR?*
Blackpoll warbler
T
Hairy woodpecker
PR*
Pine warbler
PR*
Downy woodpecker
PR*
Ovenbird
SR*
Great cr. flycatcher
SR*
Kentucky warbler
SR*
Acadian flycatcher
SR*
Common yellowthroat
PR*
Eastern wood pewee
SR*
Hooded warbler
SR*
Rough -winged swallow
SR*
Common -grackle
PR?*
Barn swallow
V
Brown -headed cowbird
SR?*
Purple martin
V
Summer tanager
SR*
Blue jay
PR*
Cardinal
PR*
Fish crow
PR
Indigo bunting
SR*
(no common crows observed)
Rufous -sided towhee
PR*
Mammals
Opossum Southern flying squirrel
Eastern mole Eastern cottontail
Raccoon Whitetail deer
River Otter
Eastern gray squirrel
200

NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Reedy Branch Ponds
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Area of ponds in general vicinity of juntion of NCSR 1004 and
NCSR 1101 near Craven Co. -Jones Co. line. Area center is
ca. 35220N;7755OW
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): New Bern, N.C., 1:24,000
5. Size: Area containing ponds is ca. 720 acres; actual area of ponds is
a very small percentage of this
6. Elevation: 25'-40'
7. Access: Many of the ponds are easily accessible from NCSR 1004 and
NCSR 1101
E. Names of investigators: John 0. Fussell III, Charles B. McDonald
9. Date(s) of investigation: 15 May; 3 June; 10 June; 18 June (night trip);
8 July; 14 August; 1981
10. Priority rating: Medium
201

FAS TO c4LAP9360q_ Figure 41.
Access. Reedy Branch Ponds.
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Prose Description of Site:
Ponds and clusters of ponds that were surveyed are encircled in
Fig. 44. Much of the upland around the ponds was clearcut 10 or
more years ago and is now grown up in a dense stand of young Pinus
taeda.
The ponds can be divided into two categories.. 1) there are in-
dividual well-defined sinkholes, usually 50' across (some to 100-').
These may be distant from other ponds, or they may occur in clusters,
but with the individual sinkholes still separate and distinct.
Where they occur in clusters, they tend to average larger- about 100'
across. 2) Also, there are much larger ponds (up to 10 acres) that
may represent the coalescence of former individually distinct sink-
holes.
In early June, after the severe drought of spring, the individual
sinkholes were completely dry. This is probably rare. Later in July
and August, they were 2-3 feet deep in the center. One sinkhole that
was visited had no trees in it. Most had 1-2 Taxodium ascendens;
the larger sinkholes usually had about five. These were up to 60',
with a diameter above the base of about 14". The larger sinkholes
often had one or two smaller Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora. There
was virtually no herbaceous or aquatic vegetation, possibly because
of drought. Around the sinkholes is a narrow (about 20') border of
broadleaf evergreen shrubs, primarily Cyrilla racemiflora and Lyonia
lucida. This border may have been wider prior to the clearcut.
Deepest portions of the larger ponds were about 2' in early
June and 4' after heavy rains in mid -June and July. Trees in all
ponds surveyed, except one, had been cut over recently, perhaps
10-15 years ago. Typically there are a few Taxodium ascendens to
50'-60', and a thick growth of small Taxodium and Nyssa sylvatica
var. biflora to about 40'. There is virtually no shrub or aquatic
vegetation. Tillandsia usneoides is thick at some sites. These
ponds also usually have a border of shrubs dominated by Cyrilla
racemiflora and Lyonia lucida.
One of the large ponds near SR 1004 has not been cut recently
and has a notable stand of Taxodium ascendens. This was the only
site that is notable as a plant community and for which a natural
characteristic summary was prepared. The trees are 60'-70' tall
with an average diameter above the base of 14".
Two of the smaller examples of "coalesced ponds" at the SE
end of the area were filled, except for a narrow rim, with "pocosin
vegetation". This was mostly Cyrilla racemiflora and Lyonia lucida,
about 10' high, and covered with Smilax laurifolia.
203

Both the small and large ponds are important to several species
of toads and frogs. Frogs were abundant over the whole area the
night of 18 June, after a heavy thunderstorm.
The small ponds had virtually no "wetland" reptiles or birds.
Eastern mud turtles and cottonmouths were common in the larger
ponds. Commonest birds at the large ponds were prothonotary
warbler and northern parula. One river otter was seen near the
SE end of the area.
204

Figure 42. Small sinkhole.
Figure 43. Best stand of Taxodium ascendens in area. This pond
covers two acres.

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
The Reedy Branch Ponds are only of medium significance.
Sinkhole ponds are not uncommon in the Southeast. The Reedy
Branch Ponds are numerous, and fairly diverse -ranging from
individual sinkholes to apparent coalescences of sinkholes.
However, the -degree of past disturbance in and around the ponds
and virtual lack of significant plant communities detract
greatly.
The plant communities of the ponds are generally not of
significance. One notable stand of Taxodium ascendens was
found, which is of medium significance. The trees are large
for the species, about 70' tall and with an average diameter
above the base of 14". However, the area is small and suffers
from the degree of disturbance of the surrounding area.
Three animals of special designation were found. A pair
of red -shouldered hawks was present in the southeast corner of
the area. They probably nested over one of the large ponds.
Prothonotary warblers were common at all the large ponds.
Scat and tracks of a black bear were seen in the southeast
corner of the area. This was probably a visitant from the
extensive pocosin to the south. A river otter was seen in a
large pond in the southeast corner. This species has no special
designation but there is a general concern about otter populations
in many areas.
There might be some rare plant species in some of the ponds.
The small ponds should be re -checked during a spring when there
is no drought.
The pine barrens treefrog could occur here. Its known
range is only a few miles to the west. However, none were
found after a heavy thunderstorm on 18 June. The crawfish
frog may also occur here. The habitat appears to be suitable.
207

N
O
W
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Hap
Legend
b. Descri tion of significant feature
p g
c. Comparative assessment
—
Geologic feature.
Sinkhole ponds and larger ponds formed
by coalescences of sinkholes,
Medium significance. Such
features are not uncommon.
Study area has a large number
and variety of ponds. Virtual
lack of significant plant
communities detracts.
High quality wetland
A
Taxodium ascendens /// Tillandsia '
Medium significance. Nice stan
of pond cypress, but small in
plant community
usneoides
area.
Threatened species
Red -shouldered hawk
One pair present
Of special concern
Prothonotary warbler
Common
Of special concern
Black bear
Scat and tracks seen probably
a visitant from pocosin to south

Figure 44.
Significant features. Reedy
Branch Ponds.
r

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 100 %
Public %
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: Two
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
Hoerner Waldorf Corporation, New Bern, N.C. (includes most of area)
Theordore Hanes, P.O.Box 404, New Bern, N.C. 28560 (Owns small
area N of SR 1004)
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
None known
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown
210

18. Uses of natural area:
Currently, the primary use is high -intensity forestry,
of both the upland and Tsxodium - Nyssa.
The area is also leased to a local hunting club.
Hunting is probably primarily for deer, which are very
common.
29, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 20 %
b. Agricultural land
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 70 %
d. developed 10 $
Cat * % *Description of preservation status
6 100
21. Regulatory protections in force:
Probably none
211

22. Threats:
Probably the major threat to the remaining values of this area
is that the tract will be converted to a residential area. Residential
development would be totally incompatible with the biological values of
the ponds and adjacent areas, eg. habitat for a diversity and abundance
of amphibians, and species such as black bear, river otter, red -
shouldered hawk, etc. Timber operations would be a threat in the
future.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
The future seems dim for this area. Perhaps the Forest Service
could acquire it, possibly by trade. Opportunities for such trades
will undoubtedly occur in this area in the future.
Perhaps the major owner would like to continue high -intensity
forestry. If he is subjected to higher taxes because of adjacent
development, he might consider granting conservation easements for
the pond areas if that brought about any reduction in taxes.
212

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT -A
Community type: Taxodium ascendens /// Tillandsia usneoides
Community cover type: Taxodium ascendens
General habitat feature: Blackwater swamp (formed of coalesced sinks)
Average canopy height: 60'-70'
Estimated age of canopy trees: 100 years
Canopy cover: Open
Estimated size of community: Two acres
Successional stage: Topoedaphic climax
Sere type: Hydropelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): None
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover'or
community type (but not dominant): A few Nyssa sylvatica var.
biflora
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): None
213

24b. Soil Summary (by community type) CT -A
Soil series: Unknown
Soil classification:
Soil association:
pH class:
Source of information:
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type) CT -A
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Intermittently exposed
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Drainage basin: Trent River
Hydrology characterization: A very poorly drained, intermittently
exposed, interaqueous palustrine system, wetted by flooding and
rains
214

24d. Topography Summary CT -A
Landform: Coalescence of sinkholes
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: N/A
Prof ile : N/A
Surface patterns: N/A
Position: N/A
215

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area:
Topoedaphic climax community in coalescence of sinkholes
in the Trent River drainage system in the Embayed Section of
the Coastal Plain province of the Atlantic Plain.
Geological Formation: Yorktown formation
Geological Formation age: Pleistocene
References Cited: Stuckey, J. L. and W. G. Steel. 1953. Geology
and Mineral Resources of North Carolina. N.C. Geol. Surv. Ed.
Series No. 3.
216

26. Summary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Red -shouldered hawk
Species legal status and authority: Threatened in North Carolina
(Cooper, et al., 1977)
Number of populations on site: At least one
Number of individuals per population: Two
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adults
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative %
flowering $
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: None immediate
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Whole area
Topography:
Soil Series:
Microclimate:
Drainage basin:
Other plants and animal species present:
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
217

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Trees
Acer rubrum
Liquidambar styraciflua
Magnolia virginiana
Myrica cerifera
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
Shrubs
Arundinaria gigantea
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Clethra alnifolia
Cyrilla racemiflora
Decodon verticillatus
Ilex glabra
Itea virginica
Herbs
Carex sp.
Dulichium arundinaceum
Hypericum walteri
Lycopus virginicus
Osmunda cinnamomea
Panicum sp.
Polygonum sp.
Aquatics
Nymphoides aquatica
Lianas
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Smilax glauca
Epiphytes
Polypodium polypodioides
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Oak toad
Southern toad
Southern cricket frog
Green treefrog
Barking treefrog
Reptiles
Eastern mud turtle
Turtle (Chrysemys sp.)
Ground skink
Six —lined racerrunner
Persea borbonia
Quercus laurifolia
Q. nigra
Salix caroliniana
Taxodium ascendens
Kalmia angustifolia var. caroliniana
Leucothoe axillaris
L. racemosa
Lyonia ligustrina
L. lucida
Rubus sp.
Vaccinium corymbosum
Pontederia cordata
Rhexia mariana
Scirpus cyperinus
Sclerolepis uniflora
Woodwardia areolata
W. Virginica
Utricularia inflata
S. laurifolia
S. rotundifolia
Tillandsia usneoides
Squirrel treefrog
Bullfrog
Green frog
Southern leopard frog
Eastern narrowmouth toad
Black racer
("Greenish") Rat snake
Cottonmouth
218

Birds
KEY PR= Permanent resident
SR= Summer resident
*= Breeds or probably breeds at site
Great blue heron
PR
Carolina wren
PR*
Green heron
SR*
Blue -gray gnatcatcher
SR*
Red -shouldered hawk
PR*
White -eyed vireo
SR*
Yellow -billed cuckoo
SR*
Prothonotary warbler
SR*
Barred owl
PR
Northern parula
SR*
Chuck-will's-widow
SR*
Common yellowthroat
PR*
Pileated woodpecker
PR
Common grackle
SR?*
Great crested flycatcher
SR*
Cardinal
PR*
Acadian flycatcher
SR*
Rufous -sided towhee
PR*
Mammals
Black bear (scat and
River otter (one seen)
tracks seen)
Whitetail deer (common)
Raccoon
219

NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Brice Creek
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Ca. 2-12 miles S of New Bern
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): New Bern, N.C., 1:24,000; Havelock, N.C.
1:24,000; Maysville, N.C., 1:62,500
5. Size: Ca. 1,500 acres
6. 'Elevation: 0-20 feet
7. Access: Easily accessible at some points on State and Forest Service
roads. Other points accessible only by boat.
E. Names of investigators: John 0. Fussell III
9. Date(s) of investigation: 26 May; 3,10,18 June; 8 July; 1981
10. Priority rating: Medium
220

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so or.
PAS Figure 45.
Access. Brice Creek.
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11A. Prose Description of Site:
Brice Creek is a low elevation blackwater stream that drains
pocosins, swamp forests, and sylvicultural lands in and in the
vicinity of Croatan National Forest. The stream flow is sluggish.
The lower reaches of the stream are probably sometimes influenced
by slight wind tides from the adjacent Neuse River estuary. Except
near the mouth, there is little human habitation near the stream.
Also, there is little agriculture along the stream.
During this study, I considered those portions of the stream
from the mouth upstream to include the east and west forks down-
stream of SR 1100 and US Forest Service Road 121-2 respectively.
At first, my primary emphasis was on slope areas along the stream,
especially the possibility of rich mesic sites and/or marl outcrops.
However, no such areas were found. Mr. Andy Goodwin, USDA:SCS, New
Bern, says there are no marl outcrops along Brice Creek.
Along most of the stream, there are swamp forests. Toward
the stream mouth these begin to grade into a shrub swamp. The
swamp forests are very "scruffy" and cut over. At the sites
visited, Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora and Taxodium distichum
are dominant. However, they are rather sparse and small, about
50' high with an average DBH less than 12". There is usually a
thick low understory of small Fraxinus sp. and Acer rubrum.
Leucothoe axillaris forms a shrub layer at some sites, and
Saururus cernuus and Woodwardia areolata often make up an herb
layer. Toward the river mouth, the Nyssa and Taxodium become
more widely spaced and the vegetation .is lower. Species such
as Myrica cerifea become more common.
Southern leopard frogs and cottonmouths were the most
commonly encountered herps. Prothonotary warblers and northern
parulas were common along most of the stream.
222

Figure 46. Brice Creek. View from U. S. Forest Service road
at Farrior Farm Boat Ramp.

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
During this survey, no high -quality plant communities were
found. Apparently the swamp forests are cutover rather heavily
for the entire length of the stream. A field survey of all the
slope areas along the northern half of the stream might turn up
some mesic sites of interest. N.C. Natural Heritage files list
the collection of'Arenaria odfre
yi(endangered throughout) at
the mouth of Brice Creek in 1951. This species is found at marl
outcrops. Some residential development has since occurred. Field
surveys in 1981 failed to relocate the plant.
The major significance of Brice Creek is that it, and the
adjacent corridor of wetlands, are generally intact, with little
human development adjacent to the stream. The whole system is
probably quite free of pollutants and provides a significant
area of wetland habitat.
Three animals of special designation were found during this
study. Red -shouldered hawks (threatened) were found along the
entire length of the stream. Nesting is probably widespread.
Prothonotary warblers (of special concern) and Swainson's warblers
(of special concern) also occur along the entire stream, and both
breed. An adult and flightless young Swainson's warbler were
seen at "Farrior Farm" boat ramp. The prothonotary warbler
is common. The Swainson's warbler is uncommon.
The Arenaria godfreyi cited previously may be extirpated.
Natural Heritage files also list the collection of Isoetes riparia
(peripheal threatened) at the mouth of Brice Creek in 1951.
Habitat for this species may occur at a small marsh at the creek
mouth and the species may still be present. The osprey (of
special concern) feeds along the creek and may nest along it.
The American alligator (endangered) may also occur in Brice Creek;
there is much suitable habitat. Black bears (of special concern)
undoubtedly occur along parts of the creek, at least occasionally.
225

12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Map
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
Aquatic feature
Brice Creek and adjacent wetlands
Creek is unpolluted and intactwith virtually no human develo
went along it. However, plant
communities not exemplary.
Special habitat
N ssa sylvatica-Taxodium distichum/
The large corridor of generally
cernuus-Woodwardia areolata
tat for a large number of anima
Threatened species
Red -shouldered hawk
Occurs throughout area
Of special concern
Swainson's warbler
Throughout area; is uncommon
Of special concern
Prothonotary warbler
Throughout area; is common

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fo�a n s_> Figure 48.
Significant features. Brice
mBridge j;, n
�. bKRN Creek ( southern section) .
17 PIRE D1Jck ",t.
(\ _ +�" y union
Pt �` ASHEVILLE
` J l01j.'�- ` Pt S .*b 7° rFcc nao RAL_EIGH i" -
\ / 1�1 NORT.HCA ROL•Itd'
J i.NE s � i� -\I �T/enJ ! ��' r .,,: J.•4� � �7U ;�.
p III(\� ` {71iJ.el J
Jtlmosr City CIIOATAN f
+ N.I
Meiji Ce E•�E
'jLl 1
��
C
19
LIGHT
n\ ll\ it �' MST 1,• ('8 2 f t�.,J. , 7J
11m morons Noff ��;i,,,, 'a � Bay Pt fir . . rr •�� • Natio
II 1 iiil. N tJ I/ 1 U Ai,porf; owlAn �,r f-,... Pave
$lrrt't.aii.i' �� A
0 u8 a! 3 ry Try Mocot hi s r�hr4 ! AII: W
,Jyr�7 l�•.G s \iQoaGt. , Dirt
yy
\\ r •�ii f ARM 70 f a; { FIr< fit L L Q1• ,msaa Primi
\ , u an F3 sa < t os
IS � - Trall:
\� ur,• "3 it Johnson Pt n , 4Vr§
u �.. f '.r•. rlt..�*tZ1.(~"ii}`r,,��?�4f L.�'1'r {--'�•- �Rallr
- p s -, Horiz
EEia o`1. j/ ;,.• f Z ,yJy_ , J` JM�, i[ y,,t,y « Ja,,7itc HOriz
O "zi\�',1-rve,0ak'Pt ,a
f 1101 + r3, I,- , ey 7
I c r.• a\ x +;• r a•,,,Mw a, c a r LOOk
- 1` a .� KendallrP7 {c ,
f •- j�/ ;' a �f v 1," ir,!`•fyt�+,t�. .1 i1 slit y,lt- f s,.1 f - , I Z Pores
G / . v (i 1 t �A °MVrtl Marsh
P2 J �J f Distri
" l ,i � ,f' �O C e' ,. ; ,.. - t � a 4 X >: �� � ; f j ,t ..5 q v. .•,�sri .+�- -
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t / lAl Flshet Landing «};de`� 1 7�k j4ts'f Ft( }�! i t
f:ci 0'. Vol
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NELISE RIVER t /. 1 �1� yi •thy�a S r
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'f 5,1A.
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,r.
y
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QeQ - 1 C� - _ . /. =o r'; r *. vSs s`_ �i r?ni`i. `is
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Chem Point
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I FFS
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m
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xLonDr•Laker
228

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 70 %
Public 30 %
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: Three major owners
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
Numerous owners, but for the majority of the river, there are three:
USDA, Forest Service. Croatan National Forest.
International Paper Co., P.O. Box 2905, New Bern, N.C. 28560
Weyerhaeuser, Inc. P.O. Box 787, Plymouth, N.C. 27692.
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
Mr. Andy Goodwin, USDA:SCS, New Bern, N.C., 28560
Dr. G. William Link, Jr., Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City.
N.C. 28557. (Is knowledgeable about fishes of the creek)
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown
229

18. Uses of natural area:
North of SR 1101, there is much fishing and recreational boating.
The swamp forests are used for timber production.
There is some hunting of wood ducks and probably some trapping.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 25 %
b. Agricultural land 10
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 60 %
d. developed 5 %
Cat
*
*Description of preservation status
6
70
3
30
21. Regulatory protections in force:
Much of the lower creek is within jurisdiction of CAMA. P
of fill material in any of the wetlands requires a permit the U.S.
Army, Corps of Engineers.
230

22. Threats:
Taking into consideration the major values of Brice Creek,
the ownership of most of the stream system and adjacent uplands,
and the fact that the swamp forests are already cut over, there
are no major immediate threats to the Brice Creek system.
Significant development along the stream is very unlikely during
this century.
One possible threat is the increased ditching for adjacent
sylvicultural lands, which will undoubtedly lead to increased
run-off into Brice Creek. This will be detrimental to the stream
system and also to the Neuse River estuary.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
As stated above, there are no major immediate threats to the
area. Current laws, if they are enforced,will preserve the
general integrity of the Brice Creek system.
231

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary
Community type: Nyssa s lv� atica-Taxodium distichum/Fraxinus sp.-Acer
rubrum/Saururus cernuus-Woodwar is arco ata
Community cover type: Nyssa sylvatica-Taxodium distichum
General habitat feature: Gum -cypress swamp forest
Average canopy height: 50 ft.
Estimated age of canopy trees: 35 years
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 1500 acres
Successional stage: Transient
Sere type: Pelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Salix caroliniana, Liquidambar styraciflua,
uercus laurifolia, g. ni ra
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Cyrilla racemiflora, Alnus
serrulata, Itea virginica, Leucothoe axillaris
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Osmunda regalis, Hypericum walteri, Peltandra
virginica, Samolus parviflorus
232

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Unknown
Soil classification:
Soil association: Kenansville-Lakeland for lower part of stream
Lenoir -Leaf -Craven for upper part of stream
pH class:
Source of information: Phillips, J.A., et al., 1977. Soil
associationsof the coastal area management region. Coastal
Resources Commission, DNRCD, Raleigh.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Riverine
Hydrologic subsystem: Lower perennial
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Semipermanently flooded
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Drainage basin: Trent River
Hydrology characterization: This is a poorly drained, semipermanently
flooded, fresh water, riverine system
233

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Creek and alluvial floodplain
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Smooth
Position: N/A
234

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area: This is a transient
community of a pelosere occupying the channel and floodplain of a
blackwater creek in the Trent River drainage system of the Coastal
Plain Province of the Atlantic Plain.
Geological Formation: Talbot terrace
Geological Formation age: Quaternary
References Cited: Stuckey, J. L. and S. G. Conrad. 1958.
Explanatory text for geologic map of North Carolina.
North Carolina Geologic Survey Bull. 71.
235

26. Su;runary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Red -shouldered hawk
Species legal status and authority: Threatened in North Carolina
(Cooper, et al., 1975)
Number of populations on site: Several
Number of individuals per population: Two -three
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adults present
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative %
flowering %
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Probably good
Disturbance or threats to population: None immediate
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Nyssa sylvatica-Taxodium distichum/Fraxinus sp.-
Acer rubrum/Saururus cernuus-Woodwardia areolata
Topography: Flat
Soil .Association: Lenoir -Leaf -Craven
Microclimate: Wet
Drainage basin: Trent River
Other plants and animal species present:
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY NgiRKED.
236

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Trees
Acer rubrum Persea borbonia
Carpinus caroliniana Pinus taeda
Fraxinus sp. Quercus laurifolia
Ilex opaca Q. michauxii
Liquidambar styraciflua Q. nigra
Liriodendron tulipifera Salix caroliniana
Morus rubra Taxodium distichum
Myrica cerifera Ulmus americana
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
Shrubs
Alnus serrulata Itea virginica
Arundinaria gigantea Leucothoe axillaris
Baccharis halimifolia L. racemosa
Boehmeria cylindrica Lyonia ligustrina
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. lucida
Cornus stricta Sabal minor
Cyrilla racemiflora Vaccinium corymbosum
Decodon verticillatus V. elliottii
Euonymus americanus
Herbs
Arisaema triphyllum
Lycopus virginicus
Athyrium asplenioides
Matelea suberosa
Carex spp.
Mikania scandens
Cicuta maculata
Osmunda cinnamomea
Cuscuta sp.
0. regalis
Dulichium arundinaceum
Peltandra virginica
Galium tinctorium
Polygonum hydropiperoides
Houstonia caerulea
Rumex vertillatus
Hydrocotyle umbellate
Sabatia calycina
H. verticillata
Sagittaria sp.
Hypericum walteri
Samolus parviflorus
Hypoxis hirsuta
Saururus cernuus
Impatiens capensis
Sparganium americanum
Iris virginica
Spiranthes praecox
Lobelia cardinalis
Typha latifolia
L. nuttallii
Viola papilionacea
Luzula echinata
Woodwardia areolata
Lianas
Ampelopsis arborea Rhus radicans
Anisostichus capreolata Smilax laurifolia
Berchemia scandens S. rotundifolia
Campsis radicans S. walteri
Decumaria barbara Vitis aestivalis
Lonicera japonica V. rotundifolia
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
WYl

Epiphytes
Phoradendron serotinum
Polypodium polypodioides
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Southern toad
Squirrel treefrog
Bullfrog
Reptiles
Snapping turtle
Eastern mud turtle
Turtle (Chrysemys sp.)
Carolina anole
Redbelly water snake
Tillandsia usneoides
Green frog
Southern leopard frog
Banded water snake
Rough green snake
Eastern ribbon snake
Copperhead
Cottonmouth
Birds
KEY PR= Permanent resident
SR= Summer resident
*= Breeds or probably breeds
Great blue heron
PR
Red -bellied woodpecker
PR*
Green heron
SR*
Downy woodpecker
PR*
Wood duck
PR*
Great crested flycatcher
SR*
Turkey vulture
PR
Acadian flycatcher
SR*
Red -shouldered hawk
PR*
Blue jay
PR*
Yellow -billed cuckoo
SR*
Carolina chickadee
PR*
Barred owl
PR*
Tufted titmouse
PR*
Belted kingfisher
PR
White -breasted nuthatch
PR*
Pileated woodpecker
PR*
Carolina wren
PR*
Wood thrush
SR*
Pine warbler
PR*
Blue -gray gnatcatcher
SR*
Ovenbird
SR*
White -eyed vireo
SR*
Common yellowthroat
PR*
Yellow -throated vireo
SR*
Hooded warbler
SR*
Red -eyed vireo
SR*
Common grackle
SR?*
Prothonotary warbler
SR*
Summer tanager
SR*
Swainson's warbler
SR*
Cardinal
PR*
Northern parula
SR*
Indigo bunting
SR*
Yellow throated warb.
SR*
Mammals
Opossum Marsh rabbit
Raccoon Whitetail deer
Eastern gray squirrel
238

NATURhL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Duck Creek Sand Ridge, Pocosin, and Bay System.
2. County: Craven
3. Location: From the jct. of NC 55 and st. rd. 1600, proceed south on st.
rd. 1600 for .8 mi., then turn right onto an unimproved road that enters
the area. 25053ON76580OW
4. Topographic quadrangle(s):Upper Broad Creek, N. C., 1:24,000; New Bern,
N. C., 1:24,000
5. Size: 3176
6. Elevation: 0-20 feet
7. Access: By foot from st. rd. 1600 or by car if entry can be gained
through a locked gate. By boat from the Neuse River and Duck Creek.
E. Names of investigators: Charles B. McDonald and Andrew N. Ash
9. Date(s) of investigation: June 3, 1981 and July 2, 1981
10. Priority rating: Medium
239

Fig. 49.
Access. Duck Creek Sand Ridge,
Ir
�O Pocosin and Bay System b
tr
d
1,
r
V
. R
3
W
Z
4

11A. Prose Description of Site:
This area is a mosaic of three intergrading communities. The
most extensive is a young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest. In
some places the pines are relatively dense while in others they are
somewhat scattered permitting the development of a subcanopy of
sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and waxmyrtle (Myrica cerifera)
and a shrub layer of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and huckleberries
(Gaylussacia spp.). Many of the loblolly pines appear to be growing
rather slowly due to relatively poor drainage. There is some slope
although gradual so the poor drainage is probably more a function
of the soil's poor internal drainage, high water table, or both
than it is an absence of adequate relief. Since this community
grades imperceptably_into pocosin, mapping the boundary between
these communities requires a good deal of speculation and may be
somewhat less than truly accurate.
The second most extensive community is a relatively typical
pocosin consisting of scattered pond pines (Pinus serotina) and
dense shrubs. There appear to be two different patterns of pocosin
development, either within Carolina bays or on poorly drained flats.
The bays are easily detected by their oval outlines. Both the
loblolly pine community and the pocosin have been logged within
the last 20 years. This left numerous logging trails that are still
detectable and in addition many other trails are being maintained
by a hunting club. As a result, the area is much more open than
would normally be expected.
The third and most restricted community is a longleaf pine -
turkey oak -wire grass (Pinus palustris- uercus laevis-Aristida
stricta) assemblage that has developed on relict dune ridges. This
community seems the least disturbed of any in the area. The canopy
trees are about 55 years old, relatively scattered, and there is
some but not excessive longleaf pine regeneration. The turkey oaks
tend to occur in small stands rather than evenly scattered. Although
wire grass is the dominant herb, there is a good deal of other herb
level cover with the most prominant species being bracken fern
(p teridium aquilinum•), huckleberries (Gaylussacia frondosa, G.
dumosa), blueberry (Vaccinium tenellum) and wintergreen (Gaultheria
procumbens).
241

Figure 50. Longleaf pine -turkey oak community on sand ridge.
Figure 51. Open savannahs grade into pocosin in small bays
throughout the area.

Figure 52. Longleaf pine in its grass stage.
Figure 53. Longleaf pine in its candelabra stage.

�, .� -
•. .� •.
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F .�" ��'
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11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
This is a large area with only limited access. Soil character-
istics appear to make it relatively unsuitable for row crop agri-
culture or pine plantation. As -such the area is ideal as a wild-
life sanctuary for it offers a diversity of habitats from river
shore to pocosin to sand ridge. Although we did not see any sign
of black bear(Ursus americanus) the area is large enough and
sufficiently isolated to provide ideal habitat and we suspect
that they are present. The endangered peripheral species,
Rhynchospora alba was found growing in a trail in the northern
part of the area. Although this species is also found in most
other low pocosins this population had the greatest concentration
of individual plants that we have seen.
246

N
V
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Map
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
Wildlife sanctuary
Entire area
One of the largest contiguous
tracts of relatively inaccess-
able land in Craven County.
Geologic/Geomorphic Feature
CT-1CT-1
Pinus palustris/ uercus laevis/
Arigtidn strirta
A well developed sand ridge
system
Endan ered PeriRheral
a
Rhynchospora alba
A mountain -coastal plain dis-
junct that grows in bogs.
Coastal plain populations are
rare. This is the greatest
concentration of individuals
that we have ever observed in
one spot.

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Lecal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 100 %
Public €
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: 3
15. Name(s) of owners) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
1. K. W. and C. Ward 2. W. F. and K. Ward 3. International Paper Co:
P. 0. Box 1188 P. 0. Box 1188 P. 0. Box 2905
New Bern, N.C. 28560 New Bern, N.C. 28560 New Bern, N.C. 28560
(See Appendix A, Ownership map)
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
17. .'attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown
249

18. Uses of natural area: Most of the area was logged about 20 years
ago and is now regenerating in trees and shrubs. The area is
leased to a hunting club and they are maintaining numerous trails
that are about the width that would be made bya "brush hog"
attachment on a tractor.
19. Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 70 %
b. Agricultural land 0 %
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry 0 %
d. developed 30
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
6
100
21. Regulatory protections in force:
250

22. Threats: Increased development of adjacent lands, excess hunting, and
logging of longleaf pines on sand ridges.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation: Restrict access and control
hunting. Prevent logging.
251

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT 1
Community type: Pinus palustris/ uercus laevis/Aristida stricta
Community cover type: Pinus palustris
General habitat feature: Sand Ridge
Average canopy height: •50 ft.
Estimated age of canopy trees: 55 years
Canopy cover: Open
Estimated size of community: 95 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Psammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Pinus taeda, Pinus serotina
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Quercus incana, Q. margaretta,
Diospyros virginiana, Gaylussacia frondosa, G. dumosa
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium crassifolium,
Gaultheria procumbens
252

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Leon Sand
Baymeade Sand
Soil classification: Sandy siliceous thermic aeric haplaquods
Loamy siliceous thermic arenic hapludults
Soil association:Kureb-Baymeade-Rimini
pH class: very strongly acid
medium acid
Source of information: Craven County interim SCS soil maps.
Phillips, J. A., et al. 1977. Soil associations of the coastal area
management region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD, Raleigh.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system:Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Dry-xeric
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime:Nontidal, Intermittently flooded
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Drainage basin:Neuse River
fydrology characterization: This is a somewhat excessively drained,
intermittently flooded, fresh water, relict dune system.
253

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Relict dunes
Shelter: Open
Aspect: Northeast/Southwest
Slope Angle: gently sloping
Profile: Convex
Surface patterns: Smooth
Position: Entire slope
254

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT 2
Community type: Pinus serotina/Cyrilla racemiflora-Lyonia lucida/
Woodwardia virginica
Community cover type: Pinus serotina
General habitat feature: Pocosin
Average canopy height: 35 feet
Estimated age of canopy trees: 40 years
Canopy cover: Open
Estimated size of community: 877 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Psammosere for bays
Pelosere for flats
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Acer rubrum
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Magnolia virginiana, Persea borbonea,
Ilex lglabra, I. coriacea, Clethra alnifolia, Myrica cerifera
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Sphagnum sp.
255

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Ponzer-Dare Mucks
Murville fine sand
Soil classification: Loamy mixed dysic Thermic Terric Medisaprists
Dysic thermic typic medisaprists
Sandy siliceous thermic typic haplaquods
Soil association: Belhaven-Ponzer-Wasda
pH class: extremely to strongly acid
Source of information: Craven County interim SCS Soil maps. J. A.
Phillips et. al. 1977. Soil Association of the coastal area
management region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD, Raleigh.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Nontidal-seasonally flooded
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A poorly drained, seasonally flooded,
fresh water, palustrine system.
256

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Upland flats and Carolina bay depressions
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat and concave
Surface patterns: hummocky
Position: N/A
257

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary CT 3
Community type: Pinus taeda/Liquidambar styraciflua-M rica cerifera/
Vaccinium spp./Pteridium aquilinum
Community cover type: Pinus taeda
General habitat feature: Poorly drained upland pinewoods
Average canopy height: 35 ft.
Estimated age of canopy trees: 20 years
Canopy cover: closed
Estimated size of community: 2204 acres
Successional stage: Transient
Sere type: Pelosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Pinus serotina, Quercus ni ra
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): Persea borbonea, Rhus copallina,
Vaccinium sp.,
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Arundinaria gigantea, Osmunda regalis
258

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Murville fine sand
Soil classification: Sandy siliceous thermic typic haplaquods
Soil association: Murville-Seagate-Leon
pH class: Very strongly acid
Source of information: Craven County iterim SCS soil maps. Phillips,
J. A. et. al. 1977. Soil Associations of the coastal area management
region. Coastal Resources Commission. DNRCD, Raleigh.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Wet
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Nontidal-Saturated
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A somewhat poorly drained, saturated,
fresh water, terrestrial system
259

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Upland flat
Shelter: Open
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Smooth
Position: N/A
260

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area: Subclimax to climax
communities of a psammosere or pelosere on a gently sloping to
undulating system of relict dunes, swales, and Carolina bays in
Neuse River drainage of the Coastal Plain province of the Atlantic
Plain
Geological Formation: Talbot terrace
Geological Formation age: Quaternary
References Cited: Stuckey, J. L. and S. G. Conrad. 1958.
Explanatory text for geologic map of
North Carolina. North Carolina Geologic
Survey Bulletin 71.
261

26. Suz4nary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Rhynchospora alba
Species legal status and authority: Endangered peripheral. Cooper,
J. E. , S. A. Robinson, and J. B. Funderburg, 1977. Endangered and
threatened plants and animals of North Carolina.
Number of populations on site: 1
Number of individuals per population: numerous
Size or Maturity of individuals: Flowering and Fruiting specimens
observed
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative $ 5
flowering $ 60
fruiting % 35
General vigor of population: excellent
Disturbance or threats to population: none
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: In a trail at edge of Pinus serotina/Cyrilla
racemiflora-Lyonia lucida/Woodwardia virginica
Topography: Flat
Soil Series:
Microclimate: Almost permanently wet; open.
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: See species list for
members of CT's 2 and 3
AERIAL OR DETAILED MAPS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MARKED.
262

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Numbers correspond to the community type mapped
Trees
Acer rubrum 2
Diospyros virginiana 1,3
Ilex opaca 3
Liquidambar styraciflua 3
Magnolia virginiana 2
Nyssa sylvatica 1,2
Persea borbonea 2,3
Finus palustris 1
Shrubs
Amelanchier obovalis 2
Clethra alnifolia 2
Cyrilla racemiflora 1,2
Gaylussacia dumosa 1,3
G. Frondosa 1,2
Ilex coriacea 1,2
I. glabra 2
Kalmia angustifolia 2
Herbs
Amianthium muscaetoxicum 3
Aristida stricta 1,3
Arundinaria gigantea 3
Aster linariifolius 1
Aster paternus 1
Bonamia humistrata 1,3
Carphephorus bellidifolius 1
Circium sp. 1
Clitoria mariana 3
Galactia regularis 1
Gaultheria procumbens 1
Hypericum reductum 1
Ilex glabra 3
Lachnanthes caroliniana 3
Lespedeza capitata 1
Llianas
Smilax bona-nox 3
S. laurifolia 2
P. serotina 1,2,3
P. taeda 1,3
Quercus incana 1,3
Q. laevis 1
Q. margaretta 1
Q. nigra 3
Q. stellata 3
Lyonia lucida 2,3 .
Myrica cerifera 1,2,3
M. heterophylla 1
Rhus copallina 3
Sorbus arbutifolia 2
Vaccinium tenellum 1
Vaccinium sp. 3
Lilium catesbaei 3
Osmunda cinnamomea 3
0. regalis 2,3
Pteridium aquilinum 1,3
Rhynchospora albs 3
Sabatia difformis 1,3
Sphagnum sp. 2
Stipulicida setacea 1
Tradescantia rosea 1
Vaccinium crassifolium 1,2
Woodwardia virginica 2
Xyris caroliniana 1
263

ANIMALS:
Reptiles
Eastern hognose snake (Heterodon platyrihinos)
Eastern kingsnake (Lampropeltis etulus etulus)
Birds
Common bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) PR*
Mourning dove (Zenaidu macroura) PR*
Common flicker (Colaptes auratus) PR*
Hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus) PR*
Blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) PR*
Brown -headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla) PR*
Gray catbird .(Dumetella carolinensis) PR*
Prarie warbler (Dendroica discolor) SR*
Common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) SR*
Red -winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) PR*
Summer tanager (Piranga rubra) SR*
Slate -colored junco (Junco hyemalis) WR*
Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) PR*
Rufous -sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) PR*
Mammals
Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)
Raccoon(Procyon lotor)
Bobcat (L nM rufus)
Whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
(Key)
PR -Permanent resident
SR -Summer resident
WR-Winter resident
*-Breeds or probably
breeds in area
264

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NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Gum Swamp Bottomland Hardwood Forest
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Section of forest that lies SW of the section of For. Ser. Rd.
156-1 that is 1.0-1.4 mi from NCSR 1100. At 1.25 mi from NCSR 1100,
the forest abutts 156-1. Area center is approx. 345626N765849W
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Havelock, N.C., 1:24,000
5. Size: 40 acres
6. Elevation: 24'-27'
7. Access: Easily accessible from Forest Service Road 156-1 at a point
1.25 miles from NCSR 1100.
E. Names of investigators: John 0. Fussell III
9. Date(s) of investigation: 15 and 27 May, 8 July, 14 August; 1981
10. Priority rating: Medium
266

Figure 56.
Access. Gum Swamp Bottomland
\ Hardwood Forest
A
11
FRO
O

1l_z�. Prose Description of Site:
This tract of forest lies SW of the section of US Forest Service
Road 156-1 that is 1.0-1.4 miles from NCSR 1100. At 1.25 miles, the
forest abuts the road. This area is nearly flat, with a very slight
elevational decline from NE to SW, toward the East Prong of Brice's
Creek.
In the growing season, the soil is apparently moist, but rarely
wet. In August 1981, after six inches of rain associated with Tropical
Storm Dennis, the ground surface was wet, with pools of shallow water
over much of the area.
The vegetation is near the "mesic limit" of the term bottomland
forest (Weakley 1980). The canopy is dominated by Quercus michauxii
at some sites, but generally by a mixture of species including Q.
michauxii, Q. ni ra, Q. laurifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, and
Liriodendron tulipif era (the latter species mostly toward the NW).
The average canopy height is about 80'. Average DBH of canopy trees
is about 18" over the area but in a 300' strip running SW from 156-1
it is 20" or more. However, no extremely large trees were seen.
Largest DBH's measured were: uercus michauxii - 35", Q. ni ra - 34",
Liquidambar styraciflua - 36", Pinus taeda - 35", Liriodendron
tulipifera - 28". Old stumps over much of the area retlect past
logging. However, no stumps were found in the strip of largest trees.
Within this strip, a Pinus taeda with a 30" DBH was cored and found
to be 70 years old. Probably many of the hardwoods are over 100 years.
The understory is well -developed. It is comprised of a mixture
of species at most sites primarily Quercus michauxii, Q. ni ra,
Q. laurifolia, and Acer rubrum. Over most of the area, there are
no shrub or herb layers. At some sites, there are dense patches of
very low Leucothoe axillaris and at other sites, a thick cover of
Thelypteris noveboracensis. Also common are Woodwardia areolata
and Woodwardia virginica. There is a very low diversity of herbaceous
species.
Southern toads and Eastern box turtles were the most frequently
encountered herps. Common breeding birds are red -bellied woodpecker,
a.cadian flycatcher, carolina chickadee, tufted titmouse, blue -gray
gnatcatcher, red -eyed vireo, prothonotary warbler and hooded warbler.
Eastern gray squirrels and whitetail deer are common. A black bear
was seen crossing 156-1; bears are reportedly fairly common in this
region.

i1B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
The major significance of this tract is the size and maturity
of the trees as well as the structural maturity of the forest. This
is especially true of the 300' wide strip cited above, where there
is no evidence of logging in the recent past. Within Croatan National
Forest, this is probably the most mature example of "near-mesic
bottomland forest". Forests in this moisture range are likely to be
converted to pine silviculture.
There are five species of special designation: threatened, red -
shouldered hawk; of special concern, prothonotary warbler, black -
throated green warbler, black bear; of undetermined status, black -
and -white warbler. At least one pair of red -shouldered hawks was
present in the tract and they probably breed within it or on ad-
jacent land, but no nest was seen. Prothonotary warblers are a
common breeder throughout the tract. At least five territorial
male black -throated green warblers were present in late May. One
was near 156-1; the other four were along the SW edge of the tract.
The general Great Lake - Long Lake and Lake Ellis region is the
population center of this species for the central coastal region
of the state. One black bear was seen. The general Great Lake -
Long Lake - Lake Ellis region is reportedly a population center
of this species. One pair of black -and -white warblers was found
in the strip of largest trees. This species is an uncommon to
rare breeding species in southeastern Craven County, which is at
the southeastern limit of its range.
271

N
J
N
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
�'ap
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
p g
c. Comparative assessment
High qua ity wetland
plant community
rhroughout,
Mixed bottomland oaks -mixed bottomland
hardwoods/mixed bottomland oak
Probably the most mature area
of bottomland hardwoods in
transgressives
Croatan National Forest.
Very large tree
specimens
A
Large individual trees characteristic
of bottomland
Most mature stand in Croatan
National Forest
Threatened species
Red -shouldered hawk
Species probably breeds in -area
which is excellent -habitat
Species of special concern
Prothonotary warbler
Comm
Species of special concern
Black -throated green warbler
5+ territorial males in area.
The region that includes
this area (Great Lake to Long
Lake) is a population center of
species
Species of special concern
Black bear
Region that includes this area
seems to be a population center
ot species.
Species of undertermined
status.
Black -and -white warbler
One pair. Species uncommon to
rare in general region; at SE
edge of breeding range.

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13
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N

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private %
Public 100 %
Unknown €
14. Number of Owners: One
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
USDA. Forest Service. (Croatan National Forest)
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
Mr. Lynn Young, District Ranger; Croatan National Forest; 435 Thurman
Road; New Bern, N.C. 28560
17. %ttitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown
274

18. Uses of natural area:
There is virtually no current use of this area. Some hunting
is done here, especially for deer. At least one deer stand is
within the area, but most hunting is done from the road.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 90 % c. high -intensity forestry 10 %
b. Agricultural land % d. developed %
20. Preservation Status:
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
3
100
21. Regulatory protections in force:
Probably none.
275

22. Threats:
Considering the maturity of this tract, logging is a very
real threat. Other areas along Forest Service Road 156-1 have
been cut in recent years. Most logging has been selective cutting,
but some areas have been cleared and converted to pine plantations.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation: %.
The value of -this tract is its maturity. Because it is a small
area, the Forest Service might consider setting it aside as an ex-
cellent example of a mature bottomland forest, or they might at
least consider not cutting the relatively narrow strip of largest
trees. This is only three or four acres.
No turkeys or signs of turkeys were seen here, but this is
excellent turkey habitat. This would be an excellent site for
the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission to establish a population.
276

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary
Community type: Mixed bottomland oaks -mixed bottomland hardwoods/
mixed bottomland oak transgressives
Community cover type: Mixed bottomland oaks -mixed bottomland
hardwoods
General habitat feature: Hardwood flat
Average canopy height: 801
Estimated age of canopy trees: 100+
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 40 acres
Successional stage: Near climax
Sere type: Pelopsammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Quercus michauxii, Q. nigra, Q. laurifolia,
Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): uercus michauxii, Q. ni ra,
Q. laurifolia, Acer rubrum
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Thelypteris noveboracensis, Woodwardia virginica,
Woodwardia areolata
277

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Pantego
Soil classification: Umbric Paleudult, fine loamy, siliceous, thermic
Soil association:
pH class: Extremely acid
Source of information: USDA. Soil and Conservation Service. Soil
Survey Report of Craven County. In prep.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Palustrine
Hydrologic subsystem: Interaqueous
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Intermittently flooded?
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: A somewhat poorly drained, intermittently
flooded, palustrine system, wetted by rains and occasional flooding.
278

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Flat
Shelter: Sheltered
Aspect: N/A
Slope Angle: Nearly level (0-20)
Profile: Flat
Surface patterns: Generally smooth. Some shallow pans. Also some
low mounds associated with Leucothoe axillaris
Position: N/A
279

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area:
Near climax community on a broad flat, underlain by Pleistocene
backbarrier deposits in the Embayed Section of the Coastal Plain
Province of the Atlantic Plain.
Geological Formation: Flanner Beach Formation (Beard Creek Member)
Geological Formation age: Pleistocene
References Cited: Mixon, R.B. and O.H. Pilkey. 1976. Reconnaissance
Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal Plain Province, Cape
Lookout Area, North Carolina. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 859.
PZII

26. Summary - Endangered and threatened species
Name of species: Red -shouldered hawk
Species legal status and authority: Threatened in North Carolina
(Cooper,et at., 1977)
Number of populations on site: At least one
Number of individuals per population: At least three
Size or Maturity of individuals: Adults seen
Phenology of population:
Eg: vegetative %
flowering $
fruiting %
General vigor of population: Unknown
Disturbance or threats to population: Clear -cutting
Habitat characteristics
Plant community: Same throughout natural area
Topography: Same throughout natural area
Soil Series: Same throughout natural area
Microclimate: Same throughout natural area
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Other plants and animal species present: Good squirrel
population.
AERIAL OR DETAILED 14APS WITH POPULATIONS CLEARLY MftRKED.
Throughout area. Nest site, if any, unknown
281

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Trees
Acer rubrum
Carpinus caroliniana
Fagus grandifolia
Ilex opaca
Liquidambar styraciflua
Liriodendron tulipifera
Myrica cerifera
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora
Shrubs
Cyrilla racemiflora
Hypericum sp.
Ilex coriacea
Leucothoe axillaris
Herbs
Athyrium asplenioides
Carex sp.
Osmunda cinnamomea
0. regalis
Panicum sp.
Lianas
Anisostichus capreolata
Decumaria barbara
Rhus radicans
Epiphyte
Tillandsia usneoides (scarce)
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Southern toad
Southern cricket frog
Reptiles
Eastern mud turtle
Eastern box turtle
Ground skink
Birds
Persea borbonia
Pinus taeda
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia
Q. laurifolia
Q. michauxii
Q. nigra
Symplocos tinctoria
Myrica heterophylla
Mitchella repens
Vaccinium atrococcum
Thelypteris noveboracensis
Tipularia discolor
Woodwardia areolata
W. virginica
Smilax laurifolia
S. rotundifolia
Vitis rotundifolia
Pine woods treefrog
Black racer
("Greenish") Rat snake
Copperhead
KEY PR= Permanent resident
SR= Summer resident
*= Breeds or probably breeds
Red -shouldered hawk PR* White -eyed vireo SR*
Yellow -billed cuckoo SR* Yellow -throated vireo SR*
282

Birds (continued)
Barred owl
Pileated woodpecker
Red -bellied woodpecker
Downy woodpecker
Great crested flycatcher
Acadian flycatcher
Blue jay
Carolina chickadee
Tufted titmouse
White -breasted
(August only)
Woodthrush
PR*
PR*
PR*
PR*
SR*
SR*
PR*
PR*
PR*
nuthatch PR?
Blue -gray gnatcatcher
SR*
SR*
Mammals
Opossum (tracks seen)
Black bear (1 seen crossing
156-1 on 27 May)
Raccoon (tracks, 1 family
group seen)
Red -eyed vireo
Black -and -white warbler
Prothonotary warbler
Northern parula
Black-thd. green warbler
Prairie warbler
(edge only)
Ovenbird
Kentucky warbler
Hooded warbler
Brown -headed cowbird
Indigo bunting
(edge only)
Eastern gray squirrel
Whitetail deer (common -seen
frequently)
SR*
SR*
SR*
SR*
SR*
SR*
SR*
SR*
SR*
SR?*
SR*
283

NATURkL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Neuse River Sand Ridge.
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Roughly parallel with the Neuse River and south of st. rd. 1435.
From the s. jct. of st. rds. 1434 and 1435, proceed s. on st. rd. 1435 for
.9 mi. then turn left onto an unimproved logging road.
35110ON 77040OW
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Askin, N. C.; 1:24,000
5. Size: 404.acres
6. Elevation: 5 30 ft.
7. Access: By road from st. rd. 1435
E. Names of investigators: Charles B. McDonald
Andrew. N. Ash
9. Date(s) of investigation: June 3, 1981
July 7, 1981
10. Priority rating: Medium

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11A. Prose Description of Site:
Relict dunes are present at several sites just north of the Neuse River
and other major rivers in the state. The vegetation on these dunes varies
with the texture of the sand. If the sand is relatively fine, a forest develops
that is dominated by southern red oak ( uercus falcata) with such other species
as mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa), blackjack oak ( uercus marilandica),
and chinquapin (Castanea pumila), plus such xeric herbs as prickly pear cactus
(Opuntia compressa), nettle (Cnidoscolus stimulosus),.and Carolina ipecac
(Euphorbia ipecacuanhae). If the sand is coarser, however, longleaf pines are
the dominants. The area described in this report is a longleaf pine dominated
sand ridge.
On first entering the area it is evident that this is part of a system
of relict dunes. The topography is somewhat undulating and the soils contain
coarse almost white sands. The canopy consists of longleaf pines (Pinus
palustris) at a height of almost 60 feet and an age of 55 years. Several
species are found in the subcanopy with the dominants being turkey oak ( uercus
laevis) and dwarf post oak (Q. margaretta) with some bluejack oak (Q. incana ,
persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), and sassafras (Sassafras albidum). The
ground layer consists of low shrubs and herbs with the huckleberries
(Gaylussacia frondosa and G. dumosa) being the overwhelming dominants and sev-
eral blueberries (Vaccinium tenellum, V. elliottii, and V. crassifolium) also
quite common. The most frequent herbaceous species is wire grass (Aristida
stricta). As frequently occurs in deep sandy soils, some areas are completely
devoid of vascular plants. In these areas the ground cover consists of sev-
eral types of fruticose lichens.
Within the area, there are a number of pothole -shaped depressions. These
represent the swales between dunes but they have filled with soil to the ex-
tent that most are only 100 feet or so across and almost round rather than
being oblong as would be expected. The vegetation in the depressions differs
markedly from the surrounding upland. The shrubs titi (Cyrilla racemiflora),
fetterbush (Lyonia lucida), and lamb -kill (Kalmia angustifolia) are common
around the edges while the centers tend to be filled with Sphagnum and other
herbs. The depth of the peat as determined with a probe is about 3 feet.
The area is completely surrounded by other natural vegetation. The Neuse
River lies to the west so the area grades into swamp forest on this side.
Much of the land to the east is occupied by a Carolina bay. The bay does not
show at all on topographic maps and it is even somewhat poorly defined on
aerial photographs. The elliptical shape, however, is still evident and the
vegetation is the typical pocosin assemblage that is found in most Carolina
bays. The sand ridge continues both north and south of the area but the sand
is somewhat finer permitting the development of a southern red oak forest of
the type described at the beginning of this discussion.
The area has suffered considerable recent disturbance in the form of
logging. As a result there is a network of trails and considerable logging
"slash". This operation was perhaps beneficial because the area had a par-
ticularly high stocking of trees. Logging was selective removing mostly pulp -
size trees and leaving the larger ones. This process may mimic natural con-
ditions because fire would kill smaller trees and likewise thin the stand.

Figure 60. Lichens are a common ground cover in this area.
Figure 61. A longleaf pine -turkey oak community dominates
. this area.

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
Sand ridges associated with rivers produce the characteristic ridge and
swale vegetation found in other parts of the Coastal Plain. The -vegetation
is similar in composition to that found on the sand rims of Carolina bays,
relict coastal dunes, or in the Sandhills, but it is unique because of its
different physiographic development. The area described in this report is
the best example of this physiographic type in Craven County. Such areas are
undoubtedly shrinking in size due to control of fire and are now restricted
to the coarsest sandy soils. With frequent burning similar areas that pres—
ently support southern red oak forests would probably support longleaf pine.
This area is perhaps most significant for its potential development
rather than its present condition. It is the type of site that might be
suitable habitat for animals like red —cockaded woodpecker as well as various
plant species that are presently restricted to the Sandhills, and southeastern
Coastal Plain.
289

N
ko
O
12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Nap
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
High quality terrestrial
communityplant
hroughout
Pinus palustris/ uercus laevis
a spp
Best example of this
c uni e in count
Geologic/geomorphic
feature
hroughout
River dunes system
Excellent example of relict
sand dunes developed in con-
junction with a river.

� I r
Figure 62.
Significant features. Neuse
River Sand Ridge
�181 I
i
— -. 1435)11
CI` F T-
V 11
a 1
.,\ , ,°_ 1, ,: ; \� •,,
143
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Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Tvoe
Private 100
Public %
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: 2
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
1 Dr. L. R. Erdman and 2 International Paper Co.
K. M. Carpenter P. 0 Box 2905
253 King Charles Rd. Near Bern N. C. 28560
Columbia, S. C. 29209
(see Appendix A, Ownership Map)
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Unknown
292

18. Uses of natural area:
The area is currently being managed for longleaf pine production. Within
the last few years longleaf pines were selectively cut to thin the stand. There
is also some hunting.
19, Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 100 %
b. Agricultural land 0 %
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry n %
d. developed 0 %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
6
100
21. Regulatory protections in force:
293

22. Threats:
Since the area is being managed for timber production, this use will
eventually conflict with preservation for natural heritage purposes. Land
south of the area that is physiographically similar has been subdivided for
housing. If the project succeeds it might encourage similar development in
this area.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
Access should be restricted by blocking roads. Hunting should be re-
duced or totally restricted. Periodic controlled burning would reduce the
growth of shrubs and small trees and enhance the area as potential habitat
for red -cockaded woodpecker.
294

Natural Characteristics Summary
24a. Vegetation - Biotic Community Summary
Community type: Pinus palustris/ iiercus'laevis/Gaylussacia spp
Community cover type:- 'pinus'palustris
General habitat feature: Sand Ridge
Average canopy height: 60 ft.
Estimated age of canopy trees: 55 years
Canopy cover: Closed
Estimated size of community: 404 acres
Successional stage: Climax
Sere type: Psammosere
Common canopy species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Pinus'taeda
Common sub -canopy or shrub stratum species in community cover or
community type (but not dominant): uercus'margaretta; g; incana,
Sassafras albidum; Myrica cerifera; 'Diospyros virginiana; Ilex ' lg abra.
Common herb stratum species in community cover or community type
(but not dominant): Lichens, Aristida'stricta;'yaccinium'crassifolium,
Pteridium aquilinum; Cnidoscolus*stiniulosus;'Euphorbia'ipecacuanhae,
Gerardia sp,'Galactia"yolubilis.
295

24b. Soil Summary (by community type)
Soil series: Leon sand
Kureb sand
Soil classification: Sandy siliceous thermic haplaquods
Thermic uncoated spodic quartzipsamments
Soil association.. Kenansville—Leon—Lakeland
pH class: 'Very strongly acid
Slightly acid
Source of information: Craven County interim SCS soil maps
Phillips, J. A. et al. 1977. Soil associations of the coastal
area management region. Coastal Resources Commission, DNRCD,
Raleigh.
Other notes:
24c. Hydrology Summary (by community type)
Hydrologic system: Terrestrial
Hydrologic subsystem: Dry=xeric
Water chemistry: Fresh
Water regime: Nontidal, Intermittently flooded
Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Drainage basin: Neuse River
Hydrology characterization: This is a somewhat excessively drained,
intermittently flooded, fresh water, relict dune system.
296

24d. Topography Summary
Landform: Relict dune
Shelter: Open
Aspect: East/West
Slope Angle: Gently sloping
Profile: Convex
Surface patterns: Undulating
Position: Entire slope
297

25. Physiographic characterization of natural area: A climax community
of a psammosere on a sloping relict dune of the Neuse River in the
Coastal Plain Province of the Atlantic Plain.
Geological Formation: Talbot terrace
Geological Formation age: Quaternary
References Cited: Stuckey, J. L.
Explanatory text for geologic map
Geologic Survey Bulletin 71.
and S. G. Conrad.. 1958
of North Carolina. North Carolina
298

27. Master species lists:
PLANTS:
Trees
Acer rubrum Quercus incana
Crataegus uniflora Q. laevis
Diospyros virginiana Q. margaretta
Pinus palustris Sassafras albidum
P. taeda
Shrubs
Cyrilla racemiflora Lyonia lucida
Clethra alnifolia L. mariana
Gaylussacia dumosa Myrica cerifera
G. frondosa Vaccinium elliottii
Ilex glabra V. tenellum
Kalmia angustifolia
Herbs
Amorpha sp.
Gerardia sp
Andropogon virginicus
Helianthemum canadense
Aristida stricta
Lysimachia loomisii
Asclepias humistrata
Panicum sp.
Bonamia humistrata
Pteridium aquilinum
Cnidoscolus stimulosus
Stipulicida setacea
Crotalaria angulata
Tradescantia rosea
Euphorbia ipecacuanhae
Tragia urens
Galactia volubilis
Vaccinium crassifolium
Llianas
Gelsemium sempervirens S. laurifolia
Smilax bona-nox Tillandsia usneoides
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Southern chorus frog (Pseudacris nigrita nigrita)
Reptiles
Spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata)
Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)
Green anole (Aeolis carolinensis carolinensis)
Fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
Six -lined racerunner (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus)
Rough green snake (Opheodrys aestivus)
299

Master species lists (cont.)
Birds (Key)
PR -Permanent resident
Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) PR*
SR -Summer resident
Common bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) PR*
WR-Winter resident
Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) PR*
V-Visitant
Common flicker (Colaptes auratus) PR*
*-Breeds or probably
Pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) PR*
breeds in area
Red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
PR*
Hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus PR*
Eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) SR*
Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) V*
Blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) PR*
American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) PR*
Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis) PR*
Northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) PR*
Brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) PR*
Wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) SR*
Hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) WR
Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) PR*
Blue -grey gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) SR*
European starling (Sturnus vul arcs PR*
White -eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) SR*
Common yellow throat (Geothlypis trichas) PR*
House sparrow (Passer domesticus) PR*
Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) PR*
Summer tanager (Piranga rubra) SR*
Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) PR*
Indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) SR*
Rufous -sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) PR*
Mammals
Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
300

Appendix A.
jl i �i ♦9
Fig. 63. Ownership map. Neuse
River Sand Ridge.
lel
1435 y i 143471
Askin2
+Y 1
•J
23
1 r.
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i L ndmq: (-\16
—"�
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16
17
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Mar f :,.

REFERENCES
Blair, W. F., A. P. Blair, P. Brodkorb, F. R. Cagle and G. A. Moore. 1968.
Vertebrates of the United States. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.
Burt, W. H. and R. P. Grossenheider. 1976. A field guide to the mammals.
Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Mass.
Conart, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central
North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Mass.
Cooper, J. E., S. S. Robinson, and J. F. Funderburg (eds.). 1977. Endangered and
threatened plants and animals of North Carolina. North Carolina State Museum
of Natural History, Raleigh, N.C.
Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet, and E. T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification
of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31.
U. S.. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Karnowski, E. H., J. B. Newman, J. Dunn, and J. A. Meadows. 1974. Soil survey of
Pitt County, North Carolina. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Lonsdale, R. E. 1967. Atlas of North Carolina. The University of North Carolina
Press, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Loughlin, G. F., E. W. Berry, and J. A. Cushman. 1921. Limestones and marls of
North Carolina. Edwards and Broughton Printing Co., Raleigh, N.C.
Mixon, R. B., and 0. H. Pilkey. 1976. Reconnaissance geology of the submerged
and emerged Coastal Plain Province, Cape Lookout area, North Carolina. U.S.
Geological Survey Professional Paper 859.
Peterson, R. T. 1980. A field guide to the birds east of the Rockies. Houghton
Mifflin, Boston, Mass.
Phillips, J. A., et al. 1977. Soil associations of the coastal area management
region. Office of Coastal Management. DNRCD, Raleigh, N.C.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora
of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Radford, A. E., D. K. S. Otte, L. J. Otte, J. R. Massey, and P. D. Whitson. 1980.
Natural heritage: Classification, inventory, and information. Published by
the author, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Soil Conservation Service. Interim soil maps and soil surveys for Craven County,
N. C. (unpublished)
Stuckey, J. L. and W. G. Steel. 1953. Geology and mineral resources of North
Carolina. N.C. Geological Survey Educational Series No. 3.
302

Stuckey, J. L. and S. G. Conrad. 1958. Explanatory text for geologic map of
North Carolina. N.C. Geologic'Survey Bulletin 71.
Sutter, R. 1980. Protected plants in the coastal regions of North Carolina
(Pamphlet). N.C. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N.C.
U.S.D.A. Forest Service. 1978. Southern Appalachian and Atlantic coast states
supplement to draft environmental statement: Roadless area review and evaluation.
(unpublished).
Weakley, A. S. 1980. Report on Swift Creek swamp forest natural area. In:
Radford, A.E., et al. 1980. Natural heritage: Classification, inventory, and
information. Published by the author, Chapel Hill, N.C.
303

APPENDIX I
PREVIOUS NATURAL AREA REPORTS
Lake Ellis -Simon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Great Lake & Great Lake Sweetgum Forest . . 330
Fort Barnwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
304

NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Lake Ellis -Simon*
2. County: Craven and Carteret.
3. Location: 4 miles southwest of Havelock; private property inholding
within Croatan National Forest.
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Maysville 15 min. and Masontown 7.5 min
USGS topographic maps.
5. Size: 2000 acres including 1452-acre lake.
6. Elevation: 35-39 feet
7. Access: 0.7 miles west after jct. with US 70 and NC 101 to jct with
SR 1756; southwest along SR 1756, 3.0 miles to jct. with the
Camp Bryan Road; then 2.5 miles to Camp Bryan on the southeastern
end of Lake Ellis -Simon.
8. Names of investigators: Information in this report is compiled
from Fuller.(1980, 1981).
9. Date(s) of investigation: Many dates 1977-1978.
10. Priority rating: High Priority.
*This report was compiled by N.C. Natural Heritage Program staff using
Fuller (1980, 1981) as a primary source.
305

11A. Prose Description of Site:
Lake Ellis -Simon is a shallow, coastal plain lake, which
appears to be representative of Carolina bays(Otte pers. comm. IN.
Fuller, 1980). It possesses a greater variety of wildlife and plant
life than other lakes in the Croatan National Forest (Fuller, 1980).
Geologically, the lake is located in a sedimentary lacustrine deposit
composed of variously inundated organic peats and siliceous clastic
sands and clays. Hydrologically, the lake is poorly drained, semi -
permanently flooded; fresh, acidic, lacustrine system supplied by
surface and possibly subsurface water flow (Fuller, 1980). The
possibility of a subterranean flow of water from underlying Castle
Hayne or Trent limestone formations, supplementing surface in -flow,
should be investigated (Radford, Otte, Buol pers. comm. IN: Fuller,
1980). The area is part of the Flanner Beach geologic formation of
Pleistocene origin (Mixon and Pilkey, 1976).
The lake is surrounded by large expanse of pocosin, pine forest, bay
and swamp forests. Of special note, and included in the natural area
designation, are two unusual habitats. (1) A 15-acre, oak -dominated
sand ridge lies about a mile southeast of the lake. The oaks appear to
exhibit hybridization among live oak (Quercus virginiana), water oak
(Q. nigra), and laurel oak (Q. laurifolia). Un erstory species are virtually
absent, perhaps as a result of a large eer population (Fuller, 1978).
(2) A sweet -gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) dominated forest covering
320 acres is located one mile southeast of the lake and is bisected
by the Camp Lejeune Railroad. Notable is the prominance of the broad-
leaf evergreen red bay (Persea borbonia), the most common subcanopy and
understory species. Sweet -gum : grows to 80', with average 18" DBH
to largest DBH of 36". Red bay grows to 60'. Red maple (Acer rubrum)
begins to mix in with the Liquidambar/Persea in the eastern portion of
the site . Present is a small breeding population of American redstarts,
rare as a breeding bird in the coastal plain (Fussell, 1980).
Lake L11is-Simon itself sustains distinctive plant communities; some
20 community types have been analyzed (Fuller, 1980). These are
generalized by Fuller within the following habitat types:
1. Emergent aquatics:
Eleocharis eguisetoides,Eleccharis esquisetoides-Nymphaea odorata,
Panicum hemitomon, and Panicum hemitomon/Sphagnum.
2. Submergent aquatics:
mixed submergent aquatic vegetation, with Mayaca aubletii prevalent.
3. Bog:
Cassandra calyculata/Sphagnum sa., Sphagnum sue., and RhYnchpspora
alba-Peltandra Sag ittaefolia/Sphagnum sue. scattered throughout the
bog are raised hummocks that sometimes support red maple, loblolly
bay, sweetgum, loblolly pine, or Atlantic white cedar.
4. Mixed marsh:
Andropogon scoparius/Sphagnum sp.,
Typha latifolia/Juncus effusus, Woodwardia virginica,
Utricularia bif lora/Sphagnum s2., Scirpus cyperinus
Sphagnum sk., Saururus cernuus.
306

5. Mixed swamp forest:
Mixed red maple, sweet gum, loblolly pine, and bald cypress/mixed
shrubs dominate the lake's western portion and bay rim.
6. Bald and Pond Cypress:
Taxodium distichum-Taxodium ascendens occurs at the lake along
the canals on hummocks, around the periphery of the lake, and
islands or "domes". The double -crested cormorant and osprey
utilize the cypress for nesting, while wading birds frequently
use cypress for night resting areas.
7. Swamp gum:
Several shoreline areas were once dominated by Nyssa sylvatica
var. biflora, but now only individual trees remain among stumps
and fallen logs. Associated with mix of other bog and swamp
vegetation.
8. Tall, evergreen shrub:
Composed of dense Lyonia lucida (fetterbush) and L. lucida-M rica
cerifera (wax myrtle)//Smilax spp.
9. Open water:
The generally open central portion of the lake is 0.5 to 1.5 meters
in depth with much more pipewort (Eriocaulon sp.) in recent years.
10. Canals:
The majority of the existent canal system was dug in 1964, and older
canals have largely filled in. The canal edges are vegetated by a
great mix of species.
307

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance:
Lake Ellis -Simon is one of the most important wildlife habitats in the
North Carolina coastal•,plain:
1. The lake is one of the state's most significant and populated habitat
for the alligator. Computer modelsbased on extensive field sampling
predicted 140 alligators; this and other estimates point to a popu-
lation in excess of 100 individuals ( > 50 cm. in length). The alligators also
use shallow holes in the swamp forest surrounding the lake or along
drainage ditches for wintering habitat (Fuller, 1981; Hagan, 1981).
2. This is the only known nesting colony of double -crested cormorants in
North Carolina (Parnell, 1977). There were at least 75 adults in
the colony in July, 1978. Nesting (at least 30 active nests) occurs
in two cypress "domes" in the lake (Fuller, 1980). Nesting double -
crested cormorants have apparently used the Croatan Lakes for at least
the past 65 years (Brimley, 1917).
3. The lake is a primary nesting area for osprey. The 1980 survey con-
ducted by the Fish and Wildlife Service found 19 active nests and 25
hatchlings. (Harke, 1981; Brame, 1980).
4. More than a dozen waterfowl species use the lake in the winter months.
Both black and wood ducks nest at Lake Ellis -Simon (Fuller, 1980;
Brame, 1980).
5. Anhinga have been reported nesting at the lake (Fuller, 1980; Brame,
1980).. Anhinga nesting occurred during the 1930's and 1940's. The
lake is near the northern extreme of the water -turkey's range
(Pearson, 1959).
6. Purple gallinule, near the northern range limit, have been observed
(Fuller, 1980).
7. Least bitterns nest around the periphery of the lake, on hummocks and
along canal spoil banks (Fuller and Doerr, 1981).
8. Black bear and their sign are occasionally observed on the Camp Bryan
property (Fuller, 1980).
308

12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
LMap
Throughout
Alligator mississippiensis
One of the largest population
Endangered Species
Lake
(American alligator)
known in N.C.
Phalacrocorax auritus
Only known nesting population
Rare Species
Map 3
(Double -crested cormorant)
in N.C.
Pandion haliaetus
: One of the primary nesting
Rare Species
Map 4
(Osprey)
.,areas in N.C.
Anhinga anhinga
One of very few nesting
Rare Species
Lake
(Anhinga)
locations in N.C.
Pocosin
Ursus americanus
Bear are occasionally
Rare Species
Around lake
(Black bear)
observed in area.
Emergent
Eleocharis robbinsii
Threatened Species
aquatic
(Robbins spike-rush)
Threatened endemic in N.C.
Emergent
Eriocaulon pellucidum
Threatened peripheral in N.C.
Threatened Species
aquatic
(Spotted pipewort)
Submerged
Myriophyllum laxum
Threatened Species
aquatic
(Loose watermillfoil)
Threatened throughout in N.C.
Edges of
Pe tandra sagittaefolia
Threatened Species
canals
(Arrowleaf shieldwort)
Threatened peripheral in N.C.
NW sector
Rhyncospora alba
Endangered Species
of Lake
(White beakrush)
Endangered peripheral in N.C.
Marshes
Scirpus acutus
Endangered Species
(Hardstem bulrush)
Endangered peripheral in N.C.
W sector
Utricularia olivaeca
Threatened Species
of lake
(dwarf bladderwort)
Threatened peripheral in N.C.
E shore
Ponthieva racemosa
Endangered Species
of lake
(shadow -witch)
Endangered peripheral in N.C.

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 100 %
Public %
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: One
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
Camp Bryan Rod and Gun Club
Ellis Simon (trustee)
1300 College Street
Kinston, NC 28501
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
1) M. K. Fuller, Carolina Wetlands Center, National Wildlife
Federation, Wade Avenue, Raleigh, N.C.
2) J. Doerr, Dept. of Zoology, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, N.C.
3) A.E. Radford, Dept. of Botany, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?):
Owner has registered 2000 acre tract with the Registry
of Natural Heritage Areas, N.C. Natural Heritage Program.
310

18. Uses of natural area:
Lake Ellis -Simon and surrounding property of Camp Bryan Hunt Club are
managed primarily for hunting and fishing. A canal and waterway system is
controlled and maintained. Club cabins are concentrated at a site on the
east shore of the lake. Visitation is by club permission or invitation only.
Food plots are grown for deer, turkey, waterfowl, and other game. The lake
provides excellent fishing for such species as large -mouth bass, perch,
pickerel, and blue -gill. The property is designated with the ilildlife
Resources Commission as a bear sanctuary.
Canals were first constructed into the lake in the 19th century to allow
cultivation of rice (Brown, 1911). In the period 1870-1890 much of the timber
from the area was harvested and lands between the lake and Havelock were used
for farming. In 1895 the owner, James A. Bryan, leased part of his holdings
around the lake to George Nicholl and a group of sportsmen from New Bern.
In 1947 Ellis Simon, R.H. Barringer, and a group of 34 men, composing the
Camp Bryan Hunt Club, purchased about 10,000 acres including Lake Ellis and
Little Lake (the two lakes consisting of 2,000 acres). The U.S. Forest
Service purchased the 27,000=acre remainder of the Bryan Plantation for
addition to Croatan National Forest (including Great, Catfish, and Long Lakes).
Camp Bryan Hunt Club continues ownership of the property. In the mid-1960's
Camp Bryan members voted to give complete protection to the alligators, black
bear, double -crested cormorant, osprey, and river otter. In addition, no
trapping is allowed on the property. In 1972 the lake was renamed from Lake
Ellis to Lake Ellis -Simon, in honor of long-time Camp Bryan manager and trustee
Mr. Ellis Simon (Fuller, 1980; Simon, 1981).
19.. Uses of surrounding land:
20.
21.
a. Wildland 80
b. Agricultural land
Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry
d. developed
20
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
4
100
registered
Regulatory protections in force:
None known
311

22. Threats: None known at the present time.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation: The area should be protected
for its exceptional ecological relationships, presence of many rare and
endangered plants and animals, and excellence as wildlife habitat.
312

Designated Natural Area: The 2000 + acres designated by Camp Bryan (See Map 1)
includes the Lake Ellis -Simon and surrounding lands, as follows: the
South boundary of the designated natural area is the South Road (between
the Lake and U.S. Marine Railroad) extending to the west end of that road;
the Southwest boundary extends from the end of South Road, keeping 1000
feet from the SW lake/shore, to the U.S. Forest Service boundary line;
theWest boundary is the U.S. Forest Service line; the Northwest -North -
Northeast boundary is 1000 feet distant from the lake shore; the developed
camp area on the East side of the lake is not included in the natural area.
Also a 75 + acre rectangle around the oak ridge southeast of the lake is.
designated natural area: North boundary is the main Camp Road; South
boundary is the U.S. Marine Railroad; East boundary is the road adjacent
to Nichols Field; West boundary is "Train Cart Trail" extending from the
Camp Road to the railroad.
313

Scientific References:
Brame , Richem 1980. Bird Observation List at Lake Ellis -Simon, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C.
Brimley, C.S. 1909. Some notes on the zoology of Lake Ellis, Craven
County, N.C., with special references to herpetology. Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash. 22: 129-137.
Brown, W.H. 1911. The plant life of Ellis, Great, Little and Long
Lakes in North Carolina. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 323-342.
Fuller, 1981. Distribution and Population Characteristics of an American
Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Population in the vicinity
of Lake Ellis -Simon, North Carolina. M.S. Thesis, N.C. State Univ.
Raleigh, N.C.
Fuller, M.K. 1980. Lake Ellis -Simon Basic Ecosystematics Inventory.
Prepared for Botany 235 UNC-Chapel Hill.
Fussell, J. 1980. Preliminary Site Reconnaissance Survey "Lake Ellis
Sweet Gum Forest." Prepared under contract for the N.C. Natural
Heritage Program.
Mixon, R. and O. Pilkey 1976. Reconnaissance Geology of the Submerged
and Emerged Coastal Plain Province, Cape Lookout Area, North Carolina.
U.S. Geologic Survey Prof. Paper 859.
Parnell, J.F. 1977. IN: Cooper, Robinson, Funderburg (Eds.)., Endangered
and Threatened Plants and Animals of North Carolina. N.C. Museum
of Natural History.
Pearson, T.G., C.S.Brimley and H.H. Brimley. 1959. Birds of North Carolina.
N.C. State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, N.C.
Cappell, E.D., 1954. The Genus Scirpus in North Carolina, J.Elisha Mitchell
Sci. Soc. Vol. 70, pp. 75-91.
Hagan, J.M., in preparation. Seasonal and Dial Measurements of Adult American
Alligators in the Vicinity of Lake Ellis -Simon, N.C; M.S. Thesis, NCSU, Raleigh
Henny, Charles and Woltemeir, Alvin. Osprey Nesting Populations in the
Coastal Carolinas, American Birds, Vol. 29, No. 6. pp. 1073-1079.
314

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Map 5 1 i
Alligator mississippiensis, American alligator nest sites (1978).
Black Dots = (3) Active Nests.
Double Circle = (1)�Inactive Nest.
F„t iAY i4ai 319

IN1aSTER SPECIES PRESENCE LIST: LAKE ELLIS SIMON
'Species _
ANG I OSPERNIS
Alistmatales
Alistmataceae
Sagittaria falcata Pursh (duck potato)
* S. subulata (L.) Buch
Arales
Araceae
Peltandra sagittaefolia (Michaux) Morong
(arrow arum)
Araliales
Apiaceae
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban
Foeniculum vul are Miller (fennel)
Hydrocotyle umbellata L. (marsh pennywort)
Asterales
Asteraceae
Baccharis halimifolia L. (groundsel bush,
silverling)
Eupatorium rotundifolium L. (thoroughwort)
Mikania scandens (L.) Willd.
Solidago fistulosa Miller
Bromeliales
Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia usneoides L. (spa.nish moss)
Celastrales
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapman (gallberry)
Ilex lg abra (L.) Gray (shining gallberry)
Ilex opaca Aiton (american holly)
Commelinales
Mayacaceae
Mayaca aubletii Michaux (bog moss)
320

Xvridaceae
* 'Xvris difformis Chapman (yellow -eyed grass)
* Xyris fimbriata Ell. _.
iu� picai Richard
X. spp. (Gronov.) L.
Corrales
\vssaceae
N.ssa svlvatica var. biflora (Walter)
Sargent (swamp black gum)
Cyperales
Cyperaceae
Cyperus erythrorhiZos Muhl. (redroot)
C. spp. Journ. ) L.
Dulichium arundinacium (L.) Britton
* Eleocharis baldwinii (Torrey) Chapman
(bog moss, dwarf spikerush)
E. equisetoides (Ell.) Torrey (jointed
spikerush)
E. quadrangulata (Michaux) R.& S.
E. robbinsii Oakes
Eriophorum virginicum L. (cotton grass)
Rhyncospora alba (L.) Vahl.(white beakrush)
* R. inundata (Oakes) Fernald (beakrush)
R. sp. Vahl.
Scir us cyperinus (L.) Kunth.
Poaceae
Androvogon scoparius Michaux (little
bluestem)
A. virginica L. (broomsedge)
A. a. (Royen) L.
Arundinaria gi ag ntea (Walter) Muhl.
(switch cane)
Erianthus giganteus (Walter) Muhl.
Hydrocloa carolinensis Beavois. (water
grass)
Panicum hemitomon Schultes (maiden cane)
* P. mattamuskeetence Ashe
Sacciolepis stricta (L.) Nash
Setaria magna Griesbach (giant foxtail
grass)
Ebenales
Symplocaceae
Symplocos tintoria (L.) L'Her (horsesugar)
321

Ericales
Clethraceae
Clethra alnifolia L. (sweet pepperbush)
Cyri'_laceae
Cvrilla racemiflora L. (ti-ti)
Ericaceae
Cassandra calyculata (L.) D.Don (leather -
leaf)
* Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. (male -berry)
L. lucida (Lam.) K. Koch (fetterbush)
Vaccinium arboreum Alarshall (sparkleberry)
V. attrococum (Gray) Heller (black, "
highbush blueberry)
V. corymbosum L. (highbush blueberry)
Zenobia pulverulenta (Bartram) Pollard
(horeycup)
Eriocaulales
Eriocaulaceae
Eriocaulon compressum Lam. (pipewort)
* E. pellucidum Michaux
Fagales
Fagaceae
Quercus ni ra L. (water oak)
Gentianales
Gentianaceae
Bartonia virginica (L.) BSP.
Nymphoides aquatica (Walter ex J.F. Gme-
lin) Kuntze (banana waterlily)
Halagorales
Haloragaceae
Myriophyllum laxum Shuttlew, ex Chapman
(water milfoil)
Hammelidales
Hammelidaceae
Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweet -gum)
Juncales
Juncaceae
Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie (rush)
J. effusus L.
J. scirpoides Lam.
J . sue. (Tourn . ) L.
322

Lamiales
Lamiaceae
L cy opus rubellus Moench.
Liliales
Liliaceae
Smilax bona-nox L. (catbrier)
S. laurifolia L. (bamboo, catbrier)
S. rotundifolia L. (catbrier)
S. walterii Pursh
Pontederiaceae
Pontederia cordata L. (pickerelweed)
Magnoliales
Lauraceae
Persea borbonia (L.) (red bay)
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia virginiana L. (sweet or white
bay)
btyricales
Myricaceae
Myrica cerifera L. (wax -myrtle)
M. heterophylla Raf.
Myrtales
Lythraceae
Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. (water
willow)
Melastomataceae
Rhexia sp. L. (meadow -beauty)
Onagraceae
Ludwigia M. L.
Najadales
Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. (pondweed)
Nympheales ,
Cabombaceae
Brasenia schreberi Gmelin (watershield)
Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Persoon (lotus)
323

Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea odorata Aiton (fragrant water -
lily)
Nu har luteum var. macrophyllum (Small)
E.O.Beal (yellow cow -lily)
Orchidales
Orchidaceae
Calopogon pulchellus (Salisbury) R.Brown
.(grass pink)
Habenaria repens Nuttall (water
spider orchid)
** Ponthieva racemosa (Walter) Mohr
(shadow witch)
Piperales
Sauraceae
Saururus cernuus L. (lizard tail)
Rosales
Fabaceae
A ios americana Medicus (ground nut)
Rosaceae
Prunus serotina Ehrhart (black cherry)
Rubus sp. (Tourn.) L. (blackberry)
Sorbus arbutifolia (L.) Heynhold
Saxifragaceae
Itea virginica L. (Virginia willow)
Rubiales
Rubiaceae
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (button -
bush)
Salicales
Salicaceae
Salix caroliniana Michaux (willow)
Santales
Loranthaceae
Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. John-
ston (mistletoe)
324

Sarraceniales
Droseraceae
Drosera intermedia Hayne (sundew)
Sapindales
Aceraceae
Acer rubrum L. var. tridens (red maple)
Anacardiaceae
Rhus.copallina L. (dwarf or winged
sumac)
Rhus radicans L. (poison ivy)
Scrophulariales
Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia biflora Lam. (bladderwort)
U. inflata Walter
U. olivacea Wright ex Grisenbach
U. purpurea Walter
U. sue.
Theales
Hypericaceae
Hy
pericum virginicum L. (St. John's -
wort)
Theaceae
Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis
(loblolly bay)
Typhales
Typhaceae
Typha latifolia L. (cattail)
Urticales
Urticaceae
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Swartz
(false nettle)
GYMNOSPERMS
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus serotina Michaux (pond pine)
Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine)
325

Taxodiaceae
Taxodium ascendens Bronqn. (pond
cypress)
T. distichum (L.) Richard (bald
cypress)
FERNS AND FERIN ALLIES
Filicales
Blechnaceae
Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore
(netted chain fern)
LV. virginica (L.) Smith
(Virginia chain fern)
Osmundaceae
Osmunda cinnamomea L. (cinammon fern)
Lycopodiales
Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodium alopecuroides L. (foxtail
club moss)
MOSSES _
Sphagnales
Sphagnaceae
2hagnum sp.
Moss (unidentified)
ALGAE
Algae (unidentidied)
* - Identified by Michael G. Simpson, Botany Dept., Duke University, Fall 1978
** - Observed fall 1978, No voucher specimen
1— T-. A Z VnA-C._..i 0-4-11 flew♦ 111.Tr_ru
326

OBSERVED OR REPORTED VERTEBRATE SPECIES PRESENCE LIST
LAKE ELLI_S-SIMON 1977-1978.
MAMMALS
Opossum
Black Bear
.Racoon
River Otter
Feral Dog
Gray Fox
Bobcat
Eastern Gray Squirrel
Cotton Rat
Cotton Mouse
Marsh Rabbit
Whitetail Deer
BIRDS
Pied -Billed Grebe
Double -Crested Cormorant
Anhinga
Whistling Swan
Canada Goose
Snow Goose
Mallard
Black Duck
Pintail
American Widgeon
Green Winged Teal
Wood Duck
Redhead
Canvasback
Ring -Necked Duck
Lesser Scaup
Other Waterfowl
Turkey Vulture
Black Vulture
Marsh Hawk
Red -Tailed Hawk
Broad Winged Hawk
'Bald Eagle
osprey
Turkey
Bobwhite
Great Blue Heron ,
Common Egret
Snowy Egret
Cattle Egret
Green Heron
American Bit -tern
Least Bittern
Glossy This
Didelphis marsuoialus
Ursus americanus
Procyon lotor
Lutra canadersis
Canis familiaris
Urocyon cinereoara_enteus_
Lynx rufus
Sciurus carolinensis
Sicgmodon hispidus
Peromyscus gossypinus
Sylvilagus palustris
Odocoileus virginiarus
Podilymbus podiceps
Phalacrocorax auritus
Anhinga anhinga
Cygnus columbianus
Branta canadensis
Chen hyperborea
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas rubripes
Anas acuta
Mareca americana
Anas carolinensis
Aix s onsa
Athya americana
Athya valisineria
Athya collaris
Athya affinis
Cathartes aura
Coragyps atratus
Circus cyaneus
Buteo j amaicers is
Buteo platypterus
Haliaeetus leucocephaliis
Pandion haliaetus ,.
Meleagris gallopavo
Colinus virginianus
Ardea herodias
jZasmerodius albus
Leucophoyx thula
Bubulcus ibis
Butorides virescens
Botaurus lentiginosus
Ixobrychus exilis
Pledaadis falcinellus

Purple Gallinule
American Coot
Killdeer
American Woodcock
Black Tern
Mourning Dove
Great Horned Owl
Barred Owl
Common Nighthawk
Chimney Swift
Ruby Throated Hummingbird
Belted Kingfisher
Yellow -Shafted Flicker
Pileated Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpecker
Downy Woodpecker
Eastern Kingbird
Purple Martin
Blue Jay
Common Crow
Fish Crow
Carolina Wren
Mockingbird
Robin
Starling
Prothonotary Warbler
Red Winged Blackbird
Orchard Oriole
Parula Warbler
REPTILES
American Alligator
Snapping Turtle
Common Musk Turtle
Carolina Box Turtle
Florida Cotter
Yellow -Bellied Turtle
Carolina Anole
Ground Skink
Five Lined Skink
Broad -Headed -Skink
Eastern Glass Lizard
Rough Earth Snake
Red Bellied Water Snake
Southern Banded Water Snake
Brown Water Snake
Eastern Ribbon Snake.
Eastern Garter Snake
Mud Snake
Rainbow Snake
Southern Hognose Snake
Worm Snake
Ringneck Snake
Black Racer
Porphyrula martiniea
Fulica americans
Charadrius vociferus
Philohela minor
Chlidonias ni er
Zenaidura macroura
Bubo virginianus
Strix varia
Chordeiles minor
Chaetura pelagica
Archilochus colubris
Megaceryle alcvon
Colaptes auratus
Drvocopus pileatus
Dendrocopos villosus
Dendrocopos pubescens
Tyrannus tyrannus
Progne sub -is
Cyanocitta cristata
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Corvus ossifragus
Thryothorus ludovianus
Mimus polyglottos
Turdus migratorius
Sturnus vulgaris
Protonotaria citrea
Agelaius phoeniceus
Icterus spurius
Parula americans
Alligator mississippiensis_
Chelydra ser entina
Sternotherus odoratus
Terrapene caroliniana
• Chrysemys floridana
Chrysemys scripts
Anolis carolinensis
Sc incella laterale
Eumesees fasciatus
Eumesces laticeps
Ophisaurus ventralis
Virginia striatula
Nerodia erythrogaster,
Nerodia fasciata
Nerodia taxispilota
Thamnophis sauritus
Thamnophis sir_ talis
Farancia abacura
Farancia erythrogramma
Heterodon simus
Carphophis amoenus
Diadophis punctatus
Coluber constrictor
328 — --

Rough Green Snake Opheodrvs aestivus
Corn Snake Elaphe guttata
Rat Snake Elaphe obsoleta
Eastern King Snake Lampropeltis getulus
Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix
Cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorous
Eastern Diamond -Back
Rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus
Timber Rattlesnake Crotalus horridus
AMPHIBIANS
Greater Siren Siren lacertina
Two -Toed Amphiuma (Ditch Eel) Amphiuma meaus
Many Lined Salamander
Stereochilus marginatus
Dusky Salamander
Desmognathus fuscus
Slimy Salamander
Plethodon glutinosus
American Toad
Bufo
americanus
Southern Toad
Bufo
terrestris
Fowlers Toad
Bufo
woodhousei
Oak Toad
Bufo
quercicus
Southern Cricket Frog
Acris
gryllus
Southern Chorus Frog
Pseudacris nigrita
Green Tree Frog
Hyla
cinerea
Spring Peeper
Hyla
crucifer
Pine Woods Tree Frog
Hyla
femoralis
Squirrel'Tree Frog
Hyla
squirella
Little Grass Frog
Limnaoedus ocularis
Bull Frog
Rana
catesbeiana
Green Frog
Rana
clamitans
Southern Leopard Frog
Rana
utricularia
Carpenter Frog
Rana
virgatipes
Eastern Narrow Mouthed Toad Gastrophryne carolinensis
FISHES '
Largemouth Bass
Micropterus salmoides
Yellow (Racoon) Perch
Perca flavescens
American Eel
Anguilla rostrata
Chain Pickerel
Esox niger
Golden Shiner
Notemigonus chrsoleucas
Yellow Bullhead
Ictalurus natalis
Mosquito Fish
Gambusia affinis
Bowfin
Amia calva .
Flier
Centrarchus macropterus'
Bluegill
Lepomis macrochirus-v'
Pumpkinseed
Lepomis gibbosus
Warmouth
LAomis_aulosus
Eastern Mudminnow •'
Umbra pygmaea
Eastern Lake Shubsucker
Erimyzon sucetta
Bluespotted Sunfish
Enneacanthus gloriosus
Banded Sunfish
E. obesus
Redfin Pickerel
Esox americanus
Darter
Hololepis thermophilus
329

NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORA1
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Great Lake and Great Lake Sweetgum Forest*
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Approximately 8 miles east of NC 58 within Croatan
National Forest (see map 1).
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Maysville 15 min.
5. Size: 2870 acres (2600 a. lake, 270 a. sweetgum forest)
6. Elevation: 35 feet.
7. Access: 9.2 miles SE of junction of US 17-NC 58 (in Maysville), NE
for 0.6 miles on SR 1001, NE on Forest Service Road 126 for
5.3 miles-, walk 0.5 miles east of road.
8. Names of investigators: Lee J. Otte, John B. Taggart, and John O. Fussell.
9. Date(s) of investigation: Various dates 1971-1981.
10. Priority rating: High
*Compiled by N.C. Natural Heritage Program staff from reports by Taggart (1978)
and Fussell (1981).
330

11A. Prose Description of Site:
Great Lake is the largest of a series of lakes
found in the Croatan National Forest. Several of the surrounding
lakes and numerous other topographic features in the vicinity of
Great Lakes have the characteristic elliptical shape of'a Carolina -
Bay. Great Lake, however, does not. If Great Lake is a Carolina
Bay, its original shape could have possibly been modified by erosion
or deposition. Other bays in the area, however, even when completely
filled in and no longer supporting an open body of water, still exhibit
a characteristic bay shape. Whether it is a bay or fire created depres-
sion will require additional study.
The waters of Great Lake are not stationary. Much of the water
draining out of marshes and swamps to the northwest feeds into Great
Lake along its north shore by means of a series of small streams.
Hunter's Creek, which is the only surface outlet for Great Lake,
feeds out of the lake's south shore. Water moving into Hunters
Creek must first pass through the sweetgum forest. It is probable,
therefore, that an almost continuous movement of water through the
peaty and mucky soils underlying the swamp occurs during most of the
year. Large amounts of rain and correspondingly high runoffs probably
inundate the swamp with a considerable amount of water. .This continual
water movement supplies an unending source of nutrients to the forest
system and will also help to protect the area from burning almost year
round. This water movement also explains the presence of the levee
along the south shore of the lake. The overall southward movement
of the lake water would carry any floating debris in the lake to the
south shore. This shoreline accumulation aids in the buildup and
lakeward extension of the lake terrace out into Great Lake. The
lake is an integral part of the surrounding swamp forest ecosystem
and its preservation is essential to the continued existence of the
Great Lake sweet gum swamp forest. The fact that it is one of few
remaining and essentially undisturbed large coastal plain lakes,
makes the Lake, along with the sweet gum forest, of regional, if
not national significance.
As on the other lakes in the area, fishing is a major activity,
but no information is available on the species or quality present.
The lake and surrounding wetlands and forest communities provide
habitat for a number of rare plants and animals -
The south and east shores of Great Lake supports the remnants
of a once much more extensive forest type, dominated by Liquidambar
styraciflua (sweet gum). This may be the only remaining location
on the Atlantic coastal plain for a climax sweet gum -dominated forest.
The forest communities on the south and east shores of Great Lake are
directly influenced by the lake and, in particular, by the depositional/
erosional regime of the lake waters.

The L. styraciflua (sweet gum)/Persea borbonia (red bay) climax
community on the broad, low levee along the lake's east shore is part
of the Croatan National Forest. Great Lake itself is very shallow and
the bottom is strewn with dead cypress logs. There is little in the
way of aquatic vegetation present in the lake itself, but much of the
shoreline is ringed with maiden cane, and the Bald cypress, on the east,
is an important constituent of the shoreline.
The swamp forest south of the lake is privately -owned. The sweet
gum dominated smilax community on the narrow, water -built levee and
broad, low like terrace along the south -southeastern lake shore is
characterized as a L. styraciflua/Persea borbonia/P. borbonia-Arun-
dinaria gigantea community. of additional interest are the small
number of cypress (Taxodium distichum) and the presence of typical
bay species beneath the sweet gum. Nineteenth century literature
indicates this forest community may be the last artifact of a major
lowland forest type that once was common on the North Carolina coastal
plain.
Several endangered plant and animal species are reported for this
area including the Venus' fly trap, Southern twayblade and arrowleaf
shieldwort . In the area, refugia is provided for both
the American alligator and Black bear
332

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance: See 11A, Prose Description
of Site.
333

12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Legend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
Endan ered S ecies
Lake
Alligator mississippiensis
(American alligator)
Small population occurs
on lake
Threatened Species
Sweetgum
forest
Buteo lineatus
(red -shouldered hawk)
Threatened in N.C.; area
supports a fewbreeding pair
Of Special Consern
Lake
Shore
Pandion haliaetus
(Osprey)
One-two nests along lake
shore most years _
Unknown status in area; one
seen on lake shore Nov. 1972
Of Special Concern
Meleagris gallopavo
(Turkey)
Of Special Concern
Sweetgum,
forest
Dendroica virens
(black -throated green warbler)
Fairly common. Lake Ellis Si
Great Lake area is a o ulat
center for this species in
southeastern N.C.
Endangered Species
Crotalus adamanteus
(Eastern diamonback rattlesnake)
Recorded from general vicini
but not actually from site
Of Special Concern
Ursus americanus
(black bear)
Occurs in the general area.
Population size unknown.
p
Threatened Species ot
cosin site Dionaea muscipbla
lake rim (.Venus fl tra').•
Threatened peripheral in N.0
Threatened Species
Lake
Shore
Peltandra sagittaefolia
(Arrowleaf shieldwort)
Threatened peripheral in N.0
Endangered Species
Sweetgum
forest
Listera.australis
(Southern tra blade)
Endangered in N.C.
on -
on
y
M
M

Legal Status, Use, and Management
13. Ownership type by percent area:
14. Number of Owners: 2
Type
Private 10 %
Public 90 %
Unknown %
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information),
1) U.S. Forest Service
Croatan National Forest
2) Mr. Fred Sutton, Jr.
Kinston, N.C.
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
Conderman, Mrs., New Bern: familiar with birds of Great Lake
Huntsman, Gene, Mid Atlantic Fisheries Research Center, National
Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, N.C.
Otte, L. J., Dept. of Geology, Kent State Univ., Kent, Ohio
Radford, A.E., Professor of Botany, UNC, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Simpson, Bob, Box 643, Morehead City, N.C.
Taggart, J.B., Division of Parks & Recreation, Dept. of Natural
Resources & Community Development, Raleigh, N.C.
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?y;
Unknown
335

18. Uses of natural area: Wildlife management area, hunting, fishing
and related recreation. A road and dock area on the west side of
Great Lake permit some public access.
19.. Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 100 %
b. Agricultural land
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry
% d. developed %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
3
90
U.S. Forest Service portion
6
10
Sutton tract (voluntarily registered with State as
protected natural area)
21. Regulatory protections in force:
None known
336

22. Threats: Potential lumbering and wild fire.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation:
The USFS area should be preserved and managed to
insure continuation of the forest community and to protect the lake
from development or adverse impacts. The private inholdings might be
included in the National Forest, protected through conservation ease-
ments or included on the State's Natural Heritage Registry to insure
that the natural significance is not destroyed.
337

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04
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GREAT LAKE SWEET GUM SWAMP FOREST
NATURAL AREA CRAVEN COUNTY
Y
NORTH CAROUNA
NOtlN UROIlIA OEPARTMEM Of TRANSPORTATgN
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r.
GREAT LAKE AND GREAT LAKE SWEET GUM SWAMP FOREST NATURAL AREA
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F 0 R
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GREAT LAKE AND
^'�I
* ,' r"
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GREAT LAKE SWEET GUM SWAMP FOREST
Maysville, H.C. Quad. 1947
I -
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339

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0

t'
. ANGIOSPERMS _
MASTER SPECIES PRESENCE LIST
Arales
Araceae
Peltandra sagittaefolia (Michaux)
Morong. 469*
Bromeliales
Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia usneoides L.
Celastrales
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex opaca Aiton 477*
Cornales
Nyssaceae
Nyssa,IXlvatica var. biflora
(Walter) Sargent
COMMUNITIES
1 2 1. Liquidambar
styraciflua/
Persea borbonia
1
2. Liquidambar
styraciflua/
Persea borbonia/
Persea borbonia-
1 Arundinaria
gigantea
1 2
.14
Cyperales
Cyperaceae
Carex debilis Michaux 487*
1
1
C. venusta Dewey 489*
1
Dulichium arundinaceum (L•)
Britton 501*
Eleocharis equisetoides (Ell.)
2
Torrey 2462**
Poaceae
Arundinaria gigantea (Walter)
2
Muhl. 2453**
Leersia LMr pica pilld. 494*
1 2
Microstegium vimineum (Trinius)
A. Camus. 49 1*
Panicum laxiflorum Lam.
1 2
1 2
Uniola laxa (L.) BSP. 492* 2456**
Ebenales
Symplocaceae
Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Her.
1 2
478* 500*
Ericales
Cyrillaceae 2
Ca ilia racemiflora L. 2451**
*Collection numbers of Michael G. Simpson, Botany Department, UNC-CH-
**Collection numbers of Tim Atkinson, Botany Department, UNC-CH.
341

C010MITIES
1
2
F-Acaceae
Cassandra calyculata (L.) D. Don. 481*
1
Leucothoe racemose (L.) Gray
2
Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch 473*
2
Vaccinium elliottii Chapman
2
Vaccinium vacillans Torrey 485* 503*
1
Fagales
Fagaceae
uercus nigra L.
1
Hamamelidales
Hamamelidaceae
Liquidambar styraciflua L. 498*
1
2
Liliales
Liliaceae
Smilax lg auca Walter 484*
1
2
S. laurifolia L.
1
S. rotundifolia L.
1
Magnoliales
Lauraceae
Persea borbonia (L.) Sprengel 476*
1
2
Myricales
Myricaceae
M.yrica cerifera L. 2457** 474*
1
2
•Myrtales
Lythraceae
Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. 497*
1
Piperales
Saururaceae
Saururus cernuus L. 482*
1
• Polemoniales
Convolvulaceae
'
Cuscuta compacta Jussieu 468*
1
Polygonales
Polygonaceae
Polygonum hydropiperoides var. oyelousanum
1
(Riddel ex Small) Stone 502*
Rhamaales
Rhamnaceae
Berchemia scandens (Hill) X. Koch 499*
1
Vitaceae
'
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchou 472*
1
Vitis rotundifolia Michaux 475*
1
2
_. - 342

Rosales
Saxifragaceae
Decumaria barbara L. 471*
Rubiales
Rubiaceae
Mitchella repens L. 493*
Sapindales
Aceraceae
Acer rubrum L. 470*
Anacardiaceae
Rhus radicans L. 488*
Scrophulariales
Bignoniaceae
Anisostichus capreolata (L.) Bureau 490*
Theales
Hypericaceae
Hypericum virginicum L. 480*
H. walteri Gmelin.
Theaceae
Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis 2459**
GYMNOSPERMS
Coniferales
Cupressaceae
Juniperus virginiana L. 479*
Taxodiaceae
Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard 486*
FERNS
Filicales
Blechnaceae
Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore 504*
W. virAinica (L.) Smith
Ophioglossales
Ophioglossaceae
Botrychium virstinianum (L.) Swartz 496*
Osmundales
Osmundaceae.
Osmunda cinnamomea L. 495*
0. re-galis var. spectabilis (Willd.)
Gray 483*
343 —
COMMUNITIES
1 2
1 2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1

27. Master species lists:
ANIMALS:
Amphibians
Southern leopard frog
Reptiles
American alligator
Water snake (Nerodia sp.)
(One seen in lake, 27 June 1971)
Copperhead
Birds
KEY PR:-- Permanent resident
SR= Summer
resident
WR= Winter
resident
V= Visitant
*= Breeds
or probably
breeds within area
Great blue heron
PR
American robin
WR
Green heron
SR*
Wood thrush
SR*
Little blue heron
V
Hermit thrush
WR
Canada goose
WR
Blue -gray gnatcatcher
SR*
Mallard
WR
Ruby -crowned kinglet
WR
Black duck
WR
White -eyed vireo
SR*
Wood duck
PR*
Red -eyed vireo
SR*
Turkey vulture
PR
Black -and -white warbler
SR*
Black vulture
PR
Prothonotary warbler
SR*
Red -shouldered hawk
PR*
Northern parula
SR*
Osprey
SR*
Yellow-rumped warbler
WR
Turkey
PR?
Black-thrtd. green warbl.
SR*
Killdeer
V
Yellow -throated warbler
SR*
Ring -billed gull
V
Prairie warbler
SR*
Mourning dove
PR*
Ovenbird
SR*
Yellow -billed cuckoo
SR*
Kentucky warbler
SR*
Ruby-thd. hummingbird
SR*
Common yellowthroat
PR*
Belted kingfisher
PR?
Hooded warbler
SR*
Common flicker
PR*
American redstart
SR*
Pileated woodpecker
PR*
(One in yellow plumage -
Red -bellied woodpecker
PR*
29 May 1971; one adult
Downy woodpecker
PR*
male-27 June 1971)
Eastern kingbird
SR*
Common grackle
SR?*
Great cr. flycatcher
SR*
Brown -headed cowbird
SR?*
Acadian flycatcher
SR*
Cardinal
PR*
Fish crow
PR?
American goldfinch
WR
Carolina chickadee
PR*
White-thrtd. sparrow
WR
Tufted titmouse
PR*
Fox sparrow
WR
Carolina wren
PR*
Swamp sparrow
WR
Song sparrow
WR
Mammals
Raccoon
White tail deer
Eastern gray squirrel
344

NATURAL AREA INVENTORY FORM
(To be prepared for each site)
Basic Information Summary Sheet
1. Natural Area Name: Fort Barnwell
2. County: Craven
3. Location: Along south bank of Neuse River, about 2 miles north of
Fort Barnwell crossroads.
4. Topographic quadrangle(s): Ayden
5. Size: 20 acres
6. Elevation: 10-30 feet
7. Access: Site can be reached by taking SR 1472 north from Fort
Barnwell to cemetary on north side of road. Natural area
is located north of the cemetary and just east of Halfmoon
Creek confluence with Neuse River.
8. .:Names of investigators: J. M. Lynch and J. H. Moore
9. Date(s) of investigation: May and June, 1979
10. Priority rating: High priority
345

11A. Prose Description of Site: Fort Barnwell natural area encompasses
steep north -facing slopes and marl outcrops on the south bank of the
Neuse giver and to the east a sheltered ravine formed by an unnamed
creek drains north into the river. At this site the Neuse River
has cut into and eroded the south bank exposing numerous outcrops
of fossiliferous marl which are part of the Castle Hayne limestone
formation. The presence of the marl along with more mesic, sheltered
conditions on the north -facing slopes, has enabled a plant community
to become established which has piedmont and montane affinities.
A number of plants usually associated with rich, mesic piedmont
slopes occur here. The exposed marl boulders also provide habitat for
two species of rare ferns, both of which are considered endangered
in North Carolina.
The slopes have an elevation differential, of about 20-25 feet.
Common canopy species are southern sugar maple (Acer saccharum sp.
floridanum), beech (Fagus grandifolia), white oak ( uercus alba)'and
bitternut hickory.(Carya cordiformis). Common shrubs include iron-
wood (Carpinus caroliniana), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida),
sweetleaf (Symplocos tinctoria) and spicebush (Lindera benzoin),
vines are common and include greenbriar (Smilax M.), crossvine
(Anisostichus capreolata), and peppervine (Ampelopsis arborea).
A diverse assemblage of herbs occur on the slopes, many of which
have piedmont affinities and are uncommon and local in the coastal
plain. Some of the more common herbs are bloodroot (Sanguinaria
canadensis), snakeroot (Sanicula gregaria), meadow parsnip (Thaspium
barbinode), and wild gingers (Asarum canadensis, Hexastylia arifolia).
Growing on the exposed marl outcrops are two rare ferns, Carolina
spleenwort fern (Asplenium heteroresiliens), and Tennessee bladder
fern (Cystopteris x tennesseensis).
The unusual assemblage of piedmont -mountain herbs can be
attributed to the high pH of the soil and the mesic micro -climate
of the site. The soil is buffered by basic cations derived from
the calcium -rich marl deposits. These high pH soils simulate those
formed over rich alluvium or basic rock formations in the N.C.
piedmont. The north -facing slopes provide a cooler and moisture
micro -climate by reducing the amount of late afternoon solar
radiation. The combination of these topoedcphic factors enables
this unusual plant community to maintain itself at the site.
346

11B. Prose Description of Site Significance: Fort Barnwell is significant
because it contains an unusual plant community with many species
which are uncommon or local in the coastal plain. The primary
significance of the site is the presence of two endangered ferns,
Carolina s.pieenwort fern and Tennessee bladder fern, both of which
occur in only a few very localities in the state.
347

12. Significance Summary Table (categories represented and descriptions) - by site
a. Feature
Ledend
b. Description of significant feature
c. Comparative assessment
Endangered Species
Marl
outcrops
Asplenium heteroresiliens
(Carolina S leenwort Fern)
Endangered throughout its
range in southeastern U.S.
Endangered Species
Marl
outcrops
Cystopteris tennesseensis
(Tennessee bladder fern)
Endangered disjunct -In NC kno
only from Craven & Jones Coun
Large population present at
site.
N
Unusual Species Assemblage
rth-facin
and
Unusual plant community containing
diverse assemblage of herbs with
Best example of this plant
community known in county.
sheltered
slopes
piedmont and mountain affinities.
ies.
CD
M

Leqal Status, Use, and Manaqement
13. Ownership type by percent area: Type
Private 100 %
Public %
Unknown %
14. Number of Owners: Unknown
15. Name(s) of owner(s) and/or custodian(s) (with addresses, phone numbers,
other pertinent information).
Unknown
16. Name(s) of knowledgeable person(s) (with addresses, phone numbers, other
pertinent information).
1) Vince Bellis, Dept. of Biology, East Carolina Univ.,
Greenville, NC 27834
2) Steve Leonard, General Delivery, Palmetto, Fla. 33561
0
17. Attitude of owner or custodian toward preservation (contacted?r
Unknown
349

18. Uses of natural area: The natural area is not presently being used
by the owner(s). The site has been selectively cut within the past
40-50 years. Several old marl pits are located on the site but
there is no evidence of recent mining activity in the area. The
site is probably used sparsely by deer and squirrel hunters in season.
1g,. Uses of surrounding land:
a. Wildland 5 %
b. Agricultural land 95 %
20. Preservation Status:
c. high -intensity forestry %
d. developed %
Cat
* %
*Description of preservation status
6
100
21. Regulatory protections in force:
None known.
350

22. Threats: There is always a possibility that the owner(s) may decide
to clearcut the timber and convert the present hardwood stand to
pine production. Physical characteristics of the site (relatively
steep slopes, small acreage) make it difficult to manage as a pine
plantation. Mining for marl is another possible threat but, again
not a very serious one if view of the fact that the site is small in
size and does not contain extensive marl reserves.
23. Management and Preservation Recommendation: It is recommended that the
site be preserved in its present natural state and managed for the
endangered species.
351

I 1:e1
.. ,•a„� • �O Oak Grove
��]•;� C;Iopman CT..> vt 1e.3 e. G�Y�.
i FORT BARNWELL 'r `
Map 1
y
Fort Barnwell
Natural Area, o
Craven County, NC
i192 / • f3orwlukl
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e
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of .�1,\ ♦ �� ( , !� ,t, i i �a•'. f .• I ,/S i,tl
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.C-, 1 i. � ,:• �t,�: I...� ,•.,,999 l,.[•'.S f_li,• :, � �......_I� r2.t.=',t'';... .! _,

27. Master species lists:
Trees
Acer saccharum sp-. floridanum
Carya cordiformis
Carya sp.
Fagus grandifolia
Juglans nigra
Quercus alba
Shrubs
Calicarpa americana
Carpinus caroliniana
Cornus florida
Euonymus americanus
Lindera benzoin
Morus rubra
Oxydendrum arboreum
Styrax grandifolia
Symplocos tinctoria
Herbs
Amsonia tabernaemontana
Aquilegia canadensis
Arisaema triphyllum
Aristolochia serpentaria
Asclepias varigata
Asarum canadensis
Asplenium heteroresiliens
Asplenium platyneuron
Athryium asplen6ides
Aureolaria virginica
Botrychim virginianum
Ceonothus americanus
Chain aelirium- luteum
Cystopteris x tennesseensis
Desmodium spp.
Dioscorea villosa
Erigeron sp.
Galium spp.
Hexastylis arifolia
Heuchera americana
Luzula sp.
Oxalis sp.
Podophyllum peltatum
Polygonatum bilflorum
Polystichum acrostichoides
Rhynchosia sp.
Sanguinaria canadensis
Sanicula gregaria
Scrophularia marilandica
Scutellaria eliptica
Silene virginica
Solidago spp.
Thaspium barbinode
Thelypteris hexagonoptera
Uniola sp.
Viola sp.
Vines and Lianas
Ampelopsis arborea
Anisostichus capreolata
Menispermum canadense
Smilax spp.
354

APPENDIX II
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
355

CEIP Publications
1. Hauser, E. W., P. D. Cribbins, P. D. Tschetter, and R. D. Latta.
Coastal Energy Transportation Needs to Support Major Energy Projects
in North Carolina's Coastal Zone. CEIP Report #1. September 1981. $10.
2. P. D. Cribbins. A Study of OCS Onshore Support Bases and Coal Export
Terminals. CEIP Report #2. September 1981. $10.
3. Tschetter, P. D., M. Fisch, and R. D. Latta. An Assessment of
Potential Impacts of Energy -Related Transportation Developments on
North Carolina's Coastal Zone. CEIP Report #3. July 1981. $10.
4. Cribbins, P. S. An Analysis of State and Federal Policies Affecting
Major Energy Projects in North Carolina's Coastal Zone. CEIP Report
A. September 1981. $10.
5. Brower, David, W. D. McElyea, D. R. Godschalk, and N. D. Lofaro.
Outer Continental Shelf Development -and the North Carolina Coast:
A Guide for Local Planners. CEIP Report #5. August 1981. $10.
6. Rogers, Golden and Halpern, Inc., and Engineers for'Energy and the
Environment, Inc. Mitigating the Impacts of Energy Facilities: A
Local Air Quality Program for the Wilmington, N. C. Area. CEIP
Report #6. September 1981. $10.
7. Richardson, C. J. (editor). Pocosin Wetlands: an Integrated Analysis
of Coastal Plain Freshwater Bogs in North Carolina. Stroudsburg (Pa):
Hutchinson Ross. 364 pp. $25. Available from School of Forestry,
Duke University, Durham, N. C. 27709. (This proceedings volume is for
a conference partially funded by N. C. CEIP. It replaces the N. C.
Peat Sourcebook in this publication list.)
8. McDonald, C. B. and A. M. Ash.. Natural Areas Inventory of Tyrrell
County, N. C. CEIP Report #8. October 1981. $10.
9. Fussell, J., and E. J. Wilson. Natural Areas Inventory of Carteret
County, N. C. CEIP Report #9. October 1981. $10.
10. Nyfong, T. D. Natural Areas Inventory of Brunswick County, N. C.
CEIP Report # 10. October 1981. $10.
11. Leonard, S. W., and R. J. Davis. Natural Areas Inventory for'Pender
County, N. C. CEIP Report #11. October 1981. $10.
12. Cribbins, Paul D., and Latta, R. Daniel. Coastal Energy Transporta-
tion Study: Alternative Technologies for Transporting and Handling
Export Coal. CEIP Report #12. January 1982. $10.
13. Creveling, Kenneth. Beach Communities and Oil Spills: Environmental
and Economic Consequences for Brunswick County, N. C. CEIP Report
#13. May 1982. $10.

CEIP Publications
14. Rogers, Golden and Halpern, Inc., and Engineers for Energy and the
Environment. The Design of a Planning Program to Help Mitigate Energy
Facility -Related Air Quality Impacts in the Washington County, North
Carolina Area. CEIP Report #14. September 1982. $10.
15. Fussell, J., C. B. McDonald, and A. M. Ash. Natural Areas Inventory
of Craven County, North Carolina. CEIP Report #15. October 1982.
$10.
16. Frost, Cecil C. Natural Areas Inventory of Gates County, North
Carolina. CEIP Report #16. April 1982. $10.
17. Stone, John R., Michael T. Stanley, and Paul T. Tschetter. Coastal
Energy Transportation,Study, Phase III, Volume 3: Impacts of Increased
Rail Traffic on Communities in Eastern North Carolina. CEIP Report #17.
August 1982. $10.
19. Pate, Preston P., and Jones, Robert. Effects of Upland Drainage on
Estuarine Nursery Areas of Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. CEIP
Report #19. December 1981. $1.00.
25. Wang Engineering Co., Inc. Analysis of the Impact of Coal Trains
Moving Through Morehead City, North Carolina. CEIP Report #25.
October 1982. $10.
26. Anderson & Associates, Inc. Coal Train Movements Through the City of
Wilmington, North Carolina. CEIP Report #26. October 1982. $10.
27. Peacock, S. Lance and J. Merrill Lynch. Natural Areas Inventory of
Mainland Dare County, North Carolina. CEIP Report #27. November 1982.
$10.
28. Lynch, J. Merrill and S. Lance Peacock. Natural Areas Inventory of
Hyde County, North Carolina. CEIP Report #28. October 1982. $10.
29. Peacock, S. Lance and J. Merrill Lynch. Natural Areas Inventory of
Pamlico County, North Carolina. CEIP Report #29.' November 1982. $10.
30. Lynch, J. Merrill and S, Lance Peacock. Natural Areas Inventory of
Washington County, North Carolina. CEIP Report #30. October 1982.
$10.
31. Muga, Bruce J. Review and Evaluation of Oil Spill Models for Applica-
tion to North Carolina Waters. CEIP Report #31. August 1982. $10.
33. Sorrell, F. Yates and Richard R. Johnson. Oil and Gas Pipelines in
Coastal North Carolina: Impacts and Routing Considerations. CEIP
Report #33. December 1982. $10.
34. Roberts and'Eichler Associates, Inc. Area Development Plan for Radio
Island. CEIP Report #34. June 1983. $10.
35. Cribbins, Paul D. Coastal Energy Transportation Study, Phase III,
Volume 4: The Potential for Wide -Beam, Shallow -Draft Ships to Serve
Coal and Other Bulk Commodity Terminals along the Cape Fear River.
CEIP Report #35. August 1982. $10.