Land Use Plan-1992

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CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES, NORTH CAROLINA
1992 LAND USE PLAN
PREPARED FOR
THE CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES, NORTH CAROLINA
BY
HOLLAND CONSULTING PLANNERS, INC.
Adopted by the Board of Commissioners: December 22, 1992
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: January 29, 1993
The preparation of this document was financed in part through
a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office
of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES, NORTH CAROLINA
'
1992 LAND USE PLAN
PREPARED FOR
' THE CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES, NORTH CAROLINA
1 BY
HOLLAND CONSULTING PLANNERS, INC.
1
1
Adopted by the Board of Commissioners: December 22, 1992
1 Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: January 29, 1993
The preparation of this document was financed in part through
1 a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office
of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
1 Atmospheric Administration.

BOILING SPRING LAKES, NORTH CAROLINA
1992 LAND USE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
Page
A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE I-1
B. POPULATION'AND HOUSING I-3
1.
Population
I-3
2.
Housing Characteristics
I-5
3.
Summary
I-7
C. ECONOMY
I-8
D. EXISTING LAND USE
I-13
1.
General Patterns
I-13
a) Residential Land Use
I-15
b) Commercial Land Use
I-15
c) Industrial Land Use
I-15
d) Governmental Land Use
I-15
e) Institutional/Public/Semi-Public Land Use
I-16
f) Open Space and Recreation
I-16
g) Transportation and Public Utilities
I-16
h) Vacant Land
I-17
2.
Land Use Summary
I-17
3.
Development Potential
I-17
4.
Existing Ordinances and Land Use Controls
I-19
5.
Effectiveness of the 1987 Land Use Plan and Policies
I-28
E. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
I-29
1.
Water Supply
I-29
2.
Sewage Disposal
I-29
3.
Drainage
I-29
4.
Solid Waste Disposal
I-29
5.
Police
I-29
6.
Fire
I-30
7.
Administration
I-30
8.
Transportation
I-31
9.
Emergency Services
I-31
10.
Electrical Distribution
I-31
11.
Telephone Service
I-32
12.
Cable Television
I-32
13.
Schools
I-32
14.
Recreation
I-32
15.
Health Services
I-33

Page
F. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY I-34
' 1.
Topography/Geology
I-34
2.
Flood Hazard Areas
I-36
3.
Soils
I-36
4.
Manmade Hazards/Restrictions
I-40
5.
Fragile Areas
I-40
a) 404 Wetlands
I-41
b) Slopes in Excess of 12%
I-42
'
c) Excessive Erosion Areas
I-42
d) Historic and Archaeological Sites
I-42
e) Other Fragile Areas
I-43
' 6.
Areas of Resource Potential
I-43
a) Agricultural and Forest Lands
I-43
b) Public Parks
I-43
' SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
A. PROJECTED DEMAND FOR DEVELOPMENT
II-1
' 1.
Demographic Trends
II-1
2.
Commercial and Industrial Land Use
II-2
3.
Housing Trends
II-4
4.
Public Land Use
II-4
'
5.
Transportation
II-5
6.
Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes
II-5
7.
Summary
II-5
B. PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY II-6
C. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES II-7
D. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION II-7
SECTION III: BOILING SPRING LAKES LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
' SECTION IV: BOILING SPRING LAKES POLICY STATEMENTS
' A. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS IV-1
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT POLICIES IV-5
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY IV-6
' STATEMENTS
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IV-9
E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY IV-10
AND EVACUATION PLAN
SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF BOILING SPRING LAKES POLICIES AND
LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
1

' LIST OF TABLES
Page
' Table 1: Total Population - 1980, 1990 - City of Boiling
Spring Lakes, Brunswick County, North Carolina I-3
' Table 2: Population Characteristics by Age Groups,
City of Boiling Spring Lakes - 1980, 1990 I-3
' Table 3: Change in Population by Sex, Boiling Spring
Lakes, Brunswick County - 1980-1990 I-4
Table 4: Population Change by Race, City of Boiling
Spring
Lakes - 1980, 1990
I-4
Table 5:
Housing Tenure and Vacancy, City of Boiling
'
Spring
Lakes - 1980, 1990
I-5
Table 6:
Residential Building Permits, City of Boiling
' Spring
Lakes - 1985-1991
I-5
Table 7:
Housing Conditions, City of Boiling Spring
' Lakes -
1990
I-6
Table 8:
Mean Household Income, 1989 - Boiling Spring
Lakes,
Brunswick County, North Carolina
I-8
' Table 9:
Labor Force Status - City of Boiling Spring
Lakes,
Brunswick County - 1990
I-8
' Table 10:
Employment by Class of Worker - City of Boiling
Spring
Lakes, Brunswick County - 1990
I-9
' Table 11:
Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Industry,
City of
Boiling Spring Lakes - 1990
I-10
' Table 12:
Poverty Status - City of Boiling Spring
Lakes -
1990
I-10
' Table 13: General Governmental Revenues and Expenditures
by Function, City of Boiling Spring Lakes, 1985-1990 I-12
Table 14: Land Use Acreage by General Zoning Category
' City of Boiling Spring Lakes - 1990 I-13
Table 15: School System Status, Boiling Spring Lakes I-32
' Table 16: City of Boiling Spring Lakes, I-36
Soil Series Characteristics
' Table 17: Total Year -Round Population Projections II-1
Brunswick County, 1990-2000

LIST OF MAPS
Map
1:
Existing Land Use
I-14
Map
2:
Flood Hazard Map
1-37
Map
3:
Soil Conditions
1-38
Map
4:
Land Classification
III-4

I SECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS

ISECTION I: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
IA. ESTABLISHIdENT OF INFORMATION BASE
' This 1992 Land Use Plan Update for the City of Boiling Spring Lakes
is prepared in accordance with requirements of the North Carolina
Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). Specifically, this document
complies with Subchapter 7B, "Land Use Planning Guidelines," of the
' North Carolina Administrative Code, as amended, November 1, 1989.
The land use plan serves to guide the development of a community by
' addressing issues and adopting policies that pertain to that
particular community. Specifically, the land use plan provides the
following:
' 1) an analysis of existing conditions;
2) a projected land development analysis;
3) a summary of public interests and participation;
' 4) a land classification system;
5) a detailed section on policy statements; and
6) an explanation of the relationship of the policies to the
' land classifications.
The Boiling Spring Lakes land use plan update contains a summary of
data collection and analysis, an existing land use map, a policy
' discussion, and a land classification map. It should be noted that
the policy section of the plan is the most important part of the
document. State and federal agencies will use the local land use
' policies in making project consistency, funding, and permit
decisions. The 7B guidelines require that the following issues
must be addressed in the plan:
' 1) Resource Protection
2) Resource Production and Management
3) Economic and Community Development
' 4) Continuing Public Participation
5) Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and
Evacuation Plans
' Listed below are some of the sources and documents utilized during
preparation of this Land Use Plan:
Brunswick County 1987 Land Use Plan Update
City of Boiling Spring Lakes 1986 Land Use Plan Update
-- USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Brunswick County
NCDOT, Planning and Policies Section
City of Boiling Spring Lakes Staff
-- Brunswick County Schools
-- North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management
North Carolina Division of Archives and History
Flood Insurance Study, City of Boiling Spring Lakes
-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes Zoning Ordinance
I-1

-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes Subdivision Ordinance
-- Environmental Impact Statement, Brunswick County
- An Assessment of Maritime Forest Resources on the North
Carolina Coast, November 1988
-- North Carolina Division of Community Assistance
-- North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
-- North Carolina Department of Economic and Community
Development
-- City of Boiling Spring Lakes Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan and
Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan, 1984
-- Brunswick County Thoroughfare Plan
-- Boiling Spring Lakes 1990 Comprehensive Annual Financial
Report
These sources were supplemented by "windshield" surveys conducted in
October, 1991, to obtain data on existing land use patterns and
housing conditions.
I-2

B. POPULATION AND HOUSING
1. Population
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has experienced significant
population growth since 1980. The 1980 census figures indicated a
total population of 998 persons. The 1990 total population was
1,650 persons, an approximate 65% increase. This growth rate is
much higher than the population growth rates of Brunswick County
and North Carolina, which were 43% and 13%, respectively, from
1980-1990. The 1991 Office of State Planning total year round
population estimate for Boiling Spring Lakes was 1,714. Table 1
provides detailed population trends for Boiling Spring Lakes,
Brunswick County, and North Carolina.
Table 1
Total Population - 1980, 1990
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Brunswick County, North Carolina
Numeric
%
1980
1990
Change
Change
'
Boiling Spring Lakes 998
1,650
652
65.3%
Brunswick County 35,777
50,985
15,208
42.5%
North Carolina 6,040,592
6,628,637
588,045
12.7%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
t Boiling Spring Lakes has had a 121% increase in the 65 and
over age group since 1980. The Boiling Spring Lakes percentage of
persons 65 years of age and older was 18.7% in 1990. In compari-
son, the 65 and over age group percentages for the state and
Brunswick County in 1990 were only 12% and 11%, respectively. The
city has traditionally been a retirement -oriented community. Since
1980, however, there has been a trend of in -migration of families
with school age children to the city. In fact, there has been a
45% increase in the 5 to 24 year old age group over the last
decade. See Table 2.
' Table 2
Population Characteristics by Age Group
City of Boiling Spring Lakes - 1980, 1990
# %
Age 1980 1990 Change Change
' Under 5 years 72 99 27 37.5%
5 - 14 years 149 207 58 38.9%
15 - 24 years 127 194 67 52.8%
' 25 - 34 years 136 238 102 75.0%
35 - 44 years 103 224 121 117.5%
45 - 54 years 108 184 76 70.4%
55 - 64 years 163 195 32 19.6%
' 65 and over 140 309 169 120.7%
TOTAL 998 1,650 652 65.3%
' Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
I-3

Boiling Spring Lakes' population composition by sex has
remained relatively constant from 1980 to 1990. During this
period, the city's male population decreased by 2%, while the
female population increased by 2%. There is currently a 49%/51%
male/female ratio. The male/female ratio is consistent with that
of Brunswick County in 1990. Table 3 provides detailed information
on population composition by sex.
Table 3
Change in Population by Sex
Boiling Spring Lakes, Brunswick County - 1980, 1990
Boiling Spring Lakes Brunswick County
1980 1990 1980 1990
% of % of % of % of
Number Total Number Total Number Total Number Total
Male
505
51
807
49
17,619
49 24,934 49
Female
493
49
843
51
18,158
51 26,051 51
Total
998
100
1,650
100
35,777
100 50,985 100
Source:
N.C. State
Data
Center,
Office
of State
Planning.
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has a particularly small
non -white population. The 1980 census data indicated that black
residents comprised only 2.5% of the population, compared to 23%
for Brunswick County. In 1990, the black population had decreased
to 1.9% of the total population, compared to 18% for Brunswick
County. Other non -white races in Boiling Spring Lakes composed
approximately 1% of the total 1990 population. The non -white
population can be expected to remain low in proportion to the total
population in the future. The following table provides detailed
information on racial composition in Boiling Spring Lakes.
Table 4
Population Change by Race
City of Boiling Spring Lakes - 1980, 1990
White
Black
Eskimo, Aleut, or
American Indian
Asian or Pacific Islander
Other Race
Numeric
%
1980
1990
Change.
Change
956
1,600
644
67.6%
24
31
7
29.2 %
9
12
3
33.3 %
5
5
0
-
4
2
-2
-50.0 %
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
I-4

' 2. Housing Characteristics
Since 1980, substantial residential construction growth has
' occurred in Boiling Spring Lakes. The 1980 census reported a total
of 450 dwelling units. The 1990 census indicated an increase of
83%, or 374 additional units since 1980. For comparison purposes,
Brunswick County experienced a 72% increase in residential
' construction over the same period. It should be noted that there
has been a 400% increase in dwelling units used for seasonal or
occasional use since 1980 in Boiling Spring Lakes. See Table 5.
' Table 5
Housing Tenure and Vacancy
City of Boiling Spring Lakes - 1980, 1990
' Numeric %
1980 1990 Change Change
TOTAL UNITS 450 824* 374 83.1%
Total Year Round Units
' Occupied 366 666 300 82.0%
Renter Occupied 55 62 7 12.7%
Owner Occupied 311 604 243 67.3%
Vacant Units 84 158 74 88.1%
' For Sale 5 21 16 320.0%
For Rent 17 15' - 2 -11.8%
Other 42 22 -20 -47.6%
' Seasonal Units 20 100 80 400.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
*For comparison, in January, 1992, Waste Industries provided
' service to 796 residential customers.
' From 1985 to September, 1991, Boiling Spring Lakes has issued
153 building permits for residential homes. See Table 6.
' Table 6 - -
Residential Building Permits
City of Boiling Spring Lakes 1985 1991
# of
Permits Issued
1985-1986 36
' 1986-1987 31
1987-1988 26
1988-1989 23
' 1989-1990 22
1990-Sept. 1991 15
Source: City of Boiling Spring Lakes Building Report Summary
I-5

Approximately 45% of the housing units in Boiling Spring Lakes
are less than 10 years old. Only six homes were built 40 or more
years ago. Mobile homes comprised approximately 39% of the total
dwelling units in 1990. Single-family detached dwelling units
composed 60% of the city's total housing stock in 1990. Table 7
provides detailed information on housing conditions in Boiling
Spring Lakes.
Table 7
Housing Conditions
City of Boiling Spring Lakes - 1990
% of
Condition
and Age
Number
Total
Total Year -Round Units
824
100%
Age
0 - 9 years
374
45.4%
10-19 years
349
42.4%
20-29 years
95
11.5%
30-39 years
0
0%
40 or more years
6
.7%
Condition
Lacking complete
bathroom facilities
0
0%
Lacking complete
kitchen facilities
8
1.0%
Lacking complete
heating equipment
3
.4%
Type
Single family
500
60.7%
Detached
495
60.0%
Attached
5
.7%
Multi -family
3
.4%
2 unit
2
.2%
3 or more units
1
.1%
Mobile home or Trailer (1]
318
38.6%
Other
3
.4%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
(1] Mobile Home or Trailer: Both occupied and vacant mobile homes to
which no permanent rooms have been added. If only a porch or shed
has been added, the unit is counted in this category. Mobile homes
or trailers used only for business purposes or for extra sleeping
space, and mobile homes or trailers for sale on a dealer's lot at the
factory, or in storage, are not counted in the housing inventory. In
the printed reports, this category includes occupied housing units
indicated as "boat, tent, van, etc.," i.e., any occupied units which
do not fit the other listed categories. Houseboats, railroad cars,
campers, and caves used as usual place of residence provide
additional examples. (Source: 1990 Census)
I-6

3. Summary
The following provides a summary of significant demographic and
housing findings:
-- Boiling Spring Lakes experienced a major population
increase from 1980 to 1990 -- 65%. Brunswick County and
North Carolina's percentage increases in population were
43% and 13%, respectively, over the same period.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes had a 121% increase in the 65 year and
older age group from 1980 to 1990.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes has experienced a recent influx of
middle-aged individuals with school -aged children.
-- Substantial residential construction growth has occurred in
Boiling Spring Lakes from 1980 to 1990.
-- There was a 400% increase in housing units held for
seasonal or occasional use from 1980 to 1990.
- Only six homes in Boiling Spring Lakes were built before
1950.
-- Approximately 40% of Boiling Spring Lakes' housing units
are mobile homes. (This includes double -wide mobile homes
but excludes prefabricated homes).
I-7

C. ECONOMY
Boiling Spring Lakes has a relatively strong local economy. The
mean household income is an excellent indicator of a local economy.
The mean household income for Boiling Spring Lakes, as recorded in
the 1990 census, was approximately 29% higher than that of
Brunswick County and 15% higher than that of the state. See Table
8.
Table 8
Mean Household Income, 1989
Boiling Spring Lakes, Brunswick County, North Carolina
1989
Boiling Spring Lakes $38,337
Brunswick County $29,668
North Carolina $33,242
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
In 1990, Boiling Spring Lakes' percentage of unemployed and persons
in the Armed Forces was equivalent to that of Brunswick County at
0.08% and 0.2%, respectively. Boiling Spring Lakes' percentage of
persons not in the labor force was 4% higher than that of Brunswick
County. Individuals not in the labor force are either disabled,
unemployed by choice, or retired. Brunswick County has a higher
percentage of employed persons in the civilian labor force than
Boiling Spring Lakes. Table 9 provides detailed information on
labor force status.
Table 9
Labor Force Status
Persons 16 Years Old and Over
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Brunswick County - 1990
Boilina S-orina Lakes
Labor Force
Armed Forces
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labor Force
TOTAL
Brunswick County
Labor Force
Armed Forces
Civilian Labor Force:
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labor Force
TOTAL
% of t
Male
Female
Total
Total
1
0
1
0.08% '
393
289
682
51.4%
26
24
50
3.8%
223
371
594
44.8% ,
643
684
1,327
100.0%
81 8 89 0.2%
12,522
9,788
750
952
6,100
10,211
19,452
20,959
22,310
55.2% '
1,702
4 .2%
16,311
40.4%
40,412
'
100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning. '
I-8

Boiling Spring Lakes has only approximately 19%
of employed persons
working at governmental jobs, compared to 13% for
Brunswick
County.
Seventy-two (72) percent of employed persons in
Boiling Spring
Lakes are private wage and salary workers. See
Table 10.
Table 10
1990 Employment by Class of Worker
City of Boiling Spring Lakes, Brunswick
County
Boiling Spring Lakes
Brunswick
County
% of
% of
Class Number Total
Number
Total
Private Wage & Salary Worker 494 72.4%
16,974
76.1%
Federal Government Worker 50 7.3%
425
1.9%
State Government Worker 39 5.7%
1,076
4.8%
Local Government Worker 42 6.2%
1,405
6.3%
Self -Employed Worker 55 8.1%
2,283
10.2%
Unpaid Family Worker * 2 0.3%
147
0.7%
Total 682 100.0%
22,310
100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
* Unpaid Family Workers are persons who worked without
pay on a
farm or
in a business operated by a person to whom they are
related by
blood or
marriage. These are usually the children or the wife
of the owner
of a
business or farm. About one -quarter of the unpaid
family workers
are
farm workers.
The majority of employed persons in Boiling Spring Lakes work in
the service industries, approximately 25% (see Table 11). The
construction industry, communications or other public utilities,
and retail trade provide occupations for many Boiling Spring Lakes'
residents as well. There are no industrial sites and limited
commercial buildings in Boiling Spring Lakes. The Boiling Spring
Lakes zoning ordinance includes an industrial district, although no
areas were zoned for industrial use in 1992. Boiling Spring Lakes
does, however, function as a bedroom community for workers employed
in other parts of Brunswick County, so the lack of commercial and
industrial facilities does not have an adverse impact on local
employment. See Table 11 for detailed information on employment by
industry.
I-9

Table 11
'
Employed Persons 16 Years and
Older by Industry
City of Boiling Spring
Lakes - 1990
Number
% of
'
Occupation
Employed
Total
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining
14
2.1%
'
Construction
87
12.8%
Manufacturing:
Nondurable goods
53
7.8%
Durable goods
17
2.5%
'
Transportation
23
3.4%
Communication, other public utilities
86
12.60
wholesale trade
25
3.6%
'
Retail trade
119
17.4%
Finance, insurance, and real estate
20
2.9%
Services:
'
Business and repair services
49
7.2%
Personal, entertainment & recreation
10
1.5%
Professional and related services:
Health services
48
7.0%
'
Educational services
52
7.6%
Other professional and related services
Public administration
17
62
2.5%
9.1%
'
TOTAL EMPLOYED
682
100.0%
Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office
of State Planning.
'
Table 12 indicates that the City of Boiling
Spring Lakes has
a
relatively small portion of individuals
that are considered
to be
below the poverty level. Based on the
number of persons enumerated
'
for poverty status in 1990, only 5% of
the population were con-
sidered to be below 75% of poverty. On
the other hand, 76.8%
of
the population were reported as having
income 200% of the poverty
level and above.
Table 12
Poverty Status
'
City of Boiling Spring Lakes -
1990
% of
,
Income Level
Individuals
Total
Income
below 75% of poverty level
82
5.0%
Income
between
75 and 124% of poverty level
102
6.1%
'
Income
between
125 and 149% of poverty level
36
2.1%
Income
between
150 and 199% of poverty level
166
10.0%
Income
200% of
poverty level and above
1,278
87.8%
'
Total
1,664
100.0%
Source:
N.C.
State Data Center, Office of State Planning.
'
I-10

' Boiling Spring Lakes has a fiscally sound local government. With
the exception of 1987, the city's revenues have exceeded expendi-
tures. The largest source of revenue for the city is taxation,
t while the largest expenditures have been for transportation. Table
13, attached, provides detailed information on the revenues and
expenditures for Boiling Spring Lakes.
' The following provides a summary of significant economic data for
Boiling Spring Lakes.
t -- The mean household income for Boiling Spring Lakes is higher
than that of both Brunswick County and North Carolina.
-- Unemployment in Boiling Spring Lakes is relatively low.
' -- In 1990, 76.8% of the population have incomes which are 2000 of
the poverty level and above; 5% are considered to be below the
tpoverty level.

TABLE 13
General Governmental Revenues and Expenditures By Function
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
1985 - 1990
Revenues
Taxes
Governmental
Fees
Service
Earnings Miscellaneous
Total
1990
388,245
49,776
155,092
1,500
17,868
4,632
617,113
1989
308,144
43,431
157,791
37,490
19,942
3,744
570,542
1988
264,765
39,245
158,075
3,408
11,547
2,888
479,928
1987
193,299
30,596
137,967
137
10,588
1,558
374,145
1986
140,514
51,039
116,753
233
11,390
2,826
322,755
1985
132,275
41,445
140,874
3,172
12,547
1,183
331,496
General
Public
Environmental
Recreational/
Expenditures
Government
Safety
Transportation
Protection
Cultural
Total
H
1
1990
179,755
116,604
206,843
44,470
54,559 **
602,231
1989
117,890
111,407
210,548
63,246
2,311
505,402
1988
118,597
84,011
182,069
16,506
546
401,729
1987
102,030
93,183
175,292
15,262
867
386,634
1986
58,650
76,149
131,343
12,185
1,526
279,853
1985
64,683
80,279
151,703
12,240
6,852
315,757
Source: 1985 - 1990 City of Boiling Spring Lakes, NC, Audited Financial Statements.
*Note: City expenditures exceeded city revenues in 1987.
**$52,000 was budgeted for repairs to the Boiling Spring Lake dam.

D. EXISTING LAND USE
1. General Patterns
The majority of the land in Boiling Spring Lakes remains
undeveloped. Single-family conventional dwellings and mobile
homes* are the dominant land uses. Land devoted to recreational
usage is a small percentage of the city's total land acreage. See
Table 14 for a summary of land use acreage by zoning category.
Table 14
Approximate Land Use Acreage by General Zoning Category
City of Boiling Spring Lakes - 1990
Zoning Category
Acres
Single-family Residential
R-1 to R-5
4,760
R-6
737
R-lA
9,127
Multi -family Residential
0
Commercial
1,850
Institutional
113
Municipal/Utility Service
16
Open Space/Recreation
397
Total Acres
17,000
Source: Boiling Spring Lakes 1987 Land Use Plan & Zoning Map;
1990 update by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Note: Above acreages are estimates because of the scale on Boiling
Spring Lakes' Zoning Map as well as poor line delineation.
The majority of development since 1987 has been single-family
residential conventional "stick built" homes or mobile home place-
ment. This development has occurred mainly in the northeastern and
eastern sections of the city along the Sunny Point Railroad. All
existing land uses are shown on Map 1. Because of the map size and
scale, it is impossible to differentiate between mobile homes and
conventional dwelling units.
*Mobile Home or Trailer: Both occupied and vacant mobile homes to which no
permanent rooms have been added. If only a porch or shed has been added,
the unit is counted in this category. Mobile homes or trailers used only
for business purposes or for extra sleeping space, and mobile homes or
trailers for sale on a dealer's lot at the factory, or in storage, are not
counted in the housing inventory. In the printed reports, this category
includes occupied housing units indicated as "boat, tent, van, etc.," i.e.
any occupied units which do not fit the other listed categories. House-
boats, railroad cars, campers, and caves used as usual place of residence
provide additional examples.
I-13

co�POQp\E�\M\� \"WE
IPA
//ifJj//ii,� '�/�iii►i�i
le�
w
�QSUNNY POINT
RAILROAD
11.1'
' ► ARAPPiiil'- /pfil'I Div
.WMIG LIR1
LEGEND
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION
®
COMMERCIAL
MUNICIPAL
PUBLIC/SEMI-PUBLIC
W
WATER
w
NOTE: On October 8, 1977, the City of Boiling
Spring Lakes established an extraterritorial
jurisdiction area. However, a boundary line was not
mapped and the city has never enforced any land
use related controls within the area.
SUNNY POINT
RAILROAD
NOTE: CORPORATE LIMIT LINE
IS NOT IN EXACT LOCATION.
THIS MAP IS NOT BASED ON A
SURVEY.
The preparation of this map was financed
in parl through a gran) provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
EXISTING LAND USE
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Managemenl Act of 1972,
BOILING SPRING LAKES
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
MAP 1
Managemenl, National Oceanic and
--------
Atmospheric Administration.
0 500 1000 2 00 5000 F1.
m_I-14
SCALE

' a) Residential Land Use
Since 1987, substantial mobile home placement has occurred
' in two specific areas of Boiling Spring Lakes. Medium to high
density mobile home placement has occurred south and north of Fifty
Lakes Drive and immediately east of the Sunny Point Railroad. This
particular development is presently at a density of 1.6 dwelling
units per acre. This section of Boiling Spring Lakes is the most
densely populated area of the city. Slightly lower density mobile
home placement has occurred west of the Sunny Point Railroad and
' immediately north of Boiling Spring Road. Residential density in
this area is approximately 1.3 dwelling units per acre.
' Numerous single-family residential homes are located
adjacent to North and South Shore Drives along the Boiling Spring
Lakes waterfront, adjacent to the fairways of the Fox Squirrel Golf
Course, north of N.C. 133 and east of the Sunny Point Railroad, and
between the Sunny Point Railroad and Elm Street. Other residential
units are scattered throughout the city's developed areas.
b) Commercial Land Use
Except for one retail store, all commercial activity in
Boiling Spring Lakes is centered on N.C. 87. Approximately 1,850
' acres of land north of North Shore Drive and west of N.C. 87 has
been zoned for commercial activity. However, much of this area may
be 404 wetlands. At present, commercial activity in Boiling Spring
Lakes is limited to two real estate companies, three convenience
stores, a motel, an ABC store, a landscaping company, and the golf
course pro shop. The existing commercial activity in Boiling
Spring Lakes is insufficient to provide essential goods and
' services to the city. Residents must presently commute to neigh-
boring communities to satisfy their needs for most goods and
services.
' c) Industrial Land Use
There is no industrial land use located within the City of
Boiling Spring Lakes. The Boiling Spring Lakes' zoning ordinance
does include a light industrial zone. However, no areas have been
zoned for industrial usage.
' d) Governmental Land Use
Governmental land use within the City of Boiling Spring
Lakes includes the City Hall, the Fire and Rescue Buildings, and
the maintenance/material storage yard. All of these structures are
centered along N.C. 87. Governmental land use accounts for approx-
imately 16 acres of land within Boiling Spring Lakes. The city
also owns Boiling Spring Lake, which accounts for an additional 250
acres.
I-15

e) Institutional/Semi-Public Land Use*
Institutional land use in Boiling Spring Lakes includes the
South Brunswick Middle School, the South Brunswick High School, two
churches, and the VFW Post. South Brunswick Middle School and
South Brunswick High School are located on the east side of N.C. 87
at the south end of the city. One church is located immediately
north of the schools on the east side of N.C. 87. The other church
is located beside City Hall on Boiling Spring Road. The VFW Post
is located just north of North Shore Drive on the east side of
N.C. 87. The South Brunswick Middle School and the South Brunswick
High School's location in Boiling Spring Lakes may encourage the
in -migration of younger families with school aged children to the
area. These are attractive, modern educational facilities.
f) Open Space and Recreation
The many lakes in Boiling Spring Lakes, from which the city
derives its name, provide a valuable source of recreation for the
city's residents. In particular, they provide for fishing, boat-
ing, and water sports activity in general. The major lake in the
city is called Boiling Spring Lake, which can be seen from
N.C. 87. The city owns Boiling Spring Lake. Numerous privately -
owned parks are located adjacent to many of the lakes.
The Fox Squirrel Golf Course is a privately -owned 18-hole
course extending throughout the city's residential districts. The
golf course is generally located south of Boiling Spring Lake. The
entire course encompasses approximately 160 acres of land.
A city park is located just east of the City Hall on the
north side of Boiling Spring Road. The park contains tennis and
basketball courts. The city also maintains a boat ramp to Boiling
Spring Lake. The lakes, golf course, and city park account for
approximately 650 acres of land.
g) Transportation and Public Utilities
The road system is discussed in detail 'in the development
constraints section. However, the Reeves-Telecon Corporation, the
developers of most Boiling Spring Lakes subdivisions, has in excess
of 50 miles of dedicated right-of-way which have not been opened.
In addition, the corporation maintains 5.1 miles of opened
rights -of -way. These roads are poorly maintained and are contin-
uing problems for adjacent property owners.
The Sunny Point Railroad runs perpendicular to Boiling
Spring Road along the eastern section of city. Many residents have
chosen to live along the Sunny Point Railroad tracks. While the
railroad has not been a nuisance, hazardous materials, including
explosives, are transported on the railroad to the Sunny Point
Military Terminal.
*Semi -Public land uses are not publiciy owned but are normally open to
the public at large, i.e., a church. Recreational and governmental land
uses are discussed separately.
I-16

' The city does not have a central sewage collection treat-
ment system. Water service is provided by the Brunswick County
Water System to a small area of the city which includes 34 lots.
Carolina Power & Light provides electric service. Telephone
service is provided by Atlantic Telephone Membership Corporation.
Cable service is provided by Vision Cable, Inc.
' h) Vacant Land
Vacant land comprises the largest single land use in
' Boiling Spring Lakes. Practically all of the land west of N.C. 87
remains undeveloped. A large portion of land on the north side of
the city and east of the Sunny Point Railroad remain undeveloped as
' well. It should be noted that approximately 9,000 acres of the
city's vacant land has been subdivided for residential land use.
However, much of the land is 404 wetlands.
2. Land Use Summary
The following summarizes important land use issues in Boiling
Spring Lakes.
-- Traditional single-family residential homes and mobile
homes are the only forms of housing in Boiling Spring
Lakes.
-- The majority of rights -of -way within the city are
unimproved and in poor condition.
-- Substantial residential development and mobile home
placement has occurred along the Sunny Point Railroad.
-- Large areas of subdivided but unimproved properties appear
to be located in 404 wetland areas.
-- Most of Boiling Spring Lakes has been subdivided for
moderate to high density single-family residential
development.
-- There is no central sewage treatment system. All land uses
rely on septic tanks for domestic sewage disposal. (See
Development Constraints section.)
3. Development Potential
Boiling Spring Lakes has the potential for continued residen-
tial development. As residential growth occurs, commercial and
other support activities will continue to develop along the N.C. 87
corridor. The city has been subdivided at a relatively high
density of 4 to 6 residential lots per acre in most areas. This
density should continue. The high density will result in increased
water supply, sewage treatment, and street maintenance problems.
I-17

There are approximately 12,100 lots which have been subdivided.
Of that total, 6,250 or 52% appear to be located in areas having
hydric soils. These areas have a high probability of being classi-
fied as,404 wetlands. These properties may be subject to U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers' 404 wetlands permit requirements and may have
severe limitations for septic tank permitting and subsequent
usage.
Approximately 5,000 vacant lots appear to remain which have
development potential. If all of those lots are developed, Boiling
Spring Lakes could have a total population of approximately 14,560
at build -out.* However, build -out is not expected to occur by the
late 1990s or early 2000s.
The following summarizes the major land use related issues
which will influence Boiling Spring Lakes' development potential:
-- 52% of the city's vacant lots are located in areas having
hydric soils.
-- All sewage treatment is provided by septic tanks.
-- Almost all of the city's water supply is provided by
individual wells.
-- 5,000 vacant lots remain which appear to be suitable for
development.
-- Large numbers of vacant lots exist which do not front on
opened/improved rights -of -way. There are not any bonds or
other guarantees to ensure that these rights -of -way will be
improved.
-- Of the city's total of 113.04 miles of city -maintained
streets, only 18.94% are paved.
-- Many lots have been purchased which will not pass perk
tests for septic tank installation.
-- The subdivision process did not require the reservation of
rights -of -way for major thoroughfare construction.
-- Increasing construction will increase the city's storm
drainage problems.
In summary, slow sustained growth is expected to continue in
Boiling Spring Lakes. This growth will place added pressure on the
city's administration for adequate water and sewer service, street
construction, and street maintenance.
*Based on an estimated average family size of 2.5. The estimate excludes
development of the 6,250 vacant lots which appear to contain hydric soils
and, therefore, are not buildable.
I-18

4. Existincr Ordinances and Land Use Controls
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has an active Planning Board
' which works with the City Council to oversee the city's land use
management program. The city has an extraterritorial jurisdiction
area which was established on October 3, 1977. However, no land
' use related controls of any kind are enforced in the extraterri-
torial jurisdiction area. A zoning ordinance is enforced within
the city limits. A subdivision ordinance was adopted in 1978, but
has not been substantially updated since its adoption. Finally,
' the city does not have a comprehensive master drainage plan or
storm water control ordinance.
The following provides a summary of the city's land use related
codes, ordinances and plans:
Zoning Ordinance
The purpose of the Boiling Spring Lakes' zoning ordinance is
defined as follows: "The purpose of this chapter, regulations
and zoning districts as outlined on the zoning map is to
provide for orderly growth in accordance with a comprehensive
plan; to promote the health, safety, morals and general welfare
of the residents of the city by lessening congestion in the
streets, securing safety from fire, panic and other dangers;
provide adequate light and air; prevent the overcrowding of
land; avoid undue congestion of population; facilitate the
adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, parks,
schools and other public requirements."
The ordinance divides the city into the following zoning
districts:
Residential
R-1
Residential
R-lA
Residential
R-2
Residential
R-3
Residential
R-4
Residential
R-5
Residential
R-6
Commercial
C-1
Commercial
C-2
Light Industry
I-1
Parks & Recreation
P-R
Undeveloped
U
The minimum lot sizes for all residential zones, except R-6, is
set at 10,500 square feet. In the R-6 zone, the minimum lot
size is 5 acres. The majority of the Boiling Spring Lakes
residential areas are zoned R-1 or R-2.
The zoning ordinance is administered by the City Council with
the advisory counsel of the Planning Board.
I-19

Subdivision Ordinance
The city's subdivision ordinance was adopted in 1978. The
purpose of the ordinance is defined as follows: "The purpose
of this chapter is to support and guide the proper subdivision
of land within the jurisdiction of the city in order to promote
the public health, safety and general welfare of the citizens
of the city. This chapter is designed to promote the orderly
development of the city; for the coordination of streets and
highways within proposed subdivisions with existing or planned
streets and highways and with other public facilities; for the
dedication or reservation of rights -of -way or easements for
street and utility purposes; and for the distribution of
population and traffic, which shall avoid congestion and over-
crowding and which will create conditions essential to public
health, safety and the general welfare. This chapter is
designed to further facilitate adequate provision for water,
sewerage, parks, schools and playgrounds, and also to facili-
tate the further resubdivision of larger tracts into smaller
parcels of land."
The subdivision ordinance is administered by the City Council
with advisory counsel of the Planning Board.
Flood Prevention and Protection Ordinance
In 1989, the city adopted a flood prevention and protection
ordinance. The following defines the purposes and objectives
of the ordinance:
PURPOSES
(1) Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health,
safety and property due to water or erosion hazards, which
result in damaging increases in erosion or in flood heights
or velocities;
(2) Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facili-
ties which serve such uses, be protected against flood
damage at the time of initial construction;
(3) Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream
channels and natural protective barriers which are involved
in the accommodation of floodwaters;
(4) Control filling, grading, dredging and other development
which may increase erosion or flood damage;
(5) Prevent or regulate the construction of flood carriers
which will unnaturally divert floodwaters or which may
increase flood hazards to other lands.
I-20

' OBJECTIVES
(1) Protect human life and health;
' (2) Minimize the expenditure of public money for costly flood
control projects;
' (3) Minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated
with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the
general public;
' (4) Minimize prolonged business interruptions;
(5) Minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as
water.and gas mains, electric, telephone and sewer lines,
and streets and bridges located in floodplains;
(6) Help maintain a stable tax base by providing forthe sound
' use and development of floodprone areas in such a manner as
to minimize future flood blight areas; and
' (7) Insure that potential home buyers are notified that property
is in a flood area.
' The ordinance adopts as areas of special flood hazard the flood
hazard areas identified by the Federal Insurance Administration
in its Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) #370453, dated
December 15, 1990, and any subsequent revisions thereto. The
' city's building inspector is designated as the local adminis-
trator of the ordinance.
' Building Code Regulations
The city's buildings and building regulations provide for the
' following:
(1) The location, design, materials, equipment, construction,
reconstruction, alteration, repair, maintenance, moving,
' demolition, removal, use and occupancy of every building or
structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such
building or structure;
' (2) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and
maintenance of plumbing systems consisting of house sewers,
building drains, waste and vent systems, hot and cold water
supply systems, and all fixtures and appurtenances thereof;
(3) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and
' maintenance of mechanical systems consisting of heating,
ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration systems,
fuel -burning equipment and appurtenances thereof; and
' (4) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and
maintenance of electrical systems and appurtenances
thereof. .
' I-21

The ordinance adopts in their entirety the North Carolina State
Building Code, North Carolina Plumbing Code, North Carolina
Heating Code, North Carolina Electrical Code, and the North
Carolina Uniform Residential Building Code.
The city building inspector is designated to enforce all of the
city's building regulations.
Feasibility Study for Water Distribution System, June 27, 1989
In January, 1981, the City of Boiling Spring Lakes prepared the
first municipal water system economic feasibility study. The
initial report evaluated the economic feasibility of developing
a city-wide water system. However, a city-wide system was
determined to be economically unfeasible. An addendum to the
initial report was prepared in July, 1981, to assess the feasi-
bility of a water system for portions of the city with water
supplied by the Brunswick County Water System. The option of
servicing only a portion of the city was found to be poten-
tially feasible if a State of North Carolina Clean water bond
grant and a Farmers' Home Administration grant and/or loan were
available.
In June, 1989, the city undertook a second comprehensive
analysis of the economic feasibility of constructing a city-
wide water distribution system. Again, the construction of a
city-wide system was found economically unfeasible.
Sinkholes: Plan of Action (1983)
This study was prepared to investigate and recommend short and
long-term courses of action to address the problem of limestone
sinkholes. The study focused on the problems which the sink-
holes were causing for railroad and dam maintenance. The study
included alternative actions to alleviate the problem.
Subsequent to the report in 1985-1986, the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers constructed a land bridge across a portion of Boiling '
Spring Lakes above the dam and railroad. It appears that this
action has stopped the development of sinkholes in the area of
the land bridge.
1987 City of Boiling Spring Lakes Land Use Plan
The existing Boiling Spring Lakes land use plan was certified ,
by the Coastal Resources Commission on December 4, 1987. The
plan fully complied with the planning requirements as set forth
in 15A NCAC 7B. There are not any areas of environmental ,
concern as defined by 15A NCAC 7B located in Boiling Spring
Lakes. Therefore, the plan did not address standards for areas
of environmental concern as set forth in 15A NCAC 7B.
The following provides the 1987 policy statements. The actual ,
plan included specific implementing actions for each policy.
The plan should be reviewed to obtain the specific implementing ,
I-22

The 1987 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines specified the five
general land use classifications of: Developed, Transition,
Community, Rural, and Conservation. The areas of Boiling
Spring Lakes were classified in one of the following
classifications:
DEVELOPED: The purpose of this land classification is to
provide for continued intensive development and redevelopment
of existing cities.
According to CAMA guidelines, "areas meeting the intent of
the developed classification are currently urban in
character where minimal undeveloped land remains and have
in place, or are scheduled for the timely provision of, the
usual municipal or public services. Urban in character
includes mixed land uses such as residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional, and other uses at high to
moderate densities. Services include water, sewer, recre-
ational facilities, streets and roads, police and fire
protection. In some instances, an area may not have all
the traditional urban services in place, but if it other-
wise has a developed character and is scheduled for the
timely provision of these services, it still meets the
intent of the developed classification. Areas developed
for predominately residential purposes meet the intent of
this classification if they exhibit existing high to
moderate densities such as:
(i) a density at or approaching 500 dwelling units per
square mile; or
(ii) a density of 3 or more dwelling units per acre; or
(iii) a majority of lots of 15,000 square feet or less,
which are provided or scheduled to be provided with
the traditional urban services; and/or
(iv) permanent population densities approaching or
exceeding 2,000 persons per square mile and the
seasonal population may swell significantly."
It is the intent of the Boiling Spring Lakes Land Use Plan
that those high ground areas that are already disturbed or
occupied with various types of residential and commercial
activities should be designated as developed for land
classification purposes. Under the above stated CAMA
definition, the characteristic that most closely applies to
Boiling Spring Lakes is that the majority of lots in the
city are less than 15,000 square feet and are currently
provided with traditional urban services, including:
street maintenance, garbage collection, municipal recre-
ation facilities, and police and fire protection. While
centralized water and sewer are not currently available to
the vast majority of residences and businesses in the
community, the city continues to explore the provision of
such services, including a potential tie-in to the county-
wide water system.
I-26

' 2.3.5 Considering all the needs of Boiling Spring Lakes,
the limited financial resources available, and the
potential for long-term positive impact, wastewater
' treatment shall be the top priority for funding
through state and federal programs.
' 2.3.6 The siting of energy facilities within the corporate
limits of Boiling Spring Lakes will be acceptable
only if it can be demonstrated that such facilities
will not be disruptive to the desired character of
' development in the community and the quality of life
provided by its natural amenities.
' 2.3.7 The city shall seek to minimize adverse impacts of
lakefront development to insure reasonable access,
and to develop for public purposes its areas suit-
able for recreational activities.
2.3.8 The city recognizes the need for a variety of
housing types which do not negatively or adversely
' affect conventional single family housing types, and
shall therefore continue to encourage a variety of
housing types at specific locations.
' 2.3.9 It is the policy of Boiling Spring Lakes to encour-
age and permit only those commercial activities
which complement a low to moderate density residen-
tial community.
2.3.10 The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the devel-
opment control provided by land use and building
ordinances, and is committed to the proper enforce-
ment of officially adopted ordinances.
' 2.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
' 2.4.1 It is the policy of Boiling Spring Lakes to welcome
and solicit the public's involvement in regard to
the city's business on a continuing basis.
' 2.5 STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY, AND
EVACUATION PLAN
' 2.5 The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the
efforts of the Brunswick County Emergency Management
Coordinator to facilitate and encourage the safe
' evacuation of vulnerable areas of the county during
storm events.
2.6 Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to support the
enforcement of the North Carolina Building Code,
particularly the provisions which require construc-
tion standards to meet wind resistive factors, i.e.,
' design wind velocity.
I-25

2.1.7 Stormwater runoff and drainage from development or
other activities shall be of a quality and quantity
as near to predevelopment conditions as possible.
2.1.8 Future industrial development shall be discouraged
from locating in areas of the city considered to be
fragile, including unique natural areas, and areas
particularly susceptible to groundwater
contamination.
2.2 RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
2.2 The potential productivity of land areas located
within the City of Boiling Spring Lakes for
agricultural use, commercial forestry, mineral
production, and fisheries resource development shall
be preserved for future generations through
protection of the unique natural ecosystems upon
which they depend. The future development of any
such productive resource shall only be permitted
when such development is considered compatible with
the desired character of the community.
2.3 ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
POLICIES
2.3.1 The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports and
encourages the development of clean, light industry
on environmentally suitable sites within the
community. New industrial development should have
sufficient physical separation from existing or
potential future residential areas, achieved by
appropriate buffering or the placement of appro-
priate commercial and office transitional uses on
intervening lands.
2.3.2 It is the policy of Boiling Spring Lakes to provide
basic municipal services required of an urban
settlement pattern when such provision can be made
at costs within the reasonable financial capability
of the city. The city shall remain open to the
possibility of intergovernmental cooperation agree-
ments for all services.
2.3.3 The City of Boiling Spring Lakes wishes to retain
its identity as a primarily low to moderate density
community. The heart of the community's growth
pattern should continue to be reinforced on NC 87
near the site of the present city hall.
2.3.4 The City of Boiling Spring Lakes shall be supportive
of all efforts to combine existing smaller lots into
larger lots more suitable for development.
I-24

I
actions. Copies of the plan may be obtained at the Boiling
Spring Lakes Municipal Building.
' 2.1 RESOURCE PROTECTION
2.1.1 It shall be the policy of Boiling Spring Lakes to
' protect its groundwater resources and aesthetic
environment for present and future generations by
thoroughly considering soil limitations and the
required modifications for various uses.
' 2.1.2(a) The city shall seek to minimize adverse impacts
of lakefront development, to insure reasonable
' access, and to develop for public purposes its areas
suitable for recreational activities.
2.1.2(b) The city encourages and requests that private
property owners disturb only that area of their lot
required for buildings, access, parking, water
supply, waste disposal, and other normal require-
ments. The city wishes to retain a wooded appear-
ance if possible.
2.1.3(a) The city supports the policies and regulations of
' the U.S. Corps of Engineers as it seeks to protect
and conserve officially designated wetland areas
under the "404" permit program. The city will make
' every attempt to preserve, in their natural state,
any fragile areas in which threatened or endangered
species occur.
2.1.3(b) The city supports the identification and preser-
vation of cultural and historic resources within the
city limits.
' 2.1.3(c) Considering the inherent hazards involved in the
operation of the railroad, the munitions terminal,
' and the nuclear powered plant, the city shall seek
information and cooperate to the maximum extent
possible with the management of each of these
facilities to insure safe operation and to minimize
' the risk.
2.1.5 In recognition of the city's role as a primary
' aquifer recharge area, the city will remain watchful
of the potential adverse impacts of new development
upon the groundwater resource.
' 2.1.6 The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the use of
package sewage treatment plants when such facilities
are properly designed, located, and when there is
' assurance of continued proper operation.
I-23

' TRANSITION: The purpose of the transition class is to
provide for future intensive urban development within the
ensuing ten years on lands that are most suitable and will be
' scheduled for provision of necessary public utilities and
services.
According to CAMA guidelines, transition areas should
not include "areas with severe physical limitations
which would make the provision of urban services difficult
or impossible, lands which meet the definition of
conser-vation, lands of special value (unless no other alternative
exists) such as productive and unique agricultural lands,
forest lands, potentially valuable mineral deposits, water
supply watersheds, scenic and tourist resources including
' archaeological sites, habitat for important wildlife
species, areas subject to frequent flooding, areas impor-
tant for environmental or scientific values, lands where
' urban development might destroy or damage natural systems
or processes of more than local concern, or lands where
intense development might result in undue risk to life and
' property from natural or existing manmade hazards."
For Boiling Spring Lakes, transition lands have been iden-
tified for certain relatively high ground areas immediately
' adjacent to existing developed areas in the city. No
transition areas have been designated for land areas
adjacent to the existing rail line (which may be considered
a potential manmade hazard) or for lands falling within
Carolina Bays (which may be considered environmentally
sensitive). Upon the establishment of centralized water
and sewer facilities in the community, it is the intent of
' the city to provide services to transition as well as
developed areas.
RURAL: The purpose of the rural class is to provide for
agriculture, forest management, mineral extraction, and other
low intensity uses. Residences may be located within "rural
' areas" where urban services are not required and where
natural resources will not be permanently impaired.
For Boiling Spring Lakes, rural lands encompass most of the
' outlying areas of the city. Rural areas typically have wet
soils and are relatively inaccessible via paved roads.
Residential development densities are very low, if present
' at all. These are the land areas of the community in which
the city does not envision an urban level of development
occurring in the next five to ten years. Upon establish-
ment of centralized water and sewer in Boiling Spring
Lakes, rural areas would not likely receive such services
due to the economic inefficiency of such service
extensions.
I-27

Appropriate uses of land in developed, transition, and rural
areas are identified in the city's land use control
ordinances (zoning, subdivision regulations, and a mobile
home ordinance). Generally, a variety of commercial,
institutional, and recreational uses are permitted.
CONSERVATION: The purpose of the conservation class is to
provide for effective long-term management of significantly
limited or irreplaceable areas. This management may be
needed because of the natural, cultural, recreational,
productive or scenic values of these areas. The conservation
class should be applied to lands that contain: major
wetlands, essentially undeveloped shorelands that are unique,
fragile, or hazardous for development; necessary wildlife
habitat or areas that have a high probability for providing
necessary habitat conditions; publicly owned water supply,
watersheds and aquifers; and forest lands that are undevel-
oped and will remain undeveloped for commercial purposes.
For Boiling Spring Lakes, conservation lands are the lakes
and connecting wetlands of the community. Also included by
general reference, but not necessarily mapped, are isolated
pockets of wetlands. There may be instances, for example,
where an onsite inspection would reveal the need for a
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' wetland permit (404) which
would be beyond the jurisdiction of the city. Since these
areas are site specific, they are not mapped as conserva-
tion. Appropriate development standards of the U.S. Corps
of Engineers would be applicable.
5. Effectiveness of the 1987 Land Use Plan and Policies
The 1987 land use plan and its policies were not as effectively
implemented as the city desired. In particular, the city failed to
implement the following:
-- Development of a city-wide storm water control ordinance.
-- Combining existing smaller lots into larger lots which
would be more suitable for development. This was not
accomplished because it was an unrealistic goal which could
not be achieved.
-- Developing a central sewage collection and treatment
system.
-- Developing a central water supply system.
Policies addressing these areas must be supported through local
initiatives and controls. In most cases, such local action did not
occur. This was due to fiscal constraints and not a lack of
interest by the city. Finally, many of the policy statements were
broadly constructed, providing little specific direction. While
some specific implementing actions were stated, more detailed
policy statements are needed.
I-28

' E. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PUBLIC FACILITIES
1. Water Supply
' The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is supplied water primarily
from individual wells. However, a section of Northshore Drive,
Windover Road, and Willets Road (section 6) are supplied water by
' the Brunswick County water system. In 1989, a study was prepared
to assess the city connecting to the county water system. The
conclusion was that the city did not have adequate funds to under-
take construction of the system. The city feels that water supply
' is adequate to serve local needs through the planning period.
2. Sewage Disposal
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes does not have a central sewage
system or any package treatment plants. All sewage disposal is
provided by individual septic tanks. The 1989 water system study
' indicated that construction of a central sewer system for the city
would not be economically feasible. There are problems with mal-
functioning tanks in areas having hydric or excessively wet soils.
' (See Section F. Development Constraints: Land Suitability.)
3. Drainage
' Sections of Boiling Spring Road near North Lake and areas sur-
rounding Boiling Spring Lake have flooded on two notable occasions.
In the early 1980s, Hurricane Diana and a separate heavy rainfall
' caused serious flooding. The State of North Carolina has installed
a new drainage system under Boiling Spring Road in recent years,
and flooding is no longer a threat to Boiling Spring Lakes. The
' city does not have a master drainage plan. However, continuing
development will increase stormwater runoff. The city should
undertake preparation of a comprehensive city-wide drainage plan.
' 4. Solid Waste Disposal
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes contracts with Waste Indus-
tries of Wilmington for private refuse collection. Waste Indus-
tries provides pickup once per week for both residents and busi-
nesses. In January, 1992, Waste Industries served two commercial
customers and 796 residential customers. All solid waste is
' disposed of at the Brunswick County landfill off of Highway 17 near
Supply, North Carolina. The life expectancy of the landfill is
estimated at 1996-98. Although Boiling Spring Lakes has not taken a
' part in the selection process, the county was undergoing a site
selection study for a new landfill during 1992. Boiling Spring Lakes
does not expect to operate its own solid waste collection program in
' the near future. However, the city does operate a recycling center.
The recycling center was the first to be located in Brunswick County.
5. Police
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has a full-time police depart-
ment. The department consists of four full-time and four auxiliary
' officers. The city operates two patrol cars. Members of the Boiling
I-29

Spring Lakes police department continuously participate in training
programs and seminars. All members of the police department are state ,
certified. The police department is adequate to serve the city's
police protection needs.
6. Fire
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is provided fire protection by
a 35-member volunteer fire department. The main fire station is
located on N.C. 87 adjacent to the City Hall. A substation is
located on Frink Lake Drive. The city and county provide partial
funding for the fire department's annual operating expenses. The
balance of the annual funding is obtained through contributions and
local fund raising efforts. The department has acquired its equip-
ment from Brunswick County and through annual fund drives. The
following list provides information on the equipment and capacity
of the fire department.
Equipment
Pumper #1
Pumper #2
Pumper Tanker #1
Brush Truck #1
Brush Truck #2
Capacity
750 gallons
500 gallons
2,500 gallons
300 gallons
250 gallons
The fire department has an Insurance Safety Organization (ISO)
rating of 9AA-4 mile. This rating was issued by the Insurance
Services Office of North Carolina, effective September 1, 1980.
The volunteer fire department participates in mutual aid fire
protection agreements with both Brunswick County and the Military
Ocean Terminal, Sunny Point. The fire department is adequate to
serve the city's needs.
7. Administration
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes
government. The city currently has
employees and appears to be staffed
needs. The following list provides
organizations and employees.
Full-time
city Haii Administration
Police Officers
Streets Department
Part-time
Buliding Inspector
Police Officers
Recycling Coordinator
Boards and Commissions
eianning boara
Board of Adjustment
Community Appearance
Lakes Committee
*Includes two alternates
I-30
has a mayor/council form of
eleven full-time and six part-time '
adequately to serve the city's
a summary of governmental
# of Individuals I
2
5
1
,
4
1
5
7*
10
'5

8. Transportation
The major thoroughfares in Boiling Spring Lakes include
' N.C. 87, N.C. 133, Boiling Spring Road, and Fifty Lakes Drive.
N.C. 87 is the most highly traveled of these roads. It provides
access to Southport, Oak Island, Long Beach, and the Brunswick
' County Airport from Highway 17. The North Carolina Department of
Transportation has not taken any traffic counts in Boiling Spring
Lakes. Powell Bill funding is based on 113.04 miles of city
maintained roads. Of that total, 91.63 miles of the roads are
' unimproved but maintained to state standards. It should be noted
that the primary reason for the incorporation of Boiling Spring
Lakes was to obtain Powell Bill funds for street maintenance.
' In addition to the city -maintained streets, the Reeves -Telecom
Corporation maintains 5.1 miles of roads. However, those roads are
not currently maintained to state standards. The Reeves -Telecom
' Corporation also controls approximately 50 miles of ditches which
parallel city -maintained roads. The private ownership of those
ditches frequently complicates efforts by the city to properly
maintain the adjacent roads.
Some individuals have purchased lots from the Reeves -Telecom
Corporation which front on unopened rights -of -way. The city
' continues to receive inquiries from those individuals soliciting
help in having rights -of -way opened and improved. However, the
city does not have any authority over the unopened streets. At the
' time of subdivision, local ordinances did not require guarantees to
ensure that the streets would be improved.
The maintenance of streets and the opening of rights -of -way
' will continue to be a major concern and problem in the City of
Boiling Spring Lakes. Specific policies should be included in this
plan to address the problem.
1 9. Emergency Rescue
' The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has a volunteer emergency
rescue squad consisting of 11 volunteer members. Equipment
includes two fully -equipped ambulances. The rescue squad raises
some of its own funds, and receives annual contributions from the
city and the county. A mutual aid agreement was executed in
January, 1992, between Brunswick County and the Boiling Spring
Lakes Rescue Squad. City officials feel that the rescue squad is
' adequate to serve the city's needs.
10. Electrical Distribution
' The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is provided electrical service
by Carolina Power & Light. Electrical distribution is adequate to
serve the city's needs.
1
I-31

11. Telephone Service
Telephone service is provided by the Atlantic Telephone Member-
ship Corporation. There are 761 customers in Boiling Spring Lakes.
There are no service deficiencies.
12. Cable Television
Cable television service is provided by Vision Cable, Inc., of
Wilmington. There are currently 395 customers in Boiling Spring
Lakes.
13. Schools
Students in grades kindergarten through 6 in Boiling Spring
Lakes attend either Bolivia Elementary School or Southport Primary
School. Students residing north of Boiling Spring Lake attend
Bolivia Elementary, approximately 8 miles away. Students south of
Boiling Spring Lake attend Southport Primary, approximately 9 miles
away. Grades 7 through 9 attend South Brunswick Middle School,
which is located within Boiling Spring Lakes' city limits. Grades
9 through 12 attend South Brunswick High School, which shares the
same location as the middle school. Detailed information on the
distribution of Boiling Spring Lakes' children for each school was
not available during the preparation of this plan. It should be
noted that South Brunswick Middle School has long-range goals to
expand its facilities. The following table provides detailed
information on the schools serving Boiling Spring Lakes.
Table 15
School System Status
Boiling Spring Lakes
1991
Over/Under
School
Enrollment Capacity
Capacity
Bolivia Elementary
514
530
3.1% under
Southport Primary
830
950
14.5% under
South Brunswick Middle 685
550
19.7% over
South Brunswick High
825
950
15.2% under
14. Recreation
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has limited recreational
facilities. There is a small city park beside the City Hall which
contains two tennis courts and a small basketball court. The city
also maintains a boat ramp to Boiling Spring Lake which it owns.
The ramp is located off of Alton Lennon Drive near the big dam.
The lakes which are located throughout the city provide boating and
fishing activities. The city provides picnic tables at some of the
lakes. A major recreational facility is the Fox Squirrel Golf
Course, a privately owned 18-hole golf course. The course is
located in central Boiling Spring Lakes.
I-32

15. Health Services
For minor surgery or emergencies, Boiling Spring Lakes'
' residents travel to nearby J. Arthur Dosher Memorial Hospital in
Southport, or to Brunswick County Hospital located in Supply.
Dosher Memorial Hospital is a modern, well equipped 40-bed
' facility with 100 employees in over 20 different departments and
service areas.
For major medical care, residents travel to New Hanover
Memorial Hospital or the Cape Fear Memorial Hospital in Wilmington,
approximately 35 miles away. Private physicians and medical
specialists are located in Southport, Supply, Wilmington, and
' Shallotte.
I-33

r. DEVELOPMZNT CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY
1. Topography/Geology
Both the 1983 and 1987 land use plans included an excellent
summary of the geology and groundwater resources in the Boiling
Spring Lakes area. The summary was prepared by the regional
hydrologist in the Wilmington office of the Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development, memorandum from Richard
Shiver, April 13, 1981. The following provides portions of that
appraisal:
"Underneath Boiling Spring Lakes, usable groundwater
occurs within the surficial aquifer and the lime-
stone aquifer. Commonly known as the water table
aquifer, the surficial aquifer exists from a few
feet below land surface to a depth of 201. Perme-
able sands form the geologic framework of this aqui-
fer. Wells exposed to this aquifer are generally
not capable of yielding more than a few gallons per
minute of water. Fair in quality, iron is a common
constituent that causes nuisance problems. Since
the cost of constructing a well in the underlying
limestone aquifer is low, the surficial aquifer is
rarely used as a source of water supply.
"The limestone aquifer occurs
20'-40' to a maximum depth of
surface. Aquifers past 150'
and therefore are not usable
supply. The aquifer framewor
shells, shell limestone, and
able quantities of water are
cracks of these rocks. Wells
stone aquifer are capable of
gallons per minute of water.
from this aquifer is good to
occur in concentrations that
problems. However, in spite
the aquifer is considered an
water supply.
from a depth of
150' below land
contain brackish water,
as a source of water
k is composed of
sandstone. Consider -
stored in the pores and
exposed to the lime -
yielding up to 200
The quality of water
fair; again, iron may
cause nuisance
of this iron problem,
excellent source of
"Significantly, the surficial aquifer and the
limestone aquifer are connected with one another.
The clay layer that usually separates aquifers,
called an aquitard, is not everywhere present, and
where present is 'leaky'; rain infiltrating into the
surficial aquifer is thereafter transmitted into
the limestone aquifer. Moreover, other geological
factors interact to promote efficient aquifer
recharge; as a consequence, Boiling Spring Lakes is
located over a primary aquifer recharge area.
I-34

"Since it is a primary recharge area, development of
Boiling Spring Lakes must proceed carefully. Wastes
disposed on or into the land have the potential to
' severely, and irrevocably, contaminate groundwater
in this primary limestone aquifer. Water pumped
from this aquifer in excess of recharge -- in this
instance, an impressive 1-2 million gallons per day
per square mile -- will accelerate the collapse of
theretofore inactive sinkholes. In conclusion, if
the groundwater resources are improperly managed, it
' will serve only as a short-term source of water
supply for the city; if properly managed, the
groundwater resources will be available for use in
' the many decades to come."
While the limestone serves to provide an excellent water
' supply, it presents other potentially serious problems. Scattered
underneath parts of the city are limestone sinkholes. These
sinkholes are the result of garst topography. That is, groundwater
causes the limestone to disintegrate, leaving subsurface caverns or
' voids. Occasionally the material over these voids collapses,
causing holes or sinkholes to appear.
' The city's sinkhole problem is thoroughly defined in the 1983
CAMA-funded study: Sinkholes: Plan of Action, Boiling Spring
Lakes, North Carolina. The sinkholes do not present a threat of
immediate danger to city residents. However, the sinkholes do
' present structural foundation problems for development in general,
road construction, railroad maintenance, dam maintenance, and
continued residential growth. The major problems have occurred in
' railroad and dam maintenance.
In 1985-86, the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed a
land bridge across a portion of Boiling Spring Lakes above the dam
' and railroad. It appears that this action has stopped the develop-
ment of sinkholes in the vicinity of the dam.
' The city also includes a number of "Carolina Bays." These bays
are depressions of varying size. Based on aerial photography,
there appear to be at least five located totally or partially
' within Boiling Spring Lakes. In some areas of southeastern North
Carolina, the bays have filled with water to form lakes. However,
the "bays" in Boiling Spring Lakes are primarily free of standing
water. The pocosins in Boiling Spring Lakes have been identified
' as supporting remnant species of the Venus Flytrap. North Carolina
considers the Venus Flytrap to be an endangered plant species.
' The topography in Boiling Spring Lakes is relatively flat.
Elevations range from 40 to 65 feet above mean sea level. Most of
the lower elevations, 40 feet, are located within the "Carolina
' Bays" areas.
I-35

2. Flood Hazard Areas
Subsequent to the preparation of the 1987 land use plan, the
City of Boiling Spring Lakes has had flood hazard areas identified
under the National Flood Insurance Program. Based on the
December 15, 1990, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, there are only
limited areas of Boiling Spring Lakes which are subject to 100-year
flood hazard. These areas are limited to the immediate shoreline
of Boiling Spring Lakes, the floodplain of Allen Creek, and the
shorelines of the numerous small lakes scattered throughout Boiling
Spring Lakes.
There are 100-year flood prone areas located within the city's
extraterritorial jurisdiction along Allen, Orton and McKinzie
Creeks. There is not any development located within those areas.
The flood prone areas are indicated on Map 2.
3. Soils
A detailed soils survey was completed for Brunswick County in
November, 1986. That report, Soil Survey of Brunswick County,
North Carolina, identifies 16 soils series which are located in
Boiling Spring Lakes. The soils series are located on Map 3, and
their characteristics are summarized by the following table.
Table 16
City of Boiling Spring Lakes
Soil Series Characteristics
Depth to
Seasonal
Flooding
Map
High Water
Frequency
Streets
Septic
Symbol Soil Series
Slope Table (ft.)
(surface)
Dwellings
& Roads
'
Tanks
BaB Baymeade
1-6% 4-5
None
Moderate
Slight
Moderate
Fine Sand
Wetness
Wetness
BDC Baymeade
1-6% 4-5
None
Moderate
Modeate
Severe ,
Marvyn
wetness
wetness
poor
filter
CT Croatan Muck 0-2%
DO Dorovan <2%
Muck
Fo Foreston 0-2%
Loamy Fine
Sand
KrB Kureb Fine 1-6%
Sand
0-1
1-1'Y2
2',4-3'V2
>6
I-36
Rare Severe Severe
Low strength, wetness,
floods, low
wetness strength
Freq
Severe
low
strength,
floods
ponding
Severe
low
strength,
floods
ponding
Severe I
wetness,
peres
slowly ,
Severe
poor
filter,
f loodi
ponding
None Slight Slight Severe
wetnes
poor filt
None Slight Slight Severe
poor filte'

The preparation of this map was financed
in part through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, which is administered by the
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource /
Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
I
ZONE x
ZONE x /
ZONE x
ZONE A
McKINZI
CREEK
ZONE N
LONE x J\
I
ZONE
E \ ZONE Y
1 1�
ZONE N
ALLEN
CREEK
ZONE N y
s ZONE
�l E I LONE. 1 ZONE x E\
ZONE
s
f
P ... V'- 0 i ,% E
1p� s \ If
ON
I�
r \ BOILING
ZONE S SPRING
EUE
I! I ,. LAKE
ZONE A
Il
ZON�
EON! Y
2.
V. _ •i; IONFN
ZONEN \. �
/ZwNE.I 1 �- 1
/���" • �i� ZOME •--
• EONF • �'
` ZONE A \
,I ZONE
ZONE x
ZONE x
E/a
ONE A*)
ZONE A
q `�4 ypy ZONE
ZONE A
o
ZONE x
ORTON
CREEK
SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAS INUNDATED '� _♦ �/ BOILING SPRING LAKES
[3Y 100YEAR FLOOD /' ✓ , // FLOOD HAZARD MAP
MAP 2
ZONE Y
ZONE x1-37
II
I
ZONE x
EONE •�
I
ZONE x

Table 16 (Continued)
Depth to
Seasonal
Flooding
Map
High Water
Frequency
Streets
Septic
Symbol Soil Series
Slope Table (ft.)
(surface)
Dwellings
& Roads
Tanks
Lo Leon Fine
-- 0-1
None
Severe
Severe
Severe
Sand
wetness
wetness
wetness
poor filter
Ly Lynchburg
<2% h-l%
None
Severe
Severe
Severe
Fine sandv
wetness
wetness
wetness
Ma
Mk
Mu
Pn
Ra
To
Wo
Loam
Mandarin
Fine Sand
Muckalee
Loam
Murville
Fine Sand
Pantego
Mucky Loam
Rains Fine
Sandy Loam
Torhunta
Fine Sandy
Loam
Woodington
Loamy Fine
Sand
GoA Goldsboro Nearly 2-3 None Moderate Moderate Moderate
Fine Sandy level, wetness wetness wetness
Loam gently
sloping
Fourteen of the 16 soil series have severe limitations for
' septic tank usage. The Goldsboro and Baymeade Fine Sand have
moderate limitations for septic tank usage but can accommodate
conventional septic tank systems. However, the Baymeade series
soils occupy only small areas, approximately one percent or less of
the city's total area. Most of the construction of structures in
Boiling Spring Lakes has occurred on the Mandarin and Kureb soil
series.
It is significant that nine of the soil series in Boiling
Spring Lakes are hydric soils. Those nine include: Croatan,
Dorovan, Leon, Muckalee, Murville, Pantego, Rains, Torhunta, and
Woodington. A hydric soil is a soil which is saturated, flooded,
or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop
anaerobic conditions in the upper part. (Anaerobic: a situation
in which molecular oxygen is absent from the environment.) These
0-2%
1Y4-3V4
None
Moderate
Moderate
Severe
wetness
wetness
wetness
0-2%
%-l%
Freq.
Severe
Severe
Severe
floods,
wetness
wetness
wetness
floods
<2%
0-1
None,
Severe
Severe
Severe
rare
wetness
wetness
wetness,
poor filter
<2%
0-114
None
Severe
Severe
Severe
wetness
wetness
wetness
<2%
0-1
None
Severe
Severe
Severe
wetness
wetness
wetness
0-2%
Y2-1h
Freq.
Severe
Severe
Severe
wetness
wetness
wetness
floods
floods
floods
0-2%
%-1
None
Severe
Severe
Severe
wetness
wetness
wetness
I-39

soils may meet the definition of 404 wetland areas and require
permitting by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington office
prior to any disturbance. Approximately two-thirds of Boiling
Spring Lakes' area contains hydric soils.
4. Man-made Hazards/Restrictions
The most significant man-made hazard located in Boiling Spring
Lakes is the Sunny Point Railroad. The railroad extends in a
slightly northeast -southwest direction along the eastern edge of
the town immediately east of the Boiling Spring Lake dam. Much of
the railroad extends by undeveloped subdivided lots. The greatest
concentration of development adjacent to the railroad occurs in the
Mirror Lakes and Swan Lakes sections east of the railroad and the
Spring Lake extension subdivision located west of the railroad and
north of Boiling Spring Lake. In addition, development is begin-
ning to occur east of the railroad along Boiling Spring Road. The
railroad is a concern because it frequently serves as a route for
the shipment of munitions to the Sunny Point Army Terminal,
chlorine tankers to CP&L, the removal of spent nuclear cells from
CP&L, and the transport of ADM citric acid. In addition, the
railroad serves a route for the shipment of coal to the Cogentrix
cogeneration facility located immediately north of Southport. When
the Cogentrix plant opened, the management indicated to the town
that they would endeavor to limit the traffic to one train per day.
Through 1992, the increased train traffic generated by Cogentrix
had not caused a problem for the town.
While located approximately six miles southeast of Boiling
Spring Lakes, the CP&L Brunswick nuclear power plant presents a
major man-made hazard. Obviously, an accident at the plant could
have major impact on the city. Evacuation plans are in effect and
monitored by the Brunswick County Emergency Management Coordinator
and approved by FEMA.
There are not any significant above ground or submerged fuel
storage tanks located in Boiling Spring Lakes.
5. Fragile Areas
Subchapter 7H of Chapter 15A of the North Carolina Administra-
tive Code (15A NCAC 7H) provides the state's definition of areas of
environmental concern (AECs). Those areas include coastal wet-
lands, ocean hazard areas, estuarine shorelines, inlet hazard
areas, public trust waters, coastal complex natural areas, coastal
areas sustaining remnant species, significant coastal archaeo-
logical resources, and significant coastal historic architectural
resources. There are not any AECs located within Boiling Spring
Lakes. Therefore, the CAMA minor and major permit requirements do
not apply.
There are significant non -AEC fragile
tified and their impacts on Boiling Spring
are summarized in the following sections,
areas which must be iden- ,
Lakes discussed. Those
5.a) through 5.d).
I-40

a) 404 Wetlands
The most significant fragile areas in Boiling Spring Lakes
' are the 404 wetland areas. 404 wetlands are areas covered by water
or that have waterlogged soils for long periods during the growing
season. Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living in soils
lacking oxygen for at least part of the growing season. Some
wetlands, such as swamps, are obvious. Others are sometimes diffi-
cult to identify because they may be dry during part of the year.
Wetlands include, but are not limited to, bottomlands, forests,
' swamps, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs, marshes, and wet meadows.
While the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Wilmington office
' has not done extensive wetlands analysis in Boiling Spring Lakes,
the location of hydric soils is a good indication of areas having a
high probability of being classified as 404 wetlands areas. Those
hydric soils are located on Map 3 and include the following soils
' series: Croatan, Dorovan, Leon, Muckalee, Murville, Pantego,
Rains, Torhunta and Woodington. The reader is cautioned that
precise determinations of 404 wetland areas must be made through
' "in -field" site analysis by a representative of the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers' Wilmington office. Because of the extensive
areas of hydric soils in Boiling Spring Lakes, public and private
development should only be undertaken after an on -site investi-
gation for 404 wetland areas has been conducted by the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers.
' Normally, specific in -field wetlands determination will be
based on the following criteria: 404 wetlands are generally agreed
to exist if: (1) the vegetation is hydrophytic, (2) the soil is
' hydric, and (3) the hydrology is wetland; i.e., inundated. (See
Federal Manual for Identifying Jurisdictional Wetlands, January 10,
1989, as adopted by USFWS, EPA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and
the U.S. Soil and Conservation Service, Part II.) Simultaneous to
' the preparation of this plan, amendments to the federal definition
of wetlands were being considered which reduce the areas afforded
protection under the wetlands legislation. Those areas known as
"non-splashable" wetlands, which include pine forests, meadows, and
brushy areas where water lies just below the surface, could be
eliminated from 404 regulation. This change would increase the
areas of Boiling Spring Lakes which could be considered to have
development potential.
Wetlands are a significant natural resource because they
provide recharge areas for groundwater; serve as filter traps for
sediment, pesticides and other pollutants; provide non -.structural
flood control; buffer against shoreline erosion; serve as buffer
zones between upland activities and valuable aquatic systems; and
provide habitats for numerous furbearing animals, endangered
species, and other wildlife.
' Many of the wetland areas include pocosins, some of which are
"Carolina Bays." This is a word of Indian derivation meaning
"swamp on a hill." In Boiling Spring Lakes, many of the pocosins
I-41

support the Venus Flytrap plant which is an endangered plant
species in North Carolina. As pointed out by the 1987 land use
plan, one or more of the pocosins could be designated as an area of
environmental concern under the remnant species category of
15A NCAC 7H. Any citizen, interest group, local government, or
state or federal agency may make such a nomination to the North
Carolina Coastal Resources Commission.
The Boiling Spring Lakes wetland areas also provide habitats
for the American Alligator, Red Cockaded Woodpecker and the Osprey.
All three species are considered endangered or threatened by the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
b) Slopes in Excess of 12%
There are not any slopes located in the City of Boiling
Spring Lakes which are in excess of 12%.
c) Excessive Erosion Areas
There are not any excessive erosion areas located in
Boiling Spring Lakes.
d) Historic and Archaeological Sites
The North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources,
Division of Archives and History, has indicated that there are
four known archaeological sites located within Boiling Spring
Lakes. However, the city has never been systematically surveyed
to determine the location of archaeological resources. Therefore,
additional sites may exist. All archaeological site locations are
restricted information and locations may not be included in any
public document or made available to any individual without the
permission of the state archaeologist. Any development projects
should be implemented under appropriate historic preservation
legislation and in coordination with the Division of Archives and
History to avoid damage to valuable archaeological resources.
Based on the Division of Archives and History files, there
are not any structures located in Boiling Spring Lakes which are
listed in the National Register of Historic Places or on the Divi-
sion of Archives and History's study list for future nomination. A
cultural resources survey of the city has not been conducted, and
therefore, there may be some structures which have historic or
architectural significance.
In 1990, there appeared to be only six residential struc-
tures which were 40 years old or older. The likelihood of finding
historically/architecturally significant structures is limited.
However, renovations or demolitions of older structures should be
coordinated with the Division of Archives and History to ensure the
preservation of historically or architecturally significant
structures.
I-42

' e) Other Fragile Areas
The 1987 land use plan noted that the small well site for
' public water supply on Boiling Spring Road east of N.C. 87 had the
potential for designation as an area of environmental concern under
the public water supply category. At that time, the well and the
' water system which is supplied were owned by a cooperative formed
by system users. Subsequent to the preparation of the 1987 plan,
the water system was absorbed into the Brunswick County water
system. The well site is no longer being utilized.
' 6. Areas of Resource Potential
' a) Agricultural and Forest Lands
In Brunswick County, the following are considered to be the
prime agricultural soil series: Foreston, Goldsboro, Johns,
Norfolk and Onslow. Only the Foreston and Goldsboro series are
located in Boiling Spring Lakes. These two series occupy only very
small areas, approximately less than one percent of the city's
' total area.
The following soil series are the most productive in
Brunswick County for the growth of both hardwood and coniferous
' trees: Marvyn, Blanton, Bragg, Foreston, Goldsboro, Johns,
Lynchburg, Norfolk, Onslow, Pactolus, Rains and Yaupon. Only the
Foreston, Goldsboro, Lynchburg and Rains series are found in
' limited areas of Boiling Spring Lakes. These series occupy only
one to two percent of the city's area. In addition, Foreston,
Goldsboro and Lynchburg series are all located in areas of the city
which have been developed.
In summary, there are not any commercially productive
agricultural or forest lands located in Boiling Spring Lakes.
b) Public Parks
' The only public park located in Boiling Spring Lakes is the
small park located adjacent to the City Hall. The city does main-
tain a boat ramp and small beach area on Boiling Spring Lake.
There are not any state or federal park facilities. However, the
' extensive undeveloped wetland areas located in Boiling Spring Lakes
have great potential to serve as passive recreation/natural areas.
I-43

SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

' SECTION II: PROJECTED LAND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
' A. PROJECTED DEMAND FOR DEVELOPMENT
' 1. Demographic Trends
Table 17 provides the estimated population for Boiling Spring
' Lakes and other Brunswick County municipalities through 2000.
The forecasts are based on population growth within the 1992
corporate limits. A growth rate of 29% through 2000 is forecast.
' This is the same growth rate which is expected for the county as a
whole.
' In 1992 the city had approximately 5,000 vacant lots remaining
which appeared to have development potential. As explained on page
I-18, the city could accommodate a population of 14,560 at build -
out. By 2000 the city will be at 14.7% of its maximum population
which could reasonably be located within the 1992 corporate limit
area. There is more than ample land available to support the fore-
cast 2000 population.
' Southeastern Brunswick County and the beach communities will be
heavily impacted by seasonal population. However, Boiling Spring
Lakes is expected to have only minor seasonal population. The
' overall regional seasonal population will have some minor impact on
Boiling Spring Lakes as the result of increased traffic traveling
through the city.
' Table 17: Total Year -Round Population Projections
Brunswick County, 1990-2000
' Year -Round Population
Municipality or Area 1990 1995 2000
Bald Head Island 78 89 100
' Belville 66 76 86
Boiling Spring Lakes 1,650 1,897 2,141
Bolivia 228 262 296
Calabash 1,210 1,391 1,570
' Caswell Beach 175 201 227
Holden Beach 626 720 812
Leland 1,801 2,071 2,337
Long Beach 3,816 4,388 4,952
' Navassa 445 512 578
Ocean Isle Beach 523 601 678
Sandy Creek 243 279 315
Shallotte 1,073 1,234 1,393
' Southport 2,369 2,724 3,074
Sunset Beach 311 358 404
Varmantown 404 464 523
' Yaupon Beach 734 844 952
Total Municipalities 15,752 18,111 20,438
Unincorporated Areas 35,233 40,519 45,733
' Total Brunswick County 50,985 58,630 66,171
Sources: Holland Consulting Planners,'Inc.; N.C. State Data Center,
' Office of State Planning.
II-1
t

NOTE: Due to the large number of annexations and new municipal-
ities from 1980-1990, no attempt was made to predict 1990--
2000 individual municipalities' growth based on the ratio of
1980-1990 individual city/county growth. Instead, it was
assumed that all municipalities and the unincorporated areas
would grow at the overall county growth rate of 29.8% from
1990-2000.
From 1980 to 1990, the city experienced a 65% growth rate. It
is extremely unlikely that a similar rate of growth will be
sustained through the 1990s. However, if the rate does continue,
the 2000 population would be 2,722. This would place the city at
approximately 20% of its buildout population.
2. Commercial and Industrial Land Use
During the fall of 1990 and winter of 1991, the City of Boiling
Spring Lakes was undertaking a major revision to its zoning map.
This revision was intended to improve the technical quality of the
map and to redefine some of the zoning patterns, in particular the
commercial zoning. In 1991, almost all commercial development was
centered on N.C. 87, including approximately 1,850 acres of undev-
eloped land north of North Shore Drive and west of N.C. 87. In the
late winter of 1992, the 1,850 acres of C-1 commercially zoned
property was rezoned to a R-6 single-family residential classifi-
cation. Two new commercial areas were established. One was
located on the southwest corner of the intersection of Fifty Lakes
Drive and N.C. 133. The second area is a corridor of C-1 commer-
cial zoning located along N.C. 87 from the north shore of Boiling
Spring Lake to the intersection of Hunters Road if extended to
N.C. 87. The corridor varies in width from approximately one to
several hundred feet.
Based on the city's zoning ordinance, the following uses may be
expected to develop in the commercially zoned areas: retail
stores, business offices, gas stations, personal services, motels,
religious institutions, clubs, parking, restaurants, mortuaries,
funeral homes, professional services, banks or other financial
institutions, and other commercial uses upon the finding that such
use is compatible with those permitted and which will not be detri-
mental to other uses within the district or to adjoining land
uses.
However, commercial development is expected to continue at a
slow growth rate. Uses should continue to be primarily service
oriented. Until the city's population significantly increases, the
population base will be inadequate to support significant local
commercial activity. Residents will continue to commute to nearby
communities for many essential goods and services.
As commercial development does occur, the city should endeavor
to accomplish the following:
-- Minimize the adverse impact of commercial development on
adjacent residential properties.
II-2

-- Encourage an integrated or planned development of the
commercial zone fronting on N.C. 133 and Fifty Lakes Road.
Uncoordinated development will result in traffic congestion
' and an aesthetically unpleasing commercial area.
-- Control the location and number of curb cuts or highway
' entrances. Continuous highway access will be detrimental
to traffic flow and control.
-- Control signage in order to maintain Boiling Spring Lakes'
' attractive appearance and residential character.
There is more than a sufficient amount of commercially zoned
' property to accommodate commercial growth through and beyond the
planning period. No further changes in commercially zoned areas
are anticipated.
' In 1990, there was no industrial development in Boiling Spring
Lakes or in the immediate vicinity of the city. The Carolina Power
and Light Brunswick Nuclear Power Plant is located approximately
' six miles southeast of Boiling Spring Lakes. However, the city has
not suffered any negative effects from the operation of the power
plant. Except for the possibility of light industrial development,
the absence of industrialization is expected to continue. The city
' would support Brunswick County zoning to regulate industrial devel-
opment in the vicinity of the city.
' The 1987 land use plan clearly defined the following reasons,
which continue to be valid, for Boiling Spring Lakes' discouraging
industrial development:
' -- The city contains extensive fragile areas susceptible to
groundwater contamination.
' -- The city has a high water table occurring throughout the
community.
-- The city has poor drainage of soils.
' -- The city lacks an adequate transportation network when
compared to other industrial sites in southeastern North
Carolina.
-- The city's residential character will dictate that any
industrial development be limited to clear light
industries.
' Based on the city's 1990 zoning ordinance, any industrial
development would be limited to the following uses: enclosed
manufacturing industries, enclosed warehouses or wholesale uses,
' public utilities, enclosed service or repair, gas stations,
parking, accessory uses and other industrial uses upon the finding
that such use is compatible with those permitted and which will not
' be detrimental to other uses within.the district or to adjoining
land uses.
II-3

3. Housing Trends
Residential development will continue to be concentrated in the
areas of the city having the better soil conditions. Generally,
these areas are found between N.C. 133 and N.C. 87 (see Map 3,
Soils). The majority of Boiling Spring Lakes contains hydric soils
which provide very poor conditions for construction.
The city's subdivided areas allow development at moderate to
high densities for single-family development. The Boiling Spring
Lakes zoning ordinance establishes the smallest minimum lot size
for residential development at 10,500 square feet. Because of the
poor soil conditions which exist throughout the city, this is a
very high density. As stated in the existing land use section,
residential density averages four to six lots per acre in most
areas. Only single-family or duplex construction is allowed.
Unless the city's zoning ordinance is amended, all residential
development will continue to be single family. However, a more
diversified population should increase the demand for a wider
variety of housing. The city should anticipate increasing interest
in and pressure for multi -family housing.
The city's residential development has been evenly divided
between site built homes and mobile or modular homes. This mixture
of housing types is expected to continue. However, modular or
mobile homes are limited to only two zones, R-5 and R-6.
The 1987 land use plan cited the need to replat smaller lots
into larger parcels. This would produce lots which would more
closely match current standards and provide lots which would be
more compatible with poor soil conditions. Since 1987, little
progress has been made towards the replatting of parcels. However,
smaller lot sizes continue to be a problem. There is no apparent
solution to the small lot problem.
Residential redevelopment will not be an issue. In 1990, only
six dwelling units were 40 years old or older. Almost 880 of the
units were less than 20 years old. Thus, almost all units are
standard and are in compliance with current construction codes and
standards.
Residential growth is expected to continue at a slow but steady
rate. During the 1980s, growth averaged 37 units per year. There
is no indication that this growth rate should increase. By 1997,
the total housing count should be approximately 1,000 and 1,100 by
2000. This growth is well below the city's growth capacity of
5,824 residential lots.
4. Public Land Use
Public land use is not expected
the planning period. Except for the
of -way, no significant acquisitions
anticipated. The major public land
be the South Brunswick Middle School
School properties.
to change substantially during
acquisition of street rights -
of public property are
use is expected to continue to
and South Brunswick High
II-4

5. Transportation
The 1991-1997 North Carolina Department of Transportation
Transportation Improvement Program does not include any highway
improvements in the vicinity of Boiling Spring Lakes. The closest
improvement which may have some minor positive impact on Boiling
Spring Lakes will be the widening to 22 feet and resurfacing of
approximately 6.5 miles of N.C. 133 between Belville and State
Road 1518. This will improve the city's access to north central
Brunswick County and Wilmington. In 1992, U. S. Highway 17 was
being widened to four lanes from Winnabow south to the South
Carolina state line. The section bypassing Shallotte had been
completed. It is not expected that these improvements will have
any impact on the city.
The city should take care to ensure that future subdivisions
reserve sufficient rights -of -way for both major and minor thorough-
fares. At buildout, the city could have a population in excess of
14,000. The existing street system is not designed to accommodate
that size population. Not only must rights -of -way be reserved, but
the street systems in each subdivision must be coordinated with
adjacent developments to ensure an integrated street system. A
city-wide thoroughfare plan should be prepared and implemented
through the review and approval of subdivision plats.
6. Areas Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes
No major changes in the existing patterns of land use are
' expected to occur throughout the planning period. The city has an
established zoning ordinance which controls incompatible land uses
and an active planning program which regulates land use. The city
will continue to be a predominantly single-family residential
community. The city should pursue implementation of the full
authority available to it through the extraterritorial juris-
diction.
The city's extensive wetland areas should be protected. They
have great value as a natural resource and habitat for both plant,
and animal endangered species. Development of these areas will
lead to serious problems for the city, including but not limited
to: malfunctioning septic tanks, groundwater pollution, inadequate
storm drainage, and excessive street maintenance costs. Consider-
ation should be given to treating the wetland areas, in particular
the Carolina Bay areas, as conservation areas with development
either prohibited or severely restricted.
7. Summary
The greatest obstacles to growth in Boiling Spring Lakes will
be the lack of central sewer, the lack of central water, and
wetland areas. These obstacles will not change during the planning
period. Previous studies have determined that both central water
and sewer systems are not economically feasible.
II-5

The following summarizes the key issues confronting growth and I
development in Boiling Spring Lakes:
-- The city will continue to be a predominantly single-family I
residential community.
-- The population will continue to have a broader range of age
groups.
-- There will be an increasing demand for facilities providing
care and services to the retirement age population.
-- The housing types should continue to be split between site
built and modular/mobile homes.
-- The city will continue to grow without central water and
sewer facilities; but more slowly than if such facilities
were available.
-- The city must implement long-range thoroughfare planning in
order to control traffic congestion.
-- The city will need to pursue establishment of multi -family
housing.
-- The city's wetland areas will continue to be a major
obstacle to development.
-- The city should implement its extraterritorial jurisdiction
authority.
B. PROJECTED PUBLIC FACILITIES NEEDS/AVAILABILITY
There is clearly a need for both central water and sewer service.
However, during the planning period, neither will be feasible. The
following provides the recommendations and conclusions from the
city's 1989 Preliminary Feasibility Study, Water Distribution
System:
"The technical feasibility of a public water distri-
bution system to serve the City of Boiling Spring Lakes is
viable without question. There is ample capacity of both
supply and pressure to adequately serve the city's needs.
"The economic feasibility of the public water distri-
bution system is not as apparent. Use of ad valorem
(property) taxes to finance the system would result in tax
rates almost three times the existing $0.37 per $100
valuation. This is believed to be unacceptable to the
citizens. Using only water rates to fund debt service
would result in rates two to five times as high as
Brunswick County Water System rates. The lack of high
density growth areas, the large open (undeveloped) areas
between dwellings and the relatively low tax base per unit
area of the entire city makes asgessments difficult to
support.
II-6

' "It is our understanding that the city may be in need
of a sewer collection system as much as a water system,
especially in light of stricter enforcement of septic tank
' rules and regulations and a very high number of lots ruled
"Unsatisfactory" within Boiling Spring Lakes. The develop-
ment of a sewer system will meet the same economic
constraints as does the water system in question."
' The density of developed properties is too low to support
central systems. In addition, the lack of a viable point of
' discharge is a serious constraint to construction of a sewage
treatment plant. As development continues, the potential for
malfunctioning septic tanks and polluted groundwater increases.
This is a threat which must be carefully monitored by the city.
' Without the availability of central water and sewer systems, the
city's principal controls over groundwater pollution will be
increasing lot sizes and the prohibition of development in wetland
areas. With the threat of decreasing federal controls over wetland
development, the city may have to adopt local controls to ensure
adequate wetland protection.
' There are no major public facilities proposed for construction
during the planning period. However, the city does support the
construction of package treatment plants.
' C. REDEVELOPMENT ISSUES
' There are not any redevelopment issues in Boiling Spring Lakes.
The majority of the city remains undeveloped. Almost all develop-
ment which exists is less than 20 years old.
' The city is not subject to substantial hurricane or other major
storm related flooding. However, extensive wind damage could occur
during a hurricane. Because of the large number of modular and
' mobile homes, Boiling Spring Lakes is particularly susceptible to
wind damage. The state building code sets standards for the
anchorage of modular/mobile homes. It is particularly important
' that those standards be rigorously enforced in Boiling Spring
Lakes. Following major storm damage, it is anticipated that
redevelopment would occur at existing densities.
' D. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
' This plan was reviewed by the Brunswick County Planning Department
prior to certification by the Coastal Resources Commission. This
review was provided to help ensure consistency of this plan with
Brunswick County's planning efforts. Intergovernmental coordi-
nation and cooperation will continue through the ten-year planning
period. This will be essential to accomplish effective planning
for public utilities, thoroughfare projects, community facilities,
' housing needs, and environmental protection. The Boiling Spring
Lakes Board of Commissioners will be responsible for ensuring
adequate coordination with Brunswick County and other government
entities as may be required.
II-7

I
SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SECTION III: BOILING SPRING LAKES LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
' The CAMA regulations require the establishment of a specific land
classification system to support the local government's policy
statements. This system should reflect developing land use pat-
terns within the city and provide a framework to be utilized by
' Boiling Spring Lakes to identify future land uses.
The 15A NCAC 7B requirements provide for the following land classi-
fications: developed, urban transition, limited transition, commu-
nity, rural, rural with services, and conservation. In applying
these classifications, Boiling Spring Lakes should carefully con-
sider where and when various types of development should be encour-
aged. Additionally, environmentally sensitive areas should be
recognized by the land classification system. Each applicable land
classification must be represented on a land classification map.
' The following land classifications will apply in Boiling Spring
Lakes' jurisdiction:
Developed areas included in the developed land classification
are currently urban in character, with no or minimal undevel-
oped land remaining. Municipal types of services, with the
' exception of central water and sewer service, are in place or
are expected to be provided within the next five to ten years.
Land uses include residential, commercial, public/semi-public,
' and other urban land uses at the following densities which are
prescribed by 15A NCAC 7B:
° 500 dwelling units per square mile, or
° three dwelling units per acre, or
° where a majority of lots are 15,000 square feet or less.
Boiling Spring Lakes developed areas were above these densities
in 1992 with four to six residential units per acre.
' In Boiling Spring Lakes, the developed classification is sub-
divided into the following sub -classifications:
° Developed Residential (DR) - These are areas where electri-
cal, police, fire, sanitation, recreation and other munici-
pal services are provided. The major land use is resi-
dential development. The majority of the lots situated
' within the Developed Residential classification remain unim-
proved. Policies contained in this plan recommend replat-
ting of some parcels to increase lot size. The maximum
height for residential structures is 20 feet for one-story
' structures and 35 feet for two-story structures. Specific
densities in the various areas of the city shall be dictated
by the Boiling Spring Lakes Zoning Ordinance.
Except for the R-6 mobile or modular home residential
district, all residential zones have a minimum lot size of
10,500 square feet. The R-6 district has a minimum lot size
' of 5 acres.
III-1

Only single-family dwellings are allowed in the developed
residential category. The city's zoning ordinance does
provide for a planned residential development district
(PRD). The PRD is allowed in the developed residential
classification.
Developed Commercial (DC) - These are areas where police,
fire, sanitation, recreation and other municipal services
are provided. The developed commercial category is limited
to three areas fronting on N.C. 87 and an area lying in the
southwest corner of the intersection of N.C. 133 and Fifty
Lakes Drive. The majority of the developed commercial
category was undeveloped in 1992. The city desires to
carefully control its commercial zoning in order to preserve
the city's residential character.
The following uses are allowed in the developed commercial
category: retail stores, business offices, gas stations,
personal services, motels, religious institutions, clubs,
parking, restaurants, health care facilities, nursing
homes, mortuaries, funeral homes, professional services,
banks or other financial institutions, schools and govern-
mental services, professional/administrative offices, and
other commercial uses upon the finding that such use is
compatible with those permitted and which will not be detri-
mental to other uses within the district or to adjoining
land uses.
The city does not have any industrial district zoning.
However, the city's zoning ordinance does allow for the
establishment of industrial districts in which the following
uses would be allowed: enclosed manufacturing industries,
enclosed warehouses, public utilities, enclosed service or
repair, gas stations, parking, accessory buildings, and
other industrial uses upon the finding that such use is
compatible with those permitted and which will not be detri-
mental to other uses within the district or to adjoining
land uses. The city considers the establishment of indus-
trial district zoning within the developed commercial
category to be allowable.
Rural (R) - These areas include lands that are appropriate for
or presently used for agriculture, forestry, mineral extrac-
tion, and other uses that should be located in a relatively
isolated and developed area. The predominant land uses are
vacant land, agricultural, and residential. However, public
facilities and scattered industrial and commercial uses are
allowed if consistent with the city's zoning ordinance. Rural
water systems may be available to help avert poor water quality
problems.

' Conservation (CON) - The following environmentally sensitive
areas are included in the conservation classification:
' 404 Wetlands: This classification includes areas of 404
wetlands which meet the wetlands definition contained in
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Only uses consistent
' with the policy statements section of this plan and the
Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance will be allowed.
These areas are not delineated on the Land Classification
Map. Specific locations must be determined in the field by
representatives of the Wilmington office of the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers.
' Pocosins (Carolina Bays): These areas are specifically
defined in the fragile areas section of the plan, Section
F.S.a.). They are depressions containing swamps which
' provide habitats for both endangered plant and animal
species. One or more of the pocosins could be designated as
an area of environmental concern under the remnant species
category of 15A NCAC 7H. No developments shall be allowed
' within the pocosins.
100-Year Floodplain: This category includes the waters
of all lakes and streams, shoreline areas, and areas
susceptible to flooding along Orton, Allen, and McKinzie
Creeks. Only uses consistent with the policies contained in
this plan and the City of Boiling Spring Lakes zoning
' ordinance will be allowed.
The land classifications are delineated on the Land Classification
Map, Map 4.
III-3

SECTION IV: POLICY STATEMENTS

SECTION IV: BOILING SPRING LAKES POLICY STATEMENTS
' Policy statements are extremely important and may have a day-to-day
impact on individual citizens within Boiling Spring Lakes' planning
jurisdiction. The statements will have an impact in two important
areas, including:
' -- Establishment of local planning policy.
' -- Review of proposed projects requiring state or federal
assistance or approval to determine consistency with local
policies.
' The policies contained in this section are based on the objectives
of the citizens of Boiling Spring Lakes and satisfy the objectives
of the Coastal Resources Commission. The citizen's planning
' commission closely supervised the development of these policies.
There are not any areas of environmental concern as defined by
' 15A NCAC 7H located in the Boiling Spring Lakes planning juris-
diction. CAMA minor and major permitting as required by N.C.G.S.
113A-118 does not apply to the city. All policies stated in this
plan must be supported by local ordinances and actions in order to
' ensure implementation.
The policies outlined in the following section will provide a guide
' for advising and regulating development of available land resources
in Boiling Spring Lakes through 2000. Policies which were consid-
ered, but not adopted, are provided in Appendix I.
' A. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
' Physical Limitations:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will enforce, through the development and
' zoning permit process, all current regulations of the N. C.
State Building Code and Brunswick County Health Department
relating to building construction and septic tank
installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions.
' (b) Boiling Spring Lakes will coordinate all development activity
with appropriate county and state regulatory personnel, and in
particular with the Brunswick County Sanitarian.
(c) The city will cooperate with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
in the regulation/enforcement of the 404 wetlands permit
process. Boiling Spring Lakes will pursue amendments to its
zoning ordinance to establish an open space/conservation
district to prohibit development in critical pocosin and 404
' wetland areas as shown on the land classification map.
IV-1

(d)
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes will encourage development on
'
non-hydric soils. This will be accomplished by revising the
city's zoning ordinance to allow low density development, one
acre minimum lot size, in all areas having hydric soils.
,
(e)
Boiling Spring Lakes will revise its zoning ordinance to
increase the minimum lot sizes in some of its zoning districts
in order to reduce "overloading" of soils having poor condi-
'
tions for development and septic tank usage.
(f)
The city will revise its subdivision ordinance to require the
designation of 404 wetland areas on all subdivision plats.
'
Flood Hazard Areas:
'
(a)
Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to coordinate all develop-
ment within the 100-year floodplain with the city's Inspec-
tions Department, North Carolina Division of Coastal Manage-
'
ment, FEMA, and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to enforce its existing
zoning and flood damage prevention ordinances to control
development within flood hazard areas.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes will revise its zoning ordinance to
establish the 100-year floodplain areas as conservation/open
space areas and to prohibit development in those areas.
Groundwater/Protection of Potable Water Supplies:
(a) 'It shall be the policy of Boiling Spring Lakes to conserve its
surficial* groundwater resources by enforcing CAMA and N. C.
Division of Environmental Management stormwater runoff
regulations, and by coordinating local development activities
involving chemical storage or underground storage tank
installation/abandonment with Brunswick County Emergency
Management personnel and the Groundwater Section of the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management. During the
planning period, the city shall review and amend the local
zoning ordinance with regard to underground chemical and
gasoline storage regulations to ensure a minimum of risk to
local groundwater resources. Implementation of this policy is
particularly important because of the gharst (limestone)
topography which underlies Boiling Spring Lakes.
(b) In reviews of major development projects and planned residen-
tial developments, the city will encourage the use of environ-
mentally sound package treatment plants and technologically
advanced systems.
*Groundwaters which are at or just below the surface.
IV-2

(c) Industrial development shall be discouraged from locating in
areas particularly susceptible to groundwater contamination
(hydric soils areas). This policy must be implemented through
local controls, in particular, the city's zoning ordinance.
Man-made Hazards:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will support the technical requirements
and state program approval for underground storage tanks (40
CFR, Parts 280 and 281), until such time as the state Division
of Environmental Management is authorized to regulate under-
ground storage tanks under North Carolina state law.
(b) The city opposes the temporary or permanent storage or dis-
posal of any toxic wastes within its planning jurisdiction.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes discourages any increase in traffic on
' the Sunny Point Railroad to serve either the Sunny Point
Military Terminal or the'Cogentrix plant located north of
Southport.
(d) The city will coordinate and maintain contact with the
Brunswick County Emergency Management Office to ensure safe
preparation and evacuation in the event of a disaster at the
CP&L nuclear power plant.
(e) The city will cooperate with management at both the Sunny
Point Military Terminal and the CP&L nuclear power plant to
support safe operation at both facilities.
Stormwater Runoff:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes recognizes the value of water quality
maintenance to the protection of fragile areas and to the
provision of clear water for recreational purposes. The city
will support state regulations relating to stormwater runoff
resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy
15NCAC2H.001-.1003).
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will seek funding through the coastal
management program to conduct a comprehensive city-wide drain-
age study. If sufficient funds are not available for a
city-wide study, the city will seek funding for a study of the
most serious problem areas. Emphasis will be placed on
protecting the water quality of the city's lakes.
(c) Through revisions to its zoning ordinance, the city will
increase its minimum lot size to be applied in areas having
poor soil conditions. The city will continue to pursue
options which may be available to encourage the replatting of
parcels to create larger lots.
IV-3

Cultural/Historic Resources: There are no known historically or
archaeologically significant sites in Boiling Spring Lakes.
However, Boiling Spring Lakes shall coordinate all housing code
enforcement/redevelopment projects with the N. C. Division of
Archives and History, to ensure that any significant architectural
details, buildings, or archaeologically significant sites are
identified and preserved.
Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas: No industrial development
will be allowed in areas classified as conservation areas. In
other areas, only light industrial development will be allowed
which is consistent with the city's zoning ordinance. Allowable
industrial uses include the following: enclosed manufacturing
industries, enclosed warehouses or wholesale uses, public utili-
ties, enclosed service or repair, gas stations, parking, accessory
use buildings, and other industrial uses upon the finding that such
use is compatible with those permitted and which will not be detri-
mental to other uses within the district or to adjoining land
uses.
Miscellaneous Resource Protection: Boiling Spring Lakes will
support the construction of package treatment plants which are
approved and permitted by the state Division of Environmental
Management.
If any package plants are approved, Boiling Spring Lakes supports a
requirement for a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing
private operation and maintenance of the plant will be provided,
and detailing provisions for assumption of the ownership of the
plant if initial ownership and operation should fail.
Marina and Floating Home Development:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes
marinas on any lakes
marinas are defined
slips. This will be
zoning ordinance.
opposes the development of any commercial
within Boiling Spring Lakes. Commercial ,
as any dock containing more than ten
supported through revisions to the city's
(b) Piers may be constructed which are in compliance with the
city's zoning ordinance. Piers may not exceed forty (40) feet
in length to ten (10) feet in width. The cross member of a
top pier may not exceed one hundred fifty (150) square feet.
No enclosed structures may be built on any pier.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes opposes the construction of any dry stack
storage facilities for boats associated with or independent of
marinas. This policy is supported by the Boiling Spring Lakes
zoning ordinance.
(d) Boiling Spring Lakes will investigate the adoption of an
ordinance to regulate the location of floating homes within
its jurisdiction. Presently, floating homes are not an issue
or problem within the city. However, Boiling Spring Lakes
IV-4

discourages the anchoring of floating homes within its
' plann.ing.jurisdiction.
Bulkhead Construction: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes does not
' object to bulkhead construction along lakefront shorelines which is
in conformance with the city's zoning ordinance and 404 wetlands
regulations. Bulkheads may be constructed to "retain" previously
eroded property if construction complies with 404 wetlands regula-
tions. It is recognized that bulkhead construction consistent with
this policy may result in the loss of some lakes'/waters' shoreline
vegetation.
Sea Level Rise: Due to its elevation above sea level, 40 to 65
feet, sea level rise is not expected to be a problem for Boiling
' Spring Lakes.
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
' Recreation Resources:
' (a) The city will continue to enforce Sec. 17-144 of the city's
zoning ordinance which requires all planned residential devel-
opment adjoining water areas to make provisions for public
access.
' (b) The city will pursue contributions of land from the Reeves --
Telecom Corporation to be preserved as conservation and open
space areas.
' (c) On all small lakes, drainage easements will be maintained and
utilized to provide public access to the lakes.
(d) The city will develop a long-range comprehensive recreation
plan. The plan will focus on establishing additional park
areas and organized year-round recreation programs.
(e) Boiling Spring Lakes will refine existing zoning and related
ordinances to provide a more unified waterfront development
character, preserve and make maximum use of existing natural
' areas and green spaces, minimize impacts of natural hazards,
and preserve public access to all lakes.
Off -Road Vehicles: Off -road vehicle use which is consistent with
' the Boiling Spring Lakes' City Ordinance, Chapter 15, will be
allowed.
' Productive Agricultural Lands: There are not any productive agri-
cultural lands located in Boiling Spring Lakes. The soils which
have the greatest agricultural potential have been committed to
development. However, where agricultural production is occurring
' within Boiling Spring Lakes' jurisdiction, the city supports and
encourages use of the U.S. Soil Conservation Services Best Manage-
ment Practices program to protect productive agricultural lands.
IV-5

Productive Forest Lands: There are not any productive forest lands
located in Boiling Spring Lakes. However, where commercial forest
production may occur, the city supports the utilization of the
Forest Best Management Practices Manual, 1989, North Carolina
Division of Forest Resources, for all forestry operations.
Residential, Commercial and Industrial/Development Impacts on
Resources: Residential, commercial and industrial development will
be allowed which is consistent with the city's zoning ordinance and
the policies contained in this plan. High density development will
be discouraged in areas containing hydric soils and in rural
classified areas. Development will be prohibited in conservation
areas including shoreline areas which may be subject to flooding.
However, this policy shall not apply to docks, piers, bulkheads,
other shoreline stabilization structures and water access
facilities.
Water Resource Areas: There are not any marine resource areas in
Boiling Spring Lakes. All water bodies are fresh water resource
areas.
(a) The lakes are considered a valuable recreational and environ-
mental resource. The city desires to protect public rights
for navigation and recreation and to preserve and manage the
areas so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological,
economic and aesthetic value.
(b) The city will allow the construction of docks and piers which '
meet the policies of this plan and the city's zoning
ordinance.
(c) The city will object to the designation of Boiling Spring Lake '
as a public trust area.
C . ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT '
Boiling Spring Lakes desires to maintain its residential character.
Commercial and light industrial development will be limited and '
tightly controlled. Conservation areas will be protected and
densities will be limited to those defined in the land classifi-
cation section. Those densities are consistent with the City of '
Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance.
Water Supply: During the planning period, it will not
ically feasible to develop a central water system. The
its residents will continue to rely on individual wells
supply. However, the city will support construction o
water system.as soon as it is economically feasible.
be econom-
city and t
for water
f a central
Sewer System: During the planning period, it will not be econom-
ically feasible to develop a central sewer system. The city will
continue to rely on package treatment plants and septic tanks for
sewage disposal. However, the city will support construction of a
central sewer system as soon as it is economically feasible.
IV-6

' Stormwater•
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will cooperate with the NCDOT, the North
' Carolina Division of Environmental Management, and other state
agencies in mitigating the impact of stormwater runoff on all
conservation classified areas. The city will support the
Division of Environmental Management stormwater runoff reten-
tion permitting process through its zoning permit system.
(b) The city will attempt to apply for grant funds and utilize
' Powell Bill funds to improve stormwater drainage systems
associated with existing rights -of -way.
' (c) The city will seek the cooperation of the Reeves -Telecom
Corporation to develop an agreement/solution to facilitate
street maintenance on streets along which the corporation owns
the drainage easements leading into the streets.
' (d) The city will consider adopting a city-wide comprehensive
master drainage plan.
' Energy Facility Siting and Development: There are no electric
generating or other power generating plants located in or proposed
' for location within Boiling Spring Lake's planning jurisdiction.
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will review proposals for development or
expansion of electric generating plants within its vicinity on
' a case -by -case basis, judging the need for the facility
against all identified possible adverse impacts. The city
reserves the right to comment on the impacts of any energy
facility, construction or expansion within southeast Brunswick
County.
(b) In the event that offshore oil or gas is discovered, Boiling
' Spring Lakes supports and requests full disclosure of develop-
ment plans, with mitigative measures that will be undertaken
to prevent adverse impacts on the environment, the infra-
structure, and the social systems of Brunswick County.
Boiling Spring Lakes also requests full disclosure of any
adopted plans. Offshore drilling and development of onshore
' support facilities in Brunswick County may have severe costs
for the city and county as well as advantages. The costs must
be borne by the company(ies) with profit(s) from offshore
drilling and onshore support facilities.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes supports the establishment/acquisition of
easements by CP&L for utility line extensions.
Redevelopment of Developed Areas: There are not any redevelopment
issues facing Boiling Spring Lakes during the planning period. The
only issue maybe reconstruction following a hurricane or other
' natural disaster. The city will allow the reconstruction of any
structures demolished by natural disaster when the reconstruction
complies with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations.
IV-7

However, reconstruction cannot be more intense than that which
'
previously existed. This is governed by the city's zoning
ordinance.
Types and Locations of Desired Industry: Only light industries as
,
defined by the Boiling Spring Lakes Zoning Ordinance will be
allowed. The city will permit any industrial development which
will not adversely affect the natural environment or the quality of
'
established residential area. In addition, the following
industrial development policies will apply:
(a) Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of
'
smoke, dust, glare, noise, and vibrations, and those which
deal primarily in hazardous products such as explosives,
should not be located in Boiling Spring Lakes.
,
(b) Industrial development and/or industrial zoning should not
infringe on established residential development.
'
Commitment to State and Federal Programs: Boiling Spring Lakes is
generally receptive to state and federal programs, particularly
those which provide improvements to the city. The city will
,
continue to fully support such programs, especially the following:
the North Carolina Department of Transportation road and bridge
improvement programs, the CAMA planning process, and the Corps of
I
Engineers regulatory and permitting efforts.
Tourism: Boiling Spring Lakes will implement the following '
policies to further the development of tourism:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will support North Carolina Department of '
Transportation projects to improve access to southeastern
Brunswick County.
(b) Boiling Spring Lakes will support projects that will increase '
public access to shoreline areas.
(c) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to support the activities '
of the North Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism;
specifically, the monitoring of tourism -related industry,
efforts to promote tourism -related commercial activity, and
efforts to enhance and provide shoreline resources. '
LC
IV-S

Transportation:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will continue efforts to obtain
' rights -of -way from the Reeves -Telecom Corporation and to
obtain drainage easements from the corporation which are
adjacent to city maintained streets.
' (b) Boiling Spring Lakes.will periodically review local ordinances
relating to speed limits and traffic flow with the goal of
reducing congestion and risk in unsafe areas.
Land Use Trends: No major changes in land uses or trends will
occur during the planning period. Boiling Spring Lakes will
' continue to be a predominately residential community with very
limited commercial or industrial development.
D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES
As the initial step in the preparation of this document Boiling
Spring Lakes prepared and adopted a "Public Participation Plan."
' The plan outlined the methodology for citizen involvement (see
Appendix II). Public involvement was to be generated through
public information meetings, advertising in local newspapers, and
advertised meetings by the Board of Commissioners and Planning
' Board to work on development of the plan_. .
A public information meeting was conducted at the outset of the
' project on October 28, 1991, at 7:00 p.m., in the Boiling Spring
Lakes Municipal Building. Also, a description of the land use plan
preparation process and schedule was published in the State Port
Pilot. Subsequently, meetings of the Planning Board were held on
December 18, 1991; January 30, 1992; and March 4, 1992.
All meetings were open to the public. The Planning Board
' conducted a public information meeting for review of and comment on
the plan on May 26, 1992. The meeting was advertised in the State
Port Pilot.
The preliminary plan was submitted to the Coastal Resources
commission for comment on June 10, 1992. Following receipt of CRC
comments, the plan was amended, and a formal public hearing on the
' final document was conducted on December 22, 1992. The public.
hearing was advertised in the Morning Star on November 20, 1992.
The plan was approved by the Board of Commissioners on December 22,
' 1992, and submitted to the Coastal Resources Commission for
certification. The plan was certified on January 29, 1993.
Citizen input will continue to be solicited, primarily through
the Planning Board, with advertised and adequately publicized
public meetings held to discuss special land use issues and to keep
citizens informed.
IV-9

E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY AND
EVACUATION PLAN
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes is not subject to substantial
hurricane flooding and major water -related damage which normally
accompany major storms. During hurricanes, Boiling Spring Lakes
serves as a refuge area for many beach community residents.
The 1987 land use plan stated that the city had inquired as to
the need to obtain Federal flood insurance and was informed by the
Federal Emergency Management Agency that there is no need for the
city to participate in the program. However, in 1989, the city
adopted a Flood Prevention and Protection Ordinance and now
participates in the National Flood Insurance Program.
Hurricane force winds could cause significant damage in Boiling
Spring Lakes to both structures and overhead utilities. The city
is located in a zone identified by the North Carolina Building Code
as having a reasonable expectation of receiving 100 mph winds
during a major hurricane. The state building code requires that
any new structure be designed to withstand 100 mph winds and that
mobile homes be tied down and anchored.
Brunswick County maintains an up-to-date evacuation plan which
identifies hurricane evacuation routes and shelters, evacuation
instructions, and anticipated evacuation times for different
severities of storms. The plan was prepared in cooperation with
the Brunswick County Civil Preparedness Agency, the North Carolina
Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, and the Division of
Civil Preparedness. The plan has been approved by Brunswick County
and the county's municipalities, including Boiling Spring Lakes.
Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to implement and support the
following storm hazard mitigation, post -disaster recovery and
evacuation policies which were included in the 1987 land use plan:
-- The City of Boiling Spring Lakes supports the efforts of
the Brunswick County Emergency Management Coordinator to
facilitate and encourage the safe evacuation of vulnerable
areas of the county during storm events.
-- Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to support the enforce-
ment of the North Carolina Building Code, particularly the
provisions which require construction standards to meet
wind resistive factors, i.e., design wind velocity.
-- City officials will continue to actively participate in
various scheduled activities of coordination between towns
in the county for storm preparedness, evacuation, and
post -disaster recovery.
IV-10

-- Boiling Spring Lakes will continue to coordinate all
development within the 100-year floodplain with the city's
Inspections Department, North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management, FEMA, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
In addition to these policies, in March, 1992, the Boiling Spring
Lakes City Council appointed a committee to draft an Emergency
Response Plan. The committee included representatives of the
city's Police Department, Boiling Spring Lakes Fire Department, the
city's Public Works Department, Boiling Spring Lakes Rescue Squad,
and the City Council.
IV-11

SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATION!

SECTION V: RELATIONSHIP OF BOILING SPRING LAKES POLICIES
AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS
The 15A NCAC 7B planning guidelines require that Boiling Spring
Lakes must relate the policies section to the land classification
map and provide an indication as to which land uses are appropriate
in each category. The following sections accomplish this
comparison.
A. DEVELOPED CLASS
' Boiling Spring Lakes' developed classification is divided into
the Developed Residential (DR) and Developed Commercial (DC)
categories. The uses allowed in each category are defined in
Section III: Boiling Spring Lakes Land Classification System. Both
' developed classifications are intended to be consistent with the
Boiling Spring Lakes zoning ordinance. As shown on the Land
Classification Map (Map 4), the developed classifications include
' lands which had been subdivided for moderate to high density devel-
opment prior to 1992. These classifications should accommodate all
growth anticipated to occur within Boiling Spring Lakes during the
' planning period. Growth will continue at moderate to high densi-
ties because of the relatively small lot sizes into which most of
t-hp- r-ity's areas have been subdiv-ided. The demand for municipal
services will be concentrated within this classification. The
' majority of the city's residential, commercial,. governmental,
utility, service, health care and industrial uses will be located
in the developed classifications.
B. RURAL CLASS
The rural class provides lands appropriate for agriculture,
' forestry, mineral extraction, and scattered residential develop-
ment. However, scattered public facilities, health care facil-
ities, industrial uses and commercial uses which are consistent
' with the city's zoning ordinance are permitted. While municipal
services will be limited, water service may be extended into the
rural classification to avert poor water quality problems. Density
will continue to be low. The area should remain in large parcels
' averaging five acres or larger in size. The city's R-6 zoning
district will be appropriate for most of the rural classification.
However, other zoning districts may be appropriate and will be
' considered by the city on a case -by -case basis.
C. CONSERVATION CLASS
' The conservation class is intended to provide for the effective
long-term management of the city's sensitive or irreplaceable
fragile and environmentally sensitive areas. The city does not
' include any areas of environmental concern as defined by 15A NCAC
7H. Specifically, the classification includes: 404 wetlands,
pocosins (Carolina bays) and the 100-year floodplain. Development
V-1

should not be permitted in the pocosin areas. Only development '
which is permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and allowed
by the city's zoning ordinance will be allowed in the 404 wetlands
areas. Development in the 100-year floodplain will be limited to ,
uses which are consistent with the city's zoning ordinance. The
conservation classification will deter development from occurring
in approximately 15% of the city's total area. '
v-2

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APPENDIX I
BOILING SPRING LAKES
' POLICY STATEMENTS CONSIDERED BUT NOT ADOPTED
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION POLICY STATEMENTS
Flood Hazard Areas:
' -- The city has fully investigated the desirability and need for
participating in the National Flood Insurance Program. The
Federal Emergency Management Agency has indicated that there
' is no justification for the city's participation in the
program, and therefore, city officials have dropped further
consideration of the issue.
' Development of Sound and Estuarine Islands: There are no sound or
estuarine islands in Boiling Spring Lakes. This policy does not
apply.
Bulkhead Construction: The City of Boiling Spring Lakes does not
object to bulkhead construction along lakefront shorelines which is
' in conformance with the city's zoning ordinance.
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Recreation Resources:
(a) Boiling Spring Lakes will seek to improve its existing public
access points to the lakes. Coastal Area Management Act
funding for public access points will be pursued by the city.
' Water Resource Areas:
-- The City of Boiling Spring Lakes believes that waters of
Boiling Spring Lake and possibly some of the smaller lakes
should be designated as public trust areas as defined by
15ANCAC7H. The following defines public trust areas.
' Public trust areas are all navigable natural bodies of water
and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or mean water
level as the case may be, except privately -owned lakes to which
' the public has no right of access; all water in artificially
created bodies of water containing significant public fishing
resources or other public resources which are accessible to the
' public by navigation from bodies of water in which the public
has rights of navigation; and all waters in artificially
created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights
by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
' In determining whether the public has acquired rights in
artificially created bodies of water, the following factors
shall be considered:

(1)
The
use of
the body of
water by the public,
(2)
The
length
of time the
public has used the area,
(3) The value of public resources in the body of water,
(4) Whether the public resources in the body of water are
mobile to the extent they can move into natural bodies of
water,
(5) Whether the creation of the artificial body of water
required permission from the state, and
(6) The value of the body of water to the public for navigation
from one public area to another public area.
The public has rights in public trust areas including navigation
and recreation In addition, these areas support valuable sports
fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important resources for
economic development. Boiling Spring Lakes will petition the
Coastal Resource Commission for public trust designation of at
least Boiling Spring Lake.
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Estuarine Access: There are not any estuarine shorelines in
Boiling Spring Lakes. This policy does not apply in Boiling Spring
Lakes.
Assistance in Channel Maintenance: This policy does not apply to
Boiling Spring Lakes.

IAPPENDIX II
' CITY OF BOILING SPRING LAKES
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF LAND USE PLAN
FISCAL YEAR 1991-92
' The City of Boiling Spring Lakes has received a FY91-92 Coastal Area
Management Act grant for the update of its existing Land Use Plan.
' Adequate citizen participation in the development of the Plan is essential
to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens
of Boiling Spring Lakes. To ensure such input, the following citizen
participation program will be utilized by the city.
The City of Boiling Spring Lakes Planning Board will be responsible for
supervision of the project. The Board will work with the city's planning
consultant to ensure that the final product will survey existing land use,
' identify policies, develop socioeconomic base data, review existing docu-
ments and ordinances, review community facilities needs, and identify
areas of environmental concern. Specifically, the planning consultant and
the Planning Board will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment of the
following:
-- Developing an effective citizen participation process;
' -- Establishing city policies/strategies to deal with current land
use issues;
' -- Establishing a new base map;
-- Surveying and mapping existing land uses;
-- Identifying and mapping Areas of Environmental Concern, including
404 wetlands.
-- Implementation of the requirements of 15A NCAC 7B.
' At the outset of the project., an article will be prepared for distribution
to a local newspaper (s). The newspapers) will be requested to print the
' article which will include a proposed schedule for completion. The
following schedule will be utilized:
1. October, 1991 -- meet with Boiling Spring Lakes Planning Board to
' review the scope of work. Have the Citizen Participation Plan
adopted.
On October 28, 1991, conduct a public information meeting. The
' meeting will be advertised in a local newspaper. The city will
specifically discuss the policy statements contained in the existing
Boiling Spring Lakes Land Use Plan. The significance of the policy
statements to the CAMA land use planning process shall be described.
The process by which the City of Boiling Spring Lakes will solicit
the views of a wide cross-section of citizens in the development of
the updated policy statements will be explained.
' 2. November, 1991 -- complete identification of existing land use
problems and map of existing land uses. Conduct a meeting with the
Boiling Spring Lakes Planning Board to review completed sections.
1

4. December, 1991, through February, 1992 -- Continue preparation of a
draft Land Use Plan. Conduct two meetings with the Boiling Spring
Lakes Planning Board to review completed sections of the plan.
5. March, 1992 -- present complete draft sections of the plan with policy
statements to the Planning Board.
6. May, 1992 - review draft Land Use Plan with Board of Commissioners,
conduct a public information meeting for review of the proposed plan,
and submit draft of completed Land Use Plan to the Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources staff for review and
comment.
8. Following receipt of CRC comments (estimate September, 1992) --
Present proposed Land Use Plan to Board of Commissioners for adoption,
and conduct a formal public hearing.
All meetings of the Board of Commissioners at which the update of the Land
Use Plan will be discussed will be advertised in a local newspaper(s).
All meetings will be open to the public. The city will encourage and
consider all economic, social, ethnic, and cultural viewpoints. No major
non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Boiling Spring Lakes.
10/28/91