Newport River Estuary Dye Study: An Analysis of Water Movement-1983

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DCM COPY DCM COPY
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Division of Coastal Management
NEWPORT RIVER ESTUARY
DYE STUDY:
AN ANALYSIS OF WATER
MOVEMENT
1G/ by
Jacqueline S. Kazarian
Duke University Marine Laboratory
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
11

1
INEWPORT RIVER ESTUARY DYE STUDY: AN ANALYSIS OF WATER MOVEMENT
by
Jacqueline S. Kazarian
Duke University Marine Laboratory
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
The preparation of this report was financed through a Coastal Energy Impact
Program grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program,
through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of Coastal Zone Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This CEIP grant was part
of NOAA grant NA-80-AA-D-CZ149.
Project No. CEIP 80-01
Contract No. C-1193
March 1983

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to thank the following people and organizations
for assistance, advice and financial support during the experimental work
and preparation of this paper:
John D. Costlow, Director of Duke University Marine Laboratory, for
his advice and confidence in the initiation, progression and completion of
the project;
Peter Paul Cunningham for his love, encouragement and assistance;
David Bickar, a dear friend; William W. Kirby -Smith for use of
equipment; Michael Brenowitz, Bruce Johnson and Jeanette Field,
photographers; Donald Stearns, surface water sampler; Mamre Wilson, typist
and angel; Alice Lindahl, Bruce Kenney, Andrew Sweatt, Patty Krikorian and
Norris Hill at Duke University Marine Laboratory.
Michael W. Street and Stephen W. Ross at North Carolina Division of
Marine Fisheries;
Peter Hansen., surface water sampler, at National Marine Fisheries
Serivice;
Albert Pittman, Ken Gray, "Pop" Harvey and George Crosby, Core Creek
Bridge attendants;
Paul Tyler, University College at Swansea, for assistance in the
completion of the report; and
Hans Paerl, University of North Carolina.
Special thanks go to Virginia Bryan and John and Armina Kazarian for
their encouragement.
ii

' ABSTRACT
An investigation of the movement of dye in the Newport River estuary,
Carteret County, North Carolina, was conducted in November and December,
1980. Instantaneous introductions of a non -toxic, fluorescent dye,
Rhodamine - WT, were made and wind and tidal conditions were recorded. At
a number. of locations the fluorescence, temperature and salinity of the
water was measured at the surface and at a depth of 2 meters. Aerial
photographs were taken of the dye plume during portions of this study.
The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway channel appears to greatly
influence the movement of water in the lower part of the Newport River
estuary. During the ebb tide, the dye travelled from a point north of the
Newport Marshes, within the Intracoastal Waterway Channel, and towards the
Beaufort Inlet where horizontal and vertical mixing rapidly reduced dye
concentrations. During the flood tide, the dye was dispersed throughout
I
the various channels branching off from the Intracoastal Waterway.
I
11
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgments.... o ................................................... ii
Abstract..............................................................iii
List of Figures.........................................................v
List of Tables..........................................................v
List of Aerial Photographs..............................................v
Summary and Conclusions................................................vi
Recommendations........................................................vi
Introduction............................................................1
Newport River Estuary..............................................1
Materials and Methods...................................................4
Experiment 1.......................................................7
Experiment 2.......................................................7
Results.................................................................8
Discussion.............................................................25
References.............................................................27
Appendices.............................................................28
Appendix A. Fluorometric calibration curves for................28
Experiments 1 and 2.
Appendix B. U.S. Geological Survey tide table, 1980............32
Appendix C. Description and results of current meter ........... 33
stations for Atlantic Intracoastal Water.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1976.
iv

LIST OF FIGURES
Number Page
1 Main body of the Newport River estuary, N.0. .................2
2 Shellfish and primary nursery areas in Newport River .......... 3
estuary, North Carolina.
3 Fluorometric sampling stations 1-55...........................5
4 Flow -through system for determination of in situ..............6
Rhodamine - WT concentrations at surface and 2 m depths.
5 Results of Experiment 1 (Ebb Tide)...........................12
6 Results of Experiment 1 (Flood Tide).........................13
7 Results of Experiment 2......................................15
8 Current meter data (U.S. Geological Survey 1976).............24
LIST OF TABLES
1 Results of Experiment 1.......................................9
2 Results of Experiment 2......................................16
LIST OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
1 Aerial photograph of dye plume in the Atlantic Intra......... 22
coastal Waterway channel during Experiment 2.
2 Aerial photograph of dye plume generally within the .......... 22
eastern border of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway
channel near Phillips Island during Experiment 2.
3 Aerial photograph of dye plume near the west bank of ......... 22
Phillips Island during Experiment 2.
4 Aerial photograph of dye plume over shoals northeast ......... 22
of the Newport Marshes and southeast of Core Creek
during Experiment 2.
v

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Investigation of the movement of dyed water in the Newport River
estuary, Carteret County, N.C. indicated that the Atlantic Intracoastal
Waterway channel greatly influences the dispersion of water in the estuary.
Water traced with Rhodamine - WT, a non -toxic, biodegradable, fluorescent
dye, travelled during the ebb tide from a point north of the Newport
Marshes, within the Intracoastal Waterway channel, and towards the Beaufort
Inlet. During the flood tide, the water was found throughout the various
channels branching off from the Intracoastal Waterway and also was found in
Bogue Sound, Taylors Creek and the upper estuary. We conclude that
dissolved materials released from a point source generally remain in a
distinct plume on the ebb tide but are mixed and carried throughout the
lower estuary on the following flood tide.
RECOMMENDATIONS
We recommend that, in managing coastal facilities along the Newport
River estuary, the rapid and extensive distribution of water throughout the
estuary be recognized. To reduce contaminant dispersion throughout the
Newport River estuary and to increase the likelihood for dilution outside
the estuary, effluent release should be restricted to periods during ebb
tide and sites within the -Intracoastal Waterway channel in close proximity
to the Beaufort Inlet.
Current meter monitoring stations and dye tracer studies (using the
continuous method of dye release) would provide further and more extensive
information about circulation patterns and optimum pollution control
methods in the Newport River estuary.
vi

INTRODUCTION
The Newport River Estuary, Carteret County, North Carolina is a highly
productive body of water. Annually, it provides a livelihood for several
hundred individuals engaged in shrimping, clamming, and oystering.
Additional hundreds of individuals derive considerable relaxation and
enjoyment from
sports fishing during the
year. Unpublished data from the
North Carolina
Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, North Carolina,
indicates that
in 1978 the wholesale value of the fisheries in the Newport
River was $1.2
million.
The Newport River is situated in the
center of Carteret County. It is
bounded on the
north by forest, farmland
and several small communities, on
the east by the town of Beaufort, and
on the southwest by the town of
Morehead City and its deep -water port. The Newport River contributes to
the economy of Carteret County not only through fisheries and its port but
' also through the tourism on which the county is dependent. The tourist
income in Carteret County in 1979 was, according to the Carteret County
Chamber of Commerce, approximately $64 million.
The dye study reported here was designed to aid in the description of
the short-term, tidally -driven, movement of water and dispersion of
materials in the Newport River estuarine system. It is intended that the
information presented here will contribute to a better understanding of the
fate of contaminants which might enter this system. To gather information
on the dispersion properties of waterborne materials in this tidal system,
a dye tracer study was carried out on November 20-22, 1980 and again on
December 12-14, 1980. The purpose of this report is to describe the
procedure and findings of the study and to discuss the dispersion
characteristics of the Newport River estuary.
Newport River Estuary
' The Newport River estuary (34°45N, 76°40W) extends from "The Narrows"
of the Newport River to the Beaufort Inlet (Figure 1). The average depth
1 at mean lc�w rter is 1.0 m (Williams, 1966) and the estimated volume is
3.079 x 10 m (Hyle, 1976). The primary freshwater source is the
Newport River (located west of the "Narroys") which receives freshwater
runoff from a watershed of about 310 km (Wolfe, 1975). Core Creek,
located at the "L" bend, is maintained for navigation as part of the
Intracoastal Waterway which passes through the Newport River estuary. No
significant thermal or salinity stratification exists in the system (Wolfe
' et al., 1973). The upper part of the estuary measures approximately 1.7 km
in width. This area generally consists of shoals, oyster and clam beds and
is a primary nursery area (Figure 2). The downstream end of the estuary is
approximately 0.8 km in width, includes the Intracoastal Waterway channel
and a deep -water access channel to the port of Morehead City.
Hyle (1976) studied water movement in the Newport River estuary by
analyzing the movements of sea bed drifters and determined flushing rates
for six segments of the estuary using the tidal prism method. The flushing
time for each segment ranged from 1.3 to 2.3 tidal cycles. A total of 12.0
' tidal cycles (approximately 6 days) was estimated as the time for Newport

-2-
1 km
+Creek '
r •:
X
1� �
NA
Access
`c
Shackleford
�J Banks_
Figure 1. Main body of the Newport River estuary, N.C. and the
Intracoastal Waterway (IW). BC = Beaufort Channel,
BHC = Bulkhead Channel, CB = Causeway Bridge, CPT = Crab Point
Thoroughfare, GC = Gallant Channel, MCP = Morehead City Port,
NM = Newport Marshes, PI = Phillips Island, TC = Taylors Creek.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-3-
--•�:':1^ Creek
X X
'Morehead
Bogue Sou
Bogue
1 km
t
W Active Oyster Leases
x,K Clam Beds
Primary Nursery Area
JK
X
-
.r xX '• 'w�
T
S ask
.:.
Shackleford .
Banks
=
Figure 2. Shellfish and primary nursery areas in Newport River estuary,
N.C. From Ducharme and Strickland, 1980, and the North Carolina
Division of Marine Fisheries. (NM = Newport Marshes)

-4-
River water to move through the estuarine system. Flushing rates are
affected by river input, tidal volume changes, evaporation, local
topography and prevailing local wind patterns. Hyle (1976) provided
information from which one can determine the possible fate of a
hypothetical mass of water with respect to time and space. However, in
order to determine the horizontal and vertical movements of selected water
masses at various times in the tidal cycle, more information is needed than
is available from his report.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Artificially introduced tracer materials are useful for the purpose of
empirically evaluating the distribution of a potential contaminant in time
and space resulting from the processes of advection and turbulent
diffusion. Dye tracer studies usually involve the use of one of two
possible methods of dye release. The continuous method of release
generally involves a controlled injection of dye over an extended period of
time from a source remote from the receiving area. The instantaneous slug
release method involves a point injection of dye after which the movement
of the peak dye concentration in the plume is followed in the estuary. Due
to the unavailability of large volumes of dye necessary for a continuous
method of dye release and a restricted number of persons working on the
project, an instantaneous slug release method was used.
A non -toxic, biodegradable fluorescent dye, 20% Rhodamine - WT
solution (Crompton and Knowles, New Jersey), was used. Two experiments
involving the introduction of a slug of Rhodamine - WT in the surface layer
were conducted on November 20-22, 1980 (Experiment 1) and December 12-14,
1980 (Experiment 2). Dye slugs were released at slack high water and
3 hours after low water in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, to determine
the fate of a mass of water during a tidal cycle.
In situ dye concentrations were determined from a small boat at two
depths in the water column, surface and 2 m, at 56 stationk (Figure 3).
Two Turner Model 110 fluorometers (G.K. Turner Associates, Palo Alto,
California) with continuous flow cells were used. Water was pumped through
hoses which were attached to a 2.03 m long PVC pipe (Figure 4). An
alternator supplied power to run the fluorometers and pumps during in situ
monitoring. Separate tubing systems transported water from each depth
through a fluorometer flow cell. The lag time and capacity of the two
separate pumping systems were determined. Each fluorometer was calibrated,
with the flow cells and alternator, using standard concentrations of
Rhodamine - WT (Appendices A.1-A.3). A fluorometer with a cuvette door was
also calibrated to enable laboratory analysis of the surface water samples
(Appendix A.4). Variations in fluorescence with respect to changes in
salinity and temperature were determined. Prior to the dye releases,
background fluorescence in the estuary was determined. Identical sampling
* ,Mention of a brand name does not constitute endorsement by Duke
University Marine Laboratory or the North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development. ,

-5-
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
%- *53
�t *54
1 km
.. w , i-X
49 a -- _ * *42 t
* i*Z '*41
45*
350 :' *39 y
a,*2
Seack
Shackleford
0
Banks
Figure 3. Fluorometric sampling stations(*) 1-55 (Station 56, Core Creek
Bridge, is not shown). ® = dye release stations for
Experiment 1 (35) and Experiment 2 (11). BC = Beaufort Channel,
BHC = Bulkhead Channel, CB = Causeway Bridge, CPT = Crab Point
Thoroughfare, GC = Gallant Channel, NM = Newport Marshes, PI_=
Phillips Island, TC = Taylor's Creek.

Q:fl
RUBBEi
WATER PUMP
surface
depth
WATER PUMP
2 meter
depth
Figure 4. Fluorometric flow -through system (with pumps and generator) for
determination of in situ Rhodamine - WT concentrations at
surface and 2 m depths.

methods were used in Experiments 1 and 2. In situ monitoring at the
surface layer and at depths of 2 meters were carried out by one boat which
followed the visible course of the dye plume through the estuary. Another
boat travelled to various stations in the estuary at which surface water
samples were collected in 15 ml glass bottles for later analysis in the
laboratory. A 1-2 day delay in determining the salinity and concentration
of Rhodamine - WT in the water samples was observed not to affect
concentration. As a precautionary measure against deterioration of the
Rhodamine - WT from exposure to light, samples were analyzed as soon as
possible after collection. If this was not possible they were stored in a
dark room prior to fluorometer analysis.
In many cases
Intracoastal Water way
channel markers served as
'
monitoring stations
during the sampling
period. Stations without
Intracoastal Waterway
markers were marked by
buoys set prior to the dye
release. Appendix B
experiments.
gives the predicted tide
times for the days of the
' Experiment 1
An instantaneous point release of 5.7 liters of 20% Rhodamine - WT
solution
was carried out in Experiment
1 during slack high tide at
Station
35 (Figure 3). The dye release was
made at the rear of the boat so
that the
boat's propellor would aid in the
mixing of the dye. The course
of the
visible dye plume was followed
and point concentrations were
determined
at preselected stations. A mechanical failure in one of the
pumping
systems prevented in situ sampling
at a depth of 2 m but sampling
at the
surface layer was possible. Sampling was carried out from
Station 35 downstream to Beaufort Inlet where dilution of the dye prevented
'
further tracing. Surface water samples were collected during the flood
tide at stations in the estuary and analyzed the following day.
Experiment 2
An instantaneous point release of 14.0 liters of 20% Rhodamine - WT
solution was carried out in Experiment 2, at Station 11 (Figure 3) 3 hours
after low water. The dye was introduced as a circular surface patch
(diameter 0.02 km) around Station 11. Both pumping systems were in working
1
order during Experiment 2, enabling analysis of water from the surface and
a depth of 2 m. In situ sampling was carried out from a boat which
followed the visible route of the dye plume. Surface grab samples were
collected from another boat as in Experiment 1 and were analyzed later in
the laboratory. Surface water samples were also collected from off the
boat docks at the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (Station 9),
'
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) laboratory
(Station 26), Duke University Marine Laboratory (Station 27) and Core Creek
Bridge (Station 56).
Aerial photographs (Photographs 1-5) were taken during Experiment 2 at
time intervals within the period of flood tide (LW + 4 h and slack HW) .
They provided information on the position and distribution of the dye
11

ME
plume. The aerial photographs further documented the results obtained from '
the in situ sampling from the boat.
RESULTS
The objective of Experiments 1 and 2 was to determine the distribution
of substances entering the Newport River estuary by following the movement
of a mass of water which had been tagged with Rhodamine - WT dye.
The prevailing wind in Experiment 1 was 10 knots from the NNE. The
sampling method employed and a rapid rate of dispersion in the estuary
restricted the analysis of the distribution of dye to point concentrations.
The time and distance relative to the initiation time and location for each
sampling station was recorded (Table 1).
The visible portion of the dye plume in Experiment 1 remained in the
Intracoastal Waterway channel during the ebbing tide (Figure 5). The dye
plume travelled at an average rate of 1.27 kph. Instantaneous rates of
movement varied according to the state of the tide. Initially the dye
plume elongated and formed a narrow ribbon on an east -west axis north of
the Newport Marshes (Figure 5). When the eastern end of the ribbon reached
the Intracoastal Waterway channel, the dye mass moved within the limits of
the channel to south of Station 19 and remained within the Intracoastal
Waterway channel enroute to the Beaufort Inlet. The elongation of the
plume continued until it reached the Morehead City Causeway Bridge. The
width of the plume increased as it passed round the bridge pilings where
horizontal and vertical mixing appeared to increase the diffusion of the
dye. The concentration in the surface water of the dye plume decreased
from 6.5 to 4.1 parts per billion as it moved from north to south of the
Morehead City Causeway Bridge.
Fluorometer analysis of surface water samples from the Crab Point
Thoroughfare (Stations 15, 32, 22, 26) revealed that, although there was no
visible trace of dye in the area west of the Newport Marshes, a small
portion of the plume has passed through that area. Thus, while the
majority of the traced water followed the Intracoastal Waterway east of the
Newport Marshes, a portion had travelled through the shallower Crab Point
Thoroughfare west of the Newport Marshes during the ebbing tide (Figure 5).
Estimates of mean concentrations across the plume were not possible
due to the extensive length and rapid movement of the dye plume. The edges
of the plume were distinct and visible.
A visible dye plume was not observed in the Newport River estuary
during the flooding tide in Experiment 1. However, fluorometer delineation
of surface water samples clearly revealed the presence of dye in the '
estuary, indicating that the traced water had remained in the estuary
(Table 1). The distribution of dyed water during the flood tide was
different from that of the ebb tide (Figure 6). Dyed water appeared to
branch off from the Intracoastal Waterway channel at three points. One
branch followed a northeastern flow through the Bulkhead Channel, entering
Taylors Creek. Traces of dye were found in the Beaufort and Gallant
Channels indicating a flow of water into the Intracoastal Waterway at
1

Table 1. Data collected during Experiment 1 following an instantan-
eous slug injection of 5.7 liters of 20% Rhodamine - WT solution at
Station 35 at high water (HW)+2 hrs 30 min. The concentration of
Rhodamine - WT in seawater is presented with regard to tidal period,
depth in the water column, location, and salinity.
Time
Depth
Station
Salinity
Conc.
hr
min
Surface 2 m
No.
°/°°
ppb
i
November
20, 1981
HW+2
11
x
36
0.0
HW+2
23
x
35
33.0
0.0
HW+2
HW+2
29
31
x
x
34
19
0.0
0.0
HW+2
36
x
33
33.0
0.0
HW+2
41
x
36
0.0
HW+2
43
x
32
34.0
2.3
HW+2
44
x
17
4.0
HW+2
45
x
17
1.1
HW+2
46
x
17
1.1
HW+2
50
x
17
1.1
HW+2
51
x
19
1.1
HW+2
52
x
19
1.1
HW+2
53
x
18
1.1
HW+2
53
x
15
33.0
0.0
HW+2
56
x
17
1.0
HW+2
56
x
20
33.0
1.0
'
HW+2
59
z
12
0.0
HW+3
3
x
27
32.0
0.0
HW+3
6
x
7
34.0
0.1
HW+3
6
x
20
0.6
HW+3
13
x
18
1.1
HW+3
14
x
25
33.0
0.0
HW+3
15
x
8
34.0
0.0
HW+3
15
x
22
33.0
0.0
HW+3
16
x
17
1.1
HW+3
20
x
36
34.0
0.0
'
HW+3
25
x
43
31.0
0.0
HW+3
29
x
12
33.0
6.5
HW+3
HW+3
36
41
x
x
12
23
33.0
4.1
0.0
HW+3
46
x
15
33.0
0.0
HW+3
51
x
11
1.1
'
HW+3
52
x
11
1.4
HW+3
53
x
11
10.0
HW+3
59
x
33
33.0
0.0
'
Page 1 of
3
1

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Table 1. (cont'd)
Time
Depth
Station
Salinity
Conc.
hr
min
Surface 2 m
No.
°/pp
ppb
HW+4
0
x
35
28.0
0.0
HW+4
1
x
6
6.3
HW+4
6
x
7
6.1
HW+4
10
x
7
34.0
1.1
HW+4
11
x
33
32.0
0.0
HW+4
16
x
4-5
1.1
HW+4
17
x
34
31.0
0.0
HW+4
20
x
35
33.0
0.0
HW+4
21
x
4-5
1.9
HW+4
23
x
5
1.1
HW+4
23
x
35
31.0
0.0
HW+4
23
x
34
33.0
0.0
HW+4
24
x
4-5
0.7
HW+4
25
x
5
34.0
0.0
HW+4
29
x
33
33.0
0.0
HW+4
30
x
3
1.1
HW+4
33
x
2
1.1
HW+4
35
x
2
1.1
HW+4
36
x
2
33.0
3.6
HW+4
41
x
36
32.0
0.0
HW+4
43
x
32
31.0
0.0
HW+4
50
x
25
33.0
0.0
HW+5
7
x
31
33.0
0.0
MI+5
14
x
3
34.0
0.0
HW+5
21
x
7
34.0
0.0
HW+5
24
x
27
31.0
0.0
HW+5
27
x
12
33.0
0.0
HW+5
43
x
1
33.0
0.0
HW+5
51
x
3
33.0
0.0
LW+
1
x
31
33.0
0.0
LW+
19
x
1
34.0
0.0
LW+
38
x
1
33.0
0.0
LW+
40
x
2
33.0
0.0
LW+
42
x
3
33.0
0.0
LW+
45
x
5
32.0
0.0
LW+
48
x
7
33.0
0.8
LW+
51
x
8
34.0
3.0
LW+
55
x
12
32.0
0.1
LW+1
0
x
15
32.0
0.5
LW+1
5
x
18
32.0
0.4
LW+1
9
x
20
31.0
1.3
LW+1
12.
x
21
31.0
0.7
LW+l
16
x
22
33.0
0.0
Page 2 of 3

-11-
Table 1. (cont'd)
Time Depth Station Salinity Conc.
hr min Surface 2 m No. °/,o ppb
LW+1
19
x
23
32.0
0.0
LW+1
22
x
24
33.0
0.0
LW+1
26
x
25
33.0
0.0
LW+1
30
x
27
33.0
0.7
LW+1
33
x
30
34.0
0.1
LW+2
18
x
26
33.0
0.6
LW+2
2.0
x
25
33.0
0.2
LW+2
25
x
22
33.0
9.8
LW+2
27
x
20
34.0
1.7
I,W+2
29
x
36
31.0
0.2
I.W+2
31
x
36
33.0
0.8
LW+2
33
x
44
33.0
0.5
LW+2
37
x
35
32.0
0.3
LW+2
42
x
43
32.0
14.8
LW+2
53
x
51
29.0
0.2
LW+3
5
x
34
33.0
0.0
LW+3
7
x
33
34.0
0.0
LW+3
11
x
32
34.0
0.4
LW+3
16
x
15
33.0
0.0
I.W+3
19
x
12
34.0
0.0
LW+3
23
x
7
34.0
0.0
LW+3
25
x
5
34.0
0.3
LW+3
27
x
3
34.0
0.5
LW+3
32
x
31
34.0
0.1
I.W+3
34
x
27
34.0
0.0
Page 3 of 3

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;;�_ NEWPORT RIVER
FJ
to the
`Narrows' "�,--
1 km
rr.'•• .• '7 re
sCreek . -
IZ
_ 35 �w .
2 Back
Sound
�o
Shacklefprd
Banks
Figure 5. Results of Experiment 1 (ebb tide). Injection of 5.7 liters of
20% Rhodamine - WT solution at Station 35 at high water +
2-1/2 hours. The visible route of the traced water mass during
the falling tide is indicated by a solid line. The dashed line
indicates the route of traced water through the Crab Point
Thoroughfare. ® = dye release (Station 35). CB = Causeway
Bridge, CPT = Crab Point Thoroughfare, NM = Newport Marshes,
PI = Phillips Island.

-13-
"rz:, `�,� _ • . 77
:Core
Creek
:
1 km
Tg � •.
Sund
NF
Shackleford
Jam° Banks r
��° -':
Figure 6. Results of Experiment 1 (flood tide). Instantaneous slug
injection of 5.7 liters of 20% Rhodamine - WT solution at
Station 35 at high water + 2-1/2 hours. Solid lines indicate
the route of the traced water during the flood tide 5-9 hours
after the dye was released. ®= dye release (Station 35).
BC = Beaufort Channel, BHC = Bulkhead Channel, CB = Causeway
Bridge, CPT = Crab Point Thoroughfare, GC = Gallant Channel,
NM = Newport Marshes, PI = Phillips Island, TC = Taylor's Creek.

-14-
Station 20. A second branch separated from the ebb route and entered Bogue
Sound. A relatively high concentration of dye (3.0 parts per billion) was
found at Station 8 while the tide was still rising, which indicates a
possible strong flow of water into Bogue Sound. A third route of dye was
to the west of the Newport Marshes through the Crab Point Thoroughfare.
The presence of dye was found at the release point, Station 35, and at a
point near the nursery area, Station 51. Although it was not possible to
sample water in Back Sound it is probable that a fourth branch of water
entered this area during the flooding tide.
In Experiment 2 the dye plume was released at Station 11, south of the
Morehead City Causeway Bridge. The wind was 10-15 knots SW. The dye plume
generally remained within the boundaries of the Intracoastal Waterway as it
travelled upstream to Station 36 (Figure 7). The plume moved outside and
west of the channel at Station 36 and approached the shoal area northeast
of the Newport Marshes. The plume's surface area increased at slack high
water and remained in a shallow area outside and to the west of the
Intracoastal Waterway, north of the Newport Marshes and south of Core
Creek. The dye plume travelled from the releasing point (Station 11) to
Station 35 at an average rate of 1.66 km/hr. Surface water samples
collected every hour at Core Creek Bridge (6.25 km north of Station 43)
during December 12-14, 1980 indicated that the dyed water did not travel to
that point in the surface layer. Similarly, surface water samples
collected from the boat docks at Stations 9, 26 and 27 showed no presence
of dye during the sampling period. Data collected during Experiment 2 are
given in Table 2.
Salinity ranged from 29.0 to 34.0 ppt during Experiment 1 and from
16.2 (at Core Creek Bridge) to 36.0 ppt during Experiment 2 (Tables 1
and 2). Laboratory experiments revealed that the temperature and salinity
ranges in the Newport River estuary had little effect on the fluorescence
of standard concentrations of Rhodamine - WT and thus no corrections were
necessary.
In situ point determination of fluorescence in the water at the
surface layer and at a depth of 2 meters revealed that concentrations of
dye were greater at 2 m depth in the water column. Although the various
parameters involved in vertical distribution of the dye make it difficult
to assess the reason for the difference in dye concentrations, these
findings may be partly attributed to the greater density of Rhodamine - WT
(1.2 gm/ml) with respect to water.
Aerial photographs taken during Experiment 2 showed that the dye plume
generally remained within the limits of the Intracoastal Waterway during
the rising tide (Photographs 1-3) and spread out over an extensive area of
shallow waters north of the Newport Marshes at slack high water
(Photograph 4). These results correspond to those found by in situ
sampling from the boat. The photographs show the elongation of the plume
in the direction of the current flow and revealed that the plume travelled
along the eastern boundary of the channel as it passed Phillips Island.
Current meter data for the lower Newport River estuary are available
(U.S. Geological Survey 1976) and are presented in Figure 8 and
Appendices C.1-C.3. The information for _ a station near Phillips
Island (10) to the east of the Intracoastal Waterway show a reversing

-15-
i'
NEWPORT RIVER
1 km
" Y =Core
iCreek
43
Amok.- .:
Back
Sound
Shackleford
�-%b� Banks':
Figure 7. Results of Experiment 2 (flood tide). Instantaneous slug
injection of 14.0 liters of 20% Rhodamine - WT solution at
Station 11 3 hrs after low water. Prevailing wind was
10-15 knots SW. The period and rate of travel from Station 11
to Station 35 was 3 hrs and 1.72 km/hr, respectively. The dye
plume covered a large area over shoals north and east of the
Newport Marshes. 0 = dye release (Station 11). CB = Causeway
Bridge, CPT = Crab Point Thoroughfare, NM = Newport Marshes,
PI = Phillips Island.

-16-
Table 2. Results of Experiment 2. Instantaneous slug injection of
14.0 liters of Rhodamine - WT solution at Station 11 at low water
(LW)+3 hr. The concentration of Rhodamine - WT in seawater is
presented with respect to tidal period, depth in the water column,
location and salinity. * = Core Creek Bridge.
Time
hr
min
Depth
Surface 2 m
Station
No.
Salinity
°/,°
Conc.
ppb
December
12, 1980
LW+2
54
x
11
0.0
LW+2
54
x
11
0.0
LW+3
1
x
12
34.02
0.0
LW+3
4
x
11
1.50
LW+3
4
x
11
7.0
LW+3
8
x
12
33.45
1.05
LW+3
24
x
*
17.88
0.0
LW+3
29
x
15
34.56
0.0
LW+3
29
x
14
34.56
0.0
LW+3
29
x
14
34.02
0.0
LW+3
35
x
14
130.0
LW+3
35
x
14
0.0
LW+3
39
x
9
33.00
0.0
LW+3
43
x
32
34.02
0.0
LW+3
52
x
33
33.45
0.0
LW+3
53
x
18
33.45
00.0
LW+3
53
x
17
32.94
10.0.
LW+3
58
x
16
34.02
5.0
LW+3
58
x
32
34.56
0.0
LW+3
59
x
26
34.56
0.0
LW+4
6
x
20
34.56
0.0
LW+4
6
x
15
33.45
0.0
LW+4
8
x
14
33.45
0.0
LW+4
11
x
12
34.02
0.0
LW+4
15
x
20
0.6
LW+4
15
x
19-20
32.94
0.0
LW+4
17
x
32
34.02
0.0
LW+4
18
x
19-20
7.0
LW+4
20
x
33
33.45
0.0
LW+4
24
x
34
34.02
0.0
LW+4
24
x
*
16.74
0.0
LW+4
29
x
20
10.0
LW+4
29
x
20
17.0
LW+4
29
x
27
34.56
0.0
LW+4
31
x
19-20
34.56
7.2
LW+4
31
x
19-20
34.02
9.6
LW+4
39
x
21
34.56
7.5
LW+4
39
x
21
34.02
0.0
Page 1 of 6

-17-
Table 2. (cont'd)
Time
Depth
Station
Salinity
Conc.
hr
min
Surface 2 m
No.
°/°°
ppb
LW+4
39
x
35
32.94
0.0
LW+4
46
x
32
33.45
0.0
LW+4
50
x
36
2.7
LW+4
50
x
36
4.9
LW+4
53
x
36
33.45
2.7
LW+4
53
x
36
31.32
3.4
LW+4
54
x
51
29.16
0.0
LW+4
55
x
26
32.94
0.0
LW+4
58
x
38
0.0
LW+4
58
x
38
0.0
LW+4
58
x
38
34.56
0.0
LW+4
58
x
38
34.02
0.0
LW+4
59
x
9
34.00
0.0
LW+S
1
x
53
29.16
0.0
LW+S
7
x
54
27.00
0.0
LW+S
12
x
55
27.54
0.0
LW+S
23
x
53
28.08
0.0
LW+S
24
x
27
34.56
0.0
LW+5
30
x
51
29.19
0.0
LW+S
34
x
*
16.20
0.0
LW+5
36
x
35
33.45
0.0
LW+S
41
x
43
31.80
0.0
LW+S
54
x
9
34.00
0.0
LW+S
54
x
26
34.56
0.0
LW+S
56
x
35
34.02
2.2
LW+6
3
x
34
34.02
0.0
LW+6
8
x
33
34.56
0.0
LW+6
12
x
32
34.56
0.0
LW+6
17
x
15
35.10
0.0
LW+6
19
x
35
33.45
1.1
LW+6
21
x
12
35.64
0.0
LW+6
24
x
7
35.64
0.0
LW+6
24
x
27
35.10
0.0
LW+6
27
x
4-5
33.45
0.0
LW+6
29
x
*
19.44
0.0
HW+O
1
x
48
34.02
1.0
HW+O
1
x
48
34.02
2.4
HW+O
1
x
48
0.7
HW+O
1
x
48
3.2
HW+O
1
x
31
35.10
0.0
HW+O
3
x
28
33.45
0.0
HW+O
7
x
44
1.7
HW+O
7
x
44
4.4
HW+O
7
x
44
33.45
2.3
Page 2 of 6

-18-
Table 2. (cont'd)
Time
hr
min
Depth
Surface 2 m
Station
No.
Salinity
°/..
Conc.
ppb
HW+O
7
x
44
33.45
2.2
HW+O
12
x
44
3.7
HW+O
12
x
44
6.2
HW+O
12
x
44
33.45
2.1
HW+O
12
x
44
34.56
4.5
HW+O
17
x
9
34.50
0.0
HW+O
20
x
48
0.0
HW+O
20
x
48
0.0
HW+O
20
x
48
32.94
0.0
HW+O
20
x
48
34.02
0.0
HW+O
22
x
26
35.10
0.0
HW+O
30
x
45
3.3
HW+O
30
x
45
6.2
HW+O
30
x
45
34.56
3.1
HW+O
30
x
45
33.45
3.5
HW+O
37
x
47
1.7
HW+O
37
x
47
2.4
HW+O
37
x
47
34.56
0.9
HW+O
37
x
47
34.56
0.8
HW+O
50
x
51
0.0
HW+O
50
x
51
0.0
HW+O
50
x
51
31.80
0.0
HW+O
50
x
51
32.40
0.0
HW+O
52
9
34.00
0.0
HW+O
52
x
*
23.22
0.0
HW+O
57
x
27
35.10
0.0
HW+O
59
x
35
0.0
HW+O
59
x
35
0.0
HW+O
59
x
35
31.32
0.0
HW+O
59
x
35
32.40
0.0
HW+l
4
x
46
0.0
HW+1
4
x
46
0.0
HW+1
4
x
46
34.56
0.0
HW+1
4
x
46
33.45
0.0
HW+1
9
x
49
3.2
HW+1
9
x
49
7.0
HW+1
9
x
49
31.80
6.7
HW+1
9
x
49
32.94
7.3
HW+1
10
x
35
34.02
0.0
HW+1
22
x
26
34.56
0.0
HW+1
45
x
50
2.7
HW+1
45
x
50
7.0
HW+1
45
x
50
32.40
2.1
HW+1
45
x
50
33.45
6.5
Page 3 of 6

-19-
Table 2. (cont'd)
Time
hr
min
Depth
Surface 2 m
Station
No.
Salinity
°/pp
Conc.
ppb
HW+1
50
x
48
0.0
HW+1
50
x
48
0.0
HW+1
50
x
48
35.12
0.0
HW+1
50
x
48
34.56
0.0
HW+1
57
x
27
35.10
0.0
HW+1
57
x
*
26.46
0.0
HW+2
2
x
9
34.00
0.0
HW+2
15
x
46
0.2
HW+2
15
x
46
0.1
HW+2
15
x
46
33.45
2.1
HW+2
15
x
46
33.45
3.9
HW+2
20
x
46
5.2
HW+2
20
x
46
5.4
HW+2
20
x
46
34.02
3.2
HW+2
20
x
46
33.45
3.8
HW+2
22
x
2.6
35.10
0.0
HW+2
31
x
39
0.6
MIT+2
31
x
39
1.1
HW+2
31
x
39
35.12
0.8
HW+2
31
x
39
34.02
0.8
HW+2
37
x
41
34.02
0.0
HW+2
37
x
41
33.45
0.0
HW+2
52
x
27
35.10
0.0
HW+2
52
x
*
31.32
0.0
HW+2
56
x
35
32.94
0.0
HW+2
56
x
35
29.70
0.0
HW+3
7
x
9
34.50
0.0
HW+3
15
x
34
34.02
0.0
HW+3
22
x
27
34.02
0.0
HW+3
29
x
43
31.32
0.0
HW+3
35
x
39
34.02
0.2
HW+3
46
x
12
34.56
0.0
HW+3
52
x
27
35.10
0.0
IIW+3
55
x
1.4
34.56
0.0
HW+3
55
x
14
0.0
HW+3
55
x
14
0.0
HW+4
4
x
25
33.45
0.0
HW+4
7
x
*
29.16
0.0
HW+4
12
x
9
34.00
0.0
HW+4
13
x
29
34.56
0.0
HW+4
49
x
29
35.10
0.0
HW+4
49
x
29
0.0
H.W+4
49
x
29
0.0
HW+4
52
x
27
33.45
0.0
Page 4 of 6

-20-
Table 2. (cont'd)
Time
hr
min
Depth
Surface 2 m
Station
No.
Salinity
0/0.
Conc.
ppb
HW+4
58
x
31
34.56
0.0
HW+5
x
*
28.08
0.0
HW+5
17
x
9
34.00
0.0
HW+5
52
x
27
34.56
0.0
HW+6
7
x
9
34.00
0.0
HW+6
7
x
*
29.16
0.0
LW+O
39
x
27
33.45
0.0
LW+O
44
x
*
30.24
0.0
LW+1
42
x
*
29.70
0.0
LW+2
41
x
*
26.46
0.0
LW+3
13
x
27
34.02
0.0
LW+3
44
x
*
22.68
0.0
LW+4
39
x
27
35.10
0.0
LW+4
41
x
*
22.68
0.0
LW+5
20
x
27
34.02
0.0
LW+5
40
x
*
25.38
0.0
December
13, 1980
HW+
24
x
*
25.92
0.0
HW+1
28
x
*
30.78
0.0
HW+2
33
x
*
30.24
0.0
HW+3
23
x
*
30.24
0.0
HW+4
33
x
*
31.80
0.0
HW+5
29
x
*
29.70
0.0
LW+
36
x
*
31.32
0.0
LW+1
29
x
*
30.78
0.0
LW+2
29
x
*
28.08
0.0
LW+3
29
x
*
29.70
0.0
LW+4
29
x
*
25.92
0.0
LW+5
29
x
*
29.70
0.0
HW+O
2
x
*
29.16
0.0
HW+1
2
x
*
28.08
0.0
HW+2
1
x
25
32.40
0.0
HW+2
1
x
25
33.45
0.0
HW+2
2
x
*
28.62
0.0
HW+2
17
x
14
33.45
0.0
HW+2
29
x
41
32.94
0.0
HW+2
45
x
27
34.56
0.0
HW+2
32
x
30
35.10
0.0
HW+3
2
x
*
30.24
0.0
HW+3
7
x
*
30.24
0.0
HW+4
12
x
*
31.32
0.0
HW+5
12
x
*
31.24
0.0
Page 5 of 6

-21-
Table 2 (cont'd)
Time
hr
min
Depth
Surface 2 m
Station
No.
Salinity
0/0.
Conc.
ppb
LW+O
51
x
*
30.24
0.0
LW+1
46
x
*
31.32
0.0
LW+2
51
x
*
31.32
0.0
LW+3
51
x
*
31.32
0.0
LW+4
51
x
*
31.32
0.0
LW+5
52
x
*
30.78
0.0
December
14, 1980
HW+O
26
x
*
30.78
0.0
HW+1
27
x
*
30.78
0.0
HW+2
41
x
*
29.70
0.0
HW+3
52
x
*
30.78
0.0
HW+4
56
x
*
30.78
0.0
HW+5
41
x
*
31.32
0.0
LW+O
49
x
*
30.24
0.0
LW+2
29
x
*
27.00
0.0
LW+3
29
x
*
23.76
0.0
LW+4
29
x
*
22.68
0.0
HW+O
2
x
*
25.38
0.0
Page 6 of 6

22
Photograph 1.
Photograph 3.
Photograph 2.
Photograph 4.

23
NEWPORT RIVER •- •• ".'
kY'
••to the ;iK;7 •o`^brJ +', '`�'`:•
Narrow
... �`, ;. is �`� t'• : ♦ .a
:.' .'.'•~ ^tom �: ', 9•.
Moralised City
.. - j rW ••Sopue. Sound `Beas
fort ..
tPhotograph 1. Aerial photograph of dye plume in the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway channel during Experiment 2, December
12, 1980, LW+4 hrs. Taken from approximately 350 m.
tothe K. Z.
'Narrows'-
1
PI
Morehead Cuy�)�
BoOu! Sound _ _ .� ' Bea ort '
Photograph 3. Aerial photograph of dye plume near the west bank
of Phillips Island during Experiment 2, December 12, 1980, LW+4
hrs. Taken from approximately 150 m.
r�
1 km
Photograph 2. Aerial photograph of dye plume generally within
the eastern border of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway channel
near Phillips Island during Experiment 2, December 12, 1980,
LW+4 hrs. Taken from approximately 350 m.
'Narrows'
Photograph 4. Aerial photograph of dye plume over shoals
northeast of the Newport Marshes and southeast of Core Creek
during Experiment 2, December 12, 1980, slack high water. Taken
from approximately 350 m.

-24-
511
�',;Creek '�j r_^=<%s;�s,.• •
,,.. ',. •� a �: "`' rr:_..
:M NEWPORT RIVER
to the
Narrows' ` ~''� '•
" ' Bogue
_, . _
j.
1 km
: 0.41-0.80
»� 0.81-1.20 current
�..aa�� = 1.21-1.60 velocity
= 1.61- 2.00 (knots)
mean mean
flood ebb
••r
�o Shackleford
Banks
0
Figure 8. Current meter data (U.S. Geological Survey 1976). Data in
Appendices C.1-C.3.

-25-
current flowing 44° (true) on .the flood and 215° (true) on the ebb with a
mean velocity of 1.39 knots on the flood and 1.15 knots on the ebb. Data
from two stations
in the
Intracoastal Water (Stations
9 and 11) show a
reversing current
flowing
NE -SW with mean velocities
of approximately
1 knot on both flood and
ebb. These data correspond
closely with the
'
information derived
from the dye survey.
DISCUSSION
Experiments 1
and 2
reveal that the Intracoastal
Waterway and the
deep -water access
channel
to the port greatly influences tidal water
1 movement in the Newport River estuary. In the process of defining this
estuarine complex as "well -mixed" much consideration should be given to the
effect of the Intracoastal Waterway channel on horizontal advection in the
' estuary. In Experiment 1, during the ebb tide, the dye plume released to
the north of Newport Marshes, outside the boundaries of the Intracoastal
Waterway, moved eastwards into the main channel of the Intracoastal
Waterway. It then moved seaward as a relatively discrete body of water to
the east of Newport Marshes, west of Phillips Island, and under the
Morehead City Causeway Bridge. At this last point, horizontal dispersion
occurred due to the eddy effects of the bridge supports before the tracer
water moved out towards the Beaufort Inlet. A small fraction of the
initial dye release passed down the Crab Point Thoroughfare to the west of
Newport Marshes. Thus, on an ebbing tide, water moves seawards in the
channels as a discrete mass but it becomes mixed into other water masses
and diluted before reaching the Beaufort Inlet. If the release point had
been further west more dye may have passed through the Crab Point
Thoroughfare.
On the flood tide during Experiment 1 there was a horizontal movement
of water through all the major channels near the Beaufort Inlet. The dye
release was rapidly diluted and the water penetrated Bogue Sound, Bulkhead
Channel, Taylor's Creek, Gallants Channel, and Crab Point Thoroughfare as
well as following the Intracoastal Waterway. Once in these channels, the
water moved as a discrete body as evidenced by the passage of dye released
just south of Causeway Bridge during a flood tide (Experiment 2). These
data suggest that any material suspended or dissolved in the water near
Beaufort Inlet may be carried up any or all of the channels that branch off
from this body of water and possibly will enter the water of Bogue and Back
Sounds and Taylors Creeks as well as the main body of the Newport River
estuary.
The data presented here suggest that even if a discrete body of water
passes down the Intracoastal Waterway on the ebb and is retained in
Beaufort Inlet, rather than being released to the open sea, the water will
' be dispersed throughout all the channels inland of Beaufort Inlet on 'the
next flood tide.
' The presence of dye near the nursery area (Station 51) is of
significance. If the traced water detected in this area in Experiment 1 is
of the same plume which left the Newport River estuary during the ebbing
' tide, a distance of 11 miles was traversed in one tidal cycle. The Newport

-26-
Marshes were inaccessible to our boats, and it is unknown whether or not ,
the traced water entered the marsh area. It is possible that traces of dye
which may have entered the Newport Marshes could account for the ,
concentration of dye found near the nursery area (Table 1). The high
flushing rate up to Station 51 corresponds to findings made by Hyle (1976)
in which the relative changes in volume between high and low water in '
segments from Crab Point to the Morehead City Causeway Bridge are the same.
The volume changes west of Crab Point sharply decrease and may explain
Hyle's low average flushing rate of 12.0 tidal cycles. For the whole
estuary the similarity between dye plume movement during the ebbing tide in '
Experiment 1 and flooding tide in Experiment 2 north of the Newport Marshes
is evidence that a northwest/southeast flow exchanges water in the nursery
area in the upper end of the estuary with that of the Intracoastal
Waterway.

' -27-
IREFERENCES
Ducharme, A. and J. Strickland. 1980. The Living Resources of the Newport
River. Unpublished manuscript, Duke University Marine Laboratory.
1 Hyle, R.A., II. 1976. Fishes of the Newport River estuary, North
Carolina, their composition, seasonality and community structure,
1970 72. Ph.D. thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
102 pp.
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Ocean Survey. March, 1981. Nautical
IChart #11541.
U.S. Geological Survey. 1971. 7.5 minute series (topographic) of Beaufort
Quadrangle. Map #N3437.5-W7637.5/7.5.
U.S. Geological Survey. 1976.
Wolfe, D.A. 1975. Modeling the distribution and cycling of metallic
elements in estuarine ecosystems. In Estuarine Research, ed.
L.E. Cronin, Vol. 1, pp. 645-671.
Wolfe, D.A., F.A. Cross, and C.D. Jennings. 1973. The flux of Mn, Fe, and
Zn in an estuarine ecosystem. In Radioactive Contaminants of the
Marine Environment, pp. 159-175. Vienna: International Atomic Energy
Agency.
Williams, A.B. 1966. Annual phytoplankton production in a system of
' shallow temperate estuaries. In Some Contemporary Studies in Marine
Science, ed. H. Barnes, pp. 669-716. London: George Allen and Unwin
Ltd.
L
11

IMM
U.
10' 10�1 103
Rhodamine WT Concentration
parts per trillion
Appendix A.I. Fluorometric calibration curves.
Experiment 1. Surface flow -through water sampling calibration curve. I

-29-
1
1
E
a
1
C
c�
a
r
0
0
101 102 103
Rhodam*,-ie WT Concentration
Pars per trillion
Appendix A.2. Fluorometric calibration curves.
1 Experiment 2. Surface flew -through water sampling calibration curve.

-30--
E
E.
lL
101 102 103
Rhodamine WT Concentration
parts per trillion
Appendix A.3. Fluorometric calibration curves
Experiment 2. 2 m flow -through water sampling calibration curve.-

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
84
48
0
m
C
r
0
36
0
24
12
0
le
-31-
102 103
Rhodamine WT Concentration
parts per trillion
Appendix A.4. Fluorometric calibration curves.
Experiments 1 and 2. Surface cuvette water sampling calibration curve.

-32-
Appendix B. USGS Tide Table.
Adjusted for Morehead City -Beaufort
Causeway Bridge from Hampton Roads,
VA data.
1980 Time
(h.m.)
November 20
November 21
December 12
December 13
December 14
December.15
high
0559
low
1211
high
1825
low
0020
high
0654
low
1306
high
1918
low
0436
high
1108
low
1721
high
2337
low
0531
high
1158
low
1809
high
0036
low
0631
high
1256
low
1905
high
0136
low
0740
high
1359
- low .
2005 ...

1 -33-
1
Appendix
C.I. Description of
current meter stations for
Atlantic
Intracoastal
Waterway.
U.S. Geological
Survey,
1976.
Depth
Depth
Location
of
of
Beginning
Duration
'
Station
Latitude
Longitude
water
meter
of data
of data
No.
(N)
(W)
(ft) (MLW)
(ft)
(days)
'
6
34041.98'
76040.52'
25
10
3/30/76
16
6
34041.98'
76040.52'
25
20
3/30/76
16
7
34042.23'
76041.17'
27
6
2/25/76
70
'
7
34042.23'
76041.17'
27
15
2/25/76
70
8
34042.78'
76041.65'
34
6
3/11/76
16
8
34042.78'
76041.65'
34
15
3/11/76
16
9
34043.37'
76041.63'
22
6
4/13/76
17
10
34043.88'
76041.00'
24
6
2/23/76
33
10
34043.88'
76041.00'
24
15
2/23/76
33
11
34044.17'
76040.83'
20
6
4/14/76
17
12
34045.45'
76040.42'
20
6
4/17/76
17
13
34043.00'
76043.97'
19
6
2/24/76
32
14
34042.70'
76042.83'
15
6
2/23/76
33
17
34042.70'
76040.78'
15
6
2/24/76
32
18
34042.03'
76039.23'
19
6
3/17/76
13
19
34041.53'
76039.13'
22
6
2/25/76
34
1
20
34042.13'
76037.05'
13
6
4/24/76
9
1
1

-34-
Appendix C.2. Results of current meter experiments for
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. U.S. Geological Survey,
1976.
Station
Mean
flood
Mean ebb
No.
Velocity
Direction
Velocity
Direction
(knots)
(°)
(knots)
(°)
6(10')
1.96
307
2.77
151
6(20')
1.99
320
1.71
153
7( 6')
1.35
314
1.52
145
7(15')
1.64
305
1.71
128
8( 6')
1.30
327
1.00
144
8(15')
1.20
334
1.00
138
9( 6')
1.01
054
1.02
185
10( 6')
1.39
044
1.15
215
10(15')
1.31
044
1.16
226
11( 6')
0.95
040
0.97
224
12( 6')
1.50
075
1.20
350
13( 6')
1.43
293
1.45
110
14( 6')
1.14
266
1.63
094
17( 6')
1.19
022
1.17
202
18( 6')
0.83
126
0.82
304
19( 6')
1.34
135
1.11
305
20( 6')
0.87
080
1.29
262

-35-
Appendix
C.3. Results
of current meter
experiments for
Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway. U.S. Geological Survey,
1976.
Minimums
Before
flood
After
flood
Nontidal
Station
Velocity Direction
Velocity
Direction Velocity
Direction
No.
(knots)
(°)
(knots)
(°)
(knots)
(°)
6(10')
0.09
232
0.04
225
0.23
228
6(20')
0.20
242
0.09
232
0.15
237
7( 6')
0.03
054
0.03
227
0.16
172
'
7(15')
0.05
222
0.09
220
0.10
154
8( 6')
0.01
218
0.10
237
0.07
334
8(15')
0.06
048
0.05
237
0.13
018
9( 6')
0.20
127
0.14
122
0.33
128
I
10( 6')
0.05
130
0.04
126
0.09
114
10(15')
0.03
317
0.01
313
0.03
321
ll( 6')
0.02
309
0.01
130
0.09
236
'
12( 6')
0.48
031
0.50
341
13( 6')
0.00
027
0.03
028
0.08
090
14( 6')
0.01
179
0.02
175
0.19
111
17( 6')
0.03
113
0.02
116
0.05
168
18( 6')
0.03
033
0.06
217
0.02
278
19( 6')
0.06
218
0.02
219
0.10
182
'
20( 6')
0.06
359
0.03
163
0.18
268