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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCAMA Land Use Plan 1986 Update-1987If COUNTY OF CHOWAN, N.C. CAMA LAND USE PLAN 1986 UPDATE DCM COPY DCM COPY lease do not remove!!!!! Division of Coastal Management Copy PREPARED BY TALBERT,COX & ASSOCIATES, INC. LOCAL ADOPTION : JANUARY 5, 1987 CRC CERTIFICATION : JANUARY 23, 1987 The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Manaaement Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CHOWAN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA LAND USE PLAN: 1986 UPDATE PREPARED FOR CHOWAN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA CHOWAN COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS Alton G. Elmore, Chairman Clara Boswell C. A. Phillips Joe Hollowell Wayne Goodwin PREPARED BY CHOWAN COUNTY PLANNING BOARD Tony Webb Percy White Anthony Hathaway, Jr. James D. Ward Richard Bunch Barbara Burroughs Jack Evans AND CHOWAN COUNTY MANAGER'S OFFICE Luther C. Copeland, County Manager Nancy B. Morgan, Administrative Assistant PLANNING ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY Kenneth Weeden, AICP Talbert, Cox & Associates, Inc. Project Manager m m m = = m = = r=== m = = m m m m r• P%lJAU/A\9 . 0%0%11\1'TV Scale In Mites 0 25 50 75 100 LBEMARLE SOUND MAP 1 Location Map 11 1 1 I CHOWAN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA LAND USE PLAN: 1986 UPDATE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE: Analysis of 1986 Policy Statement/ Implementation Actions v-x SECTION I: Analysis of Existing Conditions A. Establishment of Information Base 1 B. Present Conditions 3 1. Population 3 2. Economic Analysis 11 a. General 11 b. Agricultural 12 c. Commercial Forestry 14 d. Commercial Fishing 14 e. Manufacturing and Commercial Activity 15 f. Tourism 15 g. Employment and Income 16 h. Local Government Revenue Summary 18 i. Economic Summary 18 3. Housing 18 C. Existing Land Use Analysis 20 1. General Patterns 20 2. Significant Land Compatibility Problems 24 3. Major Problems from Unplanned Development 27 4. Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes 27 5. Identification of Areas of Environmental Concern 27 D. Review of Current Plans, Policies, and Regulations 31 E. Constraints: Land Suitability 34 1. Physical Limitations 34 2. Fragile Areas 41 3. Areas with Resource Potential 43 F. Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities 45 1. Water 45 2. Sewer 46 3. Solid Waste 46 4. School Enrollments 46 5. Transportation 47 6. Medical Services 48 7. Emergency and Protective Services 48 8. Other Facilities 49 G. Estimated Demand 49 1. Population and Economy 49 2. Future Land Need 50 3. Community Facilities Need 50 SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS 52 A. Resource Protection 52 1. Areas of Environmental Concern: Development Policies 52 2. Development in Areas with Constraints 55 ii PAGE 3. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs 57 4. Other Resource Protection Policy Areas 57 B. Resource Production and Management Policies 59 1. Agriculture 59 2. Commercial Forestry 60 3. Mining Resource Areas 61 4. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries 62 5. Off -Road Vehicles 63 6. Residential and Commercial Land Development 63 C. Economic and Community Development Policies 64 1. Types and Locations of Desired Industry 64 2. Local Commitment to Service Provisions 66 3. Desired Urban Growth Patterns 67 ' 4. Redevelopment of Developed Areas 69 5. Commitment to State and Federal Programs 70 6. Assistance to Channel Maintenance 70 ' 7. Energy Facilities Siting 70 8. Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access 71 9. Density of Development 72 10. Land Use Trends 73 D. Continuing Public Participation Policies 73 E. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Evacuation Plans 74 , 1. Storm Hazard Mitigation: Discussion 75 a. High Winds b. Flooding 75 75 c. Wave Action 78 d. Erosion 78 e. Summary: Storm Hazard Mitigation Considerations .78 ' f. Policy Statements: Storm Hazard Mitigation 79 g. Implementation: Storm Hazard Mitigation 80 h. Other Mitigation Policy Areas 80 2. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan 81 , 3. Hurricane Evacuation Plan 85 4. Re -Entry 86 SECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 87 A. Developed 88 B. Transition 88 C. Community 90 D. Rural 91 E. Conservation 91 F. Land Classification Summary 93 , SECTION IV: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS 94 ' A. Developed and Transition Classes 94 B. Community Class 94 C. Rural Class 94 D. Conservation Class 95 ' SECTION V: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION 96 111 TABLE NUMBERS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. MAPS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. CHOWAN COUNTY LAND USE PLAN: 1986 UPDATE LIST OF TABLES AND MAPS Chowan County Population 1950-1980, 1995 PAGE with Projections to 1995 3 Historical and Projected Racial Composition of Chowan County 4 Population Projection, Age, Race and Sex, 1985 5 Population Projection, Age, Race and Sex, 1990 6 Population Projection, Age, Race and Sex, 1995 7 Selected Age Group Summary 8 Chowan County Township Population, 1950-1980 8 Chowan County Agricultural Income: 1982-84 13 Chowan County Forestry Income: 1982-84 14 Chowan County Commercial Fishery Income 14 Chowan County: Establishments and Payroll: 1980-83 15 Chowan County Tourism Income: 1981-84 15 Chowan County Unemployment Rate: 1979-1983 16 Families Below Poverty Level: 1969-79 17 Persons with Incomes Below Poverty Level: 1969-79 17 Per Capita Personal Income: 1979-83 17 Property Tax Values, Chowan County, 1981-1984 18 Chowan County Housing Summary 19 Major Land Use Categories in Chowan County 20 Chowan County Water System Capacity 45 Chowan County School Enrollments, 1981-1986 47 Chowan County Highway Mileage - 1982 47 Average Daily Traffic, S.R. 1114, N.C. 32, 1981, 1983, 1985 48 Percent of Structures Subject to Storm Damage Factors 79 Location Map Chowan County Township Map Existing Land Use Map Existing Land Use: Arrowhead-Chowan Beach Existing Land Use: Cape Colony -Country Club General Flood Hazard Areas Estuarine Erosion Areas Areas with Septic Tank Limitations Composite Hazards Land Classification System FIGURES 1. Flooding in the Albemarle Sound from Hurricanes Hazel, Connie, Diane, and Ione (1954-55) iv i 9 (Attached) 22 23 (Attached) 36 (Attached) (Attached) (Attached) 77 PREFACE CHOWAN COUNTY LAND USE PLAN UPDATE, 1986 Analysis of 1981 Policy Statements/Implementation Actions The CAMA Land Use Plan for coastal communities is essentially a policy document aimed at guiding localities toward sound growth management. Because circumstances, conditions, and issues change over time, the Coastal Resources Commission, under State law, requires the local land use plans to be updated every five years in order to "take a second look" at old policies for their relevance as well as examine newly emerging trends and concerns. The Commission is also requiring in all 1986 updates an assessment of the previous policy statements and implementation steps taken to effectuate them. This summary analysis of the 1981 policies is being presented here as a "Preface" to the 1986 Plan Update of Chowan County's Plan. Note that in the 1981 Plan, Chowan County's Policy Statements were presented as "Development Issues." DEVELOPMENT ISSUES Policy/Implementation 1. POLICY STATEMENT - It shall be the policy of Chowan County to encourage the State of North Carolina to widen U.S. 17 from 2 to 4 lanes, from Virginia to South Carolina, but does not consider it a high priority issue. The County will, as part of this poli- cy, support adequate local planning in order to guide and control the types and locations of future development which will result from this project. IMPLEMENTATION - Close coordination will be maintained between the County Manager's office and the NCDOT to ensure prior knowledge of any decision to 4-lane U.S. 17 through Chowan County. In the interim, the County Planning Board will seek CAMA planning grant funds within the next 2 years to study each intersection which may be impacted by such a project and deter- mine the optimum land use types and locations most desirable. Within the next five years, the County will study the possibility of preparing a County- wide zoning ordinance which would include zoning recommendations for the subject intersections. Status/Relevancy Actions 1. Ongoing concern. Partly implemented. According to the State Transportation Improvement Program, 2 new inter- sections with the U.S. 17 Bypass around Edenton will be constructed, i.e., one each at Albemarle Street and Paradise Road. Also, the feasibility of a County -wide zoning ordi- nance was explored, but such an ordinance was determined to be unneces- sary at the time. I 1 u 1 1 I Policy/Implementation 2. POLICY STATEMENT - It shall be the policy of Chowan County, along the waterfronts, to informally acknowledge second home and other types of resid- ential developments, as long as they meet all the requirements of the County's subdivision regulations and other ordinances and policies in effect at the time of their development. IMPLEMENTATION•- The County will continue to enforce its subdivision regulations, and will, in the next 2-4 years, investigate the need for a County -wide zoning ordinance. 3. POLICY STATEMENT - It has been and shall continue to be a policy of Chowan County to participate with all con- cerned units of local governments and state and federal agencies to seek a resolution of the problems of pollution of the Chowan River in order to increase its value to Chowan County as a natural recreational and commercial fishing resource. Chowan County con- siders the pollution of the Chowan River a top priority. IMPLEMENTATION - The County Manager or his representative will attend intergovernmental and/or interagency meetings in which progress on the prob- lem is to be discussed. 4. Natural Hazard Areas - Excessive Erosion Areas - Estuarine and River Erodible Areas - To ensure that devel- opment occurring within these areas is compatible with the dynamic nature of the erodible lands, thus minimizing the likelihood of significant loss of prop- erty. IMPLEMENTATION - Chowan County will, as it has in the past, ensure that future developments will not nega- tively affect the County's fragile Status/Relevancy Actions 2. Second -home develop- ment is no longer consid- ered to be a problem. In 1985, the County adopted a partial zoning ordinance covering only the Cape Colony -Country Club area near the Edenton Municipal Airport; however, broader zoning is still an issue as other parts of the County develop. 3. Ongoing concern, con- tinuing implementation. 4. Partially implemented, although public access to waterways is still an ongoing concern. vi Policy/Implementation cultural and natural resources. Through locally adopted plans, regula- tions, and ordinances, the County will ensure compatibility with state and federal statutes applicable to these areas, thus preserving and protecting them, and access to them for all the citizens of Chowan County. Land uses permitted within these areas are listed in the definition of the "conservation" land classification in Chapter VI of this plan update (1981). 5. POLICY STATEMENT - It is considered to be in the best interest of Chowan County to encourage cluster types of residential development in areas already being developed for that pur- pose. It shall, therefore, be the policy of Chowan County to encourage cluster residential development and the development of service -oriented commer- cial establishments in these same areas in locations such that they do not become incompatible with the residen- tial developments. IMPLEMENTATION - Encouragement of these types of development will be made through locally adopted plans, regula- tions, and ordinances in effect at the present time and through those which may be enacted in the future. The Tax Supervisor has and will have the responsibility of enforcing the subdiv- ision regulations. As other ordinances are adopted, responsibility of enforce- ment will be assigned as appropriate. 6. POLICY STATEMENT - The County shall evaluate in 1981-82 the recreational needs of Chowan County on a periodic basis, and shall include in those eval- uations a determination of actual need for more public access points and facilities. As such access points and facilities are shown to be needed, the County will seek technical assistance and funding to see that said facilities Status/Relevancy Actions L1 5. This policy was not implemented through ordi- nances. Since 1981, how- ever, a partial zoning ordinance and a mobile , home ordinance has been adopted by the County. Both ordinances are geared toward relatively low - density development. I� u 1 6. Not implemented. Public access is still an issue in Chowan County. ' 1 vii Status/Relevancy Policy/Implementation Actions are made available to the citizens of Chowan County. Water access in new shoreline developments is covered in the subdivision regulations. 7. POLICY STATEMENT - It shall be the 7. Active, ongoing con - policy of Chowan County to cooperate cern. The County did with the Town of Edenton and the local correspond with the Eden - Chamber of Commerce in seeking new ton Chamber of Commerce. industries, which substantially meet the industry type of "light manufactur- ing and assembly operations," and/or which do not require large amounts of water for their processing, to locate in either the Edenton Industrial Park or on land near the Airport, which is considered suitable for industrial purposes. Further, it shall be the policy of Chowan County not to exclude other types of industries locating in Chowan County, except that any new industry must not require large amounts of public water, nor will it be of an industrial type which inherently has the potential of disturbing the envi- ronment of Chowan County. IMPLEMENTATION - The County Board of Commissioners, through its regular contacts with and participation in the local Chamber of Commerce, will make known the above -stated policy. As evidence of this policy, the County Manager will write a letter to that organization stating this and other policies contained in this plan which relate either directly or indirectly to industrial development within Chowan County. 8. POLICY STATEMENT - Because of 8. Presently being imple- existing sanitary problems in the Cape mented. Funds from the Colony area, and because of the poten- State, the Town of Eden- tial of new industrial development on ton, and Chowan County, land near the airport, it shall be the combined, will finance policy of Chowan County to investigate this feasibility study (to means of organizing a sanitary sewer be completed in 1987). district in the area generally in the vicinity of the airport. viii Policy/Implementation IMPLEMENTATION - The County will apply to the appropriate state/federal agency for funds to be used to prepare a preliminary study of the feasibility of installing sewer lines in existing developed areas in the vicinity of the airport. Further, this study will address the feasibility of installing lines of sufficient size to accommodate industries as described in the "Edenton Industrial Park Feasibility Study" as noted in this plan. Either as part of this study or as a separate study, the County shall investigate state statutes applicable to the formation of an independent sanitary sewer district in this area to determine if all statutes could be met. These studies will be prepared within the next two years. 9. POLICY STATEMENT - It shall be the policy of Chowan County to attempt to identify any concentrations of substan- dard housing conditions within the County. Further, it shall be the poli- cy of the County to seek assistance from state and federal agencies to determine the most appropriate course of action toward improving such condi- tions. IMPLEMENTATION - Upon publication of the 1980 Census, the County will apply to appropriate state and/or fed- eral agencies for a planning grant for the preparation of a County -wide housing study which should identify specific areas which may meet funding criteria of the appropriate state and/or federal agencies for the redevelopment of those areas. 10. POLICY STATEMENT - It shall be the poli-c-y--oY Chowan County to continue its commitment to state and federal pro- grams (i.e., highway improvements, dredge and fill operations, erosion control, etc.) where and when appli- cable to Chowan County. Status/Relevancy Actions u 9. Not implemented, but , still an ongoing concern. 10. Implemented. Ongoing concern. 1 11 ix Status/Relevancy Policy/Implementation Actions 11. POLICY STATEMENT - It shall be the 11. Ongoing concern. The policy of Chowan County to actively newspaper notice concept solicit input from the citizens of was not implemented. Chowan County into the planning process on a regular basis. ' IMPLEMENTATION - The County Mana- ger's office will place a notice in a newspaper with local distribution stating the time, place, and subjects to be discussed of each County Planning Board meeting. Such notice shall be so made one week prior to each Planning Board meeting date. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1_ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SECTION I Analysis of Existing Conditions and Projected Demand J I I 1 CHOWAN COUNTY LAND USE PLAN A. ESTABLISHMENT OF INFORMATION BASE This 1986 Land Use Plan Update for Chowan County has been prepared in accordance with requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). Specifically, this document complies with Subchapter 7B, "Land Use Planning Guidelines," of the North Carolina Administrative Code, as amended, June 1985. The initial CAMA Land Use Plan was prepared jointly for Chowan County and the Town of Edenton in 1976, and the first update in 1981. The 1981 Update did not include the Town of Edenton, but was a separate plan for Chowan County. According to the Land Use Planning Guidelines, the major purpose of periodic updating of local land use plans is to identify and analyze newly emerging community issues and problems. An additional element which was not required in either the 1976 Plan or the 1981 Update is a "Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery, and Hurricane Evacuation Plan," and is required to be included in the 1986 Update. This element is designed to help local governments coor- dinate effective policies and actions relating to the impact of hurricanes or other severe storms. The guidelines further give the following objectives the update should meet: ° to further define and refine local policies and issues; ° to further examine and refine the land classification system and the land classification map; ° to assess the effectiveness of the existing land use plan and its implementation; • to further explore implementation procedures, and; ° to promote a better understanding of the land use plan- ning process. Both the 1976 Land Use Plan and the 1981 Update provided some of the needed information base for this most recent update. However, in many cases, new information had to be developed. A number of data sources were tapped during the preparation of this plan in order to prepare updated analyses of population, housing, economics, (including agriculture, fisheries, and forestry), and existing land uses. Most of the data came from primary and secondary sources in the form of direct contacts with represen- tatives of various state and federal agencies and/or previously published documents or reports. Also, "windshield" surveys were conducted to obtain data on existing land use patterns. Inter- views were conducted with various County officials. Efforts were made to obtain data that was as up to date and accurate as pos- sible. 1 The data analysis showed that in most cases, the changes since 1981 (the last update year) have not been dramatic, while in other cases, some trends appear to be emerging. Some major conclusions of the updated land use plan are: Chowan County's population grew between 1970 and 1980, reversing a twenty -year -old trend of population losses. Population growth is projected to continue through 1995, with some notable shifts in age ratios, i.e., decline in school -age population, increase in the elderly popula- tion. The Edenton and Middle Townships are projected to receive most of the growth. ° The economic importance of agriculture is firmly esta- blished and will remain so in the County throughout the next 10 years. However, manufacturing, service, and tourism are all increasing in economic importance. ° The overall land development pattern, being one with a predominantly rural, scattered character, will likely continue in most parts of the County. Areas with the greatest potential for urbanization are those areas currently urbanizing, i.e., Arrowhead, Chowan Beach, and the Cape Colony Country Club areas. Some of the data sources utilized in preparing this document include: ° U. S. Census of Population and Housing, 1980, U. S. Department of Commerce. ° N. C. Office of State Budget and Management, Demographic Section. ° 1981 Chowan County Land Use Plan. ° Before the Storm: Managing Development To Reduce Hurricane Damages, McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, 1982. 1 11 1 I7 LI I 2 �I 1 1 1 I I L B. PRESENT CONDITIONS 1. Population Chowan County, located in predominantly rural Northeast North Carolina on the north side of the Albemarle Sound, has one of the smaller county populations of the State's 100 counties. Notice Table 1, below, which shows the decennial population of Chowan County from 1950 to 1980, with 1985 estimates and projections to 1990 and 1995. TABLE 1: Chowan County Population: 1950-1980, With Projections to 1995 Num. Pct. Year Population Change Change 1950 12,540 -- -- 1960 11,729 -811 - 6.5 1970 10,764 -965 - 8.2 1980 12,558 +1,794 +16.7 *1985 12,960 + 402 + 3.2 *1990 13,497 + 537 + 4.1 *1995 13,808 + 311 + 2.3 Source: U. S. Census (Provided by Albemarle Commission) * Projections by the N. C. Office of State Budget & Management The population trends in Chowan County showed a strong, steady decline from 1950 to 1970, as Table 1 shows. From 1950 to 1970, the County lost a total of 1,776 persons or 14.2% over the 20-year period, with the strongest decrease occurring between 1960 and 1970. However, beginning with the 1980 Census, the County appears to be in a significant growth pattern, gaining more people within that one decade than it lost during the previous two. This pat- tern of increasing population within Chowan County is supported by recent projections made by the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management. Growth, though moderating, continued from 1980 to 1985, and is projected to continue through 1995. 3 m it' a. Composition I TABLE 2: Historical & Projected Racial Composition I Chowan County White Total M Non -White Total M Year M F M F 1970 3,035 3,192 6,227 (58%) 2,227 2,310 4,537 (42%) 1980 3,501 3,793 7,294 (58%) 2,408 2,856 5,264 (42%) *1985 3,550 3,908 7,458 (57.5%) 2,464 3,038 5,502 (42.5%) *1990 3,675 4,055 7,730 (57%) 2,528 3,239 5,767 (43%) *1995 3,714 4,173 7,887 (57%) 2,526 3,395 5,921 (43%) Sources: U. S. Census; N. C. Office of State Budget & Management; State Data Center; Albemarle Commission *Projections by Office of State Budget & Management I The racial composition of Chowan County's population has remained fairly constant since 1970. Both whites and non -whites in Chowan are projected to experience steady, but moderate popula- tion increases through 1995. The proportion of whites to non- whites is also projected to remain about the same throughout the period. This trend may indicate that more younger people in the County are choosing to remain in Chowan County, narrowing the previous flow of out migration. The following Tables 3, 4, and 5, which depict the projected population of Chowan County for 1985, 1990, and 1995 by age, race and sex, show that females will continue to outnumber males in the , County at a gradually increasing rate through the planning period (i.e., through 1995). The percent of females will grow from about 51% in 1970 to nearly 55% by 1995. This is partially due to the somewhat longer average lifespan for females than males, resulting in more widows. These tables show also that the relationship between the over- all age groups in Chowan County are not projected to change sig- nificantly. In general, the trend appears that Chowan County's older population (60 and over) is gradually increasing as a per- cent of the total population, while the middle and perhaps more productive age groups of from 20 to 59, will remain about the same, percentage -wise. I 1 AGE TOTAL 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30 -34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70 -74 75-79 ' 80-84 85EUP CHOWAN ESTIMATED POPULATION, JULY is 19859 BY AGE, RACE, AND SEX WHITE OTHER TOTAL TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE 12960 7458 3550 3908 5502 2464 3038 909 413 202 211 496 244 252 989 450 221 229 539 257 282 950 496 259 237 454 211 243 873 426 223 203 447 174 273 996 497 261 236 499 228 271 984 518 259 259 466 187 279 960 -, 483 241 242 477 221 256 891 534 268 266 357 163 194 670 437 198 239 233 - 104 129 614 422 200 222 192 89 103 653 440 207 233 213 94 119 708 484 226 258 224 99 125 767 529 251 278 238 109 129 620 418 191 227 202 88 114 536 348 159 189 188 82 106 380 256 96 .160 124 52 72 253 179 52 127 74 30 44 207 128 36 92 79 32 47 PERCENT OF COLUMN TOTAL 0-4 7.01 5.54 5.69 5.40 9.01 9.90 - 8 5-9 7.63 6.03 6.23 5.86 9.80 10.43 9 10-14 7.33 6.65 7.30 6.06 8.25 8.56 8 15-19 6.74 5.71 6.28 5.19 8.12 7.06 8 20-24 7.69 6.66 7.35 6.04 9.07 9.25 8 7.59 6.95 7.30 6.63 8.47 7.59 9 t25-29 30-34 .7.41 6.48 6.79 6,19 8.67 8.97 8 35-39 6.87 7.16 7.55 6.81 6.49 6.62 6 40-44 5.17 5.86 5.58 6.12 4.23 4.22 4 45-49 4.74 5.66 5.63 5.68 3.49 3.61 3 50-54 5.04 5.90 5.83 5.96 3.87 3.81 3 '�55-59 5.46 6.49 6.37 6.60 4.07 4.02 4 60-64 5.92 7.09 7.07 7.11 4.33 4.42 4 65-69 4.78 5.60 5.38 5.81- 3.67 3.57 3 70-74 4.14 4.67 4.48 4.84 3.42 3.33 3 2.93 3.43 2.70 4.09 2.25 2.11 2 �75-79 . 80-84 1.95 2.40 1.46 3.25 1.34 1.22 1 85EUP 1.60 1.72 1.01 2.35 1.44 1.30 1 L�i SOURCE - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICE OF STATE BUDGET S MANAGEMENT 5 .29 .28 .00 .99 .92 .18 .43 .39 .25 .39 .92 .11 .25 .75 .49 .37 .45 .55 BASED ON 70-80'CENSUS DATA PREPARED MAY 99 1985 CHOWAN PROJECTED POPULATION, APRIL 1, 19909 BY AGE, RACE, AND SEX WHITE OTHER AGE TOTAL TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE , TOTAL 13497 7730 3675 4055 5767 2528 3239 0-4 916 412 203 209 504 249 255 5-9 663 420 226 194 443 209 234 10-14 1088 484 235 249 604 280 324 15-19 970 507 258 249 463 212 251 20-24 749 365 192 173 384 124 260 25-29 30-34 894 1037 466 557 242 282 224 275 428 480 184 183 244 297 35-39 975 482 231 251 493 230 263 40-44 921 570 289 281 351 159 192 45-49 681 455 206 249 226 97 129 50-54 636 443 209 234 193 90 103 55-59 704 485 226 259 219 96 123 60-64 716 507 234 273 209 93 116 65-69 785 538 253 285 247 111 136 70-74 581 388 172 216 193 82 111 75-79 452 296 122 174 156 65 91 80-84 283 196 56 140 87 32 55 85EUP 246 159 39 120 87 32 55 PERCENT OF COLUMN TOTAL 0-4 6.79 5.33 5.52 1 5.15 8.74 9.85 7.87 5-9 6.39 5.43 6.15 4.78 7.68 8.27 7.22 10-14 8.06 6.26 6.39 6.14 10.47 11.08 10.00 15-19 7.19 6.56 7.02 6.14 8.03 8.39 7.75 20-24 5.55 4.72 5.22 4.27 6.66 4.91 8.03 25-29 6.62 6.03 6.59 5.52 7.42 7.28 7.53 30-34 7.68 7.21 7.67 6..78 8.32 7.24 9.17 35-39 7.22 6.24 6.29 6.19 8.55 9.10 8.12 40-44 6.82 7.37 7.86 6.93 6.09 6.29 5.93 45-49 5.05 5.89 5.61 6.14 3.92 3.84 3.98 , ;50-54 4. l 5.73 5.69 5.77 3.35 3.56 3.18 55-59 60-64 5.22 5.30 6.27 6.56 6.15 6.37 6.39 6.73 3.80 3.62 3.80 3.68 3.80 3.58 65-69 5.82 6.96 6.88 7.03* 4.28 4.39 4.20 70-74 4.30 5.02 4.68 5.33 3.35 3.24 3.43 75-79 3.35 3.83 3.32 4.29 2.71 2.57 2.81 80-84 2.10 2.54 1.52 3.45 1.51 1.27 1.70 85CUP 1.82 2.06 1.06 2.96 1.51 1.27 1.70 SOURCE - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICE OF STATE BUDGET C MANAGEMENT PREPARED MAY 9, 1985 s 1 1 !I CHOWAN PROJECTED POPULATION, JULY 1, 19959 BY AGE, RACE, AND SEX WHITE OTHER AGE TOTAL TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL 13808 7887 3714 4173 5921 2526 .3395 0-4 862 383 189 194 479 237 242 5-9 987 436 214 222 551 263 288 10-14 877 431 224 207 446 207 239 15-19 932 425 207 218 507 211 296 20-24 863 465 233 232 398 171 227 25-29 792 401 213 188 391 121 270 30-34 900 468 234 234 432 181 251 35-39 1052 584 296 288 468 175 293 40-44 988 514 247 267 474 210 264 45-49 925 582 291 291 343 150 193 50-54 731 501 227 274 230 96 134 55-59 648 470 217 253 178 81 97 60-64 65-69 718 684 497 482 230 216 267 266 221 202 94 87 127 115 70-74 684 473 208 265 211 91 120 75-79 485 327 127 200 158 63 95 80-84 353 239 80 159 114 44 70 85SUP 327 209 61 148 118 44 74 PERCENT OF COLUMN TOTAL 0-4 6.24 4.86 5.09 '' 4.65 8.09 9.38 7.13 5-9 10-14 7.15 6.35 5.53 5.46 5.76 6.03 5.32 4.96 9.31 7.53 10.41 8.19 8.48 7.04 15-19 6.75 5.39 5.57 5.22 8.56 8.35 8.72 20-24 6.25 5.90 6.27 5.56 6.72 6.77 6.69 25-29 5.74 5.08 5.74 4.51 6.60 4.79 7.95 30-34 6.52 5.93 6.30 5.61 7.30 7.17 7.39 35-39 7.62 7.40 7.97 6.90 7.90 6.93 .8.63 7.16 6.52 6.65 6.40 8.01 8.31 7.78 140-44 6.70 7.38 7.84 6.97 5.79 5.94 5.68 1.45-49 50-54 5.29 6.35 6.11 6.57 3.88 3.80 3.95 55-59 4.69 5.96 5.84 6.06 3.01 3.21 2.86 60-64 5.20 6.30 6.19 6.40 3.73 3.72 3.74 65-69 4.95 6.11 5.82 6.37* 3.41 3.44 3.39 70-74 4.95 6.00 5.60 6.35 3.56 3.6Q 3.53 75-79 3.51 4.15 3.42 4.79 2.67 2.49 2.80 80-84 2.56 3.03 2.15 3.81 1.93 1.74 2.06 85SUP 2.37 2.65 1.64 3.55 1.99 1.74 2.18 SOURCE - NORTH CAROLINA CFFICE OF BASED ON 70-80 CENSUS DATA STATE BUDGET S MANAGEMENT PREPARED .MAY 91 1985 7 L� I I LI 1 I r] 1 However, it is quite interesting to note that from 1985 to 1990, the school -age population in the County (from 5-19) is proj- ected to increase by 109 persons, but decline by 125 between 1990 and 1995, yielding a net 10-year loss of 16 potential students. Chowan County has a declining school -age population (see Table 6, below). TABLE 6: Selected Age Group Summary: 1985-1995 % Num. Num. Total Selected Total Change Change Change Age Group 1985 Pop. 1990 (85-90) 1995 (90-95) 85-95 5-19 2,812 21.7 2,921 109 2,796 -125 - 16 20-59 6,476 49.9 6,597 121 6,899 302 423 60+ 2,763 21.3 3,063 300 3,251 188 488 Source: N.C. State Data Center, Office of State Budget and Management b. Dispersal There are four (4) Townships in Chowan County, as Map 2, page 9 shows. The County's population is dispersed throughout the Townships, with the largest concentrations being in the Edenton and Middle Townships. The Town of Edenton is included in the Edenton Township, and two large subdivisions, Arrowhead and Chowan Beaches, are located in the Middle Township. Most of the rest of the population is located in rural communities at crossroads intersections with major highways or paved secondary routes in areas such as Rockyhock, Valhalla, Smalls Crossroads, Welch, and Center Hill. Table 7, below, shows the population within each township from 1950 to 1980. TABLE 7: Chowan County Township Population: 1950-80 Pct./Num. Change Township 1950 1960 1970 1980 70/80 Edenton 7,508 7,294 6,814 7,790 +976 (+14.3) Edenton (4,468) (4,458) 4,766 (5,357) +591 (+12.4) Middle 2,232 2,244 1,840 2,557 +717 (+39.0) Upper 1,499 1,449 1,278 1,294 + 16 (+ 1.3) Yeopim 1,301 762 832 917 + 85 (+10.2) Sources: U. S. Census; Albemarle Commission Edenton Township, which includes the Town of Edenton, gained 976 persons between 1970 and 1.980, with the Town gaining 591 of those persons during the period. This is perhaps indicative of new residences being developed, both inside and outside, but near 0 f C O u N T r - I E S CHOWAN COUNTY i •.[Iw,) O•��S,A,1 ,A.v+rw0IgA08 G I �) NORTH CAROLINA •.A M• )••llwN ON llcy,AUI gAL1 / .• �) yurrN 1 U• AN 1.1• Z NORTH CAROIINA DEPARTMENT Of TRANSPORTATION ^I r \L.\ /• - (( DIVISION Of NIGNWATS-TIA-C. AND.tkA.CN btVA M US DtrA■l..,N, Or T=5POlTAnoN �- ttDE,At NG—AT AD—$TW . �, �•,i O t;TOWNSHIPS H I R T► O R 0 t--UPPER TWP. COUNTY • / �� J„ w� ,,...• _.,,)�„ ` ��JJ 1�---*^ MIDDLE TWP. EDENTON TWP. ,.. Y E O P 1 M TWP. • 0 1 • ,r1 � �• �� p _ I �s Av _ '�:::•.• ( � �Li tear•+• �_ �. •\ , � 1 try rrr A.v, I. •II ,iL . "" M Iu. J ' ,� i�1T /�. •.•L D f Lm � 5 / \'� I L E M A R ���•� 9 1 n I7 I 1 1 1 the Town limits of Edenton. It appears that the growth trend of the Edenton Township will likely continue. While all four Town- ships experienced population gains from 1970-80, the Middle Town- ship grew at the fastest rate--39.0%. In the northwest section of this Township, soils are more suitable for placement of septic tanks, which is important because of the absence of a centralized sewer system in the County. Additional significant growth is forecast for the Middle Township throughout this planning period. c. Seasonal Population There appears to be a growing number of "second homes" being developed or mobile homes being placed along the Albemarle Sound and Chowan River, contributing to some seasonal population changes. Also, "Historic Edenton," one of the earliest settle- ments in colonial North Carolina, continues to be a tourist attraction in Chowan County and contributes to some seasonal pop- ulation increases. Unlike some other coastal areas, however, currently there are no major fluctuations in the population which would exert undue pressures on the provision of public facilities or services. 10 d. Population Summary I The analysis of existing and projected population in Chowan County suggests the following trends: (1) A three -decade -old trend of population losses ended in 1980 and has been replaced by a gradual growth trend, projected through 1995. The racial composition of the County has remained stable and is projected to continue, with non -whites com- posing about 43% of the population. Also, females will continue to outnumber males and increase in overall percentages throughout the planning period. (2) Overall, the older segment of the population (60 and over), is projected to increase as a percent of the total population, while the percent of the middle age -ranges (from 20-59) will increase in numbers, but remain fairly stable as a percentof the total population through 1995. Since the older population is projected to increase some- what, there is suggested a need for more elderly care facilities. (3) There should be no "major" shifts in the school - age population throughout the planning period, except for a slight decrease in the number of potential pupils. Therefore, it is suggested that there will be no need for expanded educational facilities on the basis of increased population. (4) The increased population growth from 1985 to 1995 will likely concentrate in the Edenton and Middle Townships, with some increase also in the Yeopim Township (Cape Colony - Country Club area). A total of 848 additional persons are projected for Chowan during the period. At an average household size of 2.5 persons (which is slightly smaller than the 1980 Census average of 2.85, but consis- tent with national trends), this would translate into 339 additional households. 2. Economic Analysis a. General The economic picture for Chowan County has steadily been improving. The County's economic base continues to be primarily agricultural, but with increasing diversification. Other signifi- cant elements of Chowan County's economy include manufacturing, commercial forestry, and commercial fishing. Existing economic conditions are discussed in more detail, below. i 11 Ib. Agricultural Total farm income has fluctuated since the 1981 Land Use Plan Update, as Table 8, page 12 shows. Between 1983 and 1984, regular farm income actually decreased by nearly 3 million dollars in 1983. Even when government payments, particularly the Payment - in -Kind (PIK) program, which was a one-year program in 1983, are taken into account, total farm income in 1983 was still 5% less than that for 1982. However, there was some slight overall gain in 1983. Field crops and vegetables, most notably peanuts, soy- beans, corn, cotton, tobacco, sweet potatoes, and watermelons, produce the most farm income. Livestock production, mostly hogs, accounts for the majority of the rest of farm income. Income from hog production and from beef production declined during the period 1982-1984. It is interesting to note that, perhaps consistent with national trends, the number of farms and total farm acreage in Chowan County is declining. According to the 1982 U.S. Census of Agriculture: Preliminary Report, between 1978 and 1982, the total number of farms declined from 302 to 259 during the period. This decrease by 53 farms represents a total decrease of 17%, or about four.farms per year. However, it appears that some smaller farms became part of larger ones, since although the number of farms declined, the average size of each farm rose from 184 acres in 1978 to 211 acres in 1982. This trend of fewer, but larger farms in Chowan County is significant. 1 �I L� 1 1 12 TABLE 8: Chowan County Agricultural Income: 1982-84 Agricultural Income (0001s) Field Crops 1982 1983 1984 1. Peanuts 4.724 4.566 5.764 2. Soybeans 3.163 2.895 2.731 3. Corn (for grain) 3.217 2.156 2.795 4. Cotton (lint) 1.974 1.007 2.208 5. Tobacco, Flue -cured 1.371 .943 1.126 6. Cotton seed .184 .239 .652 7. Wheat .300 .189 .242 8. Other (rye, grain, .169 .289 .103 sorghum, oats, etc.) Subtotal 15.102 12.284 15.621 *Vegetables and berries 2.910 3.364 3.960 Nursery & Greenhouse .360 .550 .550 Livestock Hogs 4.578 3.347 3.347 Beef .384 .379 .378 Poultry 1.855 2.490 1.818 Honey .117 .063 .063 Subtotal 10.204 10.193 10.116 Total Regular Income 25.306 22.477 25.737 *Government Payments -0- -1.481 .188 TOTAL 25.306 23.958 25.925 Source: N.C. Agricultural Extension Service - Annual Estimate of Cash Farm Income * Includes Payment -in -Kind (PIK) Program Income 13 rl�c. Commercial Forestry TABLE 9: Chowan County Forestry Income, 1982 - 1984 1982 1983 1984 Pulpwood $ 29,790 $ 570,200 $ 16,000 Lumber 42,255 2,280,800 534,432 'z Total $ 72,045 $2,851,000 $ 550,432 Source: N. C. Agricultural Extension Service, Annual Estimates of Cash Farm Income s Overall forestry income in the County was low in 1982, in- creased substantially in 1983, and again fell sharply in 1984. Forestry income has been quite irregular. Of the County's 114,800 land acreage (excluding water acres), approximately 64,700 acres are in forestlands. This is nearly 60% of the total land acreage. Most of the commercial forestlands in the County are owned by large, corporate landholders. The most significant among these are Weyerhauser, Union Camp, and Champion International, Inc. d. Commercial Fishing Nearly a third of the area within Chowan County's jurisdiction ii consists of water, i.e., portions of the Chowan River and ■ Albemarle Sound. A substantial amount of commercial fishing occurs both in the Albemarle Sound and in the Chowan River. How- ever, for many years, serious pollution of the Chowan River has adversely affected fish landings in the County. Recent state and local efforts to improve water quality, however, may be contrib- uting to increasing landings and income. According to the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, the commercial catches steadily increased from 1981 through 1985, with 1982 and 1985 being exceptional years. Notice Table 10, below: TABLE 10: Chowan County Ccmuercial Fishery Income, 1982-1985 1985 % Pound $ Change 1982 1983 1984 nds Value 82 - 85 Pounds Value Pounds Value Pounds Value Pou ,835 991,933 +35.7% I� Cattclh 17,089, 791727,14414,911,080119,941I ,282,0 31666,67919,622 Source: N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries For the years 1982 and 1983, Chowan catches ranked fifth among the State's 21 coastal counties, and fourth for 1985. 14 i I I TABLE 14:Chowan County: Families Below Poverty Level, 1969-79 1969 No. Percent 1979 No. Percent Chowan County - - 685 19:8 N. C. - 16.3 - 11.6 Source: U. S. Census, 1970, 1980 According to the 1980 Census, Chowan County's percentage of families with below poverty incomes is significantly higher than the state's percentage. Likewise, this was true for individuals with incomes below the poverty level, as noted in Table 15, below: TABLE 15: Chowan County: Persons With Incomes Below Poverty Level, 1969-79 1969 1979 No. Percent No. Percent Chowan County - - 2,972 23.7 N. C. - 20.3 - 14.8 Source: U. S. Census, 1970, 1980 Percentage -wise, the improvement in Chowan County was greater than for the state as a whole. Another measure of local income posture is growth in per capita personal income. Notice Table 16, below: TABLE 16: Chowan County: Per Capita Personal Income, 1979-83 Chowan Chowan's Chowan's Year County N.C. U.S. Pct. of N.C. Pct. of U.S. 1979 5,825 7,104 8,651 82% 67% 1980 6,276 7,774 9,494 81% 66% 1981 7,522 8,655 10,544 87% 71% 1982 7,663 9,148 11,113 84% 70% 1983 8,049 9,805 11,687 82% 69% Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis 17 Per capita income has been increasing in Chowan County. The County's per capita personal income is significantly below that of the state as a whole and substantially less than the U.S. per 1 capita income. h. Local Government Revenue Summary fLocal government revenues, most notably from property taxes, also can be indicative of local economic trends. Notice Table 17, below. From 1981 to 1982, prior to revaluation, assessed values rose by nearly $10 million in one year, which is quite substan- tial. TABLE 17: Property Tax Values Chowan County 1981-1984 Year Assessed Value (Millions) Tax Rate/100 1981 $149,856 1.04 1982 159,554 1.10 1983* 278,283* .58* 1984 284,087 .605 Source: Chowan County Manager's Office i *Year of Revaluation i. Economic Summary The analysis of current economic conditions indicates the following trends: (1) Agriculture is and will remain a dominate force in the County's economic base. However, other income sources, notably manufacturing, commercial fish- ing, forestry, and tourism, are increasing in importance. (2) Overall, income increased in Chowan between 1970 and 1980. Nevertheless, it appears that addition- al economic activity will be needed during the next 10 years if previous income gains are to be 1 maintained. 3. Housing The provision of adequate housing to shelter a population is always an important consideration for any jurisdiction. The issue of housing and residential trends was briefly mentioned in the 1981 Plan Update. However, final 1980 Census information on housing was not then available. Notice the summary below in Table 18: � 18 Cape Colony -Country Club. (See Maps 4-5, pages 22-23.) Addition- al unincorporated "crossroads" communities, usually consisting of a cluster of houses, one or two stores, a church, etc., are found along several of the major highways and secondary routes in the County. The most notable include Valhalla, Rockyhock, Smalls Crossroads, Welch, Riverton, and Tyner. As noted in the 1981 Update, residential lots in the Cape Colony, Arrowhead Beach, and Chowan Beach Subdivisions were sold prior to the County's adoption of subdivision regulations and many are relatively small with 50-foot-wide lots. The Country Club area, however, was developed under the County's subdivision reg- ulations and generally consists of larger, more spacious lots. Prior to August 1985, Chowan County did not enforce zoning con- trols anywhere in the County. However, effective August 1, 1985, a partial zoning ordinance covering the Cape Colony -Country Club area was enacted. This ordinance, which includes regulations on the placement of mobile homes and single-family homes, will have some impact on future single-family development in these areas. It should be noted that for the years 1982 through 1984, a total of 133 permits were granted for the construction of new conven- tional single-family dwellings, and 175 permits for mobile homes. This is a three-year combined total of 308 residential units. The annual average for conventional "stick -built" units during the period was 44 units, and 58 mobile home units per year, for a combined average of 102 units per year. There appears to be a trend of continuing residential development in the County. b. Commercial Land Uses The majority of commerical land uses is concentrated within the Town of Edenton, in the Central Business District, shopping centers, or the immediate environs around the Town. Out in the County, however, commercial land uses are mostly scattered, with few concentrations. However, there is a concentration of commer- cial activity near Edenton Municipal Airport, along S.R 1114, between the Cape Colony and Country Club Subdivisions. Included within this area are two trucking companies and a community store and gasoline station. In other areas of the County, especially at crossroads communities, it is common to find small grocery stores with gasoline service pumps along major thoroughfares, such as U.S. Highway 17 and N.C. Highways 32 and.37. c. Industrial Land Use Outside of Edenton and its immediate environs, industrial land uses are located near the Airport and south of the Chowan Beach area near the Chowan River. Industrial tracts range in size from 4 acres to 54 acres. Below is a list of the significant indus- tries located out in the County, along with approximate acreages. (See Existing Land Use Map, attached.) 21 r i MAP--A-- EXISTING LAND USE 1986 ARROWHEAD -CHOWAN BEACH AREA S.R.1128 ARROWH S. R. 1226 S.R. 232 RESIDENTIAL CHOWAN '< BEACH COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONAL f ❑ VACANT r L! - S.R.1235 The prep" this map was prep" _ ei fin in part through " grant provided by the North Carolina zi ,. Coastal Mana9ement Program, throuah funds provided by the Coastal Zone Manaqement Act of 1972, as .emended, which is ,administered by the Office of Coastal Manaqement, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- stration. 2500 1250 0' \ 2500 / SCALE:I"--250d \ 22 l S.R .1102 MAP 5 EXISTING LAND USE 1986 CAPE COLONY —COUNTRY CLUB RESIDENTAL AREA Sn� COMMERCIAL tic INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIO AL VACANT 2c3�9 CAPE COLONY r. COUNTRY CLUB DR. The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the 2500 1250 0 2500_ Coastal Zone Manaqement Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office_ of Coastal Manaqement, National SCALE: I'= 2500 Oceanic and Atmospheric, Admini- stration. a J ° Fiberform (boats, luxury cruisers) 54 ac. ° United Piece Dye Works 49 ac. ° Atlantic Forest Products 37 ac. ° Tee -Luck Concrete 9 ac. ° Union Camp - Wood Storage 5 ac. ° Murray Nixon Seafood Processing 4 ac. d. Institutional Land Uses Institutional land uses generally consist of government uses, such as schools, or churches, cemeteries, or public recreational areas. The most significant tract of government -owned land beyond the immediate environs of Edenton is the Municipal Airport, which consists of 717 acres. Another significant tract is the Edenton Sewage Treatment Plant, consisting of 27 acres and located north- west of the Cape Colony Subdivision near the Albemarle Sound. e. Land Use Summary The land use changes in Chowan County since the 1981 Land Use Plan Update have not been dramatic, but are moving along previous- ly identified trends, i.e., increasing residential development in the Chowan Beach -Arrowhead Beach areas, as well as the Cape Colony -Country Club area. However, informal proposals have been discussed concerning the development of a sizeable residential subdivision in the Macedonia area, which is also in the Edenton Township. Plans have also been presented concerning a substantial expansion of both the golf course and residential areas of Country Club. Also, it appears that the most likely areas for significant industrial development outside of Edenton is in the environs around the Airport. Mobile home placement has become a signifi- cant factor over the past few years in the County. This is partly an economic factor, i.e., mobile homes represent a less expensive alternative for viable, adequate housing for many of the County's rural residents. Although there has been some conversion of farm- land into non -farm uses, the amount of lands involved are not overwhelmingly substantial and do not appear to indicate a major trend. Generally, existing land use patterns, as discussed above, are projected to continue throughout the period covered by this 1986 Plan Update, i.e., 5-10 years. However, other factors affecting land use, such as the absence of centralized sewer and septic tank limitations, introduction of -zoning and other control -devices, and continuing water quality concerns, will be addressed in other parts of this plan. 2. Significant Land Compatibility Problems In the conventional application of the concept, there are few significant land compatibility problems in Chowan County. A land compatibility problem is generally identified when two or more land use types are adjacent to each other and one is somehow 24 restricted from expansion because of adverse conditions caused by the other, thus discouraging additional investment. In the 1981 Plan Update, there were four issues addressed as "land compatibil- ity" problems, which were: (a) conversion of rural land to urban uses; (b) encroachment or drainage of wildlife habitat; (c) Air- port Land Use compatibility, and (d) residential neighborhood encroachment of non-residential uses. Each of these issues is briefly presented below and their status updated for this 1986 Plan. a. Conversion of Rural Land to Urban Uses I As pointed out in the 1981 Plan Update, this activity has not been a significant problem in Chowan County. Outside of Edenton, the majority of new dwelling units have been locating in previous- ly settled and developing areas, such as the Arrowhead Beach- Chowan Beach and Cape Colony -Country Club areas. Also, the pat- tern of single-family dwellings, whether conventional or mobile homes, being scattered along major thoroughfares on from one-half to one -acre lots, has continued. Except for a possible rural, low -density subdivision, it is unlikely that significant amounts of productive forestry or farming areas have undergone rural to urban conversion in Chowan County. b. Encroachment or Drainage of Wildlife Habitat 11 There was concern expressed in the previous plans for Chowan County over the impact of drainage for commerical forestry or agricultural operations upon the habitat for wildlife such as ducks, rabbit, or raccoon. However, contacts with the N.C. Wild- life Commission has provided no indications that significant habitat destruction resulting from drainage has been a consider- able problem in Chowan County. c. Airport Land Use Compatibility Of the other issues discussed, this is the one more closely fitting the definition of incompatible land uses. As stated in the 1981 Update, the Edenton Municipal Airport is a "General Avia- tion" facility located southeast of the Town of Edenton and within one-half mile of the Cape Colony and Country Club Subdivisions. Runways 1-19 and 6-24 are oriented such that incoming or departing flights pass directly over homes in those two areas, and these operations do produce some noise, mostly from single -engine air- craft. With the existing commercial and light industrial activity already occurring in the vicinity, it is quite possible that simi- lar developments will be attracted to the area. Both the Town of Edenton and Chowan County have taken steps to protect airspace*(in compliance with Federal Aviation Administration guidelines) and to encourage utilization of land conducive to the overall location. In July of 1985, the Chowan County Board of Commissioners adopted the first zoning ordinance for the County, which was limited to the Cape Colony -Country Club area, including the Airport. The ordinance, which became effective August 1985, classifies most of 25 L� L F� i the land near the Airport as "industrial," and includes supple- mentary regulations in the ordinance on "Airport Height Restric- tive Areas" (Article XII, Chowan County Zoning Ordinance). Also, the undeveloped area within and immediately adjacent to Cape Colony and Country Club subdivisions are classified as either of two residential districts, thus limiting their use to predominant- ly residential purposes. These actions should be quite effective in dealing with Airport area compatibility problems. d. Residential Neighborhood Encroachment of Non - Residential Uses In previous Plans, concern was expressed about the proximity of residential uses to farming or timbering operations, and the potential adverse impacts of noise or odors. Also, residents of the Cape Colony area expressed in 1976 (but not in 1981) concern over increased traffic along S.R. 1114 (shown as N.C. 32-A on some maps) because of the commercial and industrial potential near the Airport. However, neither of these two concerns have developed into problems of unmanageable proportions. Traffic volumes along S.R. 1114, also known as "Old Base Road," will likely increase as development increases. Adequate provision of funds for main- tenance and improvements of this road is an issue which will need to be addressed. The aforementioned introduction of "zoning" as a land use control device in the Airport vicinity will also address this potential problem. Also, recent traffic counts along N.C. 32-A provided by the N.C. Department of Transportation indicate that traffic volumes are significantly under the road's current capac- ity. This means that it is theoretically capable of handling more traffic than it has been to date. 26 I 3. Major Problems From Unplanned Development Since the adoption of the 1981 Plan Update, no new major prob- lems from unplanned development have emerged. However, one prob- lem noted in the 1981 Plan, i.e., the fact that Chowan Beach, Arrowhead Beach, and Cape Colony subdivisions were all designed prior to the enforcement of subdivision regulations by the County, is still somewhat relevant. Many relatively small, 50' wide lots are included within these developments and some are not suitable for placement of septic tanks. Although the internal street pat- terns have all been laid out, all of the streets have not been developed, and some of the ones which have been developed are not paved. An "incompatibility" problem exists in the sense that the lots which have been developed (most notably in the Arrowhead Beach-Chowan Beach areas) contain a mixture of cottages, permanent conventional single-family dwellings, and mobile homes. In the Cape Colony subdivision, however, conventional single-family units are separated from mobile home units by deed restrictions. Future incompatibilities for the undeveloped portions of the Cape Colony subdivision will be somewhat ameliorated by the adoption of the Zoning Ordinance, effective August 1, 1985. However, zoning reg- ulations currently do not cover the Arrowhead Beach-Chowan Beach areas. On the other hand, the Country Club Subdivision, located along the shore of the Albemarle Sound, was developed under the sub- division regulations, consists of generally, larger lots, and has a consistent residential development pattern, i.e., large single- family units. 4. Areas Experiencing or Likely to Experience Major Land Use Changes No major deviation from previously established patterns are anticipated over the next 5-10 years. The presence of the County- wide water system may encourage the development of rural, low - density subdivisions away from currently developing areas. The unlikelihood of centralized sewer outside of Edenton will virtu- ally assure that all development will be low -density. It should be noted that the Town of Edenton is developing a new "Land Application" sewage treatment plant to be located in the vicinity of S. R. 1200 where it intersects Pollock Swamp (see existing Land Use Map, attached). The land required for this type of system is relatively large. The Edenton sewage treatment system, expected to begin construction by the Spring of 1986 and be complete by late 1988, will cover nearly 670 acres of land in Chowan County (this area was classified as "community" in the 1981 Plan Update). 5. Identification of Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) Of the two broad categories of statutorily defined Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) for Coastal North Carolina, i.e., 27 Estuarine System AECs and Ocean Hazards AECs, only the Estuarine System is applicable to Chowan County. Although these AECs have not changed, it may be useful to define these important areas prior to listing them again in this Update. a. Coastal Wetlands Coastal wetlands or marshlands are defined as any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses), pro- vided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides. Coastal marshlands also contain some, but not necessarily all, of specific marsh plant species. There are no coastal wetlands or salt marshes in Chowan County of any significance. Although the majority of the County border is water (the Chowan River and Albemarle Sound) the occurrence of statutorily defined CAMA "wet- lands" is insignificant. However, the general term "wetlands" can be used to describe some of the low-lying "wooded swamp" areas in the County. The area south of the U. S. 17 bridge can be charact- erized as a wooded swamp, for example. b. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines Estuarine waters are defined in G. S. 113A-113(b)(2) as "all the water of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary of North Caro- lina and all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tribu- taries thereto seaward of the dividing line between coastal fish- ing waters and inland fishing waters, as set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development filed with the Secre- tary of State, entitled "Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial Fishing -- Inland Fishing Waters," revised to March 1, 1965." Estuarine shorelines are those non ocean shorelines which are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water and are intimately connected to the estuary. These shorelines can be wetlands as well as dry land. This area extends from the mean high water level or normal water level along the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters, for a distance of 75 feet landward. It should be noted, however, that estuarine shorelines are only located adjacent to coastal or joint waters, and not inland waters. As an AEC, Estuarine shorelines, although characterized as dry land, are considered a component of the estuarine system because of the close association with the adjacent estuarine waters. Estuarine waters and adjacent estuarine shorelines make up the I � ,a 1 most significant components of the estuarine system in Chowan County. The significance of the estuarine system is that it is one of the most productive natural environments of North Carolina. It not only supports valuable commercial and sports fisheries, but is also utilized for commercial navigation, recreation and aes- thetic purposes. Species dependent upon estuaries include menhaden shrimp, flounder, oysters and crabs. These species make up over 90 percent of the total value of North Carolina's commer- cial catch. These species must spend all or part of their life cycle in the estuary. The preservation and protection of these areas are vitally important. The estuarine waters and adjacent estuarine shorelines are substantial in Chowan County, and includes the following: ° The Albemarle Sound and all man-made tributaries. ° The Yeopim River (below Norcum Point; waters beyond Norcum Point are inland waters) ° Chowan River (joint waters from the north to 300 yards south of the U. S. 17 bridge c. Public Trust Areas Public trust areas are partially defined as all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar tides and lands there- under to the mean high mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or mean water level, as the case may be. In other words, public trust areas are waters and lands thereunder, the use of which, benefits and belongs to the public. ° In Chowan County, all of the waters listed as Estuarine Waters and inland waters are considered Public Trust Areas. Other Public Trust Areas include: Pollock's Swamp ° Rockyhock Creek ° Dillard or Indian Creek ° Stumpy Creek ° Catherine, or Warwick Creek Currently, all development and development -related activities within the designated AECs in Chowan County are regulated by the CAMA permit process and are guided by local policy (Regulations allow a local government to develop its own use standards for AECs 29 1 r 1 1 if they are more restrictive than the State's). At this time, however, Chowan County's regulations are not more restrictive than the States. It is important to understand the distinction between Estuarine Waters and Public Trust Waters because of the different CAMA enforcement jurisdictions. For all Estuarine Waters, the area of CAMA permit jurisdiction includes the water and the 75-foot inland Estuarine Shoreline area. However, the permit jurisdiction for the Public Trust Waters includes only the water itself. Also, if an undesignated creek empties into either Estuarine Waters or Public Trust Waters, for permit purposes, it receives the same designation as the water into which it empties. 30 D. REVIEW OF CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, REGULATIONS 1. Local Plans, Studies and Regulations Since completion of the 1981 Plan Update, several important changes regarding regulatory ordinances and enforcement procedures have taken place in Chowan County. In the Summer of 1985, the County adopted a Zoning Ordinance for the Cape Colony - Country Club area and lands adjacent to the Edenton Municipal Airport; initiated enforcement of the State Building Code and hired a full- time Building Inspector for the first time; and adopted a "regular phase" Flood Insurance Ordinance, putting the County into the full phase of the National Flood Insurance Program. Additional infor- mation or local plans, studies, and regulations are listed and summarized below: a. Edenton-Chowan County Land Use Plan, 1976 Prepared by DNRCD, jointly with Edenton under CAMA, this ini- tial Plan provides a description of present condition of popula- tion, economy, and land use constraints to development. It dis- cusses fragile and hazard areas, areas of environmental concern, areas with resource potential, and community facilities. It estimates future needs and sets out policies and objectives related to implementing those needs. b. Chowan County Land Use Plan Update, 1981 This was the first 5-year update of the initial CAMA Plan (1976) and contains a re -assessment of existing conditions and projections of population, land use and economic conditions. Updated policy statements on various development issues and imple- mentation strategies are also in the Plan Update. This update was not prepared jointly with the Town of Edenton. c. Water System Rules & Regulations Adopted in December, 1976, these regulations specify how the County -wide water system will be operated and maintained. It specifies the size line required for varying sized developments and restricts industrial usage according to location and system- wide needs. These regulations are linked directly to the subdivi- sion regulations. d. 201 Wastewater Facilities Study, 1976 A "201" Wastewater Facilities Plan was prepared for Edenton in 1976. A major recommendation of that plan was, "...that a Sanitary District be created to own, administer, manage, con- struct, operate and maintain wastewater collection and transporta- tion facilities..." (sic) outside the corporate limits of the Town of Edenton. The "201" area of study included a slightly larger 1 31 I 1 1 I 1 1 geographic area than the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Edenton. Therefore, any lines outside the Town would be operated and built by such a "sanitary district." e. Chowan County Subdivision Regulations, 1978 The Chowan County Planning Board, with technical assistance from N. C. DNRCD, prepared subdivision regulations which were adopted in 1978. These regulations govern the transition of raw land into new residential subdivisions and set out criteria for required facility improvements and general design standards. The subdivision ordinance is administered by the Board which reviews development proposals against the standards set out therein. For example, there is a stipulation that developers must provide water service at their own expense to County water system standards and they must pave interior streets to N.C.D.O.T. standards. f. Federal Flood Insurance Program The Federal Flood Insurance Program in Chowan County offi- cially moved from the Emergency Phase to the Regular Phase in 1985 and is in effect throughout the County. g. State Building Code In 1985, the County adopted the State Building Code and em- ployed a part-time Building Inspector. h. Septic Tank Regulations Septic tank regulations are administered by the Regional Health Department, which covers five counties. However, a San- itarian is based in Chowan County. 2. State Agency Plans a. Transportation Improvement Program, 1986-1995 This plan, prepared by the N. C. Department of Transportation and updated annually, is a statewide schedule of highway and bridge improvements to be undertaken during a 10-year period. Major projects proposed for completion in Chowan County include the replacement of the Albemarle Sound Bridge (N.C. 37), and two new access ramps on the Edenton Bypass (U.S. 17), i.e., inter- sections with Albemarle Street and Paradise Road. Additional minor improvements are proposed for several secondary routes in the County. b. Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan, SCORP The purpose of the SCORP is to compile and analyze the existing supply of and demand for recreation facilities in the 32 L�J State. The SCORP analysis is by regions and has no specific analysis for each County. Chowan County is in Region R. 3. Local Regulations In addition to the regulations listed under Local Plans, i.e., zoning, subdivision regulations, State Building Code, flood insurance, and septic tank regulations, the CAIMA major and minor permit process are also enforced in the County. However, Chowan County does not have and does not enforce other ordinances such as historic districts, nuisance, sedimentation and erosion control, or on local environmental impacts. The County also currently does not enforce a local mobile home park ordinance, although a draft ordinance was prepared in 1984. There is one additional policy of the Town of Edenton, as noted in the 1981 Update, which may affect potential land uses in the County and should be mentioned. The Town of Edenton, historically, has not provided sewer service outside of its corporate limits. Notice the following excerpt from the 1981 Plan Update. "Should an industry wish to locate near the airport, for example, and it required sewer service, the Town would not provide that service. However, if the County or an organized independent sewer utility district wished to serve that industry ... or any portion of the County, the Town would permit such sewer lines to be connected to the Town's system and the Town would treat the resulting wastewater at its sewage treatment plant." (p. 27) It should be noted, however, that as increasing urbanization occurs near Edenton, this policy could change. 4. Federal and State Regulations In addition to the local ordinances and regulations discussed above, there are also various State regulations which could also affect land development in Chowan County. 33 1 E. CONSTRAINTS: LAND SUITABILITY This section of the Chowan County Land Use Plan proposes to identify features of the land or landscape of the County which are or could pose serious constraints to development. Under land suitability, these constraints are generally considered under the broad categories of 1) physical limitations, i.e. hazardous (man- made or natural) areas, areas with soil limitations, hazardous slopes, etc., 2) fragile areas, i.e. AECs, complex natural areas, or areas with cultural (architectural or archaeological) signifi- cance, and 3) areas with resource potential, i.e. productive or prime agricultural or forest lands, or potentially valuable miner- al sites (peat, for example). These elements were not discussed in the 1981 Land Use Plan Update. However, because of the impli- cations for updating certain policies, they are discussed and presented below. 1. Physical Limitations a. Man -Made Hazards The most significant man-made hazard in Chowan County is the Edenton Municipal Airport, located south of Edenton near the Cape Colony and Country Club Subdivisions. In 1976, however, an "Air- port Noise Impact and Land Use Control" (ANILUC) Map was prepared for the Edenton/Chowan County Airport Commission. The map was accepted as a guide for ensuring compatibility of surrounding land uses with the Airport. Also, the Zoning Ordinance, adopted by Chowan County in 1985, includes land adjacent to the Airport area and also contains a complete section titled "Airport Height Restrictive Areas." These rules are supplementary to the Zoning classifications, and serve as "overlay" restrictions. Both the ANILUC and the height restrictions in the Zoning Ordinance will help facilitate compatible land uses and also minimize adverse impacts in the Airport area. b. Natural Hazard Area (1) Flood Hazard Area: When the 1981 Land Use Plan Update was developed, a detailed Flood Insurance Study showing elevations and flood hazard areas, had not been prepared for Chowan County. However, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initiated a detailed study in 1982, with the final maps being effective on July 3, 1985. The study, which consists of a report and a series of maps of all of the unincorporated area of the County (the Town of Edenton has a separate study) shows the areas which are subject to inundation by the 100-year flood (zone "A"s) along with elevations, as distinguished from areas subject to minimal flooding dangers (Zone "C"). Not surprisingly, the detailed study shows that substantial sections of Chowan County 34 f; are subject to the 100-year flood. However, the majority of the land area is included in the "Zone C" classification, i.e., in the 500-year flood area and subject to minimal flooding. Most of the flood -prone areas, i.e., "Zone A" areas subject to a 1 percent change of flooding during any given year, are located in the west- ern sections of the County, adjacent either to portions of the Chowan River or a major creek, such as Dillard's Creek or Rocky - hock Creek. Some flood -prone areas include: the Cannon's Ferry area, Harris Landing, and land south of the U.S. 17 bridge from Bertie County and south of Riverton, around to Reedy Point. Other significant Zone A areas are located in the Yeopim River area (Drummond Point, for example), and land in the Middle Creek area. (See Map 6, High Hazard Flood Areas, attached.) The "minimal" flood -prone areas include most of the lands in the major residential subdivisions of Arrowhead Beach-Chowan Beach, Cape Colony, and Country Club. According to the July 3, 1985, Flood Insurance Rate Maps, the elevation in Chowan County goes up to 18.73 feet above mean sea level (in the southeast sec- tor near the Perquimans County border). (2) Estuarine Erosion Area: Eroding shorelines along the coastal sounds and rivers in North Carolina has long been a major concern of soil and water conservationists. In October 1975, the results of a study involving 15 counties, and which was conducted, by the USDA Soil Conservation Service, were published in a report titled "Shoreline Erosion Inventory, North Carolina." This is still the most recent "official" data available. Estuarine ero- sion rates were determined for several points or "reaches" along the Chowan County coastline, using aerial photographs covering 31 years. The erosion rate for Chowan County was determined to be 0.94 feet per year, which was next to the lowest rate among all 15 counties in the Study (Bertie County's rate was 0.92 feet per year, compared to 4.5 feet for Washington County, which had the highest rate). The Chowan County study covered 42.1 miles and showed 25.0 miles were eroding (see Map 7, page 36), for a total loss of nearly 148 acres over the 31-year period. The average width of the eroded area was 29 feet. Although the above -cited study is somewhat dated, potential estuarine erosion is still a concern in Chowan County. c. Areas with Soils Limitations Detailed mapping of various soil types and survey interpre- tations were not available for Chowan County during the develop- ment of the 1981 Land Use Plan Update. However, the "Chowan and Perguimans Counties N.C. Soil Survey and Map Interpretations Soil Survey, November 1979," was completed and published in preliminary form. The report was prepared by the USDA Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with the Chowan and Perguimans Counties r 35 1 on ow an .ow No, " \IMP Im ," me an on m mo � so M M W LEGEND*41 REACH \ `��•" ,N �' �' ' . f \Pt MAP 7 ESTUARINE EROSION AREAS CHOWAN COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA *Estuarine Erosion Areas: REACH NO. 1 ruART T- Chowan County, North Carolina Av. width lost to erosion 50.4 feet Av. height of bank 7.6 feet Length of shoreline eroding 9.1 miles Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles Total length of shoreline 9.5 miles REACH NO. 2 Av. width lost to erosion 35.5 feet Av. height of bank 9.4 feet Length of shoreline eroding 2.7.miles Length of shoreline accreting 0.5 miles Total of length of shoreline 3.9 miles REACH NO. 3 Av. width lost to erosion 51.1 feet Av. height of bank 5.6 feet Length of shoreline eroding 3.2 miles Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles Total length of shoreline 3.5 miles REACH NO. 4 Av. width lost to erosion 42.7 feet Av. height of bank 0.5 feet Length of shoreline eroding 3.6 miles Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles Total length of shoreline 4.6 miles REACH NO. 5 Av. width lost to erosion 22.2 feet Av. height of bank 0.8 feet Length of shoreline eroding 3.2 miles Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles Total length of shoreline 7.7 miles REACH NO. 6 Av. width lost to erosion 6.1 feet Av. height of bank 8.5 feet Length of shoreline eroding 3.2 miles Length of shoreline accreting 0 miles Total length of shoreline 12.9 miles *Source: Shoreline Erosion Inventory, North Carolina, U. S. DA. Soil Conservation Service, Raleigh, NC October, 1975. 37 1 Boards of Commissioners. The report includes detailed descrip- tions of the soil types and properties for Chowan County with discussion of the suitability for various uses, such as croplands, urban development, septic tank placement, and recreation. The most important feature or property of soils to consider in nearly any location is the drainage capability, since well -drained, stable soils can be used for a variety of "development" purposes, i.e. croplands or residential (septic tank suitability). Generally, most of the soils in Chowan County have limitations for many uses because of wetness, too rapid permeability, too slow permeability, or low strength. Of the 37 mapped soils classifica- tions contained in the Soil Survey Report, 21 were characterized as being "poorly drained" with limitations for urban development uses; 10 were described as "well -drained" to "excessively" well drained; and 6 were characterized as "moderately -well drained." Most of the soil types, however, are suitable for various agri- cultural uses if the proper drainage is. provided. Although sever- al soil types in Chowan County consists of highly decomposed organic matter, there are no substantial deposits of peat in Chowan County. With the recently established trend of population growth, as well as the absence of centralized sewer facilities, a very impor- tant consideration is the extent of soils suitable for urban development, i.e., septic tank placement. Map 8, attached, shows the general area in the County with septic tank and building development limitations. This representation, however, is gen- eral, and specific determinations must be based on individual on -site analysis and testing. d. Sources and Estimated Quantity of Water Supply (1) Groundwater: The Chowan County water system is - based on a system of deep wells which tap underlying groundwater. The principal source of groundwater in Chowan County is precipita- tion which falls on the County and some of which falls on the recharge areas farther west in the Coastal Plain Province. Other groundwater that may be encountered in the County is that which was trapped in the sedimentary deposits at the time of their deposition or during subsequent inundations by the sea. Underlying Chowan County are five distinct aquifers from which freshwater can be obtained at some location within the County. These aquifers were mapped by 0. B. Lloyd, Jr., of the U.S. Geological Survey and are described in detail in the pre- viously cited "Ground Water Bulletin No. 14." (a) Aquifer A - Aquifer A includes all the sand strata from land surface down to the first semi -confining layer at depths ranging from 10 to 35 feet in the County. This aquifer is 38 used for some water supplies to driven wells and dug wells. Its water usually is acidic, corrosive, and contains objectional concentrations of dissolved iron. It is not considered as an important source of water in the area. (b) Aquifer B - This aquifer occurs in the upper part of the Yorktown Formation. The top of this aquifer is at depths of about 15 feet in the northwestern part of the County and at about 40 feet in the central part. Its thickness ranges from 35 feet along the Chowan River to 90 feet northeast of Valhalla, but where its average thickness is about 50 feet or more, this aquifer can yield approximately 100 gpm (gallons per minute) to large diameter gravel -packed wells. In most parts of the County, Aquifer B is a significant source of water. (c) Aquifer C - Aquifer C includes permeable strata in the upper part of the Beaufort Formation, the Castle Hayne Limestone, and the Pungo River Formation. The water in this aquifer is under artesian conditions throughout the County. The top of Aquifer C lies at depths of approximately 130 feet west of Smalls Crossroads to almost 300 feet in the extreme southeastern part of the County. It has an average thickness of about 50 feet, but may be about 75 feet thick in the extreme southeastern part and approximately 110 feet near Valhalla. It is a significant aquifer in the Valhalla -Edenton part of the County even though its water requires treatment for excessive concentrations of dissolved iron. Although this aquifer contains freshwater only in the central part of the County, from the vicinity of Burnett's Mill Pond to Edenton, it is the principal aquifer in the County for public and industrial water supplies. Gravel -packed wells in Aquifer C can yield 500 gpm or more. (d) Aquifer D - Aquifer D occurs near the middle part of the Beaufort Formation. It is overlain by about 40 feet of glauconitic silt and clay, and its contained water is under artesian conditions. The top of this aquifer lies at depths ranging from 200 feet near Smalls Crossroads to about 420 feet in the southeastern tip of the County, with an average 50-foot thick- ness. The water in Aquifer D is too brackish for use in most of the County. Aquifer D is capable of furnishing several hundred gallons per minute of water to large gravel -packed wells. Because of the proximity of brackish water and the concentrations of fluoride, it probably is not desirable to pump large quantities of water from a single well in this aquifer. This aquifer may be considered as significant in only about 30 percent of the County. 39 l(e) Aquifer E - Aquifer E occurs in the uppermost part of the Black Creek Formation. It is separated from the over- lying aquifer by a silt and clay aquiclude ranging from 30 feet thick in the northern part of the County to 170 feet thick in the southern part. 'The aquifer has an average thickness of about 100 feet throughout the County. The top of Aquifer E lies at depths ranging from 285 feet in the northwestern part of the County to 690 feet in the southeastern part. Freshwater occurs in this aquifer only in a small part of the County west of Small's Crossroads and north of Rockyhock. Aquifer E is not a significant aquifer in Chowan County because of its limited area of freshwater. Recovery of Water Large quantities of groundwater can be obtained from wells in all parts of Chowan County. However, its usefulness is limited by the chemical quality of the water. The general quality of ground- water in the County is such that some degree of treatment is necessary to make it meet the U.S. Public Health Service standards for public water supplies. In summary, most of Chowan County's water supply comes from below the "unconfined" aquifers, i.e., the general water table. Because of the depth of this water supply, it is unlikely that above -ground activities will produce adverse impacts. (2) Surface Water Quality: The quality of the surface water in the Chowan County area, especially the Chowan River, has been of special concern to North Carolina environmental officials for many years. State agencies in both North Carolina and Virginia have been involved in discussions and projects to locate and identify sources of the serious algae bloom problem in their attempts to develop solutions. The Chowan River has been offi- cially declared as "Nutrient -Sensitive Waters" by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission. This special desig- nation (one of only two in the State as of 1985) requires certain actions to help minimize point and non -point sources of pollution. Requiring upgrading of wastewater treatment systems, such as Edenton's proposed Land Application Sewerage System, is an action aimed at reducing point sources of pollution. The North Carolina Agricultural Non -Point Cost -Share Program, for nutrient -sensitive waters, begun in 1984, is designed to assist farmers to develop management practices which will reduce 40 L non -point pollution and sedimentation in sensitive waters --mainly from phosphorus and nitrogen. Technical assistance is provided to aid farmers in terracing, developing filter strips, and cultiva- tion in tillage and non -tillage. Chowan County has been active in the program since its beginning. These practices, undertaken as a result of the water quality concerns and the Nutrient -Sensitive Waters designation, should, over a period of time, contribute to the Chowan River's and Albemarle Sound's potential for improved recreational and commercial fishing utility. e. Slopes in Excess of 12% The elevations in all of Chowan County are all very low and there are no steep slopes in excess of 12% anywhere in the County. 2. Fragile Areas These are areas which could easily be damaged or destroyed by inappropriate or poorly planned development. There are not many fragile areas in Chowan County, which include those areas pre- viously identified and discussed as Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs). These included estuarine waters, public trust areas, and estuarine shorelines (see pages 27-30, this section). However, there are other fragile areas in the County which are not classi- fied as Areas of Environmental Concern, but nevertheless, due to either natural or cultural significance, are environmentally sen- sitive. These areas will be identified and discussed below as either "Natural Resource Fragile Areas, or "Cultural Resource Fragile Areas." a. Natural Resource Fragile Areas Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be of educational, scientific, or cultural value because of the natural features of the particular site. Features in these areas serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the landscape. These areas include: complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant species, unique geologic formations, pocosins, wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks. With the exception of wooded swamps, none of the above -listed natural resource fragile areas have been -identified in Chowan County. It is unlikely that any substantial area in Chown County would be classified as a "complex natural area." These areas are defined as "lands that support native plant and animal communities. and provide habitat conditions or characteristics that have remained essentially unchanged by human activity." These areas are to be determined to be rare within the County or to be of particular scientific or educational value. Complex natural areas are often surrounded by landscapes that have been modified but still do not drastically alter the conditions within the natural areas or their scientific or educational value. 41 b. Cultural Resource Fragile Areas Fragile areas may be particularly important to a locale either in an aesthetic or cultural sense. Fragile coastal cultural resource areas are generally recognized to be of educational, associative, scientific, aesthetic, or cultural value because of their special importance to our understanding of past human set- tlement of and interaction with the coastal zone. Their impor- tance serves to distinguish the designated areas as significant among the historic architectural or archaelogical remains in the coastal zone, and therein establish their value. Although no comprehensive archaeological or architectural investigation of Chowan County had been completed, the State Division of Archives and History has recorded several sites in the County. Also, it should be noted here that a comprehensive architectural survey was begun in late 1985 for Chowan County, including Edenton. When this study is complete, additional structures with historic/architectural significance will be identified. There are already several sites in the Town of Edenton which have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Chowan County Courthouse. Significant historic and/or architectural resources outside of Edenton include: (1) National Register Properties (19) Edenton Historic District (+175) Albania, Edenton (a) Athol, Edenton vicinity Barker House, Edenton Chowan County Courthouse, Edenton (b) Cullins-Baker House, Tyner Cupola House, Edenton (c) Greenfield Plantation, Somer vicinity Hayes Plantation, Edenton vicinity James Iredell House, Edenton Mulberry Hill, Edenton vicinity Peanut Factory (Edenton Peanut Company), Edenton Pembroke Hall, Edenton St. Pauls Episcopal Church and Churchyard, Edenton (d) Sandy Point, Edenton vicinity (e) Shelton Plantation House, Edenton vicinity Speight House and Cotton Gin, Edenton (f) Strawberry Hill, Edenton vicinity Wessington House, Edenton (2) Study List Properties (6) (a) Bennett's Mill Pond (b) Briols, Hancock vicinity 42 i1 (c) Coke House, Edenton vicinity (d) Haughton-Leary House, Edenton vicinity (e) Martinique, Smalls Crossroads vicinity (f) Jubilee Farm, St. John's community The most notable location of archaeological significance is, perhaps, the Arrowhead Beach Subdivision, where Indian artifacts have been found. 3. Areas With Resource Potential a. Agricultural and Forest Lands The primary areas with resource potential to be considered in this 1985 update of the Chowan County Land Use Plan are agricul- tural and forest lands. As discussed under existing economic conditions (pages 12 through 14), agriculture and commercial for- estry are substantial income producers for Chowan County and therefore cannot be under -estimated in value. In August, 1983, the Governor of North Carolina issued a formal policy declaration (Executive Order 96) concerning the State's desire to promote the "Conservation of Prime Agricultural and Forest Lands" in support of and to assist with compliance of the Federal Farmland Protec- tion Policy Act of 1980. The declaration of Executive Order 96 recognized the fact that in many areas of the State, prime agri- cultural and forest lands are being converted to other uses at such a significant rate that these irreversible uses may ultimate- ly reduce the capacity of food and fiber production. Prime agri- cultural and forest lands were defined as those lands "...which possess the best combination of physical and chemical characteris- tics for producing food, feed, fiber (including forest products), forage, oilseed, and other agricultural products (including live- stock), without intolerable soil erosion." The Governor directed the Secretary of the State Department of Natural Resources and Community Development to assume the respon- sibility of carrying out the Order. The program proposed in the Executive Order involved the identification of and mapping of prime agricultural and forest lands by the Soil and Water Conser- vation Commission through the assistance of local Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Also, by means of the existing State Clearinghouse review process, the impact.of any development pro- posed on prime agricultural or forest lands would have to be assessed beginning January 1, 1984. However, as of the writing of this report, prime agricultural or forest lands have not been identified or mapped in accordance with Executive Order 96, in Chowan County. The 1981 Plan Update stated that the most productive farmland and commercial forests were located in the eastern part of the County. With appropriate drainage facilities, most of the soil types in Chowan County yield very productive farmland. Productive farmland is located in vari- � ,3 ous portions of the County, intermingled with forestlands scat- tered across most of the County's landscape. (See Existing Land Use Map, attached.) ■ b. Productive Water Bodies ' Because of the significance of commercial and recreational fishing in Chowan County, the primary fishing areas should also be considered as an area with resource potential. Chowan County has ranked 5th among the State's coastal counties for several years in terms of overall fish catches, and fourth in 1985. This indicates that in spite of previously cited water quality prob- lems, substantial landings are still being drawn from both the Chowan River and the Albemarle Sound. These areas are vital pro- ductive resources. Also, there are two fishery processing businesses in the County, providing employment and income to some of the County's residents. T c. Mining Lands Chowan County does not have a substantial peat reserve capable of being mined for commercial or industrial purposes like several other coastal counties. However, review of detailed soils classi- fications maps prepared by the U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service, indicates that soil types with highly decomposed organic matter as surface layers and underlayed by decayed logs, etc. may signify the presence of peat. These types of soils can be found in var- ious pockets in the County, usually coinciding with very poorly drained soils. Also in Chowan County, there are several sand mining operations. There are no other known areas in the County which contain marketable mineral resources, such as phosphate. d. Outdoor Recreation Lands Lands used for hunting, fishing, boating, hiking, camping, and other outdoor recreational uses are also important resources to consider in the development of land use policies. In Chowan County, because of two major productive water bodies, and expan- sive woodlands, recreational fishing and hunting opportunities, within the appropriate seasons, abound. 44 F. CONSTRAINTS: CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES 1. Water The Chowan County water system has been growing steadily since its beginning in the mid-1970s. The initial water service study for the first phase of the system projected that the entire system would have 2,000 customers by the year 2000. However, from a beginning of 1,200 customers with the opening of Phase I in 1975, the service load had more than doubled by the time of the 1981 Plan Update to 2,226 customers. As of January 1986, with Phases I and II being complete and Phase III under construction, the Chowan County water system served 2,796 customers, including six indus- tries and 16 commercial establishments. This represents an increased growth between 1981 and 1986 of 114 additional customers per year. The distribution lines cover the entire County, and virtually all of the population outside of Edenton has access to the water system. The water system actually consists of two separate systems (the "northern" and "southern" systems) of 238 miles of lines ranging in size from 2" to 10", and three elevated storage tanks, each with a capacity of 200,000 gallons, for a combined storage capacity of 600,000 gallons. The two water systems, separated by the Town of Edenton, are not interconnected and have their own separate treatment and distribution systems. The northern system has two plant sites, one at Valhalla and one at Brahall, and is the larger of the two. The treatment plant for the southern sys- tem is located near Yeopim. Phase III improvements will expand the capacity at the Valhalla facility The current total system, i.e., prior to the completion of Phase III improvements, operates with a total of five wells with current and projected capacities after improvements summarized in Table 20, below: TABLE 20: Chowan County Water System Capacity 20-Hour 1985 Projected Daily 1985 % Use 1988 Daily Plant Site No. Wells Capacity Peak Day @ Peak Capacity (20 Hrs) Valhalla 2 @ 200 gpm 480,000 203 gpd 42% 960,000 Brahall 2 @ 300 gpm 720,000 432 gpd 60% 720,000 Yeopim 1 @ 200 gpm 240,000 268 gpd 112% 480,000 TOTAL 1.44 MGD 1*903 gpd 2.16 MGD *Average of peaks Source: Chowan County Water Department: Projections by Talbert, Cox & Associates, Inc. ri 1 FJ I H 45 1 After completion of planned Phase III improvements (October, 1986), the County also plans to upgrade the treatment capacity at the Yeopim plant to double its current capacity. After all improvements are completed (by 1988), the County will have excess, at average peak consumption, of about 720,000 gpd. The peak excess capacity projected to be available because of the Phase III and Yeopim improvements should support 2,155 addi- tional customers at 1985 average daily use rates by 2,700 custom- ers 9,334.gpd. Peak demands come usually during two seasons: May, because of fish processing, and general high summer demand during July -August. During peak periods, there is currently no excess capacity. On several occasions during periods of high demand, Chowan County purchased additional water through its buy - sell agreement with the Town of Edenton, Perquimans County, and Gates County. However, the increased well capacity is projected to be sufficient to meet demands. 2. Sewer 1 The only centralized sewer system in the County is still the one which serves the Town of Edenton. Edenton, as reported earlier, has a policy of not extending sewerlines beyond its cor- porate limits --even with the improved capacity made feasible by the new land application treatment system. If the Town ever changes this policy, development in the County outside of Edenton would be affected. Chowan County residents outside of Edenton utilize septic tanks for sewage disposal. However, the majority of the soil types in the County are not conducive for septic tank placement (see Map 8). The County, however, has not put forth any discussions concerning a County sewer system. 3. Solid Waste It was reported in the 1981 Plan Update that the joint land- fill used by Chowan and Perquimans Counties had a useful life of about three years. However, a new landfill has been developed and has been in use several years. The landfill is located in Perquimans County and has a projected utility of from 10 to 12 years. The County still operates its "greenbox" collection sys- tem, utilizing the services of a private contractor. From 75 to 100 "green boxes" are located throughout.the County. 4. School Enrollments In recent years, the Edenton-Chowan County school system has been faced with steady declines in enrollments. Notice Table 21, below: 1 46 TABLE 21: Chowan County _School Enrollments 1981-1986 School Year Enrollments Change 1981-82 2,510 -- T 1982-83 1983-84 2,478 2,429 - 32 - 49 1984-85 2,425 4 1985-86 *2,570 +145 Source: Edenton-Chowan County Schools *Based on first month's report The first month's report for the 1985-86 school year indicates , a substantial turnaround in enrollment levels. If current levels hold, the 1985-86 enrollment will exceed that for 1981-82. In - migration is the most likely cause of the increased enrollment levels. Nevertheless, since the 1981 Land Use Plan Update, the County is operating two less schools. Instead of two junior high schools and three elementary schools, the system now operates only one junior high and two elementary schools. Even with some unex- pected growth, however, the existing school facilities do not pose a serious constraint to population increases. r 5. Transportation ! There are several major thoroughfares in Chowan County. U.S. Highway 17 bisects the County from west to east in the southern section and includes a bypass around the Town of Edenton. N.C. Highway 37 enters the southern portion of the County via the Albemarle Sound Bridge, then cuts across into Perquimans County, then curves back into Chowan, near the northeastern tip of the County. Also, there are many State -maintained secondary roads -- paved and unpaved. Table 22, below, summarizes the highway mile- age as of 1982. TABLE 22: Chowan County Highway Mileage - 1982 PRIMARY - Total 53.63 Rural 48.17 Municipal 5.46 SECONDARY - Total 186.91 Rural 183.81 Municipal 3.10 TOTAL 240.54 Paved Unpaved 204.98 35.56 Source: North Carolina Local Government Statistical Abstract 47 1 11 ' A little more than 85% of the County's secondary roads are paved. As discussed previously, there is some concern about traffic volumes in the Old Base Road area (S.R. 1114). Recent traffic counts by N.C. DOT indicate some growth in average daily traffic (ADT) in the area, but still less than the estimated road capacities. Notice Table 23, below. TABLE 23: Average Daily Traffic, S.R. 1114, N.C. 32, 1981, 83, 85 ADT-YEAR Size 1981 1983 1985 S.R. 1114 (west of 200 400 n/a N.C. 32 ) N.C. 32 (north of 2,200 1,700 1,900 S.R. 1114) Source: N.C. DOT, Planning and Research 6. Medical Services Generally, medical services are adequate in Chowan County. The County maintains a 65-bed primary care facility, Chowan Hos- pital, Inc., which is managed by a private management firm. The hospital has a local Board of Directors, which is appointed by the County Board of Commissioners. The hospital serves Chowan County and several surrounding counties. There are also 15 physicians in private practice in the Town of Edenton (three have initiated practices since the 1981 Plan Update). A public health clinic is operated by the Chowan County Health Department, which is part of the five -county Regional Health Service. Additional specialized medical services are available in Greenville (60 miles away) and in Norfolk (80 miles away). In the Town of Edenton, there are several dentists and three pharmacy stores, one of which started operation since the 1981 Plan Update. 7. Emergency and Protective Services As in the case with medical services, emergency and protective services for Chowan County are also based in the Town of Edenton. Law enforcement in the County is primarily the responsibility of the County Sheriff and a staff of five deputies and one dispatch- er. The County is served by two Fire Departments. The Town of Edenton has a full-time Fire Department, while the County has one volunteer Fire Department based in the northern portion of the County at Smalls Crossroads. Emergency medical rescue is provided for the County by the Edenton-Chowan Rescue Squad, which consists of three full-time personnel and volunteers. All three full-time personnel and several volunteers are certified Emergency Medical Technicians. The rescue squad building is located behind the Chowan Hospital in Edenton. There are also two rescue squad units outside of Edenton, one each in Gliden and in Rockyhock. The 48 services are coordinated by a full-time Emergency Services , Coordinator. The rescue squad maintains its own number and dispatch system, as do both the Sheriff's Department and Fire Departments. There is no single emergency number currently designated in Chowan County. The County has discussed adopting the 911 emergency number. 8. Other Facilities Other public facilities in Chowan County include the County Library, which is part of a regional library system based in Plymouth. The library also operates a bookmobile to a high school and a junior high school. Most County offices are currently housed in the County Administration Building, including the Board of Education. Because of the age of the structure, discussions have been conducted concerning eventually providing new admini- strative office facilities for the County departments. However, no definite plans have been made. G. ESTIMATED DEMAND 1. ' Population and Economy According to projections in Table 1, Chowan County's popula- tion in 1995 will be 13,808, an increase of 848 persons over the 1985 estimate of 12,960. (Both estimates were provided by the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management). This growth rate (6.54%) does not imply a "rapid growth" situation and should not impose severe stresses upon existing facilities and services. If current trends continue, the Town of Edenton can expect to gain about 42%, or 356 of the 848 additional persons, leaving 492 residing in the County. (This is based on Edenton's proportion of the County's 1980 population and the most recent-- 1984--State estimate for municipalities, assuming the proportion holds steady and the Town does not annex. Edenton's most recent population estimate is projected at 5,497, representing a modest increase since the 1980 Census). Again, on the basis of current trends, most of the 492 additional persons in the County will reside in the Edenton and Middle Townships. Also, there appears to be a trend toward smaller households (e.g., the average house- hold size in 1970 was 3.3 persons, but only 2.85 in 1980), the average household size in Chowan County by 1995 could be 2.5 per- sons. Thus, assuming an average of 2.5 persons per household in 1995, the increased population by that time could result in 142 additional households for the Town of Edenton and 197 more house- holds in the unincorporated portions of the County, mostly in the Edenton and Middle Townships. The 339 projected total additional households will place certain demands upon goods, services, and facilities. However, as stated above, only 197 households are forecast to locate in the County. It should also be noted here that there is no appreciable seasonal population in Chowan County. i 49 � J I 1 1 1 I Based on recent trends, it is likely that the impact of the population increase upon the local economy will be felt more in the Town of Edenton than in the rest of Chowan County. Edenton is a small, but growing commercial and service center. Therefore, it is more likely that increased commercial activities and other services, as well as employment, will likely occur in Edenton. 2. Future Land Need Most of the land required to accommodate additional resi- dential growth in Chowan County consists of vacant, undeveloped lots in previously platted subdivisions, such as Arrowhead, Cape Colony, and Windsor Woods. Nearly all of the lots in the Country Club Subdivision are already developed. However, preliminary proposals for a significant expansion of Country Club have been discussed with County officials. In the 1981 Plan Update, it was stated that approximately 70% of the new residential growth would occur in previously platted subdivisions, with 30% being developed in one-half to one -acre lots along major roads. Even if the pro- jected 848 total additional persons by 1995 (approximately 339 households at the assumed average household size of 2.5 persons) resided on one -acre tracts, only about 339 acres of additional developable land would be needed. This would include the projec- ted growth both within and outside of the Town of Edenton. How- ever, with the expansion of the County -wide water system, in near- ly all cases, less than one -acre per unit will be needed. With more than 110,000 acres of forests and farmlands, an additional 339 acres of residential acreage is not significant. Land availability should pose no problems. 3. Community Facilities Need The additional population increase by 1995 outside of Edenton of 492 persons, or 197 households, will require more water from the Chowan County water system. However, as discussed under "Community Facilities Constraints," the expanded water system, at peak operation, should be able to handle approximately 2,155 addi- tional customers at 1985 average daily use rates. Therefore, even with the addition of moderate industrial consumption, the County water system should be adequate to serve the projected increase. Outside of Edenton, additional residents will have to continue to rely on septic tanks for disposal of sewage. With the avail- ability of suitable, well -drained soils and/or the installation of modified septic systems in certain soil types, and as approved by the County Health Department, septic tank placement should not pose major problems. The County's solid waste disposal system, having recently begun use of a new landfil with Perquimans County, should be adequate throughout the planning period. 50 If development continues in the Cape Colony -Country Club- ' Airport area, it is likely that the condition of S.R. 1114, i.e., "Old Base Road," will continue to deteriorate. Presently, because of the State designation as a "secondary" route, funding alloca- tions for maintenance and improvements are considered inadequate by County officials. The County has discussed requesting that the State designate the route a "primary" thoroughfare so that ade- quate funds could be provided for the road's long-term improve- ments and maintenance needs. Currently, there are still six boat ramps located in the ' County providing recreational and commercial water access to the public. Only two are publicly owned, while four are private, charging minimal fees. This appears to be inadequate for a County with such a large number of miles of shoreline. There are still no public swimming facilities in the County. As the population increases, there will likely be a need for additional points of public water access for both boating and swimming. Other facilities and services, such as schools, medical, protective and emergency services, are projected to be adequate throughout the planning period. 51 1 SECTION 11 : Policy Statements 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 r SECTION II: POLICY STATEMENTS The formulation of specific policies regarding growth and management objectives is perhaps the most important part of this updated Land Use Plan. Those policies must, in some cases, strike a delicate balance between objectives of the Coastal Resources Commission and the desires and objectives of the citizens of Chowan County. Most of the trends identified in the 1981 Plan are still continuing, so in many instances, policies set forth in the 1981 Plan will not require significant modification. As the analysis of existing conditions showed, these ongoing trends include: a moderately growing population, increased waterfront development, and the continuing potential for the mining of peat. The Coastal Resources Commission, recognizing the diversities which exist among the Coastal counties and communities, required the County to specify particular development policies under four rather broad topics in 1981. For the 1986 Update, however, the CRC has added a fifth issue, i.e., "Storm Hazard Mitigation." In most cases, policies developed under these topics will cover most of the local development issues, but in some cases, they do not. In the latter case, the locality has the flexibility to address its own locally defined issues. The five required broad topics are: ° Resource Protection ° Resource Production and Management ° Economic and Community Development ° Continuing Public Participation ° Storm Hazard Mitigation After an analysis of the existing conditions and trends and input from the County's citizens, the foregoing policies were developed to provide an overall framework for guiding growth and development in Chowan County throughout the current planning period, i.e., through 1995. A. RESOURCE PROTECTION 1. Areas of Environmental Concern: Development Policies Chowan County recognizes the primary -concern of the Coastal Resources Commission, in terms of protecting resources, as man- aging Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs). The County also shares this concern for the protection and sound management of these environmentally sensitive land and waters. The AECs which occur in Chowan County were identified in Section I of this Plan on pages 27 through 30. All of these areas are within the Estu- arine System. In terms of developing policies, the Estuarine System AECs, which include Coastal Wetlands, Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, and Public Trust Areas, will be treated as one uniform grouping since they are so closely interrelated. Another reason for grouping these AECs together is the fact that 52 the effective use of maps to detail exact on -ground location of a ' particular area, poses serious limitations. Chowan County's overall policy and management objective for ' the estuarine system is "to give the highest priority to the pro- tection and coordinated management of these areas, so as to safe- guard and perpetuate their biological, social, economic, and aes- thetic values and to ensure that development occurring within these AECs is compatible with natural characteristics so as to minimize the likelihood of significant loss of private property and public resources." (15 NCAC 7H. 0203) In accordance with this ' overall objective, Chowan County will permit those land uses which conform to the general use standards of the North Carolina Admini- strative Code (15 NCAC 7H) for development within the Estuarine System. Generally, only those uses which are water dependent will be permitted. Specifically, each of the AECs within the Estuarine System is discussed below according to definitions derived from 15 NCAC 7H. It should be noted, however, that occasionally por- ' tions of the Administrative Code change, which may affect defini- tions and use standards. ' a. Coastal Wetlands By technical definition, there are no "coastal wetlands", , i.e., regularly flooded salt marsh areas containing certain plant species, of any significance in Chowan County. Most of what could be termed "wetlands" in the County consist of "wooded swamp" areas in the lowlands near the river. The more sensitive areas are ' those closest to the water. The wooded swamps in Chowan County could also possibly contain areas that sustain remnant species, and wildlife habitats, all of which are important to Chowan County. However, the County does not believe that all land uses in these areas should be prohibited. The first priority of uses of land in these areas should be the allowance of uses which pro- mote "conservation" of the sensitive areas, with conservation meaning the lack of imposition of irreversible damage to the wet- lands. Generally, uses which require water access and uses such as utility easements, fishing piers and docks, will be allowed, ' but must adhere to use standards of the Coastal Area Management Act (LAMA: 15 NCAC 7H). b. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines The importance of the estuarine waters and adjacent estuarine ' shorelines in Chowan County was discussed in Section I of this document on pages 28-29 and under "Estuarine Erosion Area," pages 35-36. Chowan County is very much aware that protection of the ' estuarine waters and adjacent estuarine shorelines -- both vital components of the estuarine system -- is of paramount importance to fishing, both commercially and for recreation. Chowan County recognizes that actions within the estuarine , shoreline, which is defined as the area extending 75 feet landward 1 53 , L of the mean high waterline of the estuarine waters, could have a substantial effect upon the quality of these waters. This area is subject to erosion and occasional flooding, which could not only affect the quality of the adjacent estuarine life, but also threaten the security of personal property from developments located therein. The estuarine erosion rates cited in Section I of this report indicate that certain land areas in the County have historically lost land to erosion at an average rate of 0.94 feet per year. If a waterfront lot were to be located in such an area without stabilization measures, 9.4 feet of the lot could possibly be lost to erosion over 10 years. In order to promote the quality of the estuarine waters as well as minimize the likelihood of significant property loss due to erosion or flooding, Chowan County will permit only those uses which are compatible with both the dynamic nature of the estuarine ' shorelines and the values of the estuarine system. Residential, recreational, and commercial uses may be permitted within the estuarine shoreline, provided that: ° a substantial chance of pollution occurring from the development does not exist; ° natural barriers to erosion are preserved and not sub- stantially weakened or eliminated; ° the construction of impervious surfaces and areas not allowing natural drainage is limited only to that neces- sary for developments; ° standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act 1973 are met; ' ° development does not have a significant adverse impact on estuarine resources; ° development does not significantly interfere with existing public rights or access to, or use of, navigable waters or ' public resouces; c. Public Trust Areas ' Chowan County recognizes that the public has certain esta- blished rights to certain land and water areas. (For definitions I and geographic locations of public trust areas, see page 29, Section I). These public areas also support valuable commercial and recreational fisheries, waterfowl hunting, and also contain significant aesthetic value. Chowan County will promote the con- servation and management of public trust areas. Appropriate uses include those which protect public rights for navigation and recreation. Projects which would directly or indirectly block or ' impair existing navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water circula- tion patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause degrada- tion of shellfish waters, shall generally not be allowed. Allow- able uses shall be those which do not cause detriment to the physical or biological functions of public trust areas. Such uses 54 1� as navigational channels, drainage ditches, bulkheads to prevent , erosion, piers, docks, or marinas, shall be permitted. d. Policy Alternatives: Development in AECs ' Sections a, b, and c of this Part have presented details of Chowan County's position on land uses in the statutorily defined , Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs). Policy alternatives include: (1) Revising and strengthening the existing Subdivi- sion Regulations, to impose stricter design stan- dards, particularly in waterfront areas, or areas with water accessibility. (2) Adopt either a County -wide Zoning Ordinance, to establish certain "zones," or districts with ' specified uses and restrictions, or expand the current ordinance which covers the Cape Colony. Country club areas to include other developing ' areas of the County, e.g., Arrowhead-Chowan Beach. (3) Continue to utilize current management tools and , enforcement system, i.e., existing Subdivision Regulations (with no modifications), along with Federal and State permit and review processes, i.e., 404, and CAMA. e. Policy Choices I Chowan County will continue.to utilize existing regulatory system, i.e., existing Subdivision Regulations, Zoning Ordinance, (with no modifications), along with Federal and State permit and I review processes, i.e., 404, and CAMA. 2. Development in Areas with Constraints , The constraints to development in Chowan County were discussed in Section I (pages 45-49) and relate to both physical constraints and limitations of community facilities. The physical constraints , include man-made hazards such as the Edenton Airport area, and natural hazards such as high hazard flood areas, estuarine erosion areas, soils limitations, and natural and cultural resource I fragile areas. The high hazard flood areas, i.e., areas susceptible to the ' 100-year flood, is not as extensive in Chowan County as it is in some other coastal counties. As the attached Map indicates, although substantial portions of the County are considered to be in the "Zone A" category, according to maps prepared by the , Federal Emergency Management Agency, the majority of the County is classified as "Zone C", i.e., minimally flooded areas susceptible to a 500-year flood. The areas with the highest risk appear to be , 55 ' ' some of the estuarine shoreline areas along the northern Chowan River shore and several interior lowland areas. Although most of the County is not flood prone, it is still not realistic that all ' development should be prohibited from these areas. Estuarine erosion areas, as a physical constraint to develop- ment, often correlate to the high hazard flood areas. Soils limitations for development also usually relate to flood -prone areas. Some of the soil types have limited permeability or too ' rapid permeability, making septic tank placement a problem. Also, pockets of muck or silt -type soils cannot support septic tanks nor bear the construction of heavy foundations. There are no extensive natural resource fragile areas in Chowan County, and those which do exist are closely linked with the previously identified AECs. The cultural resource fragile i areas were discussed on page 49). Existing community facilities, i.e., water, solid waste collection, etc., do not pose a serious constraint to development. ' a. Policy Alternatives Possible policy alternatives regarding managing growth and ' development in areas with identified constraints include: (1) Amend subdivision regulations to include stricter ' design standards. (2) Develop and adopt additional regulations, or modi- fy existing ones, such as a Zoning Ordinance or ' Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance to regulate or prohibit all development in areas with identified physical constraints. ' (3) Permit development in those areas, utilizing cur- rent state, federal and local regulatory process- es, i.e., zoning, CAMA, flood ordinance, current subdivision regulations, and Corps of Engineers 404 permits, and where adequate protective mea- sures have been taken. b. Policy Choices Chowan County adopts the following policies regarding deve- lopment in areas with constraints. ' (1) Development will be permitted in some areas subject to erosion, provided proposals comply with provisions outlined for development within the estuarine shorelines (see page 55). 56 n (2) Chowan County realizes the inevitability of some ' development occurring in high hazard flood areas. Therefore, the County will continue to participate , in the National Flood Insurance Program and enforce its "regular" Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance enforcement through the County Building ' Inspection Program. Proposed developments which are not otherwise damaging to AECs may be permitted, provided protective measures which comply with flood insurance requirements are ' imposed. (3) Development in areas where soil types have limited bearing capacity will not be encouraged. (4) In areas with possible septic tank limitations, ' Chowan County will remain committed to decisions rendered by the Regional Health Department's Sanitarian for the County. C. Implementation Schedule ' Chowan County will continue to support enforcement of existing ' regulatory controls. 3. Hurricane and Flood Evacuation Needs and Plans , An entire section within the Policy Statement discussions is included separately for hurricane and flood evacuation, as well as storm mitigation of post -storm redevelopment policies, beginning ' on page 74. 4. Other Resource Protection Policy Areas ' There are some additional resource protection issues which are required to be addressed by the CAMA planning guidelines and which ' have lesser definition in Chowan County than in some other coastal areas. These areas, along with relevant policy discussion and statements are included below: a. Protection of Potable Water Supply ' As discussed in Section 1, pages 45 and 46, Chowan County's water distribution system is based on the groundwater drawn through a total of three wells as the supply source. Land uses near groundwater sources are regulated by the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management through N.C.A.C. Subchapter ' 57 2L and Subchapter 2C. Chowan County recognizes the importance of protecting potable water supplies and therefore supports the enforcement of these regulations. b. Use of Package Treatment Plants Since, as reported on page 46, the only centralized sewer service in the County is in the Town of Edenton, it may become necessary to develop small package treatment systems in order to accommodate certain types of development in outlying areas of the ' County. This development may be residential, commercial, or industrial. It shall be the policy of Chowan County to allow such package plants if they can be constructed within the overall intent of this plan and meet other federal and state environmental regulations. ' c. Stormwater Runoff Associated with Agriculture, Residential Development, Phosphate or Peat Mining, and Its Impact on Coastal Wetlands, Surface Waters, or Other Fragile Areas ' Stormwater runoff is basically the same issue as surface drainage in Chowan County. Policies on surface drainage are ' addressed in other areas of this Plan. (See Part B, this section, "Resource Production and Management Policies", for policies relat- ing to agriculture, [B.11, residential development [B.6], and peat mining [B.3], and discussion of related impacts. Phosphate mining is not an issue in Chowan County. d. Marina and Floating Home Development ' The development of marinas has significant commercial and recreational potential in Chowan County. Therefore, the County supports the development of marinas, in compliance with existing environmental regulations. The County believes that additional studies of the County's needs are required in order to indicate ' possible sizes or locations of marinas. (Also, see Part C A , "Redevelopment of Developed Areas", Section II). So-called "floating homes" are not an issue or problem in Chowan County. e. Industrial Impacts on Fragile Areas Part C.1, "Types and Locations of Desired Industry", contains specific policy statements on industry. (See pages 64-65). f. Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands ' There is one estuarine system island in Chowan County's juris- diction, i.e., Holiday Island. This island can be characterized as a wooded swamp and is, therefore, a natural fragile area. It ' is the County's policy that this area should be protected from any environmentally adverse development. This area will be classified as "Conservation" on the Chowan County Land Classification Map. ' (See Map 10, attached.) 58 B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES Appropriate management tant to any locality. In counties, the productive r predominant economic secto sity of balanced managemen major productive resources commercial forestry, comme recreational land uses. 1. Agriculture of productive resources is very impor- Chowan County, as with many coastal esources are intricately tied to the rs of the County which makes the neces- t policies of paramount importance. The to be considered relate to agriculture, rcial and recreation fisheries, and Agriculture, as discussed under analysis of existing economic conditions, is the second most important income source in Chowan County. More of the County's income comes from this sector than from any other sectors except manufacturing. The importance of farming and its supportive activities cannot be overestimated in Chowan County. Executive Order 96, "Conservation of Prime Agri- cultural and Forest Lands", was supposed to have led to the iden- tification of "prime areas," in both agriculture and forestry, by the soil and water conservation districts. However, this identi- fication has not occurred in Chowan County. Nevertheless, accord- ing to the County Agricultural Extension Agent, the most produc- tive farmlands are located in the northern section of the County from Edenton, mostly east of N.C. 132, and to a lesser extent, west of N.C. 132. a. Policy Alternatives (1) Do not impose any additional land use controls or restrictions on agricultural practices. (2) Expand the existing partial zoning ordinance and zone certain lands as "agricultural," with use restrictions and limitations. (3) Continue to support and encourage use of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service's "Best Management Practices" program and the Non -Point Pollution Agricultural Cost -Share Program. b. Policy Choice (1) Chowan County, in recognition of the importance of agriculture to the County's economy, believes that existing federal and state permitting procedures (CAMA and Corps of Engineers) pose enough limita- tions to the use of farmland in the County. Because of the soil types and topography, the County recognizes that proper drainage is essen- 59 1 L �1 1 1 ' tial and must be allowed to continue as needed, and as it does not result in irreversible damage to environmentally sensitive areas. Therefore, no ' additional limitation or policies will be adopted. However, the County will support and encourage the identification of "prime" farmland in Chowan County and participation in the Non -Point Pollu- tion Agricultural Cost -Share Program, including the S.C.S., use of the "Best Management Prac- tices". These programs are designed to balance proper agricultural management with protection of nutrient -sensitive waters from agricultural run- off. c. Implementation Schedule ' (1) Leave the existing process as is. (2) Encourage the Regional Soil and Water Conservation ' District to identify prime agricultural lands by FY 88, so that these areas can be mapped. (3) Continue to support State Clearinghouse review of ' impact of development on prime agricultural lands. ' 2. Commercial Forestry Woodlands and forests cover most of Chowan County's landscape. Substantial amounts of income are generated annually from forest products, mainly from saw timber. "Prime" forest lands, as defined in Executive Order 96, have not as yet been identified for mapping in Chowan County. "Productive" forest lands, however, are ' found in many sections of the County. a. Policy Alternatives ' (1) The County could, through the adoption and en- forcement of local ordinances, impose restrictions on timbering practices and require commercial loggers to replant and reclaim timbered areas. (2) The County could leave current practices as they are without imposing additional restrictions. b. Policy Choice ' (1) The County believes that imposing additional restrictions are not necessary at this time nor should be throughout the planning period. How- ever, Chowan County will encourage reforestation whenever feasible, as a sound timber management practice. ' 60 C. Implementation Schedule I (1) Leave the existing process as is. , (2)-Encourage the Regional Soil and Water Conservation District to identify prime forestlands by FY 88, so that these areas can be mapped. (3) Continue to support State clearinghouse review of the impact of development projects on prime forestlands. , 3. Mining Resource Areas Unlike some other coastal counties, Chowan County does not have vast reserves of some mineable resources, i.e., peat or phos- phate. However, there are some sand mining areas in the County and there may be potential for others. As a policy, Chowan County , believes the existing sand pits, and possibly others, should oper- ate as long as they are in compliance with federal, state, and local environmental regulations. , 17, L 61 1 [I u 4. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries The productive water bodies in and around Chowan County have been steady and valuable contributors to the local economy as well as provided many opportunities for recreational fishing. With the overall water quality of the Chowan River steadily improving, and. with increasing annual catches over the last several years, it appears that commercial fishing has the potential to expand in Chowan County. It is, therefore, very important to continue those actions and programs which enhance and protect the water quality of productive fishing areas, i.e., the Chowan River and the Albe- marle Sound. In recent years, concern has been raised by commer- cial fishermen along North Carolina's Coast and the State Division of Marine Fisheries, that freshwater run-off (particularly from agricultural drainage) has been detrimental to estuarine waters by altering the salinity content. Concern also has been raised because of incidences of fecal coliform, coming from septic tank seepage, showing up in primary shell -fishing waters and forcing the "closing" of such waters. Although shell fish harvesting is not as significant locally, as in some other areas, Chowan County would like to see water quality in all of the productive water bodies maintained. As discussed previously, water quality has long been of con- cern in Chowan County. Fishing can be detrimentally affected by poor water quality. Although significant strides have been made in recent years, the Chowan River has been experiencing serious problems associated with "cultural entrophication," i.e., algae blooms, since about 1970. Studies by State Environmental and Marine Fisheries officials indicated a suspicious link between the algal blossoms and fish kills, decline in commercial fish catches, and an epidemic of red sore disease (from: Chowan River Water Quality Management Plan, 1982). However, since the State ini- tiated "CHORE," i.e., the Chowan River Restoration Project, and declared the river to be "Nutrient Sensitive Waters," a number of positive actions have been taken to reduce both point and non - point sources of pollution into the waters. Chowan County has been and remains supportive of these actions. It should be noted that in 1985, fish landings were higher than in many previous years, reaching near record levels. a. Policy Alternatives (1) Not impose additional local restrictions on land clearing, but continue to support existing State and local efforts to improve and maintain water quality, including the 404 permit process, en- forcement of septic tank placement regulations, particularly in areas with unsuitable soils and high erosion areas, and the Agricultural Non -Point Cost Share Program. 62 11 b. Policy Choices , (1) The County will support enforcement of current State, federal and local regulations as well as ' support those activities undertaken as a result of the Chowan River Water Quality Management Plan, 1982. (2) Continue to enforce the County's subdivision regu- lations, requiring larger lot sizes for residences in areas where soils are not as well suited for septic tank placement in accord with rules en- forced by the Regional Health Department. c. Implementation Schedule (1) Continue to support enforcement of existing regu- latory provisions as outlined in b. above. 5. Off -Road Vehicles The mention of "off -road" vehicles in coastal North Carolina usually conjures ideas of four-wheel drive type vehicles running up and down sandy beaches. However, there are no ocean beaches in ' Chowan County. Nevertheless, off -road vehicles are important in some sections of the County because of the necessity for landown- ers or hunters to travel in swampy areas. As this property is private and not available to the public as public beaches are, the , use of these vehicles is acceptable in these cases. No other policy discussion on this issue is deemed necessary. ' 6. Residential and Commercial Land Development Chowan County, as discussed under sections of this report analyzing existing population and economic trends, has few concen- trations of population outside of Edenton. Also, just- between the census years of 1970 and 1980 did the County end a two -decade old , trend of population losses. Although the growth trend is pro- jected to continue through the planning period, Chowan County is not in a "rapid growth" situation and is not suffering the pres- sures resulting from increased residential, commercial, or indus- trial uses of land. Without ignoring the limitations presented in other policy discussions in this report Chowan County views itself as being in a position to accommodate additional growth and devel- opment. Additional development particularly commercial and industrial ' development, is regarded as desirable because of the important local revenue and employment generating impacts. The other policy statements regarding resource protection adequately voice the 63 1 I 11 11 County's concerns regarding these resources. However, land deve- lopment, whether for residential, commercial or industrial uses, and in conformance with existing regulatory controls will be encouraged in Chowan County. A more detailed discussion of the specific types of develop- ment along with relevant policy statements are included in the following section, "Economic and Community Development Policies" C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES The analysis of overall existing conditions and trends for this 1986 Update of the Chowan County Land Use Plan did not show any alarming trends which would drastically alter general economic and community development policies contained in the 1981 Plan. However, some relevant trends which have been identified include: ° Population growth in the County, especially in the Edenton and middle Townships • Growth in the County's labor force indicating a need for expanded job opportunities • Growth and stability of the County's three basic resource extraction economic activities, i.e., farming, fishing, and forestry, and of increasing importance, manufac- turing ° Continuing improvement of the Chowan River's water qual- ity Chowan County is very much concerned about the future growth in economic and community development. As the population gradual- ly increases, the economic base will need to expand, more housing will be needed and increased, although relatively minor, pressures will be placed on community facilities. Sound public investment decisions will also have to be made. All of these issues and others are important in the formulation of land use policies. Particular issue areas and policy statements are discussed below. 1. Types and Locations of Desired Industry Although there are several industries located in the County outside of Edenton, Chowan County has a need for increased job opportunities for many of its unemployed and underemployed citi- zens. Industrial development could provide these opportunities as well as expand the County's tax base. Chowan County would like to see industry developed which could take advantage of existing natural resources and/or expand upon the current major industries in the County. Industries such as seafood processing, food canneries, paper and wood manufacture, and marine -related industries would all be considered desirable as 64 long as the integrity of environmentally sensitive areas could be assured of maintenance and stability. Also, other low -pollution, light manufacturing and/or assembly industries would be desirable. a. Locations and Standards The County would like to see industry locate, if feasible, in i industrial parks which could be developed in suitable locations in the County. All industrial prospects will be required to comply with general development standards which are designed to protect environmentally sensitive areas, including: (1) Providing an assessment of the impact of the development of the industry and be required to use the best available technology to avoid pollution of air or water during construction or operation. , (2) Be located on land having stable, well -drained soils. The sites should be located in areas adequately protected from flooding and be accessible to existing public utilities and trans- portation routes. Some industries such as boat or ship maintenance and repair, may need to be close to water areas, or have adequate water access. b. Policy Alternatives Possible policy alternatives concerning industrial development , in Chowan County include: (1) The development of an active industrial recruiting , program conducted jointly by the County and the Town of Edenton (2) Conducting studies to see which industry types may want to locate in the County, and assessing pos- sible environmental impacts (3) Seeking funding and technical assistance to develop and additional industrial park or parks within the County ' 65 I �I c. Policy Choices As Chowan County recognizes the need for economic expansion and the fact that industrial development can greatly enhance this expansion, the County hereby adopts the following position. (1) The County, in cooperation with the Town of Edenton, will seek to develop an active industrial recruitment program, seeking low -pollution, light manufacturing industries. (2) Chowan County will seek technical assistance and financial help to develop at least one industrial park, to be located outside of Edenton. (3) The County believes that all industrial prospects should be given a fair, case -by -case assessment in order to carefully compare possible economic bene- fits with possibly negative environmental effects. Such reviews will be coordinated by Chowan County. (4) The County will provide water through the County water system, and with the Town of Edenton (if the Town's current policies change), provide, as much as is locationally and economically feasible, sewer, to newly locating industries. d. Implementation Schedule The County will establish more active contact with the State's industrial development representative for the region. The County will actively explore funding assistance to develop an industrial park, outside of, but near the Town of Edenton. 2. Local Commitment to Service Provisions Currently, the major service to development provided by the County is water, through the County -wide water system. The County water system, independent of the Town of Edenton's system, serves nearly all residential areas in the County. The excess capacity of the County water system is more than adequate to meet projected demand based on population growth trends throughout the planning period (through 1995). A county -wide sewer system has been shown to be economically infeasible. Both Chowan County and the Town of Edenton are committed to providing basic services such as water and, where feasible, sewer to serve increased development in the County. However, it has been the policy of the Town of Edenton to not extend sewer ser- vices outside of the Town, and even the proposed new land applica- tion treatment system will have little if any excess capacity. ' Other support facilities and services provided by or within the County such as police and fire protection, health services, social services, solid waste collection, and library services, appear to be adequate throughout the planning period. As develop- ment occurs and the local tax base expands accordingly, slightly higher levels of county -provided services can be provided. a. Policy Alternatives (1) Do not encourage the provision of services for new , development in an attempt to keep things as they are. ' (2) Encourage extension and expansion of needed ser- vices as much as feasible, to accommodate new residential, commercial, or industrial develop- ment. b. Policy Choice (1) Chowan County will remain committed to providing needed services, as economically feasible, to accommodate new residential, commercial, and , industrial development in the County. C. Implementation Schedule (1) The County will work with the Town of Edenton throughout the period to encourage the provision of services where needed, and as feasible, for new ' development. 3. Desired Urban Growth Patterns The most significant "urban" area in Chowan County is the Town of Edenton. Most of the rest of the residential development in the County has a pronounced rural pattern, except for two major subdivision areas near the Chowan River and the Albemarle Sound, i.e., Arrowhead-Chowan Beach and Cape Colony Country Club. How- ever, with the expansion of the County water system, subdivisions may develop in other parts of the County. Future subdivisions will all have to meet formal orderly , development design standards in accord with the County Subdivision Regulations. The rural cluster community pattern, evident in the Valhalla, Rockyhock, and Tyner communities, for example, is usu- ally built around a church or churches and a community store. 67 r� I U Most of the developed areas appear to be located in areas where the soils are more suited for development, i.e., capable of sup- porting septic tanks. Another trend in the County possibly affecting urban growth patterns is the increasing number of mobile homes. Although most- ly scattered on individual lots, mobile homes have established themselves as a viable housing alternative for many residents and the County may wish to plan for the eventuality of mobile home parks. a. Policy Alternatives (1) Chowan County could encourage the continuation of existing rural cluster community patterns. (2) The County could discourage a duplication and con- tinuation of the existing development patterns by expanding the current zoning Ordinance which could prohibit areas with identified limitations (soils, or presence of AECs, for example) from develop- ing. (3) Develop and adopt a Mobile Home Park Ordinance to establish design standards for mobile home parks and mobile home placement in the County. b. Policy Choices (1) The existing rural cluster communities are a long established residential pattern in Chowan County, and will not be discouraged by the County. How- ever, the County will not encourage "new" develop- ments in areas with identified limitations such as soils, flood hazards, or proximity to AECs. How- ever, redevelopment, or rehabilitation activities are viewed as being acceptable. All newly devel- oping subdivisions will have to adhere to the standards of the County subdivision regulations. (2) Because of the increasing potential for additional residential growth in the County, it may become necessary to expand the current ordinance to cover additional land areas. The County will also con- sider the adoption of a draft Mobile Home Park Ordinance to establish design standards for mobile home parks. c. Implementation Schedule (1) Adopt a Mobile Home Park Ordinance in FY 86. (2) In FY 87, examine growth patterns and consider expansion of currently zoned areas. M] d 4. Redevelopment of Developed Areas , "Redevelopment" usually implies the refurbishing or rehabili- tation of deteriorating areas already concentrated with develop- ment. Although there are a number of substandard structures located throughout Chowan County, there are no substantial concen- trations or "neighborhoods," as might be found in more urbanized areas. However, detailed surveys in the future may reveal resi- dential areas with sufficient concentrations of substandard condi- tions, requiring redevelopment activities such as funded through a community development block grant. In such cases, it shall be the County's general policy to support applications for needed federal or state financial assistance. Also, some redevelopment activi- ties in the Town of Edenton, such as along the waterfront, for ' example, may be of mutual benefit and/or interest of the County. Again, it shall be the County's position to support such activ- ities. a. Policy Alternatives (1) Seeking funding through the State -administered Small Cities Community Development Block Grant Program to establish a housing improvements pro- gram when needed areas are identified. (2) Continue to work with the Town of Edenton in redevelopment projects of mutual concern and benefit, such as along the Town's waterfront. b. Policy Choices (1) Chowan County would like to see redevel- opment/rehabilitation activities occur in such communities as may be identified in the future, where there are concentrations of substandard housing conditions. (2) The County will continue to work with the Town of Edenton in encouraging redevelopment activities of the waterfront area and other projects of mutual interest and concern. C. Implementation Schedule (1) In FY 87, apply for a Community Development , Planning Grant in order to identify possible areas of concentrated substandard housing. 69 1 5. Commitment to State and Federal Programs Chowan County is generally receptive to State and Federal programs, particularly those which provide improvements to the County. The County will continue to fully support such programs. The North Carolina Department of Transportation road and bridge improvement programs are very important to Chowan County. Examples of other State and Federal programs which are impor- tant to and supported by Chowan County include: drainage planning and erosion control activities carried out by the U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service and the Agricultural Non -Point Pollution Control Cost Share Program, which is valuable to farmers; dredg- ing and channel maintenance by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; and Federal and State projects which provide efficient and safe 1 boat access for sports fishing. All of these programs and others are important to Chowan County, and the County is committed to their continued support. 6. Assistance to Channel Maintenance Proper maintenance of channels, including periodic dredging, is very important in Chowan County, mainly because of the substan- tial economic impact of commercial fisheries. If 1985 is taken as 1 an indication, then water quality in the Chowan River is improving and commercial fishing is also increasing in the County. If silt or other deposits fill in the channels, this could impede effi- cient mobility and docking of commercial and recreational vessels. With adequate channel maintenance, Chowan County can make better utilization of its waterways for water transportation purposes. 7. Energy Facilities Siting In some coastal counties, the siting or location of energy facilities relates to either peat mining or phosphate mining, or 1 off -shore oil exploration. However, in the absence of significant peat reserves, phosphate, or oil resources, no specific, detailed policies in this area can be formulated at this time. Neverthe- less, should the siting of an energy facility become a realistic possibility for Chowan County, it shall be the policy of the County to carefully review each such project and require strict adherence to federal, state, and any local environmental regulations. 70 1 8. Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access 1 As discussed under the economic analysis section, tourism income more than doubled from 1981 to 1984 and will likely have a significant impact upon Chowan County's economy in the future. Although most of the tourist economy revolves around "Historic" Edenton, Chowan County does support tourism and is aware of the potential economic benefit of such activity. Although there are several public access points to the public waters of Chowan County, i.e., two State-owned boat ramps and five under private ownership, but still open to the public, and one private beach, there is a real need for more public access. 71 L 11 71 1 a. Policy Alternatives (1) The County could establish no policies nor take any additional action, and assume that existing boating access points are sufficient for public access. (2) The County could take additional steps, including amending its Subdivision Ordinance, to assure better opportunity for general public waterfront access, even with developing waterfront access. (3) The County could seek funding assistance through the Division of Coastal Management's Beach Access Program to plan for and eventually acquire and develop specific public access sites. (4) The County could seek "donation" of sites by private landowners for public access development. b. Policy Choice (1) Chowan County wants to see improved waterfront access opportunities for the general public and will take additional measures to better assure those opportunities. C. Implementation Schedule (1) In FY 87, Chowan County will apply for funds through the Division of Coastal Management to develop a sound, practical public access Plan which will analyze the County's public access needs and designate potential access sites. (2) Also, in FY 87, Chowan County will review its existing Subdivision Regulations to see if and how additional steps can be taken to improve public access in new waterfront subdivisions. 9. Density of Development Overly dense development is not a problem in Chowan County, nor is anticipated to become a problem during the -period covered by this plan update. With an anticipated population growth of 848 persons between 1985 and 1995, (an increase of 6.5% over the 1985 estimate), the rate of growth will not push developed densities to unacceptable levels. As presented in other discussions in this report, there are soils for suitable residential development in most of the County. Also, most of the County is classified as "Zone C", i.e., minimally flooded areas according to the Flood Insurance Maps prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (See Maps 6, 8, and 9, attached). 72 Chowan County would like to see development continue in areas which are considered as most feasible to accommodate growth and where support services, such as water and sewer (including septic tank placement), are feasible and practical to provide. Also, the County will continue to enforce its Subdivision Regulations, and Zoning Ordinance for the Cape Colony Country Club areas, which have established minimum lot sizes in coordination with sanitary requirements of the County Health Department which will affect development densities. The minimum square footage for lots with- out access to public sewer ranges from 15,000 S.F. to 25,000 S.F. The average density of development in these areas will range from 2.9 to 1.7 units per acre. 10. Land Use Trends The overall land use trends, as have been discussed in other sections of this report, include continuing, although at a slower rate, land clearing activities; continued emphasis on agricultural uses of land, and increasing, although not dramatic, waterfront residential development. With County water available to the entire County, subdivisions may develop outside of currently developed areas, such as the Macedonia area, for example. The projected land use changes are not anticipated to be causes for alarm in Chowan County. Continued enforcement and coordination, of existing local, state, and federal land use regulations, i.e., through CAMA, Corps of Engineers, 404 process, sanitary regula- tions, and the County's Subdivision Regulations, and Zoning Ordi- nance, and building inspections program, are adequate to help assure orderly growth and development in the County. D. CONTINUING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POLICIES Chowan County recognizes that an important element in deve- loping and implementing any local policies or plans regarding the use of land in the County, is involvement of the County's citi- zenry. From the initial stages of development of this 1986 update of the County's CAMA Land Use Plan, Chowan County has sought to provide open opportunities for citizen input. A "Public Partici- pation Plan" was developed for the plan updating process, outlin- ing the methodology for citizen involvement. (See Appendix I.) The plan stated that public involvement was to be generated primarily through the County Planning Board and through "public information" meetings, advertised in local newspapers and open to the general public. The Planning Board meetings also are open to the general public. Specifically, during the beginning stages of the update process, on November 12, 1985, the Planning Board met with the planning consultant to review and discuss preliminary development issues; afterwards, a public information meeting was announced in the Chowan Herald newspaper, and public notices of the meeting were poste in pu lic places. This meeting was held January 29, 1986, with the Planning Board, the planning consultant, and a CAMA representative attending. Citizens had the opportunity to provide input and voice their concerns about land use trends and policies. Throughout the plan development process, the Planning Board was actively involved. A series of meetings, or "working sessions," were held. All of these meetings were open to the public. Specifically, work sessions and/or meetings were held on the following dates: November 12, 1985; January 14, January 29, February 18, March 18, April 15, May 5, and a joint -session with both the Planning Board and Commissioners was held on June 21 1986. 73 E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST -DISASTER RECOVERY, AND EVACUATION PLANS The entire North Carolina Coastal region, including Chowan County, faces strong threats of damage each year from hurricanes, Northeasters, or other major storms. For nearly 20 years, there was a marked "slowdown", or "lull", in hurricane activity along the State's coast. Predictions were that a major storm could strike the State at any time during the hurricane season, since such a storm was "long overdue". And then, in September, 1984, the "waiting" ended. Hurricane Diana, with some of the strongest sustained winds ever recorded, rammed into the Southeast coast near Wilmington. Although damage was extensive, the potential destruction was much greater and the damage would have been great- ly escalated had the storm hit land at a slightly different loca- tion. Again, a little over a year later in late September, 1985, coastal North Carolina faced another serious threat from Hurricane Gloria. Fortunately, this storm veered off the coast, took a northerly turn, and left no more than a good drenching for some areas. For two consecutive years, the State and the coastal areas were relatively fortunate. But what about next time? Notice the excerpt below from, Before the Storm: Managing Development to Reduce Hurricane Damages, McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, 1982, concerning development in coastal communities: "At the same time, development along the coast has grown by leaps and bounds. Unless this development is wisely located and built to withstand hurricane forces, North Carolina's coastal communities will face massive destruction. Local governments, as the primary protect- ors of the public health, safety, and general welfare, have a responsibility to reduce the risk of property damages and loss of life attending coastal development. They also have a responsibility to ensure that recon- struction following a major storm can occur quickly and leave the community safer from disaster in the future. These are the goals of hazard mitigation and reconstruc- tion planning." (p.iii) ' The purpose of this section of the 1986 CAMA Land Use Plan Update, is to assist Chowan County in managing development in potentially hazardous areas through establishing hazard mitigation policies and to reduce the risks associated with future hurricanes by developing post -disaster reconstruction/recovery policies, and reviewing the adequacy of current evacuation plans. The overrid- ing concept of this exercise is simply "planning ahead of time." "Hazard mitigation includes any activity which reduces the probability that a disaster will occur or minimizes the damage caused by a disaster. Hazard miti- gation includes not only managing devlopment, but also 1 74 1 evacuation planning and other measures to reduce losses of life and property. Reconstruction involves the full range of repair activities in the wake of a disaster which seek to return the community to a "normal" level of operations." (McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, p. iii). With this introduction, the following pages will present the storm hazard mitigation and post -disaster recovery policies, and review of the existing evacuation plan along with appropriate discussions. 1. Storm Hazard Mitigation: Discussion Hazard mitigation, or actions taken to reduce the probability or impact of a disaster could involve a number of activities or policy decisions. The starting point, however, is to identify the types of hazards (including the relative severity and magnitude of risks), and the extent of development (including residential, commercial, etc.) located in storm hazard areas. Hurricanes are extremely powerful, often unpredictable forces of nature. The two most severe effects are fatalities and pro- perty damage, which are usually the result of four causes: high winds, flooding, wave action, and erosion, each of which are dis- cussed briefly below: a. High Winds High winds are the major determinants of a hurricane, by definition, i.e., a tropical disturbance with sustained winds of at least 73 miles per hour. Extreme hurricanes can have winds of up to 165 miles per hour, with gusts up to 200 miles per hour. These winds circulate around the center or "eye" of the storm. Although the friction or impact of the winds hitting land from the water causes some dissipation of the full force, there is still a , tremendous amount of energy left to cause damage to buildings, overturn mobile homes, fell trees and powerlines, and destroy crops. Also, tornadoes can often be spawned by hurricane wind patterns. Wind stress is an important consideration in storm hazard mitigation planning. Because of a hurricane's size and power, it is likely that all of Chowan County would be subject to the same wind velocity in the event of a -storm. b. Flooding Flooding, on the other hand, may not affect all areas with equal intensity. The excessive amounts of rainfall and the "storm surge" which often accompany hurricanes can cause massive coastal and riverine flooding causing excessive property damage and deaths by drownings. (More deaths are caused by drowning than any other cause in hurricanes.) Flooding is particularly a problem in ocean coastal areas because of the storm surge and low-lying areas. 75 n G However, flooding can cause extensive damage in inland areas also, since many coastal areas have low elevations and are located in high hazard or "Zone A" flood areas according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency Maps. Based on recent flood insurance maps prepared for Chowan County, the majority of the County is not classified as being in the 100-year "high hazard" flood zone, or Zone "A." Substantial portions of the County are classed as Zone "C," i.e., minimally flooded. (See Map 6.) However, because of low elevation, the majority of the County could be subject to flooding during a severe hurricane. Although there are areas classified as "Zone C", i.e., in the 500-year "minimally flooded" area, in severe storms, Zone "C" areas would also likely be flooded. The risks, however, are not as severe as for Zone "A" areas. (See Map 9, "Composite Hazards Map," attached.) As Map 6 shows, most of the "development" in Chowan County is in the minimally flooded Zone "C" areas, with the highest con- centration of residential development in Zone "A" areas being in the northwest areas along the Chowan River and its creeks and tributaries. Flooding cannot only cause damage to buildings, but saltwater flooding can cause serious damage to croplands, which is what took place in the southern Albemarle region in 1954 and 1955 from Hurricanes Hazel, Connie, Dianne, and Ione (McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, pp. 2-8, 9). Notice Figure 1 on the following page. Chowan County was located sufficiently inland to have avoided the major flooding problems indicated in Figure 1, i.e., saltwater and freshwater flooding. Consideration of potential flood damage is, nevertheless, important in Chowan County's efforts to develop storm mitigation policies. 76 aars tt V SS 1 • A i�r• •.•vim • Z � yS: •' • ! '.i••�a,�+ e ,a•: • • �ii='.ate - Y i .r- �♦�'�� 1 M i, r i L.L 11 •• . r•. ;� • •i .fti Y:+,�� �.. .. �a� iw •� J S • i fii .•••.� ••r • � � »rya • •iij. �� •� ••}� ir_ L-•aL �.b-il ?. f i •t • C -. 'e • • • J ?�•�.:. • • •L• ? fi•� \ ti 1..:y � + .»»! ESL' r y.-�-J•14 �M .a.• Ic. Wave Action Damage from wave action is connected very closely to the storm surge, i.e., wind -driven water with high waves moving to vulner- able shoreline areas. Areas most likely to be affected are ocean erodible areas and estuarine shoreline areas. There are no ocean erodible areas in Chowan County, but there are extensive estuarine shoreline areas (75 feet inland from the mean high water mark of estuarine waters) in the County. However, wave action damage would have the most significant impact along the Albemarle Sound shoreline. As the existing land use map (Map 3, attached), and the composite hazards map (Map 9, attached) show, there is a sig- nificant amount of residential development in or near the estu- arine shoreline area. Wave action can cause erosion as well as push possible flood waters to areas not reached by the storm surge itself. The estuarine shoreline along Chowan's riverine shores, i.e., the Chowan and a portion of the Yeopim, are generally suf- ficiently inland from an open coast so that the wave energy is dispersed and diffracted, mainly by the proximity to forested areas. d. Erosion The final major consideration in storm hazard mitigation is severe erosion, caused by high winds, high water, and heavy wave action. Again, in Chowan County, the area most susceptible to storm -related erosion is the estuarine shoreline AEC along the Albemarle Sound from Queen Anne Creek south to Hornblower Point, and from the Yeopim River southwest to the N.C. 32 Bridge, and from Pembroke Creek south of Edenton to the Chowan River up to the U.S. 17 Bridge. North of the U.S. 17 Bridge, along the banks of the Chowan River, erosion has historically not been as severe. (See Map 7 and Chart 1, pages 36-37.) This is essentially the same area potentially affected by the action of damaging waves and described in part c, above. Shoreline erosion could lead to loss of property through portions of waterfront lots being washed into the Sound or even actual structural damage to buildings. Erosion potential is an important factor to consider in developing storm hazard mitigation policies. e. Summary: Storm Hazard Mitigation Considerations In summary, all four of the major damaging forces of a hurri- cane, i.e., high winds, flooding, wave action, and shoreline ero- sion could have a potential impact upon Chowan County in the event of a major storm. The degree of susceptibility to losses and/or damages was generally alluded to in the previous discussions. However, Table 24, below, provides a better projection of the percent of the County's building structures (residential and com- mercial, etc.), subject to the potentially devastating effects of a major storm: 1 78 11 TABLE 24: *Percent of Structures Subject to Storm Damage Factors, Chowan County Storm Impact Percent Structures Possibly Affected 1984 Tax Value (Millions) 1. High winds 100% 284,087 2. Flooding 10% 28,407 3. Wave Action 5% 14,204 4. Shoreline Erosion 5% 14,204 *Based on preliminary projections derived from examination of Existing Land Use Map. Map prepared by Talbert, Cox & Associates. Tax value provided by County Finance Office. The information in the Table above is preliminary and is not intended to convey the impression that every single structure possibly affected by damaging factors would be affected, only that the potential is there. Knowing that the potential is there forms the basis for setting forth storm hazard mitigation policies, keeping in mind that "mitigate" means actions which may reduce the probability of disaster, or minimize the damage caused by a disaster (McElyea, Brower, & Godschalk, p. iii). f. Policy Statements: Storm Hazard Mitigation In order to minimize the damage potentially caused -by the effects of a hurricane or other major storm, Chowan County pro- poses the following policies. (1) High Winds: Chowan County supports enforcement of the N. C. State Building Code, particularly requirements of con- struction standards to meet wind -resistive factors, i.e., "design wind velocity". The County will also support provisions in the State Building Code requiring tie -downs for mobile homes, which help resist wind damage. (2) Flooding: Chowan County -is supportive of the hazard mitigation elements of the National Flood Insurance Pro- gram. Currently, Chowan County is actively participating in the regular phase of the insurance program and has adopted and enforces a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Chowan County also supports continued enforcement of the CAMA and 404 Wetlands devel- opment permit processes in areas potentially susceptible to flood- ing. 79 1 I] I 11 3. Wave Action and Shoreline Erosion: Chowan County is supportive of the CAMA development permit process for estuarine shoreline areas and the requisite development standards which encourage both shoreline stabilization and facilitation of proper drainage. g. Implementation: Storm Hazard Mitigation (1) In FY 85, Chowan County established a County -wide building inspection program, including the employ- ment of a building inspector to enforce provisions of the N. C. State Building Code for new con- struction. These provisions include design requirements for wind resistance and mobile home tie -downs for newly placed mobile homes. (2) Chowan County has adopted and enforces, through its building inspection program, a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance for the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program. This ordinance which requires basic floodproofing for all new construction, including all first floor elevations being at or above the base flood elevations, will continue to be enforced as part of the County's new building inspection program. The base flood elevation, as shown on the flood insurance maps, is the elevation of the 100-year flood. (3) The County will continue to support enforcement of State and Federal programs which aid in mitigation of hurricane hazards, including CAMA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 permit process. h. Other Mitigation Policy Areas According to the CAMA Planning Guidelines, policy statements should also address the following three areas: (1) Means of dealing with structures and uses which do not conform to the hazard mitigation policies. (2) Means of encouraging hotels, restaurants, and similar large commercial structures to locate outside of erosion -prone areas. (3) Policies which deal with the acquisition of parcels located in hazard areas or rendered unbuildable, for the purpose of public access. All existing structures which do not conform to the County's mitigation policies can only be subject to the existing regula- tions. No additional requirements will be imposed. The latter two policy areas, above, cannot be effectively addressed by Chowan County, since they appear to be more applicable to oceanfront areas. There is no oceanfront in Chowan County. DR 11 2. Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan Chowan County recognizes that in the event of a major storm, it will be very important to have, at a minimum, a general recov- ery and reconstruction plan. However, it should be noted that Chowan County provides a number of emergency services, including disaster management. These services are coordinated by a full- time Emergency Services Coordinator. All of the County's emergen- cy and disaster plans, including those dealing with the effects of a hurricane, are maintained by the Emergency Services Coordinator. The County has a comprehensive "Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan," with a number of very well -detailed subplans, or "Annexes." For example, "Annex F" provides a detailed Damage Assessment Plan, whereas "Annex G" details the Disaster Assistance Center Plan. All of the subplans detail clearly the actions and steps to be taken in the event of an emergency, the officials and responsible personnel involved, as well as the lines of responsibility. All of the actions are coordinated with the Town of Edenton. Although many elements of "Post -Disaster Recovery" are already addressed in existing plans, some useful issues are not addressed. This section of the Land Use Plan Update will address these issues. a. Appointment of a "Post Disaster Recovery Team" Prior to a major storm having landfall in the vicinity of Chowan County, when evacuation orders are issued, the evacuation "Control Group," as identified in the Evacuation Plan, shall appoint a "Post -Disaster Recovery Team". This team shall consist of all of the members of the Evacuation Plan Support Group, also , as identified in the Chowan County Evacuation Plan and listed below. (1) Chowan County Manager - Group Chief (2) Town of Edenton City Manager - Assistant Group Chief (3) Sheriff (4) Director of Social Services (5) Superintendent of Schools (6) County Health Director (7) County Finance Director (8) Chief Warning Service (9) County Fire Marshall (10) County Public Information Officer (11) Chief Rescue Service (12) State Highway Patrol Liaison Officer (13) Red Cross Liaison Officer The Emergency Preparedness Coordinator will serve as the Team Leader and will be responsible to the Chairman of the Board of Commissioners. The base of operations will be the Emergency Oper- ations Center (EOC) identified in the County Evacuation Plan. The Disaster Recovery Team will be responsible for the following: 81 (1) Establishing an overall restoration schedule. (2) Setting restoration priorities. (3) Determining requirements for outside assistance and requesting such assistance when beyond local capabilities. (4) Keeping the appropriate County and State officials informed. (5) Keeping the public informed. (6) Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken and expenditures and obligations incurred. (7) Recommending to the Chairman of the Board of Commissioners to activate the local "state of emergency" ordinance if warranted. (8) Commencing and coordinating cleanup, debris removal and utility restoration which would include coordination of restoration activities undertaken by private utility companies. (9) Coordinating repair and restoration of essential public facilities and services in accordance with determined priorities. (10) Assisting private businesses and individual prop- erty owners in obtaining information on the var- ious types of assistance that might be available to them from federal and state agencies. b. Immediate Clean -Up and Debris Removal Coordination of this activity will be the responsibility of the Disaster Recovery Team. c. Long Term Recovery/Restoration The Disaster Recovery Team will be responsible for overseeing the orderly implementation of the reconstruction process after a major storm or hurricane in accord with the County's policies. (1) Damage Assessments: Damage assessments will be necessary to determine as quickly as possible a realistic estimate of the amount of damage caused by a hurricane or major storm. Information such as the number. of structures damaged, the magni- tude of damage, and the estimated total dollar loss will need to be developed. 82 As stated previously, Chowan County already has a detailed "Damage ' Assessment Plan," which was prepared in accordance to guidelines provided by the N.C. Division of Emergency Management. In the Plan, certain personnel are assigned to the Damage Assessment Section (DAS), broken down further into two Damage Assessment Teams (one for private property and one for public property). The damage assessment activities are to be coordinated by the Chowan County Tax Supervisor, who serves as the Damage Assessment Officer. As soon as safety conditions permit, the DAS personnel are to be notified to report to the County Emergency Operations Center, where they will receive their assignments and necessary supplies, i.e., standard forms, maps, etc. Written reports are to be pro- vided to the EOC. The damage assessments will continue until all suspect areas are covered, even after the arrival of Federal and State assistance. i Also, the Plan includes a Damage Assessment Guide, which provides a rule -of -thumb for estimating damages to real property and placing the damage in one of the four categories below: 1) MINOR DAMAGE - HABITABLE 10% damage Impact damage, mostly exterior surface, broken glass, minor roof damage, some shingle loss, or flood water mark not much above floor line. 2) MINOR DAMAGE - UNINHABITABLE 30% damage Impact damage to exterior wall or walls create openings, portion of roof open to attic, some interior damage, or flood water mark up to 3 feet above floor line. 3) MAJOR DAMAGE - UNINHABITABLE 70% damage Impact damage is extensive to exterior and inter- ior walls, portions of roof and/or walls destroyed, or flood water mark 3 to 6 feet above floor line. 4) DESTROYED - UNINHABITABLE 100% damage Impact damage has destroyed most of structure, roof gone, most walls destroyed, or flood water mark 8 feet above floor line. 83 H The total estimated dollar value of damages will be summarized and reported to the Disaster Recovery Team Leader for transmittal to appropriate State and/or Federal officials. (2) Reconstruction Development Standards: Generally, reconstruction shall be held at least.to the same standards as before the storm. However, developed structures which were destroyed and which did not conform to the County's storm hazard mitigation policies, i.e., with basic measures to reduce damage by high winds, flooding, wave action or erosion, must be redeveloped according to those policies. Non -conforming uses in areas subject to the zoning ordinance will comply with provisions of the ordinance if destroyed. In the event the loss of property con- taining shoreline structures is substantial enough to prohibit the reissuing of a septic tank permit, the County will support the decision of the Sanitarian. In some instances, this may mean relocation of construction, or no reconstruction at all. To the extent feasible, when relocation is required, such relocation will be placed in less hazardous areas. Building permits to restore destroyed or damaged structures, which were built in conformance with the State Building Code and County storm hazard mitigation policies (including the subdivision regulations and, where appli- cable, the zoning ordinance), shall be issued automatically. All structures suffering major damage will be repaired according to the State Building Code. All structures suffering minor damage, regardless of location, will be allowed to be rebuilt to the orig- inal condition prior to the storm. (3) Development Moratoria: Chowan County, because of a lack of densely populated areas, does not foresee the need to prohibit any and all development for any specified period of time. Residents shall be allowed to proceed with redevelopment and reconstruction as soon as practical and in accord with the various levels of State and federal disaster relief provided to them. Damage to the properties in some areas of the County may indicate a higher susceptibility to storm damage than other areas. If the County determines that some areas are more vulnerable to storm damage than others, then the Board of Commissioners may declare a development moratorium, prohibiting all redevelopment for a specified period of time. This will allow the County time to assess previous damage mitigation policies for their effectiveness and possible modification. (4) Repair/Reconstruction Schedule: The following schedule of activities and time frame are proposed with the realistic idea that many factors of a hurricane may render the Schedule infeasible. 1 84 Activity Time Frame (a) Complete and Report Damage Two weeks after storm Assessments (b) Begin Repairs to Critical As soon as possible Utilities and Facilities after storm (c) Permitting of Reconstruction Two weeks after damage activities for all damaged assessments are structures ("minor" to pre -storm complete original status, "major" to State building code and hazard mitigation standards (5) Agency Responsible for Implementation: The Chairman of the Chowan County Board of Commissioners, as chief elected official of the County, will be the chief responsible authority in implementing these policies. The Board Chairman will delegate the oversight of the reconstruction and recovery effort and implementation of the plan. (6) Repair and Replacement of Public Utilities: If water lines or any component of the water system are damaged and it is determined that the facilities can be relocated to a less hazardous location, then they will be relocated during reconstruc- tion. Damage to other utilities, such as electric lines or tele- phone lines, will be the responsibility of the appropriate private utility company. 3. Hurricane Evacuation Plan Chowan County, as stated previously, has an official "Hurri- cane Evacuation Plan" which was adopted in June, 1978 and has been updated periodically. A review of'this plan indicates that it is generally adequate for the County's needs. The plan indicated a projected evacuation time of from 6-8 hours, which is adequate within the National Weather Service warning system guidelines. The Hurricane Evacuation Plan involves a number of County and Town of Edenton personnel and local agencies, with varying specific duties and responsibilities. There are eight shelter locations throughout the County, mostly in school facilities. During both the storm threats of 1984 and 1985, people did come to the shel- ters, although there were no required evacuations. However, since there are no "stocked shelters," residents are encouraged to bring food to the shelter site. (See Appendix II.) 85 4. Re -Entry Factors regarding re-entry are also included in the Hurricane Evacuation Plan. Because of the possibility of fallen power lines, or telephone lines, re-entry will be closely coordinated with the appropriate private utility companies. The Chowan County Plan has been reviewed by the North Carolina Division of Emergency Management and meets the agency's approval. The evacuation plan will be incorporated into the Land Use Plan by reference. M. LJ 1 SECTION III Land Classification System 1 I i 1 1 It ISECTION III: LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM The land classification system provides a uniform way of looking at how the planned use of land interacts with environmen- tally sensitive -areas and with the development of a County or Town. It is not a strict regulatory device in the sense of a zoning ordinance or zoning map. It represents more of a tool to understand relationships between various land use categories and how these relationships help shape local policy. Particular attention is focused on how intensely land is utilized and the level of services required to support that intensity. Land classification is also useful in the staging of services necessary to support development. The regulations for the Coastal Area Management Act state: "The land classification system provides a framework to be used by local governments to identify the future use of all lands. The designation of land classes allows the local government to illustrate their policy statements as to where and to what density they want growth to occur, and where they want to conserve natural and cultural resources by guiding growth." (7B.0204) (b) There are five general land use classifications under CAMA: Developed; Transition; Community; Rural; and Conservation. In applying the land classification system, each local government should give careful consideration to how, where and when certain types of, and intensity of "development," will be either encourag- ed or discouraged. A brief summary of the five broad classifica- tions, as contained in the CAMA rules, might illustrate this. For example: "Urban land uses and higher intensity uses which presently require the traditional urban services should be directed to lands classified developed. Areas developing or anticipated to develop at urban densities which will eventually require urban services should be directed to lands classified transi- tion. Low density development in settlements which will not require sewer services should be directed to areas classified as community. Agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction and other similar low intensity uses and very low density, dis- persed residential uses should be directed to lands classi- fied rural. Generally, public or private water or sewer systems will not be provided in areas classified rural as an incentive for intense development." (7B.0204)_(c) The purpose of the conservation class is to "provide for the effective long-term management and protection of significant, limited, or irreplaceable areas." Consequently, urban services (whether public or private) should not be provided to those areas as an incentive to "stimulate" more intense development. Each of these classes must be represented on a Land Classification Map. 87 The five land classifications and Land Classification Map are therefore intended to serve as a visual reflection of the policies previously stated in Section II. Ideally, the map which depicts these classifications should be as flexible as the policies that guide them. (See Map 10, attached, Land Classification Map) The five land use classifications, as they will be applied in Chowan County, are identified and defined below. A. DEVELOPED The developed class of land use provides for continued inten- sive development and redevelopment of existing cities or munici- palities. Areas to be classified as "developed" include lands currently developed for urban purposes or approaching a density of 500 dwellings per square mile that are provided with usual munici- pal or public services, police and fire protection. In other words, such areas must currently be "urban" in character, i.e. have mixed land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial and institutional, or other uses at high to medium densities. In Chowan County, the major area meeting this criteria is the Town of Edenton. Edenton provides all of the usual municipal services as well as water and sewer. In fact, the only municipal sewer service in the County is located in Edenton. However, the Chowan County water system serves most of the County, including several areas outside of Edenton which are at, or approaching, "urban" densities, but still not yet "developed." B. TRANSITION Transition land is classified as those lands providing for future intensive urban development within the ensuing ten years on lands that are most suitable and that will be scheduled for provi- sion of necessary urban utilities and services (whether from pub- lic or private sources). They may also provide for additional growth when additional lands in the developed class are not avail- able or when they are severely limited for development. Lands classified "transition" may include: ° lands currently having urban services; ° lands necessary to accommodate the population and econo- mic growth anticipated within the planning jurisdiction over the next five to ten years; ° areas which are in, or will be in, a "transition" state of development, i.e. going from a lower intensity to a I i 1 I I h, 1 �J higher intensity, of uses and will eventually require urban services. Transition lands must further: be served or be readily served by water, sewer, and other urban services including streets, and be generally free of severe physical limitations for urban development. The "transition" class should not include: ° lands of high potential for agriculture, forestry, or mineral extraction, or land falling within extensive rural areas being managed commercially for these uses, when other lands are available; ° lands where urban development might result in major or irreversible damage to important environmental, scienti- fic, or scenic values, or; ° land where urban development might result in damage to natural systems or processes of more than local concern; and ° lands where development will result in undue risk to life or property from natural hazards or existing land uses. The areas to be classified as "transition" in Chowan County include some areas immediately adjacent to the Town of Edenton which currently receive County water and have the best possibility of being served by the Town of Edenton's sewer service. This area extends along US 17 Business, both to the south of the Town, i.e., Riverton, and to the north, to the Pine Grove Terrace area. How- ever, another substantial area which is not immediately adjacent to Edenton, but which has been developing and will likely con- tinue, and should also come under this classification, is the Cape Colony -Country Club area. This should also include the general vicinity around the Edenton Municipal Airport, excluding the Airport property itself, since it is owned by the Town of Edenton, and outside of the County's jurisdiction. Currently, this area has central water from the County water system. If Edenton ever changes its policy on sewer extensions beyond the Town limits, and funds become available and it is economically feasible, the County would like to see sewer service provided -to this area. The land use analysis showed that there were "generally" suitable soils for development in this area, as well as being outside of the high - hazard flood areas. The relationship between the "developed and transition" clas- sification is important in predominantly rural counties like Chowan. The first class is meant to define the already developed areas and/or those areas where public investment decisions will be required to provide the necessary urban services. These become fl important areas to closely monitor. The Coastal Resources Commis- sion has further clarified this relationship as described below: The Developed and Transition classes should be the only lands under active consideration by the County or municipality for intensive urban development requiring urban services. The area within these classes is where detailed local land use and public investment planning will occur. State and Federal expenditures on projects associated with urban development (water, sewer, urban street systems, etc.) will be guided to these areas. Large amounts of vacant land suitable for urban development within the Developed class should be taken into account when calculating the amount of additional lands needed to accommodate projected growth. C. COMMUNITY The purpose of the community class is to provide for clustered, mixed land uses at low densities to help meet the housing, shopping, employment, and other needs in rural areas. Areas meeting the intent of the community class are presently developed at low densities which are suitable for private septic tank use. These areas are clustered residential and/or commercial land uses which provide both low intensity shopping and housing opportunities, and provide a local social sense of "community." Very limited municipal -type services, such as fire protection and community water, may be available, but municipal -type sewer sys- tems are not to be provided as a catalyst for future development. In some unusual cases, sewer systems may be possible, but only to correct an existing or projected public health hazard. Areas developed at low density in a cluster meet the intent of the com- munity class if they exhibit characteristics, such as: ° densities of less than 500 dwellings per square mile, or ° few residential development densities which meet or exceed three dwellings per acre, or ° residential lot sizes of 15,000 square feet or greater, and/or ° low population densities such as 640 persons per square mile (one person per acre) This is an important classification in Chowan County, since most of the County's population not residing in the areas classi- fied previously as either "Developed" or "Transition," live in such clusters. There are no other incorporated municipalities in Chowan County, other than Edenton, but many small communities are located along the primary roads in the County. Areas classified as "Community" include: Macedonia, Valhalla, Rockyhock, Smalls Crossroads, the Center Hill area, and the area west of Gliden along 132 north to the Gates County line. Also, the waterfront developing areas of Arrowhead Beach and the Chowan Beach area should also be considered "Community." All of these areas cur- rently are serviced by the County water system. 90 ID. RURAL The purpose of the rural class is to provide for agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction, and various other low intensity uses on large sites, -including low density dispersed residential uses where urban services are not and will not be required. Any devel- opment in this class should be compatible with resource production and should not significantly impair or permanently alter natural resources. Areas meeting the intent of this classification are appropriate for or presently used for agriculture, forestry, min- eral extraction, and similar allied uses. Very low density dis- persed, single-family residential uses are also appropriate within rural areas where lot sizes are large and where densities do not require the provision of urban -type services. Private septic tanks and wells are the primary on -site services available to support residential development, but fire, rescue squad, and sher- iff protection may also be available. Population densities may be very low, possibly less than one person per acre. The majority of land within Chowan County falls within the "Rural" classification. This classification is very important in Chowan County, because of the economic importance of agriculture and forestry activities. E. CONSERVATION The final land use category, according to CAMA guidelines, is the "Conservation" class, which provides for effective long-term management of significant, limited, or irreplaceable resources, specifically, and at minimum, all of the statutorily defined AECs. However, beyond the presence of AECs, other areas within the County, because of natural, cultural, recreational, productive, or scenic value, may also require similar "effective long-term man- agement." Examples could include major wetlands (other -than sta- tutorily defined coastal wetlands); essentially undeveloped shore- lines that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for development; lands that provide necessary habitat conditions (especially for remnant species); pocosins; or publicly owned water supply water- sheds and acquifers. The designation "Conservation" should not be misconstrued to imply "non-use," but does imply a need for careful and cautious management of any allowable use. For example, within a "conserva- tion" area, there may be high ground areas which are suitable for "development," in which case development should be allowed to take place under carefully managed conditions. The term "preserva- tion," on the other hand, implies total restriction on all uses. Within lands designated Conservation, each proposal, or applica- tion for any "developed" use should be reviewed on a case by case basis. Other than the statutorily -defined Areas of Environmental Concern, there are not many additional areas of Chowan County that have special features conducive to being placed in the Conserva- 91 tion classification. The overall premise for the designation "Conservation" in Chowan County will be to strike the delicate balance between careful long-term management of sensitive or valu- able resources and the freedom of landowners to utilize their properties. Therefore, in Chowan County, the environmentally sensitive areas identified as Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs), i.e., Estuarine Waters, Estuarine Shorelines, and Public Trust Areas are classified as "Conservation." There are no significant coastal wetlands, or "salt marshes" in Chowan County. However, outside of these Areas of Environmental Concern, the primary designation of "Conservation" areas in Chowan County will be for the purpose of sustaining shoreline stability, protecting water quality, along the County's estuarine waterways, and protecting certain wooded swamp areas from the encroachment of improper development, such as the area on either side of the U.S. 17 Bridge in the southwest portion of the County. (See attached Land Classification Map, Map 10.) Since, as stated previously, "Conservation" does not imply "Preservation," specific allowable uses in the Conservation class shall include: Drainage: Adequate drainage is essential to the economic vitality of Chowan County; therefore, drainage facilities over and through these areas, but not with the intent of draining the Conservation areas for "developed" purposes, will be allowed. Such facilities may include diking, tiling, and piping systems. Low density residential development if and as allowed by the County Health Department and not opposed by the U. S. Soil Conservation Service. However, water and/or sewer services will not be extended to such a residential area merely to stimulate additional growth and development. On -site sewer services will be required and must be feasible. Water -oriented uses such as piers, docks, and marinas, if they are shown not to cause detriment to the estuarine waters or the Conservation lands. Necessary utility service lines, such as water, sewer, electrical, natural gas, etc., when it is demonstrated that the ecological system of the Conservation estuarine area will not be significantly altered. (As noted in Item 2 above, development of and/or extension of neces- sary utilities and services will not be done merely as a stimulus for additional growth and development, only to the extent needed). r 92 1 I ° Roadways, when construction of roadways can be conducted without significantly altering the ecological system, and in compliance with existing federal, state, and local regulations. ° Timber harvesting with approved management practices. ° Barge landings. ° Marinas (upon careful determination that substantial pollution will not occur). In conjunction with the Policy Statements section of this Plan, each application for a "developed" use in the Conservation classification, shall be brought before the County Planning Board and reviewed on a case -by -case basis, with possible technical advice from the County Health Department, Building Inspector, CAMA Permit Officer, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, and possibly other specialists, prior to approval. The County Planning Board may recommend modification of the Proposal. F. LAND CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY The proposed classification of land for varying levels of intensity and provision of public services in Chowan County were presented in parts A through E, above. These classifications relate directly to the "policy statements" contained in Section II of this Plan. Additional information on the relationship between the land classification system and policies will be presented in the following Section IV. 93 t 1 1 1 f 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r SECTION IV: Relationship Of Policies And Land Classification System ISECTION IV: RELATIONSHIP OF POLICIES AND LAND CLASSIFICATIONS As required by the Coastal Area Management Act, the land use plan must relate the policies section to the land classification map and provide some indication as to which land uses are appro- priate in each class. A. DEVELOPED AND TRANSITION CLASSES As mentioned in the discussion of existing conditions, most of the County's growth will occur in and around currently developed and developing areas. These are areas where basic services such as water and community support services are available or might be feasible within the planning period. The developed and transition classes were specifically designated to accommodate these more intensively developed areas and land uses, including residential, commercial, industrial parks and open space, community facilities and transportation. Hazardous or offensive uses such as land application systems, power plants, and bulk chemical storage facilities will be located away from these classes. B. COMMUNITY CLASS Intensive development will not be encouraged in this class due to the lack of urban services and/or physical limitations. The general range of acceptable uses are limited to residences, isolated general and convenience stores and churches, and other public facilities. These areas are usually found at crossroads within the "rural" classification. Most of these areas are cur- rently served by the County water system, and because of the low - density development, do not require centralized sewage collection and disposal. C. RURAL CLASS The rural class is the broadest of the land classes and is designated to provide for agriculture, forest management, mineral �i extraction and other low intensity uses. Residences may be locat- ed within the rural class where urban services, other than the County water system, are not required and where natural resources will not be permanently impaired. Some large developments may be encouraged in the rural class when there -is an absence of other- wise suitable land within the development and transition classes and/or when there is a possible threat to the urban populace. Such large developments or uses include airports, land application sewer systems, and power plants. The County also reserves the privilege of allowing specific types of industrial development in the rural areas if in the opinion of the government there will be no harmful or adverse effects from such a location. 1 94 D. CONSERVATION CLASS 1 The conservation class is designated to provide for effective long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas which include Areas of Environmental Concern (undeveloped shore- lines that are unique, fragile, or hazardous for development), and publicly owned gamelands and parks and cultural and historical sites. Development in the estuarine system should be restricted to such uses as piers, bulkheads, marinas, and other water -depen- dent uses. Policy Statements under Resource Protection, and Resource Production and Management in Section II of this plan address the County's intentions under this class. Also, a more detailed discussion of the Conservation classification, along with permissible uses, is included in the preceding Section III. I 1 1 1 95 I I I I I SECTION V; IM7ERGOVERNMENTAL. COOAUINAi'IOPf: ISECTION V: INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION r F-I J I I Throughout the development of this Plan, effort was made to make the policies consistent and compatible with other local, State, and Federal requirements. At various stages during the Plan's development process, contact was made with the Town of Edenton in order to coordinate certain policy issues. Implementa- tion of the Plan will likewise follow the same intergovernmental concern. 96 W U H C] z w a a 4 ow aw so Ow W I" an all ow aw ow " 90 m go Jim ow APPENDIX A CHOWAN COUNTY PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PLAN FOR THE 1985-86 CAMA LAND USE PLAN UPDATE I. Introduction Chowan County, in compliance with requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act, is preparing an update to its Land Development Plan. The purpose of this updated plan is to generally re -assess growth and development trends of the County in relation to the capacity of community facilities and development constraints. Issues affecting the County's policies on growth and development will also be closely reviewed during this plan updat- ing process. A significant aspect of the plan updating process is the involvement of the County's citizenry. This Public Participation Plan will outline the means by which the County will foster and encourage such participation throughout the planning process. ■ II. Public Participation Plan Public involvement in the 1985-86 Land Use Plan Update will be generated primarily through meetings with the Chowan County Planning Board. This Board is composed of seven (7) local resi- dents. Also, general "public Information" meetings will be held to present and discuss issues before the general public. All such meetings will be publicized through advertisements in local news- papers and posting of public notices. Presentations will also be made before the Chowan County Board of Commissioners and some "joint" work sessions with both boards may be conducted. It should be noted that both the Planning Board and the Board of Commissioners meetings are open to the public. III. Preliminary Meeting Schedule e g e e The initial preliminary schedule of meetings is as follows: A. Meeting with the Planning Board to review preliminary development issues, November 12, 1985. B. Public information meeting with citizens, November 20, 1985. C. Meeting with the County Board of Commissioners to review preliminary issues, November 5, 1985. Other meetings/work sessions will be scheduled and appropri- ately publicized throughout the land use plan update process. The above schedule is presented as being preliminary. APPENDIX A, cont'd I I } t ; ; O PUBLIC INFORMATION MEETING _1986 CAMA LAID USE PLAN! UPDATE .-THE CHOWAN_COUNTY.BOARD.OF COMMISSIONERS WILL. CONDUCT A PUBLIC_. INFORMATION MEETING .ON _WEDNESDAY JAN A Y 29, 1986, AT 7•00 P. M. . AT _THE COMMISSIONERS'_ MEETING ROOM,COUNTY COURTHOUSE, EDENTON,.... _ N.C.,. TO DISCUSS .THE UPDATE OF..THE CHOWAN COUNTY 1986 CAMA LAND USE PLAN, THE COUNTY PLANNING BOARD AND PLANNING CONSULTANT WILL._ BE. IN. ATTENDANCE AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND POLICIES CONCERNING___..__ - THIS UPDATE WILL BE DISCUSSED..._ _.ALL.INTERESTED.CITIZENS ARE URGED TO ATTEND. THIS. MEETING FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT THE COUNTY MANAGER'S OFFICE IN EDENTON........ _. MR. ALTON ELMORE CHAIRMAN CHOWAM COUNTY BOARD Of COMMISSIONERS_ APPEND II SUPPLEMENT TO CHOWAN COUNTY HURRICANE EVACUATION PLAN Developed by the Chowan County Civil Freparedntae Adeney in Conjunction with the North Carolina Division of Civil Preparedness Hurricane Safety Rules Hw R.m dw,«w vent help Ym ux tom nN ... but You min W. ielbw Mw rl•ry rule, drrr,m huerR•m •m•rpmx: 1 Em".xn Nrnx•m rant, prmwwl ErerY Jim Mmegn Nwwnhw, -lei, y lu 11 of be -Id, ells Wtlnrs. mrre.rrNor lopes, ar,a ,el otn« egummem You ill roved wrwn • nurrw+ne tuwx Vorx town. wr wNimry. Inlet I« mx,VMir very 7. Wlrm You Mw the Ixtt ,rmsd stn•m p u.1 ; . W.W. Ym to, hurr[rw emergem, _1,l ..... .dram[ d M• l •r[e of w,iMef andd 0 WMn your Ill covwedbr+lsrrrw•mw•rM, mullet[ mrmal Ktnnw,. butnwtumd mango' e.n " "1 N.mn" e xrNe WS.drrnrrf. Rememelr, • m m wrbl, d,mer wnnd 24 lan:dlh..aogw mnwrban,. nunp+m wwm,gwIt t mW. Mo he,, kxp •�. 19mraruumpe a, WbnYmlrel lw.nx•Mrrr[.m rwr,irq: R,. 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G,rb•ge elm, garden tool, tov,, vgnf. mM tnrnitwe. •N a comber of ether hermlw neml become mmdn of dswc,im in mrnc+ne »icon And,p Mem d More 1— m,de bawd IN, florin 1, St.. d, w•tx N clean WMtub. loot. betnn, n. and ceokirg unaf: ymr towns wlmr wept mar b em —INJ by Ilemmq « damaged by hurncane floods. HIT Deweree eoNpnerrl Your may b your only Ii1nk wish end wdld Mf 1d0 N.— n •ro wmrwnp coelrrq rxnnRL lrglrq sin nxnlrpn w n b nsmbd n u, t n �eE+, Kwn v w Meted. Serace frpom m.Y be inoperable f« wrer11 del,+In, the 11--ikes. due to - floeo�ng w,n,enuptee et,ctncd power. ' lrenre d 0 n nurdY aril on hqh g,oum: it it is rot, mwa m . dmgmwtl ,Mhw, veil 11•Y me.e umn npm IN. n ww. Remen .meth du,.g the nupR•m. T,•rd is x 1w,r11 d+rg.roul wiry, winds me ten a• wMmim IMoogh roof r,a. Mmrt« 1M storm f milt qn lhm h Natq 1 W,wnw Sewiel advisories • BEWARE THE EYE OF THE HURRICANE ' 77 N tM Wm srorm eRew tw.w dinc'fr dnrM,d, d,.r. Ma Ito Sea N the Wkid Wbnf nowt s Iw — m "I .. haw Re 1„or S., N • .1. oi•e. 1wl.r •r. n.'m mat. art [bolo Wy'HoRRHY. this —OtSH. w ,h, .,M tide.1 d,• ara, tb .d. a,w I.pldh ba hw— f—rd &vein I1etR or epm.r a.r.cne.. V 5. wMn the rwn[.m ran Dewed. . Se k mge,lwY coed p,l fare a, pM Cross d1W 11 nalgm or noprtah. $lN out of Ural," anL Un w you «e mddwd ro Mlp, You, Prx•rca might hwnow filled ova repo• rdk 0�gl,l all a 4 m•r b um«mrmd as mry minpr umw ,M of hex. SIOeA, a N _1111, a hL. A— Imr or d+rg rq wxx, alto report Mem xn~-RWIr m you, mover eomo•ny w tM mwxt Iwr mlorcw,rrr, oOcw .�r Relmn b.elm.ew« or w.Iw max" m tM wow dmnmmL Prw•nt tr Loww.d wale, ­M may mA, fin IghONd Ilimn. _ Cb•e, rtlrgwatd lend for _.1,p a power hot bwn oN d.,.N IM npm. R_ inn nunrcam. Mrvq arlW tan ewrw w.•r• f_m . SW aw.y f— hive bMf •m nrwnl .ra krow pNrr wxa,ron. T«vmx TO— by h,,,, , w. rrom Me norm,' word kid", WMn • hurrelm —I'— hum .. a,mdo walchx W wwmms. A tornado ».,cn me+m lorn•m•, r• txo,[lee to."woo A torme0 MInM rmmenrn"rI www+b,v baw ermrro lw. w a tO—* t,tcK« w while rm a w+•r Isom u pwnn•.gut rgie. it tn«•nrotnv ro,s I.* tiltrn IMm— dWp 0,W,hw.dxcnwrwrm , Safe BOatind Precaution/ t, weed wq hove •xp.e, b N.hp,d we.Mx sps• w•mr,y. Bern ale .mne•.w nP blp. upm ud wrweL 7. 7,r belt, knit& b rwnored I— M rnw.m nw.e 3. Outol we• bean dart uqurr. am prm onx•oN .m mr»•nxm, loutgn I« Yt,.mmrq• p mlmw qc•I m.n rO a al. wcmreq• rx. a. S,le rsmr 1rmN, Myra mmnl el r,er «pod Ir mp1 vertu .... twgtn rq .11ew 0 .14 wb- ,wive ism^ Iw m.�n au 5 II pulpy m n Monw,cmr rn amp inn bew 1 m, ,mwauMv ,red nqn to pel « pury on w«w w aew ma Ip .nrg we..rya lM .l«ro »• 1 •rsr,pa Io noo.f eo+n N IN, group Noma • N M tN mr w mwf .ra 11 m u,rrg pro,"ore Wmp«, of I.roer, ellreen. Jul . irmwpl 1plenlrmomt rry,dp .hcootl. p�mdl.wr, ... g ,wfro•mw In.nrrwn,wrg M grove .geomervm n,oNsmetitx«• prroralwrnt waOert [inmn mwr.eworo,rMdu.Mbcmr.b lua,e bn tmn to 1.11 11. fi. oom; twmor.lr to bww,lw.drrq Idxon..b.wh of c•puP W.. rn thm11..r,clor.p. Br W • tha, . NN... ons.p «own of exu,ed inns w m.d w.dwr for rt• arw,ry men ww,ro veld wcmr•p b•vom tin Ixp bon,.rcmrb, f. Set, w,eNq bellMuloel trd hqh, ulrm a hall hrlch krol lgopkron dPl. Rood HNtb ti vW el sulltrM ,. Iw. c«• el xcwN. hqh (BP CHOWAN COUNTY CIVIL PREPAREDNESS AGENCY w0 ,• r00 NOT[L em.cre. cr [p[wrON. NORTHH C^R CAROLiNAINA TO ALL RESIDENTS DF cHONAN COUNTY In Carolinacoreof a ChowanhCountane approaching the toast your of North know what to do and where �t0 go you a nd o survivetheyhigh Mneed ds to water and disastrous effects thy severe could be caused b weather condittons in our area. The advice contained 1n this newsp part of the official Hurricane Evacuation aper Supplement is a Plan for Chowan County. This Plan has been prepared at the request of, and approved by, the Chowan County Board of Commissioners, and the Mayor of Edenton. Participating in the preparation of andstheallorthwereCarolinathe wDepartmean ntcof CivilPreparedness ControlzanCePuD- tic Safety - Division of Civil Preparedness. This newspaper supplement will give tll residents of cane n County their best chance of survival should a hurri- cane strike. we urge all citizens to carefully study the contents of this Plan and keep it 1n a safe place where 1t can be readily fnund, Addi Lion&' in' ormatf on can be seturcd from the ehowen County Civil Preparedness Agency, County Office Building, East King Street, Edenton, North Carolina - Telephone Number 482-3171. C. A. Phillips, Chairman Chowan County Boord of Commissioners Hurricane Pacts Tht .rein. hie of a RlRrwwq b 9 d+ys Tb. [ew.p a lm 1. d huleawr. 4"OR" In [Yaw Y 1— and d. rNRH, - mn,bar hot bin 11. - t- ,Yx,6 d 190 MM haw 41p flbwlr.d N I.1rNear,a. Itrwtd. N 10a91: _ • � . . S,e,w rids w. dr Ikam ions krw, not tN, iNL Cemaar: a bba.1 wW ere IRua, k% 121w, dap veil a,a eNM w,d n • brtwn. cot rr.Ip,b,a ma. Nan 20 Rtlil s w.rt bdd,r w nil pal d tM rdw IN- al .,s.1 .d. «kb"n T.rp,Jew— aoo0 pop'. fps, frw n..1 Ml.t1 a Ixwrwar N, MT[.w rem N W.kg Im wo..f smm+ m C-�W. In 1960. old, 256 0— 1loerevw, move shin t00.rw«4 A RR., a hplrr lewd. I, has W, sdlrurlr ..bn,.,.d dial wfn,.,wg wNea 60,000 It.- _ T.-.6-w.. pn d 9. W. lent by d k—d. ' Or. ,kw eawlYg .Mt, bf . Mrwrrs a.+d a ab.K .w.Rdt N sp.stY .t .Ind, in M. Nm,L RN.*q f fA pr.ww..weal by the be.*- ...ir.• M Nov mow, mtv 1p.000 pow WaPt,n febL - . /A.riwr dr,1.p Y .Met N M Iserdl.w[ yabaM d M amlR -. .• wa+dna a,.w ova IR b M u9ora.� ,.veep: TM &wisp .rls whys to_." i•ldld 21 be— M a*- Y:.•r M milt rdr Is. Fs . 1?Rd.a 1•rd,il p.dttNl M pw.61 I.ew w N iw. WrrdM Il.w.wlrM eww •�•IR - 200fWwd0waaw 9fi w a-" r.w d. NOR, inlPRW-dwl nor I. N.rwalr,.aamt •> T- ,'- - 1. Ktmw tit deawlwl d rrw a.t WW .bp. Ryan RR — kS 1 Nov.. It..r...R1 — pl r ' � 1 l..ww N.www awp hwsr bT.+r rsl►, y i ,. � T �... • Tpw d+wdd YM ..ps.l la,!e•W a ht hit Rpf . hw.w,w - .•. , ; • c 4-" L ►.AIIYd a..r, t,lpald .o.wsmimew% tm #S c tY, w,ori. baked W veil a.wfoRwit „el•th'a . I,11del.,.t.a ,M. alerwl to 11,pNA, � . �. pwOd pretlw.l _ 1 r. / WJRRKAM MAMKS SIVA A NIJRRICARE MAT TIMEATM AR AREA 111THM 34 MOt— • j f iRR101WAIM WA11111611110E MEAN A HURRICANE It RJPWM TO ELRIK9M—A-1111!10U11R•; .w Huzricaae Shelters sWlzltu Bvl[alac Ahm Wn/a®E■ L/ TION 461 National Guerd 11-17 Wr. Broad street zdsoteo, Wrth Cero1Le 27932 ®2 John A. Wlma N19h School Iloodaid 6treet Edenton. Wt. Carolina 27932 03 D. P. Waller School North Oatua Street - rdantoor North CarolLla 27932 04 zrnest A. Sw J A Elemeotuy School Court Street Edspton. North Car U- 27932 ®S CLoean.Nigh School N.C. htigbway W. 32 - North Type[. Wrth Carolina 27980 ®6 - White Oak Elas—taty School County Road No. 1226 (1/2 pile west Of Tyner: North Carolina - NC High- -7 32 - Wrth( 27980 ®7 Jaycaa Bui14la9 County Poed 1119 (Sde tea Nuolclpal ALyoct)zdanboo, North Caralim 27932. ®0 Arrit•-^ la9Lm Dulidlpy (zd Bond Poet P t0) O.S. NSghlrap 17 -Sou. Edsntoo, With Carolina 27932 Instructions for Evacuees w n.e roar I«r ,«..wrr.e, r.rrr....wrron, A«, c.lm, qa tone.. nn.r. n«,d«x p.omxw: W. lnr.l elt m,m a.f..+. ,nd w,n ma.n tower lwncn pelor, rc.rro npm,. 7. dNa m x o•.,trcd D E.o n P r ,. u,ry m r. co a• o Urr.e ur l2, mNrucl, II on Iqw, Dr«eN ,enrre,rxl bet�ro na bn'jrvl eo«d oufrwuNe l,•, w II G cn� ged.ro 3. TN, only cloln,p to meJbrn In„ n rwcxtxY. de rol Wry t0 brrq Mufebld qu•p mmr. E.+cualq n.n wnr De w cb to p e.mt Ipol•ry . Follow rmnr«eom of Melrcr perfoeeel, and vdunleer to n,lp wrM ,nY Inkf n,eded 1« ,Il,c•q, Mrlrcr eper,pon. S 8emam ,t Me 1nr11.1 unnl IM-d 11.1 You a Pool, wrll not b elow,d tack mho «N —d N„f ema .d.rud [r on,dr wmc,now«em.nt Q—tio,e sbould be dlr,eted to the Ch— County Civil. Pr,per,dn,ea Coo[dinator, Poop 100, Wtal Joseph Nev,e. Edenton. or. —li— 77932 (Phone, 919/482-3111) a 1- RNING AND ALERTING - FLOW CHART 1�0a (ORGII,ATES) \ 1'/L'!i'1'I1L'I\iY ltti, 71LUBSCRIBERS PMUCIPAL CIVIL PREPAPM-DIMSS STATE 41ARIT IlIG COORDINATOR ` 4lAFtilIllG Poi"T POIIIT ( POLICE \ hiUdICIPAL (Slip) DEPT .) WARNING NOTE 1 '. SYSTEH ALERTS ROTE 2 - Chm. , County Board of STATE Commissioners LOC AREA - Sheriff P U B L I C (RALEIGH) COORDIl-ATORS - Supt. of Schools - Director of Social Service ALERTS ALERTS ALERTS - Director of County Health Department ATTMUTION: - State - Local CP Co- - CP Coordi- - County Fire Marshall Officals ordinators in nator - County Rescue Sqd. Each Primary Momber & D^pt. all affected - Chief of Representative of Control and - American & adjacent Police - County Red Cross Support Groups will I'lational counties' - Mavor Representative alert their o,•m Red Cross - Other Department first and second - Federal Heads or Necessary alternates. Agencies Personnel. (I'd. C. Agencies) NOTES: 1. Warnings relayed by PIN. Where no terminal, passed on by phone/radio from nearest terminal by agrQenment, 2. County & municipal warning systems disseminate warnings* to public by radio/tv bulletins, newspaper extras, hard bills, signs, loud speaker or other aural systems, and door to door. La„ enforcement, a,escue squad -and volunteer organizations used to spread warnings iahen activiated by the Control Group. l ATTACIN�MNT `-J t 1 INCREASED READINESS ACTION CHECK LIST Agency Responsibilities CIVIL PREPAREDNESS COORDINATOR INCREASED - Coordination of plans for all agencies. READINSSS - Overall coordination of operations. ACTION - Submitting reports and operations of EOC. - Conducting tests and exercises. CONDITION 5 1. Update Hurricane Evacuation Plan. 2. Check warning systems and ensure notifica- Beginning of cation rosters are current. Hurricane 3. Release general information to public. Season 4. Conduct exercise to test entire blan.- CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures and alert personnel. 72 Hours Alert 2. Coordinate preparation as necessary. CONDITION 3 1. Partial activation of EOC. 2. Check that key personnel are available and 48 Hours OR advised of situation. 3. Release hurricane proparedness informat -ion. Hurricane Watch 4. Check all communications system. J CONDITION 2 1. Place EOC on 21L hour schedule. 2. Liaison with EOC from all operating 24 Hours OR agencies. 3. All communications operational. Hurricane Warning 1�. Continuous evaluation of information w-f ; !-: j Control Group. 5. Implementation of decisions. CONDITION 1 1. l Gathering a -rid dissemination of information to all agencies. 12 Hours OR LESS 2. Coordination of all operations. EVACUATION 3. Implementation of decisions. CONDITION 0 1. Gathering and dissemination of information. 2. Reports to Area Civil Preparedness Agency. ('LANDFALL" 3. Request for -assistance as required. 1. i Coordination of damage assessment and RE-ENTRY reports. 2. Clean up and recovery. 3. Coordination of re-entry. 1 ATTAMMENT 3 1 C INCREASED READINESS ACTION CHECK LIST Agency Responsibilities SHERIFF 1 1 INCREASED - Direction and control of evacuation and re- entry operations. READINESS - Serves as liaison officer for all law en- forcement agencies within county. ACTION. - Ensure communication between Control. and Support Groups, shelter and traffic%control points. CONDITION 5 1. Check evacuation plan and update personnel roster. Beginning of 2. Check warning and alerting procedures. Hurricane Season CONDITION 1� 1. Provide all weather advisories to.County EOC. 72 Hours Alert 2. Review plans and procedures. CONDITION 3 1. Warning Center notify Control and Support Group members that Hurricane ,latch issued. 48 Hours OR Hurricane Watch CONDITION 2 1. Notify Control and Support Groups that Hurricane Warning issued. 24 Hours OR 2. I•Zobilize personnel. 3. Finalize plans to direct evacuation if HURRICANE WARNING ordered. 4. Assist motorist presently evacuating voluntarily. 5. Representative man EOC. COi,1DITION 1 1. Dispatch vehicles with loudspeaI;ers to areas in which evacuation ordered. 12 Hours OR LESS 2. Patrol evacuated area. 3. Coordinate communications between shelters, EVACUATION checkuoints'and EOC. CONDITION 0 1. Secure evacuated areas as conditions permit. i1LANDFALL11 2. Move stragglers and stay -behinds to best available shelters. 1. Prevent looting. RE-ENTRY 2. Request needed assistance. 3. Control access to evacuated areas. 4. Maintain liaison with other law enforcement agencies. 2 ATTACHI�IC- NT 3 INCREASED READINESS ACTION CHECK LIST r 1 f] 1 Agency Responsibilities DIRECTOR OF SOCIAL SERVICES RTCREASED - Overall shelter operations. READINESS - Provide personnel to assist in operation of ACTION shelters and registration of evacuees. CONDITION 5 1. Update plans and personnel rosters. 2. Conduct refresher training. Beginning of Hurricane Season 'CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures and alert personnel. 72 Hours Alert 2. Coordinate preparations as necessary. CONDITION 3 1. Coordinate with Red Cross to ensure ±;hat shelter requirements will be satisfied. 48 Hours OR Hurricane Watch CONDITIOIT 2 1. Assign personnel to shelters. 2. Coordinate with and assist Red Cross 24 flours OR representative. HURRICANE I1ARNING COITDITION 1 1. Provide personnel to assist with shelter registration. 12 Hours OR LESS 2. Coordinate support of shelter operations. EVACUATION 3. Implementation of decisions. CONDITIOIT 0 1. Continue support of shelter operations. +1LANDFALL f t 1. Continue to assist Red Cross. RE-EITTRY 2. Provide necessary support to disaster victims. 3 ATTACEMENT 3 INCREASED READIIESS ACTION CHECK LIST Agency Responsibilities SUPERII=TDEIIT OF SCHOOLS INCREASED - Provide facilities to be used as shelters. - Provide -personnel to assist in operation READINESS of shelters. - Provide school bus transportation when ACTION requested. .CONDITION 5 1. Ensure that Red Cross Agreements and•plans to operate shelters are current. Beginning Of 2. Update personnel list. Hurricane Season CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures and alert personnel. 72 Hours Alert 2.• Coordinate preparations as necessary. CONDITION 3 1. Male contact with Red Cross on using schools as shelters. 48 Hours OR Hurricane Watch COITDITION 2 1. Close schools, send pupils home if school in session. 24 Hour OR 2. Mobilize personnel and assign_ them to designated shelters with Red Cross. Hurricane Z•Tatch 3. Conduct joint inspection of designated shelters with Red Cross. 4. Re resontative man EOC. CONDITION 1 1. As Red Cross volunteers, assist in operation of shelters. 12 Hours OR LASS EVACUATION COi•IDITION 0 1. Continue shelter operation I'LANDFALLIt RE-EITTRY 1. Operate shelters as required. 2. Phase out shelter operations. 4 ATTACH1,1EIIT 3 i k I 1 11TCREASED READINESS ACTION C=CK LIST Agency Responsibilities COUNTY HEALTH DIR—ECTOR INCREASED - Ensure that health and medical needs are READINESS provided during evacuation, shelter and ACTION re-entry. COITDITIOh 5 1. Inventory shelter emergency supplies. 2. Update personnel list. Beginning of Hurricane Season I CONDITION 1. Review plans and procedures and alert personnel. 72'Hours Alert 2. Coordinate preparations as necessary. CONDITION 3 1. Maintain liaison with EOC. 48 Hours OR Hurricane Watch CONDITION 2 1. Mobilize personnel. 2. Representative man EOC. 24 Hours OR 3. Ensure adequate health personnel in shelters. Hurricane .latch 4. Ensure shelters are maintained in a sanitary condition. 5. Report pertinent health information to officials. CONDITIOId 1 1. Provide health and medical requirements in shelters. 12 hours OR LESS EV GMA ION CONDITION 0 1. Continue shelter operation. 11 LANDFALL 11 .RE-EITTRY 1. Determine any health problems affecting re-entr3T into danaged areas . 5 ATTACHT--ENT 3 f M INCREASED READINESS ACTION CHECK LIST Agency Responsibilities COUNTY FINANCE DIRECTOR INCREASED - Maintain financial data. READII-ESS - Adapt accounting system to provide ACTION emergency expenditure information upon reauest. CONDITION 5 1. Review emergency accounting procedures. Beginning of Hurricane Season CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures. 72 Hours Alert CONDITION 3 1. Contact and remind all Agency Heads to maintain separate hurricane expenditure 48 Hours OR records. Hurricane Watch CONDITION 2 1. Record all expenditures relating to hurricane in separate account. 24 Hours OR HURRICAi-TE Z-TARITING CONDITION 1 12 Hours OR LESS EVACUATION COITDITIO:T 0 1'LAITDFALL1' 1. Provide financial data on emergency RE-ENTRY expenditures to Control Group. 6 ATTACHI•IENT 3 0 u 3 I F1 i INCREASED READINESS ACTION CHLCK LIST Agency Responsibilities COUNTY TAX ASSESSOR INCREASED - Conduct damage assessments. READINESS ACTION CONDITION 5 1. Review and update damage assessment procedures. Beginning of 2. ChecI;/update roster of damage assessment Hurricane Season personnel. CONDITION L� 1. Maintain liaison with County EOC. 72 Hours Alert CONDITION 3 1. Maintain liaison with County EOC. � 1} 8 Hours OR Hurricane Match CONDITION 2 1. Representative man ECC. 24 Hours OR HURRICAITE JARNINiG _ CONDITION 1 12 Hours OR LESS EVACUATION CONDITION 0 I'LANDFALL" 1. Assemble personnel. RE-ENTRY 2. Conduct damage assessment. 3. Furnish damage assessment data to EOC. 4. Revise property records. ATTA CTMENT 10 INCREASED READIiTESS ACTION CHUCK LIST Agency Responsibilities CODUTY FIRE MRSHALL INCREASED - Coordinate fire fighting support throughout the county. READIITESS - Assist Law Enforcement and Rescue upon request. ACTION CONDITION 5 1. Review and update emergency operational procedures. Beginning of Hurricane Season CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures and alert personnel. 72 Hours Alert 2. Coordinate preparations as necessarxr. CONDITION 3 1. Gas up a]_1 vehicles. 2. Chock all equipment. 48 Hours OR Hurricane I -latch CONDITIOiv 2 1. Representative to EOC. 2. Mobilize personnel. 24 Hours OR 3. Render assistance as requested. Hurricane Warning 4. Coordinate fire fighting; activities. CONDITION 1 1. Provide assistance to other agencies as required. 12 Hours OR LESS 2. Dispatch personnel to assigned shelters. EVACUATION CONDITION 0 «LANDRALLrr RE-EIITRY 1. Render assistance as requested. ' 1 8 ATTACHI•=NT 3 0 11 1 1 It I I INCREASED READIIESS ACTION CHECI. LIST Agency Responsibilities CHIEF OF COUNTY RESCUL SQUAD (Other Rescue Officials) INCREASED - Coordinate county rescue/ambulance READINESS operations. ACTION - Provide ambulance service to transport non - ambulatory persons. COITDITIOIT 5 1. Review and update emergency operational procedures Beginning of Hurricane Season CONDITION .4 1. Review plans and procedures and alert personnel. 72 hours Alert 2. Coordinate preparations as necessary.• COIIDITION 3 1. Gas up all vehicles. 2. Check all equipment. 1}8 Hours OR Hurricane Match COITDITION 2 1. Representative to EOC. 2. I•Iobilize personnel. 24 Hours OR 3. Ilove non -ambulatory persons and provide other assistance as recuested. HURRICANE WA.RIdING CONDITION 1 1. Provide assistance to other agencies as reauired. 12 Hours OR LESS 2. Dispatch personnel to assigned shelters. EVACUATION CONDITION 0 n LA1\1DFALL" RE-EITTRY 1. Conduct rescue operations. 2. Inform Control Group of personnel and equipment needs. 9 ATTACII•TE� f T INCREASED READIIESS ACTION Cl rCK LIST Agency Responsibilities AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS CHOI-IAN COUNTY CHAPTER INCREASED - Operate designated Red Cross shelters. READINESS - Provide other Red Cross assistance. ACTION CONDITION 5 1. Ensure shelter agreements and plans.to operate shelters are current. Beginning of 2. Conduct training for shelter management Hurricane personnel. Season CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures. Alert personnel.. 72 Hours Alert 2. Coordinato preparations as necessary._ COI•TDITION 3 1. Mobilizo personnel. 2. Designate and assign personnel to specific 48 Hours OR _shelters. Hurricane Watch CONDITION 2 1. Brief shelter managers. 2. Conduct joint inventory of shelters with 24 Hours OR school and other personnel. 3. Representative man EOC. HURRICAITE WARNING 4- Upon EOC direction, open and operate. shelters. 5. Keen EOC informed of shelter situation. COI3DITIOIT 1 1. Maintain liaison with EOC. 2. Keep EOC informed of shelter situation. 12 Hours OR LESS EVACUATION CONDITION 0 1. Keep EOC informed of shelter situation. fILANDFALL11 RE-EITTRY 1. Operate shelters as long as necessary. 2. Render assistance to needy persons. 10 ATTA CHI,TEITT� �, C C V N T r ■ 1 •oo,000' s t E NOTE MA► WQUDES ONLY STATE MAReTARNID ROADS G r OR 1M►ORTANT NON -SYSTEM ROADS. MR.EAGE NOT SHOWN ON FROWAGE ROADS, ROADS SHOWN AS Of IAN. 1, Iris. 9 Amppe • �i: • • • .•::• • • , , • �� .:i • • it • • COUNTr \ '•• ' ` • R••. • •1 - • W • ,• •. ••, ••• , • ,•� •• /) .� • • " • • • •� • o Coder HIS 1 . •: • •• o •. .•: I •o .• R•WMd` , . • •. •. , ' . • • • w o UL • • i:,, MILL • • �• • • • • • • ,- • „ • •y • • POAO • • • i•. • �7 • •� . • • is •. • ..• • • •�. 1 • . . • • • �• •. 4Lo IL 0 .. i 00 CHOWAN COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA IMn•MC •t M = NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT Of TRANSPORTATION DIVISION Of HIGHWAYS—►IANNWG AND USEARCH KANCH •• COONR••ON WON M U.S. DWARTMEW Of TRANS/OR'WON KMAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION O U MAP 3 EXISTING LAND USES RESIDENTAL COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONAL ` • •' AGRICULTURAL 84 FORESTS 1� •, •... •• • • • ^ • ••••�• �, • •• •• �.• M'. M • ion • • `��� •, I • • • • • • • • • _ • • • •tso 0 •• • • • •• • • • • ! • • • • �sI••••• ` • ••• ,V� YEOPI • r; • • • • • •• �• 00 • . • • y • • . • ,• •• •. . c. •..' • . , • • , ••• C .•i .• • Rover •••• • • •• • ••. • t `•. f • • •• • • ' .10 ' \Smdv time� so / A L •� ,ram 'IYi+ pra0iration of this map wag /I/ Lin•need ,n port throuen a %rant providro t+v the north Carolina C�ype=tlq Nanaaemo,Mt ProOram, tnrouge t Una, provided by the --vim, - — - •. coastal 2oar Mansoomment Act of _ -� _ g I U 1972. ws aaendee, which is O '� - P Administereo o? tnr Office of �� \ _ J ! L - Ocean Ann Coastal Resource H- - - � anno.nent, sitiocai oceanic and r N A Un•senerie Aamt nl at[;iron. /1\ o KAM � W A G t t • -1 S i. • NSA R u I MRR � U . V.—I r C V N T y E ' CHOWAN COUNTY More, aw evauoes Dear sTAs wwrAeveD ROAOA G � I � ,,,) MA wrIF NOT Na+•srsTtM FRONTAGE MNiAGE NOT SHOWN ON FaOMAG! •GADS. I ~ NORTH CAROLINA ROADS SHOWN AS Or AK 1, IM/. 4 Z NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT Of TRANSPIWATI(M — �`— ' •ny r DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS —PLANNING AND RESEARCH SRANCM 4 ' US. DEPARTMENT OF iWiN$PORIATKk1 ♦ -Z. isc FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION I� • `i • r 1, r fr - 4• - .0 f ,i rj /. � � S e /w o? o 0 /• -01 / i.T / The o[doa[ation o[ thl5 mao vas fine ncea in part tnrvuon a arant 10000, provided nv the Barth i.Arolina / CoaStai Manaabment Pr oc ram. through tunas orov)dad by the Coastal 'onq Manaae'n•nc Act of 19;2, ss amenden, which at adls inistereo Dy the Office of I Ocean and Cc&S t]: 40sour Ce M•naaement, %)t)onal Oceanic and ; Atmosoner)c Aam)nistration. ICA►I 1 a 1 > > .tree a as I Ile eCALI POS IPSASOWINTi MAP 6 EXISTING GENERAL LAND USES HIGH FLOOD HAZARD AREAS ® HIGH FLOOD HAZARD AREAS �••.... RESIDENTAL COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONAL i USES W COU is 05 Nrr 1 N-1 S•�w« ) I !r -1--ee". N 2 A I I � N v R' F C 0 I 0 N W A : N I N G I I i I / - 1 a HOT- MO Ir CLLIM ONLY STAT/ MAINTAMrY ROAD6 OR WPOETANr NOF►SYSTRM ROADS. MILEAGE NOT SHOWN ON FRONTAGE ROADS. ROADS SHOWN AS OF AN. 1• 19•4. 0 • l,• II It CHOWAN COUNTY .. NORTH CAROLINA rairueo sr "a 2 NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS —PLANING AND RESEARCH BRANCH N COOMAIgl Wml Ile U S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMIF•STRATION O U MAP 8 EXISTING GENERAL LAND USES GENERAL SOILS -LIMITATIONS FOR SEPTIC TANKS I*11NI•• •,)I• • •• i• •' '• . ! `tlf ' :: • • • • • RESIDENTAI ® SEVERE LIMITATIONS • •f. • • COMMERCIAL MODERATE LIMITATIONS •... • � � ` �. ' • • • • "•'^ •'.• . ••••• •` • • • • INSTITUTIONAL • • a • •Q•�y5 :,�� • • • • %40' • • v \ • ••' • ••••• • •I It • • • • \♦ i ♦ • • Ilex: .},• .•• • • •••• ••• • � • • Poe .00 •� ::i •. .\ A T � .001, 1 1 The preparation of this mao ras % fa need In part thr000n a a14.1. r provided by the North Carolina i coastal As"Gemeat aroaram, N tnrouch funds 'pro vioad the 1� 2 as0 aendedmanae, MO which : is R� a"Inistered by the Office of ' Man and Coastal Resource ; H ana•enen C. 83ti Onal Oceanic and O A LeospRe[iC Administration. EGW A � s H I N G I • I • aRRR S •s I MU Esau KAU POE BRABOVA NU E® ■ 11 t.. • %�i �. ��i '01 ;•'%ooO �. '••ppe', it /���. I � . �! •sir •��. , `�'`."'\ . 'p `T+ � ``- 44 S'N �..� . . �� ♦•s ♦ , \\\\ • • WA WA LA� i•�°Q � y •'�� ' moo. �'�•� Oil 0 i°i i•• ��; �&�ssi°a *010 r s•°.•.•'i'ir�. ° . ••.O's•Oi'i�ss i Hof NIS Rom Wo long wo mall AOP 1 • r A s E Np1A MAP R•IILMS ONLY STATE MAWBAOM ROAM r OR WPOWAHr NOWSYSTEM ROADS, G MILEAGE NOT SHOWN ON RKINTAos ROADI ROADS SHOWN AS Of SAX I, 1•14. Q '�•�•eeeeeee� •saes• H E R T F O R 0 ` • ._„� •. •` • to j"+. • w. COUNTY ; "0 • �ICan,•w fr.y � •..; ,cf � � � • uo• N.n . 'o I • � uA • ° ti � • 1• �f y � �� Y>4 •yh ken• • • ! •• • Inlla. es • i •11!• WJ • ' ' • r �: aNio • ` S ••• • yr. • • • • 3 • iiii•.. •'i:: 1 • ,. •, tt O ` ' •3 C,.o :. ° .:u ` • '' • : )J: 4 !' � • Ill / I ..�• • >~r; ``'' :' : '": 'r, poi. •�, s 46 Irk yw • '1•• • s% • • • eery • • r f • •1 • • • •',' • • • J►� _CHOWAN COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA z NORTH CAROUNA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DMSIOH Of HIGHWAYS—PW*ANC AND RESEARCH MANCN � r u3o/�.Aw war se U.S. DHARTMENT OF U04POWMION HDERAI HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION O V MAP 10 LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ® TRANSITION COMMUNITY •.' RURAL CONSERVATION ` 1 y i• � ter• �•�♦�•♦•♦• F Jim, 4 �: .I TheFtaaaratton of CRSs' MSlP financed ,n pArt thrDY•h a gc prov:a a t*1 the North CA1 11" Crass.! *e•naae••At Dre!•zaflla. thV010n funds orowid•el dY' -tAe. - Coastal toew Man4 4e•a11t ut of 1912.- as aaend•a, vhcch is adm3nrstered by the Office of ocean and CoastalRes•ur L".• Hshaaement, National oceanta 4a" A tmO•pRlriC Ad,44At•triC100. •�"� NOTE: By definition, all Areas of Environmental Concern !ABCs) are classified "Conservation," and aft CAMA CRMA investigation by is permit officers is I necessary to determine ; exact locat-ions of ABCs. K"m 3 • E S ram Imu • / • • • • ip1 • {'ram • • ewer ►••+ • , • ft !•,•r • • ohm 00" 1 J��o.1 a • •.0 r � - • • 1 r3 IIw••,•.w M+ of •� � .y a i''00 3•M ` r RI ., p O Af C N W A 3 H I N G t O