Land Use Plan Update: 1980-1990-1981

ELIZABETH CITY
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE: 1980--1990
lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management
JUNE, 1981
I

. 4
STANDARD TITLE PAGE
FOR TECHNICAL REPORTS
• Report No.
U/�
. Recipients Catalog No.
e and 30title
ELIZABETH CITY LAND USE PLAN UPDATE: 1980-1990
5. Report Date
Performing Organization Code
•6.
1. Author(s)B.
Performing Organization Rept: No.
Elizabeth
9. Performing Organization Harm and Address
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Elizabeth City -Planning & Community Qevel opment Dept.
City of Elizabeth City, P. 0. Box 347' t
ontraW rant No.
Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909
9726.
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
13. Type of Report b Period Covered
N. C. Department of Natural Resource_s_& Community Devel
P. 0. Box 27686
pment
14. Sponso,'ngAgency Code .
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
15. upp emeutary nrws
**
16. Abstracts
The Elizabeth City Land Use Plan Update was compiled in response to the requi
ments of the Coastal Area Management Act and is an update of the Plan complet
in 1976. The Update investigates information presented in the earlier report
and revises this information to reflect current and anticipated situations.
Through meetings with city -residents and City elected officials, policies
and implementation strategies were adopted as a guide for the future develop-
ment of land within the City's jurisdiction.
17.7 trey Words and Document Analysis. (a). Descriptors
** The preparation of this report was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management•Program,
through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Coastal Zone Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
17b. Identifiers/Open•Erded Terms
r .
17c. COSATI"Field/Group
18. Distribution Statement
Avai"lable to the public from the Elizabeth
City Planning and Community Development Dept.
19.Security Class (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
86 + A endi I
M.SecwityClass. (This Page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22.Price
e-
d
?s

ELIZABETH CITY
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE: 1980--1990
Prepared For The
City of Elizabeth City, North Carolina
John H. Bell, Jr., Mayor
Tommy M. Combs, City Manager
City Council
A. Parker Midgett, Chairman
Joseph B. Anderson
Annie C. Berry
Ann L. Chory
W. Doug Gardner*
Thomas S. Griffin
J. Frank Weeks
W. G. Williams
By
Planning Commission
R. L. Ford, Chairman
Gerald Bray
Earl Brite
Hersey Combs**
A. B. Etheridge*
Henry Parker
The Elizabeth City Planning and Community Development Department
W. S. Richardson, Director
Donna L. Lema, Planning Technician
Carmalite B. Hooper, Planning Secretary
Goldie Jean Wright, Clerical Assistant
June, 1981
Deceased member
Former member

ELIZABETH CITY LAND USE PLAN UPDATE; 1980-1990
Introduction -•--- ----_.-_.-_........_._.-_-.--r.__--, ---
SECTION 1 -- DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS •-----
Establishment of Information Base
Present Conditions and Economy
-- Current Population Characteristics _-
--- Economic Analysis--_-----_____-.--T__.- ,._.____----
Existing Land Use Acreages and Analysis -^--^-------�
--- Land Compatibility and Unplanned Development
Problems
--- Areas Expected or Likely to Experience Changes in
Predominant Land Use ----------
--- Current Plans, Policies and Regulations---_-._r.�
Constraints: Land Suitability ----- ---- --- •----
--. Air & Soil -Limitations ---------------------------
Natural Hazard Areas ---_.--_.---------------------
Man-Made Hazards ----.__-__-.__-___.__:_-__.__.-_____ram,_
---- Water Supply Sources --------------^-_-----__---„-..
-- Fragile Areas ------- -.----------------------
Areas with Resource Potential ------------ ----
--- Excessive Slope Areas ---------------.-___,..______--
Constraints: Capacity of Community•Facilities------T..
-- Water Service Area _________________.___.
-- Sewer Service ----------------------- -------__ --
Schools-------. -----------------------------
--- Primary Roads ------------------ __.--_.__._--__-_
Estimated Demand
Major Conclusions----_---__---.r._.---,r._.....r:_
1
5
12
14
16
18
20 .
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
23
23 ;
23
26
26
27
30

SECTION I I ----- POLICY STATEMENTS31
Introduction --------------- 31
Resource Protection Policies 31
4 Resource Production and Management Policies 37
.!
Economic and Community Development Policies38
Local Issues for Policy Discussion T---------- 47
SECTION III LAND CLASSIFICATION 54
Land Classification Map54
SECTION IV _-- CITIZEN PARTICIPATION 56
APPENDICES
Appendix A --- Marketing Northeastern North Carolina
for Industry Location/Job Skills and
Labor Availability in Region R - --- 57
Appendix B --- AICUZ (Air Installations Compatibility
Land Use Zoning) Study, U. S. Coast Guard
Support Center, Elizabeth City, North
Carolina--------- ____.____------------ 91
Appendix C --- State Licenses and Permits ---------
Appendix D --- Local Submission of Projects for the
N. C. Transportation Improvements Program 104
Appendix D --- Pasquotank County's letter to the City of
Elizabeth City notifying the City of its 110
designation as a CAMA Planning Area ---
ii

TABLES
Table
1:
Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County School System
Enrollment �^. _._^^_._-_^-T._, . ►��T._.__._.._.___ ^_....
4
Table
2:
Major Companies & Institutions in the Elizabeth
CityArea-T_-__.........---------- ..,.__�___.___.-^__. �
6
Table
3:
Pasquotank County Establishments by Industry:
1970, 1975, 1977 (Excludes government, railroad
and self-employed.) -------
7
Table
4:
Pasquotank County Annual Average Labor Force
Estimates; 1970-1979 ^-^-----^---^
8
Table
5:
Pasquotank County Industrial Employment by
Place of Work -------- .... .,�
9
Table
6:
Pasquotank County Labor Force Commuting
Patterns, 1970----__^-.,..a __t�__._._.w--.-____.^^p r
g
Table
7:
Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County Retail Sales
(in thousands)
10
Table
8:
Pasquotank County Retail Sales by Business
Group-------.---_.__-__-_.__..__�_-____. __._--_-__-^
10
Table
9:
Pasquotank County Unemployment -------------^^
11
Table
10:
Pasquotank County Wage and Other Income Indi-
cators-------------------- _...----------------
12
Table
11:
Land Use Acreage within the City Limits -^----
12
Table
12:
Land Use Acreage within the Extraterritorial
Jurisdiction Boundary -----------------------
13
Table
13:
Total Land Use Acreage within the City Planning
Jurisdiction^---_.^_..._.__.___.__--._._,....�_ ....,,_
13
Table
14:
Population Projections
27
iii

■
Y
Map 1: Generalized Areas for Development •----------
Map 2: City & County Water Service Area----TM--------
Map 3: Sanitary Sewer Service Area
Map 4 : population Projections Map------^-�^----���
Map 5: Existing Land Use -• 1980-------
Map 6: Land Classification Map--��- T-----------
15
24
25
28

INTRODUCTION
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) of 1974 established a program of
coastal management between local governments and the State. The 1980 Land
Use Plan for Elizabeth City, prepared in accordance with the mandate of the
1974 Act, is a tool to provide local, regional, State, and Federal authorities
with the information necessary to make decisions regarding land use planning
within Elizabeth City and its extraterritorial jurisdiction. In.accordance
with the Plans of the neighboring coastal counties in North Carolina, the.
Land Use Plan forms the basis for "a comprehensive plan for.the protection;
preservation, orderly development.and management of coastal areas of North.
Carolina," which is the purpose of the 1974 Act.
Land development generally takes place as a result of decisions�o,f private
individuals and government. If left entirely.to chance, the resulting pattern
of development in a.locality may well not be in the best overall public interest.
In order to promote this community interest for both present and future genera-
tions local governments adopt and keep current land use plans.
The.Land Use'Plan is a framework that will guide local.leaders as -they
make decisions affecting development. Private individuals and other units
of government will also use the Plan to guide their land use decisions. Use
of the Plan will lead to the more efficient and economical provision ofpublic
services, protection of natural.resources, sound economic•development.and the
protection of the public.health and safety.
The City, through the land use planning.process, must, therefore, address
issues and adopt policies that will guide the development of the community.
Many decisions affecting development are made by other levels of government.and
.local provisions must take account of and coincide with established State and
Federal policies; however,' most decisions are primarily of local concern: By
carefully.and explicitly addressing these issues State and Federal government.
will.generally follow local policies which deal with.these issues.
.The City's Land Use Plan Update will essentially.contairi the following
basic elements:, Section 1 - Data, Collection and Analysis; Section II- Policy
Statements; Section III.•- Land Classification; and.Section IV - Citizen Partici
-pation.. These four (4). elements represent the core of the City's update: As
its name implies, this Pl.an.is an update of the previous work accomplished;
and therefore, references are made to the earlier Plan throughout this report.
This Plan should be used in conjunction with the previous Land Use'Plan,adopted.
in 1976.

SECTION I ,,. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
ESTABLISHMENT of INFORMATION BASE
Data collected and analyzed in this Section of the 1980 Update is to
make policy choices about future land use and development in the City.
This process begins with an examination of the current situation and an
estimate of what land use demands are likely to be placed on the Elizabeth
City Planning Area during the ensuing 10-year period.
Data was collected to specifically correlate with information presented
in the 1976 Land Use Plan. This was done to verify trends observed in the
earlier report and to identify any new trends impacting on the future utiliza-
tion.of land within the City's jurisdiction. Some new data was generated,
such as school enrollments to ascertain future population characteristics,
when it was felt necessary to portray the situation within the community.
PRESENT CONDITIONS and ECONOMY
Current Population Characteristics
The 1976 Land Use Plan reported a 2% growth of the City during the 1960's
with a 1970:estimated population of 14,381 as reported by the Census. Preliminary.
1980: Census counts reveal a City population estimate (including recent annexations)
of 13,784`or a 4.2% decrease from, the City's 1970 population.
This decrease had been anticipated.in various prior planning studies,
particularly the 1976 Land Use Plan and 1978 Housing Element, and was within
3% of the 1980 count. Significantly, persons per household decreased from 2.99
in 1970 to 2.53 in 1980; this occurred as the number of housing units increased
slightly (4.2%) within the City.
while detailed 1980 Census data is not available for analysis, the previous
declining birth rate and continuous net out -migration rate of .05% per year.
are undoubtedly major factors in the City population loss and decline in persons
per household. Based on past trends, the 20-44 years -of -age group appears to be
particularly vulnerable and has been decreasing as a percentage of the total
population. Conversely, the 45-65 and 65 and over age groups are increasing
as a percentage of the total population.
An -analysis of recent school enrollment data (See Table 1) provided by the
Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County School System further supports the skewing of.
the City's population into the older age categories. School enrollment declined'
4.4% from the 1974775 to 1978-79 school terms. Enrollments are projected to
continue declining with a 1983-84 school term enrollment_ over-800 (14%) less
than the 1978-79.enrollment.
2

As a result of this information, the 1976 plan predicted (and the current
data still supports) a greater need for the delivery of services to the elderly,
particularly the area of health care, housing, recreation, and transportation,
as the population within the older age groups increases.
Population estimates available from preliminary Census counts indicate
a 1980 population of 28,462 for Pasquotank County, a 6.1% increase from the 1970
Census count of 26,824. Accordingly, as a proportion of'the total County popu-
lation, the City declined from 53.6% in 1970 to 48.2% in 1980. Preliminary
Census township data also reveals stable growth throughout the County except
for the Elizabeth City Township which experienced a 7.8% decline. Mt. Hermon
Township, adjacent and west of the City, experienced a 44% increase, the greatest
growth percentage within the County during the decade.
Analysis of age, sex, race and other demographic trends within the City will
have to be made when Enumeration District data is available from the Census.
However, from the preliminary data it is abundantly clear that the distribution
of population within the County is shifting from the City proper into the rural
portions of the County, particularly westward into Mt. Herman Township. This
trend is substantiated by building permit activity as reported by the Chief
Building Inspector. New construction and subdivision development is occurring
adjacent to the City where there is ample reasonably priced vacant land for
development:, convenient to City services and without the tax liability.
As County areas surrounding the City become more populous and urban in
character, there will be a greater demand for urban services such as public
sewer, neighborhood parks and playgrounds, trash collection, zoning, etc.
This will dictate greater coordination and cooperation between the City and County
governments in order to avoid duplication and provide the most cost-efficient
services.
Seasonal Population Changes,
Elizabeth City experiences little in the way of seasonal population change
due to tourism except along the U.S. 17 artery. Interviews with local motel
owners along this route substantiate the findings in the 1976 Plan that show
an increase in motel visitors during June, July and August No new additions
have been made to the 346 motel and hotel units in the area.
The four-laning of U.S. 17 from the Virginia line to the City should
increase the area's attractiveness to tourists but essentially as a "gateway" to
the Outer Banks and the historic areas of the Albemarle Area (ie, Edenton).
Historically, the area has not developed as a destination point for tourists
but essentially provides temporary lodging and eating facilities for travelers.
The proximity of the City to the Dismal Swamp Park will hopefully draw more
tourists to the area as facilities are developed and its visitor population
increases.
3

The two colleges and one university in the area foster additional but
limited seasonal population in the community. Elizabeth City State University
experiences the most seasonal population variation with a fall and winter
_ enrollment of approximately 1,500 students dropping to approximately 500
during the summer. Roanoke Bible College and College of the Albemarle report
experiencing little overall fluxuations. In the 1976 Plan approximately 12%
or 371 of the students enrolled in these three local higher learning institu-
tions resided in housing aside from college residence halls. Based upon con-
versations with the local institutions, the off campus housing demand is anti-
cipated to increase within the 400-500 range by 1985.
TABLE 1: Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County School System Enrollment
GRADE
1974-74
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
K
161
213
350
339
323
1
411
437
483
474
407
2
426
410
427
473
441
3
449
406
391
432
459
4
471
454
416
387
413
5
528
465
459
448
381
6
536
523
448
456
434
7
544
554
524
454
515
8
598
545
586
570
486
9
564
597
537
534
508
10
533
552
630
561
496
11
490
515
479
554
522
12
342
397
390
372
420
SP
64
78
49
45
40
TOTALS
6,117
6,146
6,169
6,099
5,845
4

Economy Analysis
The following economic analysis provides an updated and expanded investi-
gation since the previous Land Use Plan. Major elements of this investigation _
include data on the local industry mix, labor force and employment characteristics,
retail sales, unemployment and income and cost of living.
Current Overview
1
Elizabeth City functions as the regional retail trade and service center
for Pasquotank County and the seven to nine surrounding counties of the agri-
cultural Albemarle region. Agriculture is the major economic activity in the
City's retail trade and service area with approximately 56,OOO acres under cul-
tivation in Pasquotank County alone. Corn, Soybeans, cabbage and white potatoes
are the major crops with swine being the chief livestock produced.. In 1978
Pasquotank County agriculture provided revenues of approximately $32,605,000.
Government is a major economic factor with City, County and State offices
and facilities located in the City. The United States Coast Guard also maintains
an air base, training complex, and major supply center on the outskirts of the
City and is the area's largest single employer.
Industry in the City and within five miles of the City include lumber mills,
building material -suppliers, construction contractors, cotton yarn mill, a machine
shop and foundry, paper box, furniture and children's wear manufacturers, feed
and grain dealers and a newspaper publisher.
In 1976, the Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County Industrial Development Commis-.
sion was formed to promote industrial and commercial growth in the Elizabeth City-
Pasquotank County area. The commission is jointly funded by the City and County
and employs a full time Executive Director to solicit industry for .the area. A
42-acre industrial park, adjacent to the City limits off Weeksville Road, was
purchased in 1976 and is available for light industry. All utilities, access
roads and rail service are available and a 43,200 square foot speculative building
was completed in 1980. To date two firms (Albemarle Electric, Leslie Company)
have located in the Park.
In addition, three institutions of higher learning and several medical insti-
tutions are located within the City and serve the Albemarle region.
The following table lists the major companies and institutions within the
Elizabeth City area, their services or products and their approximate number of
employees:
1.
5

TABLE 2: Major Companies and Institutions in the Elizabeth City Area
Company or Institution
I -XL Furniture
(Subsidiary of Triangle -Pacific)
Elizabeth City Cotton Mill
United States Coast Guard
College of the Albemarle
Albemarle Hospital
Elizabeth City State University
Carolina Telephone Company
City of Elizabeth City
Elizabeth City-Pasquotank
County Administrative Unit
Industry Mix
Service or Product
Cabinets
Cotton Yarn
Airbase and Supply Center
Education
Medical
Education
Communications
Government
Education
Approximate Number
of Employees
500
120
1,230
585
455
340
271
215
ME
As pointed out in the 1975 Economic Analysis of Elizabeth City there has
been a steady shift in the balance of trade from export to service type activities
within the Elizabeth City area between 1962 and 1973. Export activities are
activities such as manufacturing, that bring about an inflow of income from
the outside and produce an income multiplier effect on the local economy.
Service type activities include professional occupations, retail and wholesale
trade, construction, finance, etc., and generate an inflow of goods and an
outflow of income. Service type activities do produce local turnover of income
but generally not as great an income multiplier as export type activities.
This trend appears to be continuing as seen by a review of County business
patterns from 1970 to 1977 (See Table 3). Although no separate data is given
for the City, most of the industries listed in Table 3 are located within the
City's extraterritorial area (1 to 2 miles from the City) and therefore, repre-
sentative of the City's business pattern. Overall, the number of manufacturing
firms declined slightly while service type businesses such as construction and
wholesale/retail trade increased. These figures do not reflect the closing of
L. R. Foreman & Son (lumber, 172 employees) and Supak & Sons, (children's wear,
165 employees) the area's second and third largest manufacturing employers, and
the subsequent opening of Chesapeake Lumber Company, (lumber, 80-90 employees)
and Sload Manufacturing, (cut -&-sew, 30 employees)/Atlanta Knitting Mills,
(cut -&-sew, 60 employees, maximum).
Labor Force and Employment Characteristics Past and Current
Annual labor force estimates are presented in Table 4. In general, the
County (separate figures for the City are not available) experienced a 17.5%
increase in the civilian labor pool since 1970 with a slightly higher corres-
ponding rise (19.1%) in the total employment of this labor force. Analysis
M

v
TABLE 3: Pasquotank County Establishments by Industry: 1970, 1975, 1977
(Excludes government,
railroad, and
self-employed)
INDUSTRY
NUMBER of
ESTABLISHMENTS
% OF CHANGE
% OF CHANGE
1970
1975 1977
FROM 1970-'77
FROM 1975-'77
Manufacturing
36
32 32
-11.1
0
Contract Construction
34
-45 56
64.7
22.4
Transportation, communication,
other public utilities
23
14 18
-21.7
28.6
Wholesale Trade
41
52 54
31.7
3.8
Retail Trade
161
185 205
27.3
10.8
Finance, insurance,
real estate
47
46 53
12.8
15.2
Services
153
164 185
20.9
12.8
TOTAL
495
538 603
21.8
12.1
SOURCE: County Business Patterns - North Carolina; U.S. Bureau of the Census
C 9

of County employment trends shows a substantial decrease (31.8%) in agricultural
employment since 1970. Proportionately agricultural employment represents 4.1%
of 1979's total employment compared to 7.20 of 1970's This parallels national
and State trends as farming becomes more mechanized and less labor intensive.
During the same period, non-agricultural wages and salary employment increased
by 24.6%. These estimates reflect data based on place of residence rather than
place of work and only include the civilian labor force (ie, the total number
of employed and unemployed persons, excluding military personnel).
TABLE 4: Pasquotank County* Annual Average Labor Force Estimates: 1970-1979
1979
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
12,020
11,850
11,720
10,620
10,670
10,230
UNEMPLOYMENT, TOTAL
610
500
570
480
660
650
Rate of Unemployment
5.1
4.2
4.9
4.5
6.2
6.4
EMPLOYMENT,.TOTAL
11,410
11,350
11.150
10,140
10,010
9,580
Agricultural Employment
470
500
670
610
690
690
Nonag. Wage & Salary Employment
9,210
9,150
9,850
8,020
7,800
7,390
All Other Nonag. Employment 2/
1,730
1,700
1,630
1,510
1,520
1,500
* Separate figures for the City are not available.
J Data based on place of residence. "Civilian
Labor Force" defined as the
total number
of employed and
unemployed
persons, 'excluding military perscnnel.
2/ Includes Nonagricultural self-employed
workers,
unpaid family
workers, and domestic workers in private
households.
DATA SOURCE: Employment Security Commission, Labor Force Estimates, October, 1980
When analyzing Pasquotank County employment by place of work, (ie, those
persons actually working in the County but who may ,or may not live in the County)
a further reinforcement of the continuing shift in balance of trade from manufac-
turing or export type employment to non -manufacturing or service type employment
is found (See Table 5, page 9). While employment within the County increased
overall in the area during the seventies, manufacturing employment decreased as
a proportion of the total employment, particularly in the non -lumber and wood
manufacturing area such as textiles, apparel, etc. Trade exhibited the largest
growth.
Commuter Trends
Analysis of commuter patterns in 1970 indicated that the County had a slight
gain in workers commuting into the County as opposed to residents commuting to
other employment centers, most notably the southeastern Virginia metropolitan
area. While 1980 Census data is not available, the Director of the local
Employment Security Commission office has indicated that he feels the 1970
pattern is continuing today. The higher wages offered in the southeastern Virginia
metropolitan area (a 1979 Manufacturing Production Average of $6.19 for southeastern
,Virginia versus $3.75 locally) appears to be a major inducement, particularly for
local skilled craftsmen and production workers. (See Appendix A, Job Skills and
Labor Availability in Region R.)
9

TABLE 5: Pasquotank County* Industrial. Employment by Place of Work 1/
1979 1977 1975 1973 1971
No. No. % :5 No. % No. % No.
MANUFACTURING -
Lumber & Wood 880( 8.7%) 740( 7.8%) 840( 9.5%) 370( 4.4%) 360( 4.6%)
All other
manufacturing J 630( 6.3%) 650( 6.87) 670( 7.7%) 1,460(17.2%) 1,330(17.0%)
Manufacturing total 1,510(15.0%) 1,390(14.6%) 1,510(17.2%) 1,830(21.8%) 1,690(21.6%)
NON -MANUFACTURING
Construction 350( 3.5%) 320( 3.4%) 290( 3.3%) 330( 3.9%) 330( 4.2%)
Transportation,
Cormunications &
Public Utilities 540( 5.4%) 470( 4.9%) 410( 4.7%) 410( 4.9%) 380( 4.9%)
Trade 2,740(27.4%) 2,440(25.6%) 2,170(24.7%) 2,090(24.9%) 1,780(22.8%)
Finance,
Insurance, &
Real Estate 530( 5.3%) 510( 5.4%) 450( 5.1%) 330( 3.9%) 370( 4.7%)
Service 1,270(12.6%) 890( 9.3%) 880(10.0%) 750( 8.9%) 930(12.0%)
Government 3,060(30.4%) 3,460(36.3%) 3,050(34.7%) 2,640(31.5%) 2,340(30.0%)
Other Non -
manufacturing J 60( .6%) 50( .5%) 40( .5%) IN .1%) 0( 0.0%)
Non -Manufacturing total 8,550(84.81.) 8,140(85.4%) 7,290(73.8%) 6,560(78.2%) 6,130(78.6%)
EMPLOYMENT,TOTAL 10,060(1001.) 9,530(100%) 8,800(100%) 8,390(100%) 7,820(100%)
* Separate figures for the City are not available.
lndustry segments are not additive to the "Nonag. Wage & Salary Employ." shown under "CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE"
since labor force data are by "Place of Residence".
J Includes Food; Textiles; Apparel; Furniture; Paper; Printing; Chemicals; Stone, Clay, & Glass; Nonelec. Machinery;
Transportation Equipment; and Instruments.
3/ Includes Aqricultural Services; Forestry; and Mining.
DATA SOURCE: Employnent Security Comission, Labor Force Estinatos, October, 1980
TABLE 6: Pasquotank County Labor Force Commuting Patterns, 1970
Net Worker Commuting Gain 34
Worker Commuting Gains, total 1,551 Worker Commuting Losses, total 1,517
Mainly from: Mainly to
Camden 583 Currituck 188 Camden 87 Perquimans 102
Perquimans 350 Other 430 Norfolk, VA 768 Other - 560
SOURCE: N.C. Department of Commerce, Job Skills and Labor Availability in
Region R, 1980.
f
to
0]

Retail Sales
While ongoing double-digit inflation makes any analysis of retail sales
tricky, the increase in retail sales as seen in the following table tends to
further support the increasing service orientation of the local economy. Not
surprizing is the dominance of the City as the retail center of the County
though this dominance is beginning to show a slight decrease (4.5% since 1975).
TABLE 7: Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County Retail Sales (in thousands)
YEAR
CITY
COUNTY CITY'S
% OF COUNTY RETAIL SALES
1975
92,403
103,451
89.3%
1976
108,069
121,415
89.0%
1977
121,473
138,359
87.7%
1978
128,025
148,425
86.2%
1979
13531287
158,811
85.1%
1980*
22,085
25,877
85.3%
* January, 1980,
through October, 1980,
only
SOURCEL
Elizabeth City Area
Chamber of Commerce
Proportionately, retail sales by Business Group appear to have remained
fairly constant.
TABLE 8: Pasquotank
County Retail Sales by Business
Group
RETAIL SALES (in
thousands)
FY 170-'71
FY 175-476
No.
%
No.
Apparel
1,810
3.2
2,838
3.0
Automotive
10,313
18.3
17,416
18.1
Food
16,944
30.2
31,066
32.3
Furniture
3,173
5.7
4,976
5.3
J
General Merchandise
14,621
26.1
21,449
22.3
Building Materials
3,973
7.1
8,636
9.0
Unclassified Group
5,259
9.4
9,835
10.2
56,093
100%
96,216
100%
SOURCE: Profile, North Carolina
Counties, 1977 Edition
10

Unemployment
The Employment Security Commission has estimated the percent of unemployment
in the County to be as follows:
TABLE 9:
Pasquotank County
Unemployment
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
January
6.3%
5.5%
6.6%
7.0%
5.8%
February
6.4%
6.2%
5.8%
6.4%
6.7%
March
6.7%
6.7%
5.5%
5.0%
5.4%
April
4.0%
5.1%
3.7%
6.0%
6.0%
May
3.7%
3.9%
3.7%
3.9%
6.3%
June
4.6%
4.8%
4.0%
5.5%
8.3%
July
4.7%
4.4%
4.9%
5.1%
8.6%
August
4.0%
4.0%
3.6%
4.6%
8.9%
September
3.9%
4.3%
3.2%
4.8%
7.7%
October
4.4%
4.1%
4.0%
5.3%
8.6%
November
5.9%
6.3%
6.0%
5.4%
8.4%
December
4.5%
5.1%
5.6%
4.9%
7.2%
SOURCE: North Carolina
Employment Security Commission
Unemployment rates have remained reasonably stable except for 1980 when the
unemployment rate was the highest in over twenty years. Historically, winter
months experience higher local unemployment since construction and agriculture
activity is lessened.
Income and Cost of Living
Per Capita Income as seen in Table 10 has steadily increased with the County
ranking 23rd in per capita income Statewide. The American Chamber of Commerce
Researchers Association (ACCRA) has estimated in its fourth qyarter 1980 Cost
of Living Index that the City is 4.5% below the national average for cost of
living. The ACCRA Index measures intercity differences in the cost of consumer
expenditures. The index is based on 44 items (groceries, housing, utilities, trans-
portation, etc.) for which prices are collected quarterly by the local Chamber.
11

TABLE 10: Pasquotank County Wage and Other Income Indicators
Per Capita Income County Tax Filers
Adjusted Gross
1978 1977 1976 Income Levels Number Percent
$5,533 $5,073 $4,765 0 - 5000 4,608 37.3%
0 - 8000 7,031 56.0%
15,000 & over 1,994 16.1%
Total 12,361
SOURCE: North Carolina Department of Commerce, Job Skills and Labor
Availability in Region R, 1980
EXISTING LAND USE ACREAGES and ANALYSIS
The 1980 Land Use Plan updates the existing land use information for the
Elizabeth City area. As seen in the existing land use map and in Tables 11,
12, and 13, changes in residential, commercial and industrial land use patterns
have been noted.
TABLE 11: Land Use Acreage within the City Limits
LAND USE 1980 % 1975
SURVEY SURVEY
• Residential 971.90 (31.70) 828.79
Commercial & Busi-
ness services 206.38 ( 6.78) 190.74
Manufacturing &
Industry 82.43 ( 2.69) 31.73
Transportation,
communications,
& utilities 368.50 (12.02) 334.05
Governmenta l ,
institutional,
8 cultural
services 350.54 (11.43) 246.29
Parks & Open Space 33.87 ( 1.10) 33.05
Agriculture 112.10 ( 3.66) 75.06
Forest 88.37 ( 2.88) 65.22
Noosed Swamps 120.79 ( 3.94) 51.28
Vacant
Undeveloped 306.74 (10.00) 230.06
Water Areas 424.61 (13.85) 391.93
TOTAL CITY 3,066.23 (100%) 2,473.20
SOURCE: (a) 1980 Land Use'Survey and Analysis
(b) 1975 Land Use Survey and Analysis
(c) 1966 Land Development Plan
d) 1959 Land Development Plan
%
1966 LAND
%
1959 LAND
%
DEVELOP-
DEVELOP-
MENT PLAN
MENT PLAN
(33.44)
828
(31.45)
674.48
(26.01)
( 7.70)
91
( 3.46)
76.85
( 2.96)
( 1.28)
22
( .84)
40.62
( 1.57)
(13.48)
639
(24.27)
664.85
(25.64)
( 9.94)
127
( 4.82)
190.60
( 7.35)
( 1.33)
(Not given)
(Not given)
( 3.03)
(Total agri-
(Not given)
cultural,
( 2.63)
forest,
(Not given)
( 2.07)
and vacant
land equals
(Not given)
926)
(35.17)
( 9.28)
575.49
(22.19)
(15.82)
(Not given)
370.00
(14.27)
(100%)
2,633
(100%)
2,592.89
(100%)
12

TABLE 12: Land Use Acreage within the Extraterritorial Zoning Jurisdiction Boundary
LAND USE 1980
%
1975
%
1966 PLAN (1
%
SURVEY
SURVEY
MILE OUTSIDE
CITY)
Residential 685.06
( 8.53)
698.07
( 8.11)
220.00
( 7.67)
Commercial &
Business services 97.82
( 1.22)
94.75
( 1.10)
69.00
( 2.41)
Manufacturing &Industry 20.69
( .26)
71.39
( .83)
95.00
( 3.31)
Transportation,
communications & utilities 594.24
( 7.40)
628.69
( 7.31)
314.00
(10.94).
Governmental, institutional,
& cultural services 78.10
( .97)
175.11
( 2.03)
160.00
( 5.58)
Parks & Open Space 4.32
( .05)
5.14
( .06)
(Included in
-------
governmental)
Agricultural 3,087.16
(38.43)
3,127.56
(36.34)
2,011.00
(70.09)
(Vacant, agri-
cultural, and
wooded land)
Forest 787.44
( 9.80)
956.67
(11.12)
Wooded swamps 1,394.87
(17.36)
1,464.38
(17.02)
Vacant undeveloped 226.73
( 2.82)
294.52
( 3.42)
Water areas 1,056.77
(13.66)
1,089.45
(12.66)
(Not given)
Total in extraterritorial
zoning jurisdiction 8,033.20
(100'%)
8,605.73
(100%)
2,869.00
(100%)
DATA SOURCES:
(a) 1980 Land Use Survey and Analysis
(b) 1975 Land Use Survey and Analysis
(c) 1966 Land Development Plan
TABLE 13: Total Land Use
Acreage within
the City
Planning Jurisdiction
LAND USE
1980
%
1975
%.
ACREAGE
ACREAGE
Residential
1,656.96
(14.93)
1,526.86
(13.78)
Commercial and
business services
304.20
( 2.74)
285.49
( 2.58)
Manufacturing
and industry
103.12
( .93)
103.12
( .93)
Transportation,
communications,
and utilities
962.74
( 8.67)
962.74
( 8.69)
Governmental,
institutional,
cultural and
health services
428.64
( 3.86)
421.40
( 3.80)
Parks and open space
38.19
( .34)
38.19
( .34)
Agricultural
3,199.26
(28.82)
3,202.62
(28.89)
Forest
875.81
( 7.89)
1,021.89
( 9.22)
Wooded swamps
1,515.66
(13.66)
1,515.66
(13.67)
Vacant undeveloped
533.47
( 4.81)
524.58
( 4.73)
Water areas
1,481.38
(13.35)
1,481.38
(13.37)
TOTAL ACREAGE
11,099.43
(100%)
11,083.93
(100a)
Total Acreage:
Without water area:
9,618.05
acres or 15.03
square miles
l With water areas:
11,099.43
acres or 17.34
square miles
Within City limits without water
areas: 2,641.62
acres or
4.13 square miles
Within City limits with water areas: 3,066.23
acres or
4.79 square miles
1
u
13

Since 1975 the City has expanded approximately 600 acres (24.3%) through.
voluntary and involuntary annexation and, as seen in the above tables, has added
significantly to the City's manufacturing and industrial (160% increase), insti-
tutional (42% increase), and available vacant (33% increase) acreage. Proportionally,
residential acreage has remained fairly constant within the City and extraterritorial
areas since the mid sixties with a slight (1.2%) overall increase within the total
planning jurisdiction. The relatively low residential density (6.36 units/acre)
within the City has remained constant and new development is anticipated to continue
this pattern.
Lard Compatibility and Unplanned Development Problems
The problems of land use compatibility and unplanned development are essen-
tially identical to those mentioned in the 1976 Land Use Plan (pg 12-17). Spot
zoning has continued to contribute to incompatibility problems by locating small -
parcel industrial and commercial uses in predominantly residential areas. Addi-
tionally, strip development along the City's major thoroughfares, particularly
Ehringhaus, and its subsequent visual and congestion problems from uncontrolled
signs and advertisements still greatly detracts from the appearance and function
of the City. However, flood plain development, as identified in the earlier Plan
has been strictly controlled through the Flood Plain Ordinance and is not seen as
a significant problem.
During the last five years, however, several other issues have arisen that
deal with land use compatibility and unplanned growth. The completion of the
AICUZ (Air Installation Compatible Use Zone) Study in 1980 for the United States
Coast Guard Support Center identified future potential incompatibility problems
such as aircraft noise and accident exposure resulting from air operations at the
facility. The purpose of the AICUZ is to develop a plan to ensure future compatible
growth around the Air Base. A major element of the plan is to regulate future urban
encroachment by the City so as to affect the air station's mission or the well-being
of those living or working within the airport's environs. Several implementation
actions, such as acquisition of clear zone properties, zoning revisions, sound
proof construction requirements, etc., have been proposed by the Study to reduce
incompatibility problems. (See Appendix B.)
Land clearing activities involving hedgerow burning outside of the extra-
territorial jurisdiction to open up.over 100,000 acres of cropland have periodically
created smoke problems for the Elizabeth City area. Large areas of the City have
been engulfed in smoke during temperature inversions causing health and safety
problems for City residents. While land clearing activities of this type may
be considered an example of incompatibility between agricultural and urban land
uses, the temporary nature of the problem and the lack of an effective alterna-
tive suggests that the problem can best be regulated through the permit procedure
now enforced by the State Division of Forest Resources rather than through land
use control mechanisms.
14

.II. � I I • }
••------
fi
GEWERALIZ AREAS FO.R OPP-9`
O EXISTING GRO ARE VI CANT • D-AVAI LA '� rr ,r•
EXISTING V ANT AN IITH EV ENT OBE IAL /1 `
�• \ 'r aDO�70C
Crry :• NORM CARCLPA
q [Ym.0 G/ Wm1 D�a"44&V Mot of
1 - - /• �� { t III\ �.
.. i sr\si•ser�iaAx+i..a``;\;\s.AC?M.m� ! �t...sfnCQ�:r�c•...wa:aw.,G :.y-aw..vmN.w[..-�, s.—�!. �.y..r+s; �.:x,��•R � ,pegµ ►+.)

Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Changes in Predominant Land Use
Residential
The residential development pattern in the Urban area between 1976 and
1980 continued along the trends observed earlier - ie, most new residential
development occuring in areas adjacent to the City limits in previously platted
subdivisions or infilling.of available parcels within the City.
Residential land use has continued in the extraterritorial area along Main
Street, Perkins Road and Church Street areas (Mt. Hermon Township). Construc-
tion is continuing within the subdivisions (Forest Park, Ulster Gardens, Hickory
Acres and Brite Meadows) relatively adjacent to the City limits and is expected
to continue as a major residential growth area.
Another area anticipated for continued residential development is the Halstead
Boulevard-Weeksville Road and Oak Stump Road areas because of ready access to
schools, shopping centers and utilities. Since 1976,.residential growth along
the Halstead Boulevard-Weeksville Road corridor has been pronounced. Coast
Guard Housing (72 units), Elizabeth City Gardens (76 units), and Hickory Village
Mobile Home Park expansion (108 units) have added significantly to the City's
multi -family and mobile home housing stock. The Oak Stump Road area has seen
continued infilling of Chesterfield Heights, Chapel Gardens and Briarwood
subdivisions, where the soils do not restrict septic tank installations. One
new subdivision, Northeastern Terrace, has received preliminary plat approval
for a site e.djacent to the High School. A third area of increased residential
land use is an area (Pine Lanes) along U.S. 17 north of the City. All of this
area is beyond the City's Extraterritorial Zoning Jurisdiction Boundary.
Within the City limits, the City has been a major developer with its Walnut
Street project. Thirty-five Section 8 units have received preliminary approval
for construction and 13 parcels have been transferred for private single-family
development. Additionally, approximately 119 units will receive rehabilitation
assistance through the City's Sawyer 'Town Neighborhood Revitalization Program
in an attempt to preserve the existing housing stock of the City. Other major
multi -family developments within the City since 1976 have included Woodstock
Apartments (118 units) off Walkers Avenue, Melbourne Apartments (8 units) on
Williams Circle, Elizabeth Manor expansion (54 units) off Roanoke Avenue and
24 units off Parkview adjacent to Elizabeth City State University by Griffin
Group, Ltd. The City's first waterfront condominium project (Casa Del Puerto)
was completed in 1979 within the downtown, providing a new housing alternative
for -this part of the City.
Commercial
The City's Central Business District is generally bounded east -west by Road
Street and the River and north -south by Elizabeth Street and Ehringhaus Street.
Since the previous Land Use Plan, this area has continued to lose retail estab-
lishments. The downtown is evolving into an office and financial center with
the trend likely to continue as new outlying commercial centers develop along
the City's major thoroughfares and become more attractive to new retailers.
In adequate access and parking, a general deterioration of structures along
16

the side streets off Main Street and a lack of downtown merchandising and
special events have given a powerful stimuli to the peripheral commercial
developments on the western edge of the City and along the U.S. 17 Bypass.
The retail center of the City has shifted to the Southgate Mall -Holly
Square area (Ehringhaus and Halstead Boulevard intersection) and along
Ehringhaus Street, the fastest developing strip commercial area in the City.
Another strip commercial area exists along U.S. 17 North and South (Hughes
Boulevard). Future commercial development along Ehringhaus and Hughes Boule-
vard will involve infilling of presently vacant areas. Major new commercial
development is anticipated along Halstead Boulevard particularly between
Ehringhaus Street and the Norfolk and Southern Railroad tracks where there is
ample open land for development. Additionally, continued residential growth
and the four-laning of U.S. 17 North could promote the development of a small
shopping center complex within the extraterritorial area along U.S. 17.
While the trend toward strip commercial development along the City's
major thoroughfares has continued unabated in the past four years, the City
has implemented zoning changes that will require large lot or cluster develop-
ment on major thoroughfares to hopefully alleviate some of the adverse effects
of continuous strip development.
Industrial
As mentioned previously in the section on economy, since 1976 the City'
has developed a 42-acre industrial park in the southeast portion of the urban
area off Weeksville Road to accommodate new industrial uses. Efforts by the
joint City -County Industrial Development Commission have -already located two
firms within the Park, and this area will be given priority promotion by the
Commission's staff. The abundance of industrially zoned property adjacent to
the Park and the availability of rail and utilities tends to promote future
industrial development on the south side of Weeksville Road between the indus-
trial park and United States Coast Guard Airbase. Much of this land is presently.
agricultural.
Institutional
Both Elizabeth City State University and the College of the Albemarle have
undertaken major physical plant improvement programs since the previous land
use plan which will affect the future land use pattern of the City. ECSU is
currently developing a stadium complex in the Herrington Road -Halstead Boulevard
area adjacent to the existing main campus which will ultimately provide a foot-
ball and track stadium with associated parking facilities. A continuing education
Y
17

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campus of 69 acres is also under construction off Edgewood Drive which will
ultimately expand to River Road. COA is also completing construction of a new
main campus off U.S. 17 north of the City and disposing through bid process
of its 3.5 acre Riverside Avenue campus. Since both of these institutions are
major activity centers for the City, their expansion will undoubtedly affect
future transportation patterns and development on adjacent properties.
Areas of Environmental Concern
As noted in the Plan, designated Areas of Environmental Concern (AFC's)
within the extraterritorial jurisdiction include Estuarine Waters, Public
Trust Waters and Estuarine Shoreline. Estuarine waters are constituted by
that part of the Pasquotank River from the Camden Causeway Bridge downstream
within the City's extraterritorial jurisdiction. All inland waters above the
Camden Causeway Bridge are considered public trust waters, including Charles and
Knobbs Creeks. Additionally, the City has an estuarine shoreline AEC which is
essentially a 75' border strip along the estuarine waters, ie, from the Camden
Causeway Bridge downstream. There are no major locations of coastal wetlands
identified within the planning jurisdiction.
Current Plans, Policies & Regulations
The 1976 Land Use Plan contains a comprehensive list of plans, policies
and regulations for the Elizabeth City study area (pg. 29-35). Since comple-
tion of the 1976 Plan, the following material has been compiled for use by
City officials:
.1977 --- Evaluation Study For A Downtown Funding Mechanism: A study of various
potential funding mechanisms for downtown improvements and in particular
the development of a municipal service district.
1977 --- Halstead Boulevard Development and Growth Study: A policy guideline
for the growth management of development along Halstead Boulevard
including zoning, land use and subdivision control amendments and
reliance upon the Land Use Plan as a management tool.
1977 --- Wastewater (201) Facilities Plan for the Elizabeth City Area, North
Carolina: A comprehensive, long-range plan which addresses wastewater
needs in the ensuing 20-year period and proposes a master plan for
meeting the wastewater needs in the most cost-effective manner.
1978 --- Flood Plain Ordinance: An ordinance to provide for restrictions or
limitations within the City's flood prone lands as designated by the
United States Corps of Engineers. The Ordinance is administered by
the City's Building Inspections Department.
1978 --- Thoroughfare Plan: A joint Department of Transportation and City plan
to accommodate the future needs of the Elizabeth City planning area to
the year 2000 based upon anticipated future land use and travel forecasts.
(Currently under study.)
RU

1978 --- The Comprehensive Plan: Housing Study: A plan which assesses the
City's present and anticipated housing needs and proposes a policy plan
by which the City will be able to meet these needs.
1979 --- A Transit Program for Elizabeth City: A plan which addresses the mobility
needs of elderly and low-income residents of the City and the potential
need for public transportation to enhance the growth and development
of Elizabeth City as a shopping and service center for the region.
1979 --- Capital Improvements Budget Update: A recommended capital improvements
budget through FY 1983-84 including financial considerations; prior,
existing and projected revenues and expenditures; capital improvement
outlays and history.
1980 --- Subdivision Regulations: An ordinance to establish procedures and stan-
dards for the subdivision of land within the jurisdiction of the City.
The Ordinance is administered by a Technical Review Committee composed
of the various City Department Heads involved in providing services
needed in land development.
1980 --- Historic District Ordinance: An ordinance to designate a local historic
district and district commission following boundaries identical to those
of the National Register Historic District. (Currently under study.)
1980 --- Waterfront Development Study: A study which assesses the City's water-
front areas to determined.how these resources can be developed in a posi-
tive fashion to enhance the City's economic growth in a manner consis-
tent with the community's historic,scenic and cultural values. (Currently
under study.)
1980 --- Solid Waste Planning Study: A report to assist the City and County in
evaluating its disposal of solid waste, to. review the adequacy of the
existing landfill site and recommendations concerning the feasibility
of alternative sites.
In addition to the above, a listing of relevant Federal and State regulations
pertaining to land development is provided in Appendix C.
Enforcement of existing local ordinances as pointed out in pages 32-35 of
the original Plan are still largely valid. As rioted above, a completely revised
Subdivision Ordinance has been adopted since the original Plan. This Ordinance
is administered by the efforts of a Technical Review Committee.
19

CONSTRAINTS: Land Suitability
The discussion on fragile areas and physical limitations to development
presented in the 1976 Land Use Plan (pg. 57-124) has remained constant to
the present. The exceptions to this statement include new information
pertinent to the flood plain and the AICUZ Study for the U. S. Coast Guard
Support Center. In order to provide a complete review of the land suitability
constraints a short, annotated list is presented here with the expanded infor-
mation available on specific topics.
Air & Soil Limitations
Air and soil limitations for urban development were described in the
1976 Plan (pg. 62-80). No better soil information has become available since
the most current Pasquotank County Soil Survery Report was published in October
of 1957. The USDA Soil Conservation Service and State NRDC will provide updated
and current soils data as needed and appropriate to assist developers, local
governments, and others interested in resource data for land use planning.
Briefly, the 1976 Plan notes that much of the Elizabeth City extraterritorial
area contains soils with moderate to severe limitations for septic tanks and
landfills. Approximately 74% of the planning area's soils are considered
unsuitable.
As mentioned earlier in the Land Compatibility section, air quality has
been affected by hedgerow burning outside the City's extraterritorial juris-
'diction. The temporary nature of the smoke problem and the lack of an effec-
tive alternative suggests that the problem can best be regulated through the
permit procedures now enforced by the State Division of Forest Resources.
These regulations will limit hedgerow burning to the best climatic times.
Like many coastal communities, the City and County are under a State
Health Department mandate to relocate the existing landfill to an area that
will meet water table requirements. The City and County have agreed by resolu-
tion to have a new landfill site in operation before July 1, 1981. In this
regard, a Solid Waste Study was undertaken by consultant engineers and addi-
tional sites have been identified through the efforts of City and County staff.
City and County officials are now in the final stages of the site selection
process and should begin acquisition discussions with property owners in the
near future.
Natural Hazard Areas
The 1976 Plan indicated one (1) estuarine errodable area along the Pasquotank
River located just above the Coast Guard Air Base. Discussions with the local
Office of Coastal Management have indicated that this farm land is no longer
considered a natural hazard due to the reconstruction of the previously deteriorated
bulkhead in the area.
20

Elizabeth City is located in an extensive flood plain hazard area with
approximately 50% of the City within an area subject to a 100-year flood.
Since the previous Plan, the City has adopted a Flood Plain Ordinance
restricting development in flood prone areas. For areas prone to inter-
mediate flooding, new structures are required to be elevated above an 8' -
mean sea level elevation.
Periodic nuisance flooding also occurs when rainfall is of such inten-
sity that the City's storm drainage and pump system are not capable of
removing the water. The City has made efforts through its Sawyer Town
Neighborhood Revitalization Program to correct drainage problems in the
Sawyer Town area by diverting water away from the existing neighborhood
and installing drainage improvements. This work is on -going and improvements
have been proposed for Road and Elizabeth Streets outside of the project
area. Most of this area is part of the Poindexter Creek drainage basin,
the major drainage basin for the northern part of the City.
Man -Made Hazards
Man-made hazards identified in the earlier report (pg. 89-91) have
remained constant and consist of local oil company petroleum storage facil-
ities and the Coast Guard Air Base. As pointed out earlier in the section
dealing with land compatibility, the Coast Guard has completed an AICUZ Study
to reduce aircraft noise and accident exposure resulting from air operations
at the Air Base. Hopefully, the implementation of the recommendations in the
AICUZ Study will reduce the airport's hazardous effects on'the Elizabeth City
planning jurisdiction. As pointed out, land acquisition.for clear zones,
zoning revisions, sound proofing, etc., have been proposed to reduce the
airport's hazard potential.
Water Supply Sources
The City's major water supply comes from the City well field located
off Well Field Road. The well field draws water from the shallow water
table aquifer via shallow wells approximately 30' in depth and from the
Upper Yorktowne aquifer by intermediate 100' wells. Water from the shallow
aquifer is high in corrosives but low in salinity. Water from the Upper
Yorktcwne aquifer is high in both salinity and corrosives and must undergo
extensive treatment before it can be used. Currently the City mixes water
from both of these sources to obtain a low salinity.
The recharge of the shallow water table is accomplished through precipi-
tation with the Upper Yorktowne aquifer recharge via vertical/horizontal
leakage through subsurface clays. The recharge rate is very slow in the
aquifers of northeastern North Carolina due to the thickness and the low
permeability of the subsurface clays. This low rate of recharge also limits "
potential yield for this area.
21

In November, 1981, the City anticipates beginning the utilization
of the Pasquotank River as a raw water source and thereby completing its
five MGD water treatment plant expansion underway for the past several
years. The River water supply will be much lower in corrosives and should
- reduce mineral deposits in water lines. An Ozone treatment process will
be utilized to remove water, color.
On -going work by the N. C. Department of Environmental Management
has indicated that any effects of southeastern Virginia well drilling
will be minimal on the City's water supply, essentially since Virginia
drillers are pumping water from a lower (the Cretaceous aquifer) level
than the City wells. However, the City intends to closely follow the
Department of Environmental Management's subsurface water analyses to
insure adequate water supplies, particularly any long range sale intrusion
problems with the aquifer within the Yorktowne Formation of Pliocene Age.
Fragile Areas
Fragile areas were discussed in the 1976 Land Use Plan (pg. 93-120)
and have remained essentially unchanged. Wooded swamps, particularly the
large 1,500 acre Knobbs Creek area immediately north of the City, are the
planning area's most extensive fragile areas with the ecological forest,
wildlife, and waterfowl potential extensively discussed in the previous
Land Use Plan (pg. 103-110). The development of the wooded swamp area
along Charles Creek between Halstead Boulevard and South Road Street
offers the potential for preservation of a natural area within the heart
of. the City's urban core.
Wildlife was extensively identified in the earlier Plan (pg. 107-111).
Areas with Resource Potential
The 1976 Land Use Plan in pages 120-125, discussed productive agricul-
tural lands within the planning jurisdiction. This analysis of the resources
of the Study area is still true today. Eseentially productive agricultural
lands are located to the south and west of the City.
There are no commercial forest lands, mineral production of commercial
fisheries within the area.
Excessive Slope Areas
The Elizabeth City area does not have any slopes which exceed 12%.
22

CONSTRAINTS: Capacity of Community Facilities
Water Service Area
The Elizabeth City water system serves the municipal area, including
the COA/hospital area, the U. S. Coast Guard Airbase and the I -XL cabinet
industry south of town. The City has been relying on its well fields
located to the northwest of the City limits as a source of water supply.
This water is obtained from 250 shallow and four (4) deep wells on 400
acres. Typical of coastal communities, this source is contaminated with
hardness and the deep wells possess chloride or sale content. The treat-
ment plant is being upgraded to a five MGD capacity which is more than
sufficient for the estimated 2.2 MDG current average daily usage, thus the
City is using less than half of the plant's capacity. Part of this upgrading
includes a raw water pump station on the Pasquotank River to provide a new
primary water source. Water color for this softer water will be eliminated
through an Ozone treatment method.
With the operation of the County water system, the City and County
delineated water service areas to avoid future conflicts and to provide
the most efficient distribution. City water service areas within the
planning area are delineated on Map 2, and are essentially areas into
which the City agrees to provide water service. The water service agree-
ment also contains provisions for acquisition of County lines as a result
of City annexation. The existing water facilities are considered adequate
through the next twenty years with the exception of the replacement of
various lines due to calcium deposits'resulting from the water hardness.
Sewer Service
The existing waste water collection system is comprised of approxi—
mately 280,000 LF of 8" to 30" lines. The City's current service area.
encompasses the entire City limits, the U. S. Coast Guard Station, and
the COA/Albemarle Hospital complex. The existing 2.5 MGD treatment plant
was completed in 1969 and designed to be expanded if needed. An average
flow of 1.9 MGD of waste water is treated by the plant. This represents
approximately 75% of the design capacity. However, maximum flows during
heavy rains exceed the plant's capacity as a result of excessive infiltra-
tion and in -flow.
As a result of the infiltration/in-floc; problem, the N. C. Environmental
Management Commission must approve any large new waste water connections. _
The recommendations of the 201 Study will be the basis of Elizabeth City's
future expansion of the sewer system. The City is in the process of con-
ducting smoke testing to determine areas in which major line repair should
be accomplished.
23

EUI ABETH CITY
AND CRMMUNITY
DEPA7\\\MENT
OCTOB\\Ef� 1880
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1
�\ LI T STATION
ATMENT PLANT T
-- FO CE IN
\ 25

Schools
As pointed out in the Population Characteristics section, the County
school. system anticipates a continuing decline in elementary and high school
term enrollments, particularly through the 1983-84 school term. As such,
the design capacities indicated in the earlier Land Use Plan (pg. 129) are
considered sufficient for the near future.
Primary Roads
The Elizabeth City Thoroughfare Plan identified transportation routes
within the City and their current and projected utilization. The Plan's
recommendations are based on year 2000 traffic volumes.
26

ESTIMATED DEMAND
Population growth in the Elizabeth City planning area has been within
the maximum and minimum ranges predicted in the 1976 Plan. In the '76
Plan, Elizabeth City was projected to decrease from its 1975 population
estimate to between 13,319 and 13,929 by 1980. From Census data avail-
able, the 1980 count is 13,784 for the City.
Table
14: Population Projections
1990
2000
Elizabeth City City Limits
Maximum (Least Squares-/)
15,136
15,749
Minimum (1970-1980 trend continuing?/)
13,205
12,650
(1980
Census Count: 13,784)
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction-3/
4,194
5,566
(1980
estimate: 3,737)
Total
City and Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Maximum
19,330
21,315
Minimum
17,400
18,216
(1980
estimate: 17,400)
1/
Optimistic projection based upon a "best
fit" line of
population
characteristics from the 1940 Census to
the present.
Straight line projection based upon the
continuance of
the -4.2%
1970-1980 Census change.
3/
Projections based upon township growth rates
applied.to
dwelling
counts of the eight (8) planning sectors
comprising
the extraterritorial
area.
SOURCE: Elizabeth City Planning Department
Year 1990 and 2000 City population projections have been made based
on maximum and minimum estimates. The maximum projections were derived
by using a "least squares" method of projection. This more optimistic
method employed past Census data from 1940 to the present, which included
several decades of growth. This past data and current Census estimates
were utilized to determine a "best fit" straight line projection for the
next twenty years. Minimum population projections were calculated through
straight line projections based upon a continuance of the -4.20 1970-1980
Census change. Extraterritorial jurisdiction estimates were based upon
township growth rates applied to the eight (8) planning sections comprising
the extraterritorial area.
27

The estimated 1990 population for the City should range from 13,205 to
15,136 depending in great part upon the national economic situation and the
success of local industrial recruitment efforts in eliminating outmigration.
The total population within the City and the extraterritorial jurisdiction,
of which the City has direct land use responsibility, should grow to the
17,400 - 19,330 population range by 1990.
Ample suitable land at current zoning densities is available in the
Elizabeth City planning area to accommodate the expected population growth
within the next 10-year planning period. This estimated population will
be distributed throughout the planning area at density levels in accordance
with the Zoning Ordinance which directs future land use patterns and density
of development. Though large developable parcels within the City are scarce,
there is available land for existing redevelopment and expansion. Less than
10% of the existing acreage within the City is listed as vacant and possibly
half*of this land could be economically developed. Ample acreages also
exist in the extraterritorial area for new development principally in the
subdivisions to the west of the City and along Oak Stump Road to the south.
Hickory Acres, Forest Park, Briarwood, and Northeastern. Terrace still have
vacant parcels available for development.
Commercial expansion is envisioned to occur in those areas already
devoted to that use particularly in the Ehringhaus Street -Halstead Boulevard
area where Holly Square Shopping Center was recently developed. Future
commercial growth is anticipated to expand along Halstead Boulevard and
through redevelopment of the Ehringhaus Street and Hughes Boulevard commer-
cial areas. While most of the expansion along Hughes will.occur primarily
through redevelopment and re -use of existing parcels, there are still some
vacant parcels along.Ehringhaus Street available for new growth. However,
Halstead Boulevard and the outer extremities of the urban core along U.S. 17
offer the best potential for new large scale commercial development.
The Central Business District, through redevelopment efforts of the City
improving its public properties and the adaptive use of existing private struc-
tures is expected to, require no substantial expansion. It is anticipated that
better use will be made of the existing structures.
Sufficient vacant industrially zoned acreages exist for substantial
industrial.expansion during the planning period. The acreages exist most
notably east of the Norfolk & Southern Railroad tracks from.the Industrial
Park to River Road along Weeksville Road. The existing industrial area along
Hughes Boulevard and Knobbs Creek Drive has the potential for redevelopment
and expansion on some of the limited vacant parcels in these areas. All of
these locations are expandable and have been pin -pointed for future industri-
alization by the Industrial Development Commission.
The anticipated 10-year planning period population and resulting develop-
ment should not pose any problems in providing community facilities at the
density levels directed by the Zoning Ordinance. The one exception to this
statement could be the provision of an expanded sewer service area due to
the previously discussed infiltration problem. However, the City is agres-
sively remedying this situation in accordance with the 201 Facilities Plan,
and therefore, is not felt to be a major deterent to growth.
29

MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
While the City had a 4,2% increase in the number of housing units
during the last decade, the actual City population decreased 4.2% to
13,784. The ratio of persons/household decreased from 2.99 to the esti-
mated 2.53 today. Conversely, County population increased 6.2% during
the same period, with substantial growth occurring within the City's
extraterritorial'area, most significantly west and north of the City.
Current trends, particularly school enrollment projections, indicate a
continued trend toward a proportionately older population for the City.
The City population is estimated to range for 13,205 to 15,136 by 1990.
Elizabeth City functions as a retail trade and service center for the
agricultural Albemarle area. The shift in balance of trade for export to
service type activities reported in the earlier Land Use Plan has continued
with the trade sector exhibiting the largest growth in the service industry.
A joint City -County Industrial Commission has been formed since the last
Land Use Plan and through its efforts, a 42-acre industrial park has been
developed and a full time executive director employed to recruit industries
to the area.
Since 1975 the City has expanded by approximately 600 acres through
voluntary and involuntary annexation. The relatively low density rate
(6.3 units per acre) within the City has remained constant with these expan-
sions. Spot zoning and strip commercial development along the City's major
thoroughfares are continuing land use compatibility problems. Development
in flood prone areas is being strictly controlled through the adoption of
the Flood Plain Ordinance and development within flood prone areas is not
the significant problem it was at one time. Incompatibility problems with
aircraft noise and accident exposure from air operations at the local Coast
Guard Air Base have been identified in an AICUZ Study (Appendix B) completed
in 1980.
New residential growth is anticipated to continue west of the City
along Main Street Extended and Church Street Extended.and Oak Stump Road.
Commercial development is anticipated to focus around the Southgate Mall -
Holly Square commercial area with infilling along Hughes Boulevard and
Ehringhaus Street. The shift of the downtown from commercial'to office
and institutional type uses is anticipated to continue. Elizabeth City
State University and College of the Albemarle are undergoing major physi-
cal plant expansions and are envisioned as major growth stimulants for the
northern and southern portions of the urban area.
The City's existing community facilities are considered adequate for
the anticipated 1990 population demand and development. The one exception
to this statement is tentatively the existing waste water collection system
which has infiltration/in-flow problems. The City is in the process of con-
ducting smoke testing to determine areas in which major line repair is to be
accomplished, and therefore, this is not seen to be a major detriment to the
future growth and development of the City.
30

SECTION II , , . POLICY STATEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
The emphasis of the Land Use Plan Update process is the development
of policies and implementation strategies. This Section focuses on issues
which the Coastal Area Management Act requires the City to address and
essentially contains a discussion of current and alternative policies and
procedures pertaining to these issues, a policy which has been adopted by
the City relative to the issue and an implementation strategy designed to
achieve the stated policy. Topics such as resource protection, resource
production management, economic and community development, the waterfront/
downtown/historic area, Knobbs Creek/Pasquotank River water quality, the
College of the Albemarle campus move, Coast Guard Air Base and the City's
commitment to State and Federal programs will be addressed.
The community has spent numerous hours both in work sessions and in
public meetings to determine the stated policies and implementation stra-
tegies. This citizen participation effort will be discussed in Section IV.
RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES
Policy on uses appropriate within the City's Areas of Environmental
Concern
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: Identified areas of environ-
mental concern, such as Estuarine and Public Trust Waters and fragile areas,
have been roughly overlayed on the Official Zoning Map for closer scrutiny
in zoning, subdivision, etc., review. This procedure readily highlights
areas where uses permitted within a particular zone may pose problems to
the local ecosystem and where permits may be required from various Federal
and State agencies. Alternatives considered in dealing with these areas
include creating a new zoning district outlining specific uses appropriate
with local AEC's or designating known ecologically fragile areas as conser-
vation areas on the Land Classification Map.
Policy: Protect and enhance the ecological, social, economic and aesthetic
value of areas of environmental concern in the Planning Area.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Designate areas of environmental concern as Conservation Areas on the
Land Classification Map;
31

o
(2) .Continue to enforce the existing regulations protecting areas of
environmental concern from types of development which could be
detrimental to the local ecosystem.
c
32

• Policy on constraints to development
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: Alternatives considered
in dealing with areas which pose hazardous constraints to development
include:
(1) Amending the zoning, flood plain and other City ordinances and regula-
tions to permit no development in areas threatened by man-made hazards
or prone to flooding, shoreline erosion and.other natural constraints;
(2) . Permitting development to occur in those areas without regard for
man-made hazards, flooding, erosion and soils; and
(3) Enforcing existing regulations to the fullest extent.
Policy: Protect areas within the City's jurisdiction from man-made hazards
and natural constraints such as flooding, erosion and poor soils.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Continue to enforce the Flood Plain ordinance, Subdivision Regulations,
and Zoning Ordinance controlling development in the City's flood plain
and unsuitable soil areas. Flood regulations should effectively pro-
hibit improper development and unsafe structures and facilities within
the City's 100-year flood plain. The additional existing land use con-
trols will only permit development in areas with unsuitable soils at
lower densities and in a manner consistent to prevent septic tank failure,
contamination of individual or community water supplies, or other detri-
mental impacts to soil resources and structures.
33

• Policy on specific local resource development issues, hazardous or
fragile land areas.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: Alternatives considered by
the City in dealing with resource potential, hazardous or fragile areas y
include: (1) locating agriculture, forest and mineral extraction within
areas most suitable for mineral extraction, agricultural or forest produc-
tion within the Planning Area; (2) maintaining Pasquotank River water L
quality to prevent future water quality problems such as eutrophication,
pollution, etc. that would affect the City's raw water supply and develop-
ment of the River's resources; (3) protecting fragile lands such as wooded
swamps which retain storm water runoff, sustain wildlife habitat and provide
recreation; and (4) adoption of a laissez-faire policy toward the above.
Policy: Preserve important agricultural and forest land within the Planning
Area for food and wood product production and discourage conversion to other
uses. Protect open space areas within the urban core that sustain wildlife,
improve drainage, and provide recreation. Protect the water quality of the
Pasquotank River as the City's raw water supply source and as a resource
potential.. Protect the City's deep well ground water supply.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Classify agricultural lands as rural on the Land Classification Map to.
discourage extention of public utilities and facilities which facilitate
growth into these areas;
(2) Designate forest lands as rural or conservation whenever appropriate to
permit commercial forestry and to set aside the forest areas most
significant for wildlife management;
(3) Continue the existing water quality monitoring program for the Pasquotank
River currently being accomplished by cooperative efforts of the District
Health Department, Elizabeth City State University, and the Rural Develop-
ment Panel. Support the regional water study proposed by the Albemarle
Regional Planning and Development Commission;
(4) Classifiy the City Well Fields as conservation to protect the City's
ground water supply source; help preserve this watershed area, which
acts as a natural windbreak for the extensive surrounding agricultural
lands;
(5) Ensure that new sand, clay, or other mineral extraction operations have
approved reclamation plans. Coordinate with the North Carolina Depart-
ment of Natural Resources and Community. Development to ensure compliance;
(6) The City will comply with all applicable State and Federal archeological
and historic sites laws.
34

J
(7) Establish procedures where the. City pays the legal costs involved in
citizens or groups dedicating conservation easements to the City to
protect locally important fragile areas. The City should actively
solicit conservation easements along Charles Creek between Road Street
and Halstead Boulevard as pointed out in the Charles Creek Study.
35

• Policy concerning hurricane and flood evacuation needs and plans.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: The current County -wide Hurricane
and Flood Evacuation Plans are being updated by the State and local Director
of Civil Preparedness Agency. Upon completion, these plans will provide for
the safe evacuation of the area's citizens in event of a natural disaster.
There are no viable alternatives to this procedure.
Policy: Provide for the safe evacuation of the citizenry during a natural
disaster.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Continue to update as needed the Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Plans.
Conduct periodic exercises to test these plans.
36

RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
0 Policy statements on productive agricultural lands, commercial
forest lands, existing and potential mineral production areas,
commercial and recreational fisheries, and off -road vehicles.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: Within the City's Planning
Area there is little use of land for commercial forestry, mining, and
fisheries related activities or significant non -farming, off -road vehicu-
lar activity. Agriculture is the most important resource with approxi-
mately 30% of the Planning Area devoted to agricultural uses. The most
important agricultural areas are south of the City limits in the Halstead
Boulevard-Weeksville Road -River Road area and north of U.S. 17 South,
generally west of Thunder Road. Future alternatives for these areas
include a laissez-faire policy toward future development in the agricul-
tural lands which would result in a decrease in important agricultural
lands and thereby reduce the County's agricultural base. Additionally, a
laissez-faire policy would ultimately bring about incompatible land uses
and possibly reduce property values. The alternative would be to preserve
important agriculture lands from urban encroachment. Of particular concern,
is the agriculture land southeast of the City in the Weeksville Road -River
Road area, which the AICUZ Study has identified as an area where low. density
development and no large community facilities (auditoriums, schools, etc.) .
should be located.
Policy: Important agricultural areas should be preserved to protect the
agricultural base of the community, but in a manner that will not conflict
with the City's future growth. Future urban growth should be directed away
from important agricultural areas in order to protect the community's agri-
cultural base.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Encourage the use of restrictive covenants and deed restrictions by
private property owners selling important farm land so that purchasers
will be committed to continue agricultural uses.
(2) Continue enforcement of the current zoning.ordinance provisions pro-
viding for agricultural lands within the R-15 zone and give consideration
when revising the Zoning Ordinance to a specific agricultural zone.
(3) Prevent leapfrog development into important agricultural areas by
' extending City facilities (water, sewer, etc.) into transition areas.
This strategy is probably the most effective method of preserving agri-
cultural lands and will be given primary emphasis.
37

ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
• Policies on types of development to be encouraged.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: Most of the past economic growth
has occurred in the service industries with a resulting imbalance of trade
within the Elizabeth City area, away from the manufacturing or export activities
with their multiplier effects. The area is heavily oriented toward services
and agricultural/forest products. One alternative considered would promote
manufacturing industries in order to provide more diversity and economic
balance to the area. Within the context of the Land Use Plan, this should
be accomplished in a manner which will minimize land use conflicts.
As pointed out in the Existing Conditions Sections, residential, com-
mercial, industrial and institutional land uses have remained proportionately
almost constant and this trend can be anticipated to continue. The City's
zoning regulations direct new development into the residential, commercial,
industrial or institutional areas identified on the Official Zoning Map.
Any alteration of this pattern requires a formal amendment and public hearing
process. In this regard, the City encourages the various development types
into desirable land use patterns. These patterns are based on previous Land
Use Plans and classification maps. It is realistic to assume that the City's
zoning authority will continue, and as such, provide guidance for the loca-
tion of future residential, commercial, industrial and institutional develop-
ment.
Policy: Encourage future development that will be compatible with the
existing land uses within the City, provide employment opportunities and
bring about a diversified industrial base.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Continue to enforce the City's land use control regulations, particu-
larly zoning, to ensure compatible and a sufficient number of develop-.
ment sites.
(2) Promote recruitment of industries through the Industrial Development
Commission that will be clean, nonpolluting and provide local employment
opportunities.
IN

0 Policy of redevelopment of developed areas.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: The City is currently
redeveloping older, deteriorated residential areas of the City through
community development neighborhood revitalization projects such as
Sawyer Town and Walnut Street. These programs result in a general
neighborhood upgrading through street, sidewalk, lighting, and drainage
improvements. Minimum housing conditions are maintained through the City
Housing Code enforcement program which systematically eliminates deterior-
ated residential structures to provide site for redevelopment. Without
these programs, older developed residential areas could be anticipated
to deteriorate with time, and thereby lessen the quality of life for
residents and the attractiveness of the community for potential industries.
Commercial redevelopment has been accomplished through fragmented
efforts. The City has participated in the redevelopment of the downtown
area with the Charles Creek Urban Renewal project and City -funded parking
lot and park improvements. However, most commercial redevelopment has
occurred through individual private sector efforts. A more rational alter-
native would be to coordinate non-residential redevelopment efforts within
a comprehensive plan such as the Waterfront Development Study and Charles
Creek Study. By this method public investment could hopefully be prioritized
and directed to stimulate private redevelopment investments. Merchants and
property owners could organize around common interests and geographic areas
of the City such as Ehringhaus Street, Southgate -Holly Square commercial
area, and the downtown area to stimulate and coordinate redevelopment efforts.
Policy: Promote projects within developed areas of the City that aid
towards a more viable community and economic growth.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Complete the Walnut Street and Charles Creek Park Expansion projects.
(2) Continue the community development neighborhood revitalization program
currently underway in Sawyer Town and extend to other deteriorating
areas of.the City. ,
(3) Continue the Housing Code Enforcement Program to upgrade substandard
housing to meet minimum housing codes or to have them demolished.
(4) Continue to seek and utilize Federal and State funds for loans and
grants for new or upgraded low-income or elderly housing and downtown
redevelopment.
(5) Continue to promote adaptive use and rehabilitation of existing residen-
tial and commercial structures as pointed out in the Waterfront Develop
ment Study and the Comprehensive Plan -Housing Element.
M*J

(6) Continue to encourage, by public relations and seminar efforts,
private development with the City especially for the construction
of moderate income rental units.
(7) Consider the adoption of the Main Street Historic District Ordinance
to encourage the protection and stabilization of this area.
(8) Consider the development of a housing rehabilitation loan fund with
private and/or public funds to promote the renovation of low-income
dwellings. This program should be initially utilized for the Sawyer
.Town.neighborhood but transportable to other neighborhoods of the
City.
(9) Assist the joint Chamber -Downtown Business Association Task Force in
their downtown redevelopment efforts. Promote the creation of similar
organizations in other areas of the City.
40

0 Policy on types and locations of industries desired.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: The Elizabeth City-Pasquotank
County Industrial Development Commission currently solicits industries for
the Elizabeth City and Pasquotank County area with locational priority
given to the 42 acre industrial park located off Weeksville Road. Indus-
trially zoned parcels are also indentified on the Official Zoning Map which
provide additional locations for new industrial development. Priority is
given to light, environmentally sound industries that will provide local
employment opportunities. Alternatives from this current procedure are
envisioned to generally result in scattered industrial sites throughout
the Planning Area creating incompatible land uses and promoting transporta-
tion difficulties.
Policy: Promote varied industrial developments which are environmentally
clean and provide local employment opportunities.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Fill the Industrial Development Commission's Executive Director's
position to ensure a full-time effort in industrial recruitment. The
Executive Director should coordinate Chamber of Commerce, City, County,
and other area efforts in industrial development.
(2) Work with industrial recruiters of the North Carolina Department of
Commerce to solicit new industries and expand existing industries with
preference given to diversified technical and agricultural industries.
(3) Promote the industrial park with its spec building as the predominant
industrial site within the area.
(4) Work with the Industrial Development Commission to develop a recruitment
.strategy focusing on attracting industries from the southeastern
Virginia metropolitan area.
(5) Support the four laning of U.S. 17 to the southeastern Virginia metro-
politan area to provide increased access to this market area and world
export port.
41

• Policy on the local commitment to provide service to development.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures; The City is committed through
its subdivision policy to provide City water and sewer to new development
within its corporate limits. New development outside of the City but within +
500' of existing water and sewer lines is required to connect to the City's
system. For development outside of the 5001 requirement, the subdivider
has the option to connect to the City's system. The City currently extends
electric service approximately five miles from the City with major extensions
of the system being approved by the City Manager.
While there are no for problems in providing water, solid
waste, electric and other City services for new development, the sewer
system infiltration problem severely limits major expansions and thus the
City commitment to provide this service. However, the 201 Facilities Plan
has recognized this problem' and its recommendations are directed to permit
expansion of the sewer system.
With a decline in the City population coupled with a growing extra-
territorial area, the City is experiencing a trend which may have profound
effects on its future policies toward extending services, and annexation.
As the extraterritorial area becomes more urban there will undoubtedly be
an increase in demand for urban type services such as water, sewer, solid
waste pickup, recreation, etc. This demand can already be seen in the
County's development of a water system.
This extraterritorial growth will also affect the City's annexation
policy since much of this growth is directly benefitted by City services and
the role the City plays as the, regional trade and service center. Since the
people who live beyond the City limits place extra burden upon the City's
streets, fire services, police and recreation opportunities, they should
bear their proportion of the costs.
In his bi-annual report on national urban policy in August of 1978,
President Carter submitted to Congress problems and ideas on national growth.
One paragraph of this report gives an idea of the role of annexation to a
city's growth policy. "The decentralization of the population and economic
activity out of central city areas is a pervasive national phenomena as
characteristic of growing urban areas as it is of those in distress. However,
in newer and younger urban areas central jurisdictions are not yet completely
surrounded by incorporated municipalities. These latter central jurisdic-
tions are able to continue their territorial expansion through annexation;
thereby incorporating the new growth and tax revenues that go with it, thus
they avoid the serious fiscal distress characteristics of many of the older
cities. The presence of fewer incorporated suburbs and more flexible state
annexation laws in the south and west has enabled more southern and western
42

cities to expand through annexation than the older cities of the northeast
and midwest. Annexation has enabled some southern and western cities to
avoid severe fiscal distress and to continue to extend growth.
"To some extent, therefore, the problems of employment and the popu-
lation loss and fiscal distress of central cities are simply a reflection
of jurisdictional boundaries to changes with the patterns of economics and
social activity in our urban areas."
As an alternative to annexation with its high initial investment, the
City could pursue more cooperation efforts with the County in providing
services such as County ownership and operation of the landfill or.in the
provision of recreation, planning and other related services. This approach
will dictate greater coordination and cooperation between the City and County
in order to avoid duplication and provide the most cost efficient services.
Policy: Provide services to develop by the most efficient and cost effective
method.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Continue to provide services in -accordance with existing City policies
and plans such as the Subdivision Regulations, 201 Facilities Plan, etc.
(2). Engage in a continuing program of annexation of residential, commercial,
and industrial lands qualified under State law to incorporate new growth
and tax base.
(3) Initiate discussions with the County concerning services which may more
appropriately be provided by the County.
43

• Policy on types of urban growth patterns desired.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: Many alternative growth
patterns for Elizabeth City have been considered. However, the limita-
tions of the natural environment, including wetlands and flood hazard
areas, result in development problems in many areas of the planning juris-
diction. These limitations can only be overcome by additional development
costs and special design and at great risk of destroying environmentally
sensitive and productive lands. A growth alternative which promotes
growth in less environmentally sensitive areas and away from flood hazard
areas is possible and in accordance with area environmental limitations.
The best lands for development exist to the south and west of the City
and along the U.S. 17 North corridor. Some of these lands, particularly
to the south of the City are prime agricultural areas. While their develop-
ment would remove potential conflicts with sensitive or flood hazard prone
areas, their development would result in a reduction of prime productive
agricultural lands. Therefore, identificaton of transition areas where
future growth should be concentrated by the application of zoning and other
land use controls is considered by the City as a rational approach to growth.
Within this area -wide concern for different land use locations develop-
ment can occur through either low -density sprawl, which is the predominant
current development pattern, or through cluster development. Conventional
sprawl development has been shown in many studies to be expensive in terms
of the length to provide adequate services. Cluster development, however,
encourages efficiency in utility and transportation layouts and generally
provides a better use of land. The City also has development alternatives
in determining whether it should promote compact development of the urban
area versusleapfrog or scattered development. Compact development is
generally' accomplished through the wise extension of water and sewer
services and effective zoning as opposed to leapfrog development which
is expensive in terms of providing utilities and in transportation costs
due to separation from the urban core. By haphazardly extending services,
growth will occur in areas that may be better suited for more productive
land use purposes (ie, prime agricultural lands).
Policy: Insure orderly growth in the Elizabeth City Planning Area.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Continue to enforce zoning, flood plain, subdivision regulations and
other land use controls within. the Planning Area,
(2) Attempt to control leapfrog development by concentrating water/sewer
extensions and other municipal services into transition areas as
identified on the Land Classification Map.
44

(3) Extend sewer lines in accordance with the 201 Facilities Plan.
(4) Promote cluster and other infrastructure savings growth patterns
_ through the existing Subdivision Regulations and planned unit
development and highway commercial cluster zones.
(5) Undertake a continuing program of scheduled capital improvements
investments which anticipate the growth patterns adopted by the
Land Classification Map.
45

• Policy on tourism or beach and waterfront access.
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: No tourist industry has
developed to take advantage of the area's natural and historic assets
despite relatively short travel distances to the southeastern Virginia
metropolitan area and the Outer Banks with its national draw. Day trip
tourist attractions such as local festivals and fairs; boating, canoeing
and similar water -based recreation; and historic tours offer an attractive
alternative for development into a tourist industry.
Policy: Establish a local tourist industry.
Implementation Strategy;
(1) Consider the adoption of the increased water access and tourist
industry recommendations in the Waterfront Development Study and
Charles Creek Study.
(2) Consider the adoption of the Main Street Historic District Ordinance
to encourage the protection and stabilization of this National Regis-
ter Historic District as a tourist attraction.
(3) - The Industrial Development Commission Executive Director should pro-
mote and seek tourist industries for the area.
(4) A comprehensive package (news media, television, advertisemtntsf etc.)
including planned tour programs and events should be prepared for the
area, perhaps through a Tourist Promotion Committee established by the
Chamber of Commerce. The City should promote and assist in such efforts.
(5) The City should ensure that the area's assets for tourism are protected,
enhanced or improved through community appearance controls, historic
property protection and natural resource protection.
W.

LOCAL ISSUES FOR POLICY DISCUSSION
The Land Use Plan Update also paid special attention to four (4)
issues which the Coastal Resources Commission deemed important to the
future development of Elizabeth City;
1) The waterfront/downtown/historic area
2) Coast Guard Air: Base
3) Knobbs Creek/Pasquotank River Water Quality
4) public lands concern - College of the Albemarle campus move
• The Waterfront/Downtown/Historic Area
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures: The City has been, is, and
will be committed to the redevelopment of its downtown, including the
waterfront and historic areas. Major commitments in the past have included
the development of a park and fountain at the end of Main Street, parking
lot and landscape improvements at Pump House Park, the development of
Waterfront and Charles Creek Parks, and surfacing and landscaping improve-
ments to the Water -Church Street parking lot. The City has also completed
a CAMA sponsored Waterfront Development Study and a Council initiated Charles
Creek Study which provide a comprehensive framework for the further growth
and development of the City's major urban waterfront areas. The City con-
sidered in these studies the sensitive archaeological nature of the downtown,
particularly the historic district portion, in order to minimize the possible
destruction of the City's historic remains and heritage. The creation of a
local historic district was proposed to provide a local mechanism to protect
the community's arthitectural and historic heritage.
These reports have been reviewed and recommended by various City agencies
and commissions but Council has delayed final action until the joint Downtown
Business Association -Chamber of Commerce Task Force has completed its review
and made comment.
The Task Force is considering the interrelationships and implications
of the various studies and implementation strategies proposed to date such
as the Thoroughfare Plan, Historic District Ordinance and the waterfront
studies. The Task Force is active and has already recommended the creation
of two separate (a downtown and residential) historic districts for the Main
Street area which encompass downtown, waterfront and residential areas.
Policy: The City will continue to move forward with public property improve-
ments, and, in conjunction with other agencies, both public and private, to
further the redevelopment of the downtown, waterfront and historic areas.
47

Implementation Strategy:
(1) Continue the redevelopment process currently underway by providing
technical assistance to the efforts of the Joint Task Force and other
agencies involved in redevelopment.
(2) Program public imporvements and assistance to maximize private sec —
for redevelopment.
48

• Coast Guard Air Base
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures; While the facility lies
outside the City�s extraterritorial jurisdiction, the City has supported
the present location and operation of the Coast Guard Air Base. In particu-
lar, the City enforces the existing Airport Zoning Ordinance and Joint Civil/
Military Use Agreement for the Air Base which pertains to the operation of
the Municipal Airport Terminal.
Use of the Coast Guard Air Base as an Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)
support base has been mentioned. The Air Base has provisions for joint
civil and military use; however, the civilian use of the facility must
obviously be considered secondary to the air-sea rescue mission of the Coast
Guard. The Coast Guard portion of the Air Base will undoubtedly play a major
role in support of the OCS development. Due to the excellent runway and
other airport facilities, the Air Base could also possibly provide a base
of operations for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters at the City's munici-
pal terminal. The City -County Industrial Park is located within seven (7)
miles of the airport and provides land for possible on -shore facilities
needing ready access to an airport.
The.AICUZ Study prepared for the Support Center had indicated minor
impact on lands within the City's extraterritorial jurisdiction. A portion
of the Weeksville Road -River Road intersection area (Hickory Village Trailer
Park, Buddy Price's Store, and the Bayside Church of Christ) is directly
affected by the Plan with a large surrounding area of concern in which the
current land uses are compatible but near to the airport to necessitate
review of any proposed intensive public assembly facilities (large audi-
toriums, sports stadiums, etc.). With the exception of the Bayside Church
of Christ property which is tentatively identified for Clear Zone acquisi-
tion, the AICUZ report recommends low density, non-residential and commercial
zoning for the Weeksville Road -River Road intersection area. The zoning in
the area is mixed with residential (R-15, 15,000 square foot minimum lot
size, 3 dwellings per acre), commercial, and residential mobile home.
The City has several alternatives. Since the amount of land is relatively
small, the City could leave the zoning pattern as is and consider new rezonings
or extensions of the existing zones in light of the AICUZ report. Alternatively,
the City would apply the existing industrial M-1 zone to the existing commer-
cial and residential areas thereby making the trailer park, church property
and store non -conforming uses. As with other non -conforming uses, they would
be permitted to continue until they ceased operation for six (6) months. After
that time the land would have to conform to the industrial zone. However, this
would run counter to the Planning Commission's desire to restrict industrial
development to the south side of Weeksville Highway. A further alternative
would be to remove farms from the R-15 zone by creating a new agriculture
zone which would prohibit residential development. This new zone could then
be applied to the existing commercial and residential areas as with the indus-
trial zone alternative.
49

Policy: Support the location and operation of the Coast Guard Airbase
as a "good neighbor."
Implementation Strategy;
(1) Afford the Coast Guard Airbase Commander an opportunity to comment
on all rezonings and subdivision approvals within the AICUZ Air of:
Concern.
(2) Continue the existing zoning pattern for the River Road-Weeksville
Road area but deny requests for any higher density development until
the City reviews the desirability of an agriculture zone or promoting
industrial development north of Weeksville Road. This should occur
during the update of the Zoning Ordinance.
50

• Knobbs Creek/Pasquotank River Water Quality
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures; The State, through the
Quality Section, Division of Environmental Management, Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development, provides monthly and quarterly
monitoring of the Pasquotank River. Knobbs Creek is not monitored on a
regular basis by the State, but some monitoring has been accomplished in
N the past by the City. Pasquotank River water quality is also currently
being monitored weekly through a cooperative program between the District
Health Department, Elizabeth City State University, and the Rural Development
Panel, but this program will terminate in June of this year. This process
has been on -going since last July to monitor the overall water quality of
the River in an attempt to perceive natural seasonal changes not observed
in the State's program.
The State Water Quality Section has indicated that there have been only
minor problems with the quality of Pasquotank River water but due to the
River's complex flow patterns and the limited amount of pollutants involved,
no point pollution sources have been identified. They report that there
is no definite trend in the degredation of the River's water quality but
that the potential for eutrophication exists, and therefore, the need for
their monitoring program. The City has also indicated its support of a
region wide study of water quality and supply.
As mentioned earlier, sewer treatment facilities are considered inade-
quate due to a severe infiltration problem which results in treatment beyond
the plant's capacity during periods of heavy rain. With completion of the
smoke testing and construction improvements called for in the 201 Facilities
Plan, this problem will be greatly reduced.
Encroachment of the City Land Fill on the wooded swamp adjacent to
Knobbs Creek may have effected water quality of the Creek in the past.
However, the City, in cooperation with the Corps of Engineers and Office of
Coastal Management has mitigated this situation. There are now no known
water quality problems with the Creek.
Policy: Maintain and improve the current water quality of Knobbs Creek and
the Pasquotank River.
Implementation Strategy:
(1). Implement the 201 Facilities Plan, in particular the accomplishment
of smoke testing and sewer line improvements to eliminate infiltration
problems within the existing system.
(2). Support efforts by Federal and State governments to handle the problem
of non --point source pollution of the Pasquotank River through improved
use and control of agricultural chemicals, improved crop and hog/cattle
. feedlot practices and related activities. The quality of water in the
Pasquotank River is of substantial interest and concern to the City's
citizens, therefore, the City will support efforts by other governmental
regulatory and planning agencies which will result in higher water quality.
51

• Public Lands Concern -College of the Albemarle (COA) Campus Move
Current and Alternative Policies/Procedures; COA has effectively vacated its
3.5 acre Riverside Avenue property and moved to its new main campus north
of the City on U.S. 17. The old Riverside Avenue campus, which includes
a former hospital converted into a classroom building, a gymnasium and a
library, has been involved in an extended and on -going auction process. The
Waterfront Development Study, as proposed by the Planning Commission, recom-
mended that the Riverside Avenue site be developed into a -major recreational
facility with swimming, sailing and other water based recreation along the
waterfront with the gym utilized for indoor sports. The remaining structures
are proposed for more passive recreation or for a senior citizen and/or
cultural complex. To date, there has been only limited public support for
this recommendation. The alternative most often discussed is the development
of the site into middle or upper income apartments or condominiums for families
or retirees.
Policy: Develop the Riverside Avenue COA campus site in a manner compatible
with the surrounding neighborhood and the needs of the City.
Implementation Strategy:
(1) Consider the recommendation of the Waterfront Development Study and any
other proposals for the site. Involve neighborhood and Citywide resi-
dents in these discussions.
52

COMMITMENT TO STATE AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS
Highway Improvements: The City supports highway improvements as submitted
to the North Carolina Department of Transportation for inclusion in the
seven (7) year Transportation Improvements Program (see Appendix D).
Military Facilities: The City supports the continued location and operation
of the U. S. Coast Guard Air Base, Support Center and Atlantic Strike Team.
Erosion Control: The City will consider the possibility of enacting and
enforcing erosion and sedimentation control regulations at the local level,
replacing the present efforts of the State of North Carolina which are
hampered by lack of personnel.
Intercoastal Waterway: The City supports a continuing program of dredging
and maintenance of the intercoastal waterway to provide access to the City.
Energy Facilities Siting: There are no energy production installations
indicated in or planned for the Elizabeth City area. However, the City is
participating with other Electri Cities in negotiations to secure an alter-
native to Virginia Electric and Power Company as the major supplier of
wholesale electric energy for the City's Electric Department.
53

SECTION III .,. LAND CLASSIFICATION
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
Accompanying this Plan, and in accordance with Coastal Resources
Commission outlines, is a Land Classification Map of the Elizabeth City
Planning Area. This land classification system has been developed as a
means of assisting in the implementation of the policies adopted. By
delineating the land classes local government and its citizens will
specify those areas where policies Clocal, State and Federal) will apply.
Although specific areas are outlined on the Land Classification Map, it
must be remembered that these classifications are merely tools to help
implement policies and not a strict regulatory mechanism. The land classi-
fication system provides the ,framework to identify the future use of all
lands within the City's extraterritorial jurisdiction.. The designation
of the land classes permits the City to illustrate the City's policies
as to where and to what density growth should occur and where to conserve
natural and cultural resources by guiding growth.
As contained in the 1976 Plan, the Land Classification Map consists
of five (5) classes of land. The classifications are as follows:
(1) Developed
a) Purpose: The purpose of the Developed classification is to
provide for continued intensive development and redevelopment
of existing moderate to high population density areas,
b) The land contained within the corporate limits of the City of
Elizabeth City has been designated as "Developed Land" on the
Land Classification Map because all of this area is serviced
by water and sewer and provided with the usual municipal
services such as recreation, police and fire protection, etc.
These areas have a moderate to high population density. It is
the intention of the City to continue a program of development
and redevelopment described in this Plan here and elsewhere within
its boundary line.
2) Transition
a) Purpose: The purpose of the Transition class is to provide for
future intensive urban development within the ensuing 10-years
of lands which are most suitable and which will be scheduled
for the provision of necessary public facilities and services.
Transition land provides for additional growth areas when addi-
tional lands in the Development class are not available or when
they are severely limited for development.
b) Transition lands should be able to accommodate moderate to high
density development during the up --coming 10—year period and should
indicate primary areas for water and sewer extension.
54

3) Community
a) Purpose: The Community classification is to provide for clustered
land development to help meet housing, shopping, employment and
other needs within the more rural area of the planning jurisdic-
tion.
b) Lands classified as Community are those areas which are suitable
and appropriate for small pockets of development but are not anti-
cipated to require municipal sewer service within the upcoming
10-year period. Most of these areas are served by septic tanks
with private wells or County water being available.
4) Rural
a) Purpose: The purpose of the Rural class is to provide for agri-
cultural, forest management, mineral extraction and other low
density uses. Residences may be located in "rural" areas where
urban services are not needed and where natural resources will
not be permanently impaired.
b) The Rural class is used to designate major portions of the southern
and northwestern sections of the Planning Area. These are areas
which are not anticipated for annexation or for extension of major
municipal services within the planning period.
5) Conservation
a) Purpose: The purpose of the Conservation class is to provide
for effective long term management of significant limited or
irreplaceable areas. This management may be needed because of
its natural, cultural, recreational, productive, or scenic values.
These areas should not be identified as Transition lands in the
future.
b) The Conservation lands have not changed since the previous Land
Use Plan and principally lie to the north of the City within the
flood plain area of Knobbs Creek and the Pasquotank River. The
City well field property as a water. supply source area is also
identified as a.Conservation area. Of particular importance is
the Charles Creek wooded swamp area between South Road Street and
Halstead Boulevard which is a fragile area hazardous for development.
55

Y LAND CLASSIFICATION
iTATION DESIGNATED BY
i

SECTION IV ,., CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
The well developed process of citizen participation, which has been
followed in Elizabeth City for some years, was incorporated in the CAMA
Land Use Plan Update process. The staff had benefit of continuous review
of findings and recommendations from (a) the Planning Commission, which
served as the local lead agency in the CAMA Update process; (b) the Urban
Advisory Committee (18 members) which is representative of the City's
ratial, ethnic, income and geographic characteristics and functions as a
formal citizen review agency; (c) interviews with officials in the City
and County governments and those representing private, civic and business
organizations; (d) a careful study of documents produced over the past
three (3) years of public forums, surveys and questionnaires; and (e-) from
joint discussions with County officials and their land use update consul-
tant to insure consistency in plans.
Citizens and groups were initially invited to participate in the Land
Use Plan Update process through newspaper ads, radio spots and mailings to
government, business and civic groups. A list of interested individuals
and groups desiring to participate in the update process was derived which
provided diversified review of draft documents at all stages of the update
process. Newspaper and radio coverage further encouraged participation by
the general public and understanding of the issues being discussed. Presen-
tations to local groups such as the local Board of Realtors and Pride in
Pasquotank also provided valuable input in the update process. Written
notifications of Planning Commission meetings were publicized by a local
radio station via the "Noon Newsbreak" newsletter. These newsletters are
distributed in area restaurants and businesses daily.
Copies of the Plan and/or Executive Summary will be reproduced and
distributed by the City to local citizen groups, County and City officials
and others who participated in the update process. An insert in the Dail
Advance is also being considered to prepare the citizenry for the adoption
of the 1980 Land Use Plan.
Because this method of public participation practiced in the City since
1976 has succeeded, there is no reason to change it. The Planning Commission
and the Urban Advisory Committee will continue to review the implementation
progress of the Land Use Plan. In the past, such groups as the Downtown
Business Association and Chamber of Commerce have created task forces to
address specific topics (such as the existing joint Task Force dealing with
the downtown). Hopefully, after a review process, these groups will become
able advocates for definite policies adopted on the basis of their review.
56

MARKETING NORTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA
FOR
INDUSTRY LOCATION

INTRODUCTION
The ten counties of Northeastern North Carolina which comprise Planning
Region R have been historically the site of many firsts. The first English
colony in the New World, the ill-fated Lost Colony on Roanoke Island; the
first English child -- Virginia Dare -- born'in the New World; the first
manned flight by the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk; the first demonstration
of the potential of aerial bombardment by General Billy Mitchell off Cape
Hatteras: these are -just a few of the firsts.
Today, however, the Region holds the dubious distinction of being not first,
but last --last in industrial development. It has the smallest portion of
manufacturing employment than `any of the State's Planning Regions and is
considered the poorest Region in the State.
With thoughtful planning and work, these problems can be overcome. An
excellent example of the work that can be accomplished to increase employment
and develop the potential.of the area is the Wanche-e Harbor Seafood Park.
This report is the first attempt to analyze the area on a region -wide and
a county -by -county basis and emphasize for the General Development Staff
the positive factors of the ten counties which make them a prime target
for renewed efforts at industrial development.
In the past, many fallacies.have existed about the labor market in Region
R; but, the facts are, vast labor.supplies do exist, job ready workers are
available many of which are highly skilled, and union activity is almost
nonexistent. Northeastern North Carolina has many fringe benefits: land,
semi -skilled and skilled labor, transportation, and some of the best sailing
waters and' the most miles of unspoiled beaches on the East. Coast. This
report shows Region R can be as competitive as any other area of the State
for industry location.

REGION R
Industrial Composition
(JOBS)
Components of Change
The industrial composition of an area is focused on the goods produced
or -the services --rendered. - Industries are generally grouped under four
categories, shown in the chart below -- manufacturing: food, textiles,,
apparel, lumber and wood, etc;'nonmanufacturing: construction, transportation,
trade, services, finance, government; other nonagricultural em to ent:
nonfarm self-employed, unpaid family, domestic and private household workers,
etc; and agriculture employment: all operators, managers, unpaid family
workers and other hired.workers on farms.
Largely, the economic support base of an area is considered to be either'`:.
in manufacturing industries or agriculture or both. In Region R, during
the period 1970-1978, the manufacturing base of employment has shown only
minimal growth; an overall employment increase of 220 jobs. The once -
secure agricultural base of the Region has lost 970 jobs over the same
period, and these jobs continue to decline. The people and economy of the
Region are no longer dependent on the rural land use of agriculture as an
economic support base.
Job gains have occurred in the nonmanufacturing sector, largely in trade,
government, and service industries, in that order. All other nonagricultural
jobs have increased as well. Net Percent
1970 1978 Change Change
Manufacturing Jobs 4,430 4,650 220 -5.0
Nonmanufacturing Jobs 15,360 26,060 10,700 70,0
Other Nonagricultural 4,510 6,070 1,560 35.0
• Agricultural 4,160 3,190 970 -23.0
TOTAL JOBS 28,460 39,970 11,510 40.4
A graph is shown on the industrial structure of Region Ras of 1978, latest
available.
(WORT. FORCE)- Government jobs outnumber all others (7,700) mostly in Pasquotank
County, followed by trade (7,590), other nonfarm (6,070), service (3,610),
agriculture (3,190), lumber and wood (1,870), apparel (870), and textiles (760).

REGION R
Population
Components of Change
In the decade 1960-70, six of the ten counties in Region R experienced
population losses, resulting in an overall decline for the region. In
contrast, the years 1970-78 brought population gains for the Region,
with the sharpest rates of growth in Dare and Currituck Counties. Of
..particular interest, these two counties showed the largest rates of
growth for any counties in the State during the period, although this
growth was a result of in -migration rather than a naturally -occurring
increase.
This in -migration does not reflect increased job opportunities in the
area in all cases. For example, manufacturing employment has not increased
significantly. But rather, increased job opportunities in services and
trades have resulted by the consistent development of that part of the
region as a final -destination resort.area and retirement center.
Average
Annual
Average
Annual Ra17
1960
1970
1978
Rate of
Growth
Of Net
Migrati2n-
60-70
70-78
60-70
70-78
Region.R
97,698
97,302
109,700
-.04%
1.54%
N/A
N/A
Camden
5,598
5,453
5,700
-.26
.65
-1.18
.34
Chowan
11,729
10,764
12,300-
-.82
1.68
-1.74
1.08
Currituck
6,601
6,976
10,600
.57
6.28
.18
5.93
Dare
5,935
6,995
10,600
1.79
6.30
1.02
5.89
Gates.
9,254
8,524
8,300
-.79
-.38
-1.54
.-.57
Hyde
5,765
5,571
5,500
-.34
-.18
-.76
-.38
Pasquotank
25,630
26,824
28,800
.47
.88
-.64
.38
Perquimans
9,178
8,351
*8,800
-.90
.63
-1.51
.43*
Tyrrell
4,520
3,806
4,000
-1.58
.75
-2.05
.65
Washington
13,488
14,038
15,100
.41
.92
-.94
.07
I/The difference between the number of people moving into a particular area
and those leaving the area. Calculated by subtracting the natural increase
from the total population change.
0

REGION R
OCCUPATIONAL COMPOSITION
The occupational composition of an area refers to the types of jobs the
people hold and the kinds and degrees of skills found in the area.
Usually, and, in fact, almost always the industrial composition (types
- of businesses) of an area determines the types of occupations found in
the area. This also is true of Region R, but only up to a certain point;
specifically, in the job skills relevant to manufacturing employment.
Region R has a small manufacturing industrial structure which normally,
would classify this area as a low job skill area. However, over 3,0001/
people living in these ten counties are commuting and working in manufac-
turing jobs in Virginia. This means that the actual job skills of the
labor force in Region R far surpass what the sparse manufacturing
structure of the area would suggest. The graph of Job Skill Categories
of Employed Persons conf�*/rms more people are employed in the skilled 3/
occupations of craftsmen and the semi -skilled occupations of operatives.
Jobs and kinds of skills workers have in Region R not only relate to jobs
found in the lumber and wood, textile, apparel and agricultural industries,
but also to the,jobs found in the production and maintenance of ships,
airplanes, autos. and trucks. These jobs and skills include shipfitters,
sheet -:metal workers, boilermakers,'welders, steamfitters, machinists of
all types, electronics experts, electricians, carpenters and construction
craftsmen of both wood and metal working.
The dominant factories in Virginia where North Carolina residents are
working include Norfolk Shipbuilding, Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Norfolk Air
Rework, General Electric and Ford Motor Company-
1/ 1970 Census figures. The number today is closer to 5,000.
2/ Carpenters, electricians, mechanics and metal workers of all kinds.
3/ Assemblers, inspectors and machine operators.

Industrial Composition
Cont.
The larger employing manufacturing firms in each county include:
CAMDEN- none.
CHOWAN- Textiles - George Moore
The United Piece Dye Works
Edenton Cotton Mills -
Lumber and
Wood-- Atlantic Forest Products
Chowan Veneer
Misc. Dennison Mfg. (carbon ribbcas and paper)
Tanzer.Yachts
CURRITUCK- none. (Although there are no manufacturing firms in Currituck
County, it should be noted:
1. The county is part of the Norfolk -Virginia Beach -Portsmouth
SMSA, meaning anyone can work anywhere in this area without
changing their place of residence.
2. Residents residing within a 25-mile radius of the town of
Currituck number 204,545.)
DARE- none.
GATES- none.
HYDE- none.
PASQUOTANK- Textiles - Robinson Mfg.
Apparel - Supak & Sons
Lumber and
Wood - IXL Furniture
J. W. Jones
L. R. Foreman & Sons
Metals - Sanders Co., Inc.
(In addition, manufacturing job skills such as electronics technicians,
mechanics and aircraft maintenance specialists are employed at the
Coast Guard Air Station at Elizabeth City.) -
PERQUIMNIS- Apparel - Don•Juan Mfg. -
Hertford Apparel
TYRRELL- none.
WASHINGTON- Apparel - Plymouth Garment

92 - Newport News
1592
99
/r,or�ol�
VA
0 th Beach
Suffol k
301 273
Chesapeake
788
639 353
Gates 841 moo, 4c�
s9
Go
A
203
s
r
..
Tyrrell
0
Hyde
North Carolina Labor Force
Residents CommAing Tc
Virginia To Vlork
(D 0BIT
42
Dare

REGION R
LABOR SUPPLIES
AND
JOB APPLICANTS ,
Charts and graphs are drawn depicting:
1. Active job applicants by job category
2. Active job applicants by county
3. Unemployment by county
4. Underemployment by county
5. North Carolina Employment Security Commission main and branch offices.
6. Education and job training - technical colleges and private and State
universities
As shown by the number of job applicants without jobs and registered for
work at'the Employment Security Commission offices in Edenton and
Elizabeth City (4,756) labor supply far exceeds labor demand.
Job skill levels of these applicants range from many diverse occupations
in service, clerical and sales jobs to the more skilled jobs of the
machine trades, bench work and structural work jobs. In general, most
firms staff their plants from the already employed labor force. Refer to
the charts for Region R and for each county showing the majority of the
employed labor force are employed in the highly skilled occupations of
craftsmen and semi -skilled occupations of operatives.

REGION R
Population
and
.Minority Percentage
by County
'-
28,800
-(Total Region R Population
109,700,
Total Minority Population 37,300
or
34Z)
-
®
'
Total Population
® Minority Percents
_
15,100
12,300
�
10,600 10,600El
8,300
8,800
93
5,700
36.8
r
-
5,500
f'
4,000 -
38.8
40.8
.�0
M49.4
�
�
M
CS
E
M
®36.4
E3
® 19.1
!
"' 33. 3
p
ri
40.8
M
037.5 M
Camden 'Chowan Currituck Dare Gates Hyde Pasquo- Perqui- Tyrrell Washington
tank mans

POPULATION
110,000 109,700
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
37,300 Minority
(34.OA)
30o000
20,000
10,000
0
LABOR FORCE
45,740
2,380
43,360
Unemployed
(5.2%)
Employed
i

3
I
f
& Wood Equip. Metals, Machinery, Stone,
Clay & Glass)

_
Camden Edenton Currituck Manteo Gates- Swan Elizabeth.Hertford Columbia Plymouth
vi l l a Quarter Ci tY
Camden Chowan Currituck Dare Gates pyde Pnsquo• Pemui- Tyrrell .wasH ngton
tank mans 4

JOB SKILL CATEGORIES OF EMPLOYED PERSONS
Region R
':_KILLED OCCUPATIONS OF E•1PLOYEO PERSONS
`rof., Tech., & Related
..ngineers,Doctors,Teachers)
:onfarm Managers & Administrators
:raftsren, Foremen & Related
Construction.Craftsmen
Mechanics & Repairmen
Machinists & Other Metal
Other Craftsmen
.ealth Occupations
Personal,Health & Other)
:EMI -SKILLED OCCUPATIONS
.ales (Retail & Other)
A erical (Secretaries,'Typists
Other)
,peratives, except transport
Al.l mfg. & nonmfg.)
'rans.port Equipment Operatives
rotective Service
a
17,460
15,770
N SKILLED OCCUPATIONS- 12,250
aborers, nonfarm
arm Workers
rivate Household Workers
leaning & Food Service -
2,000 4,000 67000 8,000
PERSONS
373..EmPloyed Labor Force,
ased on 1970 Census Ratios.

REGION R
14ORK FORCE
t (JOBS IN REGION)
7,700
Nonmanufacturing Ml
(23,060)
Mm 7 590 '
Other
Agri. Nonag.
(3,190) (6,070)
7500
'
7000
6500
6000
5500
-
5000
4500
4000
3,610
3500
3,190
3000
-
2500
=
_
2000
1500 1,390
1,270
990
1000 -
510
500
-_
0 Const.
Trans. Trade Fin.
Serv.
Gov. Other Agri.
6,070
er (Self-Emp.)

WAGES
(Mfg. Production Average -
1979)

Manufacturing Wage Comparisons •
Norfolk -VA Beach -Portsmouth SMSA (Currituck County) and
NC SMSAs and
VA and NC Statewide Wages
April 1980
Greensboro -Winston-Salem
Norfolk -VA Raleigh -Durham "High"Point'
$6.19 $6.02 $5.71
Charlotte -Gastonia Asheville
$5.16 $5.12 -
Virginia NC
$6.08 $5.22

HOURLY WAGE RATES BY OCCUPATION
PLMNING REGICN R
JANUARY, 1980
MOST PREVALENT WAG RATE
NLMER OF
WORKERS
RATE
RANG
REGICN
STATEWIDE
SURVEYED
FROM
TO
AVERAGE
AVERAGE
8
S 3.10
$ 3.25
3.18
$ 3.56
4
3.85
4.14
4.70
6
,...4.90
3.10
•-3.20
_ 3.12
3.75 -
184
:' 3.10
3.20
3.13
3.82
3
3.10
6.88
5,06
5,42
10
3.10 ':
3.70
3.25
3.93
22
4.60
6.50
5.43
6.11
6
$3.10
$3.32
$3.15
$4.02
7
3.25
5.85
4.38
4.6-1
4
3.10
6.00
4.90
4.68
4
_ :. $ 3.90
$ 7.00
$ 5.03
$ 7.21
6•
3.10
4.12
3.44
4.22
8,
$3.45
$6.75
$4.14
5.11 -.
5
3.25
6.30
4.42
4.62
6
4.00
5.29
4.71
5.28 .
BUREAU OF EMPLOYMENT SECURITY RESEARCH
EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COrr1)SSIoN Of NORTH CAROLINA
102.

PLANNING REGION R
Counties:
Camden
Chowan
--- Currituck
Re,addson Drum Hill Cora a r^ -3 '''tOMts ,1 15 • :S `
31 „ c ,.,..I Dare
� Gates _ 7 C G ` �1 ' 7 Knofts island
o,a-(f►i Gates
P uco tale ,�j St. }`l
as South Mills Snowden, { alhtut44: :' � ! Hyde
L { ••Il ,. IS{a ^ 1 Sunbury', •-;:, Pasquotank
1 T E S kS �� 'ZJ { ShawDao 1
.}wttsriN. t Crf;o. �`.+eAill•p Cwda Perquimans - -
"'4� 3 (omH Sane p }' Barco'
. +� Tyrrel 1
moblid die 7►/ anid S � � Washington
�+ lid Ern6eth City-:: .
e Riddle ,
`• { , e e °si�'4' 0 ShtlOA 7 . 3fa,r,,8`r+ncA`}_
)/, Rllan 1 ChapalrokQ• q: X - n
PE �• '9 Isa 4, •`;.crane„ 't .. not •l' mfall �` flifonton, Wee4tsi11. °ef..di(ar••,:
L ys litrisb rt •
uAC A 4 �q •� `!st 1. .. w •I r Pcwells.:n a �+ Duch
q o�1 i Dula tsmocM G.•d.♦ Point � •'
r VsIA{Ha� t?. ' _ �weM n Aaal P. S
R{n{xk 1 a •'-�-'sr.. .«.n. HarbinJerl2 1
e Eden it ^ �f s "^•► n. eland Point Hi .' Kdlr 4 Bus
aMw...
�,+ _�aC(q n. Al..,...r • w Kill
Deri1-t„tt
t!N( Cd(in{ton
loop .,0 1 t.
HllwfoundUn�orttandin; `` r lrHafsM
ead
Mackey , '�J ' I r '�,` • 1 ��, r Min WA �..Meassnf Crow Columba+ Easl : r akDaee
_ Minns% a
estorer�/� CfaswNs r Noodle) - la>e HarD•. z �stw1 Irs of
R 1 , 11 ~ 6dJ y
Ply OUI� �� - Cberf , ti 1 /\\ , Wan N � fUND .. _
s W G T 0 N.,. • — s• n. '-.r Frying
a P.
ts! I.
uerrrllovse r
i' PAr/Oa I.,*, 21 1 a
T y R R E L L D A R
• 99 wenons_ w Gum { -
Fleck Stumpf Paint
t
L44e(ar-
��ar,9°
H
�--Y~ ... p -., E wa.es
+ Jnlr° iairin!Id , r Sabo
�/ l%^li `. Mor/arnuafK( EnJelAI'd » 2
' ( / Joke t .C•
. e aScranfon - C.aia n, 7 7
drills t a��• - �: 4, ,R Middtelown O� - a
` --� cj 3
Sladesrdk ` .i `�.. y HebrssU
` ''• �" 111 U Nrw Hottand -s' i• _
1 ^
`Swan Quarte/ Cull Rock 4` 1-0h.
Rose pUu %
` •�'•^ 1Alilt . • ' �� Aron
• NAI"1 w/IOI�II orruc;f i li,
r � r
l O ` Buxton
Ic
^� Y Hatters s j CU( MA►tlaRf
� - /tit f1RR
Ocracoke aI-C
i Ql .

ACTIVE JOB APPLICANTS
By
JOB CATEGORY
June, 1980
(4,756)
1108
(23.30)
100
000
800
700
500
500'
f�
MINK11
00
0
Prof., Techn., Clerical Service Farm, Fish, Processing Machine Bench Struct. Hisc.
s (Managerial & Sales & Forestry Trades Work Work

2Shipyard
e
rfolk-Navyf
ov. emp.)ht
E.
F
Newport News Shipbuilding
1
LA
0
~ro%4
Suffol k
Chesapeake
Norfolk Shipbuilding &
Drydock (No Union)
Norfolk Air Rework.(No Union)
VA Ford Truck Plant (UA4!)
Beach
None oneell
Gates None
d
s
.O 9G0 5
d
SIU
mid IWA
UTWA None �s RWDSU
�o
eyerhaeuser

s�

Active Job Applicants
Registered For Work
With The ESC
June 1980
Region R
4,756
321�,
261 223
Gates
s94:1,358
� �dy
606 495
C,f01

Technical Colleges & Universities
• Serving Region R
howan Junior Col ege
urfreesboro NC
( Hertford Coun
G
• � cd �o i
Gates moo.
A
d
,o s9<1,
Roanoke-Chowan Technical College 9G,
Ahoskie NC,
(Hertford County) s
iartin•Technical Coll
'il.liamston NC
Martin County) .
9
ieaufort�ty Techn
- !ashi ngton NC
;Beaufort County)
J
f
Elizabeth City State
Uni-yersity &
College of the
Albern le
Elizabeth City NC

Underemployment
(Persons with incomes
less than $8.000)
Region R
28,820

PASQUOTANK COUNTY
POPULATION
28800 28,800
�uvu
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 -
11,010
Unemployed
(5.3%)
Employed

NORTH CAROLINA EMPLOYMENT SECURITY OFFICES
SERVING REGION R
Gates
enton Emp. Offic
9 North Broad St. -a
izabeth Emp. Office
enton, NC 27932 N 201 W. Ehringhaus
19) 482-2195 9c Elizabeth City, NC
[phone]
Hdrtr
Eliz t Betty
o «Br. e) (Main—Df-c
Edenton
• M Of ce)
© Manteo
• ®'Washington ` %(Br.Offf�ce
lliamston Emp. Office Tyrrell Dgre.
2 Washington St. Plymouth
iliamston, NC 27892 (Br. Office) Columbia
19) 792-7816 (Br. Office
1.
shington Emp. Office
2 W. Third St.
shington, NC 27889
19) 946-2141 Hyde 1
Swan Quarter f
Q(Br. Office)
Z
Hatteras -
(Br. Office)��

PASQUOTANK COUNTY
WORK FORCE
(JOBS IN COUNTY)
Other
-
p manuracwriny Nonmanufacturing Agri. Nonag.
(1,510)
(8,180)
(500)
= (1,700)
3,000
' = 3000
2,630 -
2500 •
r
2000
3 _
1,700
1500
f
1,100
1000
9 00 860
800
-
s
-
700
600
480 510 - -
500
500
-
z
410
400
=
330
300
220
200 s
" Y
' 100 -
-
100
50
0
Food Apparel Lumber & Other
Const. Trans. Trade Fin. Serv. Gov. Other
Agri.
Wood (Textil
s,
(-Otlpr
Ir
Employed)
Printir.
,
Metals, Stone, Clay
Glass)

NORTH CAROLINA LABOR FORCE RESIDENTS
COMMUTING TO VIRGINIA TO WORK
a4l

Job Classes _
Total :.1-147
ACTIVE JOB
Residing in
Pasquotank Countl
APPLICANTS*
Residing within a 25 mile
radius of Elizabeth City
-
Prof., Tech., & Managerial
68
152
Clerical & Sales
258
496
Service -
271
540
Farming, Fish., & Forestry
71
129
Processing
12
39
Machine Trades
38
147
Bench Work
51
141
Structural Work
179
346
Miscellaneous .__
199
599
*Occupations of job applicants registered for work with the Employment Security Comm.
UNEMPLOYED
- LABOR FORCE
ESTIMATES
Labor Force
'Employment Unenployment
Rate
1979
_...
' . .
,. Annual Avg.
11,630
11,010
620
5.3%
1980
January
.11,050
10,410
640
5.8
February
11,210
10,460
750
6.7
March
.11,200
10,600
600
5.4
April -
11,400
-10,720
680
6.0
May
11,970
11,210
760
6.3
June
12,320
11,300
1,020
8.3
July
August -
September
October
November
December
UNDEREMPLOYED
Persons making less
than $8000 a year
7,031
LABOR FORCE COMMUTING
.TO VA TO WORK
841

• JOB SKILL CATEGORIES OF EMPLOYED PERSONS
Pasquotank County
<ILLED OCCUPATiO'IS OF EMPLOYED PERSONS
rof., Tech., & Related
_ngineers,Doctors,Teachers)
)nfarm "lanaaers & Administrators
-aftsmen, Foremen & Related
Construction Craftsmen
Mechanics & Repairmen
Machinists & Other Metal
Other Craftsmen
!alth Occupations
'ersonal,Health & Other)
-SKILLED114 OCCUPATIONS.1
transportiles (Retail & Other)
leratives, except
01 �'''r.:.y�r � � ,y. � a•'f, � ` h ate: S•Y .G=?. '.'s�,},5i a � 4.:
• • •.s'
-ansport EquipmentOperatives
•
-77
ISKILLED OCCUPATIONS 1
borers, nonfarm
rn Workers
caning & Food Service
200 400 600 / I,000
PERSONS
73 E::ployed Labor Force.
sed on 1970 Census Ratios.
2,000

ICATORs
.JAGES S OTHER I1'ICO'•ti INDICATORS
i
)
Average Hourly Per
Capita Income County Tax Filers
Production Earnings
Adjusted Gross _
..
1979 1978
1977 1976 Income Levels
Number
Percent
Pasquotank S 3.75 S 5,533
S 5,073 S 4,765 0 - 5000
4,608
37.3
0 - 3000
7,031
56.9
'
15;000 3' Over
1,994
16.1 :.
Total
12,361
_. ..
„POTENTIAL LABOR SUPPLY (Recruitable Labor Indicators)
1979 Unemployment, total 620
1979 High School Graduates, total
351
Recruitable Unemployed, est. 270
Graduates entering labor force, est._
119
1978 Underemployment, total 7,031
1979 Technical or Community College
(income less than $8000)
Curriculum Enrollment
601
Number entering labor force, est.
238
1978 Labor Force Participation Rate.56.5
N.
Recruita5le labor force nonparticipants
1,600
! ABOR FC-RC CT 7dUT1 NG PATTERNS, 1970
Net Worker Commuting Gain 34
Worker Commuting Gains, total 1,551 . . Worker Commuting Losses, total
1,517
Mainly from:
Mainly to:
Camden 583 Currituck
188 Camden 87 Perquimans
102
Perquimans 350 Other
430 Norfolk, VA 768 Other
560
-
TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING
"
_
Technical or Community College(s)
`
Technical and Community College
Serving County:
Technical d Vocational Enrollments 431 College of the Albemarle
Secondary Vocational Enrollments ,
(Grades 7 through 12) 1,557
VOuplicate Count -
'lumber of Manufacturing Firms with Unions 4 Nonmanufacturing Firms with Unions 5
Union Elections and Work Sto op -ages
Manufacturinq Firms
Union Elections Work Stoppages
Total Union Wins Total Oiys Idlo
Nonmanufacturinq Firms
Union Elections Work Stoppages
Total Union Wins Total Days Iclio
1975 - - - - - - -
`1975 i 0 - - - --
1977 ) 0 - - 1 0 - -
1973 1 0-
1979 1 1 - - - - - -

i9Q 16TANK COONTy,
NORM CAROL I NA
1978
7TAL POPULATIOA
Estimates
ounty
28,800
lizabeth City
14,950
c�ulation Characteristics
'--'Number*
Percent
abase 14,900
51.9
onwhite 10,600
36.8
LABOR PROFILE
1970 1960 1970-78
Census Census : Channe .
26,824 25,630 7.4
14,381 14,062 4.0
Geooraohic Distribution
Population per square mile 126.2 (1978)
Population within a 25 mile radius of
Elizabeth City 84,285 1(1970)
i
1960-70 i
% Channe
i
4.7
2.3
ABOR FORCE ESTIMATES
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
ivilian Labor Force
11,920
11,940
11,700
11,330
10,620
Unemployment, Total
500
660
570
800
480
Unemployment Rate
4.2
5.5
4.9
7.1
4.5
mployment, Total
11,420
11,280
11,130
.10,530
10,370
Agricultural
500
570
670
640
610
Nonag. Wage b Salary
9,220
9,030
8,830
8,310
8,620
All Other Mona .
1,700
1,680
1,630
1,580
1,510
NOUSTRIAL STRUCTURE - 1978
Annual
Average
Number
of Firms
Emoloyment
Insured Weekly Wanes
otai Nonag. Wage & Salary
644 ...
8,841
S
170.00
Manufacturing
-
29 .
954
147.98
111
163.74
Food
3
`Apparel
3
220 111.45
Lumber b Wood
12 :,_.
316 166.69
Printing
4
80 149.93
Other
7.
227 -
Nonmanufacturing
615
7,887
173.36
Construction
65
392
181.51
Transp., Comm., d Public
Utilities
18
460
•�233.29
Trade
239
2,537
142.51
Finance, Insurance b Real
Estate
55
493
187.24
Servicos
178
989
153.61
Government
46
2,921
194.88
Other
14
95
1N3.78
IEW r-NO EY?PN01„G Ii.OUSTRY
PLANE CLOSINGS S
PEIVANENT LAYOFFS
Number of Firms
Employees
Number
of - Firms EMMOve@s
97.3 -
-
1978
1 100
979 1
30
1979
-. .

AIR INSTALLATION COMPATIBLE LAND USE ZONES
U.S. COAST GUARD SUPPORT CENTER
ELIZABETH CITY, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED FOR
U.S. COAST GUARD
FIFTH DISTRICT
PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA
CONTRACT NO.
DOT-CG05-3762
JULY 1980
d
CH2M
®® HILL

®n Chapter VIII
®® IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of a compatible land use plan can be
achieved by a variety of actions available through the
functions of local governments and through official Coast
Guard policies.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTION
First and foremost is the cooperation of local governments
through their planning and land use control authority. This
authority is invested in three separate jurisdictions; to
the west of the Support Center the City of Elizabeth City
controls the land use through the City's Planning Department
and Zoning Board; to the east and south through Pasquotank
County Planning Board (the area has not been zoned); and to
the north across the Pasquotank River by the Camden County
Planning Board (the area has been zoned).
The regulating of future development is through a wide range
of land use controls including land use planning, zoning,
subdivision regulation, official map preparation, housing
ordinances, and site plan review. These controls provide
local officials with the tools necessary to be able to guide
and direct various land use types and their extent through-
out the area.
The authority to exercise these controls is provided by
state legislation and can be directly applied to achieve
compatible land use within the AICUZ; however, they must be
directed through the public process. It is within this
process that the Coast Guard can be effective in explaining
its mission and these AICUZ objectives.
COAST GUARD.ACTION
It is important that Coast Guard personnel at the Support
Center take an active role to assure implementation of the
recommendations for compatible land use. Several programs
and policies are available to the Coast Guard as described
below.
Acquisition
One of the simplest and most direct is the outright acquisi-
tion of restrictive easements on or title to all land in the
AICUZ area through purchase in fee simple, purchase of
development rights, or land exchange. However, this action

on the Coast Guard's part is not in the best interests of
all concerned since it is expensive, it would remove pro-
ductive land from the tax roles and it would have a strong
tendency to restrict development in the vicinity. While an
acquisition policy is recommended for the securing of runway
clear zones, it is not the most feasible way to obtain
compatible land use.
Public Awareness
Another action on the part of the Coast Guard is to estab-
lish public awareness through information programs, partici-
pation in public affairs and activities. Such participation
is effective and inexpensive. Since an informed public is
an understanding public, the following methods should be
used:
o Make public- speakers available to public and
service club functions. The AICUZ slide show, the
U.S. Navy AICUZ movie, and presentations on the,
purpose and function of the Support Center's
'
mission are of general interest and are normally
well received by the public.
o Use the local newspapers, radio, and TV to inform
fo
the public on activities occurring at the Support
Center. Initial information on the completed
AICUZ study should be given in a news release and
follow-up releases made as adjustments to the
AICUZ are made. Information should also be re-
leased to alert the public of forthcoming periods`
of intense or unusual aircraft operations, should
these occur.
to•;
o Make copies of the AICUZ study report available
each adjacent municipality and to area libraries.
Maintain copies of the public information summary
on' the AICUZ for ready distribution. Copies
ll
should be made available through the City and
County Planning Boards.
o A public information officer should .be made
responsible for issuing these data and providing
other information outlets such as newsletters,
'
news releases, and media announcements. Another
responsibility would be to provide a liaison with
major land holders and developers in the adjacent
areas.
VIII-2

Command level Coast Guard personnel should become active
participants in local government affairs. Memebership on
advisory committees, school boards, and governing bodies
would be effective .areas for making the Coast Guard's
interests known and in gaining public awareness. It is also
a 'very visible means to show that the Coast Guard is a good
neighbor and an integral part of the community.
Noise complaints should be directly referred to the AICUZ
officer and/or a designated noise complaint officer. When-
ever possible, follow-up letters of action taken should be
sent to the complainant with copies sent to Coast Guard
Fifth District Headquarters.
Public Policy Formulation
Public Policy constitutes the starting point for initiating
positive courses of action with respect to pending issues
and concerns. Policy is the first step in the preparation
of program standards, and, regulations to achieve intended
results.
In the context of the AICUZ, public policy is formul,ted by
public officials to provide a general guide for day--to-day
decision making regarding land use and environmental
quality. To the extent practical, the Coast Guard's role is
to augment existing and proposed public policy in order to
influence adequate consideration of AICUZ objectives.
In general, this approach to implementing AICUZ objectives
is advantageous in that its only requirements are thorough
preparation and diligent effort on the part of the Coast
Guard. However, the advantages of placing the responsi-
bility .for achieving objectives in the hands of public
officials are sometimes outweighed by the disadvantages.
The basic disadvantage is that full effect of the definitive
policies that are needed can be diluted in the political
arena.of policy formulation. This not only results from the
fact that policymakers change office, but also because
public policy is directed at creating a balance among
various interest groups for the public's good. Therefore,
the government actions necessary to achieve the Coast
Guard's AICUZ objectives may be compromised in order to
Adequately account for other public interests.
Local Land Use Control Policy. Land use control. policy on
the local level includes master planning, zoning, sub-
division regulation, official map, planned unit develop-
ments, and site plan review.
VIII-3

A
Once established as local policy, each of the above provide
local government with effective tools in which to shape and
control their environment.
t
An proposed development or major land use must be resented
Y P P P 7 P
to the planning board and/or governing body for review and
approval prior to development. In each case, public
hearings are held giving the public an opportunity to be
heard.
These hearings provide the Coast Guard with the same oppor-
tunity to give testimony and to go on record regarding AICUZ
objectives in those areas which may be subject to incom-
patible development. It is the usual policy of the munici-
,
pality to publish a formal notice -of these hearings and to
'
specifically inform adjacent land owners of action that may
effect their interests.
'
The Coast Guard's coordination with this planning process
should include the following:
UI
o To be an initial part of the planning process by
being active participants in local planning policy
o To have on record as official Coast Guard policy a'
copy of the AICUZ plan
o To always make presentations at appropriate public
hearings as a means to firmly establish the AICUZ
objectives
Development Proposals and Official Review Agencies. Both
levels of government, Federal and local, have review powers
regarding major developments. Federal agencies become
involved where Federal grants or loans are made to assist in
public works,parks, transportation networks, and housing.
Local agency concerns regarding the environment, water
rights, and human rights mandate review of land development:
proposals, drainage requirements, and capital improvements
programs. In each case, the Coast Guard can influence the
4
review process to include the compatibility objectives of
the AICUZ by presenting supporting documentation to the
appropriate agency.
Federal Level Review
o National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires
a review of alternative courses of action where
Federal funds are involved for items such as
housing, utility systems, highways, and airports.
VIII-4 1
�sJ

These alternatives must evaluate environmental
impacts generated by the proposed project such as
noise, safety, and health. Federal EPA approval
is contingent on environmental compatibility as
determined by this analysis and review.
o Project Notification and Review System (A-95). As
established by the Federal Office of Management
and Budget, Circular No. A-95 requires that all
Federal aid for development purposes be consistent
with local and regional objectives and plans. To
accomplish this objective, all applications for
Federal grants and aids for public works must be
first submitted for review and comment by the
areawide comprehensive planning agency. This
agency reviews the project proposal in terms of
the existing and planning development within the
area as a "clearinghouse" process. The North
Carolina State Office of Management and Budget has
been designated as a clearinghouse charged with
the A-95 review requirement. Submitting the AICUZ
compatibility objectives and plan with this agency
can effectuate this review process.
o Federally Assisted Housing. The Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) reviews both
VA and FHA loan applications. Approval of these
applications is contingent upon factors such as
noise, safety, flooding, and other features as
part of the' review process. HUD has established
safety limits regarding noise exposure express in
terms of CNR and/or NEF and can withhold mortgage
approval on sites exceeding recommended
tolerances.
OTHER STRATEGIES
Noise Abatement
A number of noise abatement strategies can be applied to
known sources and location of noise impact areas. The
baseline AICUZ defines the current noise sources and impact
areas for the Support Center and "The AICUZ" (Figure VI-1)
shows the reduced footprint from a change in flight paths.
The improvement is west of the Support Center, along
Weeksville Road. Noise contours are still prevalent in the
Brickhouse Point area, however, and any future housing
developments in areas of Ldn 65 to 75 noise exposure levels
should be soundproofed. Local construction codes should
incorporate provisions for such soundproofing measures in
these noise -sensitive areas.
VIII-5
.

Other strategies include the preservation of open space and
agricultural lands adjacent to the Support Center to serve
as a noise buffer. Responsible local planning and zoning is
a key.toolin freeing noise and safety impact areas from the
encroachment pressures of urbanization.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The development of a compatible land use plan for the areas
surrounding The Support Center calls for a series of actions
by both the Coast Guard and the City and County Planning
Boards. Also, the Elizabeth City Municipal Airport Manage-
ment needs to assist in ensuring continued compatibility
between airport operations and surrounding land uses. The
participation of the Coast Guard and the various planning
boards should, as a minimum, include involvement in the
review and approval of development proposals within the
airport environs. The following summarizes the various
recommended strategies for compatible development of the
adjacent areas. The letter keys are referenced to
Figure VIII-1.
AREAS A1, A2, A3, AND A4--254 ACRES
These are areas of the Clear Zone that currently extend
beyond the Support Center boundaries. The Coast Guard
should acquire these areas and include them within the
facilities boundaries. The Clear Zone, in its entirety,
f should be cleared and maintained as open space.
The individual clear zones each contain 128 acres, divided
as shown in Table VIII-1.
VIII-6

Table VIII-1
CLEAR ZONE ACREAGES
Off -Station Acres
Clear
Map
On -Station
Over
On Land
_Q
Zone
Ref
Acres
Water
Compatible
Incompatible To
Be Acquired
Runway 10
Al
57
0
69
2
71
Runway 1
A2
48
0
80
0
80
Runway 28
A3
20
7
86
15
101
c Runway 19
A4
49
77
2
0
2.
H TOTALS
174
84
237
17
254
a
i
co
3
s
3
}
r
i

AREAS B1, B2, B3, AND B4--998 ACRES'
The APZ-I areas are high hazard areas with some high noise
,
exposure. Stringent controls over the future use of this
land should be developed. The density of population within
these zones should be kept low; only some industrial uses
"
and agricultural uses are fully suited. The high noise
R
exposure prevalent through most of the APZ's preclude those
j
.land uses for residential, commercial, and for some indus-
trial uses.
At the present time there are minor amounts of residential
and commercial zones within the B1 and B3 areas. By far the
majority of this land is in agricultural use and is fully
+
compatible. Zoning and land use controls, however, should
be changed to eliminate further incompatible development.
Also, the agricultural zone itself should -be changed to�
prevent the possibility of churches, schools, and any other
public buildings from being constructed.
These areas are divided as follows:
B1, off Runway 10 511 acres (27 are incompatible)
,
B2, off Runway 1 421 acres
'
B3, off Runway 28 62 acres (11 are incompatible)
B4, off Runway 19 4 acres
AREA C1--230 ACRES`
This is a high noise area outside the APZ-I area. The only
'
potential' incompatibility in these areas would be with
residential and some commercial land uses.. The area is
compatible now, with very little development and mostly
,
agricultural open space. Efforts should be made to assure
that it remains this way in the future.
Because of the high noise exposure, it is recommended that
the zoning remain agricultural with the change in zoning.;
description to eliminate construction of residences and
other structures. Where zone changes cannot be made, sound-
proofing should be a requirement of any new construction.
This area contains the following average:
C1, off Runway 10 230 Acres
91.,
VIII-9

AREA OF CONCERN
All land uses within this area, with exception of those
areas enumerated above, are compatible, but because aircraft
can be seen and heard in all of these areas, they must be
considered within •the area of concern of the Support Center.
No zoning controls or changes are. recommended; but any
requests for intensive public assembly--e.g., sports
stadiums, theme parks, large auditoriums, etc. --should be
reviewed in light of the then existing flight paths and
noise contours surrounding the Support Center.
6

APPENDIX C

STATE LICENSES AND PEIWITS
Licenses and Permits
Agency
Department of :latughl..Resources and Community -
Permits to discharge to surface
water
waters or operate waste _
Development
Division of Environmental Management
�.
treatment plants or oil discharge
permits; IvPDES Permits, (G.S. 143-
215) • .
-
Permits £or septic tanks with a '
capacity over 3000 gallons/day
(C.S..143-215.3).
-
Permits for withdrawal of surface*.
or.ground waters in capacity use
'
areas (G.S. 143-215,15).
-
Permits for air pollution abate-
ment facilities and sources
(G.S. 143-215.108).
-
Permits for construction of com- I
_
plex sources; e.g. parking lots,
subdivisions, stadiums, etc. '
1
(G.S. 143-215.109)
/ -
Pe nnits for construction of a well
over 100,000 gallons/day (C.S. 87-
88). _
Departnent of Natural Resources and -
Permits to dredge and/or fill in
tidelands, etc.
Community Development
estuarine waters,
(C.S. 1I3-229).
office of Coastal Management
- Permits to,undertake development
in Areas of Environmental Concern
(C.S. 113A-118 ).
VOTE: Minor development permit --
are issued by the local
.
government.
Department of Natural Resources and
+ Car-mmunity Development
Division of Earth resources
- Permits to alter or construct a
dam (C.S. 143-215.66).
- Permits to.mine (C.S. 74-51).
- Permits to drill an exploratory
oil or gas well (G.S. 113-381).
- Pcrrmits to conduct .geophysical
exploration (C.S. 113-391).

' - Sedimentatlon'erosion control
plans for any land disturbing
• activity of over one contiguous
j� acre (G.S_ 113A-54).
P.ernits to construct an oil refinery.
Department of Natural Resources and '
Co-nmunity. Development
Secretary of NL RCD
"=- Easements to fill where lands are
Department of Administration i'- proposed -to be raised above the
normal high water mark of navigable
waters by filling (G.S. 146.6(c)).
Department of -Human Resources - Approval to operate a solid waste -
disposal site or facility (G:S.1307
' 166.16). '
- Approval for construction of any
public water supply facilitythat
furnishes crater to ten or more
residences (G.S. 130-160.1).

FEDERAL LlUt:v,tb ANU rztw" L a
A.Zency
Licenses and Permits `
Army Corps of Engineers
- Perrtits required under Sections 9
(Department of
Defense)
and 10 of the Rivers and Harbors
in
of 1899; permits to construct
navigable waters.
: - Permits required under Section 103
- - of the Marine Protection, Research
and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
Permits required under Section 404.
` of the Federal Water Pollution
:
Control Act of 1972;.permits to
undertake dredging and/or filling
activities.
Coast Guard
- Permits for bridges,•causeways,
(Department of
Transportation)
pipelines over navigable waters;
required under the Genzral Bridge
Act of 1946 and the Rivers and '
:
Harbors Act of 1899.
Deep water port permits.
Geological Survey
- Permits required for off -shore
Bureau of Land
(Department -of
;Ianagement
Interior)
drilling.
- Approvals.of OCS pipeline corridor
_
rights -of -way.
Nuclear Regulatory Corunission - Licenses for siting, construction
and operation of nuclear power
plants; required under the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 and Title 11 of
the Energy Reorganization Act of
- 1974.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
r
- Penn.its for construction, operation
and Maintenance of interstate pipe-
lines facilities, required under the
Natural Gas Act of 1938.
- Orders of interconnection of elec-
tric transmission facilities under
Section 202(b) of the Federal power
Act.

J•
z
•
J
- Permission required for abandonment
of natural gas pipeline and asso-
ciated facilities under Section 7C
(b) of the Natural Gas Act'of 1938_
Licenses for non-federal hydro-'
electric projects and associated
transmission lines under Sections p
4 and 15 of the Federal Power Act: _ r
- Permission required for abandonment
of natural gas pipeline and asso-
ciated facilities under Section 7C
(b) of the Natural Gas Act'of 1938_
Licenses for non-federal hydro-'
electric projects and associated
transmission lines under Sections p
4 and 15 of the Federal Power Act: _ r

K
CITY OF ELIZABETH CITY
TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM PROJECTS
APRIL 28, 1981
PUBLIC MEETING
AGRICULTURE BUILDING
ELIZABETH CITY, NORTH CAROLINA
FIVE-YEAR (1986)• TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
1) Storm Drainage Improvements for Hughes Boulevard and
Elizabeth Street
The City is actively involved in an on -going program to
revitalize its older, deteriorated neighborhoods. In
this regard, we have obligated large amounts of time
and money evaluating the existing storm sewer improve-
ments in our Sawyer Town Neighborhood in an effort to
reduce this neighborhood's flooding. Our consulting engineer's
investigation has found that the Sawyer Town drainage basin
has been effected by the storm sewer system constructed for
Hughes Boulevard and Elizabeth Street, State system highways.
Even before these two streets were constructed,, adequate
drainage was not available in this basin, and with the
construction of.these two streets the situation has been
aggravated. The present system collects and transports
rain water more quickly to the lower part of the drainage
basin where it cannot handle the flow; and therefore,
flooding occurs along Elizabeth Street and Road Street and
backs upstream into the Sawyer Town area.

A r
Since the primary streets of Elizabeth and Road Streets are
being routinely flooded, we feel that DOT should assist the
City in correcting this problem through financial or -in -kind
assistance. Since funds are limited, the most cost effec-
tive correction actions which can be taken are to: 1) divert
water near the Hughes:'Boulevard/Fleetwood Street intersection
away from the Sawyer Town neighborhood towards Knobbs Creek;
and 2) Assist in the maintenance of Elizabeth Street Drainage
Canal in the area of Krueger Chevrolet. Each of these two
items is estimated to cost in the vicinity of $25-30,000.
,Since the City has grant monies involved in the Sawyer Town
project, we need to obligate these funds in the near future.
Therefore, it is important that State assistance be obtained
_as soon as possible.
2) Construction of the Ward Street -Poindexter Street Section of
the City's Thoroughfare Plan
This project was listed as the first priority by the Depart-
ment of Transportation staff for the City's Thoroughfare Plan.
Completion of this project would effectively reduce congestion
along the Northern section of the Road Street corridor and
avoid widening of this street which runs through major residen-
tial areas of the City. Diversion of travel from Road Street
would also improve the traffic accident situation at several
intersections along Road Street and would provide a more
acceptable routing from a land use standpoint for traffic

Y
W
desiring .a.U.S.. 17 and. U.S., 158/168 linkup. The.City
proposes that the existing Poindexter Street right-of-way
alignment be seriously considered as an alternative to the
proposed Department of Transportation alignment in order
to reduce the disruption to property owners in that portion
of the City.
3.) Pedestrian and Bicycle System Development Plan
In order to do its part in meeting State and National energy
conservation goals, the Ci�y is currently working on a facilities
analysis with DOT Bicycle Program technical assistance.
Ultimately, the*:City desires a pedestrian -and bicycle
--development scheme to provide Elizabeth City residents with
an attractive and effective alternative to the automobile
for trips within the City. Hopefully, the study will focus
on developing a network to meet local commuter and other utili-
tarian trip purposes. Already a need exists for College of
the Albemarle students to safely bike to their U.S.-17_North
campus from the City proper. The City feels that an adequate
bikeway system could meet the majority of the existing trans-
portation needs for Elizabeth City State University, Roanoke
Bible College and College of the Albemarle students, the
primary non -recreational adult users of bicycles within the
City. Additionally, Ehringhaus Street, the primary strip
commercial artery of the City which connects the City's Central
Business District and Southgate Mall (the Albemarle region's
retail shopping center), should be provided with sidewalks
on both sides.

4.) Construction an Outer Loop to Relieve Congestion on Hughes
Boulevard
,
Hughes Boulevard presently has the highest vehicle per day
r.
traffic volumes in the fourteen counties of Division 1 (ie,
16,900 vpd for north of Halstead Boulevard to 17,500 at
Knobbs Creek and North Road). With the completion of four
laning of U.S. 17 to the Norfolk -Portsmouth -Hampton metro-
politan area, traffic volumes are anticipated to elevate
with resulting traffic congestion and safety problems.. One
alternative would be to widen'Hughes Boulevard from Oak Stump
Road to the Albemarle Hospital area to a five -lane cross
seetion. However, the unavailability or high cost'of land
(ie, hemmed in by the Southern Railroad right-of-way on one
side and expensive commercial property on the other) makes
this proposal unattractive: Therefore, the City feels that
consideration should be given to the construction of the
outer loop as identified by the Department of Transporation
staff in the Thoroughfare Plan. This means elevating this
project from its present thirteenth project priority listing
to immediate consideration. When considering that the need
exists now for some relief to Hughes and that land costs for
the outer loop would undoubtedly be much lower now than in
the future after development has occurred, the commitment to
construct the outer loop by the Board of Transportation would
be a rational allocation of State resources. New residential
development is occuring in the north-west portion of the
Elizabeth City urban area and the outer loop can guide this
development while effectively serving a by-pass function for
U.S. 17 around the City.

TEN-YEAR (1990) TRANSPORATION NEEDS
5.) Widen Halstead Boulevard
Halstead Boulevard is seen by the City as a.major growth
corridor for the future development of the City. The
highway already serves as a major east -west connector for
Southgate Mall, the regional retail shopping center; the
joint City -County Industrial Park; Elizabeth City State
University and the Coast Guard Base, the county's largest
employer. New growth is already tending to focus on these
facilities and will undoubtedly continue in the future.
Therefore, the City proposes the widening to alleviate
projected future capacity deficiencies. Sufficient right-
of-way (150 feet) currently exists to accomodate the four -
lane urban cross section recommended by the Department of
r
Transportation staff.
6.) Grade Separation Between the Southern Railroad Track and
Hughes Boulevard with Highes Boulevard -North Road Street -
Ward Street Intersection Improvement
Except for a circuitous and slow route through. the county
utilizing rural secondary roads, ambulance and other emer-
gency medical vehicles can only reach Albemarle Hospital from
the south by crossing the Southern Railroad tracks at Hughes
r
Boulevard. Blockage of the roadway is extremely dangerous
and particularly acut.e during the summer months when Albemarle
Hospital serves as the closest major trauma treatment facility
for citizens and vacationers on the Outer Banks. City fire
equipment responding to emergencies north of the City must

also utilize the U.S. 17 North (Hughes Boulevard) and therefore..,..,
must also face possible roadxqay blockage. In addition, train
scheduling during the peak rush hours has contributed to the
congestion along Hughes Boulevard. A grade separation is con-
sidered essential to permit ready access to the Hospital and
to enable the City to maintain its Class 5 Fire.Rating for the
Northern portion of the City. Since the Hughes Boulevard -North
Road Street -Ward Street intersection area is so close -to the
railroad, improvements would logically be in order when the
grade separation is accomplished.
7.) Apron Expansion for Fifteen Additional Aircraft Parking Spaces
at the Municipal Airport
The City's present apron expansion project already underway
should be sufficient for the next ten (10) years with current
projections. However, after that period, the City antici-
pates a need for an additional fifteen tie -downs.
TWENTY-YEAR (2000) TRANSPORTATION NEEDS
S.) Fixed -Route Transit System
.The recently completed Public Transportation Study for the
City has essentially recormended an evolutionary process
which will have public transportation evolve froma coordina-
tion phase in providing essential transportation for our
elderly, handicapped and low income to a single agency phase
to eventually an expansion phase. Most of this evolutionary
process -will be accomplished through the efforts of the existing
local Health Department -Department of Social Services consor-
tium utilizing Federal funds such as the Section 16(b)(2) grants.

W
9.) Completion of the Water Street -Herrington Road/Southern
Avenue Connector - Herrington Road Sections of the
Thoroughfare Plan
The Completion of these projects will provide north -south
travel as an alternative to South Road Street. Hopefully,
t diversion of travel from Road Street will eliminate widening
of that Street and improve the accident situation at several
intersections of Road. These improvements should also
alleviate projected capacity deficiencies on Southern Avenue,
Water Street and Hoffler Street.
The City proposes that the Department of Transporation staff
derive non -widening alternatives such as one-way street
pairings for the Water Street portion of this alignment and
that these: be presented to the.City Council for considera
tion.prior to any definitive action by the.State. Water
Street runsthrough a major portion. of, the City's downtown
retail area. Wideining of this street would therefore effec-
tively eliminate many of the downtown's businesses. Likewise,.
structures which face Water.Street are an.integral`part,of
the City's historic --district. A recent Waterfront Development
Study,foresees the mixed use of many of these structures using
an.historic theme. The City feels that the widening of Water
Street should bea last resort in meeting.our transportation
needs rather than a quick solution.
•

1

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COUNTY OF PASQUOTANKdc
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ELIZABETH CITY, N. C. 27909 w y'9 ap��?
CA
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COMMISSIONERS February 17, 1981
W. RALEIGH CARVER, Chairman F
W. C. OWENS. JR.• Vice Chairman
ALPHONSO NIXON
JIMMIE HARRIS
LOIS FOSTER �y jOF `L--.��f18ETH CiI%f�
a DAVID HARRIS
Mr. Tommy Combs, .City Manager
City of .Elizabeth City
Post Office Box 347
Elizabeth City., North Carolina 27909
Dear , Tommy
The Pasquotank County Board of Commissioners at its February 16,'1981
meeting unanimously.voted to designate the City of Elizabeth City and its
extraterritorial jurisdiction as a CAMA Planning Area in accordance with
General Statutes 113A 110(c). The designation of the City of Elizabeth
City as a CAMA:Planning Area has been recorded.in the minutes of the
February 16, 1981.Co'mmissioners Meeting.- Please accept this letter as
I formal notice of this designation for the City of Elizabeth City.
If you should have any questions or need any further information, please
contact me
Sincerely yours,
David Harris
County Manager
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