Land Use Plan Update-1990

CITY OF WASHINGTON
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE 1990
PROPERTY OF
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE

i
CITY OF WASHINGTON
' LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
1990
1
F
Prepared For.
WASHINGTON CITY COUNCIL
Sam R. "Bud" Fowle, III, Mayor
Judy Meier, Mayor Pro Tent
Floyd Brothers
Ed Gibson
Jack Pyburn
Dick Reynolds
Prcnared
WASHINGTON PLANNING BOARD
Doug Mercer, Chairman Roger Quiring
Jane Alligood Sandra Sauve
Bill Outland Russell Smith
Robert Culler Robert Thomas
Alice Mills -Sadler and John Wehrenberg
Technical Assistance Bv:
Edward Burchins, City Manager
Buddy Cutler, Inspections and Zoning
With Special Thanks to
Russell Waters, Interim City Manager
Rita Thompson, City Clerk
THE MID -EAST COMMISSION
P.O. Box 1787
Washington, NC 27889
Robert J. Paciocco, Planner -in -Charge
Jane Daughtridge, Planner
Lou Valenti, Cartographer
Jeanne Ashmore, Secretary
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office
of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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CITY OF WASHINGTON
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
1990
P
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Adopted March, 11, 1991
CRC Certification March 22, 1991
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P�
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
L INTRODUCTION ..........................................
1
A.
The Importance of Planning .............................
1
IL PRESENT CONDITIONS ..................................
3
A.
Population and Economy ...............................
3
B.
Existing Land Use ....................................
6
C.
Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations ...:..................
8
III. CONSTRAINTS ... ..................... .......... ...
11
A.
Land Suitability ....... .............................
11
1. Physical Limitations .................. ....... ....
11
2. Fragile Areas ................::...................
12
3. Areas with Resource Potential ...... ............ ...
16
B.
Carrying Capacity Analysis .. ....... ..... .........
17
1. Existing Water and Sewer Service .......................
17
2. Schools ..... ........... ......... ...........
17
3. Landfills ........................................
18
4. Police and Fire Protection ............. ....... ....
18
5. Public Administrative Ability ..........................
19
6. Streets ..........................................
19
7. Housing .........................................
19
8. Recreation .......................................
19
C.
Estimated Demand ....................................
19
D.
Summary ..........................................
21
IV. POLICY STATEMENTS .....................................
22
A.
1985 Policy Assessment ..................................
22
1. Resource Protection Policies ...........................
23
2. Resource Production and Management ....................
24
3. Economic and Community Development ..................
25
4. Storm Hazard Mitigation .............................
27
5. Public Participation .................................
28
i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
IV. POLICY STATEMENTS, B. 1990 Policy Statements, continued
B. 1990 Policy Statements .................................
1. Resource Protection ................ ... ..... .
2. Resource Production and Management ....................
3. Economic and Community Development ..................
4. Continuing Public Participation .........................
Washington Planning Board Meeting Schedule .......... .... .
Public Survey Results ...............................
A Resolution Describing the 1990 Land Use Plan Update
Public Participation Plan .... ..................... .
V. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST DISASTER
RECOVERY AND EVACUATION PLANS .......... ........... .
A. Overview .........................................
B. Storm Hazards ......................................
1. Storm Hazards ................... .............. .
2. Severity of Risk ...................................
C. Recommended Policies Regarding Storm Mitigation .............
D. Reconstruction ......................................
E. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Policies ........................
VL LAND CLASSIFICATION
A. Developed ..............
B. Urban Transition .................... .............. .
C. Limited Transition ....................................
D. Rural ..............................................
E. Conservation ....... ........... ................ .
ii
29
29
36
39
43
45
46
i�,
50
50
50
50
50
52
52
53
55
55
55
56
56
57

TABLE OF CONTENTS
VII. RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION ........ 58
A. Developed Classification 58
B. Urban Transition Classification ........................... 58
C. Rural Classification ................................... 58
D. Conservation Classification .............................. 58
VIII. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND RAPLEMENTATION .. 59
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
LISTING OF TABLES, FIGURES, AND MAPS
TABLE
1.
Population Change, 1970, 1980, and 1988 ....................
3
TABLE
2.
Race and Sex Characteristics, 1980 and 1988 ..................
4
TABLE
3.
Median Age Trends, 1970-2010 ...........................
4
TABLE
4.
Washington Manufacturing Firms, 1989 ......................
5
TABLE
5.
Summary of New Construction, 1985-1989 ....................
7
TABLE
6.
Prime Farmland Soils ..................................
16
TABLE
7.
Washington City Schools ................................
18
TABLE
8.
City of Washington Population Projections by Age Groups ........
20
TABLE
9.
Severity of Risk in Hazard Areas ..........................
51
FIGURE 1.
Environmental System Areas of Environmental Concern ..........
15.1
MAP 1.
City of Washington New Development, Manmade Hazards
and Water Supply Locations, 1985-1989 .....................
6.1
MAP 2.
City of Washington Existing Land Use, 1990 ..................
8.1
MAP 3.
Downtown Washington Existing Land Use, 1990 ...............
8.2
MAP 4.
City of Washington Flood Hazard .........................
11.1
MAP 5.
City of Washington Land Classification, 1990 ..................
57.1
iii

' INTRODUCTION
' A TIC DAPORTANCE OF PLANNING
' Planning allows a community to determine its own future by setting forth policies that allow or
discourage certain kinds of development. A plan answers three basic questions: What are we like
today? What do we want to be like ten years from now? What steps can we take to move in that
direction?
A Land Use Plan is a collection of policy statements which serve as guidelines for local, State, and
Federal officials when making decisions affecting development. It is also intended to influence private
individuals when they make decisions regarding development.
' The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (CAMA) requires all county governments in the twenty
designated counties of North Carolina and municipalities in those counties, at their option, to develop
a land use plan. The purpose of the plan is to assure orderly growth in North Carolina's coastal area
and to protect important natural resources.
' This land use plan is developed to serve the City of Washington for a period of ten years. CAMA
requires that the plan be updated every five years.
Land use plans prepared by local governments in the coastal area are distributed widely and have
' many uses. Plans are reviewed and used by local governments, regional councils of government, State
and Federal permitting agencies and public and private funding and development groups.
The discussion of policies, the land classification map, and the relationship between the two serve
' as basic tools for coordinating policies, standards, regulations, and other government activities at the
local, State, and Federal levels. This coordination is described by three applications:
1. The policy discussion and the land classification map encourage coordination and
' consistency between local land use policies and the State and Federal governments.
Local, land use plans are the principal policy guides for governmental decisions and
activities which affect land uses in the coastal area.
2. Local land use plans provide a framework for budgeting and planning for the provision
and expansion of community facilities such as water and sewer systems, schools, and
' roads.
3. Local land use plans aid in better coordination of regulatory decisions by describing
local land use policies and designating specific areas for certain types of activities, thus
' directing other city tools such as zoning and subdivision ordinances.
' Local Government Uses - Counties and municipalities should use the local land use plans in their day-
to-day decision making and in planning for the future. Land use plans should provide guidance in local
policy decisions relating to overall community development. Plans also provide the basis for
development regulations and capital facility planning and budgeting. By identifying how the community
prefers to grow, land'use plans help to assure the best use of tax dollars for extension of public utilities
and services to areas designated for development.

2
Regional Uses - The regional councils of government on planning and regional development
commissions use the local land use plans as a basis for their regional plans and in their function as
regional clearinghouse for State and Federal funding programs. Local plans indicate to these regional
agencies what types of development the community feels are important and where the development
should take place.
State and Federal Government Uses - Local land use plans are used as one major criteria in granting
or denial of permits for various developments within the coastal area. State and Federal agencies must
be sure that their decisions consider the policies and land classification system which are described by
local governments in their plans. The Coastal Area Management Act stipulates that no development
permit may be issued if the development is inconsistent with local land use plans. Similarly, decisions
relating to the. use of Federal or State funds within coastal counties and towns, and projects being
undertaken by State and Federal agencies themselves must also be consistent with the local plans. State
agencies also use the plans in their review of funding programs. Therefore, it is vitally important that
local governments take the opportunity to be as definitive as possible in developing their policy
statements and land classification system to minimize interpretive decisions on the part of State and
Federal review, permit, and funding agencies.
Planning for the future is of particular importance to Washington, North Carolina. 'Washington
has played an important role in North Carolina's history since it was founded in 1775 by James Bonner.
It grew to be one of the State's most important ports by the late 19th and early 20th Century and
became the county seat of Beaufort County.
When inland transportation routes improved with the advent of railroad construction, hard -surface
roads and modern trucking, Washington's importance began to . diminish. The wharves became
dilapidated and a general economic downturn was experienced.
Washington first recognized the need for planning during the early 1950s when it initiated zoning.
Organized efforts continued in the 1960s when the City Council appointed a Citizen's Committee to
investigate the possibility of initiating urban renewal projects which eventually led to the Downtown
Waterfront Urban Renewal Project. The execution of this project resulted in a complete renovation
of the waterfront area. Abandoned warehouses, and dilapidated buildings and piers were cleared out.
The land was built up and the Stewart Parkway was constructed. A park -like waterfront area for the
public was also created. The bulkhead was furnished with free water and metered electricity to
accommodate overnight docking.
Over time, additional development activities have evolved. Washington Square Mall was developed
as an alternative commercial and retail center to the. Central Business District. Main and Market
Streets were renovated in an effort to create an amenable atmosphere downtown.
Planning achievements continued with community development/redevelopment projects and housing
for low and moderate income groups using Community Development Block Grants, the creation of a
National Register Historic District and a local historic zoning district which approximates the National
Register District.
Widening of US 264 between Greenville and Washington as well as completion of US 264 Bypass
along Fifteenth Street has encouraged development in those areas.
Thus far, Washington has been tremendously successful in responding to its changing economic
base. It now must prepare for the challenges of the future.
I

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U. PRESENT CONDITIONS
A. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
The 1985 Land Use Plan utilized only data from 1980 or before and noted the decrease in
population between 1970 and 1980. This trend has not continued through the 1980s according to
estimates from the North Carolina State Data Center. In fact, recent estimates (1988) indicate a 13.7%
increase in the City's population between 1980 and 1988, compared to a change of 5.1% for Beaufort
County, and 10.3% for the State as a whole (Table 1).
A new census will be taken in 1990 but results will not be published until 1991. Review of those
results is encouraged to verify or refute assumed trends in this plan.* Estimates used here are derived
from prorations of county estimates for categories of information where municipal estimates are not
provided by the State Data Center.
TABLE 1. Population Change, 1970, 1980, and 1988.
1970
1980
ESTIMATED
1988
% CHANGE
1980-1988
City of Washington 8,961
8,418
9,573
13.7
Beaufort County 35,980
40,355
42,432
5.1
North Carolina 5,084,411
5,880,095
6,487,438
10.3
Source: North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management, North Carolina
Municipal Population 1988, Raleigh, NC, January 1990.
In 1980, the County population was 68.1% white and 52.5% female, while the City was composed
of 58.3% white and 54.5% female population. North Carolina as a whole was 75.8% white and 51.5%
female. Rough estimates for 1988 are shown in Table 2.
Because non -whites and females are typically the most dependent segments of society, increases in
these populations can indicate greater demand on public resources. The estimated trend for the City
of Washington predicts a slight decrease in proportions of nonwhites but an increase in females.
*Preliminary 1990 Census figures show actual growth at 0.8% per year, off considerably from the projections. Racial composition
is also not consistent with projected trends, with overall 53.6% white, 45.8% black, and 0.6% other.
3

4
TABLE 2. Race and Sex Characteristics, 1980 and 1988.
% OF POPULATION
UASHINGTON
1980 1988
% OF POPULATION
BEAUFORT COUNTY
1980 1988
% OF POPULATION
NORTH CAROLINA
1980 1988
White Mate
26.6
26.8
32.7 33.5
37.0 36.8
White Female
31.7
31.9
35.4 36.3
38.8 39.0
Non -White Male
18.8
18.6
14.8 13.7
11.5 11.3
Non -White Female
22.8
22.7
17.1 16.5
12.7 12.9
Source: 1980 Census of Population, North Carolina Municipal Population •1988, North
Carolina Population Projections 1988-2010, North Carolina Office of State
Budget and Management.
The population in Beaufort County, like the State and the Nation, is aging. Since 1970 there has
been a steady increase in median age, and that increase is expected to continue. Table 3 shows this
trend compared to the State.
Elderly citizens have special needs for housing, health care, protection, and other services. It is
important to recognize the potential impact of an aging society when planning for the future.
TABLE 3. Median Age Trends, 1970-2010.
BEAUFORT COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA
MEDIAN AGE 10 YR. % CHANGE MEDIAN AGE 10 YR. % CHANGE
1970 29.0
26.5 -
1980 31.2 7.6
29.6 11.7
1988 34.0 -
32.6 -
1990 34.6 10.9
33.2 12.2
2000 38.5 11.3
36.7 10.5
2010 41.4 7.5
39.7 8.2
Source: North Carolina Population Projections 1988-2010." North Carolina Office of
State Budget and Management, 1989.

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5
Washington is the County Seat of Beaufort County and the largest municipality. Its location at the
crossroads of major transportation routes US 17 and US 264 has made it a retail trade center for area
residents and a destination point for employment purposes. County offices, courts, and jail functions,
and the services associated with these functions, are a vital part of the City's economy.
Per capita income in Beaufort County was estimated at $11,289 in 1987. While this figure was
15.3% lower than per capita for the State as a whole, it has been steadily improving over time.
Earnings of persons employed in Beaufort County increased 8.7 percent from 1986 to 1987. The
slowest growing industry sector was services. This may be significant since much of the City's economic
base relies upon the service sector. Washington's industrial base has also shown steady, but gradual,
growth. The City's proximity and easy access to Greenville, North Carolina, which is a diverse regional
center, acts as a catalyst for economic opportunities.
TABLE 4. Washington Manufacturing Firms, 1989.
NAME
Atwood Morrill Co., Inc.
Safer, Inc.
Bonny Products, Inc.
Coca Cola Bottling
Donnelly Marketing
Fountain Power Boats
Hamilton Beach
Hackney Industries
J.S. Hill Corp.
Mason Lumber Co.
Moss Planing Mill
National Spinning
Pamlico Technical Molding, Inc.
Samson Manufacturing Co.
Stanadyne, Inc.
White Rock Products
Washington Garment Co.
Washington News Publishing Co.
Washington Packing Co.
PRODUCT
Valves
Plastic injection molding
Assembly of kitchenware
Carbonated beverages
Direct mail
Power boats, etc.
Household appliances
Aluminum truck bodies
Ready mix concrete/stone
Lumber/logs
lumber/millwork
Yarn/fabric
Injection molding
Shirts
Diesel fuel injection components
Carbonated beverages
Contract sewing
Newspaper
Sausage/pork products
# OF EMPLOYEES
56
9
150
21
300
307
900
200
10
50
45
1,737
33
250
222
29
85
60
30
TOTAL 4,494
I
Source: 1989-90 Manufacturing Firms Directory, North Carolina Department of
Commerce, 1989 and personal communications, July 1990.

Gol
Tourism is also an important component of the Washington economy. While figures are not
available for the City alone, Beaufort County travel revenues for 1988 totalled nearly $6 million. Travel
related employment (1987) was 928 jobs according to the North Carolina Department of Travel and
Tourism. The Washington Chamber of Commerce serves as a visitor center in the absence of an
official center, but does not compile tourist data. Rough estimates place total tourists per year in the
area at about 1.5 million persons.
According to the 1988 North Carolina Travel Study conducted by the NC Division of Travel and
Tourism, each travel dollar yields another 79 cents of Secondary business volume spending as it moves
through the economy of an area and 29 cents in secondary personal income. Additionally, each. travel
job supports another two-thirds job.
The City is increasing its promotional efforts through the Spring Tulip Festival, the Summer
Festival, held in July, Winter berthing of the Half Moon replica and its associated development at
Haven's Wharf, and restoration of the DeMille Theatre. The Historic District does not provide tours
of individual structures, but a walking tour is directed by signs throughout the District.
Employment rates for the City have been very positive in recent years. Statistics are kept on a
countywide basis as opposed to local breakdowns, but a large portion of County employment may be
attributed to the City's industries. In December 1988, the unemployment rate for Beaufort County was
just 4.7 percent. Non -manufacturing employment accounts for approximately 69% of the workforce.
B. EXISTING LAND USE
Land use in the Washington planning jurisdiction has not changed significantly since the 1985
Update. Building permits issued in 1988 and 1989 indicate an increase in commercial development over
the prior three years. This has occurred along the primary traffic arteries for the most part.
Residential permits have been fairly evenly divided between single-family stick -built units and mobile
homes. Most mobile homes have located in parks north, east, and south of the City limits. Individual
mobile home lots are developing in the east along Slatestone Road and River Road and in the west
on Clark's Neck Road.
Pamlico Plaza Shopping Center and Cherry Run Shopping Center have been developed since 1985,
and additional stores have filled in at Washington Corner, Washington Plaza, and Washington Square
Mall. A new high school has been built, the sewage treatment plant was expanded, and an alcoholic
treatment facility center was built.
Washington Harbour Condominiums have expanded by nineteen units over the past five years and
housing redevelopment has occurred between Fleming and Washington Streets south of 5th Street,
east of Bridge Street at Daniels Court and Bryan Court, and along west 6th Street between Van Norden
and Gladden. Infill development has continued in the Smallwood Subdivision and in Tranter's Creek
area.
Overall, development has remained relatively equally divided between the City and the
extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) during the past five years. Slightly more building permits were issued
in the ETJ during 1987 through 1989. In 1985 and 1986, the trend was just opposite. A summary of
building permits for new construction is shown in Table 5. Relative locations are shown on the New
Development Map on page 6.1.
High density development prevails near the waterfront areas within the City limits, reflecting
average urban patterns. The City radiates from a central business district which is located within one
block of the riverfront. , Large areas of impervious surfaces dominate. The City maintains a riverwalk
area and open spaces along Stewart Parkway on the waterfront. Ample free parking for downtown
shoppers and other visitors is provided in lots along the north side of Stewart Parkway.
H

us
t
00
1 BAR
s\ 1 c
t
US 17
REET
EXT.
,on
US 264
C I t y of Washington
New Development, Man made Hazards &
Water Supply Locations
New Building Permits 1985-1989
(locations are approximate)
MM Mobile Homes
Single Family Site Built
® Multi Family
Commercial/Industrial
® Other - School
Wastewater Treatment
Alcohol Treatment Center
A Manmade hazards
* Water supply
(Surface & groundwater)
-- City Boundary
6ASHINCTON, BEAUFORT COUNTY
-- E T J Boundary ,-_--__
16 tH K fl
0 4000 8000
wASMCTON
I
FEET
o COWT ;t
l` inO
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN
PART THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH �\
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH
FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF \
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION — —
6.'

C
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7
TABLE S. Summary of New Construction, 1985-1989.
5 YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
TOTAL
Mobile Homes
53
49
36
42
30
210
Single -Family Homes
51
40
31
37
48
207
Duplex
1
-
2
3
2
8
Multi -Family
-
2
2
3
-
7
*Commercial
10
5
8
14
21
58
*Office
-
6
5
4
-
15
Church
-
-
-
2
1
3
School
-
-
-
2
-
2
Municipal Use
-
2
-
-
-
2
Alcoholic Treatment Center
-
-
1
-
-
1
Group Home
_
_
1
1
_
_2
TOTAL
115
104
86
108
102
515
(City)
(61)
(63)
(41)
(53)
(46)
(264)
(ETJ)
(54)
(41)
(45)
(55)
(56)
(251)
*NOTE: Office Construction may sometimes have been classified as commercial
development for permit purposes.
Source: City of Washington building
permit books, 1985-1989.
Running east along the River past.the parkway is a marine sales business and Moss Planing Mill,
a lumber operation encompassing about eighteen acres of land and one-third of a mile of waterfront.
Residential uses back onto the rail line which follows the riverfront for about one block and Haven's
Garden Park completes the eastern waterfront. A public boat launch is located in this area on Jack's
Creek just behind the Washington Park Bridge.
West of the Pamlico River Bridge at Highway 17, riverfront uses are residential, culminating at the
Washington Harbor development off Hackney Avenue. Within the City limits, only the sewage
treatment plant at the end of Plymouth Street fronts on the water.
National Spinning Company is a large yarn -producing industry and a major employer just outside
the City limits on the waterfront at Kennedy Creek. The remainder of the western riverfront
jurisdiction is undeveloped wetland; however, the area is currently zoned for industrial uses. Further
west along Tranter's Creek there are low density residential and spotty agricultural uses.
The City limits extend to the south shore of the Tar/Pamlico River, but all development on the
south shore lies within the extraterritorial jurisdiction. Strip commercial uses run south along Highway
17 to Whichard's Beach Road. Waterfront areas on the south shore are undeveloped wetland forest

west along the Tar River and east along the Pamlico River to Rodman Creek. Residential development
then follows the waterfront to Whichard's Beach. Mobile homes are very evident in this portion of the '
jurisdiction.
The northern sector of the jurisdiction follows a pattern of gradually decreasing densities radiating
out of the high density downtown core. The municipal airport, Warren Field, lies just off Market
Street Extension. Since the 1985 Plan Update, instrument landing equipment has been installed and '
the terminal has been remodelled. Agriculture and forestland currently surround the airport and act
as a visual buffer; however, residential mobile home development along Spring Road and in Springdale
Village has intensified in the past two years. Smallwood Subdivision just east of the airport has also '
experienced significant growth of low density, middle to upper class, single-family homes. Large tracts
of agricultural land dominate the northern fringe of the jurisdiction. An existing land use map and
downtown insert follow on pages 8.1 and 8.2. ,
Widening of US 264 to a four -lane divided highway between Greenville and Washington has greatly
enhanced ease of access from and to the west. While no comparisons were readily available for traffic
counts prior to the project, 1989 average daily traffic (ADT) was 13,400 cars just west of the City '
limits, and District Department of Transportation (DOT) Engineers agree that the flow of traffic has
improved greatly. Projects for the period to 1996 within the jurisdiction include widening of Highway
264 east from Washington Corner Shopping Center to Douglas Crossroads. Local DOT road paving
projects actually scheduled for 1989-90 are a portion of Rosedale Subdivision and SR 1405 west of the I
City limits, and Isabella Avenue off North Shores Road east of Washington Park.
C. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS '
The City of Washington has a number of local plans at its disposal; however, most of these are
more than five years old. A Capital Improvements Plan was used in the past but the practice has been '
discontinued in recent years. Written policies for extension of services are found in the Washington
City Code. Land use policies appear in the CAMA Land Use Plans. Regulatory tools which control
development are all enforced through the City's Inspections Department. ,
The last major rewrite of the City's zoning ordinance was in 1973. Subdivision regulations were
written in about 1968 with a supplement in 1981. Because these documents are the primary means of
implementing planning goals, a systematic, comprehensive review of all regulatory documents should be '
encouraged. Such a review should seek to assure compatibility among all development regulations and
plans.
1. PLANS '
a. Greater Washington 201 Facilities Plan
July 1977, Amended November 1978 ,
(Freeman Associates, High Point, NC).
b. January 1985 Addendum to the 201 Facilities Plan
(Rivers & Associates, Greenville, NC). '
A "201 Facilities Plan" is a master plan for wastewater collection,
treatment, and disposal facilities. The 201 Program developed in '
response to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendment of
1972 which determined as national policy that the United States would
clean up its rivers and streams. Congress has financed millions of '

T A .R
VISIIINGTON, BEIUFORT COUNTY
A HIK1M �•n �u '
T. \
� f
� _ J
.Down town
existing
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP WAS FINANCED IN
PART THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED BY THE NORTH
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH
FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
1972, AS AMENDED, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
Washington
Land Use t 9 9 0
®Residential
® Parking
® Industrial
® Commercial
® Parks
® Private Institution
PubI is Institution
Vacant
0 700 1400
FEEL
8.2

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dollars worth of improvements in treatment and transporting systems in
localities across.the country, first through 75/25 grants and now through
low interest loans. The Greater Washington Plan included a scheme for
provision of sewer services to the Towns of Chocowinity and Washington
Park, and portions of Whichard's Beach and River Road.
b. The Downtown Plan and The Gap, 1979
(Land and Community Associates, Charlottesville, VA).
This plan is basically a market survey and an image proposal
for the Central Business District, particularly the waterfront area.
C. 1976 Washington Land Development Plan
(Washington Planning Board, Washington, NC).
1980 Washington Land Development Plan
(Robert M. Leary & Associates, Raleigh, NC).
1985 Washington, North Carolina, Land Use Plan 1985-1995
(Planning and Design Associates, Raleigh, NC).
These are the original and updated CAMA plans.
d. Heritage and Promise: Washington Returns to the River -
' A Community Development Plan, August 1988
(Washington Development Advisory Commission and
Libby Anderson/Louis Taylor, Washington, NC).
L
This is a redevelopment plan for the downtown area from the waterfront
to Fifth Street.
e. Transportation Plan for Washington and Washington Party 1979
(T.L. Waters, NC Department of Transportation, Raleigh, NC).
This plan assesses the existing street system in 1979 and recommends
improvements to better facilitate the flow of traffic.
f. 1982 Warren Airport'Plan
(Talbert, Cox, and Associates, Wilmington, NC).
This plan addresses noise, obstructions, layout/access, and airport vicinity
concerns.

K11
2. ORDINANCES
a. Zoning Ordinance (1955)
• Mobile Homes/Mobile Home Parks
• Historic District (1978)
• Airport Zoning (1973)
• Flood Zoning
b. Subdivision Regulations (1968, Supplement 1981)
C. North Carolina Building Code
d. Southern Builders Model Housing Code
e. Sign Ordinance
State and Federal regulations pertaining to development are listed in Appendix A.

I
1 A- LAND SUITABILITY
The general suitability of undeveloped land is determined by consideration of physical limitations,
' fragile areas, and areas of resource potential. Discussion of this topic is required by the CAMA
guidelines because it is helpful for localities to recognize sensitive areas within their jurisdictions when
developing policies for growth.
' 1. PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS include natural and manmade hazards, areas with soil
limitations, sources of water supply, and areas of high erosion potential.
' a. Natural Hazards in the Washington planning jurisdiction are the
floodprone areas shown on the Flood Hazard Map on page 11.1.
These areas are also subject to erosion.
' Manmade hazards in the area are three commercial bulk fuel
storage facilities and air traffic. The commercial fuel distribution
facilities are Moore Oil on the west side of the jurisdiction, which
' has a 300,000 gallon storage capacity; Taylor Oil & Gas, located
east beyond Washington Park, which has 168,000 gallon capacity;
and Winfield Distributor on Park Drive near Haven's Gardens
Park, which has 135,000 gallon capacity. These hazards are noted
' on the New Development Map on page 6.1.
Warren Field Airport is primarily a corporate/charter
airfield with a low volume of daily flights. The airport's fuel farm
' stores 24,000 gallons of 100 octane and jet fuels. Above -ground
tanks are currently being installed. Military flyovers are a presence
in the area but are not perceived as a significant problem at this
' time. The City would generally oppose activity which negatively
impacts current or future use of the municipal airport.
b. Areas of soil limitations for development are largely associated
with unsuitability for septic tanks in areas unserved by the
municipal sewer system. Highly erodible soils are virtually
nonexistent in the jurisdiction except as associated with floodprone
' areas. A septic tank suitability map of the area is shown in
Appendix A.
' C. Sources of potable water supply for Washington are surface water
and groundwater. The surface water plant. on Plymouth Street
draws water from Tranter's Creek at the County line and at Clark's
Neck Road. Groundwater is drawn from one deep well at
' Slatestone Hills. The watershed east of the City of Greenville to
the Washington City Limits is mainly composed of agricultural and
residential uses. This area also includes the recharge area for the
' Castle Hayne Aquifer, from which groundwater is drawn from
1 11

12 '
F1
Miocene and water table aquifers. The watershed land uses are
important to monitor because area runoff provides surface water
,
to the streams and creeks. Pollutants do not affect the quality of
municipal drinking water because that water is pre-treated;
however, the cost of pre-treatment may be adversely affected.
Likewise, recharge areas are important to monitor because these
,
are the points at which surface water is able to percolate into the
rock layers to replenish underground water supplies. There are no
outstanding concerns about water quality or quantity with regard
,
to groundwater according to the Regional Office of the
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources,
Groundwater Section. As the recharge area along US 264 near
Pactolus develops, reasonable land use is urged, and caution should
'
be taken to assure that agricultural chemicals are applied only
according to manufacturer's directions. Additionally, the City
must control development within a 100 foot radius of the
,
municipal well site to protect water quality. The quantity and
quality of the "raw" surface water supply at intake are also
considered adequate. Much attention, however, has been given
'
recently to the quality of treated water in the City. In the
Summer of 1989, the City's treated water supply was declared
unsafe for consumption due to trihalomethane levels which were
above tolerable limits. The highest reading at that time was 1300
parts per billion. The problem was traced to unexpected chemical
reactions within the chlorination process. Modifications to the
system included a 100 parts per million carbon treatment. The
,
highest recent level of trihalomethanes has been 49-78 micrograms
per liter.
d. Areas where slope exceeds 12% or areas with a high erosion
,
potential where bulkheads may be constructed in the future.
There are no areas where predominant slope exceeds 12%. As
previously mentioned, floodprone areas have erosion potential and
'
these encompass a large percentage of the developed area;
however, the reference to locations where bulkheads may be
constructed limits the discussion to waterfront properties. In the
,
Washington jurisdiction, much of the undeveloped waterfront is
wetland. Of the developed waterfront, roughly half appears to be
stabilized with bulkheads; the other half, with rock revetments.
Construction of bulkheads would require issuance of a CAMA
'
General Permit by the CAMA permit officer. The City may enact
policy more, but not less, restrictive than State guidelines if it
chooses.
'
2. FRAGILE AREAS are those which could easily be damaged or destroyed by inappropriate
'
or poorly -planned development. These have unique qualities which make them valuable
to man and nature. Washington is rich with unique and fragile features which may need
special protection. The Coastal Area Management Act refers to the most important coastal
fragile areas as Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) and provides for a system of local
'
and State regulations to protect these resources. The following excerpts from A Guide to

,
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13
Protecting Coastal Resources Through the CAMA Permit Program* explains the estuarine
system AECs applicable to the Washington planning area:
"The estuarine system is the coast's broad network of
brackish sounds, marshes, and the shorelines surrounding them.
These lands and waters support an abundance of plant and animal
life and are a great economic and recreational resource. Each
component of theestuarine system depends in some way on the
others. Any alteration, however slight, in one part of the estuarine
system may have unforeseen consequences in other parts of the
system. For example, the destruction of a salt marsh may lower
the quality of estuarine waters and stimulate the erosion of nearby
shorelines.
"As an interdependent collection of lands and waters, the
estuarine .system needs coordinated management to ensure that
human activities in one part of the system do not damage other
parts of the system. Development in the estuarine system needs
to be managed in order to protect the system's important values
and benefits. These values include:
good water quality for commercial and sport
fishing, recreation, and human consumption of fish
and shellfish;
continued free public use of navigable waters; and
undisturbed nursery areas, spawning areas, shellfish
beds, and other important habitats.
"The following components of the estuarine system have
been designated as AECs: estuarine waters, public trust areas,
coastal wetlands, and estuarine shorelines.
ESTUARINE WATERS
"Estuarine waters are the most extensive component of the
estuarine system: the state's sounds and tidal rivers link the
wetlands, estuarine shorelines, and public trust areas. The Coast
Area Management Act defines estuarine waters as 'all the waters
of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and
all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto
seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and
inland fishing waters, as set forth in an agreement adopted by the
Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development' For the specific
boundaries of estuarine and inland waters contact the nearest
Division of Coastal Management office.
"The high biological productivity of the estuarine system
depends on the unique water circulation patterns of the estuarine
waters. These patterns are caused by tidal energy, the mixtures of
saltwater and freshwater flows, and shallow water depths. The

14
circulation of estuarine waters transports nutrients and plankton,
spreads young fish and shellfish, flushes plant and animal wastes,
cleanses the system of pollutants, controls salinity, shifts sediments,
and mixes the water to create a multitude of productive habitats.
These habitats include nursery areas, mud and sand flats, salt
marshes, submerged vegetation beds, and shellfish beds. The
estuarine are also an important economic resource because they
support boating, fishing, swimming, and other recreational
activities. They also have considerable value for education and
personal enjoyment.
PUBLIC TRUST AREAS
"Public trust AECs cover waters and submerged lands in
the coastal region where the public has rights of use and/or
ownership, including rights of navigation and recreation. These
areas support valuable commercial and recreational fisheries and
are important resources for economic development. The following
lands and waters are public trust areas:
• all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the
land thereunder from the mean high water
mark to the seaward limit of state
jurisdiction;
• all natural bodies of water, and all lands
thereunder, to the mean high water mark;
• all navigable natural bodies of water, and
all lands thereunder, except privately -
owned lakes to which the public has no
right of access;
• all water in artificially -created bodies of
water containing significant public fishing
resources or other public resources which
are accessible to the public by navigation
from bodies of water in which the public
has rights of navigation; and
• all waters in artificially -created bodies of
water in which the public has acquired
rights by prescription, custom, usage,
dedication, or any other means.
"These areas overlap with the estuarine waters AEC, but
they also cover inland fishing waters that are not in the estuarine
waters AEC.
"Development in public trust areas must be properly
managed in order to protect public rights for navigation and
recreation, and to perpetuate the biological and economic benefits
these areas provide to the people of the state. Projects which
would directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigation
channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils below mean

15
high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate water
quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters are
generally considered incompatible with the management policies
for public trust areas. The development of navigation channel or
drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, and the
building . of piers, wharves, or marinas are examples of uses that
may be acceptable within public trust areas, provided they will not
be detrimental to public trust rights and the ecological functions
of the area.
COASTAL WETLANDS
"The Coastal Area Management Act defines a coastal
wetland as any marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by
lunar or wind tides. Freshwater swamps and inland wetlands are
not covered by the Act, unless the CRC designates them as a
'natural resource AEC.' They are, however, protected by the Clean
Water Act and a Corps of Engineers permit is required for work
in them. Coastal wetlands contain certain plant species.
"The roots, stems, and seeds of marsh plants provide high
quality feed and nesting materials for waterfowl and other wildlife.
Plant leaves and stems also tend to dissipate waves while their
extensive root systems bind soil; thus, marsh plants reduce the
erosion of estuarine shorelines and help guard against flood
damage. The unique productivity of the estuarine system is
supported by the nutrients and decayed plant material (or detritus)
that the marshes produce; these nutrients and detritus support
marine life. The marsh also traps nutrients by slowing the water
which flows over it. In this manner, the level of nutrients
supporting life in the estuaries is maintained, and sediments
harmful to marine animals are removed. Without coastal wetlands,
the complex food chains and high productivity levels typically
found in the estuaries could not be maintained.
"That productivity is of great importance to North
Carolina's economy. Ninety-five percent of the commercial and
recreational seafood species (including shrimp, flounder, oysters,
crabs, and menhaden) depend on coastal wetlands for part of their
lives.
"The CRC has designated as an AEC all shorelines within
75 feet landward of the mean high water level, or normal water
level, of the estuarine waters. Estuarine shorelines, though
typically dry land, are an important part of the estuarine system
because of their connection to the estuarine waters. Improper
development along the estuarine shoreline can pollute or destroy
adjacent waters and wetlands. Estuarine shorelines are also
vulnerable to erosion, flooding, and other natural hazards found
in the estuarine system.

LEGEND
® ESTUARINE WATERS
ESTUARINE SHORELINE
PUBLIC TRUST WATERS
0 COASTAL WETLANDS
INLAND FISHING WATERS _ -
COASTAL FISHING WATERS
AEC BOUNDARY 75
MEAN HIGH WATER
(TYPICAL CREEP
SOUND
FIGURE 1. Environmental System Areas of Environmental Concern.
(Reproduced from A Guide to Protecting Coastal
Resources Through the CAMA Permit Program.)
15.1
19

11
16
"Development along estuarine shorelines must not damage
these natural barriers to erosion, nor should development harm
documented historic, architectural or archaeological resources. It
is also important for construction projects to avoid causing
sedimentation of estuarine waters, and .to : avoid covering the
shoreline within impervious surfaces. Buffers of natural vegetation
between the shorelines and development provide, additional
protection for estuarine resources."
*Department of Natural Resources and Community Development,
Raleigh, North Carolina, 1988.
Other fragile areas are archeological and historic sites. The Washington Historic District has over
seventy structures listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Additionally, the 1976 Greater Washington 201 Facilities Plan, contained an archaeological survey
and a botanical and wildlife survey specific to the proposed wastewater system. Though dated, the
botanical and wildlife inventories and surveys are included, also in Appendix B.
3. AREAS WITH RESOURCE POTENTIAL such as productive farmlands, potentially
valuable mineral sites, publicly owned parks, fish, forest or gamelands may require special
preservation efforts. Prime farmlands must be identified according to the Governor's
Executive Order 96 promoting interagency coordination toward prime farmland
preservation. In the Washington area, prime farmland soils are found outlying the City in
all directions. Table 6 lists prime farm soils in Beaufort County.
TABLE 6. Prime Farmland Soils.
SOIL SURVEY
MAP SYMBOL SOIL TYPES MAJOR CROPS
43 Altavista fine sand loam Corn, soybean, tobacco, small grain
46 Augusta fine sandy loam Corn, soybean
5A, 6, C Craven fine sandy loam Corn, soybean, tobacco, small grain
55 Dogue fine sandy loam Corn, soybean, tobacco, small grain
6A Goldsboro sandy loam Corn, soybean, tobacco, small grain
2A State sandy loam Corn, soybean, tobacco, small grain
53 Yeopim loam Corn, soybean, tobacco, small grain
Source: Beaufort County, North Carolina Soil Survey, Soil Conservation Service,
US Department of Agriculture, Washington, NC.

17
The mineral resources in the Washington planning area are limited to sand deposits which occur
in a line through the wetland south of the River and in areas west and east of the city limits.
All of the waters of the Pamlico River east of the train trestle which fall within the Washington
jurisdiction are classified as a special secondary nursery area by the Marine Fisheries office. This
designation means that no trawling is allowed except by special proclamation. The waters of the Tar
River and the Pamlico to the train trestle are considered Inland Waters and are regulated by the
Wildlife Resources Commission which does not utilize nursery area designations as of this writing.
Interactions between the two State regulatory agencies have produced a common system for designating
inland primary nursery areas, based on agreements reached in May, 1990.
B. CARRYING CAPACITY ANALYSIS
An examination of a community's existing services (1990), funded plans for improvements, and
anticipated future demand on those services may help local governments identify areas of greatest need
so that public resources and attention can be directed toward those areas as a priority.
1. EXISTING WATER AND SEWER SERVICE
a. Sewer - The City of Washington operates a 2.12 million gallon per day (gpd)
wastewater treatment plant located at the end of Plymouth Street. Approximately
3767 homes, businesses, and industries are currently being served. Average daily
usage is about 1.6 million gpd, or .75.5% of capacity.
b. Water - As discussed earlier, the City's drinking water is composed of both surface
and ground water. Surface capacity is '2.25 million gpd and groundwater capacity
is 576,000 gpd for a total capacity of 2.83 million gpd. Average daily usage is
currently 1.5 million gpd, or 53% of capacity. Storage capacity is 1.3 million gallons
in overhead tanks and 900,000 gallons -in ground storage for a total of 2.2 million
gallons or about one and one-half days supply.
2. SCHOOLS
Washington City Schools are made up of five facilities. A new high school was
opened early in 1990 on Slatestone Road, and one of the older facilities will be closed next
year (currently John Small Elementary). Table 7 is a' list of the schools and their
enrollments for 1989-90, as well as present and future facility capacities.
Improvements to the facilities include installation of air conditioning, new computer
labs, a stadium complex, and new activity bus and maintenance vehicles. Names of schools
will ship such that old P.S. Jones Jr. High building will become new John Small and old
Washington High building will become the new P.S. Jones Middle School. Total enrollment
for all City schools has increased only 4.3% since 1985.
1

1 18
TABLE 7. Washington City Schools.
GRADES
1989-90
1989-90
1991
NAME OF SCHOOL
NOW
1991
ENROLLMENT
CAPACITY
CAPACITY
Eastern Elem.
J.C. Tayloe Elem.
K-2
3&4
K-1
2-3
888
662
935
559
905
562
J. Small Elem.
5&6
Closed
671
650
Closed
P.S. Jones Jr. Hi.
7-9
4&5
966
1,050
778
Old Wash. High
10-12
6-8.
810
1,072
950
(New Wash. High)
(9-12)
1,100
TOTALS
3,997
4,266
4,295
i
Source: Personal conversation, John
Smith," Washington City Schools Administration.
1 3. LANDFILLS
The City picks up garbage every weekday except Wednesday and transports it to
the Beaufort County landfill near Bath. The City contributes a total of approximately 620
cubic yards of residential and commercial waste to that facility per week, or approximately
3.4 cubic yards per person per year (1989). Senate Bill 111 requires localities to reduce
their solid waste disposal by 25% by 1993. Beaufort Recycling . is a grassroots citizens'
organization assisted by the City which collects paper, glass, and aluminum at a permanent
site on Hackney Avenue. The County has also initiated a recycling effort at two of its
dumpster sites. Ile landfill's current operating permit will expire in 1992.
4. POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION
i a. The City employs 26 certified police officers and maintains 10 patrol cars, 2 vans,
and 2 motor scooters. The City also is a participating member of the Beaufort -
Hyde Narcotics Task Force. In 1989 there were 1,881. arrests in the. City. Larceny
' was the most common charge. Areas of highest crime were the Washington Square
Mall area and the public housing projects.
b. Washington has a fire insurance rating of 5 on a scale of 3-9, with 3 being the
highest. It employs 22 full-time and 9 part-time firefighters. There are also 20
volunteer firefighters. The only fire station is in a central location at 5th and
Market Streets, where they maintain six (6) fire trucks and two (2) ambulances.
The fire department receives about 360 calls per year, and approximately 1,200
rescue calls.

19
5. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE ABILITY
The City operates on a tax rate of $ .66 per $100 property value (1990). Current
tax. levy is ,$1,489,540. A "Manager -Council" style of government is utilized. There are
eleven City departments, including: Community Development & Planning, Electric, Finance,
Fire/Rescue, Inspections & Zoning, Library, Parks & Recreation, Personnel, Police, and
Public Works, Purchasing.
6. STREETS
Washington maintains 46.57 miles of paved streets and 4.22 miles of unpaved
streets. Resurfacing occurs according to a priority schedule based on available funding.
There are about 5,425 vehicles registered in the City (1989). The greatest number of traffic
accidents occur along 15th Street from the intersection of US 264 and Hudnell Street.
7. HOUSING
Low to moderate income housing is available through the Mid -East Regional
Housing Authority in Washington and three private providers. Currently there are 483
units on hand through the Housing Authority: 86 units in two locations specifically for the
elderly, 297 mixed units in four location owned and operated by the housing authority and
100 units which were bought by a private interest but which are still managed by the
Housing Authority as Section 8 (subsidized) housing. Additionally, private sources provide
60 units which are rented to very low and low income families at Clifton Meadows
Apartments on loth Street; 40 units at Brittany Place; and 40 units at Glenview Apartments
on US 264W off 15th Street.
8. RECREATION
The City operates three general use recreation facilities; eight gardens, parks and
playgrounds; boat launch facilities with three ramps and two docks; eight lighted tennis
courts; the Washington Cultural and Civic Center; and six ballparks.
Mason Lumber Company has donated 1.76 acres just south of the Clark's Neck
Bridge to be developed as a boat launching site. The City must raise $8,000 to accomplish
this within the next two years or the property reverts back to Mason Lumber.
C, ESTIMATED DEMAND
Estimated demand is a function of changes or trends in population and economy. The following
population projections are based on prior trends.
1
1. Seasonal population impacts the local economy but is not pertinent to the local population ,
since most cottages are outside the jurisdiction.
2. Local objectives concerning growth are unclear based on policies and practices. Policies
for extension of services (Appendix A) generally place the burden of extension costs on the
individual a practice presumed to discourage development. Also, involuntary annexation
of qualified surrounding areas has not been pursued, which can indicate a "no growth"

20
philosophy (although this can also be indicative of fiscal limitations and inability to provide
services in those areas). At the same time, however, zoning and sub -division regulations
are very broad and accommodating with regard to allowable uses, and positive interactions
with developers are normally attempted. There is perhaps a greater focus on redevelopment
or infill of existing areas than on outward growth in the City of Washington at this time.
TABLE 8. City of Washington Population Projections By Age Groups.
% of % OF % OF
AGE GROUP 1990 POPULATION 1995 POPULATION 2000 POPULATION
0 - 4 yrs.
624
6.3
632
5.9
640
5.6
5 - 18 yrs.
1,831
18.5
1,870
17.5
1,909
16.7
19 - 34 yrs.
2,109
21.3
2,118
19.9
2,126
18.6
35 - 64 yrs.
3,525
35.6
4,049
38.0
4,572
40.0
65+
1,812
18.3
1098
18.7
2,183
19.1
TOTAL
9,901
10,667.
11,430
Source: Mid -East Commission Projections based on NC State Data Center City -County Projections.
' 3. There is some speculation that this area can expect an influx of retirees from the North
in the next five to ten years. The impact of this population migration is not fully known.
We may expect continued growth in service sector employment to meet the needs of an
older population base. We may also expect this population to demand smaller residential
' lots, perhaps multi -family facilities, and group homes. Leisure activities will be more in
demand.
4. Future land need is a function of projected growth and desired density of development.
Presently, density in the outlying jurisdiction is based on septic tank requirements. Inside
the City, density is controlled by minimum lot sizes and other dimensional requirements
stipulated in the zoning ordinance. Residential development ranges from allowed density
of 7.3 lots per acre in the R-6 District to 2.2 lots per acre in R or A-20 Districts not served
by public water and sewer. Assuming an average household size of about 2.7 persons (1988)
the Washington Planning Area will require an additional 284 dwelling units by 1995 and
another 283 units by 2000 for a total of 567 additional dwelling units. To accommodate
this development in R-6 for single-family residences, would require 77.7 acres of land.
Residential or A-20 zones have large areas of vacant land in agricultural use; however, to
' accommodate this development in R-20 for single-family homes would require 257.7 acres

21
of land. The entire planning area comprises about 16,780 acres. Of that, perhaps 75% is
water, wetland or developed area, leaving more than 4,000 acres in forest or farmland.
Therefore, available land is more than sufficient to meet future demand.
5: The demand on community facilities will vary with population growth. Locational
considerations are.also important.
a. Sewer capacity is 2.12 million gpd. By 1995, estimated average daily use will be
just over 1.7 million gpd and by 2,000, 1.85 million gpd. The Town of Chocowinity
is scheduled to tap on to Washington's system in 1991 adding about 105,000 gpd
and bringing the total usage to 1.96 million gpd. Designation of the Tar -Pamlico
River as Nutrient Sensitive Water will require additional expense to comply with
stricter discharge standards; however, the present capacity appears to be adequate.
b. Total water capacity is 2.83 million gpd. By 1995, estimated average daily use will
be 1.6 million gpd and by 2,000; 1.7 million gpd. Updating the treatment system
to maintain drinking water safety standards will require additional expense. The
interim solution to the City's chlorination problem involves a 100 ppm carbon
treatment which is costing the City about $18,000 a month over normal costs;
however, capacity appears to be adequate.
1
ri
C. Landfill may become an issue when the County's current landfill permit expires in
two years, or before if the Regional Solid Waste facility comes to fruition before
that time. If that happens, the City will have to pay a fee for garbage disposal.
d. If US Highway 17 is moved five miles west as is currently proposed, street widening
needs will no longer be associated with local collectors for that route. Focus is
likely to continue on flow of traffic around US 264 east and west as well as general
improvement of circulation. An update of the City's Current Transportation Plan
has been requested from the North Carolina Department of Transportation. '
Appendix A shows proposals in the 1990-1996 Transportation Improvement Plan
published by the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
e. Other services generally tend to grow in response to population pressure and fiscal
capability.
D. SUMMARY I
Over the past five years, population growth was projected at a rate of 1.7% per year. Preliminary
1990 Census figures place the actual growth rate at under one percent per year. Development has
overwhelmingly been in residential uses averaging about 80 new units per year. National Spinning
Company and Hamilton Beach continue to dominate employment opportunities within the jurisdiction;
however, commercial development has increased in recent years, and easy access to Greenville has
encouraged some economic dependence on that center.
Soils are generally a problem for septic suitability, indicating that future growth will either tend
toward low density or that city services will need to be extended to accommodate that growth. The
available capacity of both land and services is more than adequate to meet expected demand.

IV. POLICY STATEMENTS
' The setting of goals, objectives, policy statements, and implementation procedures are the most
essential elements in any developmental plan. The formulation of goals and objectives should reflect
sound planning principles and most importantly, express the values of an area's residents. Thus the
declaration of a community's values set the tone for the design of the development plan.
' During the 1990-2000 ten-year planning period, the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) gives
the City of Washington the opportunity to address land use issues which impact on Resource Protection;
Resource Production and Management; Economic and Community Development; Continued Public
' Participation; and Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and Evacuation Plans. Some of
these issues are of continuing concern in Washington. Those will be re -addressed in this current plan.
An assessment of 1985 policies follows this introduction.
The Policy Statements for 1990-2000 are the results of recommendations, local input, and the
Planning Board's experience in the City's jurisdictional needs. These statements define the problem or
opportunity, possible alternatives for action, the selected alternative(s) and the means to implement
those alternatives. It must be noted that some issues are of such great importance that appropriate
' alternatives are obvious and non-negotiable. Many others in the discussion required by CAMA
guidelines are only vaguely applicable at this time.
There are three basic approaches which may be taken for resource issues: Preservation,
Conservation, and Unregulated. For resource issues required by CAMA, the City will choose one of
these approaches.
A preservation approach attempts to prohibit use altogether in order to save the resource in its
' natural state for future generations to enjoy. This approach requires adoption and strict enforcement
of protective laws. An example might be prohibiting development in a known habitat for an endangered
species. If applied to privately owned property, such restrictiveness is subject to legal challenge as a
"taking" of property rights. Other preservation strategies might involve public acquisition of property
or negotiated easements.
A conservation approach attempts to use resources sparingly in order to prolong their usefulness
over a long period of time. This approach uses regulations, restrictions, and incentives to control the
rate at which or the way in which a resource is used. In a sense, it controls the supply regardless of
the demand. Economic pressures are a fact of life for all communities and for the citizens therein.
A realistic assessment of the existing resources and the rate at which the locality can afford to lose them
will guide strategy choices in this type of approach.
An unregulated approach attempts to use resources in an uninhibited way in direct response to
demand. It has a relatively short-term focus and relies on the availability or development of substitutes
when the resource is depleted. This approach thrives in the absence of regulation or enforcement and
' may be desirable where resources are overabundant or substitutes are already available. From the City's
point of view, prime farmland may go unregulated since the City's intent is to develop and since food
supplies and economic dependence for the City is not highly sensitive to that resource.
Any of these approaches is an alternative open to Washington as it explores policy options. The
conservation approach probably best describes chosen implementation strategies.
For Policy categories other than Resource -oriented issues, these approaches may not be appropriate.
In those cases, the policy statements have been written to convey general attitudes on a given issue.
' In any situation where a regulatory agency cannot discern the City's intent on a policy issue, that
agency is encouraged to bring the situation to the City for interpretation.
22

23
A 1985 POLICY ASSESSMENT
The 1985 Land Use Plan Update enumerated policy statements and implementation strategies on
three resource protection issues, four resource production and management issues, ten economic and
community development issues, three storm hazard mitigation issues, and two public participation issues.
Policy statements are discussed from page 28 to page 41 of the 1985 Update.
An abbreviated version of these statements follows, along with a "grade" for each policy statement
based on implementation efforts. Each of the twenty-two policy statements is worth 4.55 points.
Comments regarding the grade or the strategies are shown in bold.
1. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES
k
a. Protect Water Quality of Pamlico and Tar Rivers and potable water supplies at the
surface water plant on Plymouth Street and the groundwater plant at Slatestone I
Hills.
+ Restrict septic tank in floodprone or wetland
_ Buffer zones in floodprone and wetland
+ Improve storm drainage - plan for phased improvement
_ Sedimentation and erosion control - adopt ordinance
Annex problem areas to provide water and sewer
Monitor Industries for negative impacts on AECs
Septic tank permits are only applicable outside the city limits. The
floodprone areas lie along Runyon Creek and its associated
branches, Cherry Run Creek and its associated branches, and all
of the area south of the Pamlico and Tar Rivers. These soils
would not meet State standards for septic tanks and no permit
would be issued. No explicit buffer zones have been established
along water areas in the jurisdiction other than standards required
by CAMA. While the City does not monitor industries for
negative impacts on AECs, it does control the wastes of most
industries except National Spinning: We are not convinced that
City monitoring beyond this effort would be appropriate or feasible
since State agencies are better suited for and charged with this
responsibility. The stormwater system has an informal plan for
needed improvements, but funding is scarce.
SCORE- 1.52
b. Protect Areas of Environmental Concern
+ Enforce CAMA permits
_ Identify specific allowable uses in Zoning Ordinance for AECs
_ Conduct studies to reaffirm location of AECs
+ Study uses appropriate for Castle Island
E
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r
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The City's building inspector/zoning administrator is also the CAMA
permit officer and he enforces compliance. AECs have not been
addressed in the zoning ordinance. No additional study has been made
to locate AECs. The City is currently obtaining permits to put goats
on Castle Island in an effort to clean the underbrush so that picnic
tables can be placed there for the boating public's use.
C. Protect Cultural and Historic Resources
+ Implement downtown improvement plans
+ Support efforts of "Downtown Committee" and "Committee of 100" to stimulate
private investment
Historic District regulations have been well supported by the City.
Other downtown plans have been slow to materialize but the City
supports all efforts. More demonstrative efforts are encouraged
whenever possible.
SCORE: 4.55
2. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
a. Reduce municipal tax burden on agricultural lands within the jurisdiction.
_ Rezone urban -type lands and potential annexation areas
_ Identify productive farmlands not needed for city growth and restrict non-
agricultural development uses
This has not been attempted.
SCORE: 0
b. Monitor restricted mining of mineral resources on the southwest shore of Tar
River.
_ Consider providing technical assistance for projects compatible -with water
quality goals
We are not convinced that this was a realistic strategy, nevertheless,
it has not been implemented.
R I 0061.t�t]

25
c. ' Promote water quality in the Pamlico and Tar Rivers to insure continued support
of commercial and recreational fishing industries.
See programs under "Resources Protection."
SCORE 152
3. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
a. Provide water and sewer system expansion to accommodate future growth.
lh Extend according to 201 Facilities, Capital Improvement Plan and Land
Classification Map
Extensions have been made based only on requests from industries
asking to be annexed. The City has worked with the Town of
Choeowinity in accordance with the 201 Facilities Plan. There is no
Capital Improvements Plan and the Land Classification Map is never
considered
SCORE 2.28
b. Provide adequate streets and roads.
'/2 Update the Thoroughfare Plan
This item has basically been maintained but not by the recommended
strategy. For this we will score one-half credit
SCORE: 2.28
C. Promote tourism and recreational industry development.
_ Special waterfront district
_ Additional public access
+ Support Historic District Commission
+ Establish Scenic Corridor (in tree planting)
I/z Enforce and improve Sign Ordinance
+ Seek potential uses for Castle Island
City government has shown support for the Historic District
Commission. No actual 'scenic eorridoelm been established, but the
City does actively engage in tree planting in the Downtown Area The
sign ordinance has not been improved but current regulations are
enforced.
SCORE. 2.65

26
d. Provide recreational facilities and programs for all present and future residents.
1/z Adopt a Master Plan for Parks and Recreation
Many recreational facilities and programs are offered by the City but no
Master Plan has been developed. This we will award 'r4 score.
SCORE: 2.28
e. Support expansion and recruitment of new industry.
_ Identify types desired
_ Identify sites requiring service
+ Support expansion of existing industry
SCORE: 1.52
f. Support growth in the use of municipal airport.
1/2 Create Airport Restricted District at end of runway to allow for future
Instrument Landing Equipment
+ Oppose airport use restrictions proposed by U.S. Department of Defense
+ Oppose expansion of military flight training area
_ Update 1982 Airport Master Plan
Amend zoning ordinance to restrict growth around airport
Instrument Landing Equipment is in place and appropriate efforts have
'been made to oppose use restrictions and expansion by the military.
The Master Plan has not been updated since 1982 and the zoning
ordinance does not restrict growth in this area. In fact, much growth
has occurred in the vicinity since 1985.
SCORE. 2.28
g. Continue role as commercial center for farms.
+ Locate and develop downtown Farmers' Market
SCORE: 4.55
h. Accommodate need for new school.
+ Pursue bond referendum
+ Identify type school needed
+ Solicit proposals
SCORE. 4.55

h.
SCORE
27
Provide location for potential energy facility siting.
Examine any proposals thoroughly
Oppose nuclear energy
Permit only in I-1 by Special Use
No specific locations have been identified for potential energy facility
siting. This item has not come into play for the City but the strategies
offered would be followed and appear to be appropriate.
4.55
i. Accommodate development of marinas.
+ Strictly adhere to CAMA standards
+ Must conform to zoning ordinance
Only one marina was built in the past five years and it met the CAMA
permitting requirements for marinas. For local permitting purposes,
the marina was considered and approved as an accessory use for the
adjacent property. Residential docking facilities have followed these
strategies in the past five (5) years.
SCORE: 4.55
4. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION
a. Identify areas likely to be damaged and likely extent of damage.
lh Compile Hazards Map
1/2 Compile inventory of existing land use and structures in Planning Area
1/2 Estimate monetary value of structures subject to loss
Flood maps are available and the existing land use map from the 1985
plan shows general uses of land. No inventory of structures nor
valuation of potential loss has taken place; however, the Tax Office
could calculate this information.
SCORE: 2.28
b. Create evacuation plan.
Consistent with Beaufort County Plan
Coordinate with Emergency Management, etc.
This has not been formally done.
SCORE: 0

1
C. Prepare post -recovery plan.
Prioritize Clean -Up
_ Create Recovery Task Force and allocate responsibility
' = Establish guidelines for repair and reconstruction
Coordinate all efforts with necessary agencies
This has not been formally done.
' SCORE: 0
5. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
a. Encourage participation in all land use discussions b all sectors of population
8 P P Y P P
Roster by civic and key individuals to be notified of public meetings
+ Publicize in newspaper
' A listing of various civic leaders and committees exists but they are not
individually notified of public meetings. The newspaper does a good
job of reporting issues generally and meetings are advertised in
advance,
' SCORE: 2-28
' b. Educate citizens about issues facing the area.
' + Distribute brochures in tax or utility bills
Prepare public information programs for presentation to civic, church, school
groups
L During the water crisis in the Summer of 1989, citizens were notified
with brochures and in utility bills. Public information programs are
not routinely presented to any groups -
SCORE. 2.28
' Overall, the City scores 48.2 of a possible 100.1 points for policy implementation. Although this
is generally a poor showing, it is remarkably good considering that this progress was made in the
' absence of conscious effort to coordinate City actions with the 1985 Land Use Plan. The City, to date,
has not developed a tradition of reliance on its Plan for policy guidance on issues of land use.
Lack of planning personnel or the financial wherewithal to initiate extensive studies and detailed
' review and update of City ordinances are other contributing factors in the low scoring.

29
B. 1990 POLICY STATEMENTS
RESOURCE PROTECTION
The City of Washington is rich in natural and cultural resources. The jurisdiction contains
approximately 2,000 acres of wetlands and 1,300 acres of rivers, providing economic and recreational
opportunities for man and habitat areas for many species of birds, fish, and other animals. Also, over
seventy structures are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
a.
Constraints to Development.
(1) Soil limitations are found primarily in areas that are floodprone along
streams and creeks, and in areas outside the City Limits where municipal
water and sewer service is not available. Septic tank suitability is generally
a problem near Whichard's Beach in the southern section of the
jurisdiction, north of town between US Highway 17 and Highland Avenue,
and east of town around US Highway 264.
(2) The options are preservation, conservation, and unregulated. Prohibiting
development entirely is not a reasonable option; however, health and
property risks make an unregulated approach an unacceptable choice also.
(3) The approach shall be conservation. The policy shall be to support and
strictly enforce Federal, State, and local regulations governing septic tank
installation or other waste treatment alternatives and building requirements
in floodprone areas.
(4) The policy shall be implemented through refusal of building permits without
satisfaction of flood zone requirements and/or Health Department approval
of septic systems.
b. Local Resource Development Issues Relative to Areas of Environmental Concern I
(AECs).
(1) Washington's natural AECs are located along rivers and estuarine
shorelines, including wetlands areas. Historic sites are primarily near the
Central Business District. Logical resource development activities in these
areas may involve residential development, marinas, other commercial
endeavors, industrial or agricultural discharge, and sedimentation and
erosion control associated with all types of development. There are no
Outstanding Resource Waters within the Washington jurisdiction, but
applicable waters of both the Tar and Pamlico Rivers have been designated
Nutrient Sensitive.
(2) Options are preservation, conservation, and unregulated. Conservation of
wetlands and areas of environmental concern was ranked fifth of 22 issues
in the citizen survey. Historic Preservation issues ranked low on the survey.
(See Citizen Participation section.)
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' (3) The approach shall be conservation. The City recognizes that floodplains
and wetlands possess the values of groundwater recharge and discharge,
floodwater alteration, nutrient and waste retention and transformation,
' habitat protection, and recreation enhancement; and that these values make
floodplains and wetlands worthy of protection for ecological and economic
reasons. The policy shall be to support current Federal, State, and local
restrictions with regard to development in areas of environmental concern.
1 Only `water dependent* uses are permitted by the State in wetlands,
estuarine waters, or public trust areas.
(4) Implementation shall occur through strict enforcement of CAMA permitting
requirements, through density controls within the dimensional requirements
in the local zoning ordinance, and through local Historic District
regulations.
C. Other Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas.
'
(1)
The Washington planning area has freshwater swamps and marshes, 404
wetlands, water supply areas, historic resources, and manmade hazards to
consider with regard to allowable land use in hazardous or fragile areas.
There are no maritime forests, outstanding resource waters, commercial
shellfishing waters or pocosins in the jurisdiction.
(2)
Options include Preservation, Conservation, and Unregulated. Since the
listing above contains different types of sensitivity, the policy options for
each may vary.
(3)
The general approach for all fragile or hazardous area policies is
conservation. The policy for swamps, marshes, 404 wetlands and water
supply areas shall be to support State and Federal development restrictions
'
in those areas. Historic resources, as mentioned under Item b. above, are
regulated locally by the Historic District Commission, and the policy shall
be to support locally adopted restrictions in the Historic District. Manmade
hazards are not currently recognized in local zoning or other planning tools.
'
The policy shall be Conservation. Water supply areas are currently
adequate from the standpoint of quantity and land use impacts. The
challenge lies in upgrading the City's treatment system. The land use policy
'
shall be to protect areas which impact water supply.
(4)
Implementation shall occur through enforcement of State and local
regulations, plans and ordinances.
d. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs.
(1) This topic is covered in greater detail in Chapter V. A large portion
(37.6%) of the land within the City's jurisdiction is very low-lying, as
evidenced by the 100-year Flood map on page 11.1. The southern section
of the jurisdiction and the riverfront areas on the north banks are

31
vulnerable to Category 1 and 2 storms (less severe). The area just north
of 5th Street up to just above 15th Street is vulnerable to Category 3
storms additional surge according to the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) Storm Surge Inundation Maps. Practically speaking,
however, the 5th-15th Street area tends to flood during sudden heavy rain
as a result of the existing stormwater system and is felt to be a more
vulnerable area than FEMA implies. The remaining north and northeast
areas are only vulnerable to the most serious storm surges. Primary
evacuation routes designated for the City's jurisdiction are US 17 (South
and North), US 264 west, and Whichard's Beach Road. US 17 and US 264
are also the primary routes for all of Beaufort County.
(2) Options include preparation of an evacuation plan specific to the
Washington jurisdiction; adoption of the evacuation plan described in the
Beaufort County Land Use Plan; or making decisions on evacuation issues
when and if the occasion arises.
1
(3) Hurricane and flood evacuation needs will adhere to procedures described '
in the Beaufort County Land Use Plan Update or other plans as may be
adopted by the City Council
e. Means of Protecting Potable Water Supply
(1) A safe and adequate supply of drinking water was listed as the Number 1
issue for citizens in the Washington planning jurisdiction. Coming on the
heels of firsthand experience in 1989 with the consequences of unsafe
situations, this response was no surprise. It should be noted again that
currently the supply of raw water is adequate in both quantity and quality.
The problems experienced in the City have been the result of treatment
methods. Land use issues impact the raw water supply. Changes in
treatment methods are controlled by budget restrictions.
(2) The options with regard to land use impacts are preservation, conservation,
and unregulated. A preservation approach would disallow all development
within a specified radius of public water intake areas. This approach might
require public purchase of those lands, and is probably not feasible for the
City in terms of both cost and benefit since discharge upstream will still
impact the supply area. An unregulated approach would allow any and all
development according to market demand regardless of its impact on raw
water supply. Obviously, this approach is unacceptable. A conservation
approach can restrict development within a specified radius so as to limit
negative impacts on water supply. It is worthwhile to use this approach
so that treatment costs are not inflated because of development over which
the City has control.
(3) The approach shall be conservation. The policy shall be to protect potable
water supplies from negative land use impacts. The City is currently
investigating possible future well fields.
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(4) Implementation could occur through creation of "Water Supply" zones
upstream of and at the point of intake in which development will be
restricted to very low density residential uses and the allowable amount of
impervious surfaces directly adjacent to water supply will be restricted.
The State's Watershed Protection Act may provide other
implementation tools for the watershed area outside the City's jurisdiction
when State standards are finally adopted.
f. Use of Package Treatment Plants for Sewage Disposal
(1) National Spinning Company provides its own wastewater treatment through
an activated sludge system which is not considered a package treatment
plant. No other individual systems other than septic tanks are currently
operating within the City's jurisdiction.
(2) Options with regard to package treatment plants are limited to policies
equal to or more restrictive than those imposed by the State.
(3) The City's policy on any future proposals shall be to support State
Environmental Management standards.
(4) This policy shall be implemented through cooperation with State agencies
on permitting requirements.
g. Stormwater Runoff and Its Impact on Coastal Wetlands, Surface Waters, or other
Fragile Areas.
(1) Stormwater runoff is offensive to fragile areas because it is likely to contain
toxic oil, grease, rubber, and other petroleum products washed from road
surfaces during rainstorms, as well as pesticides and fertilizers from yards
or agricultural uses, and eroded soils which contribute to turbidity,
interrupting plant growth in shallow waters. Stormwater runoff inside the
City is channeled through a stormwater system and discharged directly into
Jack's Creek and other locations along the River. Limited improvements
were made to the system in 1989. A possible conflict is the fact that Jack's
Creek has now been designated by Wildlife Resources Commission as a
primary nursery area based on cooperative agreements with Marine
Fisheries.
(2) Options include greater control of impervious surfaces, careful assessment
of current impact, or continue existing procedures.
(3) The chosen policy shall be to continue existing procedures until a need is
shown based on negative impacts.
(4) Implementation shall occur through . reliance on the public works
department to assess capacity and shortfall. The City should ask the
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of
Environmental Management, Water Quality section to assess the impact
of current stormwater runoff and comment on low or no cost ways to

h.
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33
d
maintain acceptable runoff. The City should also consider budgeting a
continuing amount of money for stormwater improvements.
'
Marina and Floating Home Development and Dry Stack Storage Facilities for Boats
(1)
The City has one commercial marina as defined by CAMA within its
jurisdiction at this time. It was allowed in its location only because it was
approved as an accessory use by the City. There are no dry stack storage
facilities or floating home development to date. Pamlico Marine, just east
of Stewart Parkway provides repair services and haul -out facilities as well
as sales but does not dock more than ten boats. The City's current zoning
ordinance only allows marinas in the A-20 and B-Hwy Districts by Special
,
Use Permit.
(2)
Options are limited to policies which are at least as restrictive as or more
restrictive than those imposed by the State in Title 15, Subchapter 7H,
'
Section .0108(b)(5) of the North Carolina Administrative Code.
(3)
The policy shall be conservation. The City desires protection from random
marina development along its waterfront. The City supports CAMA
regulation of marinas but believes that those restrictions should apply to
something less than ten slips in this particular estuarine area. The local
'
definition of marinas, shown in the zoning ordinance, is not currently
specific enough and will be reviewed and revised through formal process
as soon as possible. The City asks that when such revision occurs, the State
use the local definition of marinas for project requests in the Washington
'
jurisdiction. Dry stack storage facilities would be regulated by the local
zoning ordinance and may be acceptable under certain conditions. Floating
home development is discouraged at this time.
,
(4)
Implementation shall occur through critical review of the City's definition
of marinas in the zoning ordinance and stricter enforcement of applicable
zoning regulations, as well as support for State and Federal regulations.
Industrial Impact on Fragile Areas
(1)
The only industries at the present time with direct potential impact on
fragile areas --in this case, wetlands and nutrient sensitive waters --are
National Spinning Company on Kennedy Creek and Fountain Power Boats
'
on Rodman Creek. A possible conflict may exist where wetland areas west
of Kennedy Creek are now zoned for Industrial development. The Water
Quality section of the Division of Environmental Management notes no
negative impacts from current industries.
(2) Policy options include close scrutiny of proposed new industries in or near '
fragile areas through requirement of environmental impact statements prior
to issue of building permits in or near fragile areas, or reliance on State
standards for industrial development which impacts wetlands and nutrient
sensitive waters. '

L
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(3) The policy shall be conservation.
(4) Implementation shall occur through reliance on and support of State and
Federal Regulations.
Development of Sound or Estuarine System Islands
(1) There are no sound islands applicable to this jurisdiction; however, the
Castle Island Group and Grandpap's Island are estuarine system islands
in the area. Castle Island is currently being cleared of undergrowth by
goats which have been placed on the island for that purpose. There has
been some discussion of plans to add picnic areas for boaters when the
clearing project is complete. No other island development plans are under
consideration at this time. The low intensity recreational use underway
seems completely appropriate for this estuarine island at this time.
(2) Options are to disallow uses on any of the remaining islands until the
impact of Castle Island can be assessed, to entertain proposals for other
recreational uses on remaining islands, or to allow general development on
the islands if in compliance with CAMA requirements.
(3) The policy shall be conservation. The City questions whether these islands
could meet the minimum standards for building or septic permits and does
not encourage general development. A zoning review is currently underway
which may change current zoning and restrict allowable uses on the islands.
(4) Implementation will occur through compliance with local zoning
requirements and State and Federal regulations regarding development.
k. Restriction of Development within Areas Up to Five Feet Above Mean High Water
That Might Be Susceptible to Sea Level Rise and Wetland Loss
(1) These areas include all of the City's jurisdiction on the south side of the
River, approximately one square mile between Kennedy Creek and Tranter's
Creek on the northwest shore, and following the north shore eastward,
ranging from 100 to 700 feet inland. Since these are desirable waterfront
locations and, in the case of the City itself, are largely developed already,
the question becomes whether to allow redevelopment in developed areas
or new development in undeveloped areas. This issue is discussed in
CAMA Coastal Counties because of the growing popularity of the "global
warming" theory which, if accurate, predicts a rapid rise in sea level. The
current sea level rise is about one foot per century. Scientists predict a
rise of 1-3 inches by the year 2000 and that by 2100, the seas may be three
feet higher than now. If that is the case, most existing wetlands will drown
and currently developed land will begin to submerge as nature attempts to
create wetlands on higher ground.
Inevitably, bulkhead building will increase in an attempt to protect
property. The net effect will be large losses of wetland, since developed
interests will fight the natural inland migration of the wetlands. The CAMA
Quarterly (Winter 1989), reports that a five-foot rise in sea level would

in.
35
displace over 20,000 people in Beaufort County and would flood about
16% of the County's total area.
(2) The options are to discourage new development in areas with contour levels
five feet or less above mean high water, to disallow new development and
discourage redevelopment in these areas, to restrict density of development
in these areas, or to permit all currently allowable development and let
market forces prevail.
(3) The policy shall be conservation.
(4) Implementation shall occur through enforcement of zoning, building codes,
and Federal flood insurance requirements.
Upland Excavation for Marina Basins
(1) By CAMA standards, the highest preference for marina development site
alternatives is "an upland site requiring no alteration of wetlands or other
estuarine habitats and having adequate water circulation to prevent the
accumulation of sediment and pollutants in boat basins and channels."
Other alternatives, in rank order, are upland sites requiring dredging only
for access, a deepwater site away from primary nursery areas and requiring
no excavation, and open water sites requiring excavation of unproductive
areas.
(2) Policy options are limited to requirements which are at least as restrictive
as, or more restrictive than, State standards. Because the City does not
have significant marina development at this time, setting policy gives an
opportunity to establish a direction before problems arise.
(3) The policy shall be conservation.
(4) Implementation shall occur through compliance with State standards and
through enforcement of the local zoning ordinance which limits acceptable
location of marinas to A-20 Districts by special use permit only.
Damage to Existing Marshes by Bulkhead Installation
(1) Most of the wetland areas in Washington's jurisdiction are wooded swamps.
Limited marshes do exist and are along the edges of swamp forests in
various locations. Most of these locations are not suitable for development.
Bulkheads and other shoreline stabilization methods must meet standards
listed in Title 15, Subchapter 7H Section .0208(b)(7) of the North Carolina
Administrative Code. Among these standards is a requirement that
bulkheads must be constructed landward of significant marsh areas.
Bulkheads constructed within a marsh interfere with the natural exchange
of inflow of tidal nutrients and outwash of pollutants.
I

36
(2) Policy options include preservation, conservation, or unregulated. As
mentioned above, the State will not allow an unregulated approach on this
issue; therefore, the City may preserve marshes or control bulkhead
development to minimize negative impacts.
i(3) The policy shall be conservation. The applicable north shore areas are
already developed. South shore areas should be protected by restrictions.
(4) Implementation shall occur through support of existing State and Federal
regulations.
' 2. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
In the Washington planning jurisdiction, agriculture and forestry are of minimal importance. There
are scattered prime farmland soils in the outer northern and northwestern section of the jurisdiction.
No commercial forestry operations are within the jurisdiction. Sand mining occurs in the southwest
portion of the area. There are no commercial fishing operations located in Town. Recreational
resources represent the most significant natural resource in this area. The Tar and Pamlico Rivers are
focal points for recreational activity.
'
a. Productive Agricultural Lands
(1)
Although there are areas of prime farm soils scattered from west to east
in the northern section of the ETJ, agriculture has not been a serious issue
within the jurisdiction. A downtown farmers' market was put in place on
Stewart Parkway at the corner of Respess Street but it is only utilized by
a small number of vendors.
(2)
The options are preservation, conservation, and unregulated. Prime
farmlands might be held out of lands available for development, but this
approach would unfairly penalize farmers. A conservation approach would
'
restrict allowable uses on productive farmlands and discourage conversion
to other uses. An unregulated approach would allow a variety of uses
according to the locally adopted zoning ordinance and would facilitate
conversion from farmland to other uses as a growth mechanism for the City.
It should be noted that Farmers Home Administration loans are not
approved for projects which convert prime or important farmlands to other
'
uses.
(3)
The policy shall be conservation.
(4)
Implementation shall occur through controlled growth in accordance with
the City zoning regulations.
'
Commercial Forest Lands
b.
1
(1)
There are no commercial forestlands within the Washington planning area.

C.
d.
37
The south shore wetlands are largely swamp forest and tracts of forest are
seen on the northwest shore between the Tar River and Tranter's Creek
but commercial activity is concentrated outside the jurisdiction.
(2) Policy options to deal with any future attempts at commercialization must
consider that the area of greatest forest resource is also wetland. Options
are preservation, conservation, and unregulated. A recent Economic
Development Administration grant agreement requires a policy of protection
for wetlands and floodplains. The southern wetlands are currently zoned
A-20 Agricultural District, which includes a wide variety of potential uses
but silviculture is not listed among them. The area is currently classified
as conservation in the 1985 Land Use Plan.
(3) The City believes it is not economically feasible nor federally allowable to
commercialize forestry in this jurisdiction, therefore, no policy is required.
F�
Existing and Potential Mineral Resource Areas
(1)
Sand deposits in the southwest portion of the jurisdiction are currently
being extracted for commercial use. Deposits in the western portion
between the Tar River and US 264 are not yet being mined. Aside from
commercial mining of sand, these areas are valuable as potential septic
drainfields when located near soils which fail to perc.
(2)
Options include preservation, conservation, or unregulated.
'
(3)
The approach shall be conservation. The policy shall be to carefully
consider development projects near sand deposits.
(4)
The policy shall be implemented through enforcement of zoning regulations
designed to provide protection of watershed areas and through support of
State permitting requirements.
Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
(1)
The vast majority of water within the Washington Planning Area are inland
waters. That portion of the Pamlico River east beyond the train trestle is
designated as a special secondary nursery area by Marine Fisheries, meaning
'
that trawling activities are allowed only by special proclamation at certain
time of year; but in practical application, no trawling occurs this far up-
river. There are a few small commercial gill net operations within the
coastal waters, but no significant commercial activity. Recreational fishing
'
occurs throughout the area. There are no Outstanding Resource Waters
in the jurisdiction.

I
I
I
38
(2) Options are, preservation, conservation, or unregulated. However, . State
agencies do regulate this resource such that full-scale unregulation is not
feasible. Since this resource has important recreational appeal in this area,
a preservation approach would also be very unpopular locally.
(3) The approach shall be conservation. The policy shall be to encourage
recreational fishing of local waters and to support State agency regulations
with regard to commercial operations.
(4) Implementation shall occur through tourism promotions and local
cooperation with State agencies in matters of regulation enforcement.
e. Off -Road Vehicles
According to the Washington Police Department, complaints about off -road vehicles
have stopped within the past year. Formerly, the City received numerous
complaints. These vehicles have no impact in areas of concern to CAMA and
therefore no policy is required.
f. Development Impacts on Resources
(1) The Tar -Pamlico River is Washington's greatest resource. It provides an
abundant water supply, a habitat for fish and other wildlife, a recreational
advantage to area residents, and a tourist or retirement incentive to people
from other places. Adjacent wetlands also provide a "filter" for pollutants.
The north shore portion of the jurisdiction is well developed for urban
purposes. The area is scored by creeks and steams which drain into the
River from the upland areas. Virtually every use of land exerts some
impact on the River. Therefore, as growth occurs, the impact increases.
Economic necessity drives the City's willingness to grow and this is not
likely to change within the ten-year planning period. The City has provided
a municipal water and sewer system which, if properly operated, minimizes
negative impacts on both man and nature. Industries located adjacent to
waterbodies have thus far been responsible users of available resources.
Agricultural Best Management Practices are encouraged in the area to
minimize impacts of nutrients and pesticides. Whether by design or good
fortune, the Washington Planning Area has coexisted reasonably well with
its environment and has not been an abusive user of its resources, thus far.
(2) Policy alternatives must recognize the unique and sensitive character of the
area and the inevitable impact of development on any resources. Policy
should be based upon the best possible blend of avenues for allowing
growth of all types while minimizing negative impacts. The south shore
wetland areas, where they occur, should be protected from most types of
development. This is partially accomplished through Army Corps of
Engineers restrictions. The local zoning ordinance can be an excellent
vehicle for limiting development both by type and density. Areas of prime
farmland resource will, over time, be lost as development radiates further
out from the north shore urban area. The western properties are most

39
vulnerable to conversion during the planning period if US 17 in fact moves
west from its present location as planned.
(3) The policy shall be regulated dcvelopment.
(4) Implementation shall occur by enforcement of local zoning and support of
all State and Federal regulations which apply.
g. Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impact on Resources
This issue does not apply within the Washington Planning Area aside from the regional
economic impact of Texasgulf s phosphate mine in nearby Aurora. No natural resource in
this jurisdiction is affected by the mine in such a way that the City could control it.
3. ' ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
The public survey taken in March and April of 1990 listed development issues, generally, as less
important than resource issues. Nevertheless, economic issues surfaced fairly high on the list with
regard to utility rates, industrial training needs, recruitment and expansion of industry, and expansion
of the tourist industry. As mentioned earlier in this plan, local objectives concerning growth are
somewhat unclear. Development of all types is viewed positively but no incentives are offered which
direct or encourage specific types in specific areas, and annexations have occurred only by petition,
usually in satellite situations which basically "waste" resources by running service lines through areas
which are not served in order to reach the satellite. Residential development is the dominant type of
new growth. Commercial uses have increased in the past five years and are likely to enjoy continued
growth. Industrial development has shown slow but steady progress and institutional growth is linked
to secondary schools and health facilities.
The City would welcome more industrial development, but the public's greatest concern is to
produce incomes higher than minimum wage. Without a labor pool of highly skilled workers, it will
be difficult to lure higher tech industries into the area. The City also cannot afford to offer relocation
incentives to such industries. There are no industrial parks with amenities in place and none are
planned at this time. Only zoning determines location of industry. As the area gradually grows west
toward Greenville, there may be more opportunity to bridge with the "high tech" firms there and lead
them into this vicinity. One caution, however, is that some "high tech" firms generate toxic wastes
which impose a cost on the area.
Commercial development grows in response to local demand and is a function of the overall
economy. In that sense the Washington area economy appears to be strengthening, providing increasing
amounts of goods and services to area citizens.
Redevelopment of older areas has in the past been a popular activity in the City of Washington,
though these efforts have largely been private and deterioration is becoming evident. Community
Development Block Grant application for housing rehabilitation along 4th Street has recently been
submitted. Subdivision development is regulated by a subdivision ordinance. In the past five years,
residential in -fill has occurred in existing subdivisions without extensive creation of new subdivisions.
The City's services have adequate capacity to meet the present and projected future needs. A
caution should be noted with regard to infrastructure. While underground amenities such as water,
sewer, and stormwater pipes are out of sight, they should not be ignored or neglected over time.
Precisely because these improvements are very costly, a regular schedule should be utilized to maintain
existing systems.
I

' 40
'
a. Types and locations of Industries Desired
1
The City's public survey indicated a desire for high wage, non-polluting industrial
development, and this sentiment is easy to support.. The mechanism for attracting
such industry, from a practical standpoint, is somewhat more difficult to develop.
Nevertheless, as efforts are made to bring new industry to the area, high tech
'
priority should be considered.
The area along west US 264 between the highway and the River which is
currently zoned for industry is a logical location for future development. Density
1
should be controlled near the City's water supply area along Tranter's Creek,
otherwise, site standards will be based on State building codes, any Federal
requirement for a given industry, and local zoning and landscaping regulations.
Another high potential area for industry is in the northern sector of the planning
area around the airport between US Hwy 17 and Market Street Extension. The
City would like to see this area develop with light industry and office development.
b. Local Commitment to Providing Services
The City's policies on extension of services are described in Section 25-17 (Electric)
I
and Section 25A (Water and Sewer) of the City Code. In essence, the City extends
electrical service to all residential -classed customers at no cost for extension unless
excesses of normal equipment or facilities are required. Primary underground
facilities are installed in platted subdivisions to a maximum of 20 lots at no charge
'
to the developer. For Water and Sewer extension, if no lines are in place, the
property owner bears the cost unless the City Council determines there is advantage
for the City, in which case it may bear labor and equipment costs.
C. Types of Urban Growth Patterns Desired
As growth occurs away from the existing urban cluster, the City will rely on sound
zoning practices to guide development types into appropriate areas. The City
foresees the area east of Runyon Creek between US 264 and the River remaining
residential. North of US 264 to Keysville Road is projected to be an area where
' development pressure will increase because of the new Washington High School
facility. This area includes the City's groundwater site which should be considered
in development decisions. Secondary State roads currently in place will need
1 upgrading as the area develops. The City prefers low intensity land uses in this
area, with residential being the preference.
Commercial development is likely to continue the current trend of radiating
I outward along primary transportation routes.
The western sector "along US 264 outside the current City limits has
potential to develop as a bedroom community for people who work in Greenville.
The City would encourage such development in the area between US 264 and US
17.
The ultimate relocation site of US 17 will play a significant role in future
growth patterns.
1 In order to establish greater geographic continuity and promote growth, the
City may pursue annexation policies in accordance with guidelines set forth in Part
2, Article 4A, G.S. 106A-33 through G.S. 160A=42 of the North Carolina General
Statutes. A cost/benefit analysis may be used to prioritize eligible areas.

d.
e.
f.
9.
h.
41 '
Redevelopment of Developed Areas
Erosion is not a serious threat to developed areas on the north side of the River.
One structure off Whichard's Beach Road on the south shore was relocated because
of erosion about two years ago, but this is generally not a problem. Existing zoning
,
does not allow more intense redevelopment than current uses and that practice
would not be supported.
Commitment to State and Federal Programs
,
The City supports the State's Sedimentation and Erosion Control regulations and
will cooperate with the Army Corps of Engineers with regard to runoff. The north
shoreline is largely stabilized by bulkheads and the south shoreline is generally 404
Wetlands west of the Whichard's Beach area.
To date, public access has not been initiated beyond the local level. The
City is interested in providing more public access and would welcome State
assistance. A recent grant from the State's Division of Coastal Management
Estuarine and Ocean Access Program helped to fund marine bulkheading at Haven's
Gardens.
The City is dependent on the State Department of Transportation for
highway improvements and makes efforts to influence their decisions with regard
to placement of new roadways.
Port facilities and military facilities do not apply to the Washington
planning area, and no dredging has been done in the Washington area since the
1960s. The City opposes any expansion of the military operating area if the
expansion would negatively impact the municipal airport.
,
Assistance to Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment Projects.
'
This issue is not applicable.
Energy Facility Siting and Development
,
Electric generating plants are regulated by State and Federal agencies and are
usually sited in very rural areas. Any potential project would be subject to local
zoning regulations, however it is believed that the likelihood of such a proposal in
the Washington jurisdiction is very remote.
Offshore and inshore exploration for possible oil or natural gas is an issue
elsewhere in North Carolina but is believed to present no significant impact on the
,
Washington planning area.
Tourism
In terms of land use, the City has seen an increase in requests for Bed -Breakfast
zoning permits in the past five years. A recent landscape ordinance was developed
to enhance the appearance of the community for visitors and residents alike, and
'
the Historic District provides points of interest to tourists in the area.
Development along transportation corridors should be closely monitored to establish
a positive impression for travellers. The City supports the Chamber of Commerce
'

ri
1
I
42
with annual funding to promote the City. Billboards in other areas of the State
may be an effective advertising tool. The Historic District Walking Tour utilizes
the Stewart Parkway area and exposes visitors to the Half Moon replica. The City
also supports the Summer Festival in the Stewart Parkway and Downtown Area.
The overall policy ; shall be to promote the City and to maintain orderly
development and attractiveness through application of local ordinances.
Coastal and Estuarine Water/Beach Access
There is no beach access point which is open to the public in the planning area.
Haven's Gardens provides a waterfront park and pier but not a public beach. There
are no sites which meet State standards. Washington does not really experience
a wide variation in population seasonally and day visitors largely come for work or
shopping. The growing popularity of bass fishing tournaments in the area brings
visitors for that purpose who utilize both the public boat ramp and, to some extent,
the commercial facilities available in the City. An estuarine beach access point for
the public would be supported by the City if an appropriate site could be found
within the jurisdiction.
Types, Densities, Location, Units per Acre of Anticipated Residential Development
and Services to Support This Development
As mentioned in a and c above, residential development is anticipated to dominate
the entire eastern portion of the jurisdiction over the next five to ten years, and
is encouraged in the western portion between US 264 and US 17. Mobile home
and site -built development have been almost equal over the past five years, and
mobile home development is likely to remain significant as affordable housing.
Multi -family units have increased in the past five years and are generally acceptable
to the City in locations where municipal services are available and zoning
restrictions can be met. Densities of development are influenced by the availability
of services but tend to blend from the most dense R-6 zones near the center of the
City to.the A-20 zones outlying. Future services to support development will be
based on written extension policies within the City code.
The City has no sites which are suitable for landfills. They are dependent
on the County to provide such a site. The current County facility's permit expires
in two years. Currently there is investigation into a regional landfill concept. In
terms of sheer land area, the County landfill site has an estimated capacity to last
another ten years. Regulatory requirements will surely necessitate improvements
to the facility if it is used over the long term. City and County recycling efforts
are intensifying and the number of permanent sites is increasing.

4.
43
CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
a. Public Education
(1) Public participation is an important element of the planning process. The
City Planning Board, being an extension of the City Council, is charged with
the responsibility of keeping the public informed on all relevant planning
issues.
(2) All Planning Board meetings are open to the general public and provide
the opportunity for public involvement. Meetings are publicized in the
local newspaper and agendas are available prior to meetings.
(3) During this update process, citizen input was requested. Response was very
good for this type of survey at nearly 8%. The citizen opinion
questionnaire and its results are found on pages 45 and 46. News articles
are shown in Appendix C. Citizen attendance at meetings was negligible.
b. 'Continued Public Participation
(1)
Continuing public participation in the planning process is desired but
difficult to inspire. Except when faced with highly controversial issues such
as drinking water quality, citizens are generally content with land use
policies in the City and do not routinely participate.
(2)
The Planning Board could consider developing a "speakers bureau" to speak
to civic organizations about planning issues. Periodic citizen opinion
questionnaires could also be administered such as the one conducted in
conjunction with this plan update. The Planning Board and City Council
should prepare news items for local papers concerning each Planning Board
meeting. News items on local radio stations concerning planning are to
be encouraged as well.
(3)
The policy shall be to make regular efforts to draw more public
participation.
(4)
Implementation shall occur through attempting the options listed in number
(2) above.
C. Method
of Obtaining Citizen Input
(1)
During this plan update, several efforts were made to obtain citizen input.
Response was mixed. Articles regarding the Land Use Planning Process
were printed in the local newspaper. An initial public hearing was held
which had no attendance from the general public. A citizen survey was
distributed in the planning jurisdiction and 266 responses were received.
Planning Board meetings were publicized in the newspaper. The Planning
Board was designated as the supervising body on behalf of the City Council.
They are an appointed citizen board representing diverse interests within
the planning area. A schedule of meetings, listing of announcements, and
the adopted public participation plan follows the citizen survey results in
this section.
(2)
The City could and should improve its public information campaign efforts.
Openness to public comment and reasonableness of effort to make the
1

44
public aware of upcoming planning issues is the standard for methods of
obtaining input.
(3) It should be noted that average citizens tend to play a prominent role in
Washington's City government. Appointed boards track Planning, Board
of Adjustments functions, Downtown development, Historic District, airport
improvements, and other aspects of city life. Hopefully, this practice results
in decisions which most accurately reflect the will of the people and most
closely satisfy their needs. Extraordinary measures to force citizen
participation where none is desired would be a waste of scarce resources.
The City of Washington respects and encourages the opinions and ideas
of its citizens in all land use issues and will continue to provide ample
opportunity for those, who so desire to participate.

45
WASHINGTON PLANNING BOARD MEETING SCHEDULE
RE: Land Use Plan Update Matters
February 2, 1990
First meeting with Consultant;
Explanation and Overview of the project
March 5, 1990
First Public Hearing; Overview of project and 1985 Policies;
Discussion and Revision of Public Survey
Mid -March
Distribution of Public Survey
April 4, 1990
Statistical Update; Report on Survey Results
May 7, 1990
Revisions and Review of Total Data Collection
and Analysis Sections
June 6, 1990
Review and Evaluation of 1985 Policy Statements
July 24, 1990
Workshop - New Policy Formulation; Resource Protection
and Resource Production Issues
August 6, 1990
New Policy Formulation: Economic and Community Development Issues
August 8, 1990
Workshop - New Policy Formulation: Continuing Public Participation,
Storm Hazard Mitigation; Review of Land Classification
August 28, 1990
Joint Meeting with City Council re: Policy Statements
September 4, 1990
Final revisions to preliminary plan.
October 1, 1990
OK of preliminary for technical review by Division of Coastal Resources

I
M
PUBLIC SURVEY RESULTS
Responses were weighted as follows and tallied for the results below.
1=high priority, 2=medium priority, 3=low priority, 4=unimportant now, 5=now resolved
(3 points) (2 points) (1 point) (0 points)
=WEIGHTED
SCORE RANK
1.
Safe and adequate city water supply.
765
1
2.
Pollution of the Pamlico River by industry and municipalities.
736
2
3.
Improve solid waste management/recycling efforts.
679
3
4.
Impact of utility rates on development.
600
4
5.
Conservation of Wetlands, Areas of Environmental
Concern (AECs).
596
5
6.
Pollution due to inadequate storm drainage.
585
6
7.
Expand local school programs to accommodate
industry training needs.
544
7
8.
Recruitment and expansion of industry.
520
8
9.
Expansion of cultural and recreational facilities.
477
9
10.
Expansion of tourist industry.
472
10
11.
Increased access to public waterways including
boating and beach access.
414
11
12.
Upgrading and expanding city roads.
409
12
13.
Waterfront development.
367
13
14.
Expansion of restricted airspace by the military.
354
14
15.
Second and third floor downtown development.
353
15
16.
Recruitment of small specialty shops.
349
16
17.
Airport expansion.
319
17
18.
Improvement of townscape elements.
306
18
19.
Continued historic renovation.
302
19
20.
Expansion of Billboard Ordinance.
295
20
21.
Expansion of Historic District Ordinance.
235
21
22. Others (Write In): Please see supplement.
*Highest Possible Score = 798
Total Respondents = 266

47 1
PUBLIC SURVEY SUPPLEMENT
I
One hundred and sixty-four additional comments were written in the space provided. Many responses
were difficult to categorize. This listing represents combined types of comments received. I
• Reduce or control utility rates
• Environment re: air, noise, industrial or farm runoff, deforestation, resource protection
• Eliminate/reduce/reorganize historic district
• Improve schools/education
• Improve parkingloverall image/development downtown
,
• Enforce leash laws
• Reduce taxes/annex to increase tax base
• Take away 4-way stops/improve traffic flow
• Improve public safety/fight drugs/911
• Orderly development/strict zoning/strong subdivision regulations/determine carrying capacity/
do long-range planning
• Better quality/higher paying jobs
• Better fiscal management/better politics
• New parks/better Senior Center/Youth Center
• Expand/improve sewage treatment plant
'
• Improve Day Care
• Discourage chemical industries/chemical pollution
• Abolish CAMA
• Encourage/make development easier/exploit waterfront
• More/good restaurants
• Let major users pay for extension of services
• Expand library
• Reduce City service charges for funeral escorts
• Develop the railroad
• Help health conditions first
• Keep waste programs public
• Don't spend tax dollars on downtown
• Keep Highway 17 going through Town.
'
• Develop Washington for retirees/keep as a "bedroom community"
• Combine Festivals into one big one
• Develop tour boat trips into creeks/wild areas
• Don't fund the Half Moon
'
• Give Washington Park water

' 48
A RESOLUTION DESCRIBING THE 1990
' LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PLAN
In accordance with 15NCAC7B.0207 regarding Public Participation in Land Use Planning efforts,
the City Council, of the City of Washington, North Carolina, hereby adopts and supports public
' educational efforts and participation techniques to assure that. all segments of the City have a full and
adequate opportunity to be informed of proceedings and decisions relating to the City of Washington
1990 Land Use Plan Update.
' Prescribed elements in the Public Participation Plan are enumerated below:
(1)
The Washington Planning Board shall be responsible for the supervision of this project.
'
(2)
The Planning Board may appoint a subcommittee to ensure that diverse geographic,
economic, ethnic, cultural and social interests will be represented and to ensure timely
completion of the project.
(3)
A series of news articles explaining the Land Use Plan Update process shall be
'
provided monthly to a newspaper of general circulation. Incorporated into these articles
will be reports of Planning Board meetings. Efforts will also be made to educate the
public through distribution of information to major employers, civic organizations, and
schools.
(4)
The public shall be notified of opportunities for input by newspaper advertising and
radio public service announcements.
(a) If opinion surveys are used to gather information regarding issues and
policies, either a random sample of residents will be chosen for a
direct mailing or
(b) The survey will be published in the newspaper and drop boxes will be
set up for responses.
All Planning Board Meetings are public meetings. The Board meets on the first Monday
of each month at 8:00 PM.

49
(5) A public hearing shall be scheduled in March 1990, to review existing policy statements
and shall be held by the Planning Board. A public hearing shall also be held by the
City Council prior to local adoption (September 1990) of the completed draft version
of the plan, in accordance with 15NCAC7B.0402(a).
(6) Diversity of viewpoints shall be accomplished in good faith through implementation of
all elements in this Public Participation Plan.
Adopted this the 8th day of January, 1990.
Signature (Mayor)
Amended this the 14th day of May, 1990.
Signature (Mayor)

V. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION
A. OVERVIEW
The importance of a sound storm mitigation plan cannot be over emphasized. There are three
major reasons for such planning:
1. to save lives,
2. to save capital investments,
3. to save irreplaceable natural resources.
' Washington will always face a strong threat from hurricanes, northeasters, and other major storms.
As the City has grown, and continues to grow, its potential loss increases. Due to this ever-increasing
severity of loss it is important to plan now to be prepared for tomorrow.
The purpose of this section is to offer guidelines toward planning for a major storm. Following
this overview are four subsections which contain the guidelines the City intends to follow in preparation
for a major storm and the reconstruction to occur afterwards.
• • , V
1. Storm Hazards
The first step in this storm mitigation plan is to identify and map all areas of the community which
are most vulnerable to hurricane damages and to identify the damaging forces each area is subject to.
The areas most vulnerable to hurricane or other major storms are floodprone areas found within
the Washington Planning Area. Some are Areas of Environmental Concern, such as coastal wetlands,
estuarine waters, estuarine shoreline, and public trust areas. Areas of Environmental Concern are
' defined and identified in Section III.A of this Plan and have been classified as conservation in past
updates.
The 100-year floodplain elevation for the City of Washington is ten feet. A map of areas with an
elevation below 11 feet is found on page 11.1. These areas have a 1% chance of flood inundation in
' any given year.
The entire Washington Planning Area is also vulnerable to hurricane damages. The areas listed
above are subject to damaging forces that include high winds, flooding, erosion, and wave
' action/battering. Table 9 on the following page ranks the severity of risk in each hazard area according
to the damaging forces which are likely to occur there.
The Washington Planning Area is subject to high wind and flooding damage. Wetlands and
estuarine shoreline are also vulnerable to erosion and wave action damage.
' 2. Severity of Risk
A key component of this storm mitigation plan is the following description of what is at risk in the
Washington Planning Area. This description of risk includes, in accordance with CAMA guidelines, an
inventory of land uses and an inventory of structures within the planning area. Also provided, as per
CAMA guidelines, is an indication of the monetary value of the losses that the planning area might
sustain in the event of a major storm.
50

51
TABLE 9. Severity of Risk in Hazard Areas.
EXPOSURE TO DAMAGING FORCES
SEVERITY HIGH WAVE
HAZARD AREA RANK WINDS FLOODING EROSION ACTION
Coastal Wetlands 1 H H H H
Estuarine Waters 1 H H H H
Estuarine Shoreline 1 H H H H
Public Trust Areas 2 H H M M
Floodprone Areas 3 H H M L
Rest of Community 4 H M* L* L
Exposure Levels: High, Moderate, Low; *Modified per current discussion.
'
Source: City of Washington Land Use Plan 1985-1995, Planning and Design Associates, Raleigh,
North Carolina, 1986.
A narrative description of the inventory of land uses in the Washington Planning Area and an
existing land use map is contained in Section II.B of this Plan. The land use map enables the City to
'
measure the severity of what the City has at risk in terms of commercial, industrial, and institutional
structures. The potential capital loss in these areas is self-evident. The figures would be hundreds of
millions of dollars, an amount so staggering that it could not be replaced.
'
Data and maps provided by the NC Office of State Budget and Management and the NC State
Archives enabled the 1985 Plan to divide the City of Washington into nine "Planning Sub -Districts"
based on census enumeration districts. Since this update is taking place at the same time as the 1990
Census, a duplication of that effort is not possible. The City may wish to pursue that information for
'
comparative purposes when Census results are published in 1991.
What Washington has at risk is considerable - both in terms of population and in housing
structures. There is total population of approximately 15,700 in the overall planning area with an
'
estimated housing structure value of $182,428,000. Identifying population and structure value within
the Foodprone areas will enable the City to measure the severity of risk, both in terms of human lives
and in terms of monetary value.
The evacuability of the Washington Planning Area is discussed in Before the Storm in Beaufort
'
County: Avoiding Harm's Wayl, the County's storm mitigation plan. Eight evacuation zones have been
established in the County. Parts of the Washington Planing Area lie within three of these zones -
Zones IV, V, and VIII.
Surge Inundation Points have also been identified in Before the Storm in Beaufort County.
Inundation Points in the Washington Planning Area include: a portion of River Road (SR 1300) that
feeds US 264, and all State roads that feed River Road (SR 1300), from Broad Creek to Washington
'
across Runyon's Creek Bridge; and on US 264 from Oak Drive and Hillcrest Drive due west,
intersecting US 17, south to and including the Pamlico River Bridge.
y

52
' The analysis provided in Before the Storm in Beaufort County provides evidence that the entire City
of Washington is well within the standard warning time of 12 hours provided by the National Weather
Service. The principle roads in Washington, US 17, US 264, and NC 32, are all capable of transporting
455 vehicles per hour at 35 miles per hour. During a 12-hour period the three roads together could
transport 16,380 vehicles. This number is more than ample for the City's present and future needs,
however, it should be remembered that these routes serve all of Beaufort County.
The City of Washington has three evacuation shelters available to residents of its planning area.
They are: John C. Tayloe Elementary School, Eastern Elementary School, and the National Guard
Armory.
C. RECOMMENDED POLICIES REGARDING STORM MITIGATION
Policy statements and implementation strategies offered in this section of the Land Use Plan will
decrease the City's risk of hurricane damage:
1. Mitigate the effects of high winds, storm surge, flooding, wave action, and erosion by strict
enforcement of Federal Flood Insurance building requirements in floodprone areas, by
height restrictions within dimensional requirements of the local zoning ordinance, and by
support of State regulations regarding erosion control.
2. Discourage high density or large structure new development in the areas most vulnerable
to damage by strict adherence to standards set in the zoning ordinance and Flood Insurance
building codes.
3. The City may consider public acquisition of land in the most hazardous areas if funding is
available, but this option is not currently considered practical.
4. Evacuation shall follow procedures in accordance with the Beaufort County emergency
management plan.
D. RECONSTRUCTION
According to Before the Storm: Managing Development to Reduce Hurricane Damages, by William
D. McElyea, David J. Brower, and David R. Godschalk, a reconstruction plan has four purposes. It
should:
1. Expedite community recovery by outlining procedures and requirements before damages
occur.
2. Establish a procedural framework for putting storm mitigation measures into effect after
disaster strikes the community, and buildings and utilities are being repaired.
3. Gather and analyze information concerning the location and nature of hurricane
damages in the community.
4. Assess the community's vulnerability to hurricane damages and guide reconstruction to
minimize this vulnerability.

53
Beaufort County has a post -disaster reconstruction plan, the Beaufort County Disaster Relief and
Assistance Plan, which was adopted in September 1982. That plan addresses post -disaster
reconstruction, fulfilling all four purposes cited in Before the Storm: Managing Development to Reduce
Hurricane Damages. The Beaufort County Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan outlines all of the steps
the County will take to serve all of its communities during the recovery phase of a major hurricane.
That plan is available in the regional office of the NC Division of Emergency Management in
Washington.
In addition to the guidelines of the Beaufort County Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan, there are
several courses of action the City should take that will complement the Beaufort County Disaster Relief
and Assistance Plan. These courses of action will also expedite the successful delivery of the Beaufort
County Plan. The following policy objectives and implementation strategies further define the policy
statements offered in Section IV of this Plan.
E. POST -DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES
1. The City of Washington should follow the guidelines set forth in the County's Emergency
Management Plan, paying particular attention to Annex F (Beaufort County Damage
Assessment Plan), Annex G (Disaster Assistance Program'Summary), and Annex I (Beaufort
County Plan for Temporary Housing).
2. Local Policies to Direct Long -Term Reconstruction
The developed areas of Washington are largely located in flood and storm hazard areas.
Denying reconstruction in these areas would not be feasible.
a. Local zoning and subdivision regulations provide the framework of ideals for all
development within the City. Except where uses or properties are presently
deemed to be "non -conforming" according to the local law, the City would support
reconstruction which approximates preexisting conditions. All reconstruction, like
all new development, must occur in compliance with local ordinances and applicable
higher -level governmental restrictions.
3. Create a "Recovery Task Force" and allocate responsibilities among members.
a. The Task Force should include the following members or representatives:
1)
City Manager
2)
Building Inspector
3)
City Council
4)
Planning Board
5)
Public Works Superintendent
6)
Police/Fire Departments
7)
Historic Commission
b. Coordinate all efforts with necessary County, State, and Federal agencies.
1) Upon establishment of the "Recovery Task Force" and allocation of
responsibilities, notify appropriate agencies and work with them to meet
collective goals.
I
�l
F�

54
4. Prioritize all clean-up efforts.
a. Service facilities (electricity, water, sewer, etc.) should be repaired first.
b. Public facilities which could be used for additional shelter should be
repaired next.
C. A "worst damage" approach should follow afterwards.
d. The City should be prepared to adopt a temporary moratorium on all new
development until reconstruction is complete.
e. Redevelopment will occur at a controlled pace. Structures not conforming
to zoning ordinances in place at the time which have experienced 50% or
greater destruction (to be evaluated by local authorities) will not be
reconstructed except by review of local authorities.
5. Repair or Replacement of Infrastructure
a. The City's policy is to repair or replace public infrastructure in current locations
when feasible, based upon the priority schedule determined in #4 above.
IMcElyea, W.E., et al., 1982. NC Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Office of Coastal
Management, Raleigh, NC.

VI. LAND CLASSIFICATION
The land classification system has been developed as a means of assisting in policy implementation
by graphically delineating where certain policies will apply. This is particularly important at the State
and Federal levels of permitting since local ordinances are not readily available to these review agencies.
' The system is intended to be supported by zoning, subdivision, and other local growth management
tools. The classification designations and local ordinances should be consistent with one another so that
the State will not issue (or fail to issue) permits against the will of the local government when options
are available. Boundaries of each class must be described as clearly as possible in the text as well as
' on the map, and in order to clarify its intent, the local government should describe how the land
classification is linked to chosen policies.
Seven classes are included in the current land classification offered by the Coastal Area Management
' Act: developed, urban transition, limited transition, community, rural, rural with services, and
conservation. Local government may subdivide these classes into more specific subclasses. The classes
are defined by the types and densities of development present, existing and desired uses, and present
and future availability of services.
' Applicable classifications for the Washington Planning Area may include: Developed, Urban
Transition, Limited, Transition, Rural, and Conservation. Subclasses of these may be desirable in some
areas. A Land Classification Map follows this chapter on page 57.1.
A. DEVELOPED
The purpose of the developed class is to provide for continued intensive development and
redevelopment of existing cities and their urban environs.
Areas meeting the intent of this class are currently urban in character, meaning land uses such as
' residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and others at high to moderate densities. Minimal
undeveloped land remains. Municipal and public services including water, sewer, recreational facilities,
streets and roads, fire and police protection are in place or scheduled for provision in the short term.
' Developed class residential areas have a density of 3 or more dwelling units per acre, a majority
of lots are 15,000 square feet or less and are provided with traditional services, or permanent population
densities are high and seasonal populations swell significantly.
In the Washington Planning Area, the Developed classification can be defined as lands within the
City limits. Subclasses of this area include the Historic District and the Downtown Waterfront
Development District.
' B. URBAN TRANSITION
' The purpose of this classification is to provide for future intensive urban development on lands that
are suitable and that will be provided with the necessary urban services to support intense urban
development.
Areas meeting the intent of this class are presently being developed for urban purposes or will be
' developed in the next five to ten years. They are areas in transition from lower to higher intensity of
uses and are generally free from physical limitations for development. They will require urban services.
They should be contiguous to existing developed areas. They may include areas being considered for
annexation or other areas within the extraterritorial jurisdiction.
55

Ffll
In. choosing land for the urban transition class, it should NOT include: areas with severe physical
limitations which would make provision of services difficult or impossible, conservation lands, land with
special value such as productive farmland, forests, mineral deposits, water supply watersheds,
archaeological sites, important wildlife habitats, flood zones, areas important for environmental or
scientific values, lands where urban development might damage or destroy natural systems or processes
of more than local concern, or land whose intense development may result in undue risk to life and
property from natural or manmade hazards.
In the Washington Planning Area, Urban Transition Areas radiate west, north, and cast of the
present city limits. The boundary of the Urban Transition class extends from the Washington Park area
eastward to the extraterritorial jurisdiction line and moves north between the current City limits and
Keysville Road. Across .the northern section, this class extends from the current City limits northward
to Cherry Road (SR, 1517) and then westward roughly following the courses of Cherry Run to US
Highway 17 near Cherry Run Road (SR 1001). The western boundary of urban transition extends from
Cherry Run Road in a west-southwest direction to include Rosedale Subdivision and crossing US
Highway 264 to take in Tranter's Creek Subdivision where it converges with the Conservation
classification. Subclasses in the 1985 Land Use Plan Update specified areas where services were
anticipated within five years (Transition I) and those where services were to be added within ten years
(Transition II). As no capital improvements plan has been operating in the City of Washington,
Transition I did not move to the Developed Class over the past five years as anticipated, though
residential and some commercial development has taken place.
C. LIMITED TRANSITION
This class is intended for predominantly residential development taking place on lands with physical
limitations or in areas near valuable estuarine waters or other fragile natural systems. Sewers and other
services may be added here to protect against negative impacts of septic tanks rather than as an
incentive for intense development. While certain areas meet the intent of this class, the City currently
does not have a policy or practice of extending services to areas outside the city limits, and so this
classification will not be used at this time. If the City's policy or practice changes within the five-year
update period, an amendment to the Land Classification Map may be requested.
D. RURAL
The purpose of -the rural class is to provide for agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction, and allied
uses associated with an agrarian regions. Noxious or hazardous land uses may also be appropriate here
if sited to minimize negative impacts.
Areas meeting the intent of this class are characteristically very low density dispersed residential
development with on -site water and septic facilities. Other uses may include energy generating plants,
airports, sewage treatment facilities, fuel storage tanks, resource production industries, and other
industrial uses. Fire, rescue, and sheriff protection may be available. Population densities are very low.
The Washington Planning Area has a large band of agricultural use across the northernmost portion
of the jurisdiction. The rural class is also used along the strip -developed area of US Highway 17 south
and Sand Hole Road and Whichard's Beach Road in the southernmost portion of the planning area.
The boundary falls approximately 500 feet on either side of the roadways except where it Hairs in the
residential area of Whichard's Beach Road to within seventy-five feet of the Pamlico River.
The Rural with Services Classification is not applicable in this Plan and will not be used.
I
E
H

57
E. CONSERVATION
The purpose of the conservation class is to provide for the effective long-term management and
protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas. Management is needed due to natural, cultural,
' recreational, scenic, or natural productive values of both local and extra -local concern.
Areas meeting the intent of this class are Areas of Environmental Concern (coastal wetlands,
estuarine waters and shorelines, public trust areas) and other sensitive areas such as "404 Wetlands"
(regulated by the Army Corps of Engineers), wildlife habitats, undeveloped forestlands, or scenic/
' cultural/recreational/natural resources. This class is designed to illustrate the natural, productive, scenic,
cultural, and recreational features which make the coastal region a desirable place to live, work, and
visit. Because of their uniqueness, conservation areas should either not be developed at all or, if
' developed, done in an extremely limited and cautious way. Urban services, public or private, should
not be provided in these areas as a catalyst to stimulate development.
While the State's Coastal Management Program regulates development in AECs, their standards
are considered minimum. Local governments desiring a more protective development approach in these
' areas may set their own, more restrictive standards within their land use plans and the State will honor
those standards in letting permits.
In the Washington Planning Area most of the southern jurisdiction lies in "404 Wetlands" regulated
' by the Army Corps of Engineers. In the portion north of the Rivers, Coastal Wetlands and estuarine
shorelines apply. Coastal wetlands are the most restrictive of all AECs and very few uses are permitted
therein by the Coastal Management program. Preservation of wetlands is strongly encouraged because
' of their well -documented contribution to the natural productivity of the coastal area. Estuarine
shoreline AECs are also known for their contribution to natural productivity in nearby waters. The
State allows many uses as long as the thirty percent impervious surfaces rule is met and development
ensures minimal degradation. Wetland environments are dynamic in nature and are difficult to map
because they are constantly in flux. For purposes of this land classification the approximate boundaries
of the Conservation class will be all areas on the south side of the Rivers which are not classified as
Rural and the wetlands/floodprone area between Kennedy Creek and Tranter's Creek on the north side
of the Tar River.
�1

CLARK'
NECK
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C I t y of Washington
Land C I a s s 1 f Ication
1990
Developed
® Urban Transi lion
Rural
Conservation
Note: The Tar -Pamlico River is a public trust area and is included
in the Conservation Classification.
111Storic DIstilet
Waterfront Development District
• The Town of Washington Park is not a part of this plan.
US264 -- Clty Boundary
-- E T J Boundary
0 4000 8000
F E F T
THE PREPARATION OF THIS MAP 9AS FINANCED TN
PART THROUGH A GRANT PROVIDED By THE NORTH
CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, THROUGH
FUNDS PROVIDED BY THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF
1972, AS AMENDED; WHICH IS ADMINISTERED By THE
OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRAITON
WASHINGTON, BEAUFORT COUNTY
uz xs� fc sx �
WASFNGTON
u5 36 IS 16a — /
I OATM i
u5 V
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57.

VII. RELATIONSHIP OF POLICES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION
A. DEVELOPED CLASSIFICATION
The City of Washington encourages historic preservation, new industrial development, in -fill
residential development, tourism, and recreation within its City limits. Commercial development or
redevelopment of the waterfront area has been a topic of interest for several years and continues to be
encouraged. Municipal and public services are already in place inside the City limits and development
is controlled by local zoning regulations.. The City wishes to act cautiously with regard to marina
development which is currently not allowed in the Waterfront Development District and only in very
few locations in the jurisdiction at all. The City recognizes the Developed classification area for what
it is and accepts this area as the general location for variety uses and higher density and intensity
development.
11.3wei • : � o V_Z" C�7`►�i1 il:�`C� I C�7:�I Ci7`►I
Because the hub of the City was built around the waterfront, a radiating pattern of development
has occurred over time. This pattern is expected to continue during the planning period. The City
desires growth outside its current City limits but cannot presently afford to allocate funds for extension
of water and sewer lines as an incentive. Working in cooperation with developers of all types, the City's
policy is to support all efforts deemed valuable to the City. The area designated as Urban Transition
holds the potential for growth of all types during the next five to ten years and the potential for
annexation. Financial considerations will determine whether this potential develops. Outlying density
is regulated to be lower than in areas closer to the hub, but the urban character will still prevail in
these areas.
C. RURAL CLASSIFICATION
Very low density dispersed residential with on -site water and sewer facilities characterizes the areas
designated as rural in the Washington Planning Area. The City has no policy to interrupt rural uses
nor to enhance services in those areas within the five to ten year planning period. Development is not
encouraged on the south side of the River and is limited by soil suitability for septic tanks.
' D. CONSERVATION CLASSIFICATION
The City's policies are basically written around support of existing State and Federal regulations
' regarding Conservation areas. One area of apparent conflict is the conservation area between Kennedy
Creek and Tranter's Creek in the western portion of the jurisdiction. This area is zoned for industrial
uses; however, any proposed development within seventy-five feet of the shorelines will be reviewed for
' conformity to State and Federal regulations. Other sites will be dictated by topography in the area and
all sites will be regulated by the local zoning ordinance.
The City has not chosen to impose stricter development controls than the State or Federal
Government's at this time. Nevertheless, it understands the need for protecting special areas and
appreciates the State's willingness to provide an enforcement mechanism and necessary personnel to
help them implement this protection.
58

1
VIII. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION
AND HSAPLEMENTATION
The issues discussed in this Plan are common to most municipalities within, the Coastal region. The
Coastal Resources Commission encourages broad -based intergovernmental coordination to share
potential solutions to common problems. This coordination may be described by three applications:
1. The policy discussion and the land classification map encourage coordination and
consistency between local land use policies and the State and Federal governments. The
local land use plan is the principle policy guide for governmental decisions and activities
which affect land use in the City of Washington.
2. The local land use plan provides a framework for budgeting, planning, and for the
provision and expansion of community facilities such as water and. sewer systems,
schools, and roads.
3. The local land use plan will aid in better coordination of regulatory policies and
decisions by describing the local land use policies and designating specific areas for
certain type of activities. The City of Washington intends to foster intergovernmental
coordination by:
a. being a member of any organization of managers and/or mayors within
the coastal region that may be organized.
b. showing that it is inclined to implement policies in consideration of
interests beyond the local level.
C. assuring that the zoning map conforms to future directions for desired
growth.
d. working with the State's Department of Cultural Resources in
protecting* and enhancing its cultural, historical, and archaeological
resources.
e. issuing minor CAMA permits in strict accord with regulations.
f. enforcing State building and sanitary codes on the local level.
g. investigating intergovernmental coalitions for the purpose of providing
watershed protection, regional landfill service, and other extraterritorial
improvements to the local quality of life.
4. Upon ratification, the local land use plan will be provided to County offices in
accordance with Section .0506 of current CAMA guidelines to ensure coordination of
City/County activities.
59

0
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Soil Conservation Service
North Carolina
Technical Guide
Section II-A-1
Optober, 1986
HIGHLY ERODIBLE LANDS
Beaufort County, North Carolina
T.
Map Unit Slope LS
Symbol Nap Unit Name % "V "T" EI - 8
A. Highly Erodible
5C2 Craven fsl, 4-8% slope 4+ % .37 4 .23
10C Winton fsl, 5-12% slopes 5+.% .20 4 .57.
B. Potentially Highly Erodible
5B Craven fsl, 1-4% slopes 3 % .37 4 .23
55 Dogue fsl, 1-4% slopes 4 % .28 4 .33

Septic Tank Information
From Beaufort County Health Department '
Area A - Marginal and unacceptable areas - many problems already exist. '
Area B - Generally good for septic tanks. '
Area C - Good soils for septic tank percolation - very few problems,
Area D - Fill and high water tables - could be serious problem area ,
Area E - Generally good- very few problems except water table in certain '
areas.
Area F - Marginal soils. '
Source: Greater Washington 201 Facilities, Appendix, July 1977. '

§ 25A-14
Water and Wastewater
§ 25A-16
'
Sec. 25A-14. Same-- Connections beyond city limits.
Any person owning or controlling premises located b.eyond the corporate
limits and desiring to install a plumbing system for the purpose of discharging
domestic wastewater or industrial waste into the sanitary sewers of the city may
do so by complying with the requirements of this article and paying all appli-
cable fees and charges. (1960Code, ch. F, art. 5B, § 5; 7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-
86, § 1.)
Division 2. Water.
Sec. 25A-15. "Public water system" defined; approval of
plans and specifications .
A "public water system" is a publicly or privately owned water system
regularly serving drinking water to the public and having at least fifteen ser-
vice connections that are used at least sixty days of the year or serve an average.
of twenty-five individuals at least sixty days a year. Plans and specifications
must be approved by the department of human resources, division of health
services, environmental health section. (7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
rSec.
25A-16. Provision of water service.
(a) Area outside city.
(1) With adequate water lines existing. Upon receipt of a request
for water service and payment of all fees and charges, the public works de-
partment may construct a water tap to serve the property. The property owner
shall pay the then existing water tap fee and capital investment fee prior to
receiving a tap.
lines
(2) Water not existing.
' a. Upon receipt of a request for water service, the city council may
approve the request and authorize construction of a line to serve the property.
When a waterline is constructed, it shall extend across the entire frontage of
' the property to be serviced.
b . The property owner or developer shall bear the cost of all ma-
terials and right-of-way to construct a water line from the nearest adequately
' sized line to serve the property, and to construct all distribution lines required
and approved by the city to serve the property to be developed . The city may
bear the cost of labor and equipment to construct the line. The city council
' may order that the construction be accomplished by a contractor, in which case
the party requesting such service shall pay the full cost.
' c . If the city council determines that sufficient advantages exist, it
may choose to bear the cost of materials, labor and equipment to construct a
line from the nearest adequately sized water line to the property to be served.
286.11
Supp. #8, 10-86

§ 25A-17 Washington City Code
§ 25A-18 I
d . Each property requesting service and abutting a waterline con-
structed according to subparagraph b. ore. of this paragraph shall comply :vith
paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(3) Charges after annexation into city After annexation into the
city, property which abuts an existing water line shall pay the then existing
inside capital investment fee and water tap fee prior to receiving a tap.
(4) Fire hydrants. The city will not install fire hydrants outside the
corporate limits, except where arrangements are made to pay for construction
of the hydrant, pay an annual use fee, measure water flow and pay for water
used..
(5) Water rates. Water customers outside the city shall be charged
the regular outside rate.
(b) Area inside city.
(1) With adequate water lines existing. The city will construct a
water tap after receipt of the then existing water tap fee
(2) Water lines not existing. When a property owner within the
city requests water service, the city council may order the extension of a water
main to serve the property and assess all abutting property owners an amount
equal to the cost of materials but such assessments shall not exceed six dollars
per front foot.
(c) Other conditions. When a subdivision or developer requests water
service and conditions in subsection (a) or (b) of this section do not apply, or
if an unusually large amount of construction is required, the conditions of pay-
ment shall be determined through negotiations and established in a contract be-
tween the property owner and city council (7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
Sec. 25A-17. Taking water from public hy drants .
No person, except the director of public works or chief of the fire depart-
ment or person in charge of street cleaning, shall take or in any way use water
for private use from public hydrants, unless such person shall pay for the priv-
ilege and receive the usual permit to do so. (1960 Code, ch. F, art. 4, § 7;
7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
Sec. 25A-18. Inspection of fire hydrants.
It shall be the duty of the director of public works or his designated rep-
resentative to examine all fire hydrants in the city at least once every six months.
(1960 Code, ch. F, art. 4, § 8, 7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
286.12
Supp. #8, 10-86
U
F

I
§ 25A-19 Water and Wastewater § 25A-20
Division 3. Wastewater.
Sec . 25A-19 . Standards for sewer systems .
'
(a) Plans for additions or alterations to the existing sewer system
must be approved by POTW or DEM .
'
(b) Septic tanks shall not be constructed within the city limits. Exist-
ing septic tanks may be used until any type of cleaning or repair is required,
at which time the structure shall be connected to the city sewer system and the
septic tank removed or filled with dirt. (7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
Sec. 25A-20. Provision of sewer service.
'
(a) Area outside city.
(1) With adequate sewer lines existing. Upon receipt of a request
'
for sewer service and payment of all fees and charges, the public works depart-
ment may construct a sewer tap to serve the property, The property owner
shall pay the then existing sewer tap fee and capital investment fee prior to re-
ceiving a tap.
(2) Sewer lines not .existing.
a. Upon receipt of a request for sewer service, the city council
may approve the request and authorize construction of a line to serve the prop-
erty. When a sewer line is constructed, it shall extend across the entire front-
age of the property to be served.
b. The party requesting sewer service shall pay the entire cost of
'
construction, including materials, labor, equipment and necessary lift stations.
c . If the city council determines that sufficient advantages exist, it
may choose to bear the cost of constructing a sewer line from the nearest ade-
quately sized sewer line to the property to be served.
d. Each property requesting service and abutting a sewer line con-
structed according to subparagraph b. or c. of this paragraph shall comply
with paragraph (1) of this subsection.
'
(3) Charges after annexation into city . After annexation into the
city, property which abuts an existing sewer line shall pay the then existing .
inside capital investment fee and sewer tap fee prior, to receiving a tap..
(4) Sewer rates. Sewer customers outside the city shall be charged
the regular outside rate.
286.13
Supp. #8, 10-86

§ 25A-21
Washington City Code
(b) Area inside city.
§ 25A-23 I
(1) With adequate sewer lines existing. The city will construct a
sewer tap after receipt of the then existing sewer tap fee.
(2) Sewer lines not existing. When a property owner within the
city requests sewer service, the city council may order the extension of a sewer
main to serve the property and assess all abutting property owners an amount
equal to the total cost of constructing the line, but such assessments shall not
exceed ten dollars per front foot. The city shall pay the cost of all lift stations
and force mains.
(c) Other conditions. When a subdivision or developer requests sewer
service and conditions in subsection (a) or (b) of this section do not apply, or
if an unusually large amount of construction is required, the conditions of pay-
ment shall be determined through negotiations and established in a contract be-
tween the property owner and city council. (7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
Sec . 25A-21 . Outdoor privies , etc .
It shall be unlawful to construct, to maintain or to use any outdoor privy
or any device for collecting wastewater within the city limits which is not con-
nected to the sewer system. (7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
Sec. 25A-22. Emptying wastewater into stream, etc.
prohibited; discharge of storm or un-
contaminated cooling water.
Wastewater shall not be emptied into a stream, ditch or other drainage
device in the limits of the city. All wastewater from the city water system shall
be discharged into the sanitary sewer system. All storm water shall be dis-
charged into the storm drainage system. Uncontaminated cooling water may be
discharged into the storm sewer system. (1960 Code, ch . J , art. 2, § 3; 7-11-
83, § 1; 7-8-85, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
Sec. 25A-23. Prohibited discharges into sewers --Gen-
erally .
No person shall pour, throw or discharge any substance, either solid or
liquid, into any sanitary or storm sewer at any manhole or at any opening there-
in other than a sewer connection, nor shall any person discharge into any sani-
tary or storm sewer any substance likely to obstruct or to cause undue injury to
the same or any substance of such high causticity or of a sufficiently acid na-
ture to interfere materially with the equipment used in connection therewith.
(1960 Code, ch. F, art. 5, § 3; 7-11-83, § 1; 10-13-86, § 1.)
286.14
Supp . #8, 10-86
U
I�

CITY OF WASHINGTON
ELECTRIC SERVICE POLICIES
WASHINGTON, N.C.
(Refer to City Code, Section 25-17)
Effective 7-1-89

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 General Goals
CHAPTER 2 Electric Rates
CHAPTER 3 Terms and Conditions
CHAPTER 4 Underground Electric Service Policy
CHAPTER 5 Temporary Service Policy

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL GOALS
Sec. 1-1 Normal electric service shall be to provide one delivery point
at one particular voltage to a customer.
Sec. 1-2 An extra facilities policy shall be to charge a monthly rate of
2.25% of the additional capital investment necessary to serve.
a customer greater than the normal facilities.
Sec. 1-3 All residential classed customers should be provided service
upon request. Providing, the request is.for normal service at
standard voltages and the customer agrees to accept the City
Electrical Policies.
Sec. 1-4 All other electric services should be served if the customer
agrees to accept the City Electrical Policies and agrees.to
guarantee the City annual revenue equal to 25% of the capital
investment necessary to provide service. This guarantee may
be in the form of electric usage, monthly minimum, or contri-
bution in aid of construction.
Sec. 1-5 Services established prior to the effective date of these poli-
cies shall be subjected to all rates contained herein, unless
determined otherwise by virtue of written contract. Construction
methods and policies contained herein shall only apply to those
services which are constructed or upgraded after the effective
date of said methods and policies.

CHAPTER 3
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
ARTICLE 1 - Service Connections
Sec. 3-1 The City will supply and meter
of the characteristics agreed upon by the
delivery point..
at one delivery point electricity '
Customer and the City at the
Sec. 3-2 The City will make application for the permits and acquire the
easements necessary to build its supply facilities to the property occupied
by the Applicant or Customer and the Applicant or Customer will apply for,
obtain, and deliver to the City all other permits or certificates necessary
to give the City the right to connect its facilities to the Applicant's or
Customer's facilities, and access for all other property purposes including
an easement from the landowner for the City's facilities. The City shall not
be required to supply electricity until a reasonable time has elapsed after
the City has obtained or received all necessary permits, certificates, and
easements.
Sec. 3-3 Should any change or changes in the service connection furnished
the Customer by the City be made necessary by any requirement of public
authority, the entire cost of such changes on the Customer's side of the
delivery point shall be borne by the Customer.
Sec. 3-4 Whenever a Customer requests the City to supply electricity to.
a single premises in a manner which requires equipment and facilities in
excess of those which the City would normally provide, and the City finds
it practicable, such excess equipment and facilities may be provided under
the following conditions:
1. Electricity will be supplied only to a single premises consisting
of contiguous property not divided by any dedicated public street,
road, highway, or alley or by property not owned or leased by the
Customer.
2.- The facilities supplied shall be of a kind and type of transmission
or distribution line or substation equipment normally used by or
acceptable to the City and shall be installed in a place and manner
satisfactory to the City. All equipment furnished and installed by
the City shall be and remain the property of the City. When excess
facilities are provided to supply electricity at more than one deliv-
ery point, the facilities interconnecting the delivery points shall
be located on the Customer's premises.
3. The Customer agrees to pay the City a Monthly Facilities Charge
equal to 2.257 of the estimated new installed cost of all facilities
provided by the City in addition to those the City would normally
provide to supply electricity to the Customer at one delivery point.
The Monthly Facilities Charge will be in addition to the charge for
electrical usage in accordance with the applicable rate schedule.
11

4. In lieu of paying the Facilities Charge as determined under sub-
paragraph 3 above, the Customer may agree to pay, (a) a one-time
' Facilities Charge equal to the estimated new installed cost of all
facilities provided by the City in addition to those the City
would normally provide to supply electricity to the Customer at
' one delivery point, plus (b) a Monthly Facilities Charge equal to
17 of said cost, for operation and maintenance of said facilities.
' 5. Whenever a Customer requests the City to furnish an alternate source
of supply that the City would not normally furnish, the Facilities
Charge for the alternative supply facilities shall be calculated as
in subparagraph 3 or 4 above. When the facilities used to provide
' alternate service to a Customer are also used to serve other customers,
the cost of such facilities shall be included in the calculation of
the Facilities Charge only in the proportion that the capacity re-
' served for alternate service to the Customer bears to the operating
capacity of such facilities.
' 6. All electricity will normally be metered at the voltage delivered
to the consumer; however, when the City and consumer can agree by
contract, then the City may at its sole option, provide and meter
electrical service to the consumer at a level, other than the
' delivered voltage.
7. The City shall not be required to make such installations of equip-
ment and facilities in addition to those normally provided until
the Customer has signed such agreements and fulfilled such other
conditions as may be required by the City.
8. The City shall reserve the right to, at all times, to dictate to
the Consumer the service voltage, location of service, and facilities
to be used in the construction of any electrical service.
Sec. 3-5 When a developer request the relocation of Electric Facilities due
to subdividing of lots, driveways, etc., the developer will contribute to the
City•the total cost of relocation based on depreciation of existing facilities.
J

CHAPTER 4 '
UNDERGROUND ELECTRIC SERVICE POLICY
ARTICLE I. DIVISION 1. RESIDENTIAL
The City will provide, under the terms of a Residential Schedule, underground ,
electric service to residential living units not previously supplied electricity,
upon payment to the City of the charge or charges to be determined as described '
below.
Sec. 4-1 The charge for underground service within residential developments
shall be as follows: '
(a) For single phase service for underground subdivisions and underground
mobile home parks: The charge per unit shall be the average estimated '
differential cost per unit between underground and overhead facilities.
(b) For single phase service for apartment and townhouse developments '
having individually metered residential units on residential rate
schedules:
(1) Same as Sec. 4-1 (a) '
(c) Installation fees for all underground area lights: '
(1) When installed at time of customer service installation, a fee of
$40 plus sales tax. '
(2) When installed after customer service installation, a fee of $80
plus sales tax.
Sec. 4-2 The underground service charge for individual service laterals to - '
individual residences from an overhead line on or adjacent to the residential
lot shall be as follows:
(a) Same as Sec. 4-1 (a)
Sec. 4-3 When an individual residential customer requests the City to convert '
an existing overhead service to underground, such service will be furnished in
accordance with the following; the owner or customer, in addition, pays to
the City (a) exact cost per foot for installation of new service plus '
(b) the depreciated original cost of an existing overhead facilities
adequate to serve the load less estimated value of salvage, plus (c) the
estimated cost of removing such overhead facilities. (d) If customer '
request change from overhead to underground because of converting to all
electric, Sec. 4-1 (a) will be referenced, plus (b) and (c) above.

' DIVISION 2 - CHARGES TO RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPERS
Sec. 4-4 Developers subdividing property for residential use and requesting
' underground facilities will be charged based on the following schedule:
(a) The City will install primary underground electric distribution
' facilities in any platted subdivision, to a maximum of twenty (20)
contiguous lots per installation, at no charge to the developer.
This does not include the charge for each service with the meter
' correctly located. (b) The developer must have two - thirds (2/3) of the twenty (20) lot credit
occupied or under construction prior to the advancement of any
additional lot credits. At such time as two-thirds (2/3) of the
twenty (20) lot credit are occupied or under construction, the City
will then construct the necessary facilities and advance the
necessary number of lots in order to maintain the twenty (20) lot
' margin. All additional lots advanced must also be contiguous to
themselves and the original twenty (20) lot credit.
(c) No developer shall be advanced credit, by the City, for more than twenty
(20) lots, in any one (1) subdivision, without charge.
' (d) Any developer requesting the City to install service to more than twenty
(20) lots during a single installation, or service to lots which are
less than twenty (20) in number but not contiguous, shall be charged under
the following provisions: (1) The total cost difference between overhead
and underground facilities; plus (2) A one-time facilities charge based
on the estimated loss of revenue from unused facilities; plus (3) A
yearly charge for core losses on unused transformer capacity.
' Sec. 4-5 Developments wanting to convert from existing overhead to underground
would be required to pay the City:
' (a) Total cost associated with installation of underground facilities plus
' (b) The estimated cost of removing such overhead facilities minus
(c)estimated value of salvage of overhead facilities.
DIVISION 3 - INSTALLATIONS UNDER THIS PLAN SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING
CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS:
1 Sec. 4-6 The developer will enter into a contract with City for the installation
of said underground system and shall pay any charges as provided in said contract.
Said contract may include any provisions agreed to by the parties as necessary or
desirable for the particular installation but shall not vary substantially from
' the provisions of this Plan.
Sec. 4-7 In order to avoid excess investment in idle facilities, City may limit
the extent of any underground installation to that area which in City's judgement
is likely to be occupied within a reasonable time. In such event, the developer
may obtain installation in the additional area by paying for the additional area
' to be served as stated in Sec. 4-4.

Sec. 4-8 The developer will contribute to City the cost of installing and removing
any temporary underground or overhead facilities that may be required and of cutting
paved areas. If the developer desires, or cutting of pavement is prohibited,
City will, where practicable, install the underground facilities without cutting
the pavement and the developer will contribute to City the additional cost
of installing the underground facilities under conditions where City's
normal materials and methods of installation cannot be used. Such
additional cost shall apply to all underground facilities installed within the
subdivision even though the underground facilities being installed might not be
used for providing'service within the subdivision. The Developer will be
responsible for patching of all cut pavement.
Sec. 4-9 At developer's request, City may relocate, or place underground,
existing overhead distribution lines within the development. A) If the existing
overhead lines are relocated other than to the nearest front or rear lot lines,
and said relocation physically changes the design of overhead lines,
the developer will contribute to City the installed cost of the new overhead
facilities plus the removal cost less the salvage value of the facilities
being removed. B) If existing overhead lines are placed underground, the
developer will pay the cost difference to place underground vs overhead.
Sec. 4-10 City shall have the right to install overhead lines to locations
designatd by City on the perimeter of the subdivision in order to provide
service to the underground system.
Sec. 4-11 The location of City's transmission lines or right of way easements
of City for existing or future transmission lines shall not be affected by
this Plan or any contract executed thereunder.
Sec. 4-12 The developer will furnish, without cost to City, necessary easements
and right of way and will initially cut and clear same, including removing tree
stumps and other obstructions. The developer will have right of way and streets
graded to within six (6) inches of final grade and will have lot lines established
before construction of the electrical distribution system begins.
1
Sec. 4-13 City's Engineering Department will determine, based on engineering
economics, the type and location of the underground distribution system to be ,
installed in a residential development. If the developer should desire the
underground system located or constructed differently, City will install as
requested upon approval of its Engineering Department, provided the developer
contributes to City the estimated additional cost incurred thereby. Should
any redesign or change in grade level of the development require City to relocate or
abandon any of its installed underground facilities, developer will contribute
to City the additional cost incurred due to such redesign or change. City will
require the developer to contribute the engineering cost of redesigning the
electrical underground system when such redesign results from changes by the
developer in plan for the subdivision. ,
Sec. 4-14 Street lighting service is not provided by this Plan. If the developer
wishes to furnish street lighting service to the development, the developer
may secure same from City by entering into a separate agreement under an appropriate,
City rate schedule providing for underground street lighting service.

In the event that the development is located in, or is within the planning juris-
diction of, or in City's opinion is likely to be annexed in the near future by
a municipality which requests street lighting service for the development under
a street lighting rate schedule requiring from the customer a contribution, the
developer will make arrangements with the municipality that such.contribution
will be paid to the City. If the developer does not conclude other arrangements
with the municipality, the developer will pay said contribution. Any such con-
tribution will be paid.prior to the commencing of installation of the underground
street lighting system.
' Sec..4-15 Service connections will be installed in accordance with City's standard
procedures. The City will not be required to extend its service conductors
' to the end of the house opposite that for which the underground distribution
system is designed and installed.
If the service connection involves only a service lateral and if the person
' requesting installation of the service connection desires that the point of
delivery be located other than as so provided and City agrees, the person
making the request will contribute to City the actual (cost per foot) for each
' foot of service lateral installed beyond the normal point of delivery.
Sec. 4-16 When main or bulk primary distribution feeders are necessary in a new
' residential area where an underground residential distribution system is to be
installed, City will install such main or bulk distribution primary feeders under-
ground rather than overhead provided the developer will contribute to City the
difference between the installed cost of the underground feeders and the estimated
installed cost of the equivalent overhead facilities. If a main or bulk primary
distribution feeder is to be installed in a section of a subdivision presently
served by an underground residential distribution system, City will install that
' part of the bulk feeder located in such section underground without charge to
the developer.
IARTICLE II DIVISION 1 - NON RESIDENTIAL
' The City will provide, under the terms of a General Service Schedule, underground
electric service to non-residential units not previously supplied with electricity,
upon payment to the City of the charge or charges to be determined as
' described below.
Sec. 4-17 The charge for underground service shall be the estimated differential
' in cost between underground and overhead facilities.
Sec. 4-18 Whenever the total estimated cost of facilities to be installed, less
the differential in cost between underground and overhead facilities, exceeds
four times the anticipated annual revenue, such excess estimated cost will be paid
to the City in addition to any payment or payments made for underground service.
' Sec. 4-19 When an individual non-residential customer requests the City to
convert an existing overhead service to underground, such service will be
furnished, provided that the owner or customer pays to the City
' (a) the depreciated original cost of any existing overhead facilities adequate
to serve the load less estimated value of salvage, plus (b) the estimated cost of
removing such overhead facilities, plus (c) the exact cost per foot for the
underground service.
1

DIVISION 2 GENERAL
Sec. 4-20 When, by mutual agreement, the applicant provides trenching and
backfilling or furnishes a meter pedestal approved by the City or when the costs
of trenching and backfilling are shared by another utility, the City's charge
for providing underground service will be reduced by the average reduction in
cost to the City resulting therefrom.
Sec. 4-21 When payments are to be made under this policy, all such payments or
financial arrangements satisfactory to the City shall be made prior to the
installation of any facilities.
Sec. 4-22 Within any development in which underground electric service has been
contracted for pursuant to this Underground Electric Service Policy, electric
service will be provided only underground and pursuant to this Plan.
Sec. 4-23 Any contributions or payments made to the City pursuant to the
provisions hereof will not be refunded.
Sec. 4-24 Where contributions are to be determined from a comparison of estimates
of the costs to furnish service with underground facilities and with overhead
facilities, such estimates will be in accordance with the City's current
construction design practices and shall be based upon the conductor and transformer
capacity required to serve the electric load determined from information furnished
by the owner. Beyond this, estimates shall not vary with or take into
consideration the end usage of electricity or the revenues to be produced from
those persons receiving underground service.
Sec. 4-25 The provisions of Section 25-10 of the City's Code relating to
discontinuance of the supply of electricity for non-payment of past due bills,
shall be applicable to the charges prescribed herein.
Sec. 4-26 When a customer requests a portion of service to be overhead,
solely for the benefit.of our customer to curtail underground fees, that
portion of overhead that solely benefits requesting customer may be
calculated in costs to customer.
I

.1
' CHAPTER 5
TEMPORARY SERVICE POLICY
Sec. 5-1 Charges may be imposed to provide temporary service for construction
sites. The small general service rate will apply for electric usage.
' Sec. 5-2 There will be no charge for temporary service providing the following
guidelines are followed:
' (a) The party requesting temporary service will contact the
Electric Department of construction plans and present a
plot layout. Enough advance notice shall be provided
prior to building the foundation to allow engineering and
construction of permanent electrical facilities. Final
construction of the complex must be guaranteed.
' (b) The temporary service delivery pole must be located within
the following guidelines:
' (1) In an overhead service area - 50 feet of the City's
closest pole.
' (2) In an underground service area - (3) three feet of the
nearest pedestal or pad mount transformer.
' (3) Otherwise - within (5) five feet of the proposed
permanent service location.
' Sec. 5-3 If there are to be charges, they will be determined by calculating
the installed and removed costs less salvage value.

CITY OF WASHINGTON
STREET LIGHT INSTALLATION POLICY
1. Priority consideration for the installation of street lights shall be
given to intersections and high accident locations.
2. Second priority shall be given to lighting the middle of blocks.
3. Street lights will be installed in the middle of blocks only where
the Electric Utilities Department determines that one or more of the
following conditions exist:
a. The block is of such length that the lights at the intersection
do not cast any light on the middle of the block.
b. The radius of curvature on the street is so great that the middle
of the block is dark.
c. Foliage on streets is of such an amount that light at the inter-
secting streets is not visible in the middle of the block.
4. Requests for street lights shall be routed to the Electric Department.
Upon receipt, the Engineering Division will investigate the request,
and if felt to be valid, will submit a sketch to the Electric Director.
The sketch will show the location, existing lights on the street,
length of the block, and the proposed location (s) for additional
light (s). No street lights will be installed without the approval of
the Electric Director.

ELECTRICAL LOAD MANAGEMENT
' SERVICE POLICIES
These policies are established as quidelines to operate the City of
' Washington Electrical Load Management System.
GOAL:
' To establish a Load Management System on the City of Washington
Electrical Distribution System that can be used to reduce the System
Peak Demand. The benefits of which shall be to reduce the operating and
' cost of power to the City whereby the savings shall be passed on to.the Cities
Electrical customers in the form of defrayed fuel expenses and postponed
electric rate increases from postponement of extra generating capacity.
OBJECTIVE:
' To install the maximum number of radio controlled electric switches on
customer appliances. The limits for which shall be determined by the comparison
of the marginal cost for installing a switch compared to the marginal
' savings created by the installation.
' A. CUSTOMER ELIGIBILITY
Any electrical customer of the City of Washington may volunteer his
' appliance for the installation of a radio controlled switch
if said customer's application meets the following criteria:
1. Customer must be an electrical service customer and must have
' an electric water heater and/or central air conditioning unit.
Heat pump units will meet the air conditioning requirements.
' 2. Customer must be owner of the premises at which switches
are to be installed, or must have the permission of the
owner or manager.
' 3. Blanket permission from an owner or manager of multi -family
dwellings must be obtained and be applicable to all residents
who request switch installation.
4. Switches in mobile homes are not recommended and will not be
performed unless:
a. The owner of the mobile residence is the owner of the real
property on which the residence is situated and resides there.
b. The residence has both central air conditioning and a *240-volt
electric water heater having a capacity of 30 gallons or more.
*Dual element and easily accessible (Item #5)

-2-
c. The residence has been secured to a permanent foundation.
S. The appliance is accessible such that a switch can be installed
to operate satisfactorily.
6. The electrical load deferred by switching the appliance yields
savings in excess of the marginal cost of the installation.
7. The customer assures the City that access will be allowed to
to the appliance and the Cities equipment at a time convenient
to the customer, but not exceeding 30 days from the time
of contact.
8. The customer will protect the City's equipment from harm due
to vandalism.
9. That the City will be held free from claim of damages to the
customer's appliance if the appliance shall fail to operate
by way of no fault of the City's.
B. INSTALLATION OF SWITCHES
1. The full cost of equipment installation and maintenance will
be paid by the City. All installations will be performed by
licensed electrical contractors or qualified City employee.
2. Owners of premises at which radio -controlled switches are in
operation may request that the switches be disconnected and
removed. Owners who have exercised the disconnection privilege
may have switches reinstalled only upon payment of a $30-per-
switch reconnection fee.
•3. Installations of radio -controlled switches in residences will
be made in the order in which customer• -volunteer subscription
forms are received; however, priority will be given to customers
with both water heaters and air conditioning units.
4. Where customer has more than one air conditioning unit or
more than one electric water heater, switches shall be
installed on all units.
C. PROPOSED OPERATION
1. Radio -controlled switches will be operated only for the purpose
of effectively managing the electric system's peak load, or
in an emergency situation. Load Management will be accomplished
by interrrupting the flow of electrical current to central air
conditioning units and to water heaters for a limited time
during periods of peak demand.

-3-
' 2. Peak demand periods are estimated to occur only 10 to 15
days per year and last for approximately 4 to 6 hours.
During these peak times, electrical circuits to central
air conditioning compressors and to water heaters will be
interrupted for a period recognizing maximum peak
' reduction and minimum discomfort to participating
customers.
3. The Load Management Program will be conducted in a manner
which results in minimum discomfort to participating
customers.
D. PARTICIPANT'S CREDIT
' 1. For cooperating with the City's Load Management Program, the
City will pay by billing credit. A customer's rebate will be
calculated in the following manner:
' a. Residential and commercial central air -conditioners and
heat pumps: $1.50 per month.
Ib. Residential and commercial hot water heaters: $1.50 per month.
2. In order to be eligible to receive a credit in any of the
four months for which utility bill credits are available,
the customer must have applied for and received switch
installation on or before the last day of the prior month. For
example, a customer makes application on June 5th and for whom
installation is completed on June 30th is eligible to receive
the July credit but not the June credit.
rE. MINIMUM INSTALLATION
The minimum acceptable switching application will be established by
the following criteria:
1. For control of a central air conditioner:
' Minimum compressor rating 10 amps, 240 volts or equivalent
to 2KW.
' 2. For electric hot water heater 4KW unit.

1
North Carolina
Department of Transportation
1990-1996
November 1989

1
I�
1

h.
MAY PROGRAM
=�
BEAUFORT COUNTI
TOTAL
PRIOR WORK TYPE SCHEDULE
ROUTEXITY
ID NO.
LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
EST.
YEARS (FUNDING) FEDERAL FISCAL YEAR
COST
COST EST. COST
(THOU)
(THOU) (THOU) 90 91 92 93 94 95 96
OS 17
R-2510
* WASHINGTON BYPASS. (19.7 MILES) FOUR LANE
80200
P
DIVIDED FREEWAY ON NEW LOCATION.
D
R (F ) 4000
POST YEAR ROW AND CONSTRUCTION-76200
US 17
R-2511
* WASHINGTON BYPASS TO MULTI -LANES SOUTH
16100
P
OF WILLIAMSTON. (6.7 MILES) WIDEN
D
--�
EXISTING ROADWAY TO A MULTI -LANE FACILITY.
POST YEAR ROW AND CONSTRUCTION-17100
US 17
R-2513
NEW BERN BYPASS TO WASHINGTON BYPASS.
41600
P --�
(18.8 MILES) WIDEN EXISTING ROADWAY TO A
-
MULTI -LANE FACILITY.
POST YEAR ROW AND CONSTRUCTION-41600
NC 171
R-2415
US 17 TO US 64. (16.7 MILES) UPGRADE
10100
P
EXISTING ROADWAY.
D
R(S ) 2800
---*
POST YEAR CONSTRUCTION-7300
US 264
R-2021
SR 1501 IN WASHINGTON TO NC 32. (5.3 MILES)
7920
300 P
WIDEN EXISTING ROADWAY TO A MULTI -LANE
D
FACILITY.
R(S ) 420
C (S ) 7200
US 264
R-2601
NC 32 TO NC 99 AT BELHAVEN. (22.8 MILES)
35700
P
WIDEN EXISTING ROADWAY TO MULTI -LANES.
D
R (F ) 4000
POST YEAR CONSTRUCTION-31700
US 264
B-2204
TRANTERS CREEK, TRANTERS CREEK OVERFLOW AND
2108
150 R(FA ) 39 RIGHT OF WAY - FFY90
B-2219
GRINDLE CREEK. REPLACE BRIDGE NO. 1, NO. 91
C(FA ) 1919 CONSTRUCTION - FFY91
B-2220
AND NO. 90
SR 1112
B-1045
BLOUNTS CREEK. REPLACE BRIDGE NO. 9
3448
698 C(S ) 2650 CONSTRUCTION - POST YEAR
PROGRJ,N-61ED FOR FURTHER STUDY
C (D ) 100
SR 1955%
B-2003
DURPAM CREEK. REPLACE BRIDGE NO. 15
647
110 R(NFA) 12 RIGHT OF WAY - FFY90
C(NFA) 525 CONSTRUCTION - FFY90
* INDICATES
INTRASTATE PROJECT
ALL
SCHEDULES SUBJECT TO AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS
m r m m m m m m m m m m i m m m m m

1
L7
11

ARCHAEOLOGICAL, BOTANICAL, AND WILDLIFE SURVEY
PROPOSED 201 WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
WASHLNGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
ADDENDUM
Prepared by
Earth Systems Division
Soil Systems, Inc.
525 Webb Industrial Drive
Marietta, GA 30062
X'�
F
Fran: A. Gheesling, Jr.
Director, Special Projects
G. Mich: of Watson
Survey Archaeologist
David Ettman
Survey Biologist

Page 8
CIiAPTER II. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL
,
SURVEY
An archaeological survey was conducted in order to ascertain
what cultural resources, if any, would be impacted by the
corridors. As in the. botanical survey, the archaeological
survey was divided into two segments, A and B (Figure 1).
Segment A'is located northeast of Washington, and.includes
a five acre (2.0 hectare) treatment facility; three one -acre
-(.2 hectare) pump station sites, and approximately five
miles (3.1 kilometers) of proposed sewer corridor. The
,
proposed corridors are located primarily along Cherry Run,
U.S. Highway 264, U.S. Highway 17, and the Airport Canal.
Segment B is located west of the town and consists of five,
bne-half acre (.2 hectare) pump station sites and approxi-
'
mately 4.5 miles (2.8 kilometers) of proposed sewer line
corridor. Most of the corridor follows Snode Creek; short
segments, however, are in Kingswood Subdivision, Mac's Woods
'
Subdivision, North Shores Subdivision, and along the Norfolk
Southern Railroad right-of-way.
The
survey methodologies employed in this survey included
pedestrian survey techniques, periodic subsurface shovel
cuts, and visual inspection of soil profiles on applicable
portions of the survey. Plowed fields, eroded areas and
,
brush clearing aided the visual survey. More intense visual
inspection, and subsurface testing were done in those areas
having a higher probability of prehistoric site location.
,
These survey techniques indicated that no buried or exposed
archaeological sites exist within the corridors.
A marked grave
and possibly two unmarked graves were located
in this survey (Figure 1), found in a wooded area between
Snode Creek and a plowed field. The name on the gravestone
is Florence Little, who died in 1929. The two possible
,
unmarked graves appear as elongated soil depressions near
the soil depression marked by the gravestone. There were no
other cultural indications in the immediate vicinity of this
probable family cemetery. The cemetery is located near the
easement and should be avoided during construction.
The absence
of prehistoric sites is probably due to a com-
bination of recent land development in and around the City
of Washington, and the unfavorable topographic nature of the
corridor in terms of prehistoric site placement. Those
,
areas of the survey which would have been desirable to pre-

Page 9
0
historic peoples likewise are desirable for occupation
today, and, as a result, those areas in the corridor which
are well -drained have been greatly modified by urban develop-
ment and by agriculture. Poorly drained and swampy areas
were generally avoided by prehistoric peoples, as are such
areas today. Since no prehistoric or historic sites were
located in the survey and records search, archaeological
clearance is therefore recommended for the Washington 201
Facilities.

Page 10
CHAPTER III. THE BOTANICAL AND WILDLIFE SURVLI_ I
The objective of this study was to provide William F. Freeman,
Associates with a botanical
i
and wildlife survey suitable to
meet Federal and State regulations. The
survey was conducted
in three phases. First, aerial photographs were examined
for
familiarization with the study area.. Secondly, site
traverses
were incorporated to ground truth the aerial
photographs and to compile data for
partial botanical and
wildlife inventories. A comphrensive'literature
,
search was
then utilized as.a supplement to the previous phases.
This survey is divided into two segments, A and B (Figure 1)
to facilitate the field
,
survey and subsequent report prepara
rtion.
Segment A is located northeast of Washington.
This segment
includes a five acre (2.0 hectare) treatment facility,
three, one half acre (.2 hectare) pump station sites and
approximately five miles (3.1
kilometers) of proposed sewer
corridor. The proposed corridors are located primarily
along Cherry Run, U.S. Highway 264, U.S. Highway 17 and the
Airport Canal.
'
Segment B is located east of town and consists
of five, one half acre (.2 hectare)
pump station sites and
approximately 4.5 miles (2.8 kilometers) of
'
proposed sewer
line corridor. The majority of the corridor follows Snode
Creek, however short segments are located in Kingswood
Subdivision, Mac's Woods
Subdivision, North Shores Sub-
division and along the Norfolk Southern Railroad right-
,
of-way.
The survey data in this report are presented in both graphic '
and narrative form. The major vegetative types are mapped
and presented in Figure 2. Four vegetative types; alluvial
hardwood, pine, agricultural and residential were identified '
during the survey. A description of these types with representa-
tive and/or indicator species is presented below. The
description also includes suitability to wildlife with ,
respect to food and cover. Representative wildlife species
are included in the description of each site.
AH Alluvial Hardwood : This Forest type is situated in the , floodplains of Cherry Run, Snode Creek, Runyon Creek, and
several small umnamed tributaries of these streams. The
canopy consists of River Birch, Water Tupelo, Red Maple, ,
Swamp Chestnut, and Water Oaks, Baldcypress, and Sycamore.

XI
ATM
Botanical Type Map
Washington 201 Facility Plan
Washington, N.C.
A Cherry Run
A
AH A AH A AH A
II A R `:%
I\ A i AH A '
7 � .
A
k A
Pamlico
'WhsN\ng ton
Dort
Herring Run
i zx/
N
0 3000 6000'
0
LEGEND
A
Agriculture
AH
Alluvial Hardwoods
P
Pine
R
Residential
C
Commercial
®
Pump Station Site
Biological Site
`
Survey Corridor
School
®
Hamilton Beach Plant
R�& Norfolk Southern RR
Ali/
9, A
i�AH '9a

F
1
Page 11
'
understory
The consists of Waxmyrtle, Poison Ivy, Bamboo -
vine, Catbrier, Greenbrier, Horsesugar, and Sweetbay. The
ground cover includes Leucothoe, Partridge Berry, Cane,
'
Christmas Fern and Chain Fern.
'
Where a water course flows through agricultural land the
stream banks are often lined with a dense tangle of Tag
Alder, River.Birch, Privet, Winged Sumac, Blackberry, and
Greenbrier.
'
Alluvial hardwoods provide excellent habitat for variety of
animals. Medium sized mammals such as Raccoons and Opossums
are generally.abundant. Alluvial hardwood also provide
'
excellent habitat for a variety of reptiles and amphibians.
Snakes of the genus natrix are common as are snapping turtles.
Amphibians of the Genera Rana and Hyla are especially well
'
represented in this type.. The most noticeable birds include
the Wood Duck, Pileated Woodpecker and Redbellied Woodpecker.
'
P-Pine: The type includes both natural and planted pine
forests. The major species in the Washington area include
Loblolly, Longleaf, and Slash Pines. In older stands Sweetyum
may become a major member of the canopy. The understory and
'
ground cover varies depending upon light availability.
Stands with a closed canopy often have very little under -
story, while open stands may have a large variety of under -
story and ground cover associates. Blackberry, Winged
Sumac, Spleenwort, and hardwood regeneration are common
members of this community.
'
Pines, as a general rule, provide poor habitat for wildlife.
Mourning Doves often roost in pines and several other animals
often use pine forest for escape cover. Squirrels utilize
'
pine cones as a seasonal food source.
'
A-Agrir ltu: The primary agricultural crops observed
during the survey were corn and soybeans. Tobacco is also
an important crop in this area. This type also includes
active pasture land. Agricultural land is usually associatet-1
'
with a variety of noxious invader species. These plants
include -Cocklebur, Dogfennel, Beggar's Lice, Broomsedge,
Rabbit Tobacco, and Sicklepod.

Page 12
11
Agricultural land provides
variety of animals, however
tained nearby for this reso
important game animals such
frequently encountered on t
land. American Kestrels ar
vegetation type..
excellent food resources for a
sufficient cover must be main-
urce to be utilized. Many of the
as Rabbits, Doves, and Quail are
he periphery of agricultural
e frequently encountered in this
R-Residential: The canopy in this type is comprised of
ornamental and specimen trees, which are usually well spaced.
Loblolly Pine and Live Oak, were common specimen trees.
With species such as Lombardy Poplar and Weeping Willow
being the most noticeable ornamental species. The under -
story is generally composed of ornamental Hollies or other
broad Leafed Evergreens. The ground cover is a mixture of
lawn grasses and cultivated flowers.
Residential areas provided excellent habitat for a variety
of songbirds. Cardinals, Towhees, Tanagers, Mockingbirds,
Brown Thrashers and White -Throated Sparrows are al] common
inhabitants of this type.
Segment A.
The Cherry Run portion of this segment
as a narrow band of alluvial hardwoods,
bordered by agricultural land. Oaks an
primary canopy species with Leucohoe an
dominant ground cover. The portion of
just east of U.S. 17 supports several 1
DBH). The leaves of Chinquopin Oaks we
along Cherry Run. The proposed Pump St
Cherry Run just west of U.S. 17 is situ
vegetation.
can best be described
(figure 2) primarily
d cypress are the
d cane being the
the Cherry Run Survey,
arge Beech Trees (1 24
re also observed
ation, situated on
ated in a similar
The proposed corridor along U.S. 17 transects a mixture of
residential and agricultural areas. The proposed gravity
feed sewer line from the Hamilton Beech Plant to its con-
fluence with the U.S. 17 gravity feed follows a small
unnamed tributary. This section is entirely with agri-
cultural land. From this point a gravity feed will follow
Whispering Pines Road to the intersection of the line that
will follow an unnamed tributary (Airport Canal) of Cherry
Run to Mason's Mill (Figure 2). This line originates on
U.S. 17 across the highway from West 15th Street. This

Paqe 13
entire system, including a short section originating near
the Kentucky Fried Chicken establishment, crosses a mixture
of agricultural and residental land. The tributaries are
generally bordered by a thicket of Chinaberry, Privet and
Greenbrier. A large number of birds including Flickers, Red-
wing, Blackbirds, Mockingbirds, Bluejays, Tanagers, Kestrels,
Quail, and Doves, were observed near (3 Figure 2).
The Force main located between the pump station at the U.S.
Highway 264 and Cherry Run Bridge (Mason's Mill) is within
the right-of-way and situated in a commercial district. The
pump station is to be located west of the Creek in a residential
area. The proposed gravity feed originating near the John
Cotton Taylor School, intersects the U.S. 264 force"main at
the intersection of U.S. 264 and Whispering Pines Road.
This area can best be described as agricultural. The treat-
ment facility expansion is located at the site of the abandoned
sanitary landfill adjacent to the existing pump station off
West 2nd Street. The vegetation located in this area is
typical of abandoned waste land. Chinaberyy, Broomsedge,
Dogfennel, Privet, and Blackberry were all common. The
Tarheel pump station is located on Tarhill Drive near the
Pamlico River. This area is entirely residential.
Segment B
The majority of this segment is situated along Snode Creek
and its tributaries. This section originates on U.S. 264
east of town (Figure 2). From U.S. 264 to Brick Kiln Road,
Snode Creek meanders through agricultural and residental
land. The creek is generally bordered by wetland plants
such as, Cypress, Water Oak, Privet,, Tag Alder, and Sycamore.
However, this border is generally very narrow.
A short gravity feed from the Sherwood Forest subdivision on
U. S. 264 section intercepts the Snode Creek line as well as
a short gravity feed which parallels the Norfork Southern
Railroad. The proposed Norfolk Southern Pump station is
located at the head of this gravity feed in a small woodlot.
A large number of Kestrels were observed in this area,
apparently hunting over the recently harvest agricultural
land. The remainder of the Snode Creek section is lcoated
between River Street and'the Norfok Southern Railroad. This
area is Cypress Swamp bordering the back yards of River
Street residents. This corridor terminates just inside

Page 14
t
Washington, at Jacks Park. A pump station is proposed on
!
the banks of the Pamlico River at Washington Park. This
area is a well kept park with a canopy of. Cypress and Water
Oak. There are also three other pump stations and four
short gravity feeds located in Segment B. The first is
located in the North Shores Subdivision and consisting of
one pump station and short gravity feed. This area is
entirely residential. The Honey Pod pump station is located
t
in a soybean field adjacent to the subdivison. The Final
Pump Station Site is located in Mac's Woods Subdivision.
Key 4 Figure 2. This subdivision is situtated on Herring
'
Run a tributary of Runyon Creek. The Pump Station is located
adjacent to two.small ponds which are located adjacent to
the Run. The gravity feeds will service the subdivison.
The final section of Segment B is located on Crown Drive in
'
Kingswood Subdivision. Key 5 (Figure 2). A residential
-area is located north of crown Drive and a Corn field to
the south.
The location of Washington places it within the Atlantic
Flyway for migrating waterfowl. As a result most waterways
,
and ponds can be expected to harbor either wintering or
transient waterflow during the winter and spring months.
Mallards and Scaup were observed along several area's of
the survey. Although wetlands are not in short supply in
this
,
area, these areas should be protected from siltation
during construction.
Several species of animals currently
listed on the Federal list
of protected species may occas-
ionally be observed in the Washington area, however most
of these would be of a transient nature (Bachman's Warbler,
Kirtland's Warbler, Brown Pelican and Peregrine Falcon) and
would not be affected by construction of this project.
Species that could be permanent residents in the area were
not observed (Manatee, Cougar,
Red -Cockaded Woodpecker, Bald
Eagle, Ivory -billed. Woodpecker and American Alligator).
,
Further, it is felt that the land to be impacted by this
project does not provide suitable habitat for any of these
species. The major limiting factors being lack of areal
extent of suitable habitat and proximity to mand and current
land
use patters.
'
Several areas within and adjacent to the survey were con-
sidered excellent habitat for
a variety of vertebrates.
However, due to the extensive area of similar habitat
,
surrounding them, the existence of these animals is not
threatened.

Page 15
0
Siltation from construction activities will be a potential
hazard to fish populations, however, proper design near water-
ways will reduce this adverse impact.
As with all construction activities vegetation and wildlife
habitat will be lost or altered. Further addition of public
services such as sewerline construction will accelerate
additional development within an area. Although vegetation
removal is the result of construction, the assessment and
extent of further development is beyond the scope of this
survey.

11
APPENDIX I
BOTANICAL INVENTORY
Washington,
North Carolina
Scientific Name
Common Name
Acer rubrum
Red Maple
Alnus serrulata
Andropogon virginicus
Tag Alder
Broomsedge
Anisostichus capreolata
Cross -vine
Arundinaria tecta
Cane
Asplenium platyneuron
Brownstem Spleenwort
Aster spp.
Aster
Baccharis halimifolia
Groundsel Tree
Betula ni ra
River Birch
Callicarpa americana
Beauty Berry
'
Campsis radicans
Trumpet Creeper
Carya illinoensis
Pecan
Cassia obtusifolia
Sicklepod
'
Catalpa spp.
Catalpa
Cornus florida
Dogwood
Cynodon dactylon
Bermuda Grass
'
Desmodium spp.
Beggar's Lice
Eupatorium capillifolium
Dogfennel
Fagus grandifolia
Beech
Fragaria virginiana
Strawberry
,
Galax apylla
Galax
Gledit'hsia tritriacanthos
Glycine max
Honey Locust
Soybean
Gnaphalium obtusifolium
Rabbit Tobacco
Hexast— y s spp.
Heart -leaf
Ilex cassine
Dahoon
Ilex lg abra
Gallberry
Ilex opaca
American Holly
Juncus spp.
Rush
Juniperus virginiana
Eastern Redcedar
'
Lagerstroemia indica
Crepe Myrtle
Leucothoe axillaris
Ligustrum spp.
Leucothoe
Privet
,
Liquidambar styraciflua
Sweetgum
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip -Poplar
Lonicera japonica •
Japanese Honeysuckle
'
Magnolia granditlora
Bullbay
Magnolia virginiana
Sweetbay

' Page 2
'
Scientific Name
Common Name
Melia azedarach
Chinaberry
'
Mitchella repeenns
ri Myca cerifera
Partridge Berry
Wax Myrtle
Myriophyllum brasiliense
Parrot -feather
Nicotiana tabacum
Tobacco
Nyssa aquatica
Water Tupelo
Phytolacca americana
Poke
Pinus palustris
Lony-leaf Pine
1
Pinus taeda
Loblolly Pine
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore
Polystichum acrostichoides
Christmas Fern
Populus nigra
Lombardy Poplar
'
Prunus americana
Wild Plum,
Prunus angustifolia
Chickasaw Plum
Quercus alba
White Oak
Quercus coccinea
Scarlet Oak
Quercus falcata
Southern Red Oak
Quercus marilandica
Blackjack Oak
Quercus michauxii
Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus muehlenbergii
Chinquapin Oak
Quercus nigra
'rubra
Water Oak
1,3orthern
Quercus
Red Oak
'
Quercus stelli to
Post Oak
Quercus velutin_a
Black Oak
Quercus virginiana
Rhus copallina
Live Oak
Winged Sumac
Rhus radicans
Poison Ivy
Rosa caroling
Wild Rose
Rubus spp.
Blackberry
Salix babylonica
Weeping Willow
Salix nigra
Willow
Setaria spp.
Foxtail Grass
'
Smilax bona-nox
Catbrier
Smilax lauriif is
Bamboo -vine
Sm- rlax rotundifolia
Greenbrier
Solidago altissima
Goldenrod
Symplocos tinctoria
horse Sugar
Taxodium distichum
Daldcypress
Tillandsia usneoides
Spanish Moss
'
Tipularia discolor
Crane Fly Orchid
Typha latifolia
Cattail
Vitis rotundifolia
Grape
Woodwardia areolata
Southern Chain Fern
Xanthium strumarium
Cocklebur
Zea mays
Corn

li
APPENDIX
WILDLIFE INVENTORY
Washington, North Carolina
REPTILIA (Reptiles)
TESTUDINATA
Chelydridae
Chelydra serpentina
Testudinidae
Terrapene carolina
SQUAMOTA
Solubridae
Natrix erythrogaster
AVES (Birds)
CICONIIFORMES
Ardeidae
Ardea herodias
ANSERIFORMES
Anatidae
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas strepera
Mareca americana
A th a affinis
FALCONIFORMES
Accipitridae
Buteo jamaicensis
I
Snapping Turtle
Common
1
Box Turtle
Common'
Red -bellied Water Snake
Common
Great Blue Herzon
Uncomml
1
Mallard
Commonmm,
Gadwall
Unco
Baldpate
Uncommo:
Lesser Scaup
Common'
Red-tailed Hawk
Uncommor

Page 2
9
Falconidae
Falco sparverius
Sparrow Hawk
Common
GALLIFORMES
Phasianidae
Colinus virginianus
Quail
Common
GRUIFORMES
Rallidae
Fulica americana
Coot
Common
CHARADRIIFORMES
Laridae
Larus argentatus
Herring Gull
Common
Larus delawarensis
Ring -billed Gull
Common
Sterna hirundo
Common Tern
Common
COLUMBIFORMES
Columbidae
Zenaida macroura
Mourning Dove
Common
PICIFORMES
Picidae
Colaptes auratu
Common Flicker
Common
PASSERIFORMES
Corvidae
_Cyanocitta cristata
Blue Jay
Common
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Common Crow
Common
Mimidae
Mimus polyglottos
Mockingbird
Common
Toxostoma rufum
Brown Thrasher
Uncommor

Page 3
I
Turdidae
Catharus guttata
Hermit Thrush
Sturnidae
.Sturnus vulgaris
Starling
Icteridae
Agelaius phoeniceus
Red -winged Blackbird
Thraupidae
Piranga rubra
Summer Tanager
Fringillidae
Richmondia cardinalis
Cardinal
Zonotrichia albicollis
White -throated Sparrow
MAMMALIA (Mammals)
MARSUPIALIA
Didelphidae
Didelphis marsupialis
Opossum
LAGOMORPHA
Leporidae
Sylvilagus floridanus
Cottontail Rabbit
RODENTIA
Sciuridae
Sciurus carolinensis
Gray Squirrel
Cricetidae
Ondatra zibethica
Muskrat

Page 4
CARNIVORA
Procyonidae
Procyon lotor
ARTIODACTYLA
Cervidae
Odocoileus virginianus
Raccoon
White-tailed beer
0
Common
Uncommc

m m m m m m m imm m m m m m m m m m m

' LAND USE PLANNING IN COASTAL COUNTIES
This is the first in a series of articles about CAMA Land Use Plans. The text
has largely been
prepared from brochures and other publications put out by the Division of Coastal Management. A
' Bibliography is available upon request.
'
It pays for a community to plan for its growth, because change happens whether we plan for
it or not. Planning can conserve valuable resources, such as productive farmlands, fresh water
supplies, and historic sites. Planning can also save tax dollars by guiding the budget toward
future public needs. The City of Washington is just beginning its 1990 Land Use Plan Update.
'
The Update is required every five years for coastal locations in North Carolina.
The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (CAMA) established a cooperative program of
land use planning between local governments in the coastal area and the State. Each of the
twenty
'
coastal counties and their municipalities may prepare land use plans to guide community
growth and use of local land and water resources. The State provides guidelines for the land use
planning process and often helps fund the effort. Once plans are in place, the State uses them
'
when considering permit requests for development in the coastal region. In fact, no development
permit may be issued if the proposed development is inconsistent with local land use plans.
There are basically three steps in preparing a land use plan: (1) looking at what exists; (2)
making choices about use of resources; and (3) carrying out the plan.
'
The City of Washington has hired the Mid -East Commission to prepare the 1990 Land Use
Plan. Working with the Planning and Zoning Board, Mid -East Planning Director Connie Price and
Planner Jane Daughtridge will lead public discussions to review land use issues and re-examine
'
current policy statements to be sure they meet the City's needs.
Updating present uses of land will also be part of the effort. It is important to know how
many people live in the City's jurisdiction, where they live, and where they work. Decisions about
public facilities such as roads, water and sewer systems, schools, public housing, etc., depend on
'
this information. A map showing existing land uses helps identify problems which may already have
occurred because of the way land has been developed. It also helps identify land use patterns
and trends over time when compared to past maps.
Constraints
'
on development are conditions which exist either in nature or by man's actions
which limit the usefulness of land. For example, low-lying areas along streams are subject to
flooding. In an area where adequate drainage is not possible, development should be kept to a
minimum --not because the building inspector doesn't want to issue a permit to someone, but
because property losses increase when development is allowed in those areas. Other constraints
may involve incompatible uses. A loud or noxious industry placed next to a school or residential
area would be inappropriate. Development constraints are a part of existing conditions. They must
'
be considered when planning for the future.
The existing Land Use Plan and current development policies in the City of Washington will
be examined to determine what type of development is being encouraged at the present time.
County facilities
'
(water, sewer, schools, recreation, etc.) must also be examined to determine if they
can handle existing needs as well as anticipated growth.
I
The next article will look at Step 2: Making Choices.
Ll

LAND USE PLANNING: '
MAKING CHOICES
This article is the second in a series about CAMA Land Use Plans. The information has been largely
compiled from brochures and publications of the Division of Coastal Management. A Bibliography is '
available upon request.
The second step in preparing a land use plan involves making choices about the use of an
,
area's resources. After collecting and analyzing the information which describes the existing
situation, a local government must look toward the future. 'How will the city grow?' 'What do
we want "What
our city to become?" will be the impact of growth on our services and emergency
'
systems?' These are questions to be considered when government makes the choices that will
guide growth.
Land Use Plans describe the choices local government will make regarding the type of
'
development it will encourage (residential, industrial, commercial), the density and patterns of
development, and the methods for providing beach or water access to the public. Additionally the
Coastal Area Management Act guidelines require municipal plans to establish policies on: (1)
protection of local natural resources; (2) economically productive areas, such as farms, forests,
'
fisheries, and tourist areas; (3) desired types of economic and community development, including
densities and locations for growth; and (4) public participation in the ongoing planning process.
Such decisions are important to the coastal region because each coastal location has an impact
'
on the rivers, sounds, and ocean beaches in our State. Agricultural and municipal runoff,
produced when rain washes pesticides, soil, or road grime into streams and rivers, is a major
cause of pollution. This pollution can disrupt fish nursery areas, reduce commercial catches, and
cause hardship to coastal fisherman. It can also lead to fish kills which impact not only
,
commercial fishermen but also recreational users of the rivers and sounds. Therefore, ocean
counties depend on river counties and their localities to be responsible users of the waterways
upstream. Policies are also important for the city to consider because they affect the total 'natural
,
wealth' or "natural potential' the city has to offer its citizens. This is especially important because
these resources are limited and as more people populate an area, the resources are used up
faster.
,
To help identify how policies will affect certain areas and to help guide growth toward suitable
areas, a land classification map is prepared as part of the plan. The classification map identifies
which areas are already developed, which areas the city will encourage to develop, and which
areas should be left in their natural or present state. This map is a tool to help implement the
,
city's policies, but it is not a strict regulatory device. It is something like a picture of the ideal
future condition from the city's present point of view.
Once choices are made about what the city wants to do and where it wants to do it, ideas
,
for making the plan happen begin to take shape.
I
The next article will look at Step 3: Carrying Out the Plan.

LAND USE PLANNING:
CARRYING OUT THE PLAN
'
This .is the third article in a series on CAMA Land Use Plans. The information has been compiled
largely from brochures
and other published materials from the Division of Coastal Management. A
Bibliography is available upon request.
The third step in preparing a land use plan is carrying out the plan. The document can only
guide growth if it is used by local government on a continuing basis. There are several ways this
can be done. Regulations can be adopted such as zoning, subdivision regulations, mobile home
ordinances, and so on to enforce the policies outlined in the plan. Public land purchases for
facilities such as schools and parks could be based on the plan. Plans and budgets to direct the
'
expansion of public facilities might also be based on the land use plan. Most important, however,
the day-to-day management of local government must take into account the land use plan's
policies. By spelling out how the city wishes to grow, the land use plan helps assure the best
'
use of tax dollars. For example, some cities have become interested in preserving open spaces
for the recreational use and overall health of their citizens. If the Land Use Plan identified this as
an important issue and developed a policy to preserve open spaces, then the city might implement
this policy by using tax dollars to prepare a'Greenways Plan' to establish sites for public use and
'
to protect existing open spaces from future development. Since tax dollars are limited, but needs
and wants are great, it is logical to spend money on projects that will benefit a wide range of
citizens and that are considered important by a majority of the people.
'
Land use planning is the most important function which county and local governments
undertake. It is also the most difficult because of pressures brought upon elected officials by the
people either promoting or opposing development. The long-term impacts of development affect
the city long after elected officials leave their positions, but the immediate lure in a depressed
'
area to allow any kind of development, anytime, can be very tempting. The city may reap short-
term benefits in such cases but bear long-term costs when haphazard development is allowed.
So it takes not only the appropriate regulatory tools to implement land use plans but also the
'
courage to support and enforce them.
I

BIBLIOGRAPHY ,
LAND USE PLANNING ARTICLES I
BROCHURES I
'What You Need To Know About Land Use Planning.' Office of Coastal Management, North
Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (now, Environment, Health,
,
and Natural Resources), Raleigh, NC. NOAA Grant #NA79-AA-D-CZ128
'North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve.' Division of Coastal Management, North
'
Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC., 1989. NOAA
Grant.
'National Estuarine Reserve Research System: WHERE RIVERS MEET THE SEA.' Marine and
Estuarine Management Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, NOS/NOAA,
Washington, DC, February 1989.
'
PERIODICALS
The CAMA Quarterly. Division
,
of Coastal Management, North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development (now, Environment, Health, and Natural Resources),
Raleigh, NC. Winter, 1989.. (ISSN 0898-803X).
BOOKLETS
Striking A Balance:
'
Reflections on Ten Years of Managing the North Carolina Coast. Division of
Coastal Management, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development (now, Environment, Health, and Natural Resources), Raleigh, NC, 1985.
,
A Guide To Protecting Coastal Waters Through Local Planning. Division of Coastal Management,
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (now, Environment,
Health,
and Natural Resources), Raleigh, NC, 1986 (reprinted 1988).
'
A Guide To Protecting Coastal Resources Through the CAMA Permit Program. Division of Coastal
Management, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (now,
'
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources), Raleigh, NC, 1988.
OTHER SOURCES ,
'Uses of the CAMA Land Use Plans,' Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development Land Use Plan Workshop handout, Washington, NC, October, 1989. '
Costania, Daughtridge, DeMaggio, Schmidt, 'Coastal Area Management Act,` East Carolina
University Term Paper - Planning 3011, Dr. Wubneh, Greenville, NC, June, 1987. ,
JD/ja 1/2/90
�

Washington and Aurora to update
mandatory
land use plans in 1990
Ily1
St IIetty ray
Soft Wrlr
through,' she said.
The Coastal Area Management
ageg
will lead discussions with the
Washing -ton Planning and Zoning
g
Washi gton and Aurora will look
Act of 1974 established a coopers-
tive program nationwide of] and use
Board end Auroraofficals to review
current policy statements to be sure
into the future over the next trine
planning between local govern-
they meet the city's needs.
months Js they update their land
use
ments in the coastal areas and the
Alanduseplan issimilar todraw-
seta
But n the hardest part of
states.
That law recognized that local
ing a picture of where local govern -
ments are and where they want to
plannin is ge local govern-
ments theft plank edew
on
communities along the coast had an*
vironmental responsibilities beyond
be, while protecting environmen-
tally sensitive stsas, Ma. Dauot-
loped, Jana Domght#dgs, PLO-
nor wit a Mid•E*etaa Cmissl4u.
their borders.
North Carolina approved its ver•
ridge said.
The nats pnovIdse guiijsliner for
'it's cult tt to
the Ian tf� l �d
us ts;.�of
sion.of Area Mares.
menrAct in 1976. PAch &the, go
land use planning and, along with
moray 'stow the float govern:
On tools t4 haw
ca=0osgaverAedby) /t
M 7tlgtrirld' to
tnerit,'heipa'pq for 4he si'f &
• 14Ad wo'
moos to " their.�yoonntt��,' she
fiy�r�pylaYx}-ttesftwjth
preparb Aod'Ittpdnb
land use plans to guide conitlunity
PowthmidunaloeallandaYidiva•
plats wares originally
tnund4 trcoonties, bawthrough
+.�itistt'ltattfaedthe>r#>3idaon
as��tir�
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Fore le; �Pashingtoo iden$-
tar 'resource'. •�. •a''':•
The City of Wdshington xhd tits
natural r'eaatn'Cea'1:eT1 #uet'Aa iln• )I
"talit, his. Daughtnsaid
fled de thee$
as a
n
'TownefAutorahavbI&Wthe Mid-
• �t Camnil iloa , i� updatl
+ "It's jnst good' bnsinaWle.to plan,!,:
ti»' said, .. _ • .< • . a,^, ,
and P
laced use plena as rett'iimd evWffoe
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WAUMNLFINJ14 1JA1Lr 14ZVV,, A&UNPAY,TJ_ U,%mr 1D, 1VW
Land [ Use From Page 1
ingperalitrequestsfor development
they work because public services
ture or by man's actions which limit
would be inappropriate. Develop-
ing areas faced mass destructionfol=
in the coastal -region.
such as roads, water and sewer sys.
the usefulness ofland. For example,
ment constraints are a part of exist-
]owing Hurricane Hugo. Washing-
Thereazebeaicallythzeestepsin
publicng
tems,schoolsandhouside-
Pend on this information, she said.
m
low-lying areas along streams are
subject toflooding. Inanarea where
ingconditions.Theymustbeconsid-
erect when planning for the future.
ton andAurora'slanduseplanswill
include ways to deal with such adia•
preparingalanduseplan—looking
at what exists, malting choices ab-
Amap showing existing land uses
helps which may
pocccurred
adequate drainage is not possible,
ment should kept to a mi-
emum
The existing land use plan and
current development policies in
aster here, she said.
eacloland
out the plan, s.Dau andcarryingsaid.
out the plan, Ms. Daughtridge said:
already have because of
the way land has been developed. It
moblems
not because the building in-
Spector doesn't want to issue a per-
two towns will be examined todeter.
mine what type of development is
� 1probablyta selo ksapwaa-
ter quality. 'Water quality wasn't
Updating present uses of land
also helps identify land use patterns
mit to someone, but because prop-
being encouraged.
identified as an issue in the 1985
will also be part oftheeffort-Forex-
and trends over time when com-
erty losses increase when
After new regulations governing
land use plan, but now it's a hot
ample, it's important to know how
pared to past maps, she said.
development is allowed in those
land use plans were approved last
topic,' she said.
many people live in the city's jurisd-
Constraints on development are
areas. Other constraints may in-
year by the state, storm hazard and
Beaufort County is also required
iction, where they live and where
conditions which exist either in na-
volve incompatible uses.
emergency preparations will be em-
to formulate a land use plan. The
Aloud or noxious industry placed
phasized in this year's plan.
county plan is not due for an update
next to u school or residential area
Charleston, S.C. and surround-
this year.

I
WASHINGTON DAILy NEWS, SATURDAY
, MARCH 17, 1990 _
Land use to set plan -directions
for Washington's suture growth
By Betty Gray
Staff Writer
How will Washington grow?
What do we want our city to
become?
What will be the effect of growt
h
concern," said Price, a planner for
Mid -East.
And the degree of concern by the
planning board will be determined
to a great extent by citizens' con-
cerns, Ms. Daughtridge said.
Under the Coastal Area Manage-
ment Act, 20 counties in the state's
coastal zone — including Beaufort
County— are required to have such
plans and update them every five
years. Land Use Plans for towns
within that zone are optional.
During the next six months,
Washington will update its plan,
last prepared in 1985.
Land use plans describe the
choices local governments make on
such issues as the type of develop-
ment it will encourage — residen-
tial, industrial or commercial —and
the density and, patterns of that
See PLAN, Page 5
------------
Plan From Page 1
development.
Such decisions are important to
_
buffer zones with vegetation to ab-
sorb rain as it falls,
the coastal region, Mrs. Daught-
ridge said, because
she said.
Or, to encourage landowners to
actions of each
coastal community can affect the
keep undeveloped land vacant, the
planning board could recommend
state's rivers, sounds and ocean
beaches.
a
reduced tax on that land, Ms.
For example, the Washington
Planning Board could establish
Daughtridge said.
To help identify how policies will
wa-
ter quality protection in the
Pamlico
affect certain areas and to help
guide growth toward suitable areas,
-Tar River as one of its
policies.
a land classification map is pre -
Washington can address such a
pared as part of the plan, Ms.
Daughtridge said.
Policy in several ways through the
land use plan, Mrs. Daughtridge
The classification map identifies
which areas are
said.
For example, urban runoff, pro-
already developed,
which areas the city will encourage
to develop and which
duced when rain washes pesticides,
areas should
be left in their natural or
soil or road grime into streams and
present
state.
rivers, can disrupt fish nursery
areas, reduce commercial catches
"The map is a tool to help imple-
menttbecity's Policies, butitisnota
and cause hardship to coastal
fishermen. It can lead to fish kills
strict regulatory device," she said.
"It is something like a
which affect not only commercial
fishermen but also recreational
picture of the
ideal future condition from the city's
us-
ers of rivers and sounds.
present point of view."
"Once choices
To reduce such runoff, the
are made about
What the city wants to do and where
plan-
ningboardcoulddesignate areasar•
ound developed sections of towns
it wants to do it, ideas for making
the plan happen begin to take
_ as
shape, she said.
1
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1
1
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F,

IINGTON D-wAI]LY iNEWS
The Voice of the Pamlico
:S WASHINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA, TUESDAY AFTERNOON, APRIL 3, 1990
in
Environmental
concerns top_
survey in city
By Betty Gray
Staff Writer
The environment seems to have
replaced economic development as
the top concern of Washington area
residents, according to preliminary
results ofa public opinion survey re-
leased last night.
Environmental issues — conta.
mination of the city's drinking wa-
ter, pollution of the Pamlico River,
recycling and wetlands conserva-
tion — were considered the most im-
portant by residents responding to a
survey in March, accci ding to Jane
Daughtridge, planner for the Mid -
East Commission.
The effect of utility rates on deve-
lopment topped the remainder of
the list at fifth.
A similar survey made in 1985
showed economic concerns — re-
cruiting industry, paving toads and
expanding the sewer system — of
most interest to people living in the
city. For that survey, only two envir-
onmental issues, pollution of the
Pamlico River by industry and in-
adequate storm drainage, were in
the top five. Conservation of wet-
lands and improved solid waste
management were last on that
22-item list.
Mrs. Daughtridge presented pre-
liminary results from last month's
See CITY, Back Page
City From Page 1
:.
survey at a meeting last night of the
fect of utility rates on development,
opinion survey is one way the city it
Washington Planning and Zoning
fifth, Isoliciting
opinions as it develops the
Board in city hall.
In 1985, expansion of the sewage
updated plan. ,: '
Board Chairman Doug Mercer
system ranked first; inadequate
In other business, the board. ," j
said last night he is 'surprised by
storm drainage, second; pollution of
— Voted to recommend rezon.
the results.'
the Pamlico River by industry,
Ingoftwolots onthe east side of, t
For the survey, a 22-part ques-
third; upgrading or expanding city
Bridge Street between West
tionnaire was distributed to city re-
roads, fourth; and expansion and re.
Main and West Second streets;
sidents and people living in the
cruitment of industry, fifth.
from B-Highway to B-2, a business,, .
city's extraterritorial. zoning dis.
The apparent shift in public opin-
district designation. The lots --1031
trict. Nearly six percent, or 258, of
ion was expected to have an effect on
Bridge St. and 131 Bridge St. —are+
those surveyed returned a com-
pletedquestionnaire. Aliivepercent
the land use plan being prepared by
the planning and zoning board for
ownedby Wade H. and Catherine H.'� '
Waters. The planning board will .
response to such surveys is consid.
approval by the city council.
present its recommendations to the:
ered good, Mrs. Daughtridge said.
Washington City Council at the:
The survey will be used by the
"It's important to say in the land
council's April 9 meeting.
planning board as it prepares the
use plan 'this is'what the citizenry
— Recommended rezoning of.
city's 1990 land use plan, Mrs.
hasonitsmind; "Mrs.Daughtridge
city -owned property along-
Daughtridge said.
said. Astute politicians will not ig-
Bridge Street from B-Highway to
In this year's survey, a safe and
nore this.'
B-2. The property is between the
adequate city water supplywas the
People are more aware ofenviron.
two lots owned by Wade H. and
top concern of people responding to
mental issues than they were in
Catherine H. Waters. The entire
the questionnaire.
1985, she said.
block on the east side of Bridge'
I think we all could have pre- .
Under the Coastal Area Manage-
StreetbetweenWest Main and West
dicted that,* Mrs. Daughtridge said,
ment Act, 20 counties in the state's
Second streets will now be zoned
Pollution of the Pamlico River by
coastal zone — including Beaufort
B-2, Washington planner David
industry and municipalities ranked
County —are required to have such
Schmidt told the panel. The recom-
second; the need to improve solid
plans and update them every five
mendation will be presented to the ti
waste management and recycling
efforts, third; conservation of wet-
years. Land Use Plans for towns
within that zone are optional.
city council.. `
— Voted torecommend a special I
lands and other areas of environ.
Public participation is required in
use permit in the 600 blocof k .
mental concern, fourth; and the ef-
all land use plans and the public
Carolina Avenue south of the
ABC store. Williams R. Stallings
requested the permit to build an in- ;
sumnce office on the site. The re-
commendation will be presented to '
the Washington Board of Adjust-
ment at its next meeting. i
— Accepted a request from Do. i
borah S. Syers withdrawing an
application for amending the B-
Highway zone to allow private
clubs and lounges as a permitted
use.

•
Newsrelease wi
MID rAtiT
CITY'S LAND USE PLAN UPDATI?
LOOKS AT POLICIES
The Coastal Area Management Act (LAMA) requires that land use plans adopted by coastal
cities and counties be reviewed and updated to reflect changes in local conditions every five years.
The City of Washington began this update in March of this year by requesting that the City's
Planning Board work with the Mid -East Commission to prepare this revision.
The first sections of the update deal with statistical changes which have occurred since 1985
with regard to population, economy, and land use. There is also a chapter which examines existiur,
constraints to development. These are natural or manmade factors in the physical environment
which make development difficult or unwise. The draft of these sections is complete.
The second section of the Plan spells out the C'ity's goals in the form of pulley statements with
regard to land development over the next five years. This section is presently being drafted. A
citizen survey was conducted last spring asking residents to prioritize issues facing the City. The
results of that survey are being considered now as the Policy section unfold.. Under Coastal
Resources Commission guidelines, policy statements must be developed for about eighty land use
topics which fall into five broad categories: Resource Protection, Resource Production and
Management, Economic and Community Development, Continued Citizen Participation, and Sturm
Hazard Mitigation. Some of the specific requirements include policy statements regarding the City's
position on development in or near fragile or hazardous areas, the means of protecting drinking
water supplies, hurricane and flood evacuation necds,marina development, wetlands, development
impacts on resources, types and preferred locations of desired industry, desired urban growth
patterns, local commitment to providing services to development, risk of property damage during
storms, post -disaster reconstruction priorities, and a myriad of other issues important to localities
in coastal areas.
A copy of the Plan rough draft is available in the City Manager's office for public information
Purposes while the update is under way. A full list of required policy statement topics is also
available with the rough draft.
The preliminary draft is scheduled for completion in September. That document must he sent
to Coastal Management for technical review and comment prior to local adoption.
Citizen comments on these or other land related issues are invited at any Planning Board
Meeting. The next regular Planning Board meeting will be held on Monday, August 6, 1990, at 8:1X1
PM in the Council Chambers. Interested citizens may also comment in writing to Doug Mercer,
Planning Board Chairman, or Ed Burchins, City Manager.
)D/ja
7/26, h 1
1
1
FI

WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, THURSDAY,
AUGUST 2, 19W — PAGE 5,
Board. to discuss
land use;
church seeps to erect signs
Washington's planning board will
the corner of Bridge and Main l
l
discuss its work on the city's land
streets and the corner of Charlotte
use plan Monday at 8 p.m.
Street and John Small Avenue near I
The city is required to update its
Brownie Bakery.
'
plan every five years. The planning
The church wants to erect an
board has been working on the plan
identification sign just inside the
for several months. Land use plans
main entrance gate on the East
are often used in regulating deve-
Main Street side of the church.
lopment and deciding the best use
The board of adjustments will
for land in the city.
meet at 8 p.m. Aug. 16. Its agenda
Also on the board's agenda is a re- '
includes the church's signs request,
quest from St. Peter's Episcopal
a request from Robert Waters for a
'
Church for a special use permit to lo-
special use permit to operate a wood
Cate six signs around the city. Five of
working shop at 809 Charlotte St.
the signs will be welcome signs that
and a request from Wachovia Bank
give directions to the church. The
and Trust Co. to build a new Teller
church wants to erect the welcome
II automatic teller machine and
signs on West Fifth Street near
shelter at 626 River Road. The site is
Hackney Industries, on East Second
in front of the Foodland grocery
Street on a lot owned by the church,
store. The board will also discuss
on property owned by Mrs. Lilly
other proposed policies and
Grimes off 15th Street extension,
procedures.
I

Inside Track Schools The Weather
Aw, .............. _ _.__ ..ts N•r••e•M ...•• -_ _ as Washington Clty Tonight and tomorrow, Partly
Abut T•wn ....._.__.......... 6A N•glbl Mmlulow• _......6B cloudy, 2096 di•nw rain today,
0-116ad. ..._..._.....a-ga t»Nu.n..._..._.�..._..gA school bus routes 1 .os tomorrow. Lo.+;n ,n;a'to..
tAmlcs _....._...._.._.........8 ryul• _.._.._.._._..._.._.....6B High totnonow in lower 90s.
s•H.n•...... ....._......._.__u s«;•t, _._ _._ _ ...._sa Page 4C
[nt•A•;•m•n47v _..._.__6B s••.t• _ ._._.•IB-211
- The Pulitzer Prize Winning
. -WASHINGTON -DA.ILY.' .NEWS
The Voice of the Pamlico
ESTARI Ictrrn I" -.-. NO. 206 1 THIRTY-TWO PAGES WASHINGTON, NORK"H CAROLTNA. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, AUGUST 29. 1990•` - (USPS 667400) PRICE 2
Washington council,
planning board
review land use plan
By Mike Voss
Staff Writer
Development and its effect on
the environment is the underly-
ing factor in the proposed land
use plan for Washington, accord-
ing to a rough draft of the. plan
shown to the city council last
night.
The draft calls the Pamlico
River the city's greatest resource
,and urges protection of the river
whenever feasible.
"Policy -alternatives must rec-
ognize the unique and sensitive
character of the area and the ine-
vitable impact of development on
any resources," the draft said.
"Policy should be based upon the
best possible blend of avenues for
allowing growth ofall types while
minimizing negative impacts."
The city council and planning
board met to review and discuss
the draft. The plan must be up-
dated every five years and is used
as a guide for deciding what di-
rection growth, development and
land use in the city shoulde take.
Among the topics discussed at
See CITY, Page 9A
City
From Page 1
the meeting:
— Types of urban growth pat-
terns desired.
—Types and locations of in-
dustries desired.
- Impact of stormwater ru-
noff on the environment.
.— A possible city marina
policy.
— Restriction of development
in areas susceptible to a rise in
sea level and wetlands loss.
— Tourism.
City council members dis-
cussed adopting it more conser-
vative definition of a marina.
"The city feels the CAMA (Coas-
tal Area Management Act) defin-
ition of marinas is too liberal to
adequately protect the Washing-
ton waterfront," said the draft.
CAMA regulations define a mar-
ina as having 10 or more boat
slips and a major permit for a
marina is required if 10 or more
slips are planned. Council mem-
bers indicated they might re-
quire a permit for a marina with
less than 10 slips but did not spe-
cify how many slips could be built
without a permit.
Doug Mercer, planning board
chairman, said the board had a
`lengthy discussion" about mari-
nas and had basically decided no
marinas should be allowed in the
city.. Mercer said the council
should give the board guidance
on the matter.
The city was told it faces a po-
tential problem with using Jack's
Creek as an area where its storm
water runoff is collected. The
creek empties into the Pamlico
River. The creek was recently de-
signated by the Wildlife Resour-
ces Commission as a primary
nursery area. The designation
restricts discharges into the
creek in order to protect young
fish, crabs and other seafood.
J
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