Land Use Plan-1998

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Adopted by the Boiling Spring Lakes Board of Commissioners: December 15, 1998
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: March 26, 1999
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
�1.

I
ITABLE OF CONTENTS
I Page
PREFACE........................................................ 1
SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
A.
ESTABLISHMENT
OF INFORMATION BASE ....................
I-1
B.
POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ..............
I-3
1.
Permanent Population ......................................
I-3
2.
Population Composition and Age ..............................
I-6
3.
Housing Characteristics
I-9
4.
Economy.............................................I-11
5.
Summary .............................................I-15
C.
EXISTING LAND USE
I-16
1.
General Patterns .........................................
I-16
a. Residential Land Use .:::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::
b. Commercial Land Use
I-19
I-19
C. Industrial Land Use .................................
I-20
d. Municipal Land Use .................................
e. Institutional/Semi-Public Land Use
I-20
I-20
f. Open Space and Recreation ............................
I-20
g. Transportation and Utilities ............................
h. Vacant Land
I-21
I-21
2.
Land Use Summary ......................................
I-21
3.
4.
Development Potential .....................................
Basinwide Water Quality Management ..........................
I-22
I-23
5.
Existing Ordinances and Land Use Controls .......................
I-24
a. Zoning Ordinance ..................................
b. Subdivision Ordinance ...............................
I-25
I-25
C. Flood Prevention and Protection Ordinance ..................
I-26
d. Building Code Regulations .............................
e. Feasibility Studies for Water Distribution System,
I-27
1981, 1989, and 1996................................
I-27
f. Sinkholes: Plan of Action (1983) ........................
I-28
g. 1992 City of Boiling Spring Lakes Land Use Plan .............
I-28
h. Registration of Go -Carts, Mopeds, Dirt Bikes, Etc. ..
I-28
6.
Effectiveness of the 1992 Land Use Plan and Policies ................
I-29
D.
DEVELOPMENT
CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES .................
I-29
1.
Water Supply .
I-29
2.
Sewage Disposal ........................................
I-29
3.
Drainage ..............................................
I-29
4.
Solid Waste Disposal
I-32
5.
Police...............................................I-33
6. Fire.................................................I-33
7. Administration I-33
Table of Contents 1 ,

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8.
Transportation ..........................................
I-34
9.
Emergency Rescue .......................................
I-35
10.
Electrical Distribution .....................................
I-35
11.
Telephone Service .......................................
1-35
12.
Cable Television ........................................
I-35
13.
Schools..............................................I-35
14.
Recreation ....................... ...................1-36
15.
Health Services .........................................
I-36
E. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY .................
I-38
1.
Topography/Geology.....................................I-38
2.
Flood Hazard Areas ......................................
I-39
3.
Soils................................................I-39
4.
Manmade Hazards/Restrictions ...............................
I-43
5.
Fragile Areas ...........................................
I43
a. 404 Wetlands .....................................
I-44
b. Slopes in Excess of 12% ..............................
I-45
C. Excessive Erosion Areas ..............................
I-45
d. Historic and Archaeological Sites ........................
I-45
e. Natural Resource Fragile Areas .........................
I-45
f. Water Resources ...................................
1-46
6.
Areas of Resource Potential .................................
I-48
a. Agricultural and Forestlands ...........................
I-48
b. Regionally Significant Public Parks .......................
I-48
7.
Miscellaneous Development Constraint Issues .....................
I-48
a. Marinas and Mooring Fields ...........................
I-48
b. Floating Homes ....................................
I-49
C. Aquaculture......................................
I-49
d. Channel Maintenance and Interstate Waterways ...............
I-49
e. Bulkhead Construction ...............................
I-49
SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
A. PROJECTED DEMAND FOR DEVELOPMENT ........................
II-1
1.
Demographic Trends ......................................
II-1
2.
Commercial and Industrial Land Use ...........................
II-4
3.
Housing Trends .........................................
II-5
4.
Public/Semi-Public Land Use ................................
II-5
5.
Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes ................
II-6
6.
Summary .............................................II-6
B. PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY ...............
II-7
1.
City -Wide Water System ...................................
II-7
2.
Regional Sewer System Efforts ...............................
H-8
3.
City Hall Improvements ....................................
II-8
4.
Paving of Unpaved Roads ..................................
II-8
5.
Additional Public Facilities Improvements ........................
II-8
a. Brunswick County Schools .............................
II-9
b. N.C. Department of Transportation .......................
11-9
Table of Contents 2 ' ,
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C. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES .................................... II-10
D. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION ..... II-10
SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM .......................... III-1
SECTION IV: POLICY STATEMENTS
A. INTRODUCTION TO POLICY STATEMENTS .......................
IV-1
B. VISION STATEMENT ........................................
IV-2
C. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES .............................
D. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES .............
IV-2
IV-8
E. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ...........
IV-11
F. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES ..................
G. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY,
IV-16
AND EVACUATION PLANS ...................................
IV-16
SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
A. DEVELOPED CLASS ..........................................
B. RURAL CLASS ..............................................
V-1
V-1
C. CONSERVATION CLASS .......................................
V-1
TABLES
Table 1 City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County, Summary of Year -
Round Population Growth, 1980-1995 ....................
I-3
Table 2 Total Population and Percent Change for LAMA. Regulated Counties
and State, 1980, 1990, and 1995 ..........
I-5
Table 3 City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Population Characteristics by Age
Group, 1980-1990.................................
I-6
Table 4 City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County, Population by
Education, 1990..................................
I-8
Table 5 City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County, Racial
Composition, 1990 ................................
I-8
Table 6 City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County, Population
Distribution by Sex, 1990 .............................
I-9
Table 7 City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Housing Tenure and Vacancy, 1980-
1990..........................................
I-9
Table 8 City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Housing Conditions, 1990 ........
I-10
Table 9 City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County, Housing Values,
1990..........................................
I-11
ITable of Contents 3 1

Paee
Table 10 City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County, Household Income,
1990..........................................
I-12
Table 11
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County, Labor Force
Status, Persons 16 Years Old and Over, 1990 ...............
I-12
Table 12
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Poverty Status, 1990 ...........
I-13
Table 13
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Employed Persons 16 Years and
Older by Industry, 1990 .............................
1-13
Table 14
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Travel Time to Work, 1990 .......
1-14
Table 15
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Approximate Land Use Acreage by
Land Use Category ................................
I-16
Table 16
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Building Permit Activity, 1992 to
June, 1997......................................
I-19
Table 17
Brunswick County, Solid Waste Tonnage and Per Capita Disposal
Rate, FY92-93 to FY94-95 ...........................
I-32
Table 18
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, School System Status ...........
I-35
Table 19
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Soil Series Characteristics ........
I-42
Table 20
City of Boiling Spring Lakes and Brunswick County Population
Forecasts .......................................
II-1
Table 21
Total Population and Percent Change for CAMA-Regulated Counties
and State, 1995-2010 ...............................
II-3
MAPS
Map 1
Regional Location Map ..............................
3
Map 2A
Boiling Spring Lakes Existing Land Use ...................
I-17
Map 2B
Boiling Spring Lakes Existing Land Use ...................
I-18
Map 3
Boiling Spring Lakes Community Facilities and Flood Prone Areas
I-30
Map 4
Boiling Spring Lakes Flood Hazard Map ..................
1-40
Map 5
Boiling Spring Lakes Soils Map ........................
1-41
Map 6
Boiling Spring Lakes Fragile Areas ......................
1-47
Map 7
Boiling Spring Lakes Land Classification Map ...............
I11-4
FIGURES
Figure 1
Brunswick County/Boiling Spring Lakes Population Growth, 1980
to1995......................................
1-4
Figure 2
Boiling Spring Lakes Age Distribution, 1980 and 1990 .........
I-7
Figure 3
Brunswick County/Boiling Spring Lakes Population Growth, 2000
to2010........................................
II-2
Table of Contents 4 1 1

I
APPENDICES
Appendix I 1992 Land Use Plan Policy Statements
Appendix II Boiling Spring Lakes Policies Considered But Not Adopted
Appendix III Boiling Spring Lakes Citizen Participation Plan
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ITable of Contents 5 1

IPREFACE
This update is being undertaken to respond to the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act
(LAMA) which requires the update of CAMA land use plans every five years. While this update is
mandated by legislation, there are broader and more important reasons to engage in the planning
process. Basically, planning begins with understanding your community and its people and learning
how to care for them. Municipal plans and planning affect people's lives. Tough choices must be
made about the natural, manmade, and financial resources in the community. The municipal budget
should be compared to the municipal plan to ensure that public money will be spent in accordance with
the community's goals and objectives.
The planning process also serves to educate us about ourselves, our attitudes towards others, and our
willingness to share a sense of community. Planning is often promoted as a means of community
decision -making through public participation. But planning also may involve conflict and friction
because it may divide us into opposing groups. Some conflict in the planning process is good. It
stimulates us to think and reminds us of the need to understand and tolerate, and even support, the
opinions of others.
A community should not undertake the preparation of a land use plan without understanding that a plan
should be:
1. Comprehensive in setting goals and objectives for all aspects of the
community.
2. Part of a continuous planning process that is timely and responsive to
the needs and desires of the community.
3. The legal basis for land use regulations and a guide for a capital
improvements plan for municipal budgeting.
There are commonly accepted reasons to plan and not to plan. These should be understood, and are
summarized as follows:
Reasons Not To Plan
-- Do not expect a plan to produce immediate changes.
-- Do not plan because you believe it will be a solution to
business/industrial recruitment.
_ -- Do not plan simply because it is the popular thing to do.
_= Do not adopt a plan to accomplish limited or single purpose goals.
Do not plan to reform government. Planning is not a solution to bad
politics.
-- Things are going okay, don't plan.
IPreface 1 '

Reasons to Plan
-- To promote common sense and intelligent community thought.
-- For sound community management (i.e., to manage development and
public infrastructure).
-- To protect property values.
-- To encourage citizen participation.
-- To coordinate commercial/industrial development to other
public/private development activities.
-- To direct the physical appearance of the municipality.
-- To promote regional intergovernmental cooperation.
-- To promote a community pride.
Once the plan is prepared, the community must realize that the plan is not the end of the process. A
community must continuously work at accomplishing plan implementation and establishing an effective
planning program. The City of Boiling Spring Lakes must view the preparation of this document as
the first step in a continually evolving process.
Preface 2 1

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Preface
REGIONAL LOCATION MAP
MAP 1
JUNE, 1997
BRUNSWICK COUNTY ,
SaCreek
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Shallotte" °�- rt Smithyille
Vf`nafrn OW(I't0 Fa 1
Shallotfe'
`14 h ;Holach Casw II -Beach
Calabash'
Sunse Beach
�, Bald HAM Island
ew

SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) of 1974 establishes a cooperative program of
coastal area management between local governments and the state. Land use planning lies at the center
of a municipality's involvement and provides Boiling Spring Lakes an opportunity and responsibility
to establish and enforce policies to guide the development of the city. This 1998 land use plan update
for the City of Boiling Spring Lakes is prepared in accordance with CAMA requirements. These
requirements for plan preparation are included in the North Carolina Administrative Code, 15A NCAC
7B. This section of the administrative code provides the following description of what a CAMA land
use plan should accomplish: The land use planning should provide opportunities for careful technical
analysis of the implications of various development alternatives, allow meaningful involvement of
citizens in discussing the future of their community, and provide a chance for local elected officials
to make clear public policy choices for the future that help guide public and private investments. Land
use planning is an important tool for effectively addressing the many complicated issues that face areas
with high growth as well as those areas that are economically distressed and in great need of new
employment opportunities.
In addition, 15A NCAC 7B stipulates that a land use plan shall include the following basic
elements:
1) Executive Summary
2) Introduction
3) Goals and Objectives
4) Data Collection and Analysis
5) Present Conditions
6) Constraints
7) Estimated Demands
8) Policy Statements
9) Land Classification
10) Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
11) Public Participation
These eleven elements define the minimum level of planning necessary to fulfill the objectives
of the Coastal Area Management Act.
In the policy statement section, the Coastal Resources Commission requires all governments
to identify development policies under each one of five broad topics as specified by 15A NCAC 7B.
These topics include:
_= Resource Protection
Resource Production and Management
-- Economic and Community Development
_= Continuing Public Participation
Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plans
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-1 I

During 1995 and 1996, the NCAC 7B CAMA planning guidelines were revised. The revised
guidelines included new requirements for the development of policy statements. These changes
included the following policy statement additions:
-- A general vision policy statement describing the type of community that the local
government would like to become within the next ten years.
-- A basic statement of the community attitude toward resource protection.
— A policy addressing the protection of wetlands identified as being of the highest
functional significance on maps supplied by the Division of Coastal Management.
— A policy addressing moorings and mooring fields.
— A policy addressing water quality problems and management measures designed to
reduce or eliminate local sources of surface water quality problems.
A statement of the community attitude toward resource production and management.
-- A policy addressing commitment to state and federal programs, including housing
rehabilitation, community development block grants, housing for low and moderate
income level citizens, water and sewer installation, and rural water systems.
— A policy addressing assistance to interstate waterways.
Listed below are some of the sources and documents utilized during preparation of this land
use plan:
-- Brunswick County 1993 Land Use Plan Update.
-- USDA Soil Conservation Service, Brunswick County Detailed Soil Survey.
-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes Staff.
-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes Municipal Code.
-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes 1992 CAMA Land Use Plan.
— City of Boiling Spring Lakes 1996 Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes Zoning Ordinance.
-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes Subdivision Ordinance.
-- NCDOT, Planning and Policies Section.
-- North Carolina State Data Center.
-- North Carolina Division of Archives and History.
— North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Staff.
-- North Carolina Division of Community Assistance
— 1990 U.S. Census.
— National Flood Insurance Program, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, City of Boiling
Spring Lakes.
— Brunswick County Thoroughfare Plan.
-- Brunswick County School System.
-- Dosher Memorial Hospital.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-2 1 1

IB. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
1
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1. Permanent Population
From 1980 to 1995, Boiling Spring Lakes experienced substantial growth, increasing its
population from 998 to 1,976. This was a 98% growth rate, well above the Brunswick
County average municipal growth rate of 77.8%. All of the Boiling Spring Lakes population
growth has occurred as the result of in -migration. Annexation actions have not contributed
to the population growth. Many other Brunswick County municipalities have experienced
significant population growth primarily as a result of annexation. Table 1 provides a summary
of the Brunswick County population growth from 1980 to 1995. The city is comprising an
increasingly larger percentage of the county's total population. The city and county population
growth is compared in Figure 1.
Table 1
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County
Summary of Year -Round Population Growth, 1980-1995
Year -Round Population
Municipality/Area
1980*
1990*
1995**
Bald Head Island (A)
0
78
87
Belville
102
66
93
Boiling Spring Lakes
998
1,650
1,976
Bolivia
252
228
251
Calabash
128
1,210
1,364
Caswell Beach
110
175
209
Holden Beach
232
626
782
Leland
1,545
1,801
2,050
Long Beach
1,844
3,816
4,674
Navassa
439
445
492
Northwest (B)
--
611
727
Ocean Isle Beach
143
523
664
Sandy Creek (A)
0
243
268
Shallotte
680
1,073
1,123
Southport
2,824
2,369
2,540
Sunset Beach
304
311
778
Varnamtown (A)
328
404
465
Yaupon Beach
569
764
850
Total Municipalities
10,498
15,782
18,666
Total Unincorporated Areas
75 979
115901
47 m3
Total County
35,777
50,985
60,739
Percent Chance
Overall
'80-'90
'90-'95
'80-'95
--
11.5%
--
-35.3 %
40.9 %
-8.8 %
65.3%
19.8%
98.0%
-9.5%
10.1%
-0.4%
845.3 %
12.7%
965.6%
59.1 %
19.4%
90.0%
169.8 %
24.9 %
237.1 %
16.6%
13.8%
32.7%
106.9 %
22.5 %
153.5 %
1.4%
10.6%
12.1%
--
19.0%
--
265.7 %
27.0 %
364.3 %
--
10.3 %
--
57.8%
4.7%
65.1%
-16.1%
7.2%
-10.1%
2.3%
150.2%
155.9%
23.2%
15.1%
41.8%
29.0%
15.8%
49.4%
50.0%
18.5%
77.8%
39.4%
19.4%
66.4%
42.5 %
19.1 %
69.8 %
(A) This municipality has incorporated or reactivated between the 1980 and the 1990 Census. The 1980 figure
shown is a separation count derived after incorporation and is not published in the 1980 Census reports.
(B) This municipality has incorporated since the 1990 Census. The figure shown for 1990 is a Census separation
count derived after incorporation and is not published in the 1990 Census reports.
Sources: *1990 U.S. Census; **N.C. State Data Center.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-3 1

70000
.eee•
50000
R
o°a. 40000
c 30000
20000
10000
Ell
FIGURE 1
BRUNSWICK COUNTYBOILING SPRING LAKES
POPULATION GROWTH, 1980 TO 1995
1980* 1990* 1995**
Year
■ Boiling Spring Lakes
IM Brunswick County
Source: *1990 U.S. Census; "North Carolina Office of State Planning.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-4 ,

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Boiling Spring Lakes and Brunswick County are high growth areas. They are feeling the
impact of being coastal communities and being located between the Wilmington and Myrtle
Beach metropolitan areas. From 1990 to 1995, Brunswick County was the second fastest
growing CAMA county. Table 2 provides a summary of the 1980 to 1995 population growth
for the twenty coastal counties.
Table 2
Total Population and Percent Change for
CAMA-Regulated Counties and State, 1980, 1990, and 1995
Percent Change
County
1980
1990
1995
'%-195
Beaufort
40,355
42,283
43,330
2.5%
Bertie
21,024
20,388
20,638
1.2%
Brunswick
35,777
50,985
60,739
19.1%
Camden
5,829
5,904
6,316
7.0%
Carteret
41,092
52,553
57,612
9.6%
Chowan
12,558
13,506
14,031
3.9%
Craven
71,043
81,613
85,816
5.1 %
Currituck
11,089
13,736
15,818
15.2%
Dare
13,377
22,746
25,758
13.2%
Gates
8,875
9,305
9,798
5.3%
Hertford
23,368
22,523
22,468
-0.2%
Hyde
5,873
5,411
5,211
-3.7%
New Hanover
103,471
120,284
139,577
16.0%
Onslow
112,784
149,838
147,912
-1.3%
Pamlico
10,398
11,368
11,869
4.4%
Pasquotank
28,462
31,298
33,290
6.4%
Pender
22,262
28,855
34,671
20.2%
Perquimans
9,486
10,447
10,650
1.9%
Tyrrell
3,975
3,856
3,812
-1.1%
Washington
14,801
13,997
13,766
-1.7%
Total CAMA Counties
595,899
710,896
763,082
28.1 %
State of North Carolina
5,880,095
6,632,448
7,194,238
22.3%
Source: Office of State Planning.
In 1995, Brunswick County was the fourth most populated CAMA-regulated county ranking
behind Onslow, New Hanover, and Craven counties. In addition, between 1990-1995,
Brunswick County's population grew 19.1 % making it the second fastest growing CAMA-
regulated county.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-5 1

Brunswick County currently includes more municipalities than any other North Carolina
county. Throughout the past two decades, the county's incorporated beach communities have
had the highest growth rates in the county. Since 1980, Brunswick County municipalities have
grown slightly faster than the unincorporated areas of the county. However, it is significant
that the unincorporated areas of the county have grown faster than the municipalities since
1990.
The Boiling Spring Lakes population is primarily permanent year-round population. There
is no significant seasonal population.
2. Population Composition and Aae
Boiling Spring Lakes has a significant retirement age population. In 1990, over 30 % of the
city's total population was 55 years old or older and 18.7 % was 65 years old or older. In
comparison, the 65 and over age group percentages for the state and Brunswick County in
1990 were about 12 % and 11 %, respectively. In addition, the city's older population is the
fastest growing segment of the population. From 1980 to 1990, the 65 and over age group
increased from 140 to 309, an increase of 120.7%. The 35-44 age group also experienced
tremendous change, increasing 177.5 % during the 1980s. However, the city's school age
population is also increasing. From 1980 to 1990, there was a 45 % increase in the 5 to 24
year old age group. The city's population composition by age group is provided in Table 3
and summarized in Figure 2.
Age Group
0-4 years
5-14 years
15-24 years
25-34 years
35-44 years
45-54 years
55-64 years
65 & Over
Total
Table 3
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Population Characteristics by Age Group, 1980-1990
1980
72
149
127
136
103
108
163
140
998
1990
99
207
194
238
224
184
195
309
1,650
# Change
27
58
67
102
121
76
32
169
652
% Change
37.5 %
38.9%
52.8%
75.0 %
117.5 %
70.4 %
19.6 %
120.7 %
65.3 %
Source: North Carolina State Data Center, Office of State Budget and Management; Holland Consulting
Planners, Inc.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-6 1
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FIGURE 2
BOILING SPRING LAKES
AGE DISTRIBUTION, 1980 and 1990
1
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1
1
1
1
1
16%
125
119
1980
1 A01. 7%
10% 1 If fu
1990
18%
tea._
14"i6 141/0
Source: U.S. Census.
13%
3%
12%
El 0-4 years
E9 5-14 years
815-24 years
® 25-34 years
■ 35-44 years
E 45-54 years
❑ 55-64 years
® 65 & over
0 0-4 years
0 5-14 years
815-24 years
El 25-34 years
0 35-44 years
® 45-54 years
❑ 55-64 years
is 65 & over
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I_7 ,

u
1
The city's population relative to Brunswick County is well educated. Forty-two percent (42 %)
of the 1990 population had attained at least some college education. Approximately 22 % of
the population had obtained a college degree. Table 4 provides a summary of the city and
county 1990 educational attainment. The quality of the schools serves as an attraction for
people to locate in Boiling Spring Lakes.
Table 4
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County
Population by Education, 1990
Educational Attainment
Less than 9th grade
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
High school graduate
Some college, no degree
College degree
Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
I
1
11
Boiline Smine Lakes
72
6%
172
15 %
427
37 %
226
20 %
256
22 %
Brunswick Countv
4,013 12%
6,701 19%
11,581 33%
6,268 18%
6,192 18%
Boiling Spring Lakes has a very small nonwhite population. In 1990, only 52 (3.1 %) persons
out of the total population was nonwhite. The majority of this population was black. In
comparison, 18 % of the Brunswick County 1990 population was black. It is expected that the
black population will remain a small percentage of the city's total population. Table 5
provides a summary of the 1990 racial composition for both Boiling Spring Lakes and
Brunswick County.
Table 5
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County
Racial Composition, 1990
Racial Composition
Total Population
White
Black
American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut
Asian/Pacific Islander
Other Race
Hispanic Origin (any race)
Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
Boiling Spring Lakes
1,672
1,620 97%
35 2%
11 1%
2 0%
4 0%
12 1 %
Brunswick Countv
50,985
41,303 81 %
9,185 18%
298 1 %
63 0%
136 0%
306 1 %
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-8 1

From 1980 to 1990, there was almost no change in Boiling Spring Lakes' population
composition by sex. During that decade, the male population decreased by 2 % while the
female population increased by 2 %. In 1990 the male/female ratio was 49 % 15 1 % for both the
City of Boiling Spring Lakes and Brunswick County. Table 6 provides the 1980-90 city and
county population distribution by sex.
,
Table 6
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County
Population Distribution by Sex, 1990
Boiling Spring Lakes Brunswick County
1980 1990 1980 1990
% of % of % of % of
Number Total Number Total Number Total Number Total
Male 505 51% 807 49% 17,619 49% 24,934 49%
Female 493 49% 843 51 % 18,158 51 % 26,051 51 %
Total 998 100% 1,650 100% 35,777 100% 50,984 100%
Source: NC State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
3. Housing Characteristics
From 1980 to 1997, Boiling Spring Lakes has experienced substantial residential growth.
During the decade 1980 to 1990, the total number of residential units increased from 450 to
824, an increase of 83.1 %. For comparison, Brunswick County experienced a 72 % increase
in its dwelling units from 1980 to 1992. In addition, field surveys for land use indicate that
the number of residential units increased by 516 dwelling units from October, 1991, to June,
1997. Thus, the 1997 total number of residential dwelling units should be approximately
1,325. Table 7 provides a summary of the city's dwelling unit inventory by tenure and
vacancy.
Table 7
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Housing Tenure and Vacancy, 1980-1990
1980 1990 # Change % Change
TOTAL UNITS 450 824* 374 83.1 %
Total Year -Round Units
Occupied 366 666 300 82.0 %
Renter Occupied 55 62 7 _ 12.7 %
Owner Occupied 311 604 243 67.3 %
Vacant Units 84 158 74 88.1 %
For Sale 5 21 16 320.0%
For Rent 17 15 -2 -11.8 %
Other 42 22 -20 -47.6 %
Seasonal Units 20 100 80 400.0%
Source: NC State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
*For comparison, in January 1992, Waste Industries provided service to 796 residential customers.
'
Section 1: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-9

j
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The growth in seasonal dwelling units from 1980 to 1990 was significant (seasonal unit and
not seasonal population). The total increased from 20 in 1980 to 100 in 1990, a 400%
increase. Because Boiling Spring Lakes is a non -resort community, the city's average
household size of 2.5 should be applied to estimate the seasonal population of 250 persons.
The city had 58 vacant nonseasonal dwelling units comprising approximately 7 % of the total
housing inventory. This is a very low vacancy rate. A 10-12% vacancy rate is usually
considered to be normal.
The city has a "young" housing inventory. In 1990, approximately 45 % of the dwelling units
were less than ten years old. Much of the 1990 housing inventory, 38.6%, was comprised of
mobile homes. Single-family detached, site -built dwelling units provided over 60 % of the
total housing. In 1990, there were only three multi -family dwelling units. There were only
11 dwelling units in 1990 which did not have complete kitchen facilities, and all had complete
bathroom facilities. Thus, the overall dwelling unit conditions were good. Table 8 provides
a summary of the city's 1990 housing conditions.
Table 8
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Housing Conditions, 1990
Condition and Age
Number
% of Total
Total Year -Round Units
824
100 %
Age
0-9 years
374
45.5 %
10-19 years
349
42.4 %
20-29 years
95
11.5 %
30-39 years
0
0 %
40 or more years
6
0.7 %
Condition
Lacking complete bathroom facilities
0
0 %
Lacking complete kitchen facilities
8
1.0 %
Lacking complete heating equipment
3
0.4 %
Type
Single-family
500
60.7%
Detached
495
60.0 %
Attached
5
0.7 %
Multi -family
3
0.4 %
2-unit
2
0.2 %
3 or more units
1
0.1 %
Mobile home or trailer`
318
38.6%
Other
3
0.4 %
Source: NC State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
'Mobile Home or Trailer: Both occupied and vacant mobile homes to which no permanent rooms have been added. If
only a porch or shed has been added, the unit is counted in this category. Mobile homes or trailers used only for
business purposes or for extra sleeping space, and mobile homes or trailers for sale on a dealer's lot at the factory, or in
storage, are not counted in the housing inventory. In the printed reports, this category includes occupied housing units
indicated as "boat, tent, van, etc.," i.e., any occupied units which do not fit the other listed categories. Houseboats,
railroad cars, campers, and caves used as usual place of residence provide additional examples. Source: 1990 Census.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-10 I
1

Table 9 provides an analysis of the city and county housing values. The city's 190 median
owner -occupied housing value of $73,600 was above that of $70,400 for the county. The
majority of the city's owner -occupied housing was in the $50,000 to $150,000 price range.
Only 11 dwelling units were valued above $150,000.
Table 9
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County
Housing Values, 1990
Boiling
Brunswick
Spring Lakes
County
Less than $15,000
0
360
$15,000 to $19,999
2
208
$20,000 to $24,999
2
188
$25,000to $29,999
2
212
$30,000to $34,999
8
335
$35,000to $39,000
14
423
$40,000to $44,999
19
466
$45,000 to $49,999
23
433
$50,000 to $59,999
47
1,076
$50,000 to $74,999
91
1,452
$75,000 to $99,999
119
1,845
$100,000to $124,999
45
909
$125,000to $149,999
16
609
$150,000 to $174,999
3
367
$175,000 to $199,999
6
175
$200,000to $249,999
0
135
$250,000 to $299,999
2
121
$300,000 to $399,999
0
55
$400,000 to $499,999
0
9
$500,000 or more
0
32
Median Value
$73,600
$70,400
Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
4. EconQmy
The Boiling Spring Lakes population has an average household income of $38,337 which is
well above the Brunswick County average household income of $29,668. Approximately 20 %
of the city's households have incomes in the $50,000 to $99,000 range. The city and county
1990 household income data are provided in Table 10.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-11 '
1
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ITable 10
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County
Household Income, 1990
Income Ranges Boiling Spring Lakes* Brunswick County
Households (100% base) 659** 20,094
By 1989 Income Level:
Less than $20,000 179 27% 8,455 42%
$20,000 to $34,999 197 30% 5,392 27%
$35,000 to $49,999 141 21 % 3,255 16%
$50,000 to $74,999 98 15% 2,060 10%
$75,000 to $99,999 30 5 % 574 3 %
$100,000 to $149,999 8 1 % 228 1 %
$150,000 or more 6 1 % 130 1 %
Average Household Income $38,337 $29,668
*The city disputes these numbers; it believes the incomes shown in the table are too high.
**This total does not represent 100% of the total number of households present within the city in 1990. This
is due to individuals who choose not to report their household income on census surveys.
Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
In 1990, Boiling Spring Lakes had a low unemployment rate, 3.8 %. This was lower than the
county unemployment rate of 4.2 %. The city had 44.8 % of its population 16 years old and
over which was not in the labor force. Individuals not in the labor force are either disabled,
unemployed by choice, or retired. Based on the 1990 Census, it is estimated that
approximately 50 % of the city's employment age population is retired. The high percentage
of those not in the labor force reflects the city's large number of retirement age people. Table
11 provides a summary of the 1990 labor force status for the city and county.
Table 11
City of Boiling Spring Lakes/Brunswick County
Labor Force Status, Persons 16 Years Old and Over, 1990
iBoiling
Spring Lakes Male Female Total % of Total
Labor Force
Armed Forces 1 0 1 0.08%
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed 393 289 682 51.4 %
Unemployed 26 24 50 3.8 %
Not in Labor Force 223 371 594 44.8 %
TOTAL 643 684 1,327 100.0%
Brunswick County
Labor Force
Armed Forces 81 8 89 0.2 %
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed 12,522 9,788 22,310 55.2%
Unemployed 750 952 1,702 4.2%
Not in Labor Force 6,100 10,211 16,311 40.4%
TOTAL 19,452 20,959 40,412 100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
'
Section 1: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-12

Table 12 indicates that the City of Boiling Spring Lakes has a relatively small portion of
individuals that are considered to be below the poverty level. Based on the number of persons
enumerated for poverty status in 1990, only 5 % of the population were considered to be below
75 % of poverty. On the other hand, 76.8 % of the population were reported as having income
200 % of the poverty level and above.
Table 12
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Poverty Status, 1990
'
% of
Income Level Individuals Total
Income below 75 % of poverty level 82 5.0 %
Income between 75 % and 124 % of poverty level 102 6.1 %
Income between 125 % and 149 % of poverty level 36 2.1 %
Income between 150 % and 199 % of poverty level 166 10.0 %
Income 200 % of poverty level and above 1,278 87.8 %
TOTAL 1,664 100.0%
Source: 1990 U.S. Census. I
In 1990, a large portion of the city's employed population (25 %) worked in the service
industries. This may be the result of the strong influence which the tourist industry has on
Brunswick County. Other significant employment groups included the construction industry,
communications or other public utilities, and retail trade.
There are no industrial sites and limited commercial buildings in Boiling Spring Lakes. The
Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance includes an industrial district, although no areas were
zoned for industrial use in 1992. Boiling Spring Lakes does, however, function as a bedroom
community for workers employed in other parts of Brunswick County, so the lack of
commercial and industrial facilities does not have an adverse impact on local employment.
Table 13 provides detailed information on employment by occupation.
Table 13
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry, 1990
Occupation
Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Mining
Construction
Manufacturing:
Nondurable Goods
Durable Goods
Number
% of
Employed
Total
14
2.1 %
87
12.8%
53 7.8% '
17 2.5 %
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-13 1 1

Table 13 (Continued)
Number
% of
Occupation
Employed
Total
Transportation
23
3.4 %
Communication, Other Public Utilities
86
12.6%
Wholesale Trade
25
3.6 %
Retail Trade
119
17.4 %
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate
20
2.9 %
Services:
Business and Repair Services
49
7.2%
Personal, Entertainment & Recreation
10
1.5 %
Professional & Related Services:
Health Services
48
7.0%
Educational Services
52
7.6 %
Other Professional & Related Services
17
2.5 %
Public Administration
62
9.1 %
TOTAL EMPLOYED
682
100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes provides very limited employment opportunities. Most of
the city's employed residents drive 15 minutes or longer to reach their place of employment.
Table 14 provides the 1990 travel time to work for the city's employed population.
Table 14
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Travel Time to Work, 1990
Boiling
Travel Time to Work
Spring Lakes
Did Not Work At Home:
Less than 5 minutes
13
5 to 9 minutes
39
10 to 14 minutes
103
15 to 19 minutes
161
20 to 24 minutes
101
25 to 29 minutes
13
30 to 34 minutes
100
35 to 39 minutes
22
40 to 44 minutes
28
45 to 59 minutes
56
60 to 89 minutes
21
90 or more minutes
7
Worked At Home
9
Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-14 1

5. Summary
The following provides a summary of the significant demographic, housing, and economic
factors affecting Boiling Spring Lakes:
-- Boiling Spring Lakes experienced a major population increase from 1980 to 1995.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes had a 121 % increase in the 65 years and older age group from
1980 to 1990.
-- Substantial residential construction growth occurred in Boiling Spring Lakes from
1980 to 1995.
-- There was a 40 % increase in housing units held for seasonal or occasional use from
1980 to 1990.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes has a very "young" housing inventory.
-- Approximately 40 % of Boiling Spring Lakes' housing units are mobile homes. (This
includes double -wide mobile homes but excludes prefabricated homes.)
-- The average household income for Boiling Spring Lakes is higher than that of
Brunswick County.
-- Unemployment in Boiling Spring Lakes is relatively low.
-- In 1990, 76.8 % of the population had incomes which were 200 % of the poverty level
and above; only 5 % were considered to be below the poverty level.
-- Most of the city's employed population travels longer than 15 minutes to reach their
place of work.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-15 1

IC. EXISTING LAND USE
1. General Patterns
The majority of the acreage within the City of Boiling Spring Lakes remains undeveloped.
Single-family conventional dwellings and mobile homes are the dominant land uses while
commercial development comprises less than 1 % of the total developed acreage. With the
exception of residential development, land use within the city has changed very little since the
land use plan was last updated in 1992. Table 15 provides a summary of land uses within the
City of Boiling Spring Lakes. It should be noted that these figures are estimates and have
been provided to give a general indication of land use.
Table 15
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Approximate Land Use Acreage by Land Use Category
Single -Family Residential* 612 4%
Commercial 22 < 1 %
Municipal** 266 2 %
Public/Semi-Public 133 < 1 %
Transportation and Utilities 2,550 15%
Recreation/Open Space 394 2 %
Total Developed 3,977 23 %
Vacant 13,023 77%
Total Acres 17,000 100%
*Includes mobile homes and conventional single-family residential units.
**Includes Boiling Spring Lake, approximately 250 acres.
NOTE: Above acreages are estimates and are intended to provide a general indication of land use.
'
Source: City staff and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Based on building permit activity, the majority of development since 1992 has been
conventional single-family residential "stick built" homes or mobile home placement. Nearly
all of this development has occurred northeast of NC 87. Nearly all existing land uses are
shown on Map 2A; Map 2B shows in greater detail the developed area south of NC 87. Due
to map size and scale, it is not feasible to distinguish between mobile homes and conventional
dwelling units.
Table 16 provides a summary of the city's building permit activity between 1992 and June,
1997. This table includes only the permits issued for new construction and does not include
home improvement/expansion permits.
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-16

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Table 16
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
'
Building Permit Activity, 1992 to June, 1997
Single -Family Average Single -Family
Residential Residential
(Conventional) Mobile Home Commercial Construction Cost
1992 36 13 0 $74,167
1993 49 11 0 $73,552
1994 41 13 3 $79,753
1995 35 22 1 $77,199
1996* 48 28 2 $86,061
Jan -Jun 1997* 28 16 1 $79,640
Total 1992-June, 1997 237 103 7 $78,146
'
*In 1996, the city began tracking building permit data by fiscal year rather than by calendar year. Therefore,
the data provided above for calendar year 1996 and of 1997 were extracted from fiscal tabulations.
part year
Source: City of Boiling Spring Lakes Building Inspection Department and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Approximately 68 % of the total permits issued for new construction between 1992 and June,
1997 were for conventional single-family residential construction. The remaining permits
were distributed between mobile home placement (30%) and commercial construction (2%).
a. Residential Land Use
Three general areas can be identified where large concentrations of residential
development have taken place since 1992. These areas include the following: east of
Sunny Point Railroad off Fifty Lakes Drive; north of Boiling Spring Road between
the Sunny Point Railroad and Spring Lake; and east of Sunny Point Railroad off
Boiling Spring Road. Residential densities in these areas range from approximately
1.5-1.8 dwelling units per acre. It has been estimated that approximately 612 acres,
or 4 % of the city's total acreage, have been developed for residential use. Between
1992-1996, the average annual rates of conventional single-family residential
construction and new mobile home placement were 42 and 17 units per year,
respectively. In addition, the average cost of conventional single-family residential
construction during the period was $78,146 per unit.
' b. Commercial Land Use
Approximately 22 acres in Boiling Spring Lakes have been developed for commercial
use. This amounts to less than 1 % of the city's total land area. Except for one retail
store and the Fox Squirrel Country Club/Pro Shop, all commercial activity in Boiling
' Spring Lakes is centered on NC 87. Approximately 1,850 acres of land north of
North Shore Drive and west of NC 87 have been zoned for commercial activity.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-19 ,
LIB

However, much of this area may be 404 wetlands. At present, commercial activity
in Boiling Spring Lakes is limited to two real estate companies, three convenience
stores, a motel, an ABC store, a landscaping company, and the golf course pro shop. ,
The existing commercial activity in Boiling Spring Lakes may be insufficient to
provide essential goods and services to the city. Residents must presently commute
to neighboring communities to satisfy their needs for most goods and services.
C. Industrial Land Use
There is no industrial land use located within the City of Boiling Spring Lakes. The
Boiling Spring Lakes' zoning ordinance does include a light industrial zone.
However, no areas have been zoned for industrial usage.
d. Municipal Land Use '
Municipal land use within the City of Boiling Spring Lakes includes the City Hall, the
Fire and Rescue Buildings, and the maintenance/material storage yard. With the
exception of one fire station located on Frink Lake Drive, all of these structures are
centered along NC 87. Municipal land use accounts for approximately 16 acres of '
land within Boiling Spring Lakes. The city also owns Boiling Spring Lake, which
accounts for an additional 250 acres.
e. Institutional/Semi-Public Land Use 1 '
Since 1992, the only change in Institutional/Semi-Public land uses has been the
addition of the Boiling Spring Lakes Medical Center. This facility serves as a satellite
to Dosher Memorial Hospital in Southport and is located on NC 87 adjacent to the
VFW Post. Additional institutional land uses in Boiling Spring Lakes include the
South Brunswick Middle School, the South Brunswick High School, three churches, ,
and the VFW Post. These land uses occupy approximately 133 acres. South
Brunswick Middle School and South Brunswick High School are located on the east
side of NC 87 at the south end of the city. One church is located immediately north '
of the schools on the east side of NC 87. The second church is located on NC 87
north of the VFW building. The other church is located beside City Hall on Boiling
Spring Road. The VFW Post is located just north of North Shore Drive on the east
side of NC 87. The South Brunswick Middle School and the South Brunswick High
School's location in Boiling Spring Lakes may encourage the in -migration of younger
families with school aged children to the area. These are attractive, modern '
educational facilities.
f. Open Space and Recreation
The many lakes in Boiling Spring Lakes, from which the city derives its name, '
provide a valuable source of recreation for the city's residents. In particular, they
provide fishing, boating, and water sports activities. The major lake in the city is
called Boiling Spring Lake, which can be seen from NC 87. The city owns Boiling
2Semi-public land uses are not publicly owned but are normally open to the public at large, i.e., a church. '
Recreational and municipal land uses are discussed separately.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-20 ' '

Spring Lake. Numerous privately -owned parks are located adjacent to many of the
lakes. The construction of marinas, piers, and bulkheads has not been an issue in
Boiling Spring Lakes. There are no marinas and minimal bulkheading. In addition,
there has not been any interest indicated in establishing mooring fields on any of the
lakes. No aquaculture activities have been attempted in any of the lakes.
The Fox Squirrel Golf Course is a privately -owned 18-hole course extending
throughout the city's residential districts. The golf course is generally located south
of Boiling Spring Lake. The entire course encompasses approximately 160 acres of
land.
A city park is located just east of the City Hall on the north side of Boiling Spring
Road. The park contains tennis and basketball courts. The city also maintains a boat
ramp to Boiling Spring Lake. The lakes, golf course, and city park account for
approximately 650 acres of land.
g. Transportation and Utilities
' The road system is discussed in detail in the development constraints section.
However, the Reeves-Telecon Corporation, developers of most Boiling Spring Lakes'
subdivisions, has in excess of 50 miles of dedicated right-of-way which have not been
' opened. In addition, the corporation maintains 5.1 miles of opened rights -of -way.
These roads are poorly maintained and are continuing problems for adjacent property
owners.
'
The Sunny Point Railroad runs perpendicular to Boiling Spring Road along the eastern
section of city. Many residents have chosen to live along the Sunny Point Railroad
tracks. While the railroad has not been a nuisance, hazardous materials, including
'
explosives, are transported on the railroad to the Sunny Point Military Terminal.
Transportation and utilities within Boiling Spring Lakes occupy approximately 2,500
acres.
h. Vacant Land
'
Vacant land occupies approximately 13,000 acres and comprises the largest single land
use in Boiling Spring Lakes. Practically all of the land west of NC 87 remains
undeveloped. A large portion of land on the north side of the city and east of the
Sunny Point Railroad remains undeveloped as well. It should be noted that
approximately 8,750 acres of the city's vacant land has been subdivided for residential
land use. However, much of the land is 404 wetlands.
2. Land Use Summary
'
The following summarizes important land use issues in Boiling Spring Lakes:
' -- Traditional single-family residential homes and mobile homes are the only forms of
housing in Boiling Spring Lakes.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-21 1

77
-- The majority of rights -of -way within the city are unimproved.
-- Substantial residential development and mobile home placement has occurred along
the Sunny Point Railroad.
-- Existing commercial activity in Boiling Spring Lakes is insufficient to provide '
essential goods and services to the city. However, nearby Southport provides
adequate goods and services.
-- Although the city's zoning ordinance includes a light industrial zone, no areas have
been zoned for industrial usage.
-- Large areas of subdivided but unimproved properties appear to be located in 404
wetland areas.
-- Most of Boiling Spring Lakes has been subdivided for moderate to high density
single-family residential development.
-- There is no central sewage treatment system. All land uses rely on septic tanks for
domestic sewage disposal. (See Development Constraints section.)
3. Development Potential
Boiling Spring Lakes has the potential for continued residential development. As residential
growth occurs, commercial and other support activities will continue to develop along the
NC 87 corridor. The city has been subdivided at a relatively high density of 4 to 6 residential
lots per acre in most areas. However, should this density continue, it could result in increased
water supply, sewage treatment, and street maintenance problems.
There are approximately 12,100 lots which have been subdivided. Of that total, 6,250 or 52 %
appear to be located in areas having hydric soils. These areas have a high probability of being
classified as 404 wetlands. These properties may be subject to U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers' 404 wetlands permit requirements and may have severe limitations for septic tank
permitting and subsequent usage.
Approximately 4,500 vacant lots appear to remain which have development potential. If all
of those lots are developed, Boiling Spring Lakes could have a total population of
approximately 14,560 at build -out (this does not include the development of 6,250 vacant lots
located in areas having hydric soils).' However, build -out is not expected to occur prior to
the early 2000s.
The following summarizes the major land use related issues which will influence Boiling
Spring Lakes' development potential:
-- 52% of the city's vacant lots are located in areas having hydric soils.
'Based on an estimated average family size of 2.5. The estimate excludes development of the 6,250 vacant
lots which appear to contain hydric soils and, therefore, are not buildable.
P
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-22 1 1

-- All sewage treatment is provided by septic tanks.
-- Almost all of the city's water supply is provided by individual wells.
-- 4,500 vacant lots remain which appear to be suitable for development.
-- Large numbers of vacant lots exist which do not front on opened/improved
rights -of -way. There are no bonds or other guarantees to ensure that these
rights -of -way will be improved.
-- Of the city's 113.04 miles of city -maintained streets, only 18.94 % are paved.
-- Many lots have been purchased which will not pass perc tests for septic tank
installation.
-- The subdivision process did not require the reservation of rights -of -way for major
thoroughfare construction.
-- Increasing construction will increase the city's storm drainage problems.
In summary, slow sustained growth is expected to continue in Boiling Spring Lakes. This
growth will place added pressure on the city's administration for adequate water and sewer
service, street construction, and street maintenance.
4. Basinwide Water Ouality Management
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) has initiated a basinwide approach
to state water quality management. The overall goal of basinwide management is to develop
consistent and effective long range water quality management strategies that protect the quality
and intended uses of North Carolina's surface waters while accommodating population
increases and economic growth.
Basinwide management is not a new regulatory program. Rather, it is a watershed -based
management approach which features basinwide permitting of discharges, integration of
existing point and nonpoint source regulatory programs, and preparation of basinwide water
quality management plans for each of the state's 17 river basins by 1998. Plans will be
updated at five-year intervals.
The purpose of the basinwide management plan is to communicate to policy makers, the
regulated community, and the general public, the state's rationale, approaches, and long-term
strategies for each basin. In general, this process involves the following five major phases of
development:
Collecting pertinent water quality and related information,
-- Analyzing the information and targeting problem areas,
Section I: Analysis of Existing .Conditions I-23 1

-- Development management strategies,
-- Circulating a draft plan for public review and comment, and
-- Finalizing the plan.
Eight of North Carolina's major river basins cross the coastal area: Lumber, Cape Fear,
White Oak, Neuse, Tar -Pamlico, Roanoke, Chowan, and Pasquotank. The Division of Water
Quality has further subdivided these basins into smaller "sub -basins" which are currently used
as the foundation for their basinwide water quality plans. Even smaller watersheds were
recently delineated for the entire state by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
These watersheds are referred to as "14-digit hydrologic units" (because of the unique 14-digit
code assigned to each watershed) or simply "small watersheds." These small watersheds
generally range in size from 5,000 to 50,000 acres.
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is located in the Cape Fear River basin. The Cape Fear
basinwide management plan was completed in 1995.
The long-range basinwide management goal is to provide a means of addressing the complex
problem of planning for reasonable economic growth while protecting and/or restoring the
quality and intended uses of the Cape Fear Basin's surface waters.
In striving towards the long-range goal stated above, the Division of Water Quality's highest
priority near -term goals will be the following:
-- Identify and restore the most seriously impaired waters in the basin;
-- Protect those waters known to be of the highest quality or supporting biological
communities of special importance;
-- Manage problem pollutants, particularly nutrients, biological oxygen demand and
sediment and fecal coliform, in order to correct existing water quality problems and
to ensure protection of those waters currently supporting their uses.
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality has identified 16 sub -basins including 24
watersheds within the Cape Fear Basin. Each sub -basin and watershed has been assigned a
numerical code for the purpose of identification. The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is located
within the following watersheds/sub-basins: 03030005060010(Town Creek)/03-06-17
03030005070010(Cape Fear River)/03-06-17; and 03040207020010(Lockwood Folly River)/
03-07-59. The portions of the Lockwood Folly River and Town Creek watersheds located in
Boiling Spring Lakes are predominantly vacant. The Cape Fear watershed includes almost all
of Boiling Spring Lakes' developed land.
5. Existing Ordinances and Land Use Controls
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has an active Planning Board which works with the City
Council to oversee the city's land use management program. The city has an extraterritorial
jurisdiction area which was established on October 3, 1977. However, no land use related
controls of any kind are enforced in the extraterritorial jurisdiction area. A zoning ordinance
is enforced within the city limits. A subdivision ordinance was adopted in 1978, but has not
been substantially updated since its adoption. Finally, the city does not have a comprehensive
master drainage plan or storm water control ordinance.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-24 '

The following provides a summary of the city's land use related codes, ordinances and plans:
a. Zoning Ordinance
The purpose of the Boiling Spring Lakes' zoning ordinance is defined as follows:
"...to provide for orderly growth in accordance with a comprehensive plan; to
'
promote the health, safety, morals and general welfare of the residents of the city by
lessening congestion in the streets, securing safety from fire, panic and other dangers;
provide adequate light and air; prevent the overcrowding of land; avoid undue
congestion of population; facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water,
sewerage, parks, schools and other public requirements."
'
The ordinance divides the city into the following zoning districts:
'
Residential R-1
Residential R-lA
Residential R-2
'
Residential R-3
Residential R-3A
'
Residential R-4
Residential R-5
Residential R-6
Commercial C-1
Commercial C-2
Light Industry 1-1
Parks & Recreation P-R
'
Undeveloped U
' The minimum lot sizes for all residential zones, except R-6, is set at 10,500 square
feet. In the R-6 zone, the minimum lot size is 5 acres. The majority of the Boiling
Spring Lakes residential areas are zoned R-1 or R-2.
The zoning ordinance is administered by the City Council with the advisory counsel
of the Planning Board.
' b. Subdivision Ordinance
The city's subdivision ordinance was adopted in 1978. The purpose of the ordinance
' is defined as follows: "...to support and guide the proper subdivision of land within
the jurisdiction of the city in order to promote the public health, safety and general
welfare of the citizens of the city." This ordinance is designed to promote the orderly
' development of the city; for the coordination of streets and highways within proposed
subdivisions with existing or planned streets and highways and with other public
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-25 1

facilities; for the dedication or reservation of rights -of -way or easements for street and
utility purposes; and for the distribution of population and traffic, which shall avoid
congestion and overcrowding and which will create conditions essential to public
health, safety and the general welfare. This ordinance is designed to further facilitate
adequate provision for water, sewerage, parks, schools and playgrounds, and also to
facilitate the further resubdivision of larger tracts into smaller parcels of land.
The subdivision ordinance is administered by the City Council with advisory counsel
of the Planning Board.
C. Flood Prevention and Protection Ordinance
In 1989, the city adopted a flood prevention and protection ordinance. The following
defines the purposes and objectives of the ordinance:
PURPOSES
(1) Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety and property
due to water or erosion hazards, which result in damaging increases in erosion
or in flood heights or velocities;
(2) Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such
uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction;
(3) Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels and natural
protective barriers which are involved in the accommodation of floodwaters;
(4) Control filling, grading, dredging and other development which may increase
erosion or flood damage;
(5) Prevent or regulate the construction of flood carriers which will unnaturally
divert floodwaters or which may increase flood hazards to other lands.
OBJECTIVES
(1) Protect human life and health;
(2) Minimize the expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects;
(3) Minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and
generally undertaken at the expense of the general public;
(4) Minimize prolonged business interruptions;
(5) Minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains,
electric, telephone and sewer lines, and streets and bridges located in
floodplains;
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions 1-26 '
I
1

d
(6) Help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the sound use and
development of flood prone areas in such a manner as to minimize future
flood blight areas; and
(7) Insure that potential home buyers are notified that property is in a flood area.
The ordinance adopts as areas of special flood hazard the flood hazard areas identified
by the Federal Insurance Administration in its Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)
#370453, dated December 15, 1990, and any subsequent revisions thereto. The city's
building inspector is designated as the local administrator of the ordinance.
d. Building Code Regulations
The city's buildings and building regulations provide for the following:
(1) The location, design, materials, equipment, construction, reconstruction,
alteration, repair, maintenance, moving, demolition, removal, use and
occupancy of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or
attached to such building or structure;
(2) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of plumbing
systems consisting of house sewers, building drains, waste and vent systems,
hot and cold water supply systems, and all fixtures and appurtenances thereof,
(3) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of
mechanical systems consisting of heating, ventilating, air conditioning and
refrigeration systems, fuel -burning equipment and appurtenances thereof, and
(4) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of electrical
systems and appurtenances thereof.
The ordinance adopts in their entirety the North Carolina State Building Code, North
Carolina Plumbing Code, North Carolina Heating Code, North Carolina Electrical
Code, and the North Carolina Uniform Residential Building Code.
The city building inspector is designated to enforce all of the city's building
regulations.
e. Feasibility Studies for Water Distribution System, 1981, 1989, and 1996
' In January, 1981, the City of Boiling Spring Lakes prepared the first of three
municipal water system economic feasibility studies. The initial report evaluated the
economic feasibility of developing a city-wide water system. However, a city-wide
system was determined to be economically unfeasible. An addendum to the initial
report was prepared in July, 1981, to assess the feasibility of a water system for
portions of the city with water supplied by the Brunswick County Water System. The
option of servicing only a portion of the city was found to be potentially feasible if a
State of North Carolina Clean Water Bond grant and a Farmers' Home Administration
grant and/or loan were available.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-27

In June, 1989, the city undertook a second comprehensive analysis of the economic
feasibility of constructing a city-wide water distribution system. Again, the
construction of a city-wide system was found economically unfeasible.
In October, 1996, the city undertook a third comprehensive analysis of the economic
feasibility of constructing a city-wide water distribution system. This analysis found
the construction of a city-wide system feasible. The possibilities of constructing such
a system are discussed further in Section II of this Land Use Plan Update.
f. Sinkholes: Plan of Action (1983)
This study was prepared to investigate and recommend short and long-term courses
of action to address the problem of limestone sinkholes. The study focused on the
problems which the sinkholes were causing for railroad and dam maintenance. The
study included alternative actions to alleviate the problem.
Subsequent to the report in 1985-1986, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed
a land bridge across a portion of Boiling Spring Lakes above the dam and railroad.
It appears that this action has stopped the development of sinkholes in the area of the
land bridge.
g. 1992 City of Boiling Spring Lakes Land Use Plan
The existing Boiling Spring Lakes land use plan was certified by the Coastal
Resources Commission on January 29, 1993. The plan fully complied with the
planning requirements as set forth in 15A NCAC 7B. There are no areas of
environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7B located in Boiling Spring Lakes.
Therefore, the plan did not address standards for areas of environmental concern as
set forth in 15A NCAC 7B.
The 1992 policy statements have been included in this Land Use Plan Update as
Appendix I.
h. Registration of Go -Carts, Mopeds, Dirt Bikes, Etc.
This ordinance requires that all go-carts, mopeds, dirt bikes, and other vehicles with
two (2) or more wheels operated by an engine greater than five (5) horsepower,
without pedals, and with the capacity to travel at a speed in excess of nineteen (19)
miles per hour be registered and licensed with the Department of Motor Vehicles
before they can be operated on any public street or public lands within the city.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-28 1
E
I

H
1 6. Effectiveness of the 1992 Land Use Plan and Policies
Generally, the 1992 land use plan and most of its policies have been implemented by the city.
However, several policies relating to the revision of the city's zoning and subdivision
ordinances were not. Specifically, the city failed to implement the following policies:
' -- Revision of the city's zoning ordinance to require low density development, one acre
minimum lot size, in all areas having hydric soils.
-- Revision of the city's zoning ordinance to increase the minimum lot sizes in some of
its zoning districts. This was not accomplished because much of Boiling Spring Lakes
' has already been subdivided into small lots.
-- Revision of the city's subdivision ordinance to require the designation of 404 wetland
' areas on all subdivision plats.
-- Revision of the city's zoning ordinance to establish the 100-year floodplain areas as
conservation/open space areas.
D. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
1. Water Supply
' The majority of Boiling Spring Lakes obtains its water from individual wells. However,
Willets Road (section 6), Windover Road, and a portion of Northside Drive receive water
from the Brunswick County water system. (A county -owned water main extends along NC
87.) In 1989 and 1996, studies were conducted addressing the feasibility of constructing a
city-wide water system. Although the 1989 study concluded that a city-wide water system
would not be feasible, the 1996 study had a different conclusion. This study found that
' construction of such a system might be potentially economically feasible. A discussion of the
city's recent efforts to establish a city-wide water system is provided in Section II of this plan.
' 2. Sewage Disposal
Boiling Spring Lakes does not own or operate a central sewage system. All sewage disposal
is accommodated through the use of individual septic tanks. In areas having hydric or
excessively wet soils within the city, many septic tanks have malfunctioned. This problem has
been discussed further in the Development Constraints: Land Suitability section of this plan.
' 3. Draina e
In April, 1993, the city, with the assistance of a consultant, prepared a city-wide drainage
' study. This study identified seven sites which were experiencing drainage problems. These
sites have been provided on Map 3 and the following provides a description of each site as
included in the 1993 study.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-29 '

Approximate Scale in Miles
I I I I
0 1 2 4
N�
MAP 3
Boiling Spring Lakes
Community Facilities and
Flood Prone Areas
A J U N E, 1997
LEGEND
Water Areas
a--�-� Railroad Line
•— • City Limits
0 Floodprone areas (1-7)
See page for description
® Public Facilities (1-9)
See below for description
1. City Hall
2. Fire Department 1
3. Rescue Squad
4. Post Office
5. City Park
6. Boat Ramp
7. South Brunswick Middle School
8. South Brunswick High School
9. Fire Department 2
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds
provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act
of 1972, as amended, which is administered by
the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
1-30

Site 1 on South Shore Drive just east of Windemere Drive. This is a low area that frequently
floods or ponds due to inadequate channel capacity and lack of sufficient pipes or culverts to
convey stormwater under the road crossing. Construction of a more defined channel, as well
' as better maintenance of the existing ditch, may alleviate this problem.
Site 2 is located on Boiling Spring Road between Cherry and Elm Streets. The flooding
' problems currently experienced appear to result from the minimum slope and very limited
capacity (cross sectional area) of the drainage way. The lack of a well defined channel section
most likely results from inadequate easement of right-of-way for maintenance of the ditch.
Sufficient easements need to be acquired to allow the city to construct and maintain an adequate
channel section.
Site 3 is in the general vicinity of Harper Lake and Harper Lake Drive. This area is typical of
1 many of the localized drainage problem areas in the city. The problem again appears to be a
function of inadequate easement or right-of-way to build and maintain sufficient drainage
channels. In addition, this area does not have a positive outlet for stormwater. The drainage
patterns channel all water into Harper Lake where it must either infiltrate into the ground (a
function of the soil type and drainage characteristics) or evaporate. If runoff into the area is
in excess of the assimilative capacity of the soil, adjacent properties become inundated. One
possible solution for this problem area is to construct a holding pond (a retention basin) or an
infiltration pond to help improve the capacity of the area to absorb the excess stormwater
runoff. However, ponds or infiltration systems such as these require design and approval by
the Division of Water Quality under the Coastal Stormwater Management Regulations.
Site 4, near the intersection of Boiling Spring Road and Elm Road, is another reported example
of ponding/flooding caused by inadequate channel and drainage system capacity, and
insufficient channel slope to move the water towards its outlet. Boiling Spring Road creates
'
a "dam" that prevents the water from moving into Boiling Spring Lake. Part of this particular
problem could be alleviated by lowering the normal water level of the lake, producing a more
positive gradient for stream channels and ditches towards the lake, thereby improving their
carrying capacity. The decision to lower the lake level is a political decision that is beyond the
'
scope of this report to resolve.
Site 5 is located on Palmer Drive in the vicinity of Graham Drive and Sanders Drive. This area
also experiences the nuisance type flooding associated with poor drainage channels, no apparent
outlet for the stormwater runoff, and insufficient available land to adequately address the long
term operation and maintenance of the necessary drainage facilities.
1
Site 6, located south of Fifty Lakes Drive and east of NC 87, includes the following streets:
Goldsboro, Kannapolis, Rockingham, Charleston, Carolina, Pee Dee, and Catawba. This area
is typical of much of the land within the city limits of Boiling Spring Lakes: unpaved roads,
low, flat terrain with minimum available slope for adequate conveyance of stormwater from the
area, and relatively poor soils for infiltration of excess stormwater. Again, there is no readily
apparent outlet for stormwater to exit from the area. The soils most likely preclude the use of
infiltration systems as the primary means of solving the stormwater disposal problem. Creation
of a detention/retention type pond in some of the undeveloped areas, especially areas of
wetlands which would be eliminated from future development, may be a viable option in this,
and similar, areas.
Site 7 is in an area where there has been some attempt to rectify some of the drainage problems
in a localized area. This site runs along the southeastern city limit line from approximately
Mirror Lake, parallel to Fifty Lakes Drive, to the NC 133 - Fifty Lakes Drive intersection.
'
This area has had some recent attempts to "daylight" a ditch from the Mirror Lake area
southward towards NC 133. The ditch runs through a natural "ridge," in effect running uphill
Section I: Analysis Existing Conditions I-31
of

for a short distance in an attempt to provide some relief to the flooding problems surrounding
the developments near the lake. The attempts to resolve this one situation are typical of what
would be needed in most areas of the city -- construction and maintenance of new channels,
ditches, or swales. The problems that must be confronted are also typical: lack of adequate
(if any) rights -of -way and/or easements, inadequate funding, and the lack of a comprehensive
plan that would prevent the "fix" of one drainage problem area from becoming a problem to
another area as the stormwater is conveyed from one sub -basin to another.
Since the 1993 study, four out of the seven sites discussed have been addressed through
ditching projects and, in one case, piping. Flooding problems located at sites 2, 3, and 5 are
believed to be completely alleviated and site 7 has been greatly improved. Flooding problems
remain at sites 1, 4, and 6, and should be addressed during the planning period. A
comprehensive master plan and a schedule for routine and remedial maintenance may eliminate
the "crisis management" approach the city often finds necessary with respect to drainage.
In addition to these individual areas, culverts are needed under many roads to facilitate better
drainage and lot sizes in areas with hydric soils need to be increased.
4. Solid Waste Disposal
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes contracts with Waste Industries of Wilmington for private
refuse collection. Waste Industries provides pickup once per week for both residents and
businesses. In July, 1997, Waste Industries served five commercial customers and
approximately 1,300 residential customers. All solid waste was disposed of at the Brunswick
County landfill off Highway 17 near Supply, North Carolina, until December 31, 1997, when
that facility was closed. In January, 1998, the landfill was converted to a transfer station.
Waste is transported to Sampson County for disposal in the Sampson County Landfill.
Solid waste disposal data is not available for Boiling Spring Lakes. However, Table 17
provides solid waste disposal per capita data for Brunswick County. From FY1992-1993 to
FY1994-1995, the overall tons disposed of increased but the waste per capita decreased.
Table 17
Brunswick County
Solid Waste Tonnage and Per Capita Disposal Rate
FY92-93 to FY94-95
MSW Tons MSW Tons MSW Tons % Waste Reduction
County Disposed FY92-93 Disposed FY93-94 Disposed FY94-95 FY94-95
Brunswick 80,805.94 76,830.54 80,980.60
(per capita) 1.48 1.35 1.38 6.61 %
Source: North Carolina 1995-96 Solid Waste Annual Report.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-32 1
1
1
u

1 5. Police
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has a full-time police department. The department consists
In of five full-time and four auxiliary officers. The city anticipates keeping these two positions
when the grant expires. The city operates four patrol cars. The Boiling Spring Lakes police
1
1
F
department continuously participates in training programs and seminars. All members of the
police department are state certified. At the present time, the police department is adequate
to serve the city's police protection needs.
6. Fire
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is provided fire protection by a 36-member volunteer fire
department. In some locations, the fire protection service area extends up to one -mile beyond
the corporate limit line. This is the largest fire district in Brunswick County. The main fire
station (#1) is located on NC 87 adjacent to the City Hall and a substation (fire station #2) is
located on Frink Lake Drive. The city and county provide partial funding for the fire
department's annual operating expenses. The balance of the annual funding is obtained
through contributions and local fund raising efforts. The department has acquired its
equipment from Brunswick County and through annual fund drives. The following list
provides information on the equipment and capacity of the fire department.
Equipment
Capacity
Pumper #1
750 gallons
Pumper #2
500 gallons
Pumper Tanker #1
2,500 gallons
Pumper Tanker #2
1,000 gallons
Brush Truck #1
300 gallons
Brush Truck #2
250 gallons
The fire department has an Insurance Services Organization (ISO) rating of 9S. This rating
was issued by the Insurance Services Office of North Carolina, effective in 1995. The
volunteer fire department participates in mutual aid fire protection agreements with Brunswick
County, the Military Ocean Terminal, Sunny Point, Southport, Bolivia, Winnabow, Leland,
Long Beach, and Carolina Power & Light. The fire department is adequate to serve the city's
existing needs.
7. Administration
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has a mayor/council form of government. The city
currently has fifteen full-time and six part-time employees and appears to be staffed adequately
to serve the city's needs. The following list provides a summary of governmental
organizations and employees.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-33 1

# of Individuals
Full -Time
City Hall Administration
3
Police Officers
5
Streets Department
5
Part -Time
Building Inspector
1
Police Officers
4
Animal Control Officer
1
Boards and Commissioners
Planning Board
5
Board of Adjustment
7*
Community Appearance
10
Lakes Committee
6
*Includes two alternates.
Transportation
NC 87 is the busiest road in Boiling Spring Lakes. It provides access to Oak Island and its
various beach communities, Southport, and the Brunswick County Airport from Highway 17.
Additional thoroughfares in Boiling Spring Lakes include Boiling Spring Road, Fifty Lakes
Drive, and NC 133. The North Carolina Department of Transportation does not have any
traffic count data within the city.
One of the main reasons for incorporation of Boiling Spring Lakes in 1961 was to meet
eligibility requirements for Powell Bill funding. Powell Bill funds are utilized for street
maintenance. The city receives Powell Bill funding based on 113.04 miles of city -maintained
roads. There are 46.76 miles of paved roads. Thus, 66.28 miles, or 58.6%, are unimproved
but maintained to state standards.
In addition to the city -maintained streets, the Reeves -Telecom Corporation maintains 5.1 miles
of roads. However, those roads are not currently maintained to state standards. The
Reeves -Telecom Corporation also controls approximately 50 miles of ditches which parallel
city -maintained roads. The private ownership of those ditches frequently complicates efforts
by the city to properly maintain the adjacent roads.
It should be noted that several lots have been purchased from the Reeves -Telecom Corporation
that have unopened rights -of -way. Therefore, these property owners have no means of
accessing their property. Although the city does not have any authority over the unopened
streets, it continues to receive inquiries from property owners requesting assistance. At the
time of subdivision, local ordinances did not require guarantees to ensure that the streets
would be improved.
The maintenance of streets and the opening of rights -of -way will continue to be major
concerns and problems in the City of Boiling Spring Lakes. As in the 1992 Land Use Plan
Update, specific policies should be included in this plan to address the problems. Map 3,
Community Facilities/Flood Prone Areas illustrates the location of roads within Boiling Spring
Lakes.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-34 1
1
1

1 9. Emergency Rescue
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has a volunteer emergency rescue squad consisting of 10
volunteer members. The squad station is located just north of Boiling Spring Road on NC 87
and is fully -equipped. Equipment includes two fully -equipped ambulances and one water
rescue vehicle. The rescue squad raises some of its own funds, and receives annual
contributions from the city and the county. A mutual aid agreement was executed in January,
1992, between Brunswick County and the Boiling Spring Lakes Rescue Squad. City officials
feel that the rescue squad is adequate to serve the city's needs. In addition, in 1997/1998, the
county established three EMS satellite stations.
10. Electrical Distribution
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is provided electrical service by Carolina Power & Light.
Electrical distribution is adequate to serve the city's needs. There have been no efforts to
locate energy generating facilities in Boiling Spring Lakes.
11. Telephone Service
Telephone service is provided by the Atlantic Telephone Membership Corporation. There are
approximately 1,300 customers in Boiling Spring Lakes. There are no service deficiencies.
12. Cable Television
Cable television service is provided by Time Warner Cable. There are currently
approximately 650 customers in Boiling Spring Lakes.
' 13. Schools
Students in grades K-5 in Boiling Spring Lakes attend either Supply Elementary School,
Bolivia Elementary School, or Southport Elementary School. Grades 6-8 attend South
Brunswick Middle School, which is located within Boiling Spring Lakes' city limits. Grades
9-12 attend South Brunswick High School, located adjacent to the middle school. Detailed
information on the distribution of Boiling Spring Lakes' children for each school was not
available during the preparation of this plan. However, it is estimated that there are
approximately 450 school aged children residing within the City of Boiling Spring Lakes. All
of the system's schools are relatively new. The following table provides detailed information
on the schools serving Boiling Spring Lakes.
Table 18
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
School System Status
1997
% Over/Under
School
Enrollment Capacity
Capacity
'
Bolivia Elementary
656 432
34.1 % over
Southport Elementary
809 744
8.0% over
1 Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-35 1

Table 18
(continued)
1997
% Over/Under
School Enrollment
Capacity Capacity
Supply Elementary
765
816 6.7 % under
South Brunswick Middle
748
462 38.2% over
'
South Brunswick High
760
900 18.4% under
Total
3,738
3,354 10.3% over
Source: Brunswick County Schools.
In addition to the above schools, the Brunswick County Community College operates facilities,
in Southport, Supply, and Leland.
The community college is a two-year institution offering
the following programs:
Administrative Office Technology
Electronics Engineering Technology
Air Conditioning, Heating, and
Health Information Technology
Refrigeration
Medical Assisting
Associate of Arts
Nursing Assistant
Associate of Science
Practical Nursing
Basic Law Enforcement
Phlebotomy
Business Administration
Real Estate
Business Computer Programming
Recreational Grounds
Cosmetology
Management Technology
Dental Assisting
Welding
14. Recreation
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has limited recreational facilities. There is a small city park
beside the City Hall which contains one tennis court and a small basketball court. The city
also maintains a boat ramp and pavilion at Boiling Spring Lake. The ramp is located off Alton
Lennon Drive near the big dam. The lakes located throughout the city provide boating and
fishing activities. The city provides picnic tables at some of the lakes and two pavilions, also
maintained by the city, at Spring Lake. A major recreational facility is the Fox Squirrel Golf
Course, a privately owned 18-hole golf course. The course is located in central Boiling
Spring Lakes.
15. Health Services
Since 1992 when the land use plan was last updated, a new family medical practice opened
adjacent to the VFW Club on NC 87. This facility, called the Boiling Spring Lakes Medical
Center, is the only practice located within the city and serves as a satellite to Dosher Memorial
Hospital in Southport. '
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-36 1 1

r_
I
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is provided comprehensive medical care by the J. Arthur
Dosher Memorial Hospital in Southport and the Columbia/Brunswick Hospital located in
Supply. Dosher Memorial Hospital, founded in 1930, will undergo its 70th Anniversary in
the year 2000. The facility is owned by the taxpayers of Smithville Township and is managed
by an elected Board of Trustees. The hospital has 40 beds, a staff of approximately 150, and
serves over 20,000 inpatients and outpatients annually. Two fully -staffed operating rooms
provide general surgery as well as orthopedic, ophthalmology, gynecological, and urological
surgery. Other services include state of the art radiology, physical therapy, cardiopulmonary,
pharmacy, speech therapy, and laboratory services. The hospital maintains a fully -staffed
emergency room around the clock and provides home services through its home care
department.
The Columbia/Brunswick Hospital is a fully accredited, acute care facility that has been
serving area residents since 1977. Columbia Brunswick Hospital provides a wide range of
comprehensive medical and surgical services and community education programs. The
following provides a summary of programs and services:
Chest pain emergency center
Intensive and critical care services
Cardiopulmonary services
Pain management
Extensive adult and pediatric
ophthalmological services
Women's services: LDRP birthing suites,
gynecology, GYN laser surgery
Sports Medicine
MRI and CT imaging services
Lithotripsy
General and surgical specialities: ENT,
urology, orthopedics, oral surgery
Physical therapy
Patient advocate program
Behavioral health services
Comprehensive outpatient diagnostics and
therapies
Neurology
Pulmonology
For major medical care, residents travel to New Hanover Memorial Hospital or the Columbia
Cape Fear Memorial Hospital in Wilmington, approximately 35 miles away. Private
physicians and medical specialists are located in Southport, Supply, Wilmington, and
Shallotte.
The location of community facilities, including City Hall, Fire Departments, Rescue Squad,
Post Office, City Park, Boat Ramp, and Schools, have been provided on Map 3.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-37 1

�I
E. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY I
1. Topography/Geoloey I
Previous Boiling Spring Lakes land use plans included an excellent summary of the geology
and groundwater resources in the Boiling Spring Lakes area. The summary was prepared by
the regional hydrologist in the Wilmington office of the Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development, memorandum from Richard Shiver, April 13, 1981. The following
provides portions of that appraisal:
"Underneath Boiling Spring Lakes, usable groundwater occurs within the surficial
aquifer and the limestone aquifer. Commonly known as the water table aquifer, the
surficial aquifer exists from a few feet below land surface to a depth of 20' .
Permeable sands form the geologic framework of this aquifer. Wells exposed to this
aquifer are generally not capable of yielding more than a few gallons per minute of
water. Fair in quality, iron is a common constituent that causes nuisance problems.
Since the cost of constructing a well in the underlying limestone aquifer is low, the
surficial aquifer is rarely used as a source of water supply.
The limestone aquifer occurs from a depth of 20'-40' to a maximum depth of 150'
below land surface. Aquifers past 150' contain brackish water, and therefore are not
usable as a source of water supply. The aquifer framework is composed of shells,
shell limestone, and sandstone. Considerable quantities of water are stored in the
pores and cracks of these rocks. Wells exposed to the limestone aquifer are capable
of yielding up to 200 gallons per minute of water. The quality of water from this
aquifer is good to fair; again, iron may occur in concentrations that cause nuisance
problems. However, in spite of this iron problem, the aquifer is considered an
excellent source of water supply.
Significantly, the surficial aquifer and the limestone aquifer are connected with one
another. The clay layer that usually separates aquifers, called an aquitard, is not
everywhere present, and where present is 'leaky'; rain infiltrating into the surficial
aquifer is thereafter transmitted into the limestone aquifer. Moreover, other
geological factors interact to promote efficient aquifer recharge; as a consequence,
Boiling Spring Lakes is located over a primary aquifer recharge area.
Since it is a primary recharge area, development of Boiling Spring Lakes must
proceed carefully. Wastes disposed on or into the land have the potential to severely,
and irrevocably, contaminate groundwater in this primary limestone aquifer. Water
pumped from this aquifer in excess of recharge -- in this instance, an impressive 1-2
million gallons per day per square mile -- will accelerate the collapse of theretofore
inactive sinkholes. In conclusion, if the groundwater resources are improperly
managed, it will serve only as a short-term source of water supply for the city; if I
properly managed, the groundwater resources will be available for use in the many
decades to come."
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-38 '

While the limestone serves to provide an excellent water supply, it presents other potentially
serious problems. Scattered underneath parts of the city are limestone sinkholes. These
sinkholes are the result of karst topography. That is, groundwater causes the limestone to
disintegrate, leaving subsurface caverns or voids. Occasionally the material over these voids
collapses, causing holes or sinkholes to appear.
The city's sinkhole problem is thoroughly defined in the 1983 CAMA-funded study:
Sinkholes: Plan of Action. Boiling Spring Lakes, North Carolina. The sinkholes do not
' present a threat of immediate danger to city residents. However, the sinkholes do present
structural foundation problems for development in general, road construction, railroad
maintenance, dam maintenance, and continued residential growth. The major problems have
occurred in railroad and dam maintenance.
In 1985-86, the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed a land bridge across a portion of
Boiling Spring Lakes above the dam and railroad. It appears that this action has stopped the
development of sinkholes in the vicinity of the dam.
1
The city also includes a number of "Carolina Bays." These bays are depressions of varying
size. Based on aerial photography, there appear to be at least five located totally or partially
within Boiling Spring Lakes. In some areas of southeastern North Carolina, the bays have
filled with water to form lakes. However, the "bays" in Boiling Spring Lakes are primarily
free of standing water. The pocosins in Boiling Spring Lakes have been identified as
supporting remnant species of the Venus Flytrap. North Carolina considers the Venus Flytrap
to be an endangered plant species.
The topography in Boiling Spring Lakes is relatively flat. Elevations range from 40 to 65 feet
above mean sea level. Most of the lower elevations, 40 feet, are located within the "Carolina
Bays" areas.
2. Flood Hazard Areas
Based on the December 15, 1990, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, there are only a few areas of
Boiling Spring Lakes which are subject to 100-year flooding. These areas are limited to the
immediate shoreline of Boiling Spring Lakes, the floodplain of Allen Creek, and the shorelines
of the numerous small lakes scattered throughout Boiling Spring Lakes.
Within the city's extraterritorial jurisdiction, there are 100-year flood prone areas located
along Orton, Allen, and McKinzie Creeks. However, there is no development located within
those areas. The 100-year flood hazard areas are indicated on Map 4.
3. Soils
A detailed soils survey was completed for Brunswick County in November, 1986. That
report, Soil Survey of Brunswick County, North Carolina, identifies 13 soils series which are
located in Boiling Spring Lakes. The soils series are located on Map 5, and their
characteristics are summarized in Table 19.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-39 1

b .,fit r�•. .. ,I��,► � •. �,� �•' �,. �i �.. . ♦ \
- , 1. �• . �+%�„•, sib? � •,� . "
I� 1
wig
LEGEND
V IBM
Hall Water Areas
Railroad Line
City Limits
-
-�KrB Kureb Fine Sand
• Leon Fine Sand
Ma Mandarin Fine Sand
BaBBaymeade Fine Sand
y1� � art - � I� �`� •�` � �' - �► � 1 + � ::
FrI Foreston•
GOAGoldsboro Fine Sandy Loam
*Mk Muckalee Loam
*CT Croatan Muck
*To Torhunta Mucky Fine Sandy
Loam
*DO Dorovan Muck
ydric Soils
IMP
I�D The preparation of this map was financed in pag
d by the North Carolina
Program,
provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act
of 1972, as �n
��1• - �. � s , ��•���•� • • i• � � • . it ��� the • • amended, • and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
ME JIMI -"',t7* Administration.

Approximate Scale in Miles
I I I
0 1.5 3 6
At OP
MAP 4
Boiling Spring Lakes
Flood Hazard Map
JUNE, 1997
LEGEND
F �—r. Railroad Line
•— • City Limits
I,
City Hall
N
-Special Flood Hazard
Areas Inundated by
100-Year Flood
'he preparation of this map was financed in part
hrough a grant provided by the North Carolina
:oastal Management Program, through funds
irovided by the Coastal Zone Management Act
if 1972, as amended, which is administered by
he Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
7anagement, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Aministration.
I-40

a
1
Table 19
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Soil Series Characteristics
Depth to
Seasonal
Flooding
Map
High Water
Frequency
Streets
Septic
Symbol
Soil Series
Slope
Table (ft.)
(surface)
Dwellings
& Roads
Tanks
BaB
Baymeade fine
1-6%
4-5
None
Moderate:
Slight
Moderate:
sand
wetness
wetness
BDC
Baymeade
1-6%
4-5
None
Moderate:
Moderate:
Severe:
marvyn
wetness
wetness
poor filter
CT
Croatan muck
0-2%
0-1
Rare
Severe: low
Severe:
Severe:
strength,
wetness, low
wetness,
floods,
strength
peres
wetness
slowly
DO
Dorovan muck
<2%
1-1 'h
Freq.
Severe: low
Severe: low
Severe:
strength,
strength,
poor filter,
floods,
floods,
flooding,
ponding
ponding
ponding
Fo
Foreston loamy
0-2 %
2 '/z-3 'h
None
Slight
Slight
Severe:
fine sand
wetness,
poor filter
KrB
Kureb fine sand
1-6%
> 6
None
Slight
Slight
Severe:
poor filter
Lo
Leon fine sand
--
0-1
None
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
wetness
wetness
wetness,
poor filter
Ly
Lynchburg fine
<2%
'h-1 'h
None
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
sandy loam
wetness
wetness
wetness
Ma
Mandarin fine
0-2%
1 1h-3 'h
None
Moderate:
Moderate:
Severe:
sand
wetness
wetness
wetness
Mk
Muckalee loam
0-2%
'h-1 'h
Freq.
Severe:
Severe:
Severe:
floods,
wetness,
wetness
Mu Murville fine <2%
sand
wetness
0-1 None, rare Severe:
wetness
To Torhunta fine
0-2% 'h-1 'h
sandy loam
GoA Goldsboro fine
Nearly 2-3
sandy loam
level,
gently
sloping
Source: Soil Survey of Brunswick County, North Carolina.
floods
Severe:
wetness
Freq. Severe:
Severe:
wetness,
wetness,
floods
floods
None Moderate:
Moderate:
wetness
wetness
Severe:
wetness,
poor filter
Severe:
wetness,
floods
Moderate:
wetness
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-42 1

Eleven of the 13 soil series have severe limitations for septic tank usage. The Goldsboro and
Baymeade Fine Sand have moderate limitations for septic tank usage but can accommodate
conventional septic tank systems. However, the Baymeade series soils occupy only small
areas, approximately one percent or less of the city's total area. Most of the construction of
structures in Boiling Spring Lakes has occurred on the Mandarin and Kureb soil series.
It is significant that six of the soil series in Boiling Spring Lakes are hydric soils. Those six
include: Croatan, Dorovan, Leon, Muckalee, Murville, and Torhunta. A hydric soil is a soil
which is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop
anaerobic conditions in the upper part. (Anaerobic: a situation in which molecular oxygen
is absent from the environment.) These soils may meet the definition of 404 wetland areas if
found in combination with certain 404 vegetation and require permitting by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers' Wilmington office prior to any disturbance. Approximately two-thirds
of Boiling Spring Lakes' area contains hydric soils.
4. Manmade Hazards/Restrictions
The most significant manmade hazard located in Boiling Spring Lakes is the Sunny Point
Railroad. The railroad extends in a slightly northeast -southwest direction along the eastern
edge of the city immediately east of the Boiling Spring Lake dam. Much of the railroad
extends by undeveloped subdivided lots. The greatest concentration of development adjacent
to the railroad occurs in the Mirror Lakes and Swan Lakes sections east of the railroad and
the Spring Lake extension subdivision located west of the railroad and north of Boiling Spring
Lake. In addition, some development has occurred east of the railroad along Boiling Spring
Road. The railroad may be considered a hazard because it frequently serves as a route for the
shipment of munitions to the Sunny Point Army Terminal, chlorine tankers to CP&L, the
removal of spent nuclear cells from CP&L, and the transport of ADM citric acid. In addition,
the railroad serves as a route for the shipment of coal to the Cogentrix cogeneration facility
located immediately north of Southport. When the Cogentrix plant opened, the management
indicated to the city that they would endeavor to limit the traffic to one train per day.
Through 1997, the train traffic generated by Cogentrix had not caused a problem for the city.
Significant amounts of munitions are stored at the Sunny Point Army Terminal.
While located approximately six miles southeast of Boiling Spring Lakes, the CP&L
Brunswick nuclear power plant presents a major manmade hazard. Obviously, an accident at
the plant could have major impact on the city. Evacuation plans are in effect and monitored
by the Brunswick County Emergency Management Coordinator and approved by FEMA.
There are no significant above ground or submerged fuel storage tanks located in Boiling
Spring Lakes. However, any underground fuel or chemical storage tanks, regardless of size,
should be considered a potential hazard because of the high water table.
5. Fragile Areas
Subchapter 7H of Chapter 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code (15A NCAC 7H)
provides the state's definition of areas of environmental concern (AECs). Those areas include
coastal wetlands, ocean hazard areas, estuarine shorelines, inlet hazard areas, public trust
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions 1-43 1
F
L
I

waters, coastal complex natural areas, coastal areas sustaining remnant species, significant
coastal archaeological resources, and significant coastal historic architectural resources. There
' are no AECs located within Boiling Spring Lakes. Therefore, the CAMA minor and major
permit requirements do not apply.
There are significant non -AEC fragile areas which must be identified and their impacts on
Boiling Spring Lakes discussed. Those are summarized in the following sections.
a. 404 Wetlands
The most significant fragile areas in Boiling Spring Lakes are the 404 wetland areas.
404 wetlands are areas covered by water or that have waterlogged soils for long
periods during the growing season. Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living
in soils lacking oxygen for at least part of the growing season. Some wetlands, such
as swamps, are obvious. Others are sometimes difficult to identify because they may
be dry during part of the year. Wetlands include, but are not limited to, bottomlands,
forests, swamps, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs, marshes, and wet meadows.
' While the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wilmington office has not done extensive
wetlands analysis in Boiling Spring Lakes, the location of hydric soils is a good
' indication of areas having a high probability of being classified as 404 wetlands areas.
Those hydric soils are located on Map 5 and include the following soils series:
Croatan, Dorovan, Leon, Muckalee, Murville, and Torhunta. The reader is cautioned
that precise determinations of 404 wetland areas must be made through "in -field" site
analysis by a representative of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington office.
Because of the extensive areas of hydric soils in Boiling Spring Lakes, public and
private development should only be undertaken following on -site investigation for 404
wetland areas.
Wetlands are a significant natural resource because they provide recharge areas for
groundwater; serve as filter traps for sediment, pesticides and other pollutants;
provide non-structural flood control; buffer against shoreline erosion; serve as buffer
zones between upland activities and valuable aquatic systems; and provide habitats for
numerous furbearing animals, endangered species, and other wildlife.
Many of the wetland areas include pocosins, some of which are "Carolina Bays."
' Pocosin is a word of Indian derivation meaning "swamp on a hill." In Boiling Spring
Lakes, many of the pocosins support the Venus Flytrap plant which is an endangered
plant species in North Carolina. As pointed out by the 1992 land use plan, one or
more of the pocosins could be designated as an area of environmental concern under
the remnant species category of 15A NCAC 7H. Any citizen, interest group, local
government, or state or federal agency may make such a nomination to the North
Carolina Coastal Resources Commission.
The Boiling Spring Lakes wetland areas also provide habitats for the American
' Alligator, Red Cockaded Woodpecker and the Osprey. All three species are
considered endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-44 ,
I

b. Slopes in Excess of 12 %
There are no slopes located in the City of Boiling Spring Lakes which are in excess
of 12%.
C. Excessive Erosion Areas
There are no excessive erosion areas located in Boiling Spring Lakes.
d.. Historic and Archaeological Sites
The North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and
History, has indicated that there are four known archaeological sites located within
Boiling Spring Lakes. However, the city has never been systematically surveyed to
determine the location of archaeological resources. Therefore, additional sites may
exist. All archaeological site locations are restricted information and locations may
not be included in any public document or made available to any individual without
the permission of the state archaeologist. Any development projects should be
implemented under appropriate historic preservation legislation and in coordination
with the Division of Archives and History to avoid damage to valuable archaeological
resources.
Based on the Division of Archives and History files, there are no structures located
in Boiling Spring Lakes which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places
or on the Division of Archives and History's study list for future nomination. A
cultural resources survey of the city has not been conducted, and therefore, there may
be some structures which have historic or architectural significance.
In 1990, there appeared to be only six residential structures which were 40 years old
or older. The likelihood of finding historically/architecturally significant structures
is limited. However, renovations or demolitions of older structures should be
coordinated with the Division of Archives and History to ensure the preservation of
historically or architecturally significant structures.
e. Natural Resource Fragile Areas
Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be of educational, scientific,
or cultural value because of the natural features of the particular site. Features in
these areas serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the landscape. These
areas include complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant species, pocosins,
wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of Parks and Recreation
works to identify and facilitate protection of the most ecologically significant natural
areas remaining in the state. Natural areas may be identified because they provide
important habitat for rare species or because they contain outstanding examples of the
rich natural diversity of this state.
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-45 1
I

J
Natural area inventories are often conducted county by county. Permission from
landowners is obtained before field work is undertaken. The information collected is
important for land use planning, especially planning for natural area conservation and
greenways. High quality natural areas are valuable resources that make North
Carolina and its counties attractive to live in and to visit. In addition to their
educational and cultural uses, natural areas are important reservoirs of native plants
and animals and are key resources for recreation.
Among coastal counties, preliminary natural area inventories were completed for ten
counties during 1980-82. These inventories were conducted for Brunswick, Carteret,
Craven, Dare, Gates, Hyde, Pamlico, Pender, Tyrrell, and Washington counties under
the Coastal Energy Impact Program of Coastal Management. More thorough
inventories were conducted for the northeastern coastal counties as part of the
Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study during 1989-1993. In 1995, a much more in-
depth survey was conducted for Brunswick County; a similar inventory is underway
for Onslow County. These inventories are funded with grants from the Natural
Heritage Trust Fund which are used to match local funding. The inventories generally
' take 18-24 months to complete and cost approximately $30,000. CAMA planning
grants may be considered for part of the local match.
Within the City of Boiling Spring Lakes, portions of the 404 wetlands were identified
as national or state priority natural areas. These areas are delineated on Map 6.
f. Water Resources
Surface waters (streams, lakes, or estuaries) are rated as either fully supporting (S),
support -threatened (ST), partially supporting (PS), or nonsupporting (NS) by the
Division of Water Quality. The terms refer to whether the classified uses of the water
(such as water supply, aquatic life protection, and swimming) are being fully
supported, partially supported, or are not supported. For instance, saltwaters
classified for commercial shellfish harvesting (SA) would be rated as fully supporting
if bacterial levels in the water were low enough to allow harvesting. However, if
fecal coliform bacteria levels were. too high to allow shellfish to be harvested, but not
too high to prevent swimming, then the waters would be rated as partially supporting
since they only support the swimming. If the waters were impacted to the point that
even swimming was disallowed, the waters would be rated as nonsupporting. Some
of Boiling Spring Lakes' water areas are classified as support -threatened water. These
are delineated on Map 6.
There are no public trust water areas located in Boiling Spring Lakes. The city would
oppose designation of any of its lakes as public trust areas.
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-46

MAP 6
1
1
1
Approximate Scale in Miles
0 3.0 6.0
N
Boiling Spring Lake:
Fragile Areas
JUNE, 1997
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
LEGEND
National Natural
Heritage Priority Area
' State Natural
Heritage Priority Area
Support -threatened
Water
— • — • — --City Limits
See Map 5, Soils Map for
location of hydric soils
I-=-7

1 6. Areas of Resource Potential
' a. Agricultural and Forestlands
In Brunswick County, the following are considered to be the prime agricultural soil
series: Foreston, Goldsboro, Johns, Norfolk and Onslow. Only the Foreston and
Goldsboro series are located in Boiling Spring Lakes. These two series occupy only
very small areas, approximately less than one percent of the city's total area.
' The following soil series are the most productive in Brunswick County for the growth
of both hardwood and coniferous trees: Marvyn, Blanton, Bragg, Foreston,
' Goldsboro, Johns, Lynchburg, Norfolk, Onslow, Pactolus, Rains and Yaupon. Only
the Foreston, Goldsboro, and Lynchburg series are found in limited areas of Boiling
Spring Lakes. These series occupy only one to two percent of the city's area. In
addition, Foreston, Goldsboro and Lynchburg series are all located in areas of the city
which have been developed.
In summary, there are no commercially productive agricultural or forestlands located
in Boiling Spring Lakes.
b. Regionally Significant Public Parks
The only public park located in Boiling Spring Lakes is the small park located
' adjacent to the City Hall. The city does maintain a boat ramp, pavilion, and small
beach area on Boiling Spring Lake. In addition to the facilities maintained at Boiling
Spring Lake, the city also maintains picnic tables and two pavilions at Spring Lake.
There is a small public park located on Seminole Lake and one on Mirror Lake. There
are no state or federal park facilities. However, the extensive undeveloped wetland
areas located in Boiling Spring Lakes have great potential to serve as passive
recreation/natural areas.
7. Miscellaneous Development Constraint Issues
a. Marinas and Mooring Fields
Marinas are defined as any publicly or privately owned dock, basin or wet boat
' storage facility constructed to accommodate more than 10 boats and providing any of
the following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling
facilities, haulout facilities, and repair service. Excluded from this definition are boat
ramp facilities allowing access only, temporary docking and none of the preceding
services. The development of marinas has not been an issue in Boiling Spring Lakes.
A "freestanding mooring" is any means to attach a ship, boat, vessel, floating
structure, or other water craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy,
buoyed anchor, or piling (as long as the piling is not associated with an existing or
proposed pier, dock, or boathouse). When more than one freestanding mooring is
used in the same general vicinity it is commonly referred to as a mooring field. The
ISection I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-48 '

City of Boiling Spring Lakes has not regulated the establishment of mooring fields
within its planning jurisdiction and mooring fields have not been a problem.
b. Floating Homes '
A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported by a means of
flotation, designed to be used without a permanent foundation, which is used or
intended for human habitation or commerce. A structure will be considered a floating
structure when it is inhabited or used for commercial purposes for more than thirty ,
days in any one location. A boat may be deemed a floating structure when its means
of propulsion has been removed or rendered inoperative and it contains at least 200
square feet of living space area. '
There are currently no floating homes within Boiling Spring Lakes.
C. Aquaculture '
As defined under N.C. General Statute 106-758, aquaculture is the propagation and
rearing of aquatic species in controlled or selected environments, including, but not
limited to, ocean ranching. Aquaculture has not been an issue within Boiling Spring
Lakes' planning jurisdiction.
d. Channel Maintenance and Interstate Waterways
The Intracoastal Waterway traverses Brunswick County. The waterway provides an ,
indispensable route for fisherman, commercial barge traffic, and recreational boat
traffic, all instrumental to Brunswick County's economic well-being. The waterway
is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Recent years have seen a ,
continuing increase in waterway traffic as tourism and import/export activities have
grown.
Proper maintenance of channels is very important to Brunswick County because of the
substantial economic impact of commercial fisheries. If silt or other deposits fill in
the channels, safe and efficient movement of commercial fishing and transport vessels
could be impeded.
e. Bulkhead Construction I
The construction of bulkheads in Boiling Spring Lakes has not been an issue. The
city has maintained a policy of not objecting to bulkhead construction. I
Section I: Analysis of Existing Conditions I-49 1 1

SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
A. PROJECTED DEMAND FOR DEVELOPMENT
1. Deing ranhic Trends
In conformance with the Coastal Area Management Act planning guidelines, population
projections for the municipalities within Brunswick County have been prepared through 2010.
However, the reader is cautioned that the CAMA five-year planning period extends through
2002. The population projections are provided in Table 20. It is emphasized that the
municipal forecasts do not take into consideration annexations which may occur. As a result,
' the population of some municipalities may prove to be above the figures which are forecast.
The overall county population is expected to increase from 60,739 in 1995 to 79,644 in 2010.
This increase of 31 % (an annual average of 2.1 %) was applied to all municipalities within the
county. The city and county population growth is compared in Figure 3.
Table 20
City of Boiling Spring Lakes and Brunswick County
Population Forecasts
Year -Round Population
Municipality/Area
1995
2000
2005
2010
Bald Head Island
87
95
105
114
Belville
93
102
112
122
'
Boiling Spring Lakes*
1,976
2,163
2,384
2,591
Bolivia
251
275
303
329
Calabash
1,364
1,493
1,646
1,789
'
Caswell Beach
209
229
252
274
Holden Beach
782
856
944
1,025
Leland
2,050
2,244
2,473
2,688
'
Long Beach
4,674
5,117
5,639
6,129
Navassa
492
539
594
645
Northwest
727
756
877
953
Ocean Isle Beach
664
727
801
871
Sandy Creek
268
293
323
351
Shallotte
1,123
1,229
1,355
1,473
Southport
2,540
2,781
3,065
3,331
Sunset Beach
778
852
939
1,020
Varnamtown
465
509
561
610
'
Yaupon Beach
850
931
1,026
1,115
Total Municipalities
18,666
21,191
23,399
25,430
Total Unincorporated Areas
42 073
45.306
49 996
54 214
Total County
60,739
66,497
73,285
79,644
*It should be noted that these figures are based on overall county population projections forecast by the Office
of State Planning. They have been provided only as a general indication of growth which may occur. The City
of Boiling Spring Lakes believes that population growth will exceed these estimates.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Section Il: Projected Land Development Analysis

c 60,000
o. 50, 000
0
40,000
c
0
cc 30,000
�o
>- 20,000
10,000
0
Source
FIGURE 3
BRUNSWICK COUNTY/BOILING SPRING LAKES
POPULATION GROWTH, 2000 TO 2010
79,644
2000 2005 2010
Year
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Boiling Spring Lakes
Brunswick County
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-2 1

The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is expected to remain one of the county's largest
municipalities. During the fifteen -year period 1995-2010, the city's population has been
forecast to increase by 615 persons. In this event, Boiling Spring Lakes would have a 2010
population of 2,591, making it the county's fourth largest municipality.
In addition, Brunswick County will remain one of the fastest growing coastal counties in
North Carolina through the year 2010. In fact, between the years 1995 and 2010, Brunswick
County is expected to be the third fastest growing county regulated by the Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA). Table 21 provides a summary of population growth for North
Carolina's twenty CAMA counties through the year 2010.
1 Table 21
Total Population and Percent Change for
CAMA-Regulated Counties and State, 1995-2010
Percent Change
County
1995
2000
2005
2010
'95-'10
Beaufort
43,330
44,280
44,760
45,175
4.3 %
Bertie
20,638
20,154
19,867
19,590
-5.1 %
Brunswick
60,739
66,497
73,285
79,644
31.1%
Camden
6,316
6,202
6,244
6,303
-0.2%
Carteret
57,612
64,209
69,543
74,280
28.9%
Chowan
14,031
14,666
14,940
15,283
8.9%
Craven
85,816
93,955
100,237
105,252
22.6%
Currituck
15,818
16,867
18,206
19,621
24.0 %
Dare
25,758
31,491
36,479
41,495
61.1%
Gates
9,798
10,094
10,381
10,740
9.6%
Hertford
22,468
22,190
21,927
21,709
-3.4 %
Hyde
5,211
5,151
5,017
4,837
-7.2 %
New Hanover
139,577
139,332
145,147
150,936
8.1 %
Onslow
147,912
169,659
185,627
198,617
34.3 %
Pamlico
11,869
12,354
12,675
13,003
9.6%
Pasquotank
33,290
34,560
35,948
37,411
12.4%
Pender
34,671
36,374
39,448
42,331
22.1%
Perquimans
10,650
11,226
11,587
12,005
12.7 %
Tyrrell
3,812
3,805
3,713
3,671
-3.7 %
Washington
13,766
13,473
13,010
12,518
-9.1 %
Total CAMA Counties
763,082
816,539
868,041
914,421
19.8%
State of North Carolina
7,194,238
7,444,961
7,762,906
8,070,539
12.2%
Source: Office of State Planning.
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-3
I

2. Commercial and Industrial Land Use
With the exception of one retail store and the Fox Squirrel Country Club/Pro Shop, all
commercial activity in Boiling Spring Lakes is centered on NC 87. At the present time, only
approximately 22 acres in the city have been developed for commercial use.
Commercial development is expected to occur slowly during the planning period. This trend ,
can be expected to continue until the city's population reaches a point where it is capable of
supporting significant local commercial activity and until central water and sewer service is ,
available. In the meantime, residents of Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to commute to
neighboring communities such as Southport for many essential goods and services. The lack
of adequate commercial areas in the city will continue to be a significant issue in Boiling ,
Spring Lakes.
Vacant land zoned for commercial development is located in two general areas. These areas
include the southwest corner of the Fifty Lakes Drive and NC 133 intersection, and along both
sides of NC 87 from Boiling Spring Lake north to a point just past Boiling Spring Road. Any
commercial development that takes place during the planning period is expected to occur in
these areas.
Based on the city's zoning ordinance, the following uses may be expected to develop in
commercially zoned areas: retail stores, business offices, gas stations, personal services,
,
motels, religious institutions, clubs, parking, restaurants, mortuaries, funeral homes,
professional services, banks or other financial institutions, and other commercial uses upon
the finding that such is compatible with those permitted and which will not be detrimental to
'
other uses within the district or to adjoining land uses.
The city's 1992 land use plan listed the following objectives in regard to commercial
,
development. These objectives remain relevant and are as follows:
• Minimize the adverse impact of commercial development on adjacent
'
residential properties.
• Encourage an integrated or planned development of the commercial zone
'
fronting on NC 133 and Fifty Lakes Road. Uncoordinated development will
result in traffic congestion and an aesthetically unpleasing commercial area.
'
• Control the location and number of curb cuts or highway entrances.
Continuous highway access will be detrimental to traffic flow and control.
• Control signage in order to maintain Boiling Spring Lakes' attractive
appearance and residential character.
Although the Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance includes a light industrial district, no
areas have been zoned for industrial usage. As a result, there are no industrial land uses
within the city. Industrial development within Boiling Spring Lakes has not been encouraged
'
for the following reasons:
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-4 1

• The city contains extensive fragile areas susceptible to groundwater
contamination.
• The city has a high water table occurring throughout the community.
• The city has poor drainage of soils.
• The city lacks an adequate transportation network when compared to other
industrial sites in southeastern North Carolina.
• The city's residential character will dictate that any industrial development be
limited to light industries.
Industrial development is not expected to occur during the planning period. However,
following the establishment of central water and sewer, the city may choose to examine
potential sites for light industrial zoning.
3. Housing Trends
The majority of the city's residential development expected to take place during the next five
years will occur north of NC 87 where the most suitable soils are located. It should be noted
that the majority of Boiling Spring Lakes contains hydric soils which possess characteristics
ill suited for construction. Specifically, the greatest concentrations of residential development
are expected to continue in three general areas. These areas include the following: along the
golf course, northern and southern shores of Boiling Spring Lake, and in what is locally
known as Section 11.
Due largely to the extensive amount of hydric soils in the city, previous Boiling Spring Lakes
land use plans have cited the need to replat smaller vacant lots into larger parcels. This would
produce lots that more closely resemble current development standards, thereby reducing the
adverse impacts of poor soil conditions. However, little progress has been made towards the
replatting of parcels and no apparent solution exists. It is important to note that the city
encourages the combining of lots where feasible and when the opportunity arises. This would
aid in reducing stormwater drainage problems.
Residential development during the planning period is expected to occur gradually. Between
1992-1996, the average annual rates of conventional single-family residential construction and
new mobile home placement were 42 and 17 units per year, respectively. At this rate of
construction, the city's remaining vacant acreage will be more than adequate to meet
development demand during the planning period.
4. Public/Semi-Public Land Use
Public/semi-public land uses currently occupy approximately 133 acres in Boiling Spring
Lakes. Public land is not expected to change substantially during the planning period.
However, a local private interest group has expressed interest in establishing sites for future
recreational use such as soccer, football, and baseball fields. The most significant
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-5 1

I�
public/semi-public land uses will continue to be the South Brunswick Middle and High ,
schools.
5. Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes '
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has an established zoning ordinance and an active planning '
program which have helped to keep incompatible land uses to a minimum. No significant
changes in the existing land use patterns discussed in this plan are expected to occur during
the planning period. However, following the establishment of central water and sewer ,
services, which are not expected during the planning period, some changes in existing land
use patterns may be expected. The construction of single-family site -built homes and mobile
home placement will continue to be the dominant forms of development. Commercial '
development is expected to remain minimal.
The city's extensive wetland areas should be protected. They have great value as a natural
resource and habitat for both plant and animal endangered species. Development of these
areas will lead to serious problems for the city, including but not limited to: malfunctioning
septic tanks, groundwater pollution, inadequate storm drainage, and excessive street
maintenance costs. Consideration should be given to treating wetlands, in particular the
Carolina Bay areas, as conservation areas with development either prohibited or severely
restricted.
6. Summary
The greatest obstacles to growth in Boiling Spring Lakes continue to be the lack of central '
sewer, the lack of central water, and the abundance of wetland areas. Although the city is
currently pursuing the establishment of a central water system, construction is not expected
to take place within the next couple of years. ,
The majority of the key issues identified in the city's 1992 land use plan remain relevant
today. The following provides a summary of issues that will confront growth and
development during the planning period:
• The city will continue as a predominantly single-family residential
community.
• There will be an increasing demand for facilities providing care and services I
to the retirement age population.
• Residential development will continue to be split between site built and
modular/mobile homes.
• The city will continue to grow without central water and sewer facilities, but
more slowly than if such facilities were available.
• Boiling Spring Lakes is not well suited for industrial development.
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-6 1 1

• The city must implement long-range thoroughfare planning in order to control
traffic congestion.
'
• Existing commercial businesses are inadequate in meeting the city's goods and
services needs.
• Forest fires.
' • The city's wetland areas will continue to be a major obstacle to development.
• The need to control signage in order to maintain Boiling Spring Lakes'
appearance.
B. PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY
Based on anticipated growth, public facilities and services including drainage, solid waste
disposal, police, fire, rescue, city administration, transportation, schools, recreation, electrical,
telephone, cable, and health are expected to remain adequate during the planning period. Water and
sewer service, at least for the immediate future, will continue to be provided through the use of private
wells and septic tanks.
The most significant public facilities improvements that the City of Boiling Spring Lakes is
' currently involved with include the establishment of city-wide water and sewer systems, city hall
expansion, and the paving of unpaved roads. The following provides a summary of each of these
improvements.
' 1. City -Wide Water System
With the assistance of an engineering firm, the City of Boiling Spring Lakes completed a
' water system feasibility update in October, 1996. The scope of this study was to update a
previous 1989 feasibility study in regards to service area boundaries, a review of the existing
water facilities in the service area, customer base projections, a preliminary distribution
system map, and a financing option update. This study described the construction of a city-
wide water system in two phases.
' Brunswick County owns and maintains a 24-inch water main at NC Highway 87 in front of
Boiling Spring Lakes. There is also an 8-inch water main stub -out down East Boiling Springs
Road that formally attaches to a hydro tank in the vicinity of the municipal building. Phase I
' of construction generally calls for a looping distribution system that connects to the county's
24-inch main on Fifty Lakes Drive and on East Boiling Springs Road and extends to the Sunny
Point Railroad. Phase I of development would provide water services to approximately 65 %
' of the dwellings in Boiling Spring Lakes. Phase II of the water distribution system would
capture the majority of the remaining service connections. Phases I and II have been estimated
to cost approximately $1,966,726 and $890,408, respectively.
iJ
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-7 1

The city included the project on the ballot in the November, 1997, election and it was '
unanimously supported. Boiling Spring Lakes is currently seeking approval from Brunswick
County and the Board of Commissioners to connect to their water line so that construction of '
Phase I can be initiated. At that time, it will be known if the construction of a water system
will become a reality during the planning period.
2. Regional Sewer System Efforts '
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is participating in regional sewer studies being conducted '
by both Brunswick County and the Town of Long Beach. Brunswick County formed a Sewer
and Stormwater Oversight Committee assigned with the task of preparing a regional sewer and
stormwater report. This report has been completed and was presented to the Boiling Spring ,
Lakes Board of Commissioners in July, 1997, for approval. The city's board approved the
document and asked the county Board of Commissioners to proceed with their plans. The City
of Boiling Spring Lakes also supports a regional sewer study being conducted by the Town
of Long Beach. This study is being conducted as a result of the town receiving grant funding
and will examine the possibility of interconnecting existing sewage treatment systems in
Brunswick County. Boiling Spring Lakes is also a member of the South Brunswick Effluent '
Disposal Organization.
3. City Hall Improvements I
In the spring of 1998, the City Hall was expanded by 1,360 square feet to provide additional
space to house the police department, commissioners conference room, and two handicapped '
restrooms. The existing City Hall was renovated in the second half of 1998 to house the
administrative offices.
4. Paving of Unpaved Roads ,
The following streets were paved in Fiscal Year 1997/1998:
West BoilingSpring Road (paved to Barclay Road Tuscarora Drive '
P g (P Y )
Navaho Drive Mohawk Drive '
Sioux Drive Pine Lake Drive
Dartmouth Road Walnut Drive
The city installed drainage culverts under some roads where culverts were missing. Seminole ,
Road remains to be paved.
5. Additional Public Facilities Improvements '
As previously mentioned, the public facilities improvements discussed thus far are determined
to be the most significant to Boiling Spring Lakes. However, in addition to these projects, '
Brunswick County Schools and the North Carolina Department of Transportation have projects
scheduled that may also be of relevance to Boiling Spring Lakes.
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-8 1

Ia. Brunswick County Schools
The Brunswick County School System is in the planning stages of constructing a ten
(10) room addition to Bolivia Elementary and an eleven (11) room addition to South
Brunswick Middle School. The county is also currently in the process of constructing
a 650-pupil capacity elementary school on NC 211 to the southeast of Supply. The
quality of the Brunswick County School System is an asset and an attraction to
newcomers.
' b. , N.C. Department of Transportation
According to the state's 1997-2003 Transportation Improvement Plan, the following
'
projects are scheduled to take place in Brunswick County that may have an effect on
traffic flow to and from Boiling Spring Lakes:
NC 133 Town Creek, Bridge No. 61
Year 2000
replace
NC 133 Allen Creek, replace Bridge No. 65
Year 2000
'
US 421/NC 211 Southport, construct a 180' "river class" ferry
Under construction
NC 87, NC 133, and Intersection of NC 87, NC 133, and Sunny Point
Identified future need
Access Road Access Road. Realign NC 87 to become through
movement and install traffic signal
New Route NC 211/NC 133 to NC 87 at SR 1524, construct a
Right-of-way
two-lane connector on new location
acquisition 2003
New Route SR 1104 (Beach Drive) to NC 211, widen SR 1105
Right-of-way
(Middleton Avenue), SR 1104 to SR 1190, replace
acquisition 1999
Bridge No. 206 over Davis Creek and construct a
'
two-lane facility from SR 1105 to NC 211 on new
location
SR 1500 (Midway NC 211 to US 17 Bypass. Upgrade roadway to 24
Right-of-way
Road) and SR 1401 feet, construct paved shoulders, and improve
acquisition 2002
(Galloway Road) intersection at SR 1500, SR 1401, and US 17
Business
US 17* Wilmington Bypass, US 17 south of NC 87 in
Construction 1998-
Brunswick County to I-40 in New Hanover County.
2003
'
Four -lane divided freeway on new location
*Indicates Intrastate Project.
In addition, Boiling Spring Lakes has submitted two requests to Brunswick County for inclusion on
the county -wide thoroughfare plan. These improvements include the extension of Cougar Road to NC
' 133 and the extension of West Boiling Springs Road to Lewis Loop Road which in turn connects to
Midway Road.
J
Section Il: Projected Land Development Analysis II-9 1

C. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES I
There are no redevelopment issues in Boiling Spring Lakes. The majority of the city remains I
undeveloped. Almost all development which exists is less than thirty years old.
The city is not subject to substantial hurricane or other major storm -related flooding.
However, extensive wind damage could occur during a hurricane. Because of the large number of
modular and mobile homes, Boiling Spring Lakes is particularly susceptible to wind damage. The
State Building Code sets standards for the anchorage of modular/mobile homes. It is particularly '
important that those standards be rigorously enforced in Boiling Spring Lakes. Following major storm
damage, it is anticipated that redevelopment would occur at existing densities.
D. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
This plan was reviewed by the Brunswick County Planning Department prior to certification '
by the Coastal Resources Commission. This review was provided to help ensure consistency of this
plan with Brunswick County's planning efforts. Intergovernmental coordination and cooperation will ,
continue through the ten-year planning period. This will be essential to accomplish effective planning
for public utilities, thoroughfare projects, community facilities, housing needs, and environmental
protection. The Boiling Spring Lakes Board of Commissioners will be responsible for ensuring '
adequate coordination with Brunswick County and other government entities as may be required.
Section II: Projected Land Development Analysis II-10 1

1 SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
CAMA regulations require the establishment of a specific land classification system to support the
local government's policy statements. This system should reflect developing land use patterns within
the city and provide a framework to be utilized by Boiling Spring Lakes to identify future land uses.
' The 15A NCAC 7B requirements provide for the following land classifications: developed, urban
transition, limited transition, community, rural, rural with services, and conservation. In applying
these classifications, Boiling Spring Lakes should carefully consider where and when various types
of development should be encouraged. Additionally, environmentally sensitive areas should be
recognized by the land classification system. There are no state -identified areas of environmental
concern (15A NCAC 7H) located within Boiling Spring Lakes. However, 404 wetlands, pocosins,
' and the 100-year floodplain are classified as conservation areas. Each applicable land classification
must be represented on a land classification map.
The following land classifications will apply in Boiling Spring Lakes' jurisdiction:
Developed areas included in the developed land classification are currently urban in character,
' with no or minimal undeveloped land remaining. Municipal types of services, with the exception of
central water and sewer service, are in place or are expected to be provided within the next five to ten
years. Land uses include residential, commercial, public/semi-public, and other urban land uses at
' the following densities which are prescribed by 15A NCAC 7B:
° 500 dwelling units per square mile, or
' ° three dwelling units per acre, or
° where a majority of lots are 15,000 square feet or less.
' Boiling Spring Lakes' developed areas were above these densities in 1997 with four to six
residential units per acre.
In Boiling Spring Lakes, the developed classification is divided into the following
subclassifications:
• Developed Residential (DR) - These are areas where electrical, police, fire, sanitation,
' recreation and other municipal services are provided. The major land use is residential
development. The majority of the lots situated within the Developed Residential classification
remain unimproved. Policies contained in this plan recommend replatting of some parcels to
increase lot size. The maximum height for residential structures is 20 feet for one-story
structures and 35 feet for two-story structures. Specific densities in the various areas of the
city shall be dictated by the Boiling Spring Lakes Zoning Ordinance.
Except for the R-6 mobile or modular home residential district, all residential zones have a
minimum lot size of 10,500 square feet. The R-6 district has a minimum lot size of five acres.
Section III: Land Classification System

Only single-family dwellings are allowed in the developed residential category. The city's
zoning ordinance does provide for a planned residential development district (PRD). The PRD
is allowed in the developed residential classification.
• Developed Commercial (DC) - These are areas where police, fire, sanitation,
recreation and other municipal services are provided. The developed commercial category is
limited to three areas fronting on NC 87 and an area lying in the southwest corner of the
intersection of NC 133 and Fifty Lakes Drive. The majority of the developed commercial
category was undeveloped in 1997. The city desires to carefully control its commercial zoning
in order to preserve the city's residential character.
The following uses are allowed in the developed commercial category: retail stores, business
offices, gas stations, personal services, motels, religious institutions, clubs, parking,
restaurants, health care facilities, nursing homes, mortuaries, funeral homes, professional
services, banks or other financial institutions, schools and governmental services,
professional/administrative offices, and other commercial uses upon the finding that such use
is compatible with those permitted and which will not be detrimental to other uses within the
district or to adjoining land uses.
The city does not have any industrial district zoning. However, the city's zoning ordinance
does allow for the establishment of industrial districts in which the following uses would be
allowed: enclosed manufacturing industries, enclosed warehouses, public utilities, enclosed
service or repair, gas stations, parking, accessory buildings, and other industrial uses upon
the finding that such use is compatible with those permitted and which will not be detrimental
to other uses within the district or to adjoining land uses. The city considers the establishment
of industrial district zoning within the developed commercial category to be allowable.
Rural - These areas include lands that are appropriate for or presently used for agriculture,
forestry, mineral extraction, and other uses that should be located in a relatively isolated and developed
area. The predominant land uses are vacant, agricultural, and residential. However, public facilities
and scattered industrial and commercial uses are allowed if consistent with the city's zoning ordinance.
Rural water systems may be available to help avert poor water quality problems.
Conservation (CON) - The following environmentally sensitive areas are included in the
conservation classification:
404 Wetlands: This classification includes areas of 404 wetlands which meet the wetlands
definition contained in Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Only uses consistent with the
policy statements section of this plan and the Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance will be
allowed. These areas are not delineated on the Land Classification Map. Specific locations
must be determined in the field by representatives of the Wilmington office of the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers.
Pocosins (Carolina Bad: These areas are specifically defined in the fragile areas section of
the plan, Section F.5.a.). They are depressions containing swamps which provide habitats for
both endangered plant and animal species. One or more of the pocosins could be designated
Section III: Land Classification System III-2 1 1

as an area of environmental concern under the remnant species category of 15A NCAC 7H.
No developments shall be allowed within the pocosins.
100-Year Floodplain: This category includes the waters of all lakes and streams, shoreline
areas, and areas susceptible to flooding along Orton, Allen, and McKinzie Creeks. Only uses
consistent with the policies contained in this plan and the City of Boiling Spring Lakes zoning
ordinance will be allowed.
The land classifications are delineated on the Land Classification Map, Map 7.
Section III: Land Classification System III-3

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1
SECTION IV: POLICY STATEMENTS
A. INTRODUCTION TO POLICY STATEMENTS
Policy statements are extremely important and may have a day-to-day impact on individual
citizens within Boiling Spring Lakes' planning jurisdiction. The statements will have an impact in two
important areas, including:
-- Establishment of local planning policy.
-- Review of proposed projects requiring state or federal assistance or approval to
determine consistency with local policies.
The policies contained in this section are based on the objectives of the citizens of Boiling
Spring Lakes and satisfy the objectives of the Coastal Resources Commission. The planning board
closely supervised the development of these policies.
There are no areas of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7H located in the
Boiling Spring Lakes planning jurisdiction. CAMA minor and major permitting as required by NCGS
113A-118 does not apply to the city. All policies stated in this plan must be supported by local
ordinances and actions in order to ensure implementation.
With respect to "Consistency Review," proposals and applications for state and federal
assistance or requests for agency approval of projects are normally reviewed against a jurisdiction's
land use plan to determine if the project is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies with local
policies could serve as grounds for denial or revision of a project. For example, an individual or
agency may request state or federal funding to construct a 30-unit low -to -moderate income housing
project. If the proposed location of the project is within an area in which the land use plan states that
the residential density should not exceed two dwelling units per acre, the project may be judged to be
inconsistent with the local land use plan.
The Coastal Resources Commission requires all governments to specify stated development
policies under each one of five broad topics. These topics include:
-- Resource Protection
-- Resource Production and Management
-- Economic and Community Development
-- Continuing Public Participation
-- Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plans
The policies outlined in the following section will provide a guide for advising and regulating
development of available land resources in Boiling Spring Lakes through 2002. At that time, an
updated CAMA land use plan will be prepared. Policies which were considered, but not adopted, are
provided in Appendix Il.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-1

B. VISION STATEMENT
Boiling Spring Lakes desires to continue as a primarily low -to -moderate density residential
community. Density will be decreased in newly subdivided areas. Emphasis will be placed on the
preservation of residential neighborhoods. Commercial and industrial areas will be limited in size and
location. The city will support preservation of its lakes and pocosin areas as sensitive natural
environments. No significant changes in the city's land use patterns are expected during the planning
period. The major issue confronting the city will be the provision of central water and sewer systems.
C. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES
Community Attitude Toward Resource Protection
There are no state -identified areas of environmental concern located within Boiling Spring
Lakes. The city's primary resource protection needs will focus on preservation of 404 wetlands areas,
including pocosins, the lakes, and its floodplain areas. Redevelopment within Boiling Spring Lakes
will continue to be primarily residential. Commercial and industrial development will be limited in
area and location.
Physical Limitations
Soils (issue discussed page I-39)
Policy (a): Boiling Spring Lakes will enforce all current regulations of the N.C. State Building
Code and Brunswick County Health Department relating to building and construction
and septic tank installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions.
Implementation: The city will rely on its zoning permit process and building
inspections to enforce this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Policy (b): The city will cooperate with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the regulation/
enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit process. A map delineating the wetlands of
highest functional significance is not available for Boiling Spring Lakes.
Consequently, no policy is required at this time.
Implementation:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will pursue amendments to its zoning ordinance to
establish an open space/conservation district to prohibit development in
critical pocosin and 404 wetlands areas as shown on the land classification
map.
Schedule: The city will revise its zoning ordinance in FY1998/00 and
continue to rely on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for enforcement of 404
wetland regulations.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-2 I

IPolicy (c):
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(b) The city will revise its subdivision ordinance to require the designation of 404
wetlands areas on all subdivision plats.
Schedule: The city will revise its subdivision ordinance in FY1999/00.
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will encourage development on non-hydric soils.
Implementation: The city will review its zoning ordinance to allow low density
development, one acre minimum lot size for new subdivisions, in all areas having
hydric soils. Higher density development will be allowed in areas with non-hydric
soils. In addition, the city will impose impervious surface limits in areas having
hydric soils.
Schedule: The city will revise its zoning ordinance in FY1999/00.
IFlood Hazard Areas (issue discussed page I-39)
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Policy: Boiling Spring Lakes will not increase regulations governing development within
flood hazard areas and will rely on existing federal, state, and local regulations.
' Implementation:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to coordinate all development within the
100-year floodplain with the city's inspections department, the North Carolina
' Division of Coastal Management, FEMA, and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will enforce its existing zoning and flood damage
prevention ordinance to control development within flood hazard areas.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies (issue discussed pages I-29 and I-38)
Policy (a): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes desires to conserve its surficial' groundwater
resources.
Implementation:
' (a) The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will conserve its surficial groundwater
resources by enforcing N.C. Division of Water Quality stormwater runoff
regulations, and by coordinating local development activities involving
chemical storage or underground storage tanks with the North Carolina
Division of Water Quality.
Schedule: Continuing activity, FY1997/07
Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-3 '

(b) During the planning period, the city will review and amend the local zoning
ordinance with regard to underground chemical and gasoline storage
regulations to ensure a minimum of risk to local groundwater resources.
Implementation of this policy is particularly important because of the gharst
(limestone). topography which underlies Boiling Spring Lakes.
Schedule: The city will revise its zoning ordinance in FY1999/00.
(c) In reviews of planned residential developments, the city may encourage the
use of environmentally sound package treatment plants and technologically
advanced systems.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Policy (b): Industrial development shall be discouraged from locating in areas particularly
susceptible to groundwater contamination (hydric soils areas).
Implementation: The city will rely on its zoning ordinance to implement this policy
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Manmade Hazards (issue discussed page I43)
Policy (a): Boiling Spring Lakes supports regulation of underground storage tanks in order to
protect its groundwater resources. I
Implementation: The city will rely on the technical requirements and state program
approval for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, parts 280 and 281), and any
subsequent state regulations concerning underground storage tanks adopted during the
planning period.
Schedule: Continuing activity, FY1997/07.
Policy (b): Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as defined by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of Hazardous Substances and Priority
Pollutants (developed pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1977) within its planning
jurisdiction.
Implementation: Boiling Spring Lakes will review its zoning ordinance to incorporate
provisions regulating the storage of toxic wastes within its planning jurisdiction.
Schedule: FY1999/00.
Policy (c): Boiling Spring Lakes opposes any increase in traffic on the Sunny Point Railroad to
serve either the Sunny Point Military Terminal or the Cogentrix plant located north
of Southport (the city realizes that this policy is not enforceable).
Implementation: The city will rely on appropriate state and federal agencies for
implementation of this policy.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-4 I

ISchedule: Continuing activity.
Policy (d): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports safe operation of the CP&L nuclear power
plant and the Sunny Point Military Terminal.
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Implementation:
(a) The city will coordinate and maintain contact with the Brunswick County
Emergency Management Office to ensure safe preparation and evacuation in
the event of a disaster at the CP&L nuclear power plant.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
(b) The city will cooperate with management at both the Sunny Point Military
Terminal and the CP&L nuclear power plant to support safe operation at both
facilities.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
IStormwater Runoff (issue discussed page I-29, I-32, and II-5)
Policy (a): Boiling Spring Lakes supports water quality maintenance in order to protect fragile
areas and to provide clean water for recreational purposes.
Implementation: The city will support state regulations relating to stormwater runoff
resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC 2H.001-.1003).
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Policy (b): Through revisions to its zoning ordinance, the city will increase its minimum lot size
to be applied in future subdivisions with poor soil conditions. The city will continue
to pursue options which may be available to encourage the replatting of parcels to
create larger lots.
Implementation: Boiling Spring Lakes will revise its zoning ordinance in FY 1999/00.
Schedule: FY1999/00.
Note: See stormwater policies on page IV-11.
Cultural/Historic Resources (issue discussed page I-45)
Policy (a): Boiling Spring Lakes will protect identified historic resources as valuable cultural and
economic resources.
Implementation: There are no known historically or archaeologically significant sites
in Boiling Spring Lakes. However, Boiling Spring Lakes shall coordinate all housing
code enforcement/redevelopment projects with the N.C. Division of Archives and
History, to ensure that any significant architectural details, buildings, or
' archaeologically significant sites are identified and preserved.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-5 ,

Schedule: Continuing activity.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas (issue discussed pages I-20 and II-4)
Policy (a): No industrial development will be allowed in areas classified as conservation areas.
In other areas, only light industrial development will be allowed which is consistent
with the city's zoning ordinance. Allowable industrial uses include the following:
enclosed manufacturing industries, enclosed warehouses or wholesale uses, public
utilities, enclosed service or repair, gas stations, parking, accessory use buildings, and
other industrial uses upon the finding that such use is compatible with those permitted
and which will not be detrimental to other uses within the district or to adjoining land
uses.
Policy (b): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes does not want industrial development to result in
any net loss of wetlands.
Implementation: The city will rely on its zoning ordinance and the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers for implementation of these policies.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Package Treatment Plants (issue discussed pages I-29 and II-8)
Policy: Boiling Spring Lakes may support the construction of package treatment plants which
are approved and permitted by the state Division of Water Quality. If any package
plants are approved, Boiling Spring Lakes supports a requirement for a specific
contingency plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance of the
plant will be provided, and detailing provisions for assumption of the ownership of
the plant if initial ownership and operation should fail.
Implementation: The city will rely on the Division of Water Quality management for
implementation of this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Marina and Floating Home Development (issue discussed pages I-48 and I-49)
Policy (a): Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the development of any commercial marinas (open
water or upland) on any lakes within Boiling Spring Lakes. Commercial marinas are
defined as any dock containing more than ten slips.
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Policy (b): Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the construction of any dry stack storage facilities for
boats associated with or independent of marinas. I
Implementation: The city will revise its zoning ordinance to implement these policies.
Schedule: The city will revise its zoning ordinance in FY1999/00. I
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-6 I

Policy (c): Piers may be constructed which are in compliance with the city's zoning ordinance.
Piers may not exceed forty (40) feet in length to ten (10) feet in width. The cross
member of a top pier may not exceed one hundred fifty (150) square feet. No
enclosed structures may be built on any pier.
1 Implementation: The city will rely on its zoning ordinance to implement this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Policy (d): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the location of floating homes on any of its
lakes.
Implementation: Boiling Spring Lakes will investigate the adoption of an ordinance
to regulate the location of floating homes within its jurisdiction.
ISchedule: FY1999/2000.
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Bulkhead Construction (issue discussed page I-49)
Policy: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes does not object to bulkhead construction along
lakefront shorelines which is in conformance with the city's zoning ordinance and 404
wetlands regulations. Bulkheads may be constructed to "retain" previously eroded
property if construction complies with 404 wetlands regulations. It is recognized that
bulkhead construction consistent with this policy may result in the loss of some
lakes'/waters' shoreline vegetation.
Implementation: The city will rely on its zoning ordinance and the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers Wilmington, NC, office to enforce this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Sea Level Rise
Due to its elevation above sea level, 40 to 65 feet, sea level rise is not expected to be an issue
for Boiling Spring Lakes. Therefore, a policy statement is not required.
MooringFelds (issue discussed page I-48)
Policy: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the establishment of mooring fields within
its planning jurisdiction.
Implementation: The city will develop a local ordinance to regulate the development
of mooring fields.
Schedule: FY1999/00.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-7 '

Water Quality Mana eg ment (issue discussed page I-23)
Policy: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality Management's goals for water quality management as stated on page I-24 of
this plan.
Implementation: The city will review all local ordinances to determine what, if any,
revisions should be made to reduce the potential for impairment of water quality.
Such revisions may include but not necessarily be limited to:
— Reduction of the construction of impervious surfaces
— Provision of vegetative buffers along estuarine shorelines
— Allowing or requiring strip paving
-- Requiring retention and/or detention pond facilities
Schedule: FY1999/01.
D. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Community Attitude Toward Resource Production
Boiling Spring Lakes desires to accomplish resource production and management which is
consistent with the city's zoning and subdivision ordinances and the policies contained in this plan.
While there are no state -defined areas of environmental concern, the city desires to preserve its
pocosins, lakes, and floodplain areas.
Recreation Resources (issue discussed pages I-20, I-36, and II-5)
Policy: The city supports preservation and expansion of its recreational facilities.
Implementation:
(a) The city will continue to enforce Sec. 17-144 of the city's zoning ordinance
which requires all planned residential development adjoining water areas to
make provisions for public access.
(b) The city will pursue contributions of land from the Reeves -Telecom
Corporation to be preserved as conservation and open space areas.
(c) On all small lakes, drainage easements will be maintained and utilized to
provide public access to the lakes.
(d) Boiling Spring Lakes will refine existing zoning and related ordinances to
provide a more unified waterfront development character, preserve and make
maximum use of existing natural areas and green spaces, minimize impacts of
natural hazards, and preserve public access to all lakes.
Schedule: Continuing activities.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-8 I
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(e) The city will develop a long-range comprehensive recreation plan. The plan
will focus on establishing additional park areas and organized year-round
recreation programs.
Schedule: FY2000/01.
Off -Road Vehicles (issue discussed page I-28)
IPolicy: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports regulation of off -road vehicles.
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Implementation: Off -road vehicle use which is consistent with the Boiling Spring
Lakes City Ordinance, Chapter 15, may be allowed.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Productive Agricultural Lands (issue discussed page I-48)
Policy: There are no productive agricultural lands located in Boiling Spring Lakes. The soils
which have the greatest agricultural potential have been committed to development.
However, where agricultural production is occurring within Boiling Spring Lakes'
jurisdiction, the city supports and encourages use of the U.S. Natural Resources
Service Best Management Practices program to protect productive agricultural lands.
Implementation: The city will rely on private farming operations to support this
policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Productive Forest Lands (issue discussed page I-48)
Policy: There are no productive forest lands located in Boiling Spring Lakes. However,
where commercial forest production may occur, the city supports the utilization of the
Forest Best Management Practices Manual, 1989, North Carolina Division of Forest
Resources, for all forestry operations.
Implementation: The city will rely on private forestry operations to implement this
policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Water Resource Areas (issue discussed page I-46)
Policy (a): The lakes are considered a valuable recreational and environmental resource. The city
desires to protect public rights for navigation and recreation and to preserve and
manage the areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, economic and
aesthetic value.
Policy (b): The city will allow the construction of docks and piers which meet the policies of this
plan and the city's zoning ordinance.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-9 '

Implementation: The city will rely on its zoning ordinance and applicable state
regulations to implement these policies.
Schedule: Continuing activities.
Policy (c): The city will object to the designation of Boiling Spring Lake as a public trust area
Implementation: The city will rely on appropriate state agencies to implement this
policy because state agencies are responsible for the designation of waters as public
trust waters.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Note: Water quality policy included on page IV-8.
Aquaculture Activities (issue discussed page I-49)
Policy (a): Boiling Spring Lakes encourages all aquaculture activities which meet applicable
federal, state, and local policies and permit requirements. However, Boiling Spring
Lakes reserves the right to comment on all aquaculture activities which require
Division of Water Quality permitting.
Policy (b): Boiling Spring Lakes objects to any discharge of water from aquaculture activities that
will degrade in any way the receiving waters. Boiling Spring Lakes objects to
withdrawing water from aquifers or surface sources if such withdrawal will endanger
water quality or water supply from the aquifers or surface sources.
Policy (c): Boiling Spring Lakes will support only aquaculture activities which do not alter
significantly and negatively the natural environment of conservation classified areas
as shown on the Land Classification Map.
Implementation: Boiling Spring Lakes will rely on the appropriate state and federal
agencies to implement its aquaculture policies.
Schedule: Continuing activities, FY1997/07.
Residential. Commercial. and Industrial/Development Impacts on Resources (issue discussed pages I-
16/I-20, II-4 and II-5)
Policy: Residential, commercial, and industrial development may be allowed which is
consistent with the city's zoning ordinance and the policies contained in this plan.
High density development may be discouraged in areas containing hydric soils and in
rural classified areas. Development may be prohibited in conservation areas including
shoreline areas which may be subject to flooding. However, this policy shall not
apply to docks, piers, bulkheads, other shoreline stabilization structures, and water
access facilities.
Implementation: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will rely on its zoning ordinance
to enforce this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-10 I
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IE. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
Community Attitude Toward Economic and Community Development
Boiling Spring Lakes desires to maintain its residential character. Commercial and light
industrial development will be limited and tightly controlled. Conservation areas will be protected
through enforcement of the city's zoning and subdivision ordinances. Densities will be limited to
those defined in the land classification section. Those densities are consistent with the City of Boiling
Spring Lakes zoning ordinance.
Water Supply (issue discussed pages I-29 and II-7)
Policy: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will support construction of a central water system
as soon as it is economically feasible.
Implementation: A voter referendum on construction of a central water system may
be conducted in November, 1998. If voter approved, the city may apply for available
sources of state and federal funds to aid in construction of the system.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Sewer System (issue discussed pages I-29 and II-8)
Policy (a): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will support the results of the regional sewer study
conducted by Brunswick County and the Town of Long Beach, completed July, 1997.
Policy (b): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the construction of a sewage collection
system throughout the city.
Implementation: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will implement policies (a) and (b)
by pursuing all available sources of local, state, and federal funding.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Stormwater (issue discussed page I-29)
Policy (a): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will support projects and local land use development
controls to eliminate stormwater drainage problems throughout its planning
jurisdiction, especially in those areas discussed in Section I.D.3 Drainage, pages I-
29/I-32.
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Policy (b): The city will support mitigation of negative impacts of stormwater runoff on all
conservation classified areas.
Policy (c): Boiling Spring Lakes supports the policy that all North Carolina Department of
Transportation projects should be designed to limit to the extent possible stormwater
runoff into estuarine/public trust waters.
Policy (d): It is the policy of the city of decrease problems associated with large quantities of
stormwater runoff.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-11 '

Implementation:
(a) The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will cooperate with the NCDOT, the N.C.
Division of Water Quality, and other state agencies in mitigating the impact
of stormwater runoff on all conservation classified areas. The city may
support the. Division of Water Quality stormwater runoff retention permitting
process through its zoning permit system and subdivision approval process.
(b) The city may apply for all available state and federal grant funds and utilize
Powell Bill funds to improve stormwater drainage systems associated with
existing rights -of -way.
(c) The city will seek the cooperation of the Reeves -Telecom Corporation to
develop an agreement/solution to facilitate street maintenance on streets along
which the corporation owns the drainage easements leading into the streets.
(d) The city will continue to implement its master drainage plan.
Schedule: Continuing activities, FY 1997/07.
(e) The city will revise its subdivision ordinance to control stormwater runoff in
new subdivisions through a combination of lot size, impervious surfaces
limits, and on -site retention of stormwater runoff.
Schedule: Revise subdivision ordinance, FY1999/00.
Solid Waste (issue discussed page I-32)
Policy (a): The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports a regional multi -county approach to solid
waste disposal.
Policy (b): Boiling Spring Lakes supports efforts to recycle and reduce waste.
Implementation: The city will cooperate with any efforts to educate people and
businesses on waste reduction and recycling. Boiling Spring Lakes vigorously
supports recycling by its residents and businesses and supports setting up practical
collection methods and education efforts to achieve a high degree of city-wide
recycling. ,
Schedule: Continuing activities, FY1997/07.
Policy (c): Boiling Spring Lakes supports the siting of recycling centers within all land '
classifications except those within the conservation category. This should be
implemented through a revision to the city's zoning ordinance. r
Implementation: The city will consider revising its zoning ordinance to implement
this policy.
Schedule: The city may amend its zoning ordinance in FY1999/00.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-12 '

IEnergy Facili Siting and Development (issue discussed page I-35)
Policy (a): Boiling Spring Lakes supports responsible and environmentally safe expansion of
public and private energy production and distribution facilities.
Implementation:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will review proposals for development or expansion of
electric generating plants within its vicinity on a case -by -case basis, judging
the need for the facility against all identified possible adverse impacts. The
city reserves the right to comment on the impacts of any energy facility
construction or expansion within southeast Brunswick County.
i(b)
In the event that offshore oil or gas is discovered, Boiling Spring Lakes
supports and requests full disclosure of development plans, with mitigative
measures that may be undertaken to prevent adverse impacts on the
environment, the infrastructure, and the social systems of Brunswick County.
Boiling Spring Lakes also requests full disclosure of any adopted plans.
Offshore drilling and development of onshore support facilities in Brunswick
County may have severe costs for the city and county as well as advantages.
The costs must be borne by the company(ies) with profit(s) from offshore
drilling and onshore support facilities.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes supports the establishment/acquisition of easements by
CP&L for utility line extensions.
Schedule: Continuing activities.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas (issue discussed page II-10)
Policy: There are no redevelopment issues facing Boiling Spring Lakes during the planning
period. The only issue may be reconstruction following a hurricane or other natural
disaster. The city may allow the reconstruction of any structures demolished by
natural disaster when the reconstruction complies with all applicable local, state, and
federal regulations. However, reconstruction cannot be more intense than that which
previously existed.
Implementation: This policy will be implemented by the City of Boiling Spring Lakes
zoning ordinance.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Types and Locations of Desired Industry (issue discussed pages 1-20 and II-4)
Policy: Only light industries as defined by the Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance will be
allowed. The city may permit any industrial development which will not adversely
affect the natural environment or the quality of established residential area. In
addition, the following industrial development policies will apply:
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-13

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(a) Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare,
noise, and vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous products such as
explosives, should not be located in Boiling Spring Lakes.
(b) Industrial development and/or industrial zoning should not infringe on established
residential development.
Implementation: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will rely on its zoning ordinance
to enforce this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Commitment to State and Federal Pro rg ams (issue discussed - numerous references to state and federal
programs throughout the plan)
Policy: Boiling Spring Lakes will be receptive to and support all state and federal funding
programs which are beneficial to the city.
Implementation: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes Board of Commissioners may
pursue funding and project development through the following state and federal
programs: N.C. Department of Transportation road and bridge improvement
programs; drainage planning and erosion control activities carried out by the Natural
Resources Conservation Service, which is valuable to farmers; dredging and channel
maintenance by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; federal and state projects which
provide efficient and safe boat access for sport fishing; and community development
block grants, low -to -moderate income housing, housing rehabilitation, housing for the
elderly, and N.C. Housing Finance Agency housing improvement programs.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Assistance in Channel Maintenance I
This issue has no direct impact on Boiling Spring Lakes; therefore, a policy is not required.
Assistance in Interstate Waterways I
This issue has no direct impact on Boiling Spring Lakes; therefore, a policy is not required.
Tourism (issue discussed page I-13)
Policy: Boiling Spring Lakes views tourism as a significant contributor to the local economy
and supports continued development of the tourism industry.
Implementation
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will support North Carolina Department of
Transportation projects to improve access to southeastern Brunswick County.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will support projects that will increase public access to
shoreline areas.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-14 ,
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(c) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to support the activities of the North
Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of
tourism -related industry, efforts to promote tourism -related commercial
activity, and efforts to enhance and provide shoreline resources.
' Schedule: Continuing activity.
Transportation (issue discussed pages I-34 and II-9)
Policy: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports transportation improvements which will
improve highway safety, regional accessibility, and traffic flow within the city's
planning jurisdiction.
Implementation
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes supports construction of the following projects:
NC 133 Town Creek, Replace Bridge No. 61
Year 2000
NC 133 Allen Creek, Replace Bridge No. 56
Year 2000
US 421/NC 211 Southport, construct a 180' "river class"
Year 2000
ferry
NC 87, NC 133, and Intersection of NC 87, NC 133, and Sunny
Identified Future Need
Access Road Point Access Road. Realign NC 87 to
become through movement and install
traffic signal
New Route NC 211/NC 133 to NC 87 at SR 1524,
Right-of-way
construct a two-lane connector on new
location
acquisition 2003
New Route SR 1104 (Beach Drive) to NC 211, widen
Right-of-way
SR 1105 (Middleton Avenue), SR 1104 to
acquisition 1999
SR 1190, replace Bridge No. 206 over
Davis Creek, and construct a two-lane
facility from SR 1105 to NC 211 on new
location
SR 1500 (Midway NC 211 to US 17 Bypass. Upgrade
Right-of-way
Road) and SR 1401 roadway to 24 feet, construct paved
acquisition 2002
(Galloway Road) shoulders, and improve intersection at
SR 1500, SR 1401, and US 17 Business
US 17* Wilmington Bypass, US 17 south of NC 87
Construction 1998-2003
in Brunswick County to I-40 in New
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Hanover County. Four -lane divided
freeway on new location.
*Indicates Intrastate project.
In addition, Boiling Spring Lakes has submitted two requests
to Brunswick County
for inclusion on the county -wide thoroughfare plan. These improvements include the
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extension of Cougar Road to NC 133 and the extension of West Boiling Springs Road
to Lewis Loop Road which in turn connects to Midway Road.
Section IV: Policy Statements
IV-15

Schedule: Implement as funding becomes available.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will periodically review local ordinances relating to
speed limits and traffic flow with the goal of reducing congestion and risk in
unsafe areas.
Schedule: 1997/02. ,
Land Use Trends
No major changes in land uses or trends will occur during the planning period. Boiling Spring
Lakes will continue to be a predominantly residential community with very limited commercial or
industrial development.
F. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
As the initial step in the preparation of this document, Boiling Spring Lakes prepared and
adopted a "Public Participation Plan. " The plan outlined the methodology for citizen involvement (see
Appendix III). Public involvement was to be generated through public information meetings,
advertising in local newspapers, and establishment of a land use planning advisory committee to work
with the Board of Commissioners and Planning Board on the development of the plan.
A public information meeting was conducted at the outset of the project on July 30, 1997, at
7:00 p.m., at Boiling Spring Lakes City Hall. Subsequently, meetings of the Planning Board and
Advisory Committee were held on August 28, 1997; September 22, 1997; October 27,1997;
November 24, 1997; January 26, 1998; April 27, 1998; and May 26, 1998. All meetings were open
to the public. The Planning Board conducted a public information meeting for review of and comment
on the plan on June 23, 1998. The meeting was advertised in the State Port Pilot.
The preliminary plan was submitted to the Division of Coastal Management for comment on
July 22, 1998. Following receipt of DCM comments, the plan was amended, and a formal public
hearing on the final document was conducted on December 15, 1998. The public hearing was
advertised in the State Port Pilot on November 11, 1998. The plan was approved by the Boiling
Spring Lakes Board of Commissioners on December 15, 1998, and submitted to the Coastal Resources
Commission for certification. The plan was certified on March 26, 1999.
Citizen input will continue to be solicited, primarily through the Planning Board, with
advertised and adequately publicized public meetings held to discuss special land use issues and to keep
citizens informed. I
G. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY,
AND EVACUATION PLANS
The purpose of this section of the 1997 CAMA Land Use Plan is to assist the City of Boiling
Spring Lakes in managing development in potentially hazardous areas through establishing storm
hazard mitigation policies and to reduce the risks associated with severe storms and hurricanes by
developing post -disaster reconstruction/recovery policies.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-16 '

The following pages will present the storm hazard mitigation and post -disaster recovery
policies, along with appropriate discussions and maps. This plan was updated following the 1996
hurricanes. The plan has been well received and the city desires to continue to utilize the same plan.
Map 4, page I-40, is included to indicate the potential impact of flooding on existing land uses.
As stated in the flood hazard areas section of this plan, there is no existing development located in
flood hazard areas. The flood zone areas remain undeveloped and are AEC areas.
1. Storm Hazard Mitigation: Discussion
Hazard mitigation, or actions taken to reduce the probability or impact of a disaster could
involve a number of activities or policy decisions. The starting point, however, is to identify the types
of hazards (including the relative severity and magnitude of risks), and the extent of development
(including residential, commercial, etc.) located in storm hazard areas.
Hurricanes are extremely powerful, often unpredictable forces of nature. The four causes of
fatalities and property damage are high winds, flooding, wave action, and erosion. Two of these, high
winds and flooding, apply to Boiling Spring Lakes.
a. High Winds
High winds are the major determinants of a hurricane, by definition, i.e., a tropical
disturbance with sustained winds of at least 73 miles per hour. Extreme hurricanes can have
winds of up to 165 miles per hour, with gusts up to 200 miles per hour.
These winds circulate around the center or "eye" of the storm. Although the friction or impact
of the winds hitting land from the water causes some dissipation of the full force, there is still
a tremendous amount of energy left to cause damage to buildings, overturn mobile homes,
down trees and power lines, and destroy crops. Also, tornadoes are often spawned by
hurricane wind patterns. Wind stress, therefore, is an important consideration in storm hazard
mitigation planning.
b. Flooding
The excessive amounts of rainfall and the "storm surge" which often accompany hurricanes
can cause massive coastal and riverine flooding causing excessive property damage and deaths
by drowning. (More deaths are caused by drowning than any other cause in hurricanes.)
Flooding can cause extensive damage in inland areas, since many coastal areas have low
elevations and are located in high hazard or "Zone A" flood areas according to the Federal
Emergency Management Agency maps. Based on flood insurance maps prepared for Boiling
Spring Lakes, approximately 10% of the city's planning jurisdiction is classified as being in
the 100-year "high hazard" flood zone, or Zone A (see Map 4, page I-40). Consideration of
potential flood damage is important to Boiling Spring Lakes's efforts to develop storm
mitigation policies.
C. Policy Statements: Storm Hazard Mitigation
In order to minimize the damage potentially caused by the effects of a hurricane or other major
storm, Boiling Spring Lakes proposes the following policies:
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-17

High Winds I
Boiling Spring Lakes supports enforcement of the N.C. State Building Code. The city will
continue to enforce the State Building Code on wind resistant construction with design
standards of 110 mph wind loads.
Flooding
Boiling Spring Lakes is an active participant in the National Flood Insurance program and is
supportive of hazard mitigation elements. Boiling Spring Lakes is participating in the regular
phase of the insurance program and enforces a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Boiling
Spring Lakes also supports continued enforcement of 404 Wetlands development permit
processes in areas potentially susceptible to flooding. When reviewing development
proposals, the city will work to reduce density in areas susceptible to flooding. In addition,
the city will encourage the public purchase of land in the most hazardous areas. '
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is not subject to substantial hurricane flooding and major
water -related damage which normally accompany major storms. During hurricanes, Boiling Spring
Lakes serves as a refuge area for many beach community residents. In 1989, the city adopted a Flood
Prevention and Protection Ordinance and now participates in the National Flood Insurance Program.
Hurricane force winds could cause significant damage in Boiling Spring Lakes to both
structures and overhead utilities. The city is located in a zone identified by the North Carolina
Building Code as having a reasonable expectation of receiving 100 mph winds during a major
hurricane. The state building code requires that any new structure be designed to withstand 100 mph
winds and that mobile homes be tied down and anchored.
Brunswick County maintains an up-to-date evacuation plan which identifies hurricane
evacuation routes and shelters, evacuation instructions, and anticipated evacuation times for different
severities of storms. The plan was prepared in cooperation with the Brunswick County Civil
Preparedness Agency, the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, and the
Division of Civil Preparedness. The plan has been approved by Brunswick County and the county's
municipalities, including Boiling Spring Lakes.
Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to implement and support the following storm hazard
mitigation, post -disaster recovery and evacuation policies which were included in the 1987 land use
plan:
-- The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the efforts of the Brunswick County
Emergency Management Coordinator to facilitate and encourage the safe evacuation
of vulnerable areas of the county during storm events.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to support the enforcement of the North Carolina
Building Code, particularly the provisions which require construction standards to
meet wind resistive factors, i.e., design wind velocity.
-- City officials will continue to actively participate in various scheduled activities of
coordination between towns in the county for storm preparedness, evacuation, and
post -disaster recovery.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-18

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-- The city will continue to support enforcement of state and federal programs which aid
in mitigation of hurricane hazards, including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404
permit process, FEMA, as well as local ordinances such as zoning and flood damage
prevention regulations.
-- The city will discourage high density development in high hazard areas through
implementation of the city's zoning ordinance. The zoning ordinance contains an
open space district which is a low density zone. This zone may be applied in high
hazard areas and AECs.
— The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the public acquisition of high hazard areas
with state and federal funds when voluntary acquisition can be accomplished. The city
discourages condemnation of land for this purpose.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes supports and implements the city's 1992 Emergency Response
Plan.
Section IV: Policy Statements IV-19

SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
The 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines require that Boiling Spring Lakes must relate the
policies section to the land classification map and provide an indication as to which land uses are
appropriate in each category. The following sections accomplish this comparison.
A. DEVELOPED CLASS
Boiling Spring Lakes' developed classification is divided into the Developed Residential (DR)
and Developed Commercial (DC) categories. The uses allowed in each category are defined in Section
' III: Boiling Spring Lakes Land Classification System. Both developed classifications are intended to
be consistent with the Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance. As shown on the Land Classification
Map (Map 7), the developed classifications include lands which had been subdivided for moderate to
high density development prior to 1997. These classifications should accommodate all growth
anticipated to occur within Boiling Spring Lakes during the planning period. Growth will continue
at moderate to high densities because of the relatively small lot sizes into which most of the city's
' areas have been subdivided. The demand for municipal services will be concentrated within this
classification. The majority of the city's residential, commercial, governmental, utility, service, health
care and industrial uses will be located in the developed classifications.
1 B. RURAL CLASS
The rural class provides lands appropriate for agriculture, forestry, and scattered residential
development. However, scattered public facilities, health care facilities, industrial uses and
commercial uses which are consistent with the city's zoning ordinance are permitted. While municipal
services will be limited, water service may be extended into the rural classification to avert poor water
quality problems. Density will continue to be low. The area should remain in large parcels averaging
five acres or larger in size. Appropriate zoning will be considered by the city on a case -by -case basis.
C. CONSERVATION CLASS
The conservation class is intended to provide for the effective long-term management of the
city's sensitive or irreplaceable fragile and environmentally sensitive areas. The city does not include
any areas of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7H. Specifically, the classification
includes: 404 wetlands, pocosins (Carolina bays) and the 100-year floodplain. Development should
not be permitted in the pocosin areas. Only development which is permitted by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers and allowed by the city's zoning ordinance will be allowed in the 404 wetlands areas.
Development in the 100-year floodplain will be limited to uses which are consistent with the city's
zoning ordinance. The conservation classification will deter development from occurring in
approximately 15 % of the city's total area.
J
ISection V: Relationship of Policies and Land Classifications V-1 I

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1 APPENDIX I
CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES
1992 LAND USE PLAN POLICY STATEMENTS
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION
C RO ECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
' Physical Limitations:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will enforce, through the development and zoning permit process, all
current regulations of the N. C. State Building Code and Brunswick County Health Department
relating to building construction and septic tank installation/replacement in areas with soils
restrictions.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will coordinate all development activity with appropriate county and
state regulatory personnel, and in particular with the Brunswick County Sanitarian.
(c) The city will cooperate with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers in the
regulation/enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit process. Boiling Spring Lakes will pursue
amendments to its zoning ordinance to establish an open space/conservation district to prohibit
development in critical pocosin and 404 wetland areas as shown on the land classification map.
(d) The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will encourage development on non-hydric soils. This will
be accomplished by revising the city's zoning ordinance to allow low density development, one
acre minimum lot size, in all areas having hydric soils.
(e) Boiling Spring Lakes will revise its zoning ordinance to increase the minimum lot sizes in
some of its zoning districts in order to reduce "overloading" of soils having poor conditions for
development and septic tank usage.
(f) The city will revise its subdivision ordinance to require the designation of 404 wetland areas
on all subdivision plats.
Flood Hazard Areas:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to coordinate all development within the 100-year
floodplain with the city's Inspections Department, North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management, FEMA, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to enforce its existing zoning and flood damage
prevention ordinances to control development within flood hazard areas.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes will revise its zoning ordinance to establish the 100-year floodplain
areas as conservation/open space areas and to prohibit development in those areas.
Appendix I 1 '

Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies:
(a) It shall be the policy of Boiling Spring Lakes to conserve its surficial* groundwater resources
by enforcing CAMA and N.C. Division of Environmental Management stormwater runoff
regulations, and by coordinating local development activities involving chemical storage or
underground storage tank installation/abandonment with Brunswick County Emergency
Management personnel and the Groundwater Section of the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management. During the planning period, the city shall review and amend the
local zoning ordinance with regard to underground chemical and gasoline storage regulations to
ensure a minimum of risk to local groundwater resources. Implementation of this policy is
particularly important because of the gharst (limestone) topography which underlies Boiling
Spring Lakes.
(b) In reviews of major development projects and planned residential developments, the city will
encourage the use of environmentally sound package treatment plants and technologically
advanced systems.
(c) Industrial development shall be discouraged from locating in areas particularly susceptible
to groundwater contamination (hydric soils areas). This policy must be implemented through
local controls, in particular, the city's zoning ordinance.
Man-made Hazards:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will support the technical requirements and state program approval for
underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), until such time as the state Division of
Environmental Management is authorized to regulate underground storage tanks under North
Carolina state law.
(b) The city opposes the temporary or permanent storage or disposal of any toxic wastes within
its planning jurisdiction.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes discourages any increase in traffic on the Sunny Point Railroad to serve
either the Sunny Point Military Terminal or the Cogentrix plant located north of Southport.
(d) The city will coordinate and maintain contact with the Brunswick County Emergency
Management Office to ensure safe preparation and evacuation in the event of a disaster at the
CP&L nuclear power plant.
(e) The city will cooperate with management at both the Sunny Point Military Terminal and the
CP&L nuclear power plant to support safe operation at both facilities.
*Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
Appendix I 2 ,
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IStormwater Runoff:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to the protection of
fragile areas and to the provision of clear water for recreational purposes. The city will support
state regulations relating to stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal
Policy 15NCAC2H.001-.1003).
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will seek funding through the coastal management program to conduct
a comprehensive city-wide drainage study. If sufficient funds are not available for a city-wide
' study, the city will seek funding for a study of the most serious problem areas. Emphasis will
be placed on protecting the water quality of the city's lakes.
' (c) Through revisions to its zoning ordinance, the city will increase its minimum lot size to be
applied in areas having poor soil conditions. The city will continue to pursue options which may
be available to encourage the replatting of parcels to create larger lots.
Cultural/Historic Resources: There are no known historically or archaeologically significant sites
in Boiling Spring Lakes. However, Boiling Spring Lakes shall coordinate all housing code
enforcement/redevelopment projects with the N. C. Division of Archives and History, to ensure
that any significant architectural details, buildings, or archaeologically significant sites are
identified and preserved.
' Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas: No industrial development will be allowed in areas
classified as conservation areas. In other areas, only light industrial development will be allowed
which is consistent with the city's zoning ordinance. Allowable industrial uses include the
following: enclosed manufacturing industries, enclosed warehouses or wholesale uses, public
utilities, enclosed service or repair, gas stations, parking, accessory use buildings, and other
industrial uses upon the finding that such use is compatible with those permitted and which will
not be detrimental to other uses within the district or to adjoining land uses.
Miscellaneous Resource Protection: Boiling Spring Lakes will support the construction of
package treatment plants which are approved and permitted by the state Division of
Environmental Management.
If any package plants are approved, Boiling Spring Lakes supports a requirement for a specific
contingency plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance of the plant will be
provided, and detailing provisions for assumption of the ownership of the plant if initial
ownership and operation should fail.
Marina and Floating Home Development.
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the development of any commercial marinas on any lakes
within Boiling Spring Lakes. Commercial marinas are defined as any dock containing more than
ten slips. This will be supported through revisions to the city's zoning ordinance.
(b) Piers may be constructed which are in compliance with the city's zoning ordinance. Piers
may not exceed forty (40) feet in length to ten (10) feet in width. The cross member of a top
' pier may not exceed one hundred fifty (150) square feet. No enclosed structures may be built
on any pier.
' Appendix I 3 ,

Ll
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the construction of any dry stack storage facilities for boats '
associated with or independent of marinas. This policy is supported by the Boiling Spring Lakes
zoning ordinance.
(d) Boiling Spring Lakes will investigate the adoption of an ordinance to regulate the location
of floating homes within its jurisdiction. Presently, floating homes are not an issue or problem
within the city. However, Boiling Spring Lakes discourages the anchoring of floating homes
within its planning jurisdiction.
Bulkhead Construction: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes does not object to bulkhead
construction along lakefront shorelines which is in conformance with the city's zoning ordinance
and 404 wetlands regulations. Bulkheads may be constructed to "retain" previously eroded
property if construction complies with 404 wetlands regulations. It is recognized that bulkhead ,
construction consistent with this policy may result in the loss of some lakes'/waters' shoreline
vegetation.
Sea Level Rise: Due to its elevation above sea level, 40 to 65 feet, sea level rise is not expected '
to be a problem for Boiling Spring Lakes.
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Recreation Resources: '
(a) The city will continue to enforce Sec. 17-144 of the city's zoning ordinance which requires
all planned residential development adjoining water areas to make provisions for public access.
(b) The city will pursue contributions of land from the Reeves -Telecom Corporation to be
preserved as conservation and open space areas.
(c) On all small lakes, drainage easements will be maintained and utilized to provide public
access to the lakes.
(d) The city will develop a long-range comprehensive recreation plan. The plan will focus on '
establishing additional park areas and organized year-round recreation programs.
(e) Boiling Spring Lakes will refine existing zoning and related ordinances to provide a more ,
unified waterfront development character, preserve and make maximum use of existing natural
areas and green spaces, minimize impacts of natural hazards, and preserve public access to all
lakes.
Off -Road Vehicles: Off -road vehicle use which is consistent with the Boiling Spring Lakes' City
Ordinance, Chapter 15, will be allowed.
Productive Agricultural Lands: There are not any productive agricultural lands located in Boiling
Spring Lakes. The soils which have the greatest agricultural potential have been committed to ,
development. However, where agricultural production is occurring within Boiling Spring Lakes'
jurisdiction, the city supports and encourages use of the U.S. Soil Conservation Services Best
Management Practices program to protect productive agricultural lands. I
Appendix I 4 ' '

Productive Forest Lands: There are not any productive forest lands located in Boiling Spring
Lakes. However, where commercial forest production may occur, the city supports the utilization
' of the Forest_ Best_ Management_ Practices_ Manual, 1989, North Carolina Division of Forest
Resources, for all forestry operations.
' Residential. Commercial and Industrial/Development Impacts on Resources: Residential,
commercial and industrial development will be allowed which is consistent with the city's zoning
ordinance and the policies contained in this plan. High density development will be discouraged
in areas containing hydric soils and in rural classified areas. Development will be prohibited in
' conservation areas including shoreline areas which may be subject to flooding. However, this
policy shall not apply to docks, piers, bulkheads, other shoreline stabilization structures and water
access facilities.
Water Resource Areas: There are not any marine resource areas in Boiling Spring Lakes. All
water bodies are fresh water resource areas.
(a) The lakes are considered a valuable recreational and environmental resource. The city
desires to protect public rights for navigation and recreation and to preserve and manage the areas
so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, economic and aesthetic value.
(b) The city will allow the construction of docks and piers which meet the policies of this plan
' and the city's zoning ordinance.
(c) The city will object to the designation of Boiling Spring Lake as a public trust area.
' C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Boiling Spring Lakes desires to maintain its residential character. Commercial and light industrial
' development will be limited and tightly controlled. Conservation areas will be protected and
densities will be limited to those defined in the land classification section. Those densities are
consistent with the City of Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance.
' Water Supply: During the planning period, it will not be economically feasible to develop a
central water system. The city and its residents will continue to rely on individual wells for
' water supply. However, the city will support construction of a central water system as soon as
it is economically feasible.
Sewer System: During the planning period, it will not be economically feasible to develop a
central sewer system. The city will continue to rely on package treatment plants and septic tanks
for sewage disposal. However, the city will support construction of a central sewer system as
soon as it is economically feasible.
Stormwater:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will cooperate with the NCDOT, the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management, and other state agencies in mitigating the impact of stormwater
runoff on all conservation classified areas. The city will support the Division of Environmental
Management stormwater runoff retention permitting process through its zoning permit system.
Appendix I 5 '

(b) The city will attempt to apply for grant funds and utilize Powell Bill funds to improve
stormwater drainage systems associated with existing rights -of -way.
(c) The city will seek the cooperation of the Reeves -Telecom Corporation to develop an
agreement/solution to facilitate street maintenance on streets along which the corporation owns
the drainage easements leading into the streets.
(d) The city will consider adopting a city-wide comprehensive master drainage plan.
Energy Facility Siting and Development: There are no electric generating or other power
generating plants located in or proposed for location within Boiling Spring Lake's planning
jurisdiction.
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will review proposals for development or expansion of electric
generating plants within its vicinity on a case -by -case basis, judging the need for the facility
against all identified possible adverse impacts. The city reserves the right to comment on the
impacts of any energy facility, construction or expansion within southeast Brunswick County.
(b) In the event that offshore oil or gas is discovered, Boiling Spring Lakes supports and requests
full disclosure of development plans, with mitigative measures that will be undertaken to prevent
adverse impacts on the environment, the infrastructure, and the social systems of Brunswick
County. Boiling Spring Lakes also requests full disclosure of any adopted plans. Offshore
drilling and development of onshore support facilities in Brunswick County may have severe costs
for the city and county as well as advantages. The costs must be borne by the company(ies) with
profit(s) from offshore drilling and onshore support facilities.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes supports the establishment/acquisition of easements by CP&L for utility
line extensions.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas: There are not any redevelopment issues facing Boiling
Spring Lakes during the planning period. The only issue maybe reconstruction following a
hurricane or other natural disaster. The city will allow the reconstruction of any structures
demolished by natural disaster when the reconstruction complies with all applicable local, state,
and federal regulations. However, reconstruction cannot be more intense than that which
previously existed. This is governed by the city's zoning ordinance.
Tunes and Locations of Desired Industry: Only light industries as defined by the Boiling Spring
Lakes Zoning Ordinance will be allowed. The city will permit any industrial development which
will not adversely affect the natural environment or the quality of established residential area.
In addition, the following industrial development policies will apply:
(a) Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare, noise, and
vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous products such as explosives, should not
be located in Boiling Spring Lakes.
(b) Industrial development and/or industrial zoning should not infringe on established residential
development.
Appendix I 6 '

iCommitment to State and Federal Programs: Boiling Spring Lakes is generally receptive to state
and federal programs, particularly those which provide improvements to the city. The city will
continue to fully support such programs, especially the following: the North Carolina
Department of Transportation road and bridge improvement programs, the CAMA planning
process, and the Corps of Engineers regulatory and permitting efforts.
Tourism: Boiling Spring Lakes will implement the following policies to further the development
of tourism:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will support North Carolina Department of Transportation projects to
improve access to southeastern Brunswick County.
' (b) Boiling Spring Lakes will support projects that will increase public access to shoreline areas.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to support the activities of the North Carolina Division
' of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of tourism -related industry, efforts to
promote tourism -related commercial activity, and efforts to enhance and provide shoreline
resources.
Transportation:
' (a) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue efforts to obtain rights -of -way from the Reeves -Telecom
Corporation and to obtain drainage easements from the corporation which are adjacent to city
maintained streets.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will periodically review local ordinances relating to speed limits and
traffic flow with the goal of reducing congestion and risk in unsafe areas.
Land Use Trends: No major changes in land uses or trends will occur during the planning
period. Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to be a predominately residential community with
very limited commercial or industrial development.
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
' As the initial step in the preparation of this document Boiling Spring Lakes prepared and adopted
a "Public Participation Plan. " The plan outlined the methodology for citizen involvement. Public
involvement was to be generated through public information meetings, advertising in local
newspapers, and advertised meetings by the Board of Commissioners and Planning Board to work
on development of the plan.
A public information meeting was conducted at the outset of the project on October 28, 1991,
at 7:00 p.m., in the Boiling Spring Lakes Municipal Building. Also, a description of the land
use plan preparation process and schedule was published in the State Port Pilot. Subsequently,
meetings of the Planning Board were held on December 18, 1991; January 30, 1992; and March
' 4, 1992.
All meetings were open to the public. The Planning Board conducted a public information
meeting for review of and comment on the plan on May 26, 1992. The meeting was advertised
in the State Port Pilot.
' Appendix I 7 '

The preliminary plan was submitted to the Coastal Resources commission for comment on June
10, 1992. Following receipt of CRC comments, the plan was amended, and a formal public
hearing on the final document was conducted on December 22, 1992. The public hearing was
advertised in the Morning_Star on November 20, 1992. The plan was approved by the Board
of Commissioners on December 22, 1992, and submitted to the Coastal Resources Commission
for certification. The plan was certified on January 29, 1993.
Citizen input will continue to be solicited, primarily through the Planning Board, with advertised
and adequately publicized public meetings held to discuss special land use issues and to keep
citizens informed.
E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY AND EVACUATION
PLAN
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is not subject to substantial hurricane flooding and major
water -related damage which normally accompany major storms. During hurricanes, Boiling
Spring Lakes serves as a refuge area for many beach community residents.
The 1987 land use plan stated that the city had inquired as to the need to obtain Federal flood
insurance and was informed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency that there is no need
for the city to participate in the program. However, in 1989, the city adopted a Flood Prevention
and Protection Ordinance and now participates in the National Flood Insurance Program.
Hurricane force winds could cause significant damage in Boiling Spring Lakes to both structures
and overhead utilities. The city is located in a zone identified by the North Carolina Building
Code as having a reasonable expectation of receiving 100 mph winds during a major hurricane.
The state building code requires that any new structure be designed to withstand 100 mph winds
and that mobile homes be tied down and anchored.
Brunswick County maintains an up-to-date evacuation plan which identifies hurricane evacuation
routes and shelters, evacuation instructions, and anticipated evacuation times for different
severities of storms. The plan was prepared in cooperation with the Brunswick County Civil
Preparedness Agency, the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, and
the Division of Civil Preparedness. The plan has been approved by Brunswick County and the
county's municipalities, including Boiling Spring Lakes.
Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to implement and support the following storm hazard
mitigation, post -disaster recovery and evacuation policies which were included in the 1987 land
use plan:
-- The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the efforts of the Brunswick County Emergency
Management Coordinator to facilitate and encourage the safe evacuation of vulnerable areas of
the county during storm events.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to support the enforcement of the North Carolina Building
Code, particularly the provisions which require construction standards to meet wind resistive
factors, i.e., design wind velocity.
Appendix I 8 1
1

' -- City officials will continue to actively participate in various scheduled activities of
coordination between towns in the county for storm preparedness, evacuation, and post -disaster
' recovery.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to coordinate all development within the 100-year
floodplain with the city's Inspections Department, North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management, FEMA, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
In addition to these policies, in March, 1992, the Boiling Spring Lakes City Council appointed
' a committee to draft an Emergency Response Plan. The committee included representatives of
the city's Police Department, Boiling Spring Lakes Fire Department, the city's Public Works
Department, Boiling Spring Lakes Rescue Squad, and the City Council.
0
Appendix I 9 1

APPENDIX II
CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES
POLICIES CONSIDERED BUT NOT ADOPTED
C. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICIES
' Physical Limitations
Flood Hazard Areas
' -- The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will preserve/protect its flood hazard areas.
' -- Boiling Spring Lakes desires to minimize the hazards to life, health, public safety, and
development within flood hazard areas.
11
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas
-- The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will support industrial development which may result in
some wetlands loss as allowed through the 404 permit process.
Marina and Floating Home Development
-- Boiling Spring Lakes does not oppose the development of any commercial marinas (open water
or upland) on any lakes within Boiling Spring Lakes. Commercial marinas are defined as any
dock containing more than ten slips.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes does not oppose the construction of any dry stack storage facilities for
boats associated with or independent of marinas.
E. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
Assistance in Channel Maintenance
-- Proper maintenance of channels is very important to Brunswick County because of the
substantial economic impact of commercial fisheries and successful operation of the State Port
at Wilmington. If silt or other deposits fill in the channels, safe and efficient movement of
commercial fishing and transport vessels could be impeded.
Implementation: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will rely on appropriate state and federal
agencies to implement this policy.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Appendix II: Polices Considered But Not Adopted 1 I

Assistance in Interstate Waterways
-- Boiling Spring Lakes supports continued maintenance and protection of the interstate
waterway. The city considers the interstate waterway to be a valuable economic asset for
Brunswick County.
Implementation: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will rely on appropriate state and federal
agencies to maintain the interstate waterways.
Schedule: Continuing activity.
Appendix II: Polices Considered But Not Adopted 2 1

Appendix III
CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
' PREPARATION OF LAND USE PLAN
FISCAL YEAR 1997-98
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has received a FY97-98 Coastal Area Management Act grant
' for the update of its existing Land Use Plan. Adequate citizen participation in the development
of the Plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens
of Boiling Spring Lakes. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program will
be utilized by the city.
' The Planning Board will work with the city's planning consultant to ensure that the final product
will survey existing land use, identify policies, recommend strategies/actions, and identify Areas
of Environmental Concern. The plan will focus on issues expected to occur during the planning
' period, including infrastructure needs, housing needs, transportation planning, and environmental
concerns. A completely new land classification map will be provided. Specifically, the planning
consultant and the Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment of the
following:
-- Establishment of policies to deal with existing and anticipated land use issues.
Preparation of a land classification map.
Preparation of hurricane mitigation and post -disaster recovery plans and policies.
-- Assessment of opportunities for participation in state and federal programs.
-- An updated Land Use Plan based on an effective citizen participation process.
The following schedule will be utilized:
1. July, 1997 -- complete identification of existing land use problems, develop
socioeconomic base data, and review community facilities needs.
2. July 30, 1997 -- The Board of Commissioners and Planning Board will conduct a joint
public information meeting and adopt the Citizen Participation Plan. The meeting will
' be advertised in a local newspaper. The city will specifically discuss the policy
statements contained in the 1992 City of Boiling Spring Lakes Land Use Plan. The
significance of the policy statements to the CAMA land use planning process shall be
described. The process by which the City of Boiling Spring Lakes will solicit the views
of a wide cross-section of citizens in the development of the updated policy statements
will be explained.
' 3. August, 1997 / January, 1998 -- Continue preparation of a draft Land Use Plan and
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conduct meetings with the Boiling Spring Lakes Planning Board.
' 4. February,1998 -- Present complete draft sections of the plan and preliminary policy
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' statements to the Boiling Spring Lakes Planning Board.

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5. April 1, 1998 -- Review draft Land Use Plan with Board of Commissioners, conduct a '
public information meeting for review of the proposed plan, and submit draft of
completed Land Use Plan to the Department of Environment, Health and Natural
Resources staff for review and comment. '
6. Following receipt of Coastal Resources Commission comments (estimate August, 1998)
-- Present proposed Land Use Plan to Board of Commissioners for adoption, and conduct '
a formal public hearing.
All meetings of the City of Boiling Spring Lakes Planning Board and Board of Commissioners ,
at which the update of the Land Use Plan will be discussed will be advertised in a local
newspaper in a non -legal ad section. In addition, public service announcements will be mailed
to local radio stations and posted in the Municipal Building. All meetings will be open to the '
public. The city will encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic, and cultural
viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Boiling Spring Lakes. I
6/6/97
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