Land Use Plan Update-1980

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The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant
provided by the North Carolina Coastal Mangement Program, through,
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Coastal Zone
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric.Administration.

TOWN OFFICIALS FOR SOUTHPORT
Mayor:
Eugene Tomlinson
Board of Aldermen:
Nelson Adams
W.P. Furpless
W.P. Horne
James H. Davis
Cash Caroon
Norman Holden
Jonathan Hankins

CITY OF SOUTHPORT
North Carolina
LAND USE PLAN 1980
Prepared by
The Brunswick County
Planning Department

TABLE OF CONTENTS",
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .1
PART I: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
• A. CCIUMUNITY PROFILE .5
1. Population Report 5
2. Housing Report 13 ..
3. Economic Report 15
B. LAND USE SURVEY AND ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . .22
1. Existing Land Use 23
2. Development Trends 27
3. Existing Land. Use Map 30
C. CURRENT.LAND USE REGULATIONS. . . . . . 31
1. Southport Local Land Use Controls 31
2. State and Federal Controls. 33
D. ASSESSMENT OF PAST PLAN. . . . . . . . . 40
1. Introduction 41
2. City Administrati.on 42
3. Natural Resources 43
4. -Growth and Development 44
5. Housing 51
• 6. Transportation 52
7. Character.Preservation 54
PART II.. CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT. . . . . . . . . . .56
A. LAND SUITABILITY . . . . . . . 58
1. Soil Suitability Analysis 60
2. Fragile Areas 66
B. COMMUNITY CAPACITY. . .75
1 Facilities 75
2. Population Projection 82
3. Estimated Demand 84
PART III. POLICY.DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION . . . . .. . . .86
A. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 88
1. Citizen Questionnaire Report 88
2. Summary of.Major.Issues and Problems 93
B. POLICY STATEMENTS. . . . 94
1. Resource Protection. 95
2. Physical Constraints to Development 101
3. Resource Protection and Management 102
4. Economic and Community.Development 104
5. Provision of Services to Development 105
6. Growth Patterns 106
7. Continuing Public Participation. 107 -
C. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION. . 109

PART IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A. PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
B. RELATIONSHIP OF LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP TO
POLICY STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .118
C. LAND CLASSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
1. Developed 119
2. Transition 120
3. Community 120
4 Rural 121
5. Conservation 121
D. LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP . . . . . . . . . . . 123

INTRODUCTION
The -Coastal Area Management Act
"In recent years the coastal area has been subjected to increasing pressures
which are the result of the often conflicting needs of a society expanding in
industrial development, in population, and in the recreational aspirations of'its,'
citizens. Unless these pressures are controlled by coordinated management, the
very features of the coast which.make it economically, esthetically, and ecologi
cally, rich will be destroyed."'
In,1974, the 'North Carolina General Assembly passed the Coastal Area Mamagement
Act (CAMA) in an effort to effectively manage the development of it's twenty coastal
counties. The Act notes that, ."among North Carolina's most valuable resources are
its coastal lands and waters. The coastal area, and in particular the estuaries,
are among the most biologically productive regions of the state and of the nation.
Coastal and estuarine waters and marshlands provide almost 901 percent of the most
productive sport fisheries on the east coast,'of the.United States. Morth Carolina's
coastal area has an extremely.high recreational and esthetic value which should be
preserved end enhanced."
Adoption of.the CAMA.empowered local governments in -the twenty.North Carolina.
coastal counties to exercise control over their future. The Act designs a state -
local cooperative program in which local government. shall have the initiative
for planning-by'preparing a blueprint for their future growth and development and
the State government shall establish Areas of Environmental Concern where lands
are environmentally sensitive to the prospect of development. With regard to
planning, State government shall have an advisory role, setting guidelines and
standards,.and a reviewer's role, evaluating the local land use plans.. In addition,
the.State makes grants to finance local planning and work jointly with local govern-
ments.to enforce the adopted plans.
The CAMA permit process began March 1, 1978 throughout the entire coastal area
of North Carolina. After this date, any development in an Area of Environmental
Concern requires a permit. The permitting process is divided intd 2 classes; major
permits for large scale developments; and minor permits for houses and -other small.'
structures. The major permitting process is administered by the .North Carolina
Department of.Natural Resources and Community Development. The minor permitting
process process is administered locally by the Southport Building Inspector.
The entire CAMA planning process has been oriented towards citizen participa-
tion and has continually provided mechanisms .for citizen input into the preparation
of the land use plan. The primary input has.taken the form -of future growth poli-
ciesand identification of existing problems and issues and desired future services.
.0uring the local planning process, efforts must be made to secure this public
participation
The land use plans which are .prepared by local govenments in the coastal
area are distributed widely and have many uses. Among the users of the plans are
local governments, regional councils of government, state and federal. permitting
agencies and public and private funding and development -groups.
1

Local Government Uses --.Counties and municipalities may use the
local land use plans in their.day to day business and in plann-
ing for the future. Often times, the land use plan provides guid-
ance in local policy decisions relating to overall community
development. The plans also provide the basis for development
regulations and capital facility planning and budgeting. By deli-
neating how the community wishes to grow, the land use plans help
to assure the best use of tax dollars as public utilities can be
extended to.the best areas for growth.
Regional Uses - The regional councils of .government or planning and
development commissions use the local land use plans as'the basis
for their.regional plans and in their function as regional clearing-
house for state and federal funding programs. The local plans can
indicate to these regional decision makers what types of development
the local community feels are -important and where the development
should take place.
State and Federal Government Uses - The local land use plans are -
used as a major component.in the granting or denial of permits for
various developments within the coastal area. The State and federal
agencies must be sure -that their decisions consider the policies
which are set out by the local governments in their plans.: This is -
also true for decisions relating to.the use of federal or state funds
within the coastal counties. If a local plan sets out policies
relating to various types.and-locations_ of development, the funding
and permit decisions must be consistent with the local policies. Pro-
jects being undertaken by.State and Federal agencies themselves must
also be consistent with the local plans.
1980 Southport Land Use Plan
The scope of the 1980 Southport Land Use Plan includes a community profile,
land use update, land use survey and analysis, and a land classification map.
Specifically, a summary of data collected and its analysis, maps of existing land
use and desired land use, Areas of Environmental Concern, assessments of past and
current problems, and new policy statements are presented. The 1980 Plan is an
update of the 1976'Southport Land Use Plan: Much.of the data presented in this
document is based on previous information. For example, -because the 1980 United
States Census has not yet been published, population figures for 1980-on. are
projections based on information in the 1976 Land Use Plan: Therefore, some of
the data presented needs to be updated with the publication of the Census, and it
is possible that the data presented is deceptive., but is not totally unrealistic.
In preparation of the Southport.Land Use flan, several techniques wereused
to elicit input from the public in the planning process These include local
meetings with citizens and planners, a citizen survey, local -weekly newspaper
coverage, and a "dial -a-planner" service. The citizens have also been encouraged
-.to comment on preliminary land use and. land classification.proposals. Significant
comments have been incorporated in the final land classification map appearing in
this -plan. The public participation process for the city of Southport is explained
in further detail in the following text.
... 2

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DATA COLLECTION
AND
.ANALYSIS

PART I
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
.TABLE'QF CONTENTS
A. COMMUNITY PROFILE. . . .
.5
1. Population Report. . . . . . . . . . .
.5
Current Population Estimates
6
Population Change
7
Household Composition
Population Characteristics
Migration Rates -
Seasonal Population
2. Housing Report. . . . ... . . . . . . . . .
.13
3. Economic .Report . . . ... . . . . . . . . .
. 15
,Industry
15
Manufacturing
16
Fishing
17
Agriculture
17
Tourism
17
Commerce
18
Central, Business District
18
Other Commerce Areas
19
- Finance and Real Estate
19
Fiscal Year 1981 Revenue
19
B. LAND USE SURVEY AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . .
. 22
I. Existing. Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 23
Residential
23
Commercial
23
Office
23
Recreation
24
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities
24
Public Institution
24
Private Institution
24
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries
25
Undeveloped
25
2. Development Trends
27
Development Trends Within Land Use Categories
27
Land Use-Compatability Problems.
28
Major Problems Resulting from Unplanned
Development
29
3. Existing Land Use Map, , , ;
30

C. CURRENT LAND USE REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . .
. 31
1.
Southport Land Use Controls . . , , . .
. .31
Zoning Ordinance
31
Subdivision Ordinance
31
Building Codes
31
Land Use Plan
31
2.
State and Federal Controls . . . . . . . . . .
. 33
D. ASSESSMENT
OF PAST PLAN . .
. o40
1.
Introduction., ..
41
2.
City Administration . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .42
Full Time Management
42
Recreation Director
42
Dog Ordinances
42
3.
Natural Resources
.43
CAMA Enforcement
43
AEC's
43
Federal Flood Insurance Program
43
4.
Growth and Development-.
44,_
Condensed Growth
44
Recreation
44
Services and Facilities
45
Industrial Development
49
5.
Hous i ng . . . . . . . ... . . .
. . 51
Rehabilitation
51
-
Assisted Housing
51
Lot Zoning for Moblile Homes
51
6.
Transportati-on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
.
Thoroughfare Plan
52
Residential Development Plans
53
7.
Character Preservation . . . . . . . . . .
. 54
Appearance Commission
54
Information Center
54
Southport -Brunswick County Histo.ric.District
Commission
54
Waterfront Preservation
55

A. COMMUNITY PROFILE
1. POPULATION REPORT
The basis for most planning studies is the population, both
current and projected, for.the geographic area covered in the study.
All planning services such'a's schools, streets, fire protection,
police protection, recreation, water, sewer, garbage collection,
social services, libraries, and medical facilities are related
directly to the population they serve.
The seasonal population must be considered along with the
resident population, for they too create demands on some services
and facilities, especially water, sewer, and roads.
Another factor to be considered is the density pattern.
Typically, areas of population concentrations have a greater need
for certain services than areas of low density populations, espec�
ially water and sewer services.
The historic population statistics for Southport show the
changes -and trends that have been and are occurring. The population
of a given area is never static, and change is always occurring.
This is why planning is a dynamic process that adjusts periodically
as change occurs.
Therefore, it is the purpose of this section to provide the
basic population data on which current and future needs for services
and facilities, as created by permanent and seasonal residential
demand, can be determined far Southport.
5

Current Population Estimates
In 1970 Brunswick County's most populated municipality was.
Southport, In 1975, it still claimed the number one postiion,
and currently in 1980, Southport continues to rank in the top.
spot. Its population represents approximately 8.24 percent of
the County population. This represents a decrease of .92 percent
since 1970.
The population of Southport, as well as that of Brunswick
County has experienced a period of.extreme growth since 1970.
The establishment of two large industrial plants near the city
has been accompanied by a major influx of workers which has
added significantly to the total population. The.1970.-United
States Census (the last official enumeration) placed the total
county of persons in Southport at 2220, and that of Brunswick
County at 24,223. These figures represent increases from the
1960 Census of 9.1% and 19.4% respectively: With due regard
to the 1970 statistics, however, it is a generally recognized
fact that.a:great deal of change has occurred within the last
ten years which would probably render 1970 data particularly
deceptive. However, because the 1980 United States Census data
is not yet available, current population estimates must be based
on the 1970 figures.
.The Southport population for 1980 was projected to be approxi-
mately 3136 in the 1976.Southport Land Use Plan, while the Brunswick
County population for 1980 was projected to be 38,100 by the North,.
Carolina Department of Administration. These figures represent
increases of approximately 41.3 percent and 57.3 percent, respec-
tively, since 1970. The vast majority of this upsurge is most
likely an outgrowth of industrial expansion, particularly the
Carolina Power and Light Company Nuclear Power Generating Station
located just outside the city. This industry employed a large
quantity of construction workers during the early part of the
seventies, and has continued to provide jobs for a large number
of workers on a permanent basis.
6

Population Change
Although County data is hel.pful_in describing the Southport
population,.township data may create a more accurate description.
Southport is located in Smithville Township, which has approximately
18 percent of the total county population. During the 1960-1970
decade, the.Township registered a gain of 29.5 percent (about 1000
persons). This indicated that some people were taking up residence
_near the CPR Nuclear plant, but outside the city limits of Southport.
From 1970 to 19801t is estimated that 'Smithville Township experienced
again of 67.4 percent'(about 2980 persons), indicating that the
'trend has continued.
POPULATION CHANGE 1930-1.980
Brunswick County
Smithville Twp.
_Southport
1930
15,818
2912
1760
1940
17,125
(+8.3%)
2936
(+0.8%)
1760
(0.0%)
1950
19,238
(+12.3%)
2873
(-2.2%)
1748
(0.7%)
1960
20,278
(+5.40)
3355
(+16.8%)
2034
(16.4%:
1970
24,223
(+19.5)
4346
(+29.5%)
2220
(+9.1%.
1980
38,100
(+57.3%)
7274
(+67.4%)
3136(+41.3%
SOURCE U.S. Census 1970 for years 1930-1970
N.C. Department of Administration, Brunswick County
1980 projection
Brunswick County Planning Department, Smithville Twp.
1980 projection
Southport Land Use Plan, 1976
While the total population of Brunswick County increased by
18,862 from 1950 to 1980, the non -white population increased by
only 4,465. Between 1950 and 1980, the percentage of non -white
population dropped from 36.7% to 30.18% in.1980.
Of th-e 4,465 non-whi.te increase, 2,073 were males and 2,392
females.' As a percentage, the non -white males in relationships
to the total males dropped from 35.7% in 1950 to 29% in 1980, and
the non -white females declined from 27.5% to 31.2%. It would seem
that slightly more males than females migrated from the County,
but no natural increase statistics by sex is available to confirm
this.
• .,Township statistics are available only for 1960.and 1970.
Estimates for. 1980 were -made by the Brunswick County Planning
.Department in 1980.

NON -WHITE POPULATION CHANGE BY TOWNSHIP 1960-1970
1960
1970
.Total Non-:
% Non-
Total
Non-.
% Non-
.1960-1970
Pop White
White
Pop.
White -White
Change
unswick Co.,-20,278 .7,175
35.4
24,223
7,443
. 30.7
-268
ithville Twp.3,355 1,144
34.1
4,346
1,193
24.4
49
NON -WHITE
POPULATION
CHANGE BY.TOWNSHIP
1980
Total Non- % Non- 1.970-1980
Population White White Change
inswick.Co.
38,100
9,335
24.5
1,921
ithville
Twp.
7,272
1,617
23.2
445
Household Composition
Household composition was also estimated for.Brunswick County
and Smithvi.11e Township. Analysis shows an approximate average
household size of 3.47 for the whole county. The average white
household size is larger for the Township than that for the county,
and the average non -white household size'for the Township was
smaller than that for the County. This is indicated in the follow-
ing table.
TOWNSHIP_ HOUSEHOLD -COMPOSITION 1980
Brunswick Smithvillel
• County Township
Total # Households 10,980 2-,096
Household Population 38,100 7,274
Population per Household. 3.47 3.47
# White Households 8,359. 1,596
Household Population, 28,765 :-5,657
Population Per Household 3.44 3.52
# Non -White Households 2,62.1
Household Population -9,335
Population per Household 3.56
500
1,617
3.32
N

Population Characteristics
The median age of a population, that is, the point at.which
half of -the people are older -and half are younger., gives a descrip-
tion of the age composition of a given population. The forces
which -normally act on the median age and births, deaths, and migra-
tion and the complex interplay of these forces candrive the age
y —either up or down. There is presently a nationwide trend toward
lower birth rates, and this has caused the median age to rise slightly,
since young people have become a lesser proportion of the total.
From 1960 to 1970, each segment under study (male,'female, black,
white) grew older. The median age for all groups in Brunswick County
was 26.4 in 1970 as opposed to 23.9 in 1960. Southport in 1970
stood at 32.2 and-Smithville Township registered 32.4, while the
North Carolina figure was 26.5. The .reason for this difference.
appears to be that Southport contains a relatively.large population
of elderly people (those over 65) within its boundaries.
North Carolina, for example., listed 34.6% of its people less than
age 18 and Southport compared closely with 32.2%. In the over 65
category, however, Southport contrasted significantly with 12.9%
versus the state average of 8.1% . . .nearly one and one half
times as many. The elderly of Southport represent 1-2.1% of the
Brunswick County population. This situation could have possibly
changed since the last Census, but from these figures, it. would
appear that Southport is a favorable environment for the elderly,
perhaps the retiree, and should take this into account when for-
mulating -policies and programs in the future.
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS: 1970
_Total
Male
Female
White
Black
Under 18
Over 65
Med. Age
;1riinswick
24,223
50"
501
69%
30%
37.4%
8.4%
26.4%
Smithville
twp 4,346
49%
' 51%
- 72"0
26%
32.4'%
12.1%
32.4%
.Southport
2,220
47%
53%
62%
35%
32.7%
12.9%
32.4%
North_
Carolina
5,082,059
49%
51%
77%
22%
34.6%
8.1%
26.5%
SOURCE: U.S. Census, 1970
9

Estimates-oi population distribu;..-. .•ace, sex, and age
groups were also made for Brunswick County and Smithville Township
for 1980 by the Brunswick County Planning Department.
1980 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY
RACE, SEX,.AND AGE GROUP
Brunswick
Smithville.
`County
-Townshi
Total
Population
38,100.
_ 7,274..
_,
Male
18,959
391584
Female
19,141-
3,726
White
28,765
5,657
Non -White
9,335
1,617
Median Age.
28.4
13,335
N/A
2,357
Number Under 18
4,191
880
Plumber. over 65-
Migration Rates
Recent migration rates, population characteristics, and median
age figures are not yet -available for Southport or the County.
To create a general description of the -population, 1970 Census
figures are presented -below as well as some.analysis from the 1976
Southport Land Use Plan. It is expected that this general descrip-
tion will change with the analysis of 1980 Census data.
Migration rates which were calculated for Brunswick County
from 1960 to 1970 reflect the assumption that more and more of
the.County's people are staying in the County rather than moving
out. A study done in 1969, for example, compared specific age
groups in.1950 with the same groups.a.decade later in order to
measure the percentage of persons who had remained within the
County during that period (e.g., ages 25-34 in 1950 compared
with ages.35-44 in 1960). In every case, Brunswick County had
shown a loss of residents: Less than 100% remained ten years
_later. From 1960 to 1970, the situation was altered significantly.
Most age.groups exhibited net gains'(over-100%)-during this time
span, in eachinstance, the percentage of persons continuing to
reside in the County was larger than during the previous enumeration.
Although age breakdowns since 1970 have been unavailable, the
reported substantial additions to the total popula"tion would
lend support to the notion that, currently, an even higher
proportion of each age group is -being retained. These statistics
tend to indicate that Brunswick County is becoming an increasingly
attractive area in which to live. and work.
10

MIGRATION
RATES:
BRUNSWICK CO.
1950-1960, 1960-70
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
kge Groups in 1960
2441
2469
2417
1928
1125
2298
2509
2155
->ame Groups in 1970
2653
2320
1840
1542
1326
2634
2677
2320
'ercent,Remaining
109%
94
76
80
118
115
107
108
)ercent Remaining
•1:950-1960
96%
81
54
61
81
94
92
88
;OURCE: Southport Population & Economy Study 1969 and Calculated from U.S.
Census 1970
Seasonal Population
The seasonal population in Southport is below that of the
neighboring beach communities. However, it is important to consider
visitors because of their demand for city services and their effect
on the.economy. -The following -tables of seasonal. population and
visitation averages and projections were done in.preparation of the
Southeastern Brunswick County 201 Facilities Plan. The projections
indicate that not much increase in the seasonal population is ex-
pected to the year 2000.
PEAK WEEKLY POPULATION
Southport
1980
1990
2000
Permanent
3,477
4,562
5,665
Seasonal
- 214
235
259
Total
3,691
4,797
5,924
VISITATION FOR SOUTHPORT
Average
Week
Peak Week Peak Day,
Season Total
Spring
78
160 274
785
Summer
168
214
1,036
Fall
104
160'
1,246 .
Winter
77
11

N
HISTORIC rOPU ATIGN
i
Ave. Percent of
1930
1940
Percent Change
'9' 0
Percent Ch: jge
i96U
Percent Ch:in6e
1970
Percent Change
Percent Chang
County 1°30-70
1930-40
1940-50
1950-60
1960-70
1930-70
Southport*
9.8
1,760
1,760
0
1,748
-.7
2,034
16.3
2,220
9.1
26.1 I
Smithville Trap.
17.0
2,912
2,936
.8
2,873
-2
3,355
16.7
4,346
29.5
49.2
Brunswick Co.i 15,818 17,125 8 19,238 12.3 20,278 5.4 24,223 19.4 41.4
Eour6e: U.S. Dept, of Corserce 1950, 1960, 1970 O.S. Census of Population
Southport*
Brunswick County
AVERAGE PERMANENT RESIDENT POPULATION
19731 1974
1
2,730 2,9C0
29,800 31,900
* City Only
1 As of July 1 according to N.C. Dept. of Administration, OSP
2 Not available because of small data base
3 As of January 1 according to Brunswick County Planning Dept.
1975
N/A2
35,6213
n
k +

1.
2. Housinq Report_
Dwelling Units
The current residential dwelling count for the Southport planning area
is 1069. In the following table this figure is broken down for units within
the city limits and those in the extraterritorial jurisdiction.
Number of Dwelling Units
Type Dwelling # Dwelling Units
Within City Limits
Permanent Single Family 850
Permanent Multi -Family 42
' Mobile Homes 18
Total- 910
I
Within Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Permanent Single Family 112
Permanent Multi -Family 0
( Mobile Hanes .47
Total 159
Area Total 1,069
Substandard Housing
The City of Southport contains a high number of substandard houses. Of
the total 910 dwelling units, approximately 15.99% are in substandard condi-
tion. Although this figure is rather high, this housing is primarily located
in the area of the Northwest quadrant in Southport, bounded by Howe, Burring
ton, Ninth, and Brown Streets.. Here deteriorated and substandard housing is
overwhelming. of the total 89 dwelling units in this area, 70 units or 78.65
percent are in failing condition. Available vacant standard housing is non-
existent in the area. There are eight vacant units which are all dilapidated
beyond repair. These structures occupy unattended lots, they harbor rodent$
and the like, and contribute to the blight and health hazards of the community.
Because many of these units are beyond repair, and in order to prevent
endangering the safety and wellfare of the citizens of Southport, they need to
be -demolished. The City of Southport has provided funds to be used.for demo-
lition of deteriorated houses and in actively pursuing this program by assess-
ing the home owners. The City has also applied for a Community Development
Block Grant for rehabilitation -of 62 units and demolition of 8 vacant units in
the neighborhood described above.
Low Income Housing
The low income residents of Southport are also provided housing assistance
through the Brunswick County Public Housing Department's Section 8 existing
housing program. Presently, there are 25 households in,Southport receiving
this rent subsidy.
13

Other current housing characteristics and statistics are not yet avail-
able. When the 1980 Census data is published, a more detailed housing report
can be completed .

3. ECON011IC REPORT
The economy of an area is constantly undergoing long term change.
-These changes affect the population in total numbers, in density and,
therefpre, in the level of services required, as well as the economic
..well boing of each person.
The density of an urban center is controlled by the extent and
character of its productive and income -.producing activities and its
general vitality. That is, the urban economy conditions the amount of
land development that occurs.
For these reasons, an investigation of the economy is an important
part of -the planning process. If the economy should shift .from agricultural
to industrial, the population will normally incrase. Concentrations may
occur pear the major industrial -area. However, with todays means of trans-
portation, workers commute greater distances than in past years and con-
cen trations may not occur. Also, industry normally will increase the
income'of the area, raising the standard of living.
The type of economy an area has also affects the tax base.
Again, industrial development normally means costly plants and equipment
that make -a major contribution to the Ad Valorem taxes ,thus relieving
individual property owners ofsome tax responsibility..
With so many areas being influenced by the, economy, the elements of the
•economy must be considered as to its foundation, strength, stability and
future, The stability and growth of any area depends directly upon.the
stability and growth of the economic activities.
The.future growth of an area can be somewhat guided through guidance
of economic development. Through planned development, especially of
industry, growth can be guided to areas best suited to sustain -such growth.
The factors mentioned above serve only as a brief and limited explanation
of the importance of the economy of an area to its past, present, and future
and the necessity of considering the economic aspects in the planning process.
An accurate appraisal of the economy in Southport is difficult to gauge
at'the time of this report. The 1980 Census data has not yet.been published
and much has happened to influence the economy since. 1970. It may be helpful
to consider the Brunswick County Economic Report as a setting for Southport
in creating a picture of the City's economy, as well as some very general
characteristics that can be determined in the City.
Industry.
As Brunswick County has shifted from an agricultural/commercial fishing
economic base to a more industrial base during the past decade, the economic,
well being of the County's residents has -improved. There are many indicators
of improvement other than the census reports. One.such indicator is per capita
personal income. In 1973 the per capita Personal Income for Brunswick County -
was only $2,911.' By. 1978 it had risen to $5,071. Industrial development in
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties has contributed to this increase in per
capita income.
15

In 1979 manfacturinywzrs. the leading employer and economic contributor
to the County's economy. Commercial fisheries ranked second;'and transportation
and tourism ranked about third as employers. Agriculture activity was the second
leading economic -contributor, while tourism was the third.
Southport lost its major employer in 1978 when the Brunswick County offices
moved from Moore Street to near Bolivia. The County Coard of Education, however
is still located there, but has future plans of moving to the complex site also..
Manufacturing
For its'size, Southport has a good number of manufacturing establishments
which employ County residents as well as Southport residents. Below is a list
of firms located in the Southport area. This list was compiled by the Brunswick
County Resources Development Office.
Employment
Year
.Firm
Range
Products Established
Blake Builder Supplies
20-49
Building Supplies,
1950
Supplies, Inca
'hardware, concrete
Carolina Power and
250-499
Electrical power
1975
Light Company
Caroons Crab
20-49
fresh and frozen seafood
1965
Company, Inc.
East Coast Ice
.and Fisheries
20-49
Manufacture ice
1975
Pfizer, Inc.
100-249
Citric acid
1975
Sea -Way Press
1-4
Commercial printing
1967
Standard Products
20-49 .
Fish meal, fish oil,
of North Carolina, Inc.
and fish solubles
1922
State Port Pilot
1-4
Weekly newspaper
1928 .
Woodcraft Cabinet
1-4
Custom-made cabinets,
1974
Shop
misc. woodwork
It is important to note that no new industries or firms have located in the
Southport area since 1975, when.Carolina Power and Light and Pfizer companies
locate there. Both are major employers in the S'cut.hport area as well as the
Co tin ty.
1
16

Fishing
Fishing is a major industry in the Southport area. The city is the
commercial and sport fishing center of the county, with the largest amount of
-registered/licensed fishing boats. A number of these boats, including a party.
boat, are available to vacationing amateur fishermen, and substantially contri-
bute to drawing tourists to the area. The fishing industry in Southport.is pri-
marily responsible for Brunswick County's ranking as one of the leading.seafood
producers in the State.
The fishing industry is locally encouraged by the location in Southport.of
a state owned boat harbor which is currently privately leased. Adjoining this
facility is the Old Boat Harbor, which has historically served the needs of area
fishermen prior to construction of the State owned facility.. For a number of
years, the Old Boat Harbor .was run down, dilapidated, and an eyesore to the commu-
nity. Recently, several steps have been taken to improve its facilities, useful-
ness and appearance. The City of Southport Downtown and Waterfront Revitalization
Study; 1979, addressed the problems associated with the Old Boat Harbor and offered
suggestions for its improvement. Since then, work on a City owned pier has been
completed, as well.as the removal of several dilapidated docks. Further steps to
insure its rehabilitation and preservation are currently being considered. Any
improvements made to the Old Boat Harbor will improve not only its appearance, but
aid in promoting the fishing industry in Southport by providing improved facilities.
Agriculture
Agriculture activity in the Southport area is almost non-existent.. In the
1976 Land Use.Plan, it was reported that Smithville Township had so little agricul-
tural activity, that all acres in agricultural use would be included in the Town
Creek Township reports.
Tourism
Although tourism is the third largest contributor to the economy of'Brunswick
County, its contribution to the Southport economy is relatively low. Some visitors
are attracted by charter and commercial fishing; however, most visitors are those
passing through en route to Bald Head Island or filtering over from Oak Island and
the Southport'- Fort Fisher Ferry. Southport businesses may benefit from chance
shopping and patronage at eating establishments: but most tourist money is.spent
elsewhere.
Southport's geographical location may adversely affect its tourist business.
It is in a rather.out-of-the-way spot, and though this may be.a charming asset to
many residents, it could cause some prospective visitors to search for a more access-
ible place to vacation. This situation is compounded by the rising cost of gasoline
which is -already causing a decline .in'tourism throughout the entire county.
To combat this, Southport must continue to be more aggressive in attracting
tourism. The general attitude of the -Southport residents and businessmen is that
tourism shotild.be encouraged, but in a positive way. Since there is an overall
desire to maintain the ':fishing village" atmosphere, the City should take advantage
of those assets, possibly rehabilitating of historic sites, cleaning up the down-
town and waterfront area, and publicizing the historic assets to draw tourists to
the city.
17

Commerce
The fourth largest occupation of Brunswick County, residents is that of
trade, which includes all persons engaged in the sales of merchandise. Gross
retail sales have risen steadily since 1973 for the County, with the largest
growth occurring since 1978. The annual. increase, from 1978 to 1979 was .as
large as the total increase for the three-year period from 1973 to 1976.
Although recent retail figures for.Southport are not available, it is
probable. that Southport merchants have' not received their proportional share
of the County increases, due most probably to their failure to compete with
other retail districts within the Southport market area.
Central Business District
In the past decade, the economic viability of the downtown and waterfront
areas of Southport has been jeopardized. To arrest any negative trends in the
commercial areas, City officials adopted a Downtown and Waterfront Revitalization
.,Plan in .September 1979. Studies done in preparation of this plan by the Brunswick
County Planning°Department indicated an extreme problem'of vacant. buildings, due
largely to the move of. Brunswrick County Government offices, and vacant lots, due
to the lack of demand for floor space in the Central Business District (CBD).
In addition a —large number of buildings in the area house professional offices. it
was also found that large portions of the land in the CBD and along the waterfront
were owned by a few people, rather than a large number of -individuals., A market
analysis for the plan concluded that the CBD has been negatively affected also by
the competition of shopping centers in the area. Southport has experienced reduced
sales margins, -vacancies, and lack of capital -for improvement... It was obvious from
the analysis of goods and services offered in the CBD that business volume has
decreased. (For a more detailed analysis, see, City.of Southport Downtown and
Waterfront Revitalization Plan, 1979).
The significance of the trends mentioned above is that the Southport central
commercial areas are showing definite signs of decline, The movement of the
County offices to Bolivia has not only caused vacant: buildings, it has also caused
a decrease in pedestrian traffic, The professional offices draw some,people into
:the CGD, but not enough -to make a real difference. -The nearby shopping centers
draw people away who would have otherwise shopped in the CBD. It seems obvious
that the Southport CBD must become an active competitor in the market area in order
to draw people back to the central commercial areas. To do this, changes in its
physical.appearance are being planned according to the revitalization plan. This
will not be enough, however. Changes must be made in the ownership patterns and
marketing techniques of.establishments to make revitalization a success, Having a
small number of people owning most of the commercial property stifles competition
within. the commercial area. Competition between business establishments is a very
important factor in the viability of a commercial area. Obsolete marketing.techni-
ques should be replaced by more contemporary techniques, taking the lead from the
the successful shopping center.
Steps to l.iJ t commercial development.in outlying areas could also be -taken in
an effort to encoura qe new business to locate.in the downtown area, Currently, the
Zoning Ordinance sanctions strip commercial development along North Howe Street, NC
133 and 211. This is a major threat to economic'stability and revitalization of the
CBD,
18

In the past five years various retail establishments have located in the
CBD, however,.most have not survived longer than six months. Offers to buy
certain downtown properties have been made, but outrageous and prohibitive price
tags have been attached to the deteriorating properties. Recently, however,'thi:;
trend seeths to be reversing as more buildings are being rented for office space
or retail establishments.
Y Other CommercialAreas
.Commercial development outside the downtown area along North Howe Street, NC
133 and 211 may act to mitigate the effect of the declining downtown revenues.
Southport"intends to continue to develop these outlying areas. Many of establish-
ments there benefit from the tourist traffic along these roads.
Four major restaurants and four motels are supported in Southport. These .
establishments do not depend solely on tourist traffic since they are open year
round.
The rgarinas are also commercial enterprises which do well in Southport;
although, marine - type activities do not employ a large amount of people.
Finance and Real Estate
'Activities of financial'institutions, banks, and savings and loan associations
have increased significantly in the past decade in the County.
Southport, at present, contains two banks, the largest of which has two
branches. Two savings and loan; are also located there. , .
Real estate activities has also shown significant increases in the County,
and Southport has a good share of real estate establishments.
Fiscal Year 1981 Revenue
Each of the foregoing economic activities contributes to the general
wealth and health of the City of Southport. Recently, the fiscal year 1981
operating budget was approved by Southport officials. An itemized list of revenues
and revenue sources may help to create a more detailed picture of the economic
health of the City. The following is a summary of the expected revenues,in.the
approved budget. A copy of the FY 81 approved revenues and expenditures can be.
found in the appendix to this text. Note that the largest sources of.revenue are
received in electricity sales and general funds. Of the general fund revenues,
property and sales taxes comprise the major portion. ABC revenues contribute a
substantial -portion also.
19

City of Southport
FY 81 Budget - Revenues
TOTAL REVENUE
General Gov't
Powell Bill
Electric
Water & Sewer
Revenue Sharing
$515,847
40,000
1,270,151
190,510
7,250
Total 2,023,758
Tax Current Year
Tax Prior Year
Penalities & Interest
Motor Ven. Lic.
Priviledge Lic.
Dog Tags
Beer Lic.
Build Permits
Franchise Tax
Intangible Tax
Beer and Wine
Local Options Sales
Refund of Tax -(sales)
Refund of Tax (gas)
Cable TV
Cemetery Lot Sales
Traffic Fines
ABC Police Fund
ABC Distribution
Interest Income
Miscellaneous
Sale of Misc. & Junk
Boat Slip Rent
From Powell Bill.
From Electric Bill
Total
GENERAL FUND REVENUE
193,804
7,000
2,000
700
1,400
200
300
1,000
30,000
3,500
10,700
25,000
6,500
1,500
5,000
3,000
50
1,200
13,000
300
12,500
2,500
4,500
31,000
159,193
$ 515,847
20

Powell Bill Revenue
Est. FY 80 Est FY 81
State of ►North Carolina $43,000 $40,UOU
Electric Revenue
Sale of Electricity $ 1,268,551
Service. Charge 1,600
Total $ 1,270,151
Water -and Sewer Revenue
Water & Sewer Collection $ 180,010
Water & Sewer TAP FEE 8,000
MISC. (int. Etc.) 1,500
TOTAL $ 190,510
Revenue Sharing Revenue
FY 80 FY 81
Federal Grant $29,000 7-5250

B. LAND USE SURVEY.AND ANALYSIS
In accordance with the State Guidelines for Local Planning
in the Coastal.Area under the Coastal Area Management Act of
1974, an update of the 1976 Land Use Survey was completed in 1980.
. The 1980 Land'Use Survey serves four major functions:
First, an accurate dwelling unit count -is made available;
Second, -.existing acreages for each land use category are deter-
mined; Thirdly,' each parcel of land is shown as to use;. Fourth ,
and most important, the Land Use Survey serves as the basis for
an indepth land use analysis. It will reveal, for example,
the amount of vacant but usable land available within Southport.
This "is an inipor.tant consideration in shaping policies in matters
of industrial, commercial. and residential development, sub-
division control., of facilities provision and needs assessment
and zoning regulations. It will also reveal those -land use
changes from 1975, which in turn outline the City's develop-
ment trends. The following analysis will deal primarily.with
the use of the land and the relationships of the various types
of land uses.
W

1. EXISTING LAND USE
The general land use of Southport is indicated on the Existing Land
Use Map and the accompanying table. The acreage figures presented were
calculated from data gathered from tax records, a windshield survey, and
planimeter measurements of related maps They are broken down for acreage
K within the corporate limits and acreages within extraterritorial jurisdic-
tion-. The following discussion briefly describes the various uses and their
changipg acreages since the 1976 Southport Land Use Plan.
Residential
Residential use accounts for approximately 30.5 percent of the total
land use in the Southport corporate limits, which is about the same percentage
as that in 1976. Residential structures are almost exclusively single family
dwelling units; however, since 1976, there have been some increases in the
acreages for multi family dwellings and mobile homes, 63.5 percent and 18.5
percent respectively. Single family residential land use in acres has increased
..only 4 2 percent since 1976.
The areas of .extraterritorial jurisdiction experienced a decrease in
acreages of residential land use, approximately 45.1 percent. This is due to
large purchases of land for industrial purposes: There are no multi -family
-dwelling units in the jurisdiction, but mobile home developments have increased'.
In -acres for mobile homes, there was an increase of approximately 199% land use
since 1976
Commercial
Approximately 6.2 percent of the -total 'land use in the Southport planning
area is devoted to commercial uses. Within the corporate limits there has been
an increase of acres in commercial use of 23.3 percent, while the extraterri-
torial jurisdiction has experienced an increase of 447.8 percent. This extreme
difference or increase, in relation to figures from the previous. land use plan,
reflects the fact that large tracts of land are owned, but are yet undeveloped,
by commercial entities.
"Areas of commercial concentration include the downtown, the community
shopping center at the intersection -of North Howe Street and N.C. 87, and the
areas.adjacent to the small boat harbor marina and the Old Yacht Basin.
Industry.
l- Since the 1976 Land Use Plan, the percentage of total land use in acres
fQr the Southport Planning Area has increased tremendously (1267 percent)... This
large -increase is due to substantial.purch.ases of land throughout the extra -
territorial jurisdiction'(over-600 acres) byboth CP&L and Pfizer companies .
Within the corporate limits of Southport, the land use acreage has increased by
approxi.mately 19 acres. It should be noted that all land classified industrial
is not developed and -may not be for many years to come.
Off ce
Lands occupiedby office uses comprise about .43 percent of the land in the
total planning area - approximately-.61 percent within the corporate limits and
.34 in the extraterritorial jurisdiction.. This 1980 classification cannot be
23

compared with that of the 1976 Land Use Plan because it was previously not
as well defined. However, it must be noted that Southport. did.lose a large
number of offices in 1978 when the Brunswick County Offices moved from down-
town Southport to the Brunswick County Government Center near Bolivia.
Recreation
Since 1976, Southport has greatly increased its amount of land in recrea-
tional uses. A total increase for the planning area, for acres of recreational
land use, was about 150 percent. .A little league field of three acres, a
multi -use basketball court of '2 acre, a mini park of,, acre,and two tennis courts
of '2 acre have been developed. A waterfront park of one acre .is being planned
also, and property has currently been acquired for the project. Other recrea-
tional areas in Southport include historic sites, fishing pier, boat harbor
marina, school athletic fields, neighborhood parks, and a community meeting cen-
ter for local civic groups. Even with the.15O percent improvement, recreational
land use comprises the smallest percentage of the total land use in the corporate
limits of Southport.
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities represent the third largest
land use within the corporate limits with approximately 15.2 percent of the
total land. The bulk of this consists of street rights -of -ways, which are in
many instances 99 feet in width. Other uses within this categroy include the
-sewage treatment plant on West Street and water pumping stations on Howe and
Leonard Streets.
Outside Southport in the extraterritorial planning area, close to 14
percent of the total land use is .in this category. Included in the classifica-
tion are street rights -of -way, water stations, and the CP&L nuclear power plant.
Public Institution
Lands occupied by public institutions in Southport comprise about 1.6
percent of all land in the corporate limits. In the outside planning area
they comprise about .21 percent. The category of public institutions includes
entities such as the police and fire station, town hall buildings,public schools,
city garage, and the .library. A comparison of the acres,of .land in this use
between 1975 and 1980 figures cannot be made because the category in the previ-
ous plan was not well defined. This is true for the following category also.
Private Institution Land Use
Private institution use of land includes such entities as the Dosher
Memorial Hospital, Masonic Lodge, churches, and the convalescent home. Approxi-
mately .74 percent of the total land use in the Southport corporate limits is
devotee; to this type. There is no private institution land use in the extra-
territorial jurisdiction area.
24

Agriculture, Forestry_ and Fisheries
Use of land for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries has declined in acreage
since-1976. The total decline was about-9.1 percent within the Southport corpo-
rate limits and 54.4 percent in the extraterritorial jurisdiction. For the whole
planning Area, this land use type comprises the largest percent(29.4) of all land
use. The decrease in acreages are due to urban land use development.
Undeveloped
Undeveloped land is vacant, unimproved land not in agriculture or forest
use.. For'the Southport Land Use Plan, -wetlands have been included in the acreage
.data. This category occupies approximately 29.8 percent of the total land use
within the corporate limits and 14 percent within the area of extraterritorial
jurisdiction. Of the total land use in the Southport Planning Area, undeveloped
land comprises approximately 19.3 percent.

Within Corporate Limits
Approximate
Average
Number Acreage Total
I arri 11c a of Ilni to Dnf. Ilni+ Ar v.e»
SOJTHPOP-7 EXISTING LAND USE
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Total Acreage
Approximate
Average Average
Number Acreage Total Number Acreage Total
D­n..+­ -F +rD., II., + A- ❑- _r Ii-,a... n,. 11-24,.
Pemanent
Single Family
?�id4ntial
850
.43
365.71
29.44
1:2
.65
72.54
3.02
�
962
.46
438.25
--
12.04
P�, .anent Multi
ly
?e:iden tial
42
:.20
8.34
.69
0
0
0
0
42
.20
8.34
.23
I'lvbile Haines
18
.26
4.62
.37
47
.21
10.03
.42
65
.23
14.65
.40
Coarercia1
76
.36
27.62
2.22
9
10.53
94.76
3.95
85
1.44
122.38
3.36
Iladustry _
1
20.09
20.09
1.62
1
685.38
685.38
28.58
2
352.74
705.47
19.38
Mice
22
.35
7.60
.61
3
2.71
8.12
.34
25
.63
15.72
.43
Recreation
6
1.15
6.88
.55
1
1.02
1.02
.04
7
1.13
7.90
.22
Trans.,Commun.
& Utilities
8
23.58
188.61
15.18
4
82.38
329.51
13.74
12
43.18
518.12
14.23
Public Institution28
.70
19.50
1.57
1
5.14
5.14
.21
29
.85
24.64
.68
Private Institu.
4
2.31
9.22
.74
0
0
0
0
4
2.31
9.22
.25
Agric.,Forestry,
& Fisheries
6
35.70
214.17
17.24
1
857.44
857.44
35.75
7
153.09
1071.61
29.43
SUBTOTAL
1061
.82
872.36
70.251Z
178
11.60
2063.94
86.05%
1240
2.37
2936.30
80.65%
Undeveloped
NA
NA
369.84
29.75o
NA
NA
334.46
13.95i0
NA
NA
-704.30
'19.35%
TOTAL
1061
1.17
1242.20
100.00011
178
13.47
2398.40
100.00%
1240
2.94
3640.60
100.00%
Ol

2. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
The population and economic trends from 1976 to 1980 appear to be much the
same. as those from 19/0 to 1975. The Southport area has experienced unpara-
lelled population and economic growth, but it is difficult to measure the long-
term.impacts of the development which have occurred. Benefits have accrued,
including increased tax base to support governmental services. However, this
growth can cause unmanageable consequences in terms of increased school enroll-
ments, unmet health care needs, traffic congestion, spiraling demand for police
and fire protection; increased social services demand, unavailable recreation
facilities, and continued demand for water and sewer services.
a. Development Trends Within Land Use Categories
Residential
Population growth in the Southport area., has increased community demand for
"low density sprawl." Low density sprawl is'defined as the entire community
consisting of single family homes, 75 percent sited in a traditional grid pattern
and the rest-cluste red. Neighborhoods are.in a leap frog pattern with little
continuity. As indicated by the land use survey, Southport clearly exemplifies
the pattern. The pattern,not only appears in the city, but is also occurring
out in the extraterritorial planning area with continued single family.dwelling
development in random areas. When compared to other patterns such as mu.lti-
family or mixed developments, sprawl has proven to be less efficient. The over-
all cost to the neighborhood or. community is significantly more for operating and
maintenance costs, water pollution generation, energy consumption, land utiliza-
tion, water consumption, and capital costs. The existing Southport sewage.treat-
ment services will.be particularly affected by continued growth and service
demands since the plant is presently operating at near full capacity. It is
essential that Southport begin to make decisions on how best to provide such ser-
vice for the projected population growth. It is also important for Southport to
guide the growth and development into areas where services are already provided
or planned,for reasons of efficiency and.economy.
A factor in sprawl patterns, strip development is also-orcurring along the
major thoroughfares, particularly in the extraterritorial area. This threatens
to "land lock" quantities of desirable land located behind the roads and
increases the possibility of future blight of houses presently being built along
these roads. Another -consequence of strip.development is the necessity of connect-
ing driveways along major thoroughfares. Numerous individual driveways decrease
the utility of the road and increase the danger to residents and motoring public.
In particular, along J abbertown Road and -Moore Street extension, residential
development has occurred as opposed to the development of available residentially
zoned land located within the city limits. The aging solution to this trend--
annexation --only .perpetuates the problem.
New mobile homes in Southport are presently allowed only to locate in mobile
home parks outside the city limits within the extraterritorial jurisdiction. There
are existing mobile homes scattered within the city limits which are non -conforming
uses..
27'

Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries
The loss of land in this category to urban land use develop-
ment is.a predominent trend throughout the County and the Country.
Since extreme losses are concerns nation-wide, Southport should monitor
closely any changing land uses in its jurisdiction.
Owing to recent economic development pressure and urban sprawl,
this category is.likely to experience the greatest transformation
in the future. Land that is owned by individual property owners
but not forest product companies is more succeptable to this pressure.
Thus, it is important that agricultural and forestland conversion
to urban land be given careful review.so that new uses will be
compatible. An example is best illustrated by the construction
of the Pfizer plant which was previously an area of agriculture
and forestry. These "pressures" will be exerted to develop lands
between Pfizer and Southport, thereby contributing to further
urban sprawl and inefficient utility service.
Transportation, Communication and Utilities; Public Institutions;
vale ins
on s
The substantial population growth in the Southport area during
the past decade has increased demand for public and private facili-
ties and services. More demands are made of the government insti-
tutions; schools, organizations, churches, nursing and health care
centers. As residential and commercial development continues,
police andfiire protection must increase as well as water and sewage
facilities.
Currently, the most pressing problem Southport will face with
population growth is an overload for the existing sewage treatment
facility. It is currently operating at near full capacity. The
sewage system operating in Southport will have to be improved upon
with the prospect of increased demand.
Other facilities and services are discussed in the Assessment
of Southport's.Past Land Use Plan secton of this Plan as well as
in the Facilities section.
b. Land Use Compatability Problems
Many possible land use compatability problems in Southport
have been avoided through the adoption and enforcement of the Southport
Zoning Ordinance and map.
However, within the districts established by the Ordinance,
there may exist structures and uses of land and structures which
were lawful before the Ordinance was adopted but which would since
be prohihited, regulated, or restricted under the terms of the Ordinance.
r:

The Ordinance permits these nonconformities to continue, but in no
case expand except that a nonconforming use may be granted a variance
upon application to the Southport Board of Adjustment.
Some land use compatability problems may arise if the City
extends its boundaries to the northwest toward the Brunswick County
Airport. Currently, the Southport Zoning Ordinance limits all
structures to a height of 50 feet. In order to avoid conflicts
with local air traffic, this regulation should be,enforced, and
amended if necessary as the Airport Commission recommends.
c. Major Problems Resultinq From Unplanned Development
Southport has undergone a significant amount of development
since 1975, with a large number of new dwelling units and a large
population increase. Until the adoption of the Southport Zoning
Ordinance in the early 1970's, this growth occurred without regula-
tion_or proper planning. As a result, Southport has some land
use problems.
One problem, strip commercial development has occurred with
improper designs on Rt. 211. Commercial development in this area
has occurred in some instances without adequate setbacks, without
properly designed egress and ingress and without adequate off-
street parking. Strip commercial development is also an inefficient,
uneconomical method of providing facilities. Also, involved in this
problem has been the detrimental affect this outlying commercial
development has had upon Southport's central business.district
and waterfront area. This issue is addressed in the Downtown
Revitalization Plan for Southport, 1979.
Another problem that has.resulted from unplanned development
is the existance of a large number of small and inadequate lot
sizes.. The lots have occurred when there are great development
pressures on the City.
29

w.

C. CURRENT LAND USE REGULATIONS
1. SOUTHPORT LOCAL LAND USE CONTROLS
(a) Zoning Ordinance - The city of Southport has an adopted
Zoning Ordinance and accompanying map. The Planning and
Zoning Commissions of Southport have divided the City into
districts and prepared regulations pertaining to such
districts with a land development plan designed to lessen
congestion in the streets; to provide adequate light and air;
to prevent the overcrowding of land; to secure safety from
fire, panic, and other dangers; to facilitate the adequate
provision of transportation, water,'sewerage, schools, parks,
and other public requiremtnts; to promote health and the general
welfare. The Planning and Zoning Commission has the authority of
the Zoning Ordinance. The regulations of the Ordinance are appli-
cable not only within the corporate limits of the City, but also
within the one mile extraterritorial jurisdiction..
(b) Subdivision Ordinance - The City of Southport adopted a set of
subdivision regu ations on August 24, 1970. The purpose of the
Ordinance is to regulate the subdivision of land with the corporate
limits. of the City and its extraterritorial planning area in order
to preserve the public health, safety, and welfare. The regulations
are designed to insure an adequately planned.street system and to
avoid sharp curves, hazardous intersections, to avoid overcrowding
of the land and extreme concentration of the population; to secure
safety from fire, panic and other dangers; to provide for adequate
water and sewage systems, schools, parks and playgrounds; to facili-
tate and to insure the proper legal description and monumenting of
subdivided land; and to provide for the re -subdivision of large land
parcels.
(c) Building Codes - The City of Southport is presently enforcing the
State Building Code. The City building inspector enforces the Build-
ing Code and is responsible for the issuing of building permits and
performing inspections to insure compatability of construction with
the code.
(d) Land Use Plan - Southport has an adopted Land Use Plan, 1975, and
is in the process of updating it. On the municipal level, the Land
Use Plan may be used in day to day business and in planning for the
future. Oftentimes, the land use plan guides in local policy decisions
relating to overall community development. The plans also provide
the basis for development regulations and capital.facility planning
and budgeting. By delineating how the community wishes to grow, the
land use plans helps to assure the best use of tax dollars as public
utilities can be extended to the best areas for growth.
31

STATE AND FEDERAL CONTROLS
This section lists.some of the land use controls superimposed by,
State and Federal government. State agencies concerned in this report
are the N.C. Department of Natural Resources and Community Development,
The N.C. Department of Administration, the N.C. Department of Human
Resources and the N.C. Department of Cultural Resources. The reader is
advised this is not an all-inclusive listing of the controls of these.
particular departments, and that other departments or commissions of
state government.also have direct authorities or controls impacting land
use.
Those federal agencies over which some of their controls are listed
include the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Transpor-
tation, the U.S. Department of the Interior, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
6
32

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPI"ENT
(DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT)
THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
(OFFICE OF COASTAL MANAGEMENTij
STATE CONTROLS
-Permits to discharge to surface
waters or operate waste water
treatment plants or oil discharge
permits; NPDES Permits, (G.S. 143
215)
-Permits for septic tanks with a
capacity over 3000 gallons/day
(G.S. 143-215.3).
Permits for withdrawal of surface
or ground waters in capacity use
areas (G.S. 143-215.15).
-Permits for air pollution abate-
ment facilities and sources
(G.S. 143-215.108).
-Permits for construction of com-
plex sources; e.g. parking lots,
subdivisions, stadiums, etc.
(G.S. 143-215.109).
Ijermits for construction of a well
uver 100,00 gallons/day (G.S. 87-88).
-Permits to dredge and/or fill in
estuarine waters, tidelands, etc.
(G.S. 113-229).
-Permits to undertake development
in Areas of Environmental Concern
(G.S. 113A-118).
NOTE: Minor C.A.H.A development
permits are issued by local
governments.
33

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL'RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
(DIVISION OF EARTH RESOURCES)
STATE CONTROLS
-Permi is 'to alter or construct a
diiin (G.S. 14j-215. 66) .
-Permits to mine (G..S. 74-51 ).
-Permits to drill an exploratory
oil or gas well. (G.S. 113-381).
-Permits to conduct geographical
exploration (G.S. 113-391).
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT -
(SECRETARY OF NRCD)
STATE CONTROLS
-Sedimentation erosion -control
plans for any land disturbing
activity of over one.contiguous
acre (G.S. 113A-54):
-Permits to construct an oil refinery.
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION
STATE CONTROLS
Easements to fill where lands are..
proposed to be raised above the
normal high water mark of navigable
waters by filling (G.S. 146,6(c)).
34

DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
STATE CONTROLS
-Approval to operate a solid waste
disposal site or facility*
(G.S. 130-166.16).
-Approval for construction of any
public water supply facility that
furnishes water to 15 or more
year-round residences or 25 or
more year-round residents.
DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES
(DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY)
FEDERAL
-National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
-The Archeological and Historic Preservation Act
of 1974, Public Law 93-291
-Executive Order 11593, Protection and Enhancement
of the Cultural Environment, 16 U.S.C. 470
(Supp. 1, 1971
-National Environmental Policy Act, Public Law
01-190, 42 U.S.C. 4321 F.L. Sep. (1970)
-Community Development Act of 1974, Public Law
93-1-183: Environmental Review Procedures for
the Community Development Block Grant Program
(40 CFR Part 58)
-Procedures for the Protection of Historic and
Cultural Properties (36 CFR Part 800)
-Comprehensive Planning Assistance Program (701)
as Amended by Public Law 93-393
-The Department of Transportation Act of 1966,
Public Law 89-670
Identification and Administration of Cultural
Resources: Procedures of Individual Federal
• Agencies
35

STATE
-G.S. 12.1-12 (a) Protect -Ion of Properties in the
National Register
-State Environmental. Policy Act, Article 1 of `
chapter 113A of the General Statutes
-Executive Order XVI
-Indian Antiquities, G.S. 70.1-4
-Salvage of Abandoned Shipwreck and other
Underwater ARcheological Sites: G.S. 121-22,
23; 143B-62(1) g, (3)
-Archeological Salvage in Highway Construction,
G.S. 136-42.1
-Provisions for Cultural Resources in Dredging and
illing Operations, G.S. 113-229
,36

f-
ARMY CORPS OF-ENGINNERS
(DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE)
FEDERAL CONTROLS
-Permits required under Sections 9 and 10 of
the Rivers and Harbors of 1899; permits to
construct in navigable waters.
-Permits required under Section 103 of the
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries
Act of 1972.
-Permits required under Section 404 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of.1972;
permits to undertake dredging and/or filling
activities.
COAST GUARD'
(DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION)
THE.GEOLOGTCAL SURVEY BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
. (DEPARTMENT OF.INTERIOR)
FEDERAL CONTROLS
-Permits for bridges, causeways, pipelines over
navigable waters; required under the General
Bridge Act of '1946 and the Rivers and Harbors
Act of 1899.
-Deep water port permits
-Permits required for off -shore drilling.
-Approvals of OCS pipeline corridor rights -of -way.
NUCLEAR REGULATORY C014MISSION
FEDERAL CONTROLS
Licenses for siting, construction and operation
of nuclear power plants; required under the Atomic
Energy Act of -1954 and Title II of the Energy
Reorganization Act of 1974
37

FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
FEDERAL CONTROLS
-Permits for construction, operations and
maintenance of interstate pipelines facilities
-required under the Natural Gas Act of 1974.
-Orders of interconnection of electric trans-
mission facilities under Section 202(b) of
the Federal Power Act.
-Permission required for abandonment of
natural gas pipeline and associated
facilities under Section 7C (.b) of the
Natural Gas Act of 1938.
-Licenses for non-federal hydroelectric
projects and associated transmission lines.
under Sections 4 and 15 of the Federal
.Power Act.
38

D. ASSESSMENT OF PAST LAND USE PLAN
In 1976, the Board of Aldermen of the City of ,Southport adopted
a land use plan to guide the growth and development of the City
in the years to come. A major objective of this update plan is the
assessment of that previous plan's effectiveness and implementation.
The following is a list of major issues for which goal and
objective statements were made in the plan. In the text which
' - follows,each issue is discussed in terms of its existing conditions,
changes since 1976,and future outlook.
1. Introduction
2. City Administration
A. Full time management
B. Recreation Director
C. Dog Ordinance
3. Natural Resources
. A. CAMA Enforcement
B. A.E.C.'s
C. Flood Insurance
4. Growth and Development
A. Condensed Growth
B. Recreation
C. Services and Facilities
1. Boat Access
2. Dosher Hospital
3. Capital Improvement Plan
4. Programs for the Elderly,
5. Fire Protection
D. Industrial Development
5. Housing
A. Rehabilitation
B. Assisted Housing
C. Mobile Home Zoning
6. Transportation
A'. Thoroughfare Plan
B. Residential Development Plans
7. Character Preservation
A. Appearance Commission
B. Information Center - Museum
C. Southport - Brunswick County Historic District Commission
D. Harbor Preservation
39.

1. INTRODUCTION
.The identification of major issues and problems in a community
is'an important part of the land use planning process. It involves
listing problems/.issues, identifying associated conditions;.and
specifying likely causes of these conditions. From such analysis,
goals and objectives can be stated which address the specific
problems/issues. And from stated goals and objectives, land use
policies and strategies for achieving the goals and objectives can
be established. Implementation.of the policies and strategies will
depend on the means which the community possesses. The primary
means include a zoning ordinance, subdivision regulations, and a
capital improvements budget.
In doing an update of a;previous land use plan, it is necessary
to assess and analyze past Problems/issues, goals, objectives,
policies, and strategies. In such analysis, problems/issues which
no -longer exist can be identified and eliminated in the updated plan.
Achievement of goals and objectives is noted and the update is
modified. Any items which have not been eliminated or achieved can
be assessed for progress or reasons why the problems/issues still
exist or the goals have not been achieved. An assessment and
analysis of past problems/issues in the 1976 Land Use Plan for
Southport is included in the following text.
x.
40

2. CITY ADMINISTRATION
A. Full Time Management
An objective of the 1976 Land Use Plan was to "employ full-time
qualified personnel in order to improve the city's management capa-
bility". Since the City has,had (since 1960) and continues to have
a full time City -.Manager, this objective is irrelevant.
B. Recreation Director
In the 1976 Southport Land Use Plan, one administration objec-
tive was to employ a full-time recreational director. A full-time
director was appointed in 1976. The full-time status of -a recreational
director has been of great benefit to Southport's recreational program.
Since that time.there has been significant progress in Southport's
recreational facilities and programs.
41

3. NATURAL RESOURCES
A. Coastal Area Management Act Enforcement
The CAMA permit process began March 1, 1978, throughout the
entire coastal area of North Carolina. After that date, any
development in an area of environmental 'concern has required a permit.
The permitting -process is divided into two, classes: major permits
for large-scale developments ,and'minor permits for houses and
other small structures. The major permitting process is adminis-
tered by the Horth Carolina Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development. The minor permitting process is admins-
tered locally by the Southport Building Inspector.
B. Areas of Environmental Concern
The Coastal Resources Commission established fragile areas
along the North Carolina Coast called Areas of Environmental
Concern. It is in the AEC's that CAMA permits are necessary
in order to construct or build. !Areas of Environmental Concern
in Southport include coastal wetlands, estuarine and river -
erodible areas, and areas subject to public rights.
C." Federal Flood Insurance Program
Southport adopted a Flood Plain Protection and Management
Ordinance in 1976 as part of the requirements for residents to
qualify for federally subsidized Flood Insurance. Southport is
covered under the regular program as opposed to the emergency
program which has higher policy rates.
42

4. GRO14TH AND DEVELOPMENT
A. Condensed Growth
Another objective of the 1976 Southport Land Use Plan was to
encourage development within the existing corporate limits and
avoid "urban sprawl".
r This objective was addressed by the 1973 Southport Zoning
Ordinance with the establishment and positioning of the RA-20,
R-1, and R-2 zones. RA-20 is defined as a low -density residential.
and agricultural district. The R-1 District is defined as single-
family and two-family residential. The R-2 District permits the
development of multi -family dwellings.
11 It was hoped that a percentage of the new growth would occur
in the developed -land class (where water and sewer service exists,
and the density is already 4.5 persons per.acre). In 1975,
undeveloped land within the city limits accounted for 120 acres.
It was suggested that fifty percent of this land should be used
for new growth.
The Southport Zoning Ordinance designated these areas within
the city limits as R-1 and R-2 Districts. Zoning the land within
• the city at these higher densities promotes the development of
land within the city limits first.
The RA-20 District, the Transition land class was allocated
to the 109 acres beyond the city limits near areas already devel-.
oped, principally along N. Howe Street where a two-inch water
line was placed in the early 70's. The regulation of this district
is intended (1) to insure that residential developments not having
access to public water supplies and dependent upon septic tanks
for sewage disposal will occur at sufficiently low densities to
insure a healthful environment and (2) to protect agricultural and
residential areas from an influx of incompatible uses which -would
render such areas undesirable for farms and future development.
The.minimum required lot -areas for this district are 20,000 sq. ft.
(without public water and sewer) or 15,000 sq, ft. (with either
public water.or.public sewer).
This' -Southport Land Use Plan Update is another.tool which will
guide the growth patterns of the city. Included in the Update is
a detailed.Land Classification System. It designates industrial,
commercial, residential,=and recreational areas in an effort to
guide development patterns.
B. Recreation
Since 1976, Southport has added a great deal to its recreation
facilities. Since that time a little league field, -a multi -use -
basketball court, a mini -park, and two tennis courts have been
developed.
43 . .

An objective of the -past plan was to acquire property for a
waterfront park. This has been done and a grant for the park's
development has been secured
of Community Development and Natural Resources.
C.- Services and Facilities
1. Boat Access
Boat access has been a major issue in the Southport `
-area..for a number of years.
The new harbor facility constructed by the State contains
.two boat ramps which.have been an issue of concern because.of
the fee charged for their use. These are the only boat ramps
presently in Southport. Since the harbor facilities were
built with State tax money, the fee for use of.the ramps has
been vigorously protested.
2. Dosher Hospital
In 1975, many citizens of Southport were concerned about.
the possible loss of Dosher Hospital. In was feared that
the development of a County hospital in Supply would force
the closing of Dosher Hospital..
In 1977, County funds were withdrawn from Dosher to
support the new County hospital. Dosher Hospital remained
operating only through a special assessment in Smithville
Township of an extra 4 cents per $100 valuation. This
revenue also allowed the new addition to be constructed.
Because of the support.of the people of Southport and
surrounding Smithville Township, Dosher will remain an
integral part of the Southport economy.
3. Capital Imarovements
Another objective of the 1976 Southport Land Use Plan was
to implement the recommendations of Community Facilities Plan,
Public Improvement Program, and Capital Improvement Budget,
Southport, NC 1974.
44

The following is a list of those Capital Improvements
Proposed and those actually.implemented during the fiscal.
year 1978-1979.
Proposed Implemented
Fire Department
. 10 Horse Power Fire Siren 10 Horse Power Fire Siren
. 1,000 ft. Double -Jacket 2,500 ft. Double -Jacket
. 2 1/2" Fire Hose 2 1/2 " Fire Hose
. Rescue Equipment Rescue Equipment
. Utility Truck Utility Truck
Police Department
. 7 New Automobiles ..1 State Automobile
(Normal Replacement) and.1 other automobile
City Administration
City Hall Remodeling- Some Remodeling
(Moved to New Building)
Water System
. Water Line Extension Water Line Extension .
to all areas.
4. Pro4rams for the Elderl
The 1976 Southport Land Use Plan addressed the issue of programs
for the elderly. In the over-65 population category, Southport
averaged 12.9% versus the State average fo 8.1 %. The predominant
factor for the higher percentage in Southport is the attractiveness
of Southport as a retirement community. For this reason, it was felt
that future policies and programs should increasingly take the elderly
into account.
There is a senior Citizens Center in Southport which is located
in the old marineology building. It offers a common meeting place.for.
socializing as well as free meals, movies, various table games, and
table tennis. A bowling team has also been organized for Southport's
senior citizens and is just now getting started. -
A second Senior Citizens Center which is available to the elderly
of Southport is the center recently opened in Shallotte. It offers
free meals as well , a wide variety of recreational opportunities, and
transportation.services to the center.- It is hoped that the center will
eventually provide information and guidance services as well-. .

The elderly of Southport represent 12.1% of the Brunswick
County population.. Using this percentage, the following is a
list of estimated needs assessment for the elderly of Southport
based upon a needs assessment of Brunswick County elderly,
December 1975. The study was done for the State 201 Facilities
Plan, 1975.

BRUNSWICK COUNTY
NEEDS.ASSESSMENT: Age 60 and Over, December 15,.1975
N E E D
SEX
TOTAL
�•1 F
R A C E
—
AGE CROUPS
White
Non -White
60-64
65-69
70-74
75 N Over
I. Information & Referral
45 ( 46
45
53 39
40
43
33
50
2. Trans ortation & Escort Ser.
52 54
48
56 43
33
52
56
75
3. Counseling(
11 13
10
3 16
13
14
11
' 0
4. Le al Services
19 i 19
18
13
21
20
29
22
i 0
5. In=Home Services
44
! 31
58
50
I 39
33
43
33
1 25
6. Recreation Services
26
15
18
31
20
33
24
11
0
7. Continuing Adult Education
13
17
10
.6
16
27
10
22
': 25
8. Employment Services
6
10
0
3
7
27
0
0
0
9. Outreach Services
20
13
30
25
'18
27
14
0
25
10. Housing Assistance
24
23
25
6
34
20
33
78
25
11. Health Services
27
27
�28
38
21
7
19
11
25
12. Nutrition Services
18
25
13 1
16
18
20
19
.22 1
50
All numbers are percentages based upon the frequency the.need was .identified as one of'the-.three•greatest
individual needs.

The elderly of._Southport are also inc'luded in an in -home
services program provided by.the-County. These needs are not always
being provided through institutional type care. In aneffort to meet-
these-needs,'the County, State, and local service organizations have
in the past implemented in -home services. An inventory report for
fiscal year 1979-1980 documented the need for continuing these services
and projected the in -home services to be provided and the number of ..
people to be served during fiscal.years '81, 182, '83. The in -home
services to be provided are included in the following list. The number
of people over 60 years of age who will be.in need throughout the next _
three years is projected to be 386 in 1981, 403 in 1982, and 420 in 1983.
In -Home Services
Adult day care, transportation
Chore. services
Homemaker, adjustment training service
Housing and home improvements
Casework, counseling
Provide basic appliance
Labor, or material
Preparation and delivery of meals
Home delivery - congregate
Home health nursing, aide
Physical therapy
Speech therapy
Occupational therapy
Medical
Social Work
Nutrition
5. Fire Protection
Another objective of the 1976 Southport Land Use Plan was to improve
fire protection service by acquiring a Class 7 rating. Although South-
port presently,has a Class 8 rating, the fire department was inspected
in July of 1980-for a Class 7 rating.
Interest still continues in the Class 7 rating because -of the improve-
ment in fire protection services necessary to obtain the rating and because
of the reduction in fire insurance rates it brings.
The rating system is not entirely based on specific requirements, but
rather on subjective scales of.improvement within the city's fire services.
EN

It would seem that
capital funds for
according to local
a Class 7 ruing.
Southport would need to outlay significant
improvement in their fire protection services
priori.ties,'standards, and requirements for.
D. Industrial Development
The jobs and tax base provided by business and industry are
essential for the viability of any city. Southport has benefited
in the last several years from the location of. Pfizer and CP&L near
the city. Unfortunately neither pay taxes to Southport because
they are outside the city limits. Southport lost its major employer
in 1978 when the Brunswick County offices moved from Moore Street
to the Brunswick County Government Center near Bolivia.
Southport could benefit from additional small industrial and
commercial development. The city needs a larger tax base in order
to keep the tax rate low and provide essential services to its
citizens. Jobs are also needed to retain and attract the younger
generations, so that Southport's young do not have to leave South-
port to find work.
One major possibility for Southport is the development of a
seafood industrial park. The North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development has conducted a study to
determine the feasibility of a seafood industrial park in Brunswick
County. Three locations within the County have been evaluated for
this industrial nark. The best location was determined.to be the
area nearthe State Boat Harhor. In addition to -ample land there
are existing water and sewer services The study determined that
presently not enough fish are landed within the County to make the
seafood industrial park profitable, but within 5 to 8 years there
could be. Also the studv did.not calculate the amount of fish
that miaht-be brought to the industrial park from outside Brunswick
County. The establishment of a large scale stable purchaser of
seafood within the County would attract more fishermen to the area
and thereby increase the catches.
The County or City could develop and operate the industrial
;park and subsidize its operation for the early years'. Building
space would be rented or leased to seafood processing companies.
Once the seafood industrial park had operated for several years it
should -become self -sufficient. -
The seafood industrial park would benefit the City and County in
several ways. First; it would expand the commercial fishing industry
in Brunswick County.with its main base in Southport: Secondly, it
would provide jobs, especially for low -skilled persons which make
up the vast majority,of the County's unemployed. The seafood
industrial park would also be a revitalization force in Southport.
49-

The 1975.Southport Land Use.Plan suggested that the area just
northeast of the City limits would -provide an excellent development
site for future.industrial activity. A portion of this area has
been proposed for the site of the Southeast Regional wastewater treat-
ment plant. The location of wastewater treatment facilities is governed
by many factors, but those considered most important in -the Southport
situation -are proximity to.wastewater source, size and nature of poten-
tial receiving stream, and availability of a suitable site. Industry .
and business are likely to be attracted to the area once sewage treatment
capacity is available via a new wastewater treatment facility.
50

5. HOUSING
A. Rehabilitation
Southport contains a -high number of -substandard houses. Of
the 907 dwelling units in Southport, approximately 145 or-15.99%
are in substandard condition. Many of these units are beyond
repair, and in order -to prevent endangering the safety and wel-
fare of the citizens of Southport, need to be demolished. The
city of Southport has provided funds to be used for demolition'
of deteriorated houses and is actively pursuing this program by
,assessing the home owners. The City is also applying for a Com-
munity Development Block Grant for rehabilitation of 62 units and
demolition of 8 additional units.
B. Assisted Housing
The low income residents of Southport are also provided
housing assistance through the Brunswick County Public Housing
Department's Section 8 existing housing program. Presently,
there. are 25 households in Southport receiving this rent subsidy.
C. Lot Zoning for Mobile Homes
New mobile homes in Southport are presently allowed only to
be located in Mobile Home Parks in the RA-20 zone. The RA-20
.only occurs within the extraterritorial jurisdiction outside the
city limits.
There are existing mobile homes scattered within the city
limits which are non -conforming uses. According to a 1978 amend-
ment to the zoning ordinance; owners of these mobile hones are
permitted to replace these with new mobile homes so long as they
conform to existing setback restrictions.
The objective of establishing a zone where mobile homes are
permitted on an individual lot has not been fulfilled. Newly
located -mobiles are permitted only ,in parks of 3 acres or more
This has the effect of limiting mobile home development and
insuring that when it occurs it is done in a well -planned manner.
Article VII Mobile Home Park Regulations of the Southport Zoning
Ordinance requires that mobile home parks be provided with off
street parking,.200 square feet of recreation space per mobile
home, interior roads, and a buffer zone.
These amenities increase the livability and acceptance of
mobile homes near.established neighborhoods. Allowinq mobile
homes to be Placed. on individual 'lots will eliminate7 these amenities.
ments for these amenities.'
51

6. TRANSPORTATION
A. Thoroughfare Plan
A goal of the 1976 Southport Land Use Plan was to promote
accessibility and safety in area transportation. One objective
under this goal was to mutually adopt a detailed thoroughfare
plan with the N.C. Transportation Board.
A Thoroughfare Plan was adopted by the County in 1977. Major
roads of Southport and the Southport vicinity were included in the
Thoroughfare Plan. Also prior to this, Southport adopted a thorough-
fare plan for just the City, dated 11-20-69. The overall major goal
of these plans was to assure that the road system was adequately
developed to serve future transportation needs. .The objectives under
this goal were
1. Develop short range, high priority rights -of -way
2. Develop priorities -for County road improvements
3. Develop priorities for new road construction
4. Develop association between adopted land use plan
and.transit priorities
The proposed improvements in the plan in the Southport"planning
area are:
SHORT RANGE --Upgrade North Carolina 211 from Southport to SR
1500 to design capacity of 3,000 vehicles per day, widen existing
two-lane road, increase shoulders,..and resurface.
LONG RANGE --Construct a major East-West link along Brunswick
County's`barrier island beaches.. This proposal is paralled to the
State's 1990 functional plan. The East-West link will begin.at-
North Carolina 133 Yaupon Beacn, upgrade Oak Island.Drive to a
major collector to the end of Oak Island, and construct a bridge
linking Long Beach with SR 119 across Lockwoods Folly Inlet. From
there continue the major collector to NC 130, follow NC 130 to SR
1139,-to SR 1137, to SR 1138. At this point, construct a bridge
from the end of SR 1138 to Little Beach across the Shallotte Inlet.
From there continue the major collector on SR 1155 to SR 1156, to
NC 904 in Gause Landing. Then follow NC 904 to SR 1163 and on to
SC state line. Keep in to continue in some manner to Southport, .
rather than stop at Yaupon Beach.
* On Sept. 17, 1980, the Brunswick_ County Planning Board declared
the 1977 Thoroughfare Plan an out-of-date instrument and deter-
mined to update same with work in progress towards updating the
County Land Use Plan.
52

R. Residential Development Plans
Southport has two effective tools they can use to successfully
jnplement the plans.
The first tool is subdivision regulations. The City Planning
Poard has the opportunity to insure that proposed street plans con-
form with the street plan.
The second tool is zoning regulations. Zoning regulations, along
with the adopted Land Use Plan, can be used to insure appropriate
development along roads and highways.. The zoning ordinance can improve
highway safety by requiring sufficient setbacks for buildings, by pro-
viding adequate sight distances, and by.providing for off-street parking.

-7. CHARACTER PRESERVATION
A. Appearance,Commission
Another objective of the 1.976 Southport Land Use Plan -was to
establish an Appearance Commission to preserve the community's
aesthetic quality,with authority to review architectural plans in
accordance.with GS 160A-451.
The city established a community Appearance Commission and it
.the power to review architectural plans. Their review power is not
legally founded. Hm%lever, they are recognized community -wide as
having a great deal of influence. There have been a few instances
of objections voiced by the Appearance Commission. In each instance
the advice of -the Commission was followed.
-The Commission appears to have been a great influence in main-
taining community aesthetics.. It is hoped that they shall continue
to be -a great influence in future projects. There are -also several
sites within the community that should be rehabilitated or removed.
It would be beneficial if the Appearance Commission would act to
advise`on.this issue also.
B. Information Center
Another objective of the 1976 Southport Land Use Plan was to
promote the history and heritage of the community'by organizing and
sponsoring an information center.
In Southport there are two centers which have served as Community -
Information Centers. One is the Southport/Brunswick County Public
Library, the other is the Southport/Oak Island Chamber of Commerce.
The library serves as a meeting .place for many clubs and offers
a variety of children's programs. In additio n.,. they also have
several display cases for local exhibits and a large section of North
Carolina information
The Southport/Oak`Island Chamber of Commerce offers information
on local businesses, institutions, recreational facilities, and speci-
fic local points of interest.
Both centers have met this objective of the Southport 1976 Land
Use Plan. It is hoped that these centers will continue to expand
their programs to meet Southport's growing needs.
C. Southport -Brunswick County.H.istoric District Commission
One objective of the Southport 1976 Land Use Plan was to cooperate
with the County in the establishment of a Southport -Brunswick County -
Historic District Commission.
.54

Such,a Commission was established in 1976. The purpose of this
Commission was to designate -historic sites and to protect existing
historic sites. Serving on the Commission were three members from
Southport and three from the County. Unfortunately, the Commission
only met. once and there -was very little interest in attendance or
Purpose.
Obviously ,this objective has not been met satisfactorily. This
objective needs to be reviewed for current validity.
A book was published in 1978, entitled"The History of Brunswick
County, North Carolina". The Book was the project of the Brunswick
County American Revolution Bicentennial Committee, of which Jack
Fairley of Southport was chairman. Dr. Lawrence Lee, history professor
at the Citadel, was the author of the book.
An inventory of historical -sites in Southport for the nominationof
a National Register Historic District was recently completed and
approved for nomination by the State Professional Review Committee.
The establishment in Southport of a National Register Historic
District would be an important commercial asset for the city. A list
of locally recognized historic sites is provided in the Plan text
under Fragile Areas.
D.: Waterfront Preservation
The waterfront adds much to the character and appeal of Southport.
The townspeople recognized this fact and in the 1976 Land Use Plan
.stated as one of their goals the preservation of the existing charac-
ter of a "small fishing village". Besides preserving the waterfront,
clean-up and development of business is the key to preservation and
redevelopment of the waterfront. It will produce jobs and strengthen
the economy of the Southport area,
Over the past several years, Southport has begun the tasks
necessary to preserve and redevelop the. waterfront. In September,
1979, the Board of Aldermen adopted the Southport Downtown and
Waterfront Revitalization Plan. This plan suggested basic steps
that might improve the visual appearance of the waterfront. What is
needed now are means to carry out the improvements such as public.
funding, regulation, and private investment.
The City also recently completed work on improving the City pier
in the Old Boat Harbor. This will attract additional seasonal
visitors, thus strenghtening the economy. The Waterfront Park is
another step Southport is taking to implement the goal of Waterfront
preservation and improvement.
55

PART If
CONSTRAINTS
TO
DEVELOPMENT

PART II
CONSTRAINTS TO -DEVELOPMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
'A. LAND SUITABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 58
1. Soil Suitability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . .
. 60
Soil Conditions
60
Soils and Suitability
61
Soil Suitability Acreage (chart)
65
" Suitabili.ty Map
65a
Soils Map
65b
2. Fragile Areas . . . . . . . . . . .
66
Coastal Wetlands
66
Estuarine Waters
67
Estuarine and River Erodible Areas
68
Areas Subject to Public Rights
68
Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
68
Development Standards Applicable to all AEC's
74
B. COMMUNITY CAPACITY.
.75
1. Facilities
75
Water - System
75
Water Supply -Hydrology
75
Sewage Facilities
76
Transportation Facilities
78
Health Services and Facilities
79
Senior Citizen Facilities and Services
79
Police Protection
79
Fire Protection
80
Recreation Facilities
80
Education Facilities
80
Refuse Collection
81
Other
81
Facilities Map
81
2. Population Projections . . . . . . . . . . .
. .82
Chart
83
3. Estimated Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .84
Water Facilities Capacity
84
Sewage Facilities Capacity
85
Developable Lands
85
57

A. LAND SUITABILITY
An analysis was made to determine the suitability for
development of all undeveloped lands in Southport.
This consisted of three major mapping schemes which are as
follows:
1) Soil limitations and productive lands
2) Lands with severe restrictions for development .
3) Land suitability
These three schemes were analyzed and -mapped, based upon
the best information. available. The major purpose of this
analysis was to identify those areas in the Southport planning
area that have major constraints on development and to .s o1icit
public opinion on these constraints and opportunities
before the Land Classifications maps were drawn.
1). The first scheme deals with the general soil conditions in
Southport and how the natural soil properties present certain
restrictions on development.
2). The second scheme further separate soil conditions
for those areas where septic tanks will not funciton and
development should not occur unless public sewer service
is available. This mapping unit combines those soil as-
sociations which are sandy, poorly drained, and have rela-
tively high water tables. Included in this analysis are
those areas where septic tanks function but where deep
sands have fast percolation rates causing contamination
of nearby water wells. Since this pollution: problem has
a high probability of occuring, development within these
areas should not occur unless either public water or sewer
systems are available. Essentially these areas will be
water quality -limited areas if present patterns of growth
and development continue
The other division illustrates lands within the City where
no development should be allowed. These include a) coastal
wetlands; b). ocean beaches;-c) frontal dunes -and d) fresh
water marshes. All of these soil types were given very severe
soil ratings and are not further distinguished from one another
on the soils map.
3). The last analysis scheme deals with land suitability showing
those areas where future growth should not be programmed to
occur because of various natural and man-made conditions.
The first breakdown deals with fragile areas which could be
easily destroyed or damaged by inappropriate or poorly planned
development in Southport. These include:
1) Coastal Wetlands
2) Estuarine Waters
3) Estuarine and River Erodible Areas
3) Certain Public Trust Areas
4) Archeological Sites
5) Historic -Sites
58

The second part of this-analysis,.identifies natural hazard
areas. These consist of those areas that have high rates of
erosion at the present and in the past and could be considered
hazardous to development and certain other land uses.
These areas are Estuarine and River Erodible Areas. Another'natural
hazard area in Southport includes the Coastal Floodplains.
These consist of areas which are prone to flooding from storms
with an.annual probablity of one percent or greater (100-year flood).

SOIL SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
This is an analysis of the -general suitability of Southport soils
for use as future sites for development. Al.] of the City's soils are class-
ified as having some degree of physical limitations for future development.
This analysis uses a general site map of the City and locates those soil
associations with natural properties that are not well suited for development.
The analysis discusses each soil and its interpretation. It is essentially
a guide and -'aid in the preparation of a land classification map.
The maps and analysis are useful guides in planning residential growth,
engineering works, recreational facilities, and community projects. This is
not a suitable analysis for planning and management of a specific residence
or lot or for selecting exact locations for building roads, etc., because the
soils in any one association ordinarily differ in slope, drainage, depth,
and other characteristics that could affect their management.
The.Outer Banks Soil Conservation Service Soil Survey was used to .develop
the soil analysis sections for each association. The soil productive areas
were identified by following certain established criteria. Agricultural lands
were mapped according to capability class ratings from the S.C.S. which is,
.explained in the text. Productive forest lands were separated according to
-the site index of the associations with only those of high value being mapped.
Loblolly pine was used as the reference species.
SOIL CONDITIONS
This section of the report groups together various soils associations
having similar soil properties and thus interprets their natural soil
condition as having either resource potential or specific development limitation.
The soil ratings are determined on this basis. Such interpretations encompass
certain established tests to each soil's physical and chemical properties.
They are as follows:
1) Soil Horizons - depth in inches of the major soil strata
from surface to subsurface soils. This is used to determine
relative depth to water table and the soils chemical properties.
2) Texture - based on the relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay
in a soil, giving rise to texture classes such as sand, sandy
loam, loam, clay loam, and clay.
3) Particle Size - based -on the single soil unit and relates to
shrink -swell potential, plasticity, and bearing capacity.
4) Permeability - that quality-of.a soil that permits the movement
of water and air. Estimates. -of -the range of permeability is the
rate of time it takes for downward movement of water in the major
soil layers when saturated, but allowed to drain freely.
5) Soil Structure - the arrangement and compaction of individual
soil -particles into the basic soil building blocks.,
6) Available Water Capacity - the.ability of soils to -retain water
for plant use.
7) Soil Reaction or ph- the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a soil.
.i

SOILS AND SUITABILITY'
The soil types indicated on the.soil map were rated for bearing capacity and
septic tank filter field capacity. Bearing capacitor is a soil limitation rating
for dwellings based on soil' properties that affect foundations. Considerations -
are also made of slope, susceptibility to flooding, seasonal high water table,
and other hydrologic conditions -in rating the soils. Septic tank filter field
capacity is a rating based on soil properties that limit the absorption or treat-
ment of effluent. These properties include: slope, susceptibility to flooding,
presence of a seasonal high water table, and permeability of the subsoil and
underlying material. Past performance of existing filter fields is also impor-
tant in dete nd ning.the suitability of a site for the installation and design
of a ground absorption sewage disposal system.
.Each rating has a different meaning. These are indicated below.'
Slight: Soil properties are generally favorable forthe stated use, or
limitations are minor and can be easily overcome.
Moderate: Some soil properties are unfavorable, but limitations resulting
from the properties can be overcome or modified by special planning,
good,design and careful management.
Severe: Soil properties are unfavorable and resulting limitations are.too
difficult to correct or overcome. Soil will require major soil
reclamation or.special design for states -uses. This rating, however,
does not imply the land cannot be used.
Very Severer This rating is a subdivision of the severe rating and has one
or more features so unfavorable for the stated use that the
limitation is very difficult and expensive to overcome
Reclamation would be very difficult, requiring the soil material
to be removed, replaced, or completely modified. This rating
is confined to soils that require extreme alteration and,
generally, are not used for dwellings and septic tank fields.
Also included on the suitability map are.the flood plain designations and
Areas of Environmental Concern. Coastal Floodplain.is defined as the land areas
adjacent to coastal sounds, estuaries, or the ocean which are prone to flooding
from storms, with an annual probability of one percent or greater (100-yr. flood).
Land uses must comply with standards of the Federal .Emergency Management.
The flood zone designations -used on the accompanying -suitability map are
those accepted by the F.E.M.A.:
Flood Zone A - are those areas of 100-year flood potential.
Flood Zone B - are those areas between the limits of the 100-year
flood and 500-year flood areas.
Flood Zone C - are.those areas outside the 500-year,flood limits..
The CAMA Areas of Environmental Concern for Southport include Estuarine
Waters, Estuarine and River Erodible Areas, and Coastal Marshland. Estuarine
Waters are formally defined as, "all the water of the Atlantic Ocean within.
the boundary of North Carolina and all waters of the 'bays, sounds, rivers, and
tributaries there to seaward".
61

Estuarine and River Erodible Areas are areas -subject to excessive erosion.
They are defined as the areas above..ordinary high water where excessive
erosion has a high probability of occurring. In determining the landward
extent of this area, a. reasonable 25-year recession line is established
using the best available information. Appropriate uses for this land in-
clude recreation, conservation, and easements for access. Land uses that
are not appropriate include permanent or substantial residential, commercial,
institutional, or industrial structures. These uses should be discouraged
-in future development.
• The Coastal Marshland area in Southport is marshland which is not low
tidal marshland. Appropriate land uses for this area are those which will
not alter natural functions. Examples of acceptable land use may include
utility easements, fishing piers, and docks.
These AEC's will be considered in greater depth under Fragile Areas
of this text.
Soils in the Slight Category:
Wando fine sand
These soils are sandy and excessively drained. Rapid permeability is
characteristic, as are drought conditions. Depth to high water.table is
greater than six feet. There is no flooding of the soils. In.a represen-
tative profile, the surface layer is dark brown,loamy fine sand eight
inches thick. Slopes range from zero to six percent and the soils are
found on the lower coastal plains.
Kureb fine
These soils are sandy and excessively. drained. Permeability is rapid and
depth to high water table is over six feet. There is no .flooding. A sample
profile shows a surface layer of dark gray sand, three inches thick.
The -soils are found on broad undulating ridges and short side slopes of the
lower coastal plains:
Soils in the Moderate Category:
Johnston series
These soils are very poorly drained and consist of extremely fine -sand
with excess organic materials. Typically, the surface layer is black mucky
loam, 30 inches thick. Permeability is moderate to rapid. Depth to high
water table is about one foot and flooding is frequent.. The soils are found
on nearly level flood plains of the.coastal plain with slopes.ranging from
zero to two percent.
Echaw
These soils are sandy throughout and permeability is.rapid. De.pth to high
water ranges from two and one half to five feet. There is no flooding. The
surface layer is composed of gray fine sand. Level to gently sloping, the
` soils are on low ridges 'and islands.
62

Blanton fine sand
These soi l s are sandy and moderately wel-1. drained. Permeability is rapid.
Depth to the high-water table is greater than six feet. In a. representative
profile, the surface layer is gray fine sand about nine inches thick There
is no flooding. With slopes ranging from zero to twelve percent, the soils
are generally found in the coastal plain. R
Made 1and(Carte ret complex)
See Madeland soil above for a general description. These soils are primarily
of the Carteret variety and are characterized by poorly drained sandy soils,
very rapid permeability, and frequent flooding (if located in tidal marshes).
The sand is typically gray in color.
Dred_gefi l l
These soils are the result of dredging maintenance.of the Intercoastal
Waterway. Most areas are composed of sand and shells.
Mandarin
These soils are sandy and somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is rapid and
depth -to high water table is one and one half to three and one half feet.
Typically, these soils have gray fine sand surface layers with slopes from zero
to two percent. The soils are found on areas slightly higherthan the adjacent
flatwoods and do not experience flooding.
Seabrook
These soils are sandy -and moderately Well drained. Permeability is rapid
and depth to high water table ranges from two to four feet. The surface
layer is a darkgrayish brown loamy fine sand about nine inches .thick.
There is no flooding, and slopes are less than two percent.. The soils can be
found on the lower coastal plain.
Soils in the Severe Catogory:
Made land
These soils have been pumped up.or dredged during construction of canals
and has been deposited between the canals for building site use. Essentially,
it has been deposited over marsh.. Average soil thickness is from three to six
feet and water table fluctuates with changes in -the tide level. It is mainly
sandy with varying amounts of shell fragments.
Murville fine sand
These soils are -sandy and very poorly drained. Permeability is'rapid.
Wetness is characteristic of the soil and depth to high water table ranges
from zero to one foot. The.surface layer is black fine sand about eight inches
thick .. Flooding is rare since the soils are located on flats or in slight
depressions on coastal plain uplands. Slopes are -generally less than two
percent.
63

Leon sand
These soils are sandy and poorly drained. Permeability is rapid to moderate
and the depth to high water table ranges from ten to forty inches. The surface
layer is composed to partly decomposed organic materials and light gray sand.
The soils are nearly level to gently sloping and occur in the lower coastal plain.
Depressional areas are ponded.
Carpers Silty Clay loam
These soils consist of very poorly drained soils having a dark brown silty
clay surface layer about 16 inches thick. Permeability is slow -and -ttie
high water table is near or at the surface. The soils contain decomposed
organic matter and are characteris.ti.cally wet. Flooding is frequent. With slopes
of less than one percent, the soils are found in the tidal marshes.
Soils in the Very Severe Catogory:
Carteret sandy loam
These soils are sandy and very poorly
slow and depth to high water table is one
quent. In atypical profile, the surface
gray loamy sand to a depth of ten inches.
the soils are found.in the tidal marshes.
Dare Muck
drained. Permeability is moderate to
to over three feet. Flooding is fre-
layer is dark grayish -brown and dark
With slopes of zero to two percent,
These soils consist of extremely acid organic soils and are characteristically
wet. They contain black, dark reddish brown, and very dark brown highly decomposed
organic materials. Permeability is slow to moderate and flooding is frequent.
Nigh water table is near the surface, generally. The swampy soils are found in
the lower coastal plain and have slopes less than one percent.
Bohicket silty clay loam
These soils consist
gray silty clay loam.
from zero to over three
frequent flooding by se
Hobonn
of very poorly drained soils with a surface layer of dark
Permeability is slow and depth to high water table ranges
feet. The soils are characteristically wet and experience
a water, being located in the tidal marshes.
These soils consist of very fine sand and organic materials. They are poorly
drained and experience frequent flooding. Depth to high water table is near or
at the surface. Permeability is slow. In a representative profile, beneath
about two inches of silty clay loam material, it is dark reddish brown organic.
material that .is highly decomposed ,to a depth of 90 inches. Found on the..
lower coastal plain, the soils have slopes less than one percent.
64

rn
Ln
Scuthport Soil Suitabliity Acreage
:oil Total Acreage
Total Acreage
Combined
.atin9
In City
Percentage
Exterritorial.
Percentage
Total
Percentage
Si igilt
707.1
56.9
98.5
4.1
805.6
22.1
Slight
127.7
10.3
170.3
7.1
-298.0'
8.2
Flood Zone r1
Slight
143.9
11.6
143.1
6.0
287.0
7.9
Fl ood Zone 8
Moderate
170.5.:
13*7
:570.4
23.8.
740.9
20.4
Savere
40.2
3.2
741.7
30.9
781.9
21.5
VI-r Seve-e
52.8
4.3
674.4
28.1
727.2
19.9
Tatal
1242.2
100.0%
2398.4
100.0p
3640.6
100.0m
r a

N
n
iu -
iiii■
a
iy wuy w%
Jgef ill
y..
Kureb
Fina Sep

rkx,
r.. ...
*mxxxe
V-
� p 1
O-SOMMWA

2. FRAGILE AREAS
In addition to items included on the Southport Soil and Suitability Maps,
items on the Southport Fragile Areas. Map were considered in determining the
physical suitability for development and land use. Included on_the map are
environmentally fragile areas, public trust areas, cemeteries, and areas of
historic and'archeologic significance.
Environmentally fragile areas are known as Areas of Environmental Concern
(AECs). These areas need protection, and CAMA permits are required in order to
construct or build in an AEC. In Southport the AECs are classified as Coastal
Wetlands, Estuarine Waters, Estuarine and River Erodible Areas, Areas Subject to
Public Rights, and Natural and Cultural Resource Areas.
a. Coastal Wetlands
Coastal Wetlands are defined.as "any salt marsh or other marsh subject to
regular or occasional flooding by.tides, including wind tides (whether or not
the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial water-
courses„ provided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides.
(Soil Conservation Service An Appraisal of Potentials for Outdoor Recreational
Development). Coastal Wetlands may be subdivided into two categories: low tidal
marshland and all other coastal iiiarshland. Low tidal marshland is defined to
consist primarily of . and to be subject to inundation by
the normal rise and fa o lunar tides.
The marsh is the basis for the high yield system of the estuary through
the production of partially decomposed plant material which is the prime input
source for the food chain of'the entire estuarine system. In addition, the
roots and rhizomes of the cordgrass serve as waterfowl -food and the stems as
wildlife nesting material. Low tidal marsh also serves --as the first line of
defense in retarding shoreline erosion. Other coastal marshland contributes to
the food supply and provides quality wildlife and waterfowl habitat depending
on the biological and physical conditions of the marsh. (°Coastal,Resources
Commission, "State Guidelines for Local Planning ..." January 27, 1975.Page 51.)
Appropriate land uses are those which do not significantly alter the natural
functions of the marsh. Inappropriate land use include, but are.not limited to
the following examples: restaurants and businesses; residences, apartments, motels,
hotels, and trailer parks; parking lots and offices; spoil and dump sites; waste-
water lagoons; public and private roads and highways; and factories. Examples
of acceptable land uses may include utility easements, fishing piers, docks,
certain agricultural uses except when excavation or filling affecting estuarine
or navigable Waters is involved, and such other uses which do not significantly
alter the natural functions of the marsh.
The -higher marsh types offer quality wildlife and waterfowl habitat
depending on the biological and physical conditions of the marsh. The vegeta-
tion diversity in the higher marshes usually supports a greater diversity
of wildlife types than the limited habitat of the low tidal marsh.
This marshland type also serves. as an important deterrent to shoreline
erosion P.specially in those marshes containing heavily rooted species.
The dense system of rhizomes and roots of needlerush are highly
resistant to erosion. In addition, -the higher mars es are effective sediment
traps.

Appropriate land uses are those which.function to preserve and manage the
marsh, so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, economic, and aesthetic
values. Highest priority.shall be allocated to.the conservation of existing marsh-
lands. Second priority -for land -uses allocation of this type shall be given to
development which requires water access and cannot function anywhere else, such -as
ports, docks and marinas, provided that the actual location of such facilities
within the marsh considered coastal, physical and biological systems and further
provided.that feasible alternatives regarding location and design have been
adequately considered and need for such development can be demonstrated. Such
allocation may only be justified by the projected land use demands and by community
development objectives, but in.no case shall the allocation exceed the capacity of
the marshland system to sustain losses without harm to the estuarine ecosystem
unless the losses would be offset by a clear and substantial benefit to the public. -
The marsh near Southport provides good clapper rail shooting but public hunting
opportunities for waterfowl in general are poor. Most waterfowl hunting is done on
private property along the Cape Fear River. Except for a few marsh areas along the
Cape Fear River and the coast and some swamp in the Waccamaw and Cape Fear River
basins, the development potential for waterfowl in the county is poor.
b. Estuarine Waters
Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113-229 (n)(2) as, "all the waters
of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Carolina and all the waters
of the sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto seaward. of the dividing line
between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters, as set forth in an
agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of
Conservation and Development filed with the Secretary of State entitled "Boundary
Lines, North Carolina Commercial Fishing - Inland Fishing Waters, revised
March 1, 1965."
Estuaries are among the most productive natural environments of North
Carolina. They not only support valuable commercial and sports fisheries,
but are also utilized for commercial navigation, recreation, and aesthetic
purposes. Species dependent upon estuaries such as menhaden, shrimp, flounder,
oysters and crabs.make up over 90% of the total, value of North Carolina's
commercial catch. These species. must spend all or some part of their life cycle.
in the estuary. The high level of commercial and sport fisheries and the aesthetic
appeal of coastal North Carolina is dependent upon the protection and sustained
quality of our estaurine areas.'
Appropriate uses are those which preserve and manage estuarine waters so.
as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, economic, and aethetic values.
Highest priority shall be allocated to the conservation of estuarine waters.
The development of navigational channels, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion,
and the building of piers or wharfs where no other feasible alternative exists
are examples -of land uses appropriate within estuarine waters, provided that such
land uses will not be detrimental. to the biological and physical estuarine functions
and public trust' rights. Projects which would directly or indirectly block or
impair existing naviation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils
below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns, violate water_
quality standards or cause degradation of shellfish waters are generally con-
sidered incompatible with the management of estuarine waters.
67

c. Estuarine and River Erodible Areas
Estuarine and river erodible areas are natural hazard areas..
They are defined as the areas above ordinary high water where excessive
erosion has a high probability of occuring.-
Appropriate land uses for this land include recreation, conser-
vation, and easements for access. Land uses that are not appro-
priate include permanent or substantial residential, commercial,
institutional, or industrial structures. These uses should be
discouraged in future development.
d. Areas Subject to Public Rights
Areas subject to public rights are defined as areas such as
waterways and lands under or flowed upon by tidal waters or navigable
waters, to which the public may have rights of access or public
trust rights and areas which the State of'North Carolina may be
authorized to preserve, conserve, or protect under Article XIV,
Section 5, of the North Carolina Constitution. Appropriate land uses
for these areas are those which do not interfere with public rights
of navigation. The development of navigational channels, drainage
ditches, the use of bulkheads to prevent erosion, and the building
of piers or wharfs are examples of land uses appropriate within
public trust waters provided that such land uses will not be
detrimental to the biological and physical functions and public
trust rights: Projects which would directly or indirectly block
or impair existing navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion,
deposit spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation
patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause degradation of
shellfish waters are generallly considered incompatible with the
management of public trust waters.
Southport recognizes other environmentally fragile areas such
as wooded swamps and prime wildlife habitats particularly along
Dutchman Creek and Price's Creek. One notable scenic area is along
the Cape.Fear River west bank,
e. Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
The final group of AEC's is gathered under the heading of fragile
natural and cultural resource areas, defined as areas containing
environmental, natural, or cultural resources of more than local
significance in which uncontrolled or incompatible development would
result in major or irreversible damage to natural systems or
cultural resources, scientific, educational, associated values,
or aesthetic qualities. Included in this category for Southport
are archaeological and historical sites.

11 (1) Archaeological Sites: Significant coastal archaeological
resources are defined as areas that contain archaeolocal remains
(objects, features, and/or sites) that have more than local signi-
ficance to history or prehistory.
The Southport area contains at least one known archaeological
site specifically recognized by the State. Other sites are probably
located in the area, but have not yet been documented.
Archaeological resources are objects and/or areas made or modi-
fied by man and the data associated with these artifacts and features.
These resources rest in or on the ground. Any alteration of the land
destroys the associated information and endangers the artifacts
themselves. Although most of the known archaeological sites in
Brunswick County have not been evaluated for their significance,
a majority are suspected to have been temporary.camp locations
used: by early Indians for the purpose of shellfish harvesting.
But until these sites can be properly evaluated by a competent
archeologist, care should be taken to preserve them. Management
objectives for archaeological sites are given in the policy statements
of this Plan.. However, archaeological sites need not be a deterrent
.to development. The significance of their location in the planning
process is to encourage their evaluation before any development.is
allowed to occur which might harm or destroy them. The government
requires all known archaeological sites -to be evaluated before con-.
struction begins on any project financed in whole or part with
State or Federal. money. Ideally, all sites should be evaluated
before construction begins, regardless of.the source -of. funding.
.(2) Historical Sites: Historical sites and areas are abundant
in the Southport areas. They too need to be included in the planning
process to avoid adverse effects of development which may destroy
the site or the significance of the site. Historical sites -can be
an important asset in the community, especially for its tourist industry.
. It is therefore recommended that the joint Southport -Brunswick
County Historic Preservation Commission renew their activity to
develop the means necessary to protect these important historical
resources.
Historic Sites are unigLe and non-renewable educational resources
which owe their importance to associations with American history,
archaeology, architecture and culture of the past. These valuable
resources constitute an integral part of the human environment by
showing the integrity of past generations which in turn develops a
special character for Southport and Brunswick County.
The following list of historic places;: is the -Southport area corre-
sponds to places designated on the Southport Fragile Areas map. The.
information was compiled from these sources: North Carolina Division
of Archives and History, County Historic Site Inventory;Brunswick County -
Historic Society; The Bald Head Island Gazette, M.A. Page, "Southport
Scenic Driving Town,' 1975; and Brunswick Town Historic Site Manager, 1972.
69

Southport Historic Sites
St. Phillips Episcopal Church
location - Courthouse Square
description - first established in Brunswick Town in 1754; present
structure was erected in 1851; original furnishings are in evidence`
Old Southport Cemetery
location - Moore Street
description - dates from 1760
present use - Southport landmark
Frying Pan Lightship*
location - foot of Howe Street
description - ship guarded Fry Pan Shoals; built in 1929, replaced
in 1964 by light tower, given to Southport by United States Coast
Guard.
present use - Southport landmark
Brunswick County Courthouse
location - Courthouse Square on Moore Street
` description - third location but not the last, erected in 1842
Whittler's Bench
location - foot of Howe Street
description - orginally a Lombardy Poplar and two ancient gnarled
cedars formed popular shady spot for sailors and townspeople to
congregate.
Old Thompson House
location - Bay Street
description - example of widow's watch used to scan horizon for
returning ships or planning voyages; once owned by Captain Thomas
M: Thompson, who collected treasures from over the world;_he was
also famous.Civil War . runner
present use - private residence
Franklin Square - "The Grove"
location - Howe Street
description - land bequeathed to town by Governor Benjamin Smith
_ for educational, fraternal, religious, and recreational purposes;
contains an old.hand water pump
Old Brunswick County Courthouse
description - stately colonial structure looks out upon Franklin
Square; built in 1904 by Masonic Lodge; it has functioned as a
school, American Legion Hut, community center and now seat of
city Government
*The Board of Aldermen.recently called for its removal.
70

"Four Sisters"
description - a rare arrangement of canopying giant live oaks
hundreds of years old, directly behind the old Brunswick County Courthouse.
Prices Creek Lighthouse
location - 2 miles north of Southport on Cape Fear River
description - brick ruins largely intact built in 1849 as a
range light, taken over by South in 1861 used as telegraph
signal station; after Civil War abandoned; Pfizer, Inc. plans
to restore
Price -Davis Family Cemetery
location - West Street behind First Apostolic Church
description - secluded old burying ground
Indian Trail Tree - Keziah Park
location - corner of Moore and Lord Streets
description - ancient and gnarled live oak is estimated to be.
over 800 years old; Believed that Indians bent this tree marking
route to fishing grounds reported in Ripley's Believe It or Not;
Named in honor of W. B. Keziah known as "Mr. Chamber of Commerce"
Old Southport Hospital
location - Atlantic Avenue and West Street
description - moved from North Bay Street sometime after.Civil
,War; used as first real hospital reported to be the oldest
remaining building in Southport prior to 1790's
present use - private residence
Bonnet's Creek
location - East Moore Street
description - Stede Bonnet, supposedly."Gentleman Pirate"
hid his vessel The Royal James, here; Bonnet's lady love lived
in Southport; she reportedly buried her diary here; this con-
troversial pirate was captured November 8, 1718 by Colonel -
William Rhett, and died on the gallows with a handful of followers
in Charleston, South Carolina
Old Brunswick County Jail
location - S W corner Moore and Rheit streets
description - second oldest jail in the state
built in 1865
Old Brunswick Inn (Arrington House)
location - Atlantic Avenue and Bay Street
description - two story framehouse, dating
from 1830, with Greek Revival exteri r and
de
interior tails, considered haunted°
prese, - private residence 71

Harper House
location - north corner of Bay and Howe Streets.
description - two story frame house, with square
pillars extending the full height of the first
and -second floors
House - - - 111 Bay Street
location - Bay street
description - one story frame cottage with low hip
roof pierced with two interior chimneys
House - - - 115 Bay Street
location - West corner of Bay and Davis Streets
description - two story frame house with pedimented roof
Art Newton House (Bellamy Summer House)
location - west corner of Bay and Atlantic streets
description - two -and -one-half story frame house,
dating from about 1790, reportedly one of the oldest
houses in Southport.
Southport Baptist Church
location - corner of Howe and Nash streets
description - brick church built in 1871,
contains original furnishings
Annie May Woodside House
location - East Bay Street
description - two story frame house with Greek Revival interiors,
mid -nineteenth century.
Ruark House
location - corner of Nash and Lord streets
description - home of Robert Ruark author
of The Old Man and the B2,1L, a nostalgic
account of his own boyhood in this house
of his paternal grandparents.
Southport - Brunswick County Library
description - in early 1900's members of Southport woman's
club established a reading room that was to become the nucleus
of the present day public library, completed in 1968.
72

Southport Boat Harbor
description - facility of State Ports Authority,
present use - operates year-round to provide
marine services and supplies to the public
The water front area of Southport is also known to contain
structures of historic interest, which have not been specifically
identified.
Fort Johnston - The Garrison
location -.Bay Street
description - The Garrison housed His Majesty's troops from
1745-1764; Partially burned by Whigs in 1975, rebuilt in 1794-
1809
Present use - residence of Commanding Officer of Sunny Point
73

f. Development Standards Applicable to all AEC's
No development should be allowed in any AEC which would result
in a contravention or violation of any rules, regulation, or laws of
the State of North Carolina or of local government in which the
development takes place.
No development should be allowed in any AEC which would have
a substantial likelihood of causing pollution of the waters of the
State to the extent.that such waters would be closed to the taking
ofshellfish under standards set by the Commission of Health Services
pursuant to G.S. 130-169.01.
74

COMMUNITY CAPACITY
I. Facilities
Water Facilities
Water System
The water supply for Southport consists of tWo wells which tap the
Tertiary System Aquifer. The wells are -about 175 feet in depth and collec-
tively yield 700 gallons per minute. On a 12-hour demand schedule, this system
could provide 504,000 gallons per day (pumping capacity). According to the
Southport Land Use Plan prepared in 1976, the water system was operating at 43 per-
cent capacity, using an average of approximately 218,206 gallons per day.
In preparation of the Southeastern Brunswick.County 201 Facilities Plan, 1977
water use records for the City of Southport were reviewed. A summary of the water
consumption records for the Cityis'presented in the following table. It shows
that residential and commercial customers were using an approximate average of
264,055 gallons per day, or 55 gallons per day per capita. The water system was
operating at 52.4 percent capacity.
Southport Water Use Records
1977 Water Use Gallons Rate per day Per Capita
Residential and Commercial 96,380,125 264,055 55 gpd
Industrial 0 0 0
.Total 96,380,125 264,055 55 gpd
Based on 1510 connections at 3.2 persons/connections
A review of the 1979 Southport water consumption records indicates that
residential and commercial customers were using an approximate average of 291,550
gallons per day. The water system was operating at about 58 percent capacity in.
1979,
Water Supply -:Hydrology
An understanding of the hydrogeology of the area is the first step toward
evaluating the availability, occurrence,.and chemical quality of the groundwater
supply in the planning area. The void spaces between the rock materials that
underlie Southport constitute the reservoir in which the water is stored and the
conduits through which the water moves. While a thorough examination of the
geology and groundwater has not been completed at this time, there are pertinent
facts that have been identified by.the Regional Hydrologist with the North Caro-
lina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development: -
"Although located in the,Lower. Cape Fear' River Basin Southport is not in
a designated public water supply watershed since surface waters do not supply the
city; class A2 surface waters are unavailable for use and hence groundwater resources
supply all water needs.
i
75

Hydrologically, Southport is*complex. A post-miocene aquifer exists
between land surface and approximately 40 feet below land surface; this
aquifer consists of sand and contains potable water under water table conditions.
Below the post-miocene is the tertiary system aquifer, the primary source of South-
port's .water supply. Porous and permeable limestone provides the geologic frame-
work in which excellent quality groundwater is stored under artesian conditions.
The tertiary system aquifer is approximately 140 feet thick and extends from 40
feet below land surface to 200 feet below land surface. Probably, the post-miocene
aquifer and tertiary system aquifer are hydraulically connected.
Between 200 feet below land surface and 1550 feet below land surface is the
upper., middle, and
tained within unconsolidated sands under artesian and flowing artesian conditions.
Base hard rock is encountered at 1150'feet below land surface.
Groundwater recharge to the post-miocene aquifer by direct infiltration of
rainfall is active in Southport. As the post-miocene aquifer is hydraulically
connected to the tertiary system aquifer, recharge to the post-miocene aquifer
results in effective recharge to the tertiary system aquifer.
Groundwater from the post-miocene aquifer is of potable quality and exists
in significant quantity. Groundwater from the tertiary system aquifer is of
excellent potable quality and is available in large quantities. However, it is
suspected that the quality and quantity.of groundwater from both aquifers is in.
jeopardy. It is suspected (but not yet substantiated) that Brunswick Steam Elec-
tric Plant CP&L canal, the inland waterway, and dredging the Cape Fear River are
man-made activities which have allowed brackish water to enter the post-miocene
aquifer and -tertiary system aquifer.
Therefore, these suspected sources are responsible for initiating/ accen-
tuating a salt water encroachment problem. To preclude further quantity and
quality problems, man-made activities which would have detrimental effects on the
aquifers should be avoided.
Southport is served by two wells which tap the tertiary system aquifer.
The wells are nearly 175 feet in total depth and collectively yield 700 GPM. It
is suspected that these wells are now beginning to exhibit a quality problem
related to salt water encroachment; and, hence,, deserve close quality monitoring.
To date, quantity of water is not a problem and with future reasonable use should
not present a problem.
In summary, the aquifers of significance are the post-miocene and tertiary
system aquifer. Past man-made activities are suspected to have resulted in quality
problems in both aquifers. It is vital that future activities avoid additional.
quality impairment. Quantity of groundwater is not now a problem and future
quantity problems are not anticipated, assuming reasonable use. Southport's impend-
ing use of central supplies precludes a lengthy discussion on future water planning.
Sewage Facilities
Southport is the only area served by a municipal wastewater collection and
treatment system within southeastern Brunswick County. Constructed between 1965
and 1974, the existing system serves most of the presently developed area within
the city limits.
76

The collection system consists of approximately 96,000 feet of eight inch
gravity sewer of both concrete and clay construction with a total of about 275
manholes. A total of seven pumping facilities operate prior to final discharge
into the wastewater treatment plant located on West Street. An infiltration/in-.
flow analysis, conducted as part of the preparation of the Southeastern Brunswick
County 201.Fac.ilities Plan (1978), indicated a maximum infiltration rate of approxi-
mately 637 gallons per day, per inch -mile of pipe, and an inflow rate of 48,000 gpd/
mile. According to Environmental Protection Agency guidelines and professional
engineering standards, these infiltration/inflow rates are not considered excessive.
It was noted during this rate analysis that a standby source of power is needed at
several pumping stations, particularly at the facility on Bay Street which carries.
flow from a large portion of the city to the treatment plant.
The existing wastewater treatment plant serving Southport was constructed in
1965. It has a design capacity of 300-,000 gallons per day,-or.0.30 mgd, and employs
a contact stabilization process of biological treatment. The chlorinated effluent
is discharged to Cottage Creek, a.tributary of the Intercoastal Waterway. Sludge
disposal is accomplished byaerobic digestion and on -site drying beds.
All waste treated at the plant is either residential or commercial. There are
no industrial discharges to the system. A population of 3,136 people is being served.
According to a study in preparation for the.Southeastern Brunswick County 201
Facilities Plan, the treatment plant achieves acceptable secondary treatment of a
flow of approximately,0.28 mgd. These figures indicate that the sewage system is
currently operating at 94 percent capacity.
- Major industries in the area, including Pfizer and Standard Products, provide
their own wastewater -treatment capable of meeting.effluent criteria.
.It should be noted that the ratio of the water supply pumping capacity (504,000
gallons per day) to the treatment facility capacity•(3000,000 gallons per day) is .
below the norm. .(The capacity figures were taken from the 1975 Southport Land Use
Plan.) The ratio for Southport is.about 0.6 or 60 percent, while the norm is about
85 percent in a range from 70 to 95 percent. This difference may be due to an extra-
ordinary loss of water that does not flow to the treatment plant.
The city of Southport is included in the Planning area of the Brunswick County
proposed 201 Sewage Treatment Facility. The city has notified the County that it
intends to withdreaw from the project and double its own municipal system by what
ever means necessary.
Also, the Southport water system has been extended a considerable distance
beyond the city limits and serves all the. way to and.includes Dutchman Creek Acres
Subdivision.
The sewer system is only within the. city and not all of the city is on this
system.
77

Forecasts of Wastewater flows were calculated for Southport in preparation
of the 201 Facilities Plan. The following tables show predicted flow levels for
1.990 and 2000.
1990
Forecast of
Flow
'
Population
Flow
Non -Excessive
Non-commited
Total #Served
60 gpd
Extraneous Flow
Industrial flow Total
•
(gpd)
(gpd) Flow (gpd)
,Sumner
4863 4863
291,780
130,000
42,178 463 958
;Winter
f
4562 4562
273,720
130,000
445:898. !
2000
Forecast of Flow
Population
Flow
Non -Excessive
Non -committed Total
Total #Served
60gpd
Extraneous Flow
Industrial Flow Flow(gpd)
(gpd)
(gpd)
Summer
5996 5996
389,740
149,900
53,964 593,604
;Winter
5665 5665
368,225
149,900
572,089
Federal level budget problems
-and
restraints, however,
are holding up funding
for the
start of this construction,
at
the present time.
This may prove to be a
• problem
for Southport, since
its existing
sewage treatment
facility is operating at
94 percent capacity. If the
construction
of the county project
is delayed for an
additional two to three years,
the City
of Southport may
consider the option of with-
drawing
from the southeastern Brunswick
County 201 Facilities
Plan in order to expand
its own
treatment facilities
to accomodate
growth.
At this time, it is not clear which option the City of Southport may choose.
Since any projection of expansion requirements may depend on the option chosen, Bruns-
wick County has not been able to.determine expansion projections for the present
planning period.
Transportation Facilities
According to the Highway Capacity Manual the practical capacity for two lanes
,plus parking for two way traffic is 5,700-8,200.vehicles per day. Capacity is.defined
as the maximum number of vehicles which has a reasonable expectation of passing over
a given section of a lane or a roadway in both directions during 'a.given time period
under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions. Based on this standard, the only
thoroughfare in the Southport Planning area which warrants improvement'is North Howe
Street at the City limits. This street is on the State Highway System (G.S.' 136 -
Article 3A) and in 1974 had an average daily -traffic count-of•8850 vehicles per day.
However, there are other factors (i.e., design, cost, traffic generators, -accident
frequency, orgin-destination studies, etc.) besides capacity analysis. which must be
considered before alterations are made.
There is need to examine escape routes related to plans for evacuation of this
general area in the event of any incident at C.P.&L's nearby nuclear generating ,
facility.

Health Services and Facilities
Residents of Southport are served by two hospitals for health
care. In 1978 the Brunswick County Hospital located.south of Supply was
completed to serve all county residents. During its construction,
many Southport citizens were concerned that its development would
force the closing of Dosher Hospital located in the City.
The hospital, however, remained operating despite the loss of
county funds in 1977. Revenue for its operation is obtained through
a special assessment in Smithville Township of an extra 4 cents per
$100 valuation. This revenue also allowed the new addition to be
constructed which will provide more modern facilities, rather than
increase capacity. Because of the support of the people of Southport
and surrounding Smithville Township, Dosher Hospital will remain an
Intearal part of the coiinunity.
In February, 1977 an ordinance was passed by the City of Southport
which provided for the operation of a rescue squad for the City.
The Southport Rescue Squad serves as a volunteer squad'on a non-profit
basis for Southport citizens.
Senior Citizen Facilties and Services
Southport also has services and facilities to benefit the large
portion of elderly in its community. There is a senior citizens
center in Southport which is located in the old marineology building.
It offers a common meeting place for socializing as well as free
meals, movies, various table games, and table tennis. A bowling
team has also been organized for Southport's senior_ citizens and
is just now getting started. '
A second senior citizens center which is available to the
elderly of Southport is the center which recently opened in
Shallotte. This center is located in the old health building
in Shallotte. It offers free meals as well as a wide variety of
recreational opportunities and transportation services to the
center. It is hoped that the center will eventually provide
information and guidance services as well. Transportation -
services to the center are provided to senior citizens in out-
lying areas where there is a lack -of facilities for the elderly.
The elderly of Southport are also eligible for in -home services
provided by Brunswick County.
Police Protection
A total of seven police officers serve the -City of Southport.
Police protection is quite adequate for the community and is above
state standards of one officer per 1000 persons. Considering the
standard with regards to the current population estimates, Southport
has approximately one officer per 448 persons or at least two officers
per 1000.persons.

Fire Protection
Southport residents are served by a volunteer fire
department. At present it has a class 7 fire rating.
Recreation Facilities
Since 1976, Southport has added a great deal to.its recreation
facilities. Since that time a little league field, a multi -use
basketball court, a mini park, and two tennis courts have been
developed. Property for a waterfront park has also been acquired.
A grant for development of the park was secured from the North
Carolina Department of Community.Development and Natural Resources,
and it is planned to be completed by 1981.
Educational Facilities
There are three educational facilities administered by the
Brunswick County Board of Education which serve the Southport
Planning area. The City of Southport actually has little or
no authority with regard to school policies. There are two
schools within the city limits of Southport: Southport Primary
School located on West George Street and Southport Middle School
located on 8th Street. South Brunswick High School is located
near Boiling Springs Lakes.
The three facilities are:
Southport Primary K-4
Design Capacity: 600 pupils
1979-1980 Enrollment: 336
Southport Middle School 5-8
Design Capacity: 500 pupils
1979-1980 Enrollment: 762
South Brunswick High School 9-12
Design Capacity:. 750 pupils
1979-1980 Enrollment: 735
Note: Design capacities were taken from the 1976 Southport
Land Use Plan. Enrollment figures were reported by
the Brunswick County Board of Education. -
At present, a new middle school is being constructed near the
South Brunswick High School location. No additional plans have been
made for the existing Southport Middle School facility when the new
school is completed.
80 -

Refuse Collection
The City of Southport provides a refuse collection service to
its residents. Solid wastes are disposed. of at county landfill
sites. At present, the Brunswick County landfill sites are
nearing capacity levels, and a study has been undertaken to deter-
mine additional suitable sites and a transfer system. Since Southport,
as well 'as --the surrounding communities, plans -to use County sites in
the forseeable fut'ure, adequate means of final'di'sposition must always
be available to the City..
Other Services and Facilities
The City of Southport provides the following additional
services and facilities to its residents: City Hall and manage-
ment, public library, electric distribution service, City garage,
cemetaries, streets, and street lighting and signs.
81

2. POPULATION PROJECTIONS
In order to better understand population trends, past 'population -
and current estimates are summarized below. Population change is the
result of birth, deaths and migration. Migration is the most difficult
variable to predict because it is subject to so many outside factors.
Under the past population count, the City of Southport percent
increase from 1930 to 1970 has been less than either Smithville Township
or Brunswick County.. It should also be noted that Southport from..1930
to 1970 has represented an average 9.8 percent of the county's total
population. (See table of Historic Population).
Due to Southport's small size and lack of a data base, it is
necessary to discuss population changes at the County level.
The first Census of Brunswick County was taken in 1790, and listed
a population of 3,071. From 1790 through 1900, each ten year Census
period had a population increase of 14% or more with two exceptions, 1830
to 1840 and 1860 to 1870. Since 1910, the percentage growth has been 8%
or less except in the 1940-1950 and the 1960-1970 decades. The growth has
been 47.1% from 1970 to 1975. The growth from 1975-1980 was 7.0%.
Below is the County's most recent population change data.
BRUNSWICK COUNTY POPULATION CHANGE
1960=1980
Year Population Change Percentage Change
1960 29,278 1,040 1950) 5.4
1970 24,223 3,945 19.5
1975 35,621 11,398 47.1
1980 38,100 2,479 7.0
Source: 1960, 1970, U.S. Census
1975, 1980, N.C. Department of Administration estimates

Population projections for Southport and Brunswick County have been calcu-
lated to the year.2000. These are based on data reported in the 1970 U.S. Census
and are taken from different sources. The projections are presented in the follow-
ing table..
SOUTHPORT POPULATION PkOJECTIONS
Brunswick Southport
Year Coun ty Pennanent
1970
24,223 (1)
2220
(3)
1974
32,200 (5)
2900
(3)
1980
389100 (1)
3136
(3)
1985
51,200 (1)
3641
(3)
1990
64,300 (1)
4145
(3)
2000
78,000 (2)__
5341
(3)
Source:.
1. N.C.. Department of Administration, 1980
2. -Cape Fear C. O.G., 1980
3. The SOUTHPORT LAND USE PLAN, 1976
4. Consoer, ownnsend'& Associates, SOUTHEASTERN BRUNSWICK_
COUNTY 201 FACILITIES PLAN,.Septe bm er, 1978
5. Uffice of State Budget and Management, N.C. Dept. of Administration,
1980.
83

U
3. ESTIMATED DEMAND
The estimated demand for Southport is expressed in terms of
the holding capacity of the Town; that is the maximum population
that can be safely and economically supported by the present and
planned facilities, regulations, and developable land of the Town.
The holding capacity of a planning district refers to the
ability of the natural and man-made systems of an area to support
the demands of various land uses. It refers to inherent limits
in the -systems beyond which change cannot be absorbed without
resulting in instability, degradation, or irreversible damage. -
Residentially speaking, the holding capacity of a planning
district is the number of dwelling units the vacant and renewal land
in.the planning district will accommodate to a prescribed pattern
of residential densities.
The basic elements used in determining holding capacity are
projected population increases during the planning period, existing
and proposed urban water and sewerage facilities, future planned
development, institutional and organizational constraints, transpor-
tation systems, vunerable habitats, energy supplies, man-made hazard
areas, archeological and historical sites, and lands with soils
suitable for development.
Measurement techniques for holding capacity are necessarily
dynamic rather than static. Measurement is based upon current
existing and proposed holding capacity elements. In the future.
these elements may change and thus alter the holding capacity of
the planning area. Changes in the elements may be brought about.
in very short time spans. The holding capacity analysis.is under.
review every five years.and should therefore keep up with all element
changes that have occurred. Because of this, and because the holding
capacity analysis is based upon all current element trends, the
resultant estimated demand is thought to be rather accurate.
a. Water Facilities Capacity
The present Southport water system is sufficient to provide
service to 1260 customers using the State standard of 400 gpd/capita.
Using this standard, the system is presently sufficiently serving
731 customers, or 58 percent of total capacity. According to present
population projections and an average usage ratio of 4.29 persons per
connection, the capacity of the system would not be reached until
approximately 2005. Presently, Southport takes small amounts of
water regularly from the County's system during the summer months.
In the future it is suspected that this relationship shall increase.
If so, that would increase the capacity of Southport's system and
extend the time before capacity is reached.

b. Sewerage Facilities Capacity
The present Southport sewerage facilities -'are operating at
94 percent capacity and shall reach full capacity in the next few
years. Southport is presently included in the Southeastern 201
Facilities Plan, but intends to withdraw from the project. Present
plans are'to double current capacity to anticipate future demand..
c. Developable Lands .
When assessing developable lands for Southport, all lands not
suitable for development must be subtracted from all undeveloped
lands. Lands not suited for development are primarily those with
very severe soils. Southport has -a total of 52.8 acres within
the City limits and 674.4 acres in their - extraterritorial juris-
diction of very severe soils; making a total of 727.2 acres.
Undeveloped_ acreage in Southport accounts for 369.84 acres in the City
limits and 334.46 in the extraterritorial jurisdiction. Fortunately,
no devel.opment within the.City.limits is presently within very severe
soil area; therefore, it is easy to deduce that there are approx-
imately 317 acres available for development within the City limits
Using the average acreage per unit of 1.17 acres, This land is suitable
to accommodate around 271 units of which about 86 percent, or 232
units would be residential. Given an average household size of 2.93,
this would be enough residential units to accommodate 680 additional
persons, or a.total of 3816 persons within the City limits in addi-
tion to those settling in the extraterritorial jurisdiction.
At the -present time a great deal of the 334.46 acres of very
severe soils in the extraterritorial jurisdiction is developed
as industrial; therefore, it is not possible to accurately deduce the
developable land in that area. Because of the industrial develop-
ment to*the northeast of the City, and much of the accompanying
very severe soils, future growth in -the extraterritorial-jurisdic
tion will be primarily in the northwestern area and in a small
band running.adjacent to the City limits. Soils in these areas
are suitable for development. Therefore, Southport will assuredly
be able to accommodate projected population beyond the year 2000.
85

0
L.
BI ullowi\dft %ouunly riunning ueparTmenT 1`J' t$V CPO

r
PARS' K
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
AND
IMPLEMENTATION

PART I I I
` POLICY
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEtiENTATION
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
A, PUBLIC
PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 88
1.
Citizen Questionnaire Report . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 88
Resident T;-pe
89
N'ork Place
89
Major Problems Facing Southport
89
Characteristics of Southport
89
Public Facilities and Services
90
Future Development
90
Polluted Shellfish Areas
91
Downteem Revitalization
91
Fisheries Industry
91
Substandard abusing
91
CP&L Canal
92
Oil Refinery
92
Annexation
92
Abandoned Vehicle Ordinance
92
Emergency Preparedness
92
2.
Summary, of Major Issues and Problems from
the O,uestionnaire93
B. POLICY
STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 94
1.
Resource Protection , . . , , , ,
, , , , , , , , 95
Estuarine System
95
Ocean hazard Areas
95
'
Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
98
2.
Physical Constraints to Development . .
, . . . . . . 101
Septic Tank Suitability
101
Drainage
101
Bearing Capacity
102
3.
Resource Protection and Management . . .
. . . . . . .102
Productive Forest Lands
102
Commiercial and Recreational Fisheries
102
Existing and Potential Mineral Production
Areas. 104
4.
Economic and Community Development . , ,
. . . . . . .104
Industry
104
Tourism
105
5.
Provision of Services to Development .
. . . . . . 105
Public filter Supply
105
Public Seweranee System
105
Solid Uaste Disposal
106
Public School System
106
6,
Growth Patterns . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .106
Compact Growth
106
Provision of Service
106
Populatien Increase
107
Segregation of Conflicting Land Uses
107
Housing
107
Recreation
107
Coimiierci al Facilities
107
7.
Continuing Public Participation . . . .
. . . 107
C. POLICY IMPLENENTATION • . • • . . • . . . . .
. .. . . .. • • 109

A PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Identification of new problems/issues which have developed since the
previous plan was written was done with the help of the community's citizens.
The entire CAM planning process has been oriented towards public participa-
tion. The primary citizen input has taken the form of identification.of
existing problems and issues and.the establishment of future growth policies..
The public participation process is also described in the following text.
Once current and anticipated problems and issues were identified, implemen-
tation tools in the.form of goals and objectives were established that apply to
the problem areas. Objectives are statements of the specific ends sought which
are reduced from the more general form of goals. Policies and strategies are
the follow-up step which state the particular means by which objectives can be
achieved. Strategies are included with the goals and objectives statement.
An analysis of the relationship between problems/issues and existing
policies helps to develop new policy statements for the updated land use plan
which apply to current froblems. New policy statements have been established
for the City of Southport and are included in the Policy Statement section of
this Man
Several techniques were used to involve residents in the land use planning
process for Seuthpport. Local meetings wit,i county planners, City officials,
and community residents were held. These meetings fostered public participation
in the identification of community problems and issues and in the reviev-i of
prelir,iinary land use plans and the Policy Statement for Southport. Efforts
to infori:i residents cf local planning activities e:ere made also in tie local
weekly newspaper. All planning decisions, concerns, and meetings were reported
on. Also, as a convenience to the comrwnity residents having questions, con-
cerns, end U ea s ak,out land use planning for Southport, a "dial -a-� �l ?.tlner"
service eras in operation and publicized fro!; February 1, 1980 to dune 15, 1980.
This service allo••!ed those.peon',e unable to attend local meetings I- t 1, directly
with a count! planner. Finally, a survey <:ias .conducted by the Eruns�-iick County
Planning Departmant. The survey, a questionnaire to be completed by rssi�entsI
sought opinions and attitudes that Southport residents hold on issues regarding
local land use and development, service provision, and capital impro events.
Citizen Questionnaire Report
Initially, the questionnaire v.-as put in the local eieekly paper, _The State
Port Pilot, wvit' a full -page layout. It Vias requested that residents ans::er the
questions and either send the page to the '1.runswick County Planning P!-.- ment or
take it to the Tot.,n "all , .,,here it Vtould he nicked up by the Plannin- Depa tMent.
To encourage greater participation, the questionnaires were also put in local
grocery stores and banks and the Town [fall. A s^ecial effort to bring to atten-
tion the importance of the survey was made in regular notices in The SLate Port
Pilot, and the Southport.telephone number of a planner was publicize —sin.. er;er
that people cou':d call in their responses. Regardless of these efforts, after a
two month period, the response was sparse. Thirty-one responses were received b,
the Planning Department in total. The follo:•i;ng represents analysis of the opin-
ions and concerns of 31 people who responded. It is significant to note that
about GB percent of those e;ho responded were E1 years of age or over (21 rosponses) .
This is not represcntztive of Vie community, since the median age of Southport's
population in is 32- years of age.
88

Resident Type
All of the respondents classified themselves as permanent
residents of Southport. There are one to five people per house,
with a figure of two people per house having the highest response
rate (17 responses). The average household size then indicated
by the survey is 2.5, which .is somewhat lower than the Census-.
reported average of 2.9.
The age and sex distribution in the residences of the
respondents is as follows.
Population
(Age in Years) Male Female
0-25 9 7
26-40 6 5
41-60 2 7
61+ 9 12
Work Place
The responses indicated that about 58 percent of the resident
working force are employed in the immediate area of.Southport, while
about 32 percent are employed outside the immediate area. The remaining
10 percent are either retired'or did not answer the question.
Major Problems Facing Southport
Residents were asked to list the problems they felt were.
facing Southport currently. Their answers varied widely.
Answers. with the highest response rate (4 responses each) included
litter, government.integrity, and poor public facilities. These
comprise 52 percent of the total 23 answers to the question.
Answers with'a lower response rate (2 responses each) included
over taxation, erosion, poor business, and population increase.
Problems of streets, zoning, and utilities costs were also
noted (1 response each).
Characteristics of Southport - Desirable and Undesirable
When asked what characteristics made the City of Southport a
desirable place to live, residents indicated its friendly people,
climate, small quiet nature, and lack .of crime. The riverfront location
and ocean relationship, beautiful scenery, and churches were also mentioned
frequently Other comments included "uncongested, good retirement place,
pulbic services, fishing and boating."
As for undesirable conditions in Southport, a.wide range of items
were listed. Poor public facilities, over taxation, and litter seem
to be the most undesirable characteristics. Other items listed in-
cluded the light ship, erosion, vacant lots, and expensive utilities.
Items noted by one respondent each. include mistrust of officials,
smell from the fish factory, non -aggressive business, lack of night
life for te^ris, and crime.
r`d

Public Facilities and Services
Residents were also asked to respond to several questions
evaluating facilities and services in the community and financing
mechanisms for future facilities and services. Specifically, they
were asked to rate ten service/facility related items on a scale
of one to five. One was the lowest or worst rating while five was
the highest or best. In general, town management,.building inspection,
zoning administration, planning, and streets were all rated low to
moderate. Water service and recreation were rated near moderate. -
Only the refuse service, fire and police protection were rated higher.
Below is a tabulated summary of the responses.
Ratin
Item 1 2 4 5
Town Management
8
6
6
5
1
Water Service - price
3
4
8
5
1
- quality
1-
2
0
2
3
Refuse, service
3
3
3
6
12
Recreation
6
2
10
6
2
Building Inspection
6
5
11
0
2
Zoning Administration
7
7
9
2
0
Planning
5
10
6
0
1
Fire Protection
1
1
2
6
17
Police Protection
2
4
8
4
8
Streets
5
4
15
3
0
Asked about additional.or improved services they would like
to see, a few residents responded with senior citizen activities,
better roads, improved library, garbage -clean up, and bus service.
In a separate .question regarding how new public facilities
(to accommodate future population increases) should be financed,
approximately 20 percent chose assessment of property owners, 37
percent chose taxes, and 43 percent chose user charges/bond financing.
Future Development
Southport residents were asked what types of development should
be discouraged or encouraged in their city. Permanent residential,
single family dwellings came out on top of the types to be encouraged,
followed closely by commercial and tourist -related business development.
Mutli-family dwellings were primarily to be discouraged. Responses as
to encourage or discourage development were less divided for seasonal
residential, duplex, and industrial development. The following is
a list of the different development types with the percentage of
responses for encouragement or discouragement. Any percentages
not accounted for in the table are due to "no response."
We

Type
Encourage..
Discourage
Permanent Residential
97%
0%
Seasonal Residential
32
36
Single Family Dwellings
81
0
Duplexes .
39
23
Multi -Family
19
45
Commercial
61
13
Industrial.
23
32
Tourist -Related
5usiness
81
10
Polluted Shellfish Areas
In reference to shellfish areas adjacent to Southport which
were closed to harvesting because of pollution, the residents were
asked what methods, if any, they would support to clean up these
areas and permit harvesting. A total of 37 responses were given.
Of these responses, "construction of sewage treatment facilities"
received 41 percent, "prevention of building near wetlands (within
75 feet)" received 41 percent, and "increase lot size requirements
for building homes" received 18 percent.
Downtown Revitalization
The downtown area of Southport has declined in recent years.
Regarding this decline, the questionnaire asked residents what
means they would support to revitalize the area.. Twenty six .
percent of the respondents chose.restricting commercial develop-
ment outside the downtown area, 26 percent chose creating a -special
taxing district downtown to finance improvements, 19 percent chose
recruiting a major employer to locate in the city, and 16 percent
had various other suggestions. About 13 percent chose not to answer
the question.
Fisheries Industry
Residents were asked what means they would support for preserving
and expanding the fisheries industry which has played an important role
throughout the history of Southport. The question received 29 responses.
These responses were distributed as follows: 26 percent for a seafood
processing plant proposed by the State of North Carolina, 66 percent .
for waterfront clean up and redevelopment, and eight percent for other
(various) suggestions.
Substandard tiousin
Regarding a current problem of 130 substandard houses 'in
Southport,*the questionnaire asked -residents what means they would..
support to eliminate the problem. Southport citizens agreed for
the most part that enforcement of a strict building code was a'
primary solution. There were 28 responses to the question, and
these were distributed as follows: 65 percent support enforcement
of a..strict building code; 21 percent support.construction of public
housing, and 14 percent had other (various) suggestions.
91

r
This issue was discussed with town officials and they felt that the
problem was.already being addressed through their building code.
CP&L Canal
Residents were asked what should be done about the negative
appearance of the canal used by the CP&L Nuclear Plant, since the
cooling water canal may be discontinued in favor of cooling towers
in the near future. Answers to the question indicated that residents
would like to see the canals landscaped at road intersections to
make them more attractive. They would also like to see continued
use of the canals as they are,rather than the construction of cooling
tpwe rs .
Oil Refinery
1. - An oil refinery has been proposed to locate on the Cape Fear
River. It was recognized that there are dangers of oil spills and
severe erosion of the shoreline in Southport; however, the refinery
will help the economy of Brunswick County. Southport Citizens were
asked what they favored in regard to the refinery. Responses were
approximately divided equally on whether or not the refinery should
be allowed to locate in Brunswick County. There was agreement, however,
that any damages as a result of oil spills and/or erosion should be
paid for by the refinery company.
AnnPxatinn
When asked about lands presently in the one -mile extraterritorial
jurisdiction of Southport, 71 percent of the respondents favored
annexation of these lands, while 23 percent did not. Six percent
chose not to answer the question.
Abandoned Vehicle Ordinance
When asked whether or not they would favor the adoption of an
ordinance that limits abandoned unregistered vehicles which are
allowed to remain on public streets and in front yards, Southport
residents overwhelmingly favored such an ordinance.
Emergency Preparedness
Citizens who answered this last question felt, for the most
part, that Southport was not well -enough prepared for hurricane
and flood evacuation (55 percent). About 26 percent felt the
city was well -enough prepared, and the remainder did not know
or did not respond.
92

rw
a
SUMMARY 'OF MAJOR. ISSUES AND PROBLEMS FROM TEE QUESTIONNAIRE REPORT
The folloviing list is a summary of current issues arid problems
facing Southport as indicated in the Citizen Questionnaire report
and by City officials
Issues
Downtown and Waterfront Rovital ization
CP&L Canal
Proposed Oil Refinery
Mui-family Residential Development
Problems
Su' bstandard Housing
Sewage Facilities
Litter
Poor Business
Abandoned Unregistered Vehicles
Erosion
Deteriorating Downtown and Waterfront
Coilriercial strip Development
Areas Where Improvement is Needed
Town Management
Planning
Zoning. Administration "
Emergency Preparedness
Senior Citizen Activities
Streets -
7
93

B. POLICY'`STATEMENTS
The City of Southport has adopted_ the following
policies for dealing with land use planning issues
which will affect the community within the next ten
years. These policies establish a systematic basis
by which proposed developments will be judged. If a
proposed project or development would violate the
intent of these policies, action to prevent its con-
struction or resolve points of conflict will be initiated
by local, -state and federal government agencies.
These policies will be used by local officials in
their decision making process to increase the consistency
and qual-ity of their decisions.
Outline
1. RESOURCE PROTECTION
A). Estuarine System
B) Ocean Hazard Areas
C) Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
2. PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
A) Septic Tank Suitability
B) Drainage
C) Bearing Capacity
3. RESOURCE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
A) Productive Forest Lands
B) Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
C) Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas
4. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
A) Industry
B) Tourism
5. PROVISION OF SERVICES TO DEVELOPMENT
A) Public Water Supply
B) Public Sewerage System
C). Solid Waste Disposal
D) Public School System
.6. GROWTH PATTERNS
A) Compact Growth
B) Provision of Service
C) Population Increase
D) Segregation of Conflicting Land Uses
E) Housing
F) Recreation
G) Commercial Facilities
7. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
94

1. RESOURCE PROTECTION
The City of Southport will support and enforce through
its CAMA permitting capacity the State Pol-icies and permitted
uses in the Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC'.$).
The State Policy Statements for AEC's offer protection for
Southport fragile and significant environmental resources
with the CAMA permitting procedures. In accordance with
those policies set forth in subchapter 7H of the State
CAMA regulations, Southport adopts the following policies
concerning AEC's in its jurisdiction.
A. The Estuarine System. In recognition of the enormous
economic, social, and Hological values the estuarine
system has for North Carolina, Southport will promote
conservation and management of the estuarine system
as a whole, which includes the individual AEC's:
coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, public trust
areas, and estuarine shorelines. The significance
of the .system and its components is described in
this plan under Fragile Areas.
The management objective for the system shall be to
give highest priority to the protection and coordinated
management of all the elements as an interrelated group
of AEC's, so as to safeguard and perpetuate their
biological, social, economic, and aesthetic values,
and to ensure that any development which does occur
in these AEC's is compatible with natural characteristics
so as to minimize the likelihood of significant loss
of private property and public resources.
In general, permitted land uses in -the coastal wetlands,
estuarine waters, and public trust areas shall be those
which are water dependent. Examples of such uses may
include: utility easements, docks, boat ramps, wharfs,
dredging, bridges and bridge approaches, revetments, -
bulkheads, culverts, groins, navigational aids, mooring
pilings, navigational channels, simple access channels,
and drainage ditches.
Land uses that are not water dependent shall not be
permitted in.coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and.
public trust areas. E.xamples of uses that -are not water
dependent may include: restaurants, residences, apartments,
motels, hotels, trailer parks, private roads, factories,
and parking lots.
Specific policies regarding the individual AEC's of the
estuarine system are stated below. In every instance,
the particular location, use, and design characteristics
shall be in accord with the general use -standards for
coastal wetlands, estuarinewaters, and public trust
areas as stated in subchapter 7H of the State CAMA
regulations.
95

(1) Coastal Wetlands. "'Activities in.the coastal wetland
areas shall be restricted to those which do not -sig-
nificantly affect the unique and delicate balance of.
this resource. Suitable land uses include those
giving highest priority`to the protection and manage-
ment of coastal wetlands, so as to safeguard and per-
petuate their biological, social, economic, and aesthetic
values and -to establish a coordinated.management system
capable of conserving and utilizing coastal wetlands
as a natural resource essential to the functioning of
the entire estuarine system. Highest priority of use
shall be allocated to the conservation of existing
.coastal wetlands. Second priority shall be given to
those uses that require water access and cannot function
elsewhere. -
Acceptable land uses may include utility easements,
agricultural uses, fishing piers, and -docks. -
Unacceptable uses may include, but would not be limited
to, restaurants, businesses,.residents, apartments,
motels, hotels, parking lots, private roads, and highways.
(2) Estuarine Waters. In recognition of the importance of
estuarine waters for the fisheries and -.related industries
as well as aesthetics, recreation, and education,
Southport shall -promote the conservation -and quality
of this resource. Activities in the estuarine water
areas shall be restricted to those which do not -
permanently or significantly affect the function, clean-
liness, salinity; and circulation of estuarine waters.
Suitable land/water uses include those giving highest -
priority to the conservation and management of these
areas so as to safeguard.and perpetuate their biological,
social, economic, and aesthetic.values and to establish
a coordinated management system capable of conserving
and utilizing estuarine waters in order to maximize
their benefits to man and the estuarine system.
Highest priority of use shall be allocated to the
conservation of estuarine waters and its vital com-
ponents. Second priority shall be given.to uses that
require Water access and cannot function elsewhere.
Appropriate uses may include simple access channels,
structures which prevent erosion, navigation channels,
boat docks, marinas, piers, wharfs, and mooring pilings.
Southport, in recognition of the shellfish.areas
pollution problem which closes these areas'to harvesting,
supports the construction of, the Southeast 201 Facilities
Plan.
W.

Southport will also support projects in estuarine water
areas which aim to increase the productivity of these
waters. Such projects include oyster reseeding programs
and inlet channeling and dredging operations for the
purpose of increasing the flushing action of tidal move-
ment.
(3) Public Trust Areas. In recognition of certain land and
water areas in which the public has certain established
rights and which also support valuable commercial and
sports fisheries, hay.e aesthetic value, and are resources
for economic development, Southport shall protect these
rights and promote the conservation and management of
public trust areas. Suitable land/water uses include
those which protect public rights for navigation and
recreation and those which preserve and manage the
public trust areas in order to safeguard and perpetuate
their biological, economic, social, and -aesthetic value.
In the absence of overriding public benefit, any use
which significantly interferes with the public trust
of navigation or other public trust rights which apply
in the area shall not be allowed. Projects which would
directly or indirectly block or impair existing navigation
channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils
below -mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation
patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause
degredati_on of shellfish waters shall, in general,
not be allowed'.
Uses that may be allowed in public trust areas shall not
be detrimental to the public trust rights and. the.bio-
logical and physical :functions of the estuary.
Examples of such uses include the development of naviga-
tional channels, or drainage ditches, the use of bulkheads
to prevent erosion, -the building of piers, docks, or
marinas.
(4) Estuarine Shoreline. CAMA defines the estuarine shoreline
in Southport as the areas 75 feet landward of*the
estuarine waters.. Southport recognizes: (1.) _.the close
association between estuarine shorelines and adjacent
estuarine waters, (2) the influence shoreline develop-
ment has on the quality of estuarine life, and (3) the..
damaging processes of shorefront erosion and flooding to
which the estuarine shoreline i_s subject.
Shoreline development has a...pro_found.effect on adjacent
estuarine waters.. Effluent from poorly placed or.func--
tionin.g septic systems can pollute shellfish,areas which
represent much -greater economic benefits to the law's
ci ti zens- .than .do the res"i denti al - uses . of estuarine
shoreline areas. In recognition of this fact, Southport
discourages the'use. of estuarine shoreline areas for
residential purposes where there is a substantial
chance of pollution occurring.
97

The natural process of erosion transforms shoreline
areas into public trust areas. It shall be.the policy
of Southport to allow this natural --process to occur
if life or structures are not in jeopardy.
Suitable land uses are those compatible with both the
dynamic nature of estuarine shorelines and -the values
of the estuarine system.
Residential, recreational, public facility, and utility
access land uses are all appropriate types'..of use along
.the estuarine shoreline provided that:
(a) a substantial chance -of pollution occurring
from the development does not exist,
(b). natural barriers to erosion are preserved and
not substantially weakened.or eliminated,
(c) the construction of impervious surfaces'a.nd
areas not allowing natural drainage is limited
to only that necessary to adequately service
the development,
(d) standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act 1973 are met,
(e) development does not have a significant
adverse impact on estuarine resources,
(f) development does not significantly interfere
with existing public rights of access to, or
use of, navigable waters or public resources,
(g) the public purpose served by the siting of -
a major public facility along.the estuarine
shoreline is shown to outweigh the required
public expenditures for construction, main-
tenance, and continued use.
C. Natural and Cultural Resource Areas. Uncontrolled
or incompatible development may result'in major or
irreversible damage to fragile coastal resource
areas which.contain environmental, natural, or cul-
tural resources of more than local significance.
In recognition of this, -Southport will seek to.
protect such,natural systems or cultural resources;
scientific, educational, or associative values;
and aesthetic qualities.
Individual AEC's included in this general category
are: coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas
that sustain remnant species, unique coastal geologic
formations, significant coastal architectural resources,
and significant coastal historic architectural resources.
Their description and significance is found in this
plan under Fragile Areas.

In general, these resources are noted to be v_aivable
educational, scientific, and aestheti"c resources that
cannot be duplicated. They may be important components
in a natural system or in the broad patterns of history.
Their importance serves to distinguish 'the designated
areas as significant in relation to the coastal land -
scape and historical architectural and archaeological
remains in the coastal zone.
In accordance with policies stated in subchapter 7H
of the State CAMA regulations, Southport will support
the following actions regarding.these irreplaceable
resources:
(1) Protection of unique habitat conditions that are
necessary to the continued survival of threatened
and endangered native plants and animals and to min-
imize land use impacts that might jeopardize these
conditions
(2) Protection of the features of a designated coastal
complex natural area in order to safeguard its
biological relationships, educational and scientific
Values, and aesthetic qualities. Specific objectives
for each of these functions shall be related to the
following policy statements either singly or in comb-
ination:
(a) To protect the natural conditions of the sites.
that function as key or unique components of
.coastal systems. The interactions of various
life forms are the foremost concern and include
sites that are necessary for the completion of
life cycles, areas that function as links to
other wildlife areas (wildlife -Corridors ) , and
localities where the.links between biological
and physical environments are -most fragile.
(b) To protect the identified scientific and educa-
tional values and to insure -that the site will
be accessible for related.study purposes.
(c) To protect the"values of the designated coastal
complex natural area as expressed by -the local
government and citizenry. These values should
be related to the.educational and aesthetic
qualities of the feature.-
(3) Conservation of coastal archaeol-ogical resources of more
than local significance to history or prehistory that
constitute -important scientific sites, or are valuable
educational, associative, or aesthetic resources.
Specific objectives for each of these functions shall
be related to the following policy statements either
singly or in combination:
-. 99

(a) to conserve significant archaeological resource,
-including their spatial and'structural context
and characteristics through in,site preservation
or scientific study,
(b) to insure that the designated archaeological
resource, or the information contained therin,
be preserved for and be accessible to the scien-
tific and educational communities for related
study purposes,
(c) to protect the values of the designated archaeo-
logical resources as expressed by the local
government and citizenry; these values should
be related to the educational, associative or
aesthetic qualities of the resource.
M Conservation of coastal historic architectural resources
of more than local significance which are valuable
educational, scientific, associative or.aesthetic
resources. Specific objectives for each of these
functions shall be related to the following policy
statements either singly or in combination:
(a) to conserve historic architectural resources as
a living part of community life and.development,
including their structural and environmental
' characteristics, in order to give a sense of
orientation to the people of the state;
(b) to insure that the designated historical arch-
itectural resource be preserved, as a tangible
element of our cultural heritage, for its
educational, scientific, associative or aesthetic
purposes;
.(c) to protect the values of the designated historic
architectural resource as expressed by the local
government and citizenry; these values.should be
related to the educational, scientific, associative
or aesthetic qualities of the resource.
Development may be permitted in designated fragile
coastal natural or cultural resource areas provided
that:
(5) The proposed design and location will cause no
major or irreversible damage to the stated values
of a particular resource. One or more of the
following values must be considered depending
upon the stated significance of the resource:
(a) Development shall.preserve the values of the
• individual resource as it functions as a
critical component of a natural system.
(b) Development shall not adversely affect the
value of the resource as a -unique scientific,
associative, or educational resource.-
100

(c) Development shall -be consistent with the
aesthetic values of a resource as identified
by the local government and citizenry.
(6) No reasonable alternative sites are available
outside the designated AEC.
(7) Reasonable mitigation measures have been con-
sidered and , incorporated into the project plan.
These measures shall include consultation with
recognized authorities and.wi.th the Coastal
Resources Commission.
(8) The project will be of equal or greater public
benefit than those benefits lost or damaged
throunh development:
2. PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
The City of Southport adopts the following policies
regard.ing physical constraints to development:
A. Septic Tank Suitability
In conformity with the State health regulations,
growth and development will be discouraged in
areas where septic tanks will not function and
sewer services are not available.
Most areas within the city limits of Southport
have sewage services. Further development is
encouraged where.these services are a.lready
provided.*
B.' Drainage
Because Southport lies in.the low coastal plain
of the East Coast, flooding can occassionally
result. In order to minimize damages to developed
land in case of this occurrance, Southport will
discourage developmentin areas,of seasonal high-
water.
Only developments that cannot be placed in more
suitable locations may be developed in these areas.
Examples of permitted uses in these areas are low
density residential uses, and recreational uses.
If residential or other low density "urban"uses
are to be developed in an area of. seasonal highwater,
special building standards may be required.
101

C. Bearing Capacity
Growth and development will not be allowed in
areas where soils will not support buildings.
Where suitable alternative locations exist for
a particular development project, Southport
will discourage its location in an area where
soils will not adequately support the buildings.
If no alternative sites exist, the project may
be constructed if corrective measures to stabilize
the building foundation are incorporated into
the project design.
3. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT .-
Southport's natural resources play a vital role in
its economy. Southport's extraterritorial land is heavily
utilized for forestry. Its waters are important not only
for the fisheries industry, but for recreation as well.
Protection of these resources is a prime concern .of the
City of Southport. To deal with issues that involve
resource production and management, Southport adopts
the following policies:
A. Productive Forest Lands
Growth and development will be discouraged in pro-
ductive forest lands when such growth is not in
accordance with the Compact and Corridor Growth
Policies.
Land which is presently in.productive forestry
use will be encouraged to continue in that use.
Development other than low density residential
will be encouraged to locate in non -resource
productive areas. Only if no other suitable
location exists for a particular development.
project either because of iocational, resource,
or transportation needs should it be placed on
productive agricultural or forest lands.
Development projects which require State or
Federal permits, licenses or funds.must meet
this policy criteria.
B. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
Southport will encourage preservation and expansion
of its fisheries industry, both sports and commercial.
Protection of coastal and estuarine waters i.s a
prime prerequisite of this policy objective.
Habitats for shellfish and finfish in all portions
of their life cycle must be preserved in order to
maintain fishing as a viable economic and recreational
-activity.
102

Therefore, any development which will profoundly
adversely affect coastal and estuarine water will
be discouraged. Only those developments which are
water dependent, such as docking facilities, treat-
ment plants, and marinas shall be allowed to be
placed near and to effect coastal and estuarine
water habitats. In the design, construction and
operation of water dependent developments, every
.effort must be made to mitigate negative effects
on water quality and fish habitat. These efforts
will'be at the owners or operators own expense.
In order to expand Southport's sport and commercial
fisheries industry, Southport will support private
and public projects which will -positively affect
those industries. Southport supports channel and
inlet dredging and stabilization projects which
will increase the water access for fishing boats
and improve water circulation in shellfish habitats.
'It is recognized that in dredging and stabilization
operations, some fish habitat damage may occur.
Only those projects which provide greater benefit
than damage to the fisheries industry will be.
supported. All dredging and stabilization
operations must be performed so as to minimize any
unavoidable damage to fish habitat.
Southport supports projects which increase the
productivity of coastal and estuarine waters.
There are a number of closed shellfish areas -
adjacent to Southport. The Town supports projects.
that would contribute to cleansing these areas to
once again develop their productivity.
Projects such as oyster reseeding programs and
artifical reef construction have proved success-
ful in the past and, therefore, will be supported
in.the future.
Southport recognizes the importance of boat building,
ship maintenance and repair, docking and harbor
facilities, and seafood processing industries as
supportive and necessary for the fisheries industry.
These industries will be supported and allowed to
locate on.the near coastal and estuarine waters
if they do not prove to harm fish habitat.
more than they support and provide services for
the fisheries industry. All developments which
require State or Federal permits,. license or funds
must meet this policy criteria..
103

Southport recognizing that the fisheries industry
has played an important role in the City of Southport
since its beginning, supports waterfront redevelop-
ment to preserve and expand this industry.
C. Existing and Potential Mineral Production Areas
Southport contains very little known mineral
deposits, none of which are being mined or
.have the likelihood of being mined in the
next ten years. Therefore, no policy statement
concerning this issue will be made.
4. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEV.F12eEfAl.
The citizens of Southport believe that there is a
place for selected types of development in Southport
provided that proper and adequate measures are incor-
porated into the design, construction, and operation
of the development to eliminate substantial negative
impacts of the development on neighboring uses of
land and the environment. Existing development and
industry must be conserved and protected.
Selected types of development as rated above will
be encouraged and provided with the necessary publ.ic
services. In order to bring about this policy objec-
tive, Southport adopts the following policies in
regard to economic and community development.
A. Industry
1. Southport will continue to encourage
desirable industrial development and
maintain a favorable climate for exist-
ing and new industry. Suitable industries
are defined as those which do not have
the potential for destroying the small
.village atmosphere of Southport.
2. Southport encourages measures to be
taken to stop air pollution from
existing industries.
3. Southport will work to reduce possible
health hazards from industry through
required improvements and emergency
plans..
4: Southport will discourage the location
of any industry within their planning
jurisdiction which may pose substantial
environmental or health hazards.
104

If an industry which is potentially an environmental
or health hazard can prove corrective measures have
'been incorporated into the design, construction, and
operation of the facility.to eliminate the substantial
hazards, then it may be permitted to locate within
Southport. The specific site of the proposed facility
must be one which will not cause undue interference(
with or reduce the quality of existing neighboring
land uses. In assessing whether or not an industry
should be permitted to locate within Southport, con-
sideration will be given to the economic impacts of
the proposed facility.. Should a proposed industry
appear more detrimental than beautiful, it will not be
permitted to locate within Southport.
B. Tourism. Southport will promote and encourage growth
in its tourist industry if it is not detrimental to
the existing character of Southport.
5. PROVISIM! OF SERVICES TO DEVELOPMENT
A. Public Water Supply. Southport will promote public
water systems where needed.. Public water systems -
provide safer water and in,some circumstances more.
cost-efficient water than do individual wells.
Public water systems are not feasible for very
low density areas. Where the population density
has reached the point where the installation of
water lines is not an unreasonable cost in relation
to number of people served, public water systems
w.ill be encouraged where health problems or salt
water intrusion is occuring in private wells.
Southport commits itself to providing major trunk
lines throughout Southport where public water is
feasible and needed. Individual connections will
be done at the user orp.roperty owners expense.
Developers of new subdivisions will be required
to install water lines if the subdivision is
located,near existing or future main trunk lines.
B. Public Sewage System. Southport supports cleansing of
polluted waters through the expansion of sewage
treatment facilites.
Poorly functioning septic tanks threaten to pollute
estuarine and coastal waters. This in turn renders
shellfish areas unfit for harvest. To avoid future
pollution problems, Southport will work to expand
sewage treatment facilities,as they are currently
nearing peak -flow capacity.
105

Southport intends to finance these facilities
through grants, taxation, and bond referendums.
Any future development that will substantially
harm or pollute estuarine or coastal waters
using septic systems -will not be permitted.
If the developer will provi.de.a sewage collection
and treatment system the development may be per-
mitted."
C. Solid Waste Disposal: Southport will provide solid
waste disposal for its citizens by the County landfill
systems.
recognizes its role as the provider.of solid
waste disposal service for.Southport's residences,
and businesses. In order to carry out this role,
adequate means of final disposition must always be
available. This may take the form of land application,
incineration, resource recovery, -or landfills.
Since Southport is presently using a County landfill
as its means of solid waste disposal and'will do so
in the foreseeable future, adequate landfill sites
need to be retained for Southport by the County at
all times.
D. Public School System. Southport encourages continued
and expanded multi -purpose use of the public school
facilities for recreation and other purposes.
6. GROWTH PATTERNS
A. Compact -Growth. Southport will follow a "Compact.
Growth Policy." This policy will allow.existing
areas -under development to develop fully before
expansion into new areas. New developmentwill
occur as an expansion of existing fully developed
areas.
In addition, Southport will follow where applicable .
a policy that will allow existing areas under develop-
ment and areas with public facilities to fully develop
before expandinginto new areas and new development
will occur as an expansion from these fully developed
areas.
• B. Provision of Services. Urban growth and development
will be directed to occur in areas where adequate
services are available or planned.
106

C. Population Increase. Southport's policy will be to
discourage a large amont of growth and development
or large increase in population.
D. Segregation Of Conflicting Land Uses. Spatial
segregation of conflicting land uses will be
encouraged.
E. Housing. Southport will work to provide low
income persons with safe, decent, and sanitary
housing by taking advantage of appropriate federal
subsidy programs*.
Southport will encourage a variety of housing
types including single family, duplex, and low
profile apartments. Apartments will be.restricted
to appropriate zoning districts. Apartments will
be permitted only where the full range of urban
services are provided or will be made available.
Southport acknowledges that there are approximately
130 substandard houses in Southport. "The city will
continue strict enforcement of the existing building
code.
F. Recreation. Southport will work to provide neighborhood
recreation areas adequate to serve its population.
G. Commercial Facilities. Southport supports i.ts commercial
and recreational activity and will work to make and
keen H- m attractive and economically sound.
7. CON-TINUING PUBLIC: PARTICIPATION
A. Southport will encourage its citizens to become involved
-in the land use planning process.
Southport realizes an important part of any planning
program is citizen involvement. In order to provide
for this public participation, Southport adopts the
following public involvement policy.
(1) All land use plan and updates will be done with
public participation
Citizen participation in the land use planning
process will be accomplished by utilizing the
following plan:
107

Time Use of'One Year Planning Period
1/3 I. Education
A.
Newspaper
1. News releases
2. Letters to editors
B.
Pamphlets
C.
Public mgetings
1/3 II. Input
A.
Public meetings
B.
Surveys
1. Ma.i1
2. Door to door
3. Telephone
C.
Review and comments
1. Newspaper spread of plan
summary
2. Public review meeting
1/3 III. Support
A.
Use of education and input
properly
B.
Public hearing (formal)
M

C. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
In order to carry out the policies which have been adopted by
Southpnrt, implementation methods are needed. These methods which
are developed are goals and objectives. Goals are ends toward which
actions should be directed; and, objectives are intermediate ends
instrumental to the achievement of a goal they are target statements
achievable'in the scope of the Land Use Plan:
It is important that the city' s officials and citizens support
the goals and objectives enumerated therein. Only "then will the city
retain the character of the policies they have adopted..
Goals and objectives regarding future land use development are
enumerated on the following pages for the City of Southport. Several
strategies are also presented, however, these are not exhaustive
of all possible means of achieving objectives. Other strategies may
be identified by City officials and citizens. The Policy Statements
adopted by the City of Southport are presented in the Policy Statement
section of this plan.
In the broadest sense, the goal of the City of Southport is to
improve the social, economic, and physical environment of the community
as efficiently as possible. Within this broadly stated goal, several
specific.goals and objectives relating the physical development of _
the.area can be 'stated.
lnn

I. GOAL: Preservation and management of natural resources in the South-
port planning area.
A., OBJECTIVE: :Continue the existing City Management system
of preserving and managing: the natural resources,
Strategies:
Continue to prohibit development in any Area of Environmental
Concern which would have a detrimental affect on public trust
waters to the extent that such waters would beclosedto shell-1-
fish harvesting under. standards. set by the .Comini.ssi.on for. Health
Services' pursuant of G,S, 130-169. 01 or violate any. rules,
regulations, or laws of the State of North Carolina or the City
Southport and its extraterritorial jurisdiction i,n which.develop-
ment takes place.
Continue to enforce the adopted Building Code, Zoning Ordinance,
Subdivision Regulations, and Flood Plain Protection and Manage-
ment Ordinance.
Support the --findings of fact and recommendations of appointed
boards, commissions, and professional staff.
Prohibit or restrict development of lands classified Conser.va-..
tion in'the Southport Planning area.
B. OBJECTIVE: Seek to protect wetlands, shellfish areas, sur-
face and ground waters in Southport from contami-
nation and pollution.
Strategies
Support construction to expand the'city's wastewater;Treatment
facilities to meet future demand.
Continue to utilize the Brunswick County solid waste disposal system.
Insure that all County and State health regulations are met for ,
all on -site sewage systems.
Extend the City's water and sewer lines within -areas classified
developed or transition to meet future demand,
II. GOAL:. A variety of safe and decent housing for all residents and visitors.
A. OBJECTIVE: Seek to insure all dwellings are safe and suitable
for habitation.,
3
110

Strategies:
Continue to enforce minimum housing and building.codes.
Continue to enforce all ordinances_ designed to protect home-
owners from natural hazards. -
B. OBJECTIVE: Seek to minimize the number of substandard
dwellings in Southport.
.Strategies:
Aid property.owners in the demolition of dwelling units unfit
for human habitation.
Seek, encourage, and support the development of publicly assisted
housing with Federal aid from such programs as the Farmer's Home
Administration 502 program and the Community Development Act 1974.
Promote the.rehabilitation of substandard dwelling with grants.
Encourage rehabilitation of substandard dwellings through private
investment.
III. GOAL: Accessibility and safety in area transportation.
A. OBJECTIVE: Emphasize safety in the community.
Strategies:
Enforce all traffic regulations to promote safety on the roads.
in Southport.
Insure that all road hazard areas are clearly marked or corrected.
B. OBJECTIVE: Promote a continuous street improvement and
construction program adequate to serve the
community which is compatible with the exist-
ing street system.
Strategies:
Allocate available budget funds for street maintenance and
construction.
Review new residential development plans and insure that
they comply with Subdivision Regulations for transportation
facilities.
111

IV. GOAL: Preservation of the existing "small fishing village" character
and the aesthetic qualities of Southport.
A. OBJECTIVE: Promote the cultural amenities of the community
and involve citizens in.the community activities.
Strategies:
. Continue to offer information center facilities.
Continue to organize community -wide programs and events which
enhance the existing character and amenities.
Promote the history of Southport and its historic sites.
Involve citizens in the re-establishment of the Southport
Brunswick County Historic District Commission.
B. OBJECTIVE: Preserve historic areas and archeological sites.
Strategies:
Seek the re-establishment of the Southport -Brunswick County
Historic District Commission.
Develop and promote a Harbor Preservation Program utilizing
recommendations from the Southport Downtown and Waterfront
Revitalization Plan, 1979.
Support an his_ tori.c invento►�y of Southport .for the Ci.ty's
nomination to the National Register as a Historic District. .
C. OBJECTIVE: Maintain and improve aesthetic qualities of South-
port.
Strategies:
Adopt an ordinance that limits abandoned unregistered vehicles
which have been al.lowed t o remain on public streets and in front
yards.
Combat the increasing litter problems,
Support and implement recommendations for appearance improvements
made in the Southport Downtown and Waterfront Revitalization Plan,
1979.
Maintain and manage all conservation areas for purposes of safety,
recreation, and aesthetics.
Seek and support recommendations from the Southport.Appearance
E Commission for problem areas.
112

C. OBJECTIVE: Promote the redevelopment of the downtown and
waterfront areas in Southport.
Strategies:
Support and implement recornnendations of. the Southport Down-
town and Waterfront Revitalization Plan, 1979.
Develop a strategy for obtaining public funding and private
investment for redevelopment projects.
Develop regulations and standards for redevelopment projects.
Establish a task force to involve community citizens and
businessmen in the redevelopment process and to create community -
wide interest aqd support for redevelopment projects.
V.. GOAL: Adequate and efficient public utilities and community facilities,
services, and programs to meet demands.
A. OBJECTIVE: Promote land use development patterns that allow
services and facilities. to be reasonably and
efficiently provided in the community,
Strategies:
Encourage development in areas classified Developed or
Transition land..
Encourage development within existing corporate limits
and.avoid "urban sprawl" and commercial strip development
patterns.
B. OBJECTIVE: Provide City -Services and facilities to meet
needs of the citizens.of Southport
Strategies
Provide services and facilities to all areas within the
corporate limits before annexing new.areas.
Implement recornnendations of the Capital Improvements
Program Program 1974-1984.
Expand the City's wastewater treatment facilities to meet
future projected demand.
Extend the City's water and sewer lines within the city limits
to meet future projected needs.
113

.
Improve collection and storage of municipal records and
information .to improve efficiency in providing and planning
for facilities, services, and programs ,.by provision of statistical data
. Purchase foam equipment for the Fire Department to better fire
protection and expand.present service.
. Continue to promote and expand programs, facilities, and services
for the elderly.
C. OBJECTIVE: Continue to improve recreational facilities and
programs in the community.
Strategies:
. Develop a park along the waterfront area.
. Establish adequate park and recreational facilities.,
Seek land or monetary donations for park and recreation sites.
Inquire about and seek additional State and Federal funds for
establishing park and recreation facilities.
Continue to offer recreational programs for children and adults
in Southport.
Continue to offer recreational programs and facilities speci-
fically provided for the elderly.
D. OBJECTIVE.: Seek to improve and preserve the existing community
shopping facilities.
Strategies:
.. Preserve the existing central business district through
redevelopment activities and'by encouraging new commercial
esiahlj§hment§ tQ IAEgt@ thpr@:
Encourage a wide variety of commercial establishments to
locate.in Commercial Areas.
Encourage owners in the central business district to cooperate
in the redevelopment and promotion of the downtown shopping
area.
j 4

PART 1Y
LAND
CLASSIFICATION

PART IV.
LAND -. CLASS I F I.CAT I ON
TABLE OF CONTENTS
' A. PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
.117
B. RELATIONSHIP OF LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP TO
POLICY STATEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 118
C. LAND CLASSES
119
1 - Developed .
119
a. Developed�Residential
120
b. Developed Mixed Use
120
c. Developed. Industrial-
120
2 Transition.
120
a. Transition Residential
120
b. Transition Mixed -Up
120
3 Community . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 120
4 Rural . . . . . .
. . 121
�12.1;
a. Rural Residential
- b. Rural Productive
121
5. Conservation. . . . . . . . . . . . .
121
Y D. LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP.. ..
.123
116

A. PURPOSE
' The Nurth Carolina Coastal Area Management' Ac;t Guidelines
require that each city, town, and county.located in the twenty
county -coastal. areas develop a land classification map class-
ifying all.of the land within -a given jurisdiction into one.
of five -classes and their subclasses. The criteria for the
allocation of land into these categories are explicitly _set
forth in the State Guidelines, and the final adopted land
classification maps for the twenty counties are combined into
a coordinated, consistent expression of local policy at the
large regional scale.
A land classification system for Southport has been,
developed as a means of assisting in the implementation of
goals, objectives, and policies. By delineating land classes
on a map, local government and itscitizens can specify those
areas where certain policies.(local, state, and federal) will
apply: .-Although specific areas are outlined on a land class-
ification map, it is merely a tool to help.implement policies
and not a strict.regulatory niachanism.
The land classification system provides.a framework to be
used by local governments to identify the future use of all
lands in the City. The designation:of land classes allows
01 the local government to'illustrate their policy -decisions as
to where and to what density they want growth to occur, and
where natural and cultural resources will -be preserved.
The plans also provide the basis for development regulations
and capital. facility planning and budgeting..
On a regional scale,.the land use plans and the land
classification.map are used as the basis for regional plans
and in their function as regional clearinghouse.for State
and Federal funding programs.
On a State and Federal level, the local _plans are used
as'a major component in the granting.or.denial of permits
for various.developments in the coastal area. State and
Federal agencies must be'certain the plans and decisions
relating to the use of Federal or.State funds are consis-
tent with local government policies. Likewise, projects
being undertaken by State and Federal agencies themselves
must be consistent with the local plans.
117

B RELATIONSHIP OF LAND CLASSIFICATION.MAP TO POLICY.STATEMENTS
The land classification map is a graphic representation
of the policy statements formulated and adopted through the
citizen participation process and conference with local officials.
The 1980 Land Classification Map differs"from the-1975
Ma:p mainly in the areas of revised classification category
criteria and desired development patterns.
In regard to development patterns, the classification of
land reflects existing development patterns as well as the
desired pattern of development as reflected in the policy
statements.
The Developed classification reflects the policy of the
City to guide continuing intensive development into areas,prese
ently provided with public services such as water, sewer,
recreational facilities, and police and fire protection.
The three -subclasses -of Developed are Developed Residential,
Developed Mixed Use, and Developed Industrial. Lands in
agreement with the above policy for Developed areas were classi
fied as one of these subclasses according to the.existing
Southport Zoning Ordinance. Furthermore, the Developed classi-
fication reflects -the compact growth.policy of the.City.
.The Transition classification reflects the'po].icy of the
City to accommodate.development in those areas with existing
or planned: urban -.facilities within the next ten years, and
those areas consistent with the Southport Zoning Ordinance.
The subclasses of the Transition classification are Transition
Residential and Transition Mixed -Use.. Lands in agreement with
the above policy for Transition areas were classified as one of
these subclasses.according to whether planned outlying develop-
ment was to.be strictly residential or a variety of land uses
such as residential, commercial,institutional and recreational.
All classifications of land within these subclasses are in
accordance with the Southport Zoning Ordinance.
The Rural classification reflects the policy of the City
towards the protection of low intensity resource potential
lands as well as the policy -to provide lands for low density
residential development where urban services are neither provid-
ed nor planned. This latter policy is furthcr_supported.by the
City's policy of compact growth and because it is very ineffi-
cient and uneconomical to provide facilities to sparsely -popu-
lated outlying areas. To comply with these twopolicies, the
Rural classification is divided into two subclasses, Rural
Residential and Rural Productive.
11�

w
0.
The Conservation classification reflects the policy of
the City to protect and provide effective long term management
for significant, limited or irreplacable lands. Within the
Conservation classification are areas of environmental concern
and cemetaries.- For a listing of the areas of environmental
concern applicable to Southport, see the Fragile Areas section
of -this plan. Areas of environmental concern are necessarily.
protecte& in accordance with the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act (C.A.M.A.) of 1974; Southport supports all
C.A.M.A regulations.
C. LAND CLASSES.
The land classification system includes five broad classes
which will be identified by all local governments. Planning
units are encouraged, however, to.further subdivide these
broad classes into more specific land use designations. Any
subclasses which are used should be able to be aggregated back
to the original five broad classes.. The five general land
classes are Developed, Transition, Community,.Rural, and Con-
servation. Four of these classes are applicable to Southport;
they are Developed, Transition, Rural, and Conservation._
The inclusion ofa land.area into a land classification
ca'egory.does not dictate the*type of land use that will be
allowed in a particular location.. Several of the classes provide
for and are designed to encourage a variety of land uses.
Although, as indicated above, the specific requirements
of the land classification system are set.forth at the State
level, each jurisdiction's land classification map is developed
locally and adopted by the local governing body prior to sub-
mission, to the Coastal Resources Commission. As a*result of
this process, the land classification map represents a graphic
statement of local government policy with regard to where,
when and to what densities future land development will be
encouraged.
The land classification and their subcategories which
appear on the Southport Land Classification Map are defined as
follows:
,(1) Developed
The -purpose of the developed class is to provide for con-.
tinued intensive development and redevelopment of existing
urbanized areas. To be classified developed, the area should
have a minimum density of 500 dwellings per square mike or
2000 people per quare mile provided With usual public services
including at least water, sewer, recreational facilities, police
and fire protection. The developed class is divided -into three
types: Developed -Residential, Developed Mixed use, and.Developed
Industrial.
119

a. Developed Residential areas are those where both water
ad sewer.services are provided, as well as all other
municipal services. Further residential development
is encouraged to occur first on the vacant land avail-
able in these areas.
b. Developed Mixed -Use areas are those with a full range
of municipal services suitable for a wide variety of
development ranging from residential to commercial
and recreational.
c. Developed Industrial areas specifically include the
land owned by existing industries currently operating
in the Southport area..
(.2) Transition
The purpose of the.Transition class is to provide for future
intensive urban development within the ensuing ten years on
lands that are most suitable and that will be scheduled for pro-,
vision.of necessary publics utilities and services. The tran-
sition lands also -provide for additional growth w::en additional
lands in the Developed class are not available or when they are
severely limited for development.
The Developed and.Transition classes should be the only
lands under active consideration by the City for intensive.
urban development requiring urban services. The area within
these classes is where detailed.expenditures on projects
associated with urban development (water, sewer, urban street
systems, etc.) will be guided to these areas. The Transition
class is divided into two types of use, Transition Residential
and Transition Mixed -Use.
a. Transition Residential includes the areas with partial
municipal facilities provided usually adjacent to developed
residential areas. Only residential use is encouraged
in these areas.
b Transition Mixed -Use includes those areas provided
with partial municipal services. They are more.
suitable than Transition Residential for a wide range
of land uses, including commercial,recreation, office,.
and institutional uses. This is often because of its
location to main traffic arteries.
( 3 ) Community
The purpose of the Community class is to provide for clustered
land development to help meet housing, -shopping, employment,
and. public service needs within rural areas.
I,
120

Lands to be classified Community.are those areas with
the rural areas of planning jurisdictions characterized by a
• small grouping -of mixed land uses, (residences, general store,
church, school, etc.), and which are suitable and appropriate
for small clusters of rural development not requiring munici-
pal sewer service.
This class is not applicable to the Southport area.
(4) Rural
The purpose of the. Rural class is to provide for agri-
culture, forest management, mineral extraction, and other low
intensity uses. Residences may be located within "rural" areas
..where urban services are not required and where natural resources
will not be permanently impaired. The Rural'.class is divided
into two -types of uses., Rural Residential and Rural Productive.
a. Rural Residential provides for low density residential
development where urban services are not provided or
planned and.where natural resources will not be per-
t
manently impaired.
3P
3.
b. Rural Productive provides'.for the effective manage-.
ment of large agriculture and forestry areas.
(5) Conservation
The purpose of the Conservation class is to provide for
effective long term management of significant, limited, or irre-
placeable areas. This management may be needed because of natural,
cultural, recreational, productive, or scenic values. These
areas should not be identified as transition lands in the future.
The Conservation class.is applied to lands that contain:
major wetlands; essentially undeveloped shorelands that are
unique, fragile, or hazardous for development; necessary wild-
life habitat or areas that have a high probability for pro-
viding necessary habitat -conditions; publicly owned water supply
watersheds and aquifers; and forest lands that are undeveloped
and will remain undeveloped for commercial purposes.
The projected permanent and seasonal populations for South-
port in.1990 are the primary input used in the preparation of
the land classificatiosmap. The Developed and Transition
class allocations are all directly related to the expected pop-
ulation'leve]s in 1990. While the Rural class is not a direct
result of population projections, it includes lands that are
not expected to be needed for higher density development and
are essentially "lef t.over" from the above three allocations.
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The Conservation category is the only class which is in no
way related to population, but is allocated based on -indepen-
dent criteria. Most of the land in the Southport city limits
meets the criteria for location to the Developed class.
Lands allocated' to the Transition class are those which
are planned to accommodate a minimum gross density of 2,000
persons per square mile in 1990. They are also areas in which
local government plans to provide both water and sewer -service
within the ensuing ten year period. They basically are areas
in which local government will encourage a,change from the
Transition class to the Developed class in the next ten years.
In accordance with the State Guidelines requirements, the
first priority lands for allocation to the Transition category
were those areas which presently exhibit a gross population
density of 2,000 persons per.quare mile. The second priority
included those areas which have experienced septic tank problems
and/or face potential public health threats in terms of -con-
tamination of on -site -wells or pollution of estuarinewaters to
which much existing residential development is adjacent. The
third priority provided for inclusion,of more areas where future
development is expected and can be clustered through the pro-
vision of services. The fourth priority includes lands located
along existing or proposed service corridors in which higher
density development is to be encouraged.
The State Guidelines identify Conservation lands as areas
that are naturally fragile to intensive development, or areas
which, due to natural or man-made hazards, offer some potential
threat to development and the public health, safety, and welfare.
Lands allocated to the Conservation class should be maintained
in a natural state with only very limited non -intensive use.
Those lands in the Conservation class within the Southport
areas are:
(1) Lands designated as Areas of Environmental Concern
(2) Fragile fresh water wetlands with exceptional scenic
and aesthetic qualities and potential for future
passive and active recreational use
(3) Natural and man-made hazard areas
(4) Cemetaries
All of the remaining land in the;Southport area not included
in the above allocations is classified as either Rural Residential
or Rural. Productive.
Rural Residential lands are lands where low density residential
growth has occurred, or is -projected to occur in the coming
years.- Although they are not provided' with water or sewer
facilities, connec.tion.to the existing County or City water
and sewer systems would be permitted if the cost was borne
by the developer.
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4
Rural Pror'lictive lands are large tracts of land in use
as agricultur forestry producing lands.-
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