Advanced Core CAMA Land Use Plan-2005

CAMDEN COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Camden County Board of Commissioners: April 4, 2005
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: June 17, 2005
Prepared By:
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Wilmington, North Carolina
with support from
Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates, P.A.
Nags Head, North Carolina
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

CAMDEN COUNTY,
NORTH CARO LI NA
ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN
Adopted by the Camden County Board of Commissioners: April 4, 2005
Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: June 17, 2005
Prepared By:
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Wilmington, North Carolina
with support from
Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates, P.A.
Nags Head, North Carolina
The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided bythe Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

CAMDEN COUNTY
ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE................................. ... .... ......... .........i
SECTION L INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1
SECTION II. HISTORY ....................................................2
SECTION 111. REGIONAL SETTING .............................................. 4
SECTION 1V. CAMDEN COUNTY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS ......................6
A. KEYISSUES ............................. .6
B. DOMINANT GROWTH -RELATED ISSUES .................................... 7
C. CAMDEN COUNTY COMMUNITY VISION .................................... 8
SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS ................... 9
A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY ................................... 9
1. Camden County Permanent Population .............. ....... ......
9
a.
Region R, North Carolina, and Camden County ...................
9
b.
Camden County Population Profile ............................
11
C.
Population Summary ......................................
15
2. Housing ........................................ ............16
a.
Housing Occupancy and Tenure ..............................
16
b.
Structure Age ............................................ .
17
C.
Housing Conditions .......................................
17
d.
Single and Multi -Family Units ................................
18
e.
General Housing .............................. ..........19
f.
Housing Summary ........ .......... ... .............
19
3. Employment and Economy .......................................
20
a.
Introduction (General Economic Indicators) .....................
20
b.
Household Income ........................................
21
C.
Employment by Industry ...................................
21
d.
Earnings by Industry .......................................
24
e.
Employment Commuting Patterns ............................
25
f.
Industries ...............................................
27
g.
Employment and Economy Summary ..........................
28
4. Population Projections .. ........ ..... .............. ... .
29
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PAGE
B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
30
...........................................
1.
Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features ........... .. ........ .
30
a. Topography/Geology .................... ... ............30
b. Climate ...............................................
.31
C. Flood Hazard Areas.......................................31
d. Man-made Hazards/Restrictions ....... ... .................
37
e. Soils .. ............................... ..............38
f. Water Supply .. ..... .................... ...
42
.......
g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern ...............
42
L Estuarine Waters (AEC) ......... ..............
43
ii. Estuarine Shorelines (AEC) ...........................
43
iii. Public Trust Areas (AEC) ..............................
43
iv. Coastal Wetlands (AEC) . ....................... ...
44
V. Wetlands Defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act ....
44
vi. Slopes in Excess of 12% ...............................
47
vii. Excessive Erosion Areas ................. ....... .
47
viii. Natural Resource Fragile Areas .........................
48
h. Areas of Resource Potential .................................
52
i. Regionally Significant Public Parks ......... .. .......
52
ii. Marinas and Mooring Fields ...........................
52
iii. Floating Homes .....................................
53
iv. Aquaculture ....... ....... .............. .53
V. Channel Maintenance and Interstate Waterways ...........
53
vi. Marine Resources (Water Quality) ......................
54
vii. Primary Nursery Areas and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation ...
57
2.
Environmental Composite Map ..... .......... ............. ..
58
3.
Environmental Conditions . .......... .........................
61
a. Subbasin 03-01-50 ......... ........................ ...
62
b. Subbasin 03-01-54 ....... ....... .................... .
64
C. Registered Animal Operations/Population Densities within
Pasquotank River Basin ....................................
65
d. Growth Trends ......................... ................66
C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT ...............................
67
1.
Introduction....... .....................
.....................67
2.
Land Use in Relation to Water Quality ......... .............. ....
67
a. Subbasin 03-01-50 .............. . ............. .......
69
b. Subbasin 03-01-54........................................
71
3.
Land Use ...................................................72
4.
Historic and Archeological Sites ...... ...................... ...
76
5.
Community/Highway Corridor Areas ................................
77
a. Introduction.............................................77
b. Existing Land Use Community/Highway Corridor Areas ............
79
D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES ....................
85
1.
Transportation .............................. .................85
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PAGE
2.
Health Care...................................................85
3.
Law Enforcement ...............................................
88
4.
Fire/Rescue Services .............................................
88
5.
Administration .................................................
89
6.
Water System ............ .............. .................
90
7.
Sewage System .............. ....... ..... ........... ...
93
8.
Solid Waste ................................. ... ...........94
9.
Schools ................................ ....................95
10.
Recreation ............................... ...................96
11.
Electric, Natural Gas, Telephone ...................................
97
a. Electric.................................................97
b. Natural Gas..............................................97
C. Telephone ........ .............. ....................97
d. Internet Service ..................... ................
97
12.
Storm Water Management ........................................
97
a. Introduction.............................................97
b. Erosion and Sedimentation .................................
98
C. EPA Regulations..........................................98
d. Construction Activities ............ .. ......... ........
99
e. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering ..........................
100
f. Storm Water Management as Related to Camden County .........
101
E EXISTING LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS ...................................
104
F. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS ............................
108
1.
Camden County Code ................. .......................109
2.
North Carolina Building Code .......' .............................
110
3.
Septic Tank Regulations ........................................
112
4.
National Flood Insurance Program .................................
112
5.
Review of the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan Update ..............
113
G. FUTURE DEMANDS..................................................118
1.
Introduction...................................................118
2.
Future Land Use Needs ................................... ....119
a. Housing Trends .. ........... ......... ...... ......119
b. Commercial Land Use .....................................
119
C. Industrial Land Use ........... . ..........................
121
d. Future Land Suitability ....................................
121
3.
Future Infrastructure/Community Facilities Needs .....................
125
a. Transportation ........................... .............125
b. Education..............................................127
C. Recreation ..... ........................ .........128
d. Water System ................ .... .....................
128
e. Sewer System ................... ... ......... ......
128
f. Storm Drainage ............ ... .....................130
g. Solid Waste ..........................................131
h. Law Enforcement ........................................
132
am

PAGE
i. Fire and Rescue Services ......... .............. .......
132
j. Administrative Services ....... ..................... ..
133*
k. Community Facilities Deficiencies .. ........ ..........
133
SECTION VI. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE ............ . ...... ......... ....
134
A.
LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS ..............
134
B.
POLICIESAMPLEMENTING ACTIONS ......................................
134
1. Introduction................................................134
2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs .................
137
C.
LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS ... .......... ......... .....
138
1. Introduction..................................................138
2. Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics ..........
138
3. Public Access .................................................
139
4. Land Use Compatibility ................ ............. ........
141
5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity ..................................
149
6. Transportation ....................... ............. .. .....152
7. Natural Hazard Areas ...........................................
155
8. Water Quality .................. ........... ....... . ...
157
9. Local Areas of Concern .................. ........... ......
162
10. Schedule ..................................................169
D.
FUTURE LAND USE COMMUNITY/HIGHWAY CORRIDOR AREAS .................
170
E.
FUTURE LAND USE MAPS .............................................
177
1. . Introduction...: ................: ...........................177
2. Future Land Use Acreages .................................. ...
178
3. Future Land Use Maps ..........................................
186
SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT ............................
200
A.
GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING ................................
200
B.
-EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ..............................:......
200
C.
ADDITIONAL TOOLS .................................................
200
D.
ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE... ...:.................... ..................
201
1. Citizen Participation ............................................
201
2. Action Plan/Schedule...........................................
202
E.
RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF LAND USE PLAN POLICIES ..........................
202
SECTION VIII. HAZARD MITIGATION, POST RECOVERY, AND EVACUATION PLANS .......
210
A.
INTRODUCTION .......................... .........................210
B.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION.............................................210
1. Hurricanes ............................ .....................211
2. Thunderstorms and Tornadoes..................................213
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PAGE
3.
Flooding...................................................214
4.
Nor'easters ............................................ ...
215
5.
Severe Winter Storms .............. . ............. .........
216
6.
Wildfire.....................................................217
7.
Drought/Heat Waves ................................. ........218
C. DEVELOPMENT VULNERABILITY ............. .............. .........
220
1.
Zoning and Existing Land Use .................... ..............
220
2.
Estuarine Shoreline AEC ........................................
223
3.
..............................223
Non -AEC Areas ............ ..
D. HAZARD MITIGATION POLICIES ........................................
223
E. HURRICANE EVACUATION PLANNING ....................................
224
F. POST -DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN ................. ....................224
1.
Introduction. .............................. ..................225
2.
Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team .....................
225
3.
Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements ...................
225
4.
Organization of Recovery Operations ............ ........... ....
225
G. RECOMMENDED RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES .............................
226
1..
Bridge Re-entry Permits .........................................
226
2.
Permitting ................ .... ..........................227
3.
Utility and Facility Reconstruction ..... ................ ........
228
4.
Temporary Development Moratorium ..............................
228
TABLES
Table 1
Camden County, Region R, and North Carolina Total Population and
Percentage Change, 1970-2003 ...............................
9
Table 2
Camden County Population Growth by Township ................
10
Table 3
Camden County Racial Composition, 1970-2000 .................
11
Table 4
Camden County and North Carolina Age Composition, 1990 and 2000
14
Table 5
Camden County and North Carolina Education Attainment, 2000 ....
15
Table 6
Camden County and North Carolina Housing Occupancy and Tenure,
1990 and 2000...........................................
16
Table 7
Camden County Housing Structure, 2000 ........................
17
Table 8
Camden County and North Carolina Housing Conditions ...........
18
Table 9
Camden County and North Carolina Units in Structure and Mobile
Home Count, 2000 ........................................
18
Table 10
Camden County and North Carolina Summary of Economic Indicators
20
Table 11
Camden County Household Income, 2000 ......................
21
Table 12
Camden County Employment by Industry, 2000 ..................
22
Table 13
Camden County Agricultural Data .............................
23
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Table 14
Camden County Earnings by Industry, 2000 .... ....... ...
24
Table 15
Camden County Wages by Industry, 2000 .... . ..........
25
Table 16
Camden County Travel Times to Work .........................
26
Table 17,
Camden County Travel Times — Commuter Destinations ...........
26
Table 18
Camden County Industries ..................................
27
Table 19
Region R Population Projections, 2000-2015 ....................
29
Table 20
Camden County Permanent and Peak Seasonal Population Forecast,
2000-2015...............................................
30
- Table 21
Camden County Flood Hazard Areas .. .... .... ...........
34
Table 22
Chesapeake & Albemarle Railroad Customers ............... :....
37
Table 23
Camden County Soil Series Characteristics .....................
40
Table 24
Camden County Wetlands ....................................
46
Table 25
Permitted Wetland Mitigation Activities by Subbasin and Year ......
47
Table 26
Camden County Protected Lands Acreages ......................
48
Table 27
Camden County Natural Heritage Areas .......... ............
51
Table 28
NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications ...........
54
Table 29
Camden County Alphabetic List of Waterbodies ...................
55
Table 30
Camden County Environmental Composite Map Layers ............
60
Table 31
Camden County and Subbasins Land Use Acreage by Class .........
61
Table 32
Subbasin 03-01-50 Description ...............................
62
Table 33
Subbasin 03-01-54 Description ...........................
64
Table 34
Camden County Registered Animal Operations .............:....
65
Table 35
Pasquotank River Basin Population, Densities, and Land Area
Summaries for Camden County Subbasins ......................
66
Table 36
Camden County Total Acreage .............. . ..........
72
Table 37
Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage ...................................
74
Table 38
Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage ..................................
74
Table 39
Camden County Building Permits, January 1999 to May 31, 2004 ....
75
Table 40
Community/Highway Corridor Study Areas Existing Land Use .......
84
Table 41
Camden County Employees ..... ..........................
89
Table 42
South Camden Water and Sewer District Water Usage Information ...
92
Table 43
South Mills Water Association Water Usage Information ...........
93
Table 44
Recycled Solid Waste Tonnage ...............................
95
Table 45
Camden County Schools ... ..............: ............
95
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Table 46 Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table .........................
Table 47 Camden County Acreage ................................ . .
Table 48 Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage ...................................
Table 49 Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage .... ...... .
Table 50 Camden County Zoning Districts and Acreage ....................
Table 51 Camden County Commercial Districts .........................
Table 52 Camden County Future Land Suitability .......... ... .... .
Table 53 Camden County NCDOT TIP Projects ..........................
Table 54 Camden County and Study Areas Future Land Use Acreages ........
Table 55 Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage .......... ......... ....... .
Table 56 Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage ..................................
Table 57 Camden County and Study Areas Existing vs. Future Land Use Acreages
Table 58 Camden County and Study Areas Acreage Forecast Based on Market
Growth Demand ..... ....................... ..........
Table 59 Camden County Policy Analysis Matrix — Land Use Plan Management
Topics... ................ ............................
Table 60 The Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale....... ....... ........... .
Table 61 Hazard _Identification and Analysis Summary ....................
Table 62 Camden County Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain ...........
Table 63 Camden County Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain-Zoning ....
Table 64 Camden County Storm Surge Inundation .......................
MAPS
Map 1
Camden County Regional Location Map ................ ...... .
Map 2
Population Growth 1990 to 2000 North Carolina Counties .........
Map 3
Camden County Flood Hazard Map .......... .............. .
Map 4
Camden County Storm Surge ................................
Map 5
Camden County Soil Types ..................................
Map 6
Camden County Wetlands ........... .. ... .... ...... .
Map 7
Camden County Protected Lands .............................
Map 8
Camden County Natural Heritage Areas ........................
Map 9
Camden County Location of Waterbodies ...................... .
Map 10
Camden County Environmental Composite Map ..................
Map 11
General Map of the Pasquotank River Basin .....................
PAGE
106
107
108
108
109
120
123
125
179
180
180
181
184
203
213
218
221
221
222
5
13
33
35
39
45
49
50
56
59
63

-
PAGE
Map 12
Camden County Land Use in Relation to Water Quality ............
70
Map 13
Camden County Existing Land Use ............................
73
Map 14
Camden County Historic Sites ........ ... ............ .
78
Map 15
Camden County Land Use Plan Study Areas .....................
80
Map 16
Camden County Land Use Plan Camden Community Existing Land Use
81
Map 17
Camden County Land Use Plan Shiloh Community Existing Land Use ..
82
Map 18
Camden County Land Use Plan South Mills Community Existing
LandUse ......................... .....................
83
Map 19
Camden County - County, State, and Federal Facilities ............
86
Map 20
Camden County Average Daily Traffic Count ....................
87
Map 21
Camden County Utilities ...................................
91
Map 22
Camden County Areas of Storm Water Flooding .................
102
Map 23
Camden County Existing Land Suitability Analysis Map ............
105
Map 24
Camden County Zoning Map ....... ........... ........
111
Map 25
Camden County Proposed Industrial Park and Landfill .............
122
Map 26
Camden County Future Land Suitability Analysis Map .............
124
Map 27
Camden County NCDOT Transportation Improvement Program
Proposed Projects.. ............... ............. ....
126
Map 28
Camden County Future Infrastructure Map ......................
129
Map 29
Camden County - Future Land Use ................... ... . ...
187
Map 30
South Mills Study Area - Future Land Use .......................
188
Map 31
Camden Study Area - Future Land Use .........................
189
Map 32
Shiloh Study Area - Future Land Use ...........................
190
Map 33
Highway South 343 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use .........
191
Map 34
Highway North 343 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use .........
192
Map 35
Highway 17 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use ...............
193
Map 36
Highway 158 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use ..............
194
Map 37
Camden County Minus Study Areas - Future Land Use .............
195
GRAPHS
Graph 1
Camden County Population by Township, 2000 ..................
10
Graph 2
Camden County Age Composition, 2000 ................ .. ..
14
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PAGE
FIGURES
Figure 1
Site Planning Techniques ...................................
173
Figure 2
Linked Parking Areas Behind Stores ............. ..... .....
174
Figure 3
Alternatives for Arranging Commercial Development ..............
174
Figure 4
County -Wide Zoning Regulations .............................
175
Figure 5
Clustering of New Development ...............................
175
Figure 6
Examples of Connectivity within Developments ..................
176
Figure 7
Building on Sensitive Areas vs. Protecting Sensitive Areas ..........
176
Figure 8
Reducing Lots Sizes to Locate Homes on Better Soils .............
177
APPENDICES
Appendix I
Camden County Citizen Participation Plan
Appendix 11
Absentee Property Owner Survey Results
Appendix III
Forestry Best Management Practices
Appendix 1V
Agricultural Best Management Practices
Appendix V
Policy/implementing Action Definitions of Common Terms
Appendix VI
Traditional Neighborhood Development Street Types
Appendix VII
Board of Education Report

CAMDEN COUNTY
ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN
MATRIX OF REQUIRED ELEMENTS
ELEMENT
CAMA ADVANCED CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(a) Organization of the Plan
page i, ii, and 1
(b) Community Concerns and Aspirations
(1) Significant Existing and Emerging Conditions
page 7
(2) Key Issues
page 6
(3) A Community Vision
page 8
(c) Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions
pages 9-15
(1) Population, Housing, and Economy
(A) Population:
(i) Permanent population growth trends using data from the
two most recent decennial Censuses;
(ii) Current permanent and seasonal population estimates;
(iii) Key population characteristics;
(iv) Age; and
(v) Income
(B) Housing Stock:
pages 16-19
(i) Estimate of current housing stock, including permanent and
seasonal units, tenure, and types of units (single-family,
multi -family, and manufactured); and
(ii) Building permits issued for single-family, multi -family, and
manufactured homes since last plan update
(C) Local Economy
pages 20-28
(D) Projections
page 29
(2) Natural Systems Analysis
pages 30-57
(A) Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
(i) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs);
(ii) Soil characteristics, including limitations for septic tanks,
erodibility, and other factors related to development;
(iii) Environmental Management Commission water quality
classifications and related use support designations, and
Division of Environmental Health shellfish growing areas and
water quality conditions;
(iv) Flood and other natural hazard areas;
(v) Storm surge areas; .
(vi) Non -coastal wetlands including forested wetlands, shrub -
scrub wetlands, and freshwater marshes;
(vii) Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection areas;
(viii) Primary nursery areas, where mapped;
(ix) Environmentally fragile areas; and
(x) Additional natural features or conditions identified by the
local government.

ELEMENT
CAMA ADVANCED CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(B) Composite Map of Environmental Conditions:
pages 58-60
(i) Class I
(ii) Class II
(iii) Class III
(C) Environmental Conditions
pages 61-66
(i) Water Quality:
(1) Status and changes of surface water quality, including
impaired streams from the most recent NC Division of
water Quality Basinwide Water Quality Plans, 303(d) List
and other comparable data;
(11) Current situation and trends on permanent and
temporary closures of shellfishing waters as determined
by the Report of Sanitary Survey by the Shellfish
Sanitation Section of the NC Division of Environmental
Health;
(111) Areas experiencing chronic wastewater treatment
system malfunctions; and
(IV) Areas with water quality or public health problems
related to non -point source pollution
(ii) Natural Hazards:
(1) Areas subject to storm hazards such as recurrent
flooding, storm surges, and high winds;
(II) Areas experiencing significant shoreline erosion as
evidenced by the presence of threatened structures or
public facilities; and
(111) Where data is available, estimates of public and private
damage resulting from floods and wind that has
occurred since the last plan update
(iii) Natural Resources:
(1) Environmentally fragile areas or areas where resource
functions may be impacted as a result of development;
and
(11) Areas containing potentially valuable natural resources
(3) Analysis of Land Use and Development
pages 67-84
(A) A map of land including the following: residential, commercial,
page 73
industrial, institutional, public, dedicated open space, agriculture,
forestry, confined animal feeding operations, and undeveloped;
(B) The land use analysis shall including the following:
pages 67-76
(i) Table that shows estimates of the land area allocated to each
land use;
(ii) Description of any land use conflicts;
(iii) Description of any land use -water quality conflicts;
(iv) Description of development trends using indicators; and
(v) Location of areas expected to experience development
during the five years following plan certification by the CRC
and.a description of any potential conflicts with Class 11 or
Class III land identified in the natural systems analysis
(C) Historic, cultural, and scenic areas designated by a state or
page 76-77
federal agency or by local government

ELEMENT
CAMA ADVANCED CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(D)
Projections of future land needs
pages 118-133
(4)
Analysis of Community Facilities
(A)
Public and Private Water Supply and Wastewater Systems
pages 90-94
(B)
Transportation Systems
page 85
(C)
Stormwater Systems
pages 97-103
(D)
Other Facilities
pages 85-97
(5)
Land Suitability Analysis
pages 104-107
(A)
Water quality;
(B)
Land Classes I, 11, and III summary environmental analysis;
(C)
Proximity to existing developed areas and, compatibility with
existing land uses;
(D)
Potential impacts of development on areas and sites designated
by local historic commission or the NC Department of Cultural
Resources as historic, culturally significant, or scenic;
(E)
Land use and development requirements of local development
regulations, CAMA Use Standards and other applicable state
regulations, and applicable federal regulations; and
(F)
Availability of community facilities, including water, sewer,
stormwater, and transportation
(6)
Review of Current CAMA Land Use Plan
pages 108-117
(A)
Consistency of existing land use and development ordinances
with current CAMA Land Use Plan policies;
(B)
Adoption of the land use plan's implementation measures by the
governing body; and
(C)
Efficacy of current policies in creating desired land use patterns
and protecting natural systems
(d) Plan for the Future
page 134
(1)
Land
Use and Development Goals:
(A)
Community concerns and aspirations identified at the beginning
of the planning process;
(B)
Needs and opportunities identified in the analysis of existing and
emerging conditions.
(2)
Policies:
pages 134-137
(A)
Shall be consistent with the goals of the CAMA, shall address the
CRC management topics for land use plans, and comply with all
state and federal rules;
(B)
Shall contain a description of the type and extent of analysis
completed to determine the impact of CAMA Land Use Plan
policies on the management topics, a description of both positive
and negative impacts of the land use plan policies on the
management topics, and a description of the policies, methods,
programs, and processes to mitigate any negative impacts on
applicable management topics;
(C)
Shall contain a clear statement that the governing body either
accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and
development in AECs or, that the local government's policies
exceed the requirements of state and federal agencies.

ELEMENT
CAMA ADVANCED CORE LAND USE ELEMENT
DISCUSSED
(3)
Land Use Plan Management Topics.
pages 138-169
(A) Public Access
page 139
(B) Land Use Compatibility .
page 141
(C) Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
page 149
(D) Natural Hazard Areas
page 155
(E) Water Quality
page 157
(F) Local Areas of Concern
page 162
(4)
Future Land Use Map
pages 177-199
(A) 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning area;
(B) Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space and a
description of compatible land use and activities;
(C) Areas and locations planned for future growth and development
with descriptions of the following characteristics:
(i) Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged
in each area;
(ii) Overall density and development intensity planned for each
area;
(iii) Infrastructure required to support planned development in
each area
(D) Areas in existing developed areas for infill, preservation, and
redevelopment;
(E) Existing and planned infrastructure, including major roads, water,
and sewer
(e) Tools for Managing Development
pages 200-209
(1)
Guide for Land Use Decision -Making
(2)
Existing Development Program
(3)
Additional Tools.
(A) Ordinances:
(i) Amendments or adjustments in existing development codes
required for consistency with the plan;
(ii) New ordinances or codes to be developed
(B) Capital Improvements Program
(C) Acquisition Program
(D) Specific Projects to Reach Goals
4
Action Plan/Schedule

SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
This Fiscal Year 2002/2003 - 2003/2004 Advanced Core CAMA Land Use Plan is prepared in
accordance with the requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA).
Specifically, this document complies with Subchapter 15A NCAC 7B, "CAMA Land Use Planning
Requirements," of the North Carolina Administrative Code, as amended, August 1, 2002.
The 7B guidelines provide that each of the twenty coastal counties prepare and adopt a CAMA
Land Use Plan that meets the planning requirements adopted by the Coastal Resources
Commission (CRC). If a county chooses not to prepare a plan, the guidelines specify that the CRC
will prepare and adopt a CAMA Land Use Plan for that county.
.In general, 7B requires that a plan include community concerns and aspirations (Section IV, page
6), analysis of existing and emerging conditions (Section V, page 9), a plan for the future including
specific land use/development goals/policies (Section VI, page 134), and tools for managing
development (Section VII, page 200). The management tools must specify the actions which
Camden County will take to ensure implementation of this plan.
The organization of this plan follows the 15A NCAC 7B requirements for preparation of a CAMA
Land Use Plan. The matrix provided on page -x- summarizes those requirements. The table of
contents of this plan, along with the matrix, reflects the organization of the 7B requirements.
At the beginning of the preparation of this document, Camden County adopted a Citizen
Participation Plan which is intended to ensure that all interested citizens have an opportunity to
participate in the development of this plan through both oral and written comments. A copy of
the Citizen Participation Plan is included as Appendix I.
Following adoption of the plan by the Camden County Board of Commissioners, itwas submitted
to the CRC for certification. Certification of the plan was achieved on June 17, 2005.
1 ':

SECTION 11. HISTORY
Camden was settled around 1650 or perhaps even earlier, the first residents drifting down from
Virginia and establishing themselves on both sides of the Pasquotank River. The first major
settlements developed around four creeks — Raymond's, Sawyer's, Areneuse, and Joy's. Dense
undergrowth and swampy bottomlands made passable roads impossible; therefore, travel was
mainly accomplished through the waterways.
When Camden County was still part of Pasquotank County, a ferry was used to cross the
Pasquotank River. During the Revolutionary Period, a charter was granted to Lemuel Sawyer, Jr.,
to operate a ferry from a point near Camden Courthouse, where the river was only about 200
yards wide. This ferry continued to operate until around 1911, when a bridge was constructed
across the river.
Since some of the early settlers came from localities in England where watermills were in
operation, this method of grinding grain was attempted here. Because the streams were sluggish,
the mills were not very efficient. Much more satisfactory were the windmills located on bluffs
along the banks of the broad Pasquotank River.
During the Revolution, Camden County furnished more soldiers to the cause of freedom than any
other northeastern county —416 officers and men. Brigadier -General Isaac Gregorywas wounded
and his horse shot from under him at the battle of Camden in South Carolina. His services to his
state did not end with the war. He was elected once to the House of Commons and re-elected
successively to the State Senate for the next eight years.
At the beginning ofthe war, the task of organizing and assembling troops of the continental army
in eastern North Carolina was assigned to Colonel Gideon Lamb, who also saw much active
service around Brandywine and Germantown. His son, Abner, a lieutenant, was wounded at the
battle of Eutaw Springs. Colonel Selby Harney served gallantly throughout the war and was
severely wounded at the siege of Charleston. Captain John Forbes, leading a company of Camden
men, was killed at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in 1781.
Other distinguished men ofthis period were Colonel Peter Dauge, joseph Jones, Colonel Dempsey
Burgess, and the Reverend Henry Abbott. Colonel Dauge performed valuable service in
assembling supplies for the colonial troops. Jones, Abbott, and Burgess were influential figures
in the state legislature during the Revolution. Colonel Burgess and his brother-in-law, Lemuel
Sawyer, have the distinction of being the only Camden natives serving as representatives in the
US Congress. Colonel Burgess is also remembered locally because he donated the site on which
historic Shiloh Baptist Church now stands.
2 '

On May 9, 1777, Camden County became a separate county from Pasquotank County and was
named in honor of Sir Charles Pratt, first Earl of Camden, England, as a token of gratitude because
of his vigorous defense of the colonists in their complaints against the mother country. The new
county was too busy with the Revolution to build a courthouse until 1782.
In 1790, General Gregorywas appointed by President George Washington to be the first collector
of customs for the Port of Camden or "Plank Bridge." This port of entry was on Sawyer's Creek
in the Camden community and was a port of considerable maritime activity, bringing commercial
benefits to the entire community. Joseph f ones made an attempt to establish a town here called
Jonesboro. Wharves and warehouses dotted the banks of the creek to Murden's Landing on the
Pasquotank River. However, due to the shallow creek and ships of heavier tonnage being built,
the once flourishing trade vanished. The port of entry was moved to Elizabeth City in 1830.
The Dismal Swamp Canal was built in the northern end of the county between the years 1793 and
1805. Dirt removed for the Canal was thrown up to form a bed for a toll road which quickly
became the route for a stagecoach line between Norfolk and Elizabeth City. Highway 17, the
original Ocean Hiway, now utilizes this roadbed. Building ofthe Canal brought economic benefits
to Camden and South Mills, where mills were erected at one of the locks. Seven men in Camden
invested in the Canal Company, buying a total of twelve shares.
On April 19,1862, a Civil War battle called the Battle of Sawyer's Lane, also known as the Battle
of South Mills, was fought near South Mills. Here, Confederate troops fought Union troops
attempting to blow up the Dismal Swamp Canal locks. After a brisk battle, the Federal troops
withdrew.
3

SECTION III. REGIONAL SETTING
Camden County is located on the northern edge of the North Carolina Coastal Plain adjacent to
the North Carolina - Virginia state line in northeast North Carolina. The county is bounded by
Pasquotank and Currituck counties, the Pasquotank and North Rivers, the Albemarle Sound, and
Virginia. Map I depicts the regional location.
Camden County's location is a key asset for its future economic development. The county is
located immediately south of the Chesapeake, Virginia metropolitan area. Downtown Norfolk
is only 33 miles from South Mills, 45 miles from Camden, and 52 miles from Shiloh. US 17 is the
county's main connection north to the Chesapeake area. US 158 is the main east -west connection
through the county. This route leads directly to the North Carolina Outer Banks which are
located by road approximately 40 miles east of the county's eastern boundary. However, in a
straight line, the Outer Banks lie 20 miles directly east of Camden County. Elizabeth City (2000
population—17,218) is located immediately west of Camden County. US 17 provides excellent
four -lane highway access as far west as Chowan County.
4

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SECTION 1V. CAMDEN COUNTY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS
KEY ISSUES
In compliance with the 15A NCAC 7B requirements and the county's Citizen Participation Plan (see
Appendix 1), Camden County conducted a county -wide meeting on February 27, 2003, to identify
issues which are important to the future of the county. The meeting was advertised in The Daily
Advance, Elizabeth City, North Carolina on February 15, 2003. In addition, letters were directly
mailed to individuals and organizations requesting attendance at the meeting. This meeting was
instrumental to the development of this plan, providing a foundation for the development of the
document. The following list of key issues is the result of comments received at the February 27,
2003, meeting and actual ranking of the identified issues by those in attendance.
Number
KEY ISSUES
Concerned
• Improve Infrastructure
32
► Reverse osmosis water treatment plant and waterline project ..........
3
► Development of infrastructure and other needed facilities
including the South Mills and Camden Village sewer systems. .........
4
► Water and Sewer future plans for expansion. .....................
4
► How far is natural gas going to extend. ..........................
2
► Focus sewer on core business areas. .................. .. ..
9
► Natural Gas in core business areas . ..............................
4
► Develop more infrastructure along business corridor .................
6
• Growth
25
► Implementation of the county's growth management plan (water & sewer)
5
► Control/restrict growth . ...................................... 16
► Control of conflicting land uses along the US 17, US 158 and
NC 343 highway corridors. ....................................
4
• Better opportunities in education.
18
• Subdivisions
15
► More restrictions on land available for subdivisions/mobile home parks.. 11
► More open space for subdivisions. ...............................
4
• Expansion of Parks and Recreation
11
• Impact fees.
11
• Expand major highways.
11
• Select Industry Development (light manufacturing, golf course).
11
• Keep farming areas and developments apart.
10
• More public access to water.
10
6

Number
KEY ISSUES
Concerned
(continued)
• More focus on economic development for Camden County.
8
• What direction are we heading in regarding the development of properties on
borderline septic systems.
7
• Retirement facilities.
7
• Business geared toward recreation.
6
• Preservation and protection of the Dismal Swamp.
4
• Storm water management.
4
• Focus on working relationships with neighboring counties.
4
• Assessment of water quality and the relationship of land use to water quality.
3
• When will we start to develop commercial properties.
3
• Affordable housing.
3
• Prime Residential (area) Community.
3
• State of Virginia's Highway 17 widening through the Dismal Swamp.
2
• Expansion of development from the Norfolk/Chesapeake urban area.
2
• Shoreline public access needs.
2
Surveys were mailed out to 408 absentee property owners. A total of 62
completed
questionnaires were received. Results of the responses to the in -county meeting and absentee
property owners were very similar. See Appendix 11 for a comparison of these results
as well as
the tabulation of additional questions from the absentee property owners survey.
B. DOMINANT GROWTH -RELATED ISSUES
Camden County's dominant growth -related issues focus on the following:
• Improving infrastructure.
• Controlling growth, especially in northern Camden County from Chesapeake, Virginia
expansion and along the US 17 corridor.
• Control of growth along the US 158 and NC 343 corridors.
• Better opportunities in education.
7

C. CAMDEN COUNTY COMMUMTY VISION
Camden County will be an area of controlled growth designed to maintain its
rural and cultural heritage. The County will provide improved infrastructure,
quality subdivisions, and expanded recreational opportunities. The county
will selectively pursue economic and industrial development, focusing on light
industries. Village areas including South Mills, Camden, and Shiloh will be
improved and protected. Future development will have as its foundation the
preservation of Camden County's quality of life, including its natural
resources. Camden County will maintain a quality school system with no
overcrowding of schools.
s

SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS
A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY
1. Camden County Permanent Population
a. Region R, North Carolina, and Camden County
North .Carolina is divided into 18 regions based on locale for the purpose of coordinating
planning efforts between neighboring counties. These designated regions are considered the
Council of Governments. Camden County is in Region R along with Chowan, Currituck, Dare,
Gates, Hyde, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington counties. It is useful to compare
the growth of Camden County to the other counties within Region R due to their geographic
proximity. Table 1 provides a summary of population change and population growth percentages
for Region R counties and North Carolina. According to the 2000 US Census, Camden County was
one of the three least populated counties in the region.
Table 1
Camden County, Region R, and North Carolina
Total Population and Percentage Change, 1970-2003
Total Population
Population % Change
County
1970
1980
1990
2000
2003
'70-'80
'80-'90 '90=
00
'00-'03
Overall
Estimate
Camden
5,453
5,829
5,904
6,885
7,754
6.9%
1.3%
16.6%
12.6%
42.2%
Chowan
10,764
12,558
13,506
14,526
14,410
16.7%
7.5%
7.6%
-0.8%
33.9%
Currituck
6,977
11,089
13,736
18,190
20,612
58.9%
23.9%
32.4%
13.3%
195.4%
Dare
6,996
13,377
22,746
29,967
33,216
91.2%
70.0%
31.7%
10.8%
374.8%
Gates
8,525
8,875
9,305
10,516
10,786
4.1%
- 4.8%
13.09.1
2.6%
26.5%
Hyde
5,570
5,873
5,411
5,826
5,758
5.4%
-7.9%
7.7%
-1.2%
3.4%
Pasquotank
26,824
28,462
31,298
34,897
36,385
6.1%
10.0%
11.5%
4.3%
35.6%
Perquimans
8,352
9,486
10,447
11,368
11,713
13.6%
10.1%
8.8%
3.0%
40.2%
Tyrrell
3,806
3,975
3,856
4,149
4,210
4.4%
-3.0%
7.6%
1.5%
10.6%
Washington
14,039
14,801
13,997
13,723
13,479
5.4%
-5.4%
-2.0%
-1.8%
-4.0%
Region R
97,306
114,325
130,206
150,047
158,323
17.5%
13.9%
15.2%
5.5%
62.7%
North
Carolina
5,084,442
5,880,095
6,632,448
8,049,313
8,417,255
15.6%
12.8%
21.4%
4.8%
65.5%
Source: US Census Bureau.

From 1970 to 2000, the county's population increased by 26.3% from 5,453 to 6,885. By
comparison, the Region R total population increased by 54.2% while the total state population
increased by 58.3%. Within three exceptions, all Region R counties had higher rates of growth.
Table 2 provides a summary of population growth by township from 1970 to 2000. The
Courthouse Township has been the fastest growing township with a 1990 to 2000 increase of
24.2%. However, the county's population is fairly evenly distributed among the three townships.
It is expected that in the next five to ten years the rate of growth of the South Mills Township
population will accelerate. Graph 1 provides a visual representation of the 2000 population
distribution by township.
Table 2
Camden County
Population Growth by Township
Township 1970 1980 1990 2000 2000 % of Total '90200 Growth
Courthouse 1,848 2,046 2,115 2,626 38.1% 24.2%
Shiloh 1,676 1,717 1,731 1,941 28.2 % 12.1%
South Mills 1,929 2,066 2,087 2,318 33.7% 11.1%
Camden County 5,453 5,829 5,933 6,885 100.0% 16.0%
NOTE: 2003 data is not available.
Source: US Census Bureau.
3z
Graph 1
Camden County
Population by Township, 2000
38%
28%
9 Courthouse 1] Shiloh El South Mills
10

Much of Camden County's population growth during the 1990s has been the result of net
in -migration. Map 2 summarizes North Carolina Population Growth from 1990 to 2000. Camden
County is described as experiencing modest growth with net in -migration. In 2003, the North
Carolina Office of State Planning estimated the county's net migration at +12.2%.
b. Camden County Population Profile
Table 3 provides a summary of the Camden County and North Carolina populations by
racial composition from 1970 to 2000. In contrast to North Carolina's total population and the
majority of eastern North Carolina counties, Camden County's white population has increased
while its black population has declined. From 1970 to 2000, the white population as a
percentage of the county's total population increased from 62.8%to 80.6%. By comparison, North
Carolina's white population as a percent of the state's total population declined from 76.8% to
72.1%. From 1970 to 2000, the Camden County black population as a percentage of total
population significantly declined from 37.0%to 17.3%. There are no significant non -white or non -
black racial groups in Camden County. Table 3 also indicates that the county's male/female
population is almost evenly split with 49.6% male and 50.4% female.
Table 3
Camden County
Racial Composition, 1970-2000
Camden County
North Carolina
Total
Percentage
Total
Percentage
1970 Population*
5,453
100.0%
5,082,059
100.0%
White
3,426
62.8%
3,901,767
76.8%
Black
2,019
37.0%
1,126,478
22.ro
Other
8
0.2%
53,814
1.0%
1980 Population*
5,829
100.0%
5,881,766
100.0%
White
3,938
67.5%
4,460,570
75.8 %
Black
1,876
32.2%
1,319,054
22.4%
Other
15
0.3%
102,142
1.8%
1990 Population**
5,904
100.0%
6,628,637
1000/0
White
4,388
74.3%
5,011,248
75.6%
Black
1,481
25.0%
1,455,340
22.0%
Asian or Pacific Islander
9
0.2%
50,395
0.8 %
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut
21
0.4%
82,606
1.2%
Other
5
0.1 %
29,048
0.4%
(continued on next page)
11

Table 3 (continued)
Camden County
North Carolina
Total
Percentage
Total
Percentage
2000 Population'
6,885
100.0%
8,049,313
100.0%
White
5,551
80.6%
5,804,656
72.1 %
Black or African American
1,189
17.3%
1,737,545 '
21.6%
Asian or Pacific Islander
41
0.6%
117,672
1.5%
American Indian and Alaska Native
29
0.41/o
99,551
1.2%
Some Other Race
9
0.1%
186,629
2.3%
Two or More Races
66
1.0%
103,260
1.3%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)**`*
49
0.7/o
378,963
4.7%
Male
3,414
49.6%
3,942,695
49.0 %
Female
3,471
50.4%
4,106,618
51.0%
*Racial breakdown available for the 1970 and 1980 Census.
"Racial breakdown available for the 1990 Census.
'Racial breakdown available for the 2000 Census.
'in the 2000 Census, the Hispanic race was not considered an ethnic group. However, this is the
number of individuals who reported being of Hispanic origin.
NOTE: 2003 data is not available.
Source: 2000 US Census.
Table 4 provides a summary of Camden County's 1990 and 2000 population by age
distribution. From 1990 to 2000, the county's median age increased from 35.2 to 39.1. However,
the percent of total population 65 years old or older decreased slightly from 14.1% in 1990 to
13.5% in 2000. The increase in the median age is primarily the result of an increase in the 35 to
64 year old population. A continuation of net in -migration may slow the rate of increase in the
age of the population. In both 1990 and 2000, the county's median age was higher than the
median age for the entire state of North Carolina. Graph 2 provides a summary of the county's
2000 population age distribution. Clearly, the largest age group was the 35 to 54 year old age
group.
12

Map 2
Population Growth 1990 to 2000
North Carolina Counties
Population Change
Net Migration
High Growth, High Net In -Migration
Modest Growth, Net In -Migration
®
Low Growth, Net In -Migration
Low Growth, Net Out -Migration
Population Loss, Net Out -Migration
Extreme Natural Incr., Net Out -Migration
7k
Camden County
Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning (2000).
N
S
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a
grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is
administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.

Table 4
Camden County and North Carolina
Age Composition, 1990 and 2000
Camden County North Carolina
1990 1990 % 2000 2000 % I 1990 1990 % 2000 2000 %
Total of Total Total of Total Total of Total Total of Total
0 to 14 years
1,176
19.9%
1,398
20.3%
1,335,416
20.1%
1,653,429
20.5%
15 to 34 years
1,708
28.9%
1,559
22.7%
2,195,661
33.1%
2,330,854
29.0%
35 to 54 years
1,561
26.4%
2,217
32.2%
1,706,316
25.7%
2,372,270
29.5%
55 to 64 years
630
10.7%
778
11.3%
586,903
8.9%
723,712
9.0%
65 to 74 years
517
8.8%
551
8.0 %
483,105
7.3%
533,777
6.6%
75 and over
312
5.3%
382
5.5%
321,236
4.9%
435,271
5.4%
Total population
5,904
100.0%
6,885
100.0%
6,628,637
8,049,313
100.0%
Median age
35.2
39.1
31.3
35.3
Source: 2000 US Census.
Graph 2
Camden County
Age Composition, 2000
Source: 2000 US Census.
14

Camden County compares favorably with North Carolina for those individuals having
graduated from high school and those
having received at least some partial college education or
Associate degree. Table 5 provides a summary of the county's 2000 educational attainment based
on persons 25 years old or older.
The county lags behind the state in the percent of its
population which has received a Bachelor's degree or Graduate/Professional degrees.
Table 5
Camden County and North Carolina
Education Attainment, 2000
Based on Persons 25 Years Old or Older
Camden County North Carolina
Total % of Total Total % of Total
Less than 9`h grade
297 6.2% 413,495 7.8%
Ninth to twelfth grade, no diploma
559 11.7% 741,229 14.0%
High school graduate
1,621 34.0% 1,502,978 28.0/o
Some college, no degree
1,144 24.0% 1,080,504 20.5%
Associate degree
376 7.9% 358,075 6.8%
Bachelor's degree
522 10.9% 808,070 15.3%
Graduate/Professional degree
251 5.3% 378,643 7.2%
Total population 25 years and over
4,770 100.0% 5,282,994 100.0%
Source: 2000 US Census.
C. Population Summary
The following provides a summary of the significant demographic factors:
• From 1970 to 2000, Camden County's population increased by 26.3%, one of the
four lowest rates of growth in Region R.
• Currently, the county's population is almost evenly distributed amongst the
county's three townships.
• The county has experienced net in -migration.
• From 1970 to 2000, Camden County's minority population has declined.
15

• 1The county's male/female population is almost evenly divided.
• From 1970 to 2000, the median age of the county's population increased.
• Through high school and Associate degree level, the county ranks ahead of the
state in educational attainment. However, for Bachelor's and Professional degree
attainment, the county ranks behind the state.
• The population trends estimated through 2003 are expected to continue through
2004.
2. Housing
a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure
According to the 2000 Census, Camden County contains a total of 2,973 dwelling units,
an increase of 507 units over the 1990 Census. Approximately 10.5% of these units are vacant,
which is in line with the state average. Out of the 89.5% that are occupied, 74.6% are owner -
occupied and 14.9% are rental properties. The percentage of owner -occupied housing in the
county is significantly higher than the state average. From 1999 to 2003, a total of 762
residential building permits were issued. All permits did not necessarily result in occupancy of
housing units. The building permit data is summarized on page 75. Table 6 provides a summary
of housing occupancy and tenure. Seasonal housing/population is discussed on page 30.
Table 6
Camden County and North Carolina
Housing Occupancy and Tenure, 1990 and 2000
Camden County
North Carolina
1990
2000
2000
Total
% of Total
Total
% of Total
% of Total
Total Housing Units
2,466
100.0%
2,973
100.0%
100.0%
Vacant
286
11.6%
311
10.5%
11.1%
Occupied:
2,180
88.0/o
2,662
89.5%
88.9%
Owner -Occupied*
1,764
71.5%
2,219
74.6%
61.6%
Renter -Occupied*
416
16.9%
443
14.9%
27.3%
Mean Monthly Housing Cost:
With a Mortgage
$995
$1,121
Without a Mortgage
$252
$ 282
*Indicates breakdown of occupied household types.
Source: US Census Bureau.
16

b. Structure Age
Table 7 indicates that in 2000, the median age of structures in Camden County was 18.
In addition, approximately 44% of the county's structures were built prior to 1970. Based on the
table below, residential development has remained steady in the county. Approximately 27 % of
the residential structures in the county have been built since 1990.
Table 7
Camden County
Housing Structure, 2000
Number of
Year Structures % of Total
1999 to March, 2000 165 5.5%
1995 to 1998 363 12.2%
1990 to 1994 284 9.6%
1980 to 1989 407 13.7%
1970 to 1979 459 15.4%
1960 to 1969 377 12.7%
1940 to 1959 562 18.9%
1939 or earlier 356 12.0%
Total Structures 2,973 100.0% -
Median Year Structure Built 1974
Source: US Census Bureau.
C. Housing Conditions
Table 8 provides a summary of existing household size, as well as the percentage of units
lacking general household needs. The statistics in this table provide a good summary of the
condition of the county's housing stock.
Homes in Camden County are significantly larger than the state overall. The percentage
of homes in the county with 3+ bedrooms is 73.6%, compared to 60.8% for the state overall. The
percent of homes lacking complete kitchen facilities is slightly lower than state averages, while
the percentage of homes lacking complete plumbing facilities is slightly higher than the state
average.
17

Table 8
Camden County and North Carolina
Housing Conditions
Camden County
North Carolina
Average Rooms Per Unit
6.1
5.5
Percent with no bedroom
0.9%
1.1%
Percent with 3+ bedrooms
73.6%
60.8%
Percent lacking complete kitchen facilities
0.6%
1.1%
Percent lacking complete plumbing
1.8%
1.1%
Percent occupied with telephones
86.7%
86.2%
Source: US Census Bureau.
d. Single and Multi -Family Units
Table 9 provides the number of single-family housing units versus multi -family units and
the number of mobile homes in Camden County. Camden County has a substantially greater
amount of single -unit detached housing (80.3%) than the state average (64.4%), while the
percentage of multi -family housing is much lower than the state. The percentage of residential
structures in the county comprised of mobile homes is comparable to the state average.
Table 9
Camden County and North Carolina
Units in Structure and Mobile Home Count, 2000
Camden County
Units in Structure
Total
% of Total
1-unit, detached
2,386
80.3%
1-unit, attached
15
0.5%
2 units
12
0.4%
3 or 4 units
8
0.3%
5 to 9 units
24
0.8%
10 to 19 units
10
0.3%
20 units or more
0
0.0%
Mobile home
499
16.8%
Boat, RV, van, etc.
19
0.6%
Total
2,973
100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
18
North Carolina
% of Total
64.4%
3.0%
2.5%
3.2%
4.3%
3.2%
2.9%
16.4%
0.2%
100.0%

e. General Housing
Camden County has participated in several housing rehabilitation programs overtheyears.
The most recent funding came in the form of a CDBG Scattered Site Housing Program. In this
project, ten homes will be treated at a cost of $29,999 apiece. Other recent projects undertaken
bythe county were an Infrastructure and Housing rehabilitation project to address the Bloodfield
area, and treatment following Hurricane Floyd. The Bloodfield area project served fifty
properties, and also involved the widening of several roads to accommodate infrastructure
upgrades. Subsequent to Hurricane Floyd, seven properties were acquired by the county through
the state's HMGP Buyout Program, and several other properties were repaired through the Repair
and Rehabilitation Grant Program.
f. Housing Summary
• According to the 2000 US Census, Camden County contains a total of 2,973
dwelling units, of which approximately 10.5% are. vacant. Out of the 89.5%
occupied units, 74.6% are owner -occupied and 14.9% are rental properties.
• The median age of all residential structures in the county is 18 years, while
approximately 44 % of all housing units were built prior to 1970.
• The percentage of homes in Camden County with 3+ bedrooms is 73.6%,
compared to 60.8 % for the state overall.
• Camden County has a substantially greater amount of single -unit detached housing
(80.3%) than the state average (64.4%).
• The percentage of mobile homes in the county is comparable to the state average.
• The building permit activity shown through 2003 is expected to continue in 2004,
and maintain at least 100 to 150 additional residential permits per year.
19

3. Employment and Economy
a. Introduction (General Economic Indicators)
Camden County ranks in the lower percentile of NC counties in nearly all economic
categories. This can mainly be attributed to the size and rural nature of the county. These two
factors attribute to a smaller population size, 97th out of 100 North Carolina counties, and in turn
limited industrial development. Table 10 provides a summary of economic indicators for Camden
County and the State of North Carolina. Due to the lack of available data, the figures provided
in Table 10 are from several different years: Camden County ranks in the lower 50th percentile
in all three key economic indicators at the state level: gross retail sales, per capita income, and
average annual wage. The unemployment rate for the county is significantly lower than the state
overall. The poverty rate is slightly lower than the state, while the percentage of persons in the
workforce is comparable to the state level.
Table 10
Camden County and North Carolina
Summary of Economic Indicators
Year Camden County NC Rank
Gross Retail Sales (per capita) FY00-01 $27,647,667 99
Per Capita Income 1999 $21,115 61
Average Annual Wage 2000 $21,408 63
Unemployment Rate
Unemployment Rate
% of Population in Labor Force
Active Job Applicants
Poverty Rate
Camden County North Carolina
2000 Annual 2.5%
November 2002 2.8% 5.5%"
2000 49.2% 49.0/o
2001 336
2000 10.1 % 12.3%
*North Carolina comparison is not applicable
**State unemployment rate is for 2001.
Source: NC Department of Commerce.
20

b. Household Income
Household Income is an effective way to evaluate the overall wealth of an area. Table 11
provides the number of individuals within varying income brackets, and how these figures
compare to state percentages. Camden County's household incomes are very similar to state
percentages. The number of low-income households is lower
than many rural counties in the
state, with 66% of households
making over $35,000.
Table 11
Camden County
Household Income, 2000
Camden County
North Carolina
Total % of Total
% of Total
Less than $10,000
123 6.0%
5.9%
$10,000 to $14,999
81 4.0%
4.6
$15,000 to $24,999
155 7.6%
11.8%
$25,000 to $34,999
332 16.3%
13.1%
$35,000 to $49,999
419 20.5%
18.71/o
$50,000 to $74,999
477 23.4%
22.9%
$75,000 to $99,999
264 12.9%
11.1%
$100,000 to $149,999
156 7.7%
7.6%
$150,000 to $199,999
33 1.6 %
2.1 %
$200,000 or more
0 0.0 %
2.2%
Total Families
2,040 100.0%
100.0%
Source: 2000 US Census.
C. Employment By Industry
Table 12 provides a summary of employment by industry in Camden County for those
persons 16 years and over. The leading employment industries are education, health, and social
services (21.69/o), and retail trade (14.3%). The industries with the least employment are wholesale
trade (0.39/o), and information (0.8%).
21

Table 12
Camden County
Employment By Industry, 2000
Industry
# Employed
% Employed
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Mining
116
3.7%
Construction
265
8.6%
Manufacturing
317
10.2%
Wholesale Trade
8
0.3%
Retail Trade
443
14.3%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities
238
7.7%
Information
25
0.8%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Rental and Leasing
149
4.8%
Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative,
240
7.7%
and Waste Management Services
Education, Health, and Social Services
669
21.6%
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, and
94
3.0%
Food Services
Other Services (except Public Administration)
163
5.3%
Public Administration
372
12.0%
Total Persons Employed 16 Years and Over
3,099
100.0%
Source: US Census Bureau.
It should be noted that the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining employment data that
has been provided is somewhat misleading because the figures reflect insured employment and
do not include many seasonal, migratory workers. Although the exact number of individuals
employed in these industries is unknown, this sector of industry only employs a small number of
individuals within Camden County. Beyond these figures, there is no quantitative method to track
seasonal employment. Although farming is not a large employer within the county, it is a
significant contributor to the county's economy. Table 13 provides a summary of agricultural data
for Camden County.
22

Table 13
Camden County
Agricultural Data
Agriculture Cash Receipts (2002)
Dollars
Rank
Livestock
$995,000
92
Crops
$15,432,000
65
Total
$16,427,000
83
Census of Agriculture (1997)
Number of Farms
76
Total Land in Farms, Acres
51,685
Average Farm Size, Acres
680
Harvested Cropland, Acres
46,865
Average Age of Farmers
56
Average Value of Farm and Buildings
$1,053,186
Market Value of all Machinery and Equipment
$18,149,000
Total Farm Production Expense
$14,455,000
Crops (2001) Acres Harv.
Yield Production
Rank
Tobacco, lbs.
Cotton, 480 lb. bales 850
960 1,700
45
Soybeans, bu. 27,700
39 1,062,000
16
Corn, bu. 17,100
134 2,290,000
13
Corn for Silage, tons
Peanuts, lbs. *
•
Small Grains:
Wheat, bu. 11,700
46 640,000
8
Barley, bu.
"
Oats, bu. "
Sweet Potatoes, cwt.
•
Irish Potatoes, cwt. 3,300
205 669,000
2
All Hay, tons •
*
•
Sorghum, bu. 200
75 15,000
11
Livestock
Number
Rank
Hogs and Pigs (December 1, 2001)
3,200
55
Cattle Qanuary 1, 2001)
12,000
30.
Beef Cows Qanuary 1, 2002)
6,200
28
Milk Cows Qanuary 1, 2002)
1,000
20
Equine
1,500
"
Broilers Produced (2001)
*
"
Turkeys Raised (2001)
"
All Chickens (December 1, 2001)
NOTE: Entries designated with an asterisk (*) were not published
if there were fewer than 50 harvested acres of a
specific crop, 500 hogs, 200 beef or milk cows, 500 total cattle, 200,000 broilers, 300,000 turkeys, or 5,000 chickens
in the county.
Source: NC Department of Agriculture.
23

Camden County ranks 83 in total agricultural production within North Carolina. This low
ranking is slightly skewed due the county's low rank (92) in livestock production. The county is
the second largest producer of Irish Potatoes in the state, and also produces a significant amount
of the state's wheat and sorghum.
d. Earnings By Industry
Table 14 gives an overview of the total earnings by industry within Camden County. State
and local government has been a strong contributor to the county's economy, making up 26.1%
of total earnings. Other top industries include Professional Services (23.79/.), Retail Trade (10.2%),
and Farming (9.7%). Camden County has experienced a significantly higher percentage (9.7%) of
earnings in the farm industry than North Carolina (1.45%). State and local government earnings
in Camden County have also been higher (26.19/6) than North Carolina averages (11.5%).
Table 14
Camden County
Earnings by Industry, 2000
Earnings in
Industry
Millions
% of Total
Farming
2.02
9.7 %
Agricultural Services, Other
0.20
1.0%
Mining .
0.00
0.0%
Construction
1.78
8.6%
Manufacturing
1.79
8.6%
Transportation, Communication, and Public Utilities
0.98
4.7%
Wholesale Trade
0.95
4.6%
Retail Trade
2.12
10.2%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
0.11
0.5%
Professional Services
4.92
23.7%
Federal Civilian Government
0.34
1.6%
Federal Military
0.13
0.6%
State and Local Government
5.43
26.1%
Total Earnings
20.77
100.0%
Source: Woods and Poole CEDDS.
24

Table 15 provides a listing of average weekly wages by industry. The categories for
industry are different than the ones listed in Table 14 because the information was obtained from
different data sources. The industry yielding the highest wages in Camden County is Finance,
Insurance, and Real Estate ($679.27). Across the board, wages in Camden County are significantly
lower than state averages, with the exception of Agriculture where the county's average weekly
wage is $176.24 higher than the state average.
Table 15
Camden County
Wages by Industry, 2000
Average Weekly Earnings
Industry Camden County North Carolina
Agriculture $559.24 $383.00
Construction $387.94 $571.00
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate $679.27 $844.00
Government $571.81 $621.00
Manufacturing $441.13 $689.00
Retail Trade $227.28 $334.00
Wholesale Trade $606.20 $733.00
Service $502.95 $550.00
Transportation, Communications, Public Utilities $541.09 $757.00
Source: NC Department of Commerce.
e. Employment Commuting Patterns
According to the 2000 US Census, only twenty-four percent (2451o') of Camden County's
working age population is employed within Camden County. A majority of the citizens travel to
work outside of the county, primarily to Pasquotank County to the west and the Tidewater
Virginia region to the north.
Currently, twenty-two percent (2296), or 700 of the county's 3,151 employed citizens are
commuting to the Tidewater Virginia region for employment. Municipalities providing job
opportunities within this region are comprised of: Chesapeake, Newport News, Norfolk,
Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg. Due to the significant number of
commuters traveling to this area, there is an increased impact on traffic flow along US
25

Highway 17. Tables 16 and 17 provide a summary of travel times and work destinations for the
citizens of Camden County.
Table 16
Camden County
Travel Times to Work
Travel Time Total % of Total
Less than five minutes
96
3.1%
5 to 9 minutes
214
7.0%
10 to 14 minutes
298
9.8%
15 to 19 minutes
478
15.6%
20 to 24 minutes
437
14.3%
25 to 29 minutes
177
5.8%
30 to 34 minutes
359
11.8%
35 to 39 minutes
60
1.9%
40 to 44 minutes
118
3.9%
45 to 59 minutes
314
10.3 %
60 to 89 minutes
345
11.3%
90 minutes or more
159
5.2%
Total
3,055
100.0%
Mean travel time: 32.4 minutes
Source: 2000 US Census.
Table 17
Camden County
Travel Times — Commuter Destinations
Work Destination
Commuters
% of Total
Bertie County
12
0.4%
Camden County
724
23.7%
Chowan County
18
0.6%
Currituck County
169
5.5%
Dare County
90
2.9%
Hyde County
12
0.4%
Pasquotank County
1,249
40.9%
Perquimans County
43
1.0/o
Wake County
6
0.2%
Washington County
24
0.8%

Table 17 (continued)
Work Destination
Commuters
% of Total
Chesapeake, VA
180
5.9%
Newport News, VA
9
0.3%
Norfolk, VA
269
8.8%
Portsmouth, VA
110
3.6%
Suffolk, VA
12
0.4%
Virginia Beach, VA
98
3.2%
Williamsburg, VA
9
0.3%
Elsewhere
21
0.7%
Total
3,055
100.0%
Source: 2000 US Census.
f. Industries
Camden County is extremely limited in terms of industrial development. The following
table lists all industrial employers
within the county. Again, this lack of industrial growth can be
attributed to a small overall
workforce and geographical location.
Table 18
Camden County
Industries
Year
Company
Township
Product
Employees Established
Meiggs, WE & Sons Logging
Camden
Logging
12
Ambrose Signs Company
Camden
Signs and advertising
12 1945
Dunavant's Welding and
Camden
Fabricated structural
5 1973
Steel Company
steep
Atlantic Screenprint
South Mills
Automotive trimmings
4 1976
Southern Woodworks
South Mills
Cabinets
1 2000
Cabinetry
Source: NC Department of Commerce.
27 '

g. Employment and Economy Summary
• Camden County ranks in the lower 50' percentile in all three of the key economic
indicators at the state level: gross retail sales, per capita income, and average
annual wage.
• The unemployment rate for the county as of November 2002 (2.89/o) is significantly
dower than the state average (5.5%).
• The poverty rate is slightly lower than the state, while the percentage of persons
in the workforce is comparable to the state overall.
• The number of low-income households in Camden County is lowerthan many rural
counties in the state, with 66% of households making over $35,000.
• The leading employment industries in the county are education, health, and social
services employing 21.6% of the population, and retail trade at 14.3%. The
industries employing the least number of individuals are wholesale trade (0.3%) and
information (0.8%).
• Camden County ranks 83 in total agricultural production within North Carolina.
This low ranking is slightly skewed due to the county's low rank (92) in livestock
production.
• The industries in the county posting the highest earnings are state and local
government accounting for 26.1%of total earnings, professional services at 23.7%,
and retail trade at 10.2%.
• Across the board, wages in Camden County are significantly lower than state
averages, with the exception of agriculture. The county's average weekly wage in
this sector is $176.24 higher than the state average.
• Nearly forty-five percent (45%) of Camden County's working age population
commutes thirty minutes or more to work daily.
• Forty-one percent (41 %) of working age citizens within Camden County commute
to Pasquotank County for their occupation.
28

4. Population Projections
Table 19 provides Camden County population projections through 2015. These projections were
prepared by the North Carolina Office of State Planning. According to those projections, Camden
County is expected to have the third highest rate of growth within Region R through 2015. This
reflects the influx of growth which is expected from the Chesapeake metropolitan area. By 2015,
the county's total population is expected to have increased by approximately 1,500 people.
Table 19
Region R Population Projections, 2000-2015
2003
% Change
Location
2000
Estimate
2005
2010
2015
'00-15
Camden
6,885
7,754
7,455
7,905
8,414
22.2%
Chowan
14,526
14,410
14,929
15,448
15,919
9.6%
Currituck
18,190
20,612
20,591
22,644
24,917
37.0%
Dare
29,967
33,216
33,697
36,681
39,868
33.0%
Gates
10,516
10,786
10,960
11,516
11,991
14.0%
Hyde
5,826
5,758
5,922
6,141
6,267
7.6%
Pasquotank
34,897
36,385
36,325
37,864
39,373
12.8%
Perquimans
11,368
11,713
11,811
12,127
12,482
9.8%
Tyrrell
4,149
4,210
4,291
4,460
4,576
10.3%
Washington
13,723
13,479
13,457
13,285
13,039
-5.0%
Region R Totals
150,047
158,323
159,438
168,071
176,846
17.9%
North Carolina
8,049,313
8,417,255
8,783,752
9,491,372
10,226,897
27.1%
Source: North Carolina Office of State
Planning.
From 1990 to 2000, the seasonal housing units in Camden County only increased from 74 to 76.
It is difficult, if not impossible, to forecast increases in seasonal housing. However, it is believed
that increased development pressure from the Chesapeake metropolitan area may result in
increased seasonal housing. It is assumed that an additional two seasonal houses will be
constructed in each of the five year periods ending 2005, 2010, and 2015.
According to a study prepared by East Carolina University of recreational populations for North
Carolina coastal communities ("Characterization of Baseline Demographic Trends in the Year -
Round and Recreational Populations in the Albemarle Pamlico Estuarine Study Area," Paul D.
29

Tschetter, Greenville NC; East Carolina University,1987), a reasonable average number of persons
per household occupying seasonal housing units is 4.5. This average occupancy was utilized to
forecast peak seasonal population. Peak seasonal population assumes that on the peak day all
seasonal units are occupied. Table 20 provides a summary of permanent and peak seasonal
population forecasts.
In an effort to address population increase and its impact on the Camden County School System,
the Camden County Board of Education hired a consultant to establish detailed demographic
projections regarding population and housing. These estimates utilized several different
statistical methodologies that resulted in a wide range of outcomes. For the purposes of this
plan, all demographic projections have come from the North Carolina Office of State Planning.
For comparison purposes, the report compiled for the Camden County Board of Education has
been attached as Appendix VII.
Table 20
Camden County
Permanent and Peak Seasonal Population Forecast, 2000-2015
2000
2005
2010
2015
Permanent Population' 6,885
7,455
7,905
8,414
Peak Seasonal Population'" 342
351
360
369
(76 units)
(78 units)
(80 units)
(82 units)
Total 7,227
7,806
8,265
8,783
Source: *NC Office of State Planning;'"Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003).
B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features
a. Topography/Geology
Camden County is located on the North CarolinaNirginia state line in the northeastern
section of the state. It is bordered by Pasquotank and Currituck counties. Camden County
consists of 150,557 acres, or roughly 242 square miles. Elevation in the county ranges from near
sea level to 24 feet above sea level at the western edge of the Great Dismal Swamp. The
Pasquotank River runs along the southwestern border of the county and the North River runs
along the southeastern border of the county. The forest growth consists chiefly of old field pine,
post oak, white oak, red oak, black oak, red maple, poplar,. hickory, and a few birch.
Kai;

b. Climate
In Camden County, summers are hot and generally humid because of moist, maritime air,
but sea breezes often times cool coastal areas. Winters are cool with short cold periods mainly
because the mountains to the west protect the area against many cold waves. Precipitation is
evenly distributed throughout the year and is adequate for all crops. Snow rarely occurs in
Camden County.
In winter, the average temperature is 42 degrees Fahrenheit and the average daily
minimum temperature is 32 degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which occurred on
January 13, 1962, is 4 degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 77 degrees and the
average daily maximum temperature is 86 degrees. The highest recorded temperature, which
occurred on July 23, 1952, is 105 degrees.
The total average annual precipitation is about 49 inches. Of this, 27 inches, or about 55
percent, usually falls in April through September. The growing season for most crops falls within
this period. In 2 years out of 10, the rainfall in April through September is less than 22 inches.
The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was 6.7 inches on October 20, 1968.
Thunderstorms occur on about 44 days each year.
The average seasonal snowfall is about 2 inches However, Camden County received 15-20
inches of snow in January 2003.
The average relative humidity in midafternoon is about 65%. Humidity is higher at night,
and the average at dawn is about 80%. The sun shines 60% of the time during daylight hours in
summer and about 50%in winter. The prevailing wind is from the southwest. Average windspeed
is highest, 13 miles per hour, in winter.
C. Flood Hazard Areas
Based on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS) for Camden County, approximately sixty-
seven percent (67%) of the county is located in a flood hazard area. The new flood maps were
established under the North Carolina Flood Mapping Program, and were adopted by Camden
County on October 5, 2004.
31

The locations of flood zone areas within the county are shown on Map 3. Twenty-one
percent (219o') of the county falls within an A flood zone, approximately forty percent (405'/o) falls
within an AE zone, approximately one percent (19o/) within the AEFW or Floodway zone, and five
percent (5%) within the Shaded X zone. Additionally, roughly three percent (39/o) of the county falls
within a non -encroachment zone, a newly established Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) floodplain designation. The non -encroachment zone was created to identify low-lying
areas where development was previously allowed, but now may not be allowed. In -field
assessment of these areas is required. The remaining floodplain designations listed above are
defined as follows:
Zone A: Zone A is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the one percent
annual chance floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by approximate
methods of analysis. Because detailed hydraulic analyses are not performed for such areas, no
base flood elevations or depths are shown within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase
requirements apply.
Zone AE: Zone AE is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the one percent
annual chance floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by detailed methods
of analysis. In most instances, base flood elevations derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses
are shown at selected intervals within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase
requirements apply.
Zone AEFW (Floodway): The floodway is the channel of a stream, plus any adjacent
floodplain areas that must be kept free of encroachment so that the one percent annual chance
flood can be carried without substantial increases in flood heights.
Zone Shaded X: Zones B, C, and X are the flood insurance rate zones that correspond to
areas outside the one percent annual chance floodplain, areas of one percent annual chance sheet
flow flooding where average depths are less than one foot, areas of one percent annual chance
stream flooding where the contributing drainage area is less than one square mile, or areas
protected from the one percent annual chance flood by levees. No base flood elevations or
depths are shown in this zone. Flood insurance purchase is not required in these zones.
Acreage figures for portions of Camden County that fall within a FEMA-designated flood
zone are provided in Table 21.
32

Map 3
Subba!
03-01-!
\
South Mills
l
Y L�~
�0,
1
1 e
t
Albemarle Sound
' — — — — — — — — — — — r
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Flood Hazard
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
\ J
Subbasin 03-01-50
Hydrology
Street Center Line
Non -Encroach Areas
Flood Zone
A
AE
AEFW
SHADED X
No Flood Hazard
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
N
W E
S
The egar — d ft. —P was financed m Pan
Mroagh a grant M Mea by me Nona Cerdina
C -I ManayarnxiPmgram.lbragtrmm�s pnv .
by Me CM,W Z na Management Aq of 1972. as
amentlatl. e— le ed--.n aY Me OMof
Ocean and Costa Resource Menage- National
O me aM Abnospberk Adrinistr _
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
33

Table 21
Camden County
Flood Hazard Areas
Camden
County
Subbasin
03-01-50
Subbasin 03-01-54
(Total Acres 150,557)
(Total Acres 111,880)
(Total Acres 38,677)
Acres
% of Total
Acres
% of Total
Acres
% of Total
A
32,038.6
21.3%
31,085.0
27.8%
953.6
2.5 %
AE
59,949.8
39.8%
34,135.1
30.5%
25,814.7
66.7%
AEFW
2,119.6
1.4%
2,119.6
1.9 %
—
—
Shaded X
7,440.6
4.9%
5,917.2
5.3%
1,523.4
3.9%
TOTAL
101,548.6
67.4%
73,256.9
65.5%
28,291.8
73.1%
Non- 5,081.8
encroachment
• The data included regarding subbasins relates only to the portions of the subbasin located within
Camden County.
Source: FEMA and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (October, 2004)
The greatest storm surge impact will occur from hurricanes. Map 4 shows the general
areas of Camden County which may be affected by hurricane -generated storm surge.
While a considerable amount of Camden County lies within the floodplain, the greatest
threat is flooding resulting from storm surge and local ponding of water. Approximately nine
percent (9%) of the county's planning jurisdiction would be inundated during a Category One and
Category Two hurricane. Thirty-two percent (329ol) of the county would be inundated during a
Category Three hurricane and seventy-four (74%) inundated during a Category Four and Category
Five hurricane.
The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a rating system based on hurricane intensity. Within
each category is a description of wind speed, storm surge, and estimated damages. Examples of
each category are noted.
34

Map 4
—L17
Subbas
03-01-5
South Mills
a
Subbasin
C 03-01-54
f
343
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Hurricane Inundation
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
Hydrology
Storm Surge
Category 1 and Category 2
Category 3
Category 4 and 5
i
" The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
Tlb D�eLext On Of rb19 PPC '�911f5rcpO In caR
Cw�inllAsivye2 Prapv!,hvgh Ands Bran e::
D/ "bB :09sb11 20nB bfE,9pan.M Ac[ cf Offs- ib
•Ni+ �-tl by M Olfirn
Ownn a tl C:BSIe1LRae^.Yw '.1m1{I!1'YI'1. N9G41BI
Gtt�nc Inc n:T�CNanc lganD:4'A�
35

Category One Hurricane: Winds 74-95 mph. Storm surge generally 4-5 feet above normal.
No significant damage to permanent structures. Damage limited to unanchored mobile homes,
shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed areas. Limited coastal road flooding
and minor pier damage may occur. Hurricanes Allison and Noel of 1995 were Category One
hurricanes at peak intensity.
Category Two Hurricane: Winds 96-110 mph. Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal.
Some roofing material, door, and window damage to buildings. Considerable damage to
shrubbery and trees. Some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly
constructed signs, and piers. Coastal and low-lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before the
arrival of the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings. Hurricane
Bertha of 1996 was a Category Two hurricane when it hit the North Carolina coast.
Category Three Hurricane: Winds 111-130 mph. Storm surge generally 9-12 feet above
normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount
of curtainwall failures. Foliage blown off trees. Large trees blown down. Mobile homes and
poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with
larger structures damaged by floating debris. Terrain lower than five feet above mean sea level
may be flooded eight miles inland. Evacuation of low-lying residences within several block of the
shoreline may be required. Hurricane Fran of 1996 was a Category Three hurricane.
Category Four Hurricane: Winds 131-155 mph. Storm surge generally 13-18 feet above
normal. More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failures on small
residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes.
Extensive damage to doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be covered by -rising
water 3-5 hours before the arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to the lower floors of
structures near the shore. Terrain lower than ten feet above sea level may be flooded, requiring
the massive evacuation of residential areas as far inland as six miles. Hurricanes Opal and Hugo
were Category Four hurricanes at peak intensitywhen they struck the Florida and South Carolina
coasts, respectively. Both storms eventually passed over the western part of North Carolina. At
this time, wind speeds had dropped to tropical storm force winds.
Category Five Hurricane: Winds greater than 155 mph. Storm surge generally greater than
18 feet. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete
building failures with small utility buildings blown down. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown
down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage.
Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before the arrival of the hurricane
center. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than 15 feet above sea level
36

and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground
within 5-10 miles of the shoreline may be required. Hurricane Gilbert of 1988 was a Category Five
hurricane at peak intensity and is the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone of record. Gilbertpassed
over Jamaica, the Yucatan Peninsula, and Northern Mexico.
d. Man-made Hazards/Restrictions
There are no significant man-made hazards within Camden County's planning jurisdiction.
The EPA requires that facilities report certain chemical substances located on site. Specifically,
under this regulatory requirement, facilities with chemicals on the EPA's list of Extremely
Hazardous Substances present in a quantity equal to or in excess of their established Threshold
Planning Quantity or a 500 pound threshold (whichever number is less), as well as any hazardous
chemical present on site in a quantity equal to or greater than 10,000 pounds must be included
on an annual report called the Tier 11. This report must be submitted by March 15t of each year
to the North Carolina Emergency Response Commission, the Local Emergency Planning
Committee, and the local fire department with jurisdiction over the reporting facility. Only one
facility submitted a Tier 11 report in Camden County for 2003. That facility is Albemarle Propane
located at 149 Highway 158 West, Camden, NC 27921.
The Chesapeake &Albemarle Railroad which traverses the county on its way from Edenton
to Chesapeake, Virginia could be considered a potential man-made hazard. The following are
facilities that use this railroad:
Table 22
Chesapeake & Albemarle Railroad Customers
Facility Name
Location
Albemarle Builders
Elizabeth City, NC
Albemarle Distribution
Elizabeth City, NC
Royster Clark
Shawboro, NC
Central Grain
Elizabeth City, NC
Universal Forest Products
Elizabeth City, NC
Currituck Grain
Shawboro, NC
Hobbs Implement
Edenton, NC
Lebanon Agricorp
Chesapeake, VA
Lebanon Agricorp
Shawboro, NC
C.A. Perry & Sons
Edenton, NC
Commercial Ready -Mix
Edenton, NC
Coastal Ready -Mix
Moyock, NC
37

Table 22 (continued)
Facility Name
Location
Roberts Bros.
Shawboro, NC
Southern States
Hertford, NC
United Piece & Die
Edenton, NC
IMC
Elizabeth City, NC
Vulcan Materials
Elizabeth City, NC
F.P. Wood & Son
Camden, NC
Source: Camden County.
e. Soils
A detailed soils survey was issued for Camden County in July 1995. That report, Soil
Survey of Camden County, North Carolina, identifies 24 soils series located in the county. The
soils series are located on Map 5, and their characteristics are summarized in Table 23.
Twenty-one of the 24 soil series have severe limitations for septic tank usage. The Bojac
loamy sand (BoA) and State fine sandy loams (StA and StB) soil types have moderate limitations
for septic tank usage but can accommodate conventional septic tank systems. However, these
three soils series occupy only small areas, 1.79% of the county's total area.
The soils with moderate limitations for septic tank usage are scattered in the South Mills,
Camden, and Shiloh village areas and along NC 343 from South Mills to Camden, and north of US
158 east of Camden.
It is significant that fourteen of the soil series in Camden County are hydric soils. Those
fourteen include: Belhaven muck, Cape Fear silt loam, Chowan silt loam, Dorovan muck, Hobonny
muck, Hyde silt loam, Nimmo silt loam, Perquimans silt loam, Portsmouth sandy loam, Pungo
muck, Roanoke silt loam, Roper muck, Tomotley fine sandy loam, and Wasda muck. A hydric soil
is a soil which is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to
develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (anaerobic is defined as a situation in which
molecular oxygen is absent from the environment.) These soils may meet the definition of 404
wetland areas if found in combination with certain hydrophyti c vegetation and require permitting
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington Office prior to any disturbance.
K1`:j

Subbasi
03-01-51
J
�1
South Mills
1
Albemarle Sound
1 _——— — — — — ——
i
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
Map 5
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Soil Classification
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
MuA
I 1
Subbasin 03-01-50
HyA
DCamden
County
NSA
7 VPeA
Street Center Line
Hydrology
PuA
Soil Types
ROA `
AaA
RpA
-
AtA
SeA
BaA
StA
BoA
4
StB
CfA'
i
ToA `
-
ChA
Ud
DoA `
4M
YeA
HoA'
' Hydric Soils
" The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
71H GlaLeretoA UI Tlf rqC 'wee Arert»e In �qt
ytmv0+ a )ve �v�M,. of ,na NmiM1 :_.n-,n.
CmdalfAaroy z.. Tapa,v,IhwQhhnde crvn:._
Lf die do,aW� 2v-e
�qe�e tie PdeLL
etl,kc1mmrtyatev�dEdnWbkyk Oft,
Ownn S1-1lanml
,Ama�-zm,
39

Table 23
Camden County
Soil Series Characteristics
Map Soil
Symbol Series
Slope
Depth to
Seasonal High
HZO Table (ft)
Flooding
Frequency
(Surface)
Dwellings without
Basements
Streets & Roads
Septic Tanks
Total
Acreage
% of Each
Soil
AaA
Altavista fine sandy
0-2%
1.5 to 2.5 ft.
none
Moderate: wetness
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
2,663.65
1.72%
loam
wetness, low
strength
AtA
Augusta fine sandy
0-2%
1 to 2 feet
none
Severe:
Moderate:
Severe: wetness
1,217.27
0.79%
loam
wetness
wetness, low
strength
BaA
Belhaven muck
0-2%
0 to lfoot
none
Severe:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness,
12,020.74
7.75%
wetness, low
peres slowly
strength
BoA
Bojac loamy sand
0-3%
4 to 6 feet
none
Slight
Slight
Moderate: wetness
1,831.41
1.18%
CfA
Cape Fear silt loam
0-2%
0 to 1.5 feet
none
Severe:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
2,940.54
1.90%
wetness
strength, wetness
peres slowly
ChA
Chapanoke silt loam
0-2%
0.5 to 1.5 feet
none
Severe:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
1,824.41
1.18%
wetness
strength, wetness
peres slowly
CoA
Chowan silt loam
0-2%
0 to 0.5 foot
Frequent:
Severe: flooding,
Severe: low
Severe: flooding
5,352.77
3.45%
very long
wetness
strength, wetness,
wetness, peres
Nov -Apr
flooding
slowly
DoA
Dorovan muck
0-1ib
-0.5 to 1 foot
Frequent:
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
27,339.97
17.63%
very long
flooding, ponding
ponding, flooding
flooding, ponding
Jan -Dec
HoA
Hobonny muck
0-1%
-0.5 to 1 foot
Frequent:
Severe: flooding,
Severe: ponding,
Severe: flooding,
1,416.93
0.91%
very long
low strength
flooding
ponding
Jan -Dec
ponding
HyA
Hyde silt loam
0-2%
0 to 1.5 feet
none
Severe:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
6,422.15
4.14%
wetness
strength, wetness
peres slowly
MuA
Munden loamy sand
0-2%
1.5 to 2.5 ft.
none
Moderate: wetness
Moderate:
Severe: wetness,
1,908.59
1.23%
wetness
poor filter
NoA
Nimmo sandy loam
0-2%
0 to 1 foot
none
Severe:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness,
1,787.31
1.15%
wetness
poor filter
40

Table 23 (continued)
Depth to
Flooding
Map
Soil
Seasonal High
Frequency
Dwellings without
Total
% of Each
Symbol
Series
Slope
H2O Table (ft)
(Surface)
Basements
Streets & Roads
Septic Tanks
Acreage
Soil
PeA
Perquimans silt loam
0-2%
0 to 1 foot
none
Severe:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
16,957.04
10.94%
wetness
strength, wetness
peres slowly
PtA
Portsmouth fine sandy
0-2%
0 to 1 foot
none
Severe:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness,
7,159.14
4.62%
loam
wetness
poor filter
PuA
Pungo muck
0-2%
0 to 1 foot
none
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
Severe: subsides,
23,377.44
15.08%
wetness, low
wetness, low
wetness,
strength
strength
peres slowly
RoA
Roanoke silt loam
0-2%
0 to 1 foot
none
Severe:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
13,116.60
8.46%
wetness
strength, wetness
peres slowly
RpA
Roper muck
0-2%
0 to 1.5 feet
none
Severe:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
5,998.40
3.87%
wetness
strength, wetness
peres slowly
SeA
Seabrook fine sand
0-2%
2 to 4 feet
none
Moderate: wetness
Moderate: wetness
Severe: wetness,
795.72
0.51%
poor filter
StA
State fine sandy loam
0-2%
3 to 5 feet
none
Slight
Moderate: low
Moderate: wetness,
756.50
0.49%
strength
peres slowly
StB
State fine sandy loam
2-6%
3 to 5 feet
none
Slight
Moderate: low
Moderate: wetness,
192.27
0.12%
strength
peres slowly
ToA
Tomotley fine sandy
0-2%
0 to 1 foot
none
Severe:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness,
12,985.26
8.37%
loam
wetness
peres slowly
Ud
Udorhents loamy
loamy
761.69
0.49%
WdA
Wasda muck
0-2%
0 to 1 foot
none
Severe:
Severe: wetness
Severe: wetness
2,007.31
1.29%
wetness
YeA
Yeopim silt loam
0-2%
1.5 to 3.0 ft.
none
Severe:
Severe: low
Severe: wetness,
2,215.01
1.43%
wetness
strength
peres slowly
Source: Soil Survey of Camden County,
North Carolina.
41

f. Water Supply
Water is by far the most abundant natural resource in Camden County. A majority of the
water resources in the county are brackish containing varying degrees of salt, and therefore are
not usable for consumption. Many Camden County residents still rely on wells for their water
supply. Generally, the ground water supplies are as extensive as surface waters. Three stratified
aquifers underlie much of the region and contain massive quantities of water. Salt water from
water bodies surrounding the county often intrudes onto these aquifers. This can often render
portions of these drinking water sources unusable. Over time this has become a significant
concern for Camden County.
Large portions of the county are now served bywater lines. Water is treated and provided
by two water treatment plants in Camden County, the South Mills Water Association Water
Treatment Plant and the South Camden Water and Sewer Distillation Reverse Osmosis Water
Treatment Plant. The county has plans to extend this service to more county residents in the
future. Data summarizing water usage by the county can be found in Section V (D)(6), Analysis of
Existing Community Facilities/Services - Water System.
In central Camden County there is a WS-IV water supply watershed. The purpose of the
Water Supply Watershed Program is to provide an opportunity for communities to work with the
state to strengthen protection of their water supplies. There are five water supply classifications
(WS-1 to WS-V) that are defined according to the amount and types of permitted point source
discharges, as well as requirements to control non point sources of pollution. WS-1 provides the
highest level of protection and WS-IV provides the least level of protection.
g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern
In coastal North Carolina, fragile areas are considered to include coastal wetlands, ocean
beaches and shorelines, estuarine waters and shorelines, public trust waters, complex natural
areas, areas sustaining remnant species, unique geological formations, registered natural
landmarks, swamps, prime wildlife habitats, areas of excessive slope, areas of excessive erosion,
scenic points, archaeological sites, historical sites, and 404 wetlands. While not identified as
fragile areas in the 15A NCAC 7H use standards, maritime forests and outstanding resourcewaters
(ORWs) should also be considered fragile areas. The Camden County 15A NCAC 7H Areas of
Environmental Concern (AECs) include estuarine waters, estuarine shorelines, public trust areas,
and coastal wetlands.
42

i. Estuarine Waters (AEC)
Estuarine waters are generally those waters found in estuaries, sounds, bays, salt water
shorelines, and the Atlantic Ocean within three miles of the shoreline. They are the
dominant component and bonding element of the entire estuarine system, integrating
aquatic influences from both the land and the sea. The estuarine waters are among the
most productive natural environments within Camden County's planning jurisdiction. The
waters support the valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal area which are
comprised of estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, flounder, and crabs.
ii. Estuarine Shorelines (AEC)
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines that are especially vulnerable to
erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water. They are intimately
connected to the estuary. In shoreline areas not contiguous to waters classified as
outstanding resource waters by the Division of Water Quality, all land 75 feet leeward
from the normal water level are considered to be estuarine shorelines. Development
within the estuarine shorelines influences the quality of estuarine life and is subject to the
damaging processes of shorefront erosion and flooding.
iii. Public Trust Areas (AEC)
Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the
mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies ofwater
subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water mark; all
navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or
mean water level as the case may be, except privately -owned lakes to which the public has
no right of access; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing significant
public fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public by
navigation from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all
waters in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means. In determining whether the
public has acquired rights in artificially created bodies ofwater, the following factors shall
be considered:
(1) the use of the body of water by the public;
(2) the length of time the public has used the area;
(3) the value of public resources in the body of water;
(4) whether the public resources in the body of water are mobile to the extent that
they can move into natural bodies of water,
43

(5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water required permission from the
state; and
(6) the value of the body of water to the'public for navigation from one public area to
another public area.
These areas are significant because the public has rights in these areas, including
navigation and recreation. The public trust areas also support valuable commercial and
sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important resources for economic
development.
The public trust areas must be determined through in -field analysis and definition.
iv. Coastal Wetlands (AEC
The coastal wetlands are generally delineated on Map 6, Camden County Wetlands.
However, it is emphasized that the specific locations of coastal wetlands can be
determined only through on -site investigation and analysis. Coastal wetlands are defined
as salt marshes regularly- or irregularly -flooded by tides including wind tides, provided
this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides. These areas must contain at least
one, but not necessarily all of the following marsh plant species: Cordgrass, Meadow
Grass, and Salt Reed Grass. The coastal wetlands are vital to the complex food chain
found in estuaries. They provide marine nursery areas and are essential to a sound
commercial fishing industry. Coastal wetlands also serve as barriers against flood damage
and control erosion between the estuary and uplands. Substantial coastal wetland areas
are located along Portohonk, Raymond, Cow, Great, Public, Abel, Hunting, Broad, and
Little Broad Creeks; a portion of the North River south of Public Creek; and a portion of
the north side of Camden Point.
V. Wetlands Defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
404 wetlands are areas covered by water or that have waterlogged soils for long periods
during the growing season. Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living in soils
lacking oxygen for at least part of the growing season. 404 wetlands include, but are not
limited to, bottomlands, forests, swamps, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs, marshes, wet
meadows, and coastal wetlands.
Map 6 provides the approximate location of pocosin, bottomland hardwood/swamp forest,
and coastal wetlands located within the county's planning jurisdiction. Note: Map 8 on
page 50 depicts significant natural heritage areas.
44

—� Subbas
03-01-5
t
1
South Mills
r
L
Albemarle Sound ;
--—— — — — — —-
i
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
Map b
Camden County
Land Use Flan
Wetlands
,
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
r `al Subbasln03-01-50
Hydrology
rvStreet Center Line
Wetlands
- Bottomland Hardwood
Cleared Bottomiand Hardwood
Cleared Hardwood Flat
• Geared Headwater Swamp
Geared Pine Flat
11 Cleared Swam Forest
/`r f`• P
Cutover Botlomiand Hardwood
Culover Hardwood Fiat
Cutwer Headwater Swamp
WO CutoverPine Flat
Cutover Swamp Forest
�- Drained Bottomland Hardwood
{ Drained Freshwater Marsh
t t ; Drained Hardwood Flat
r- r- Drained Headwater Swamp
} Drained Pine Flat
Drained Swamp Forest
A/w1* Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Freshwater Marsh
Y*l�Y Hardwood Flat
Headwater Swamp
Human Impacted
Managed Pinelend
Pine Flat
P000sm
SaltBraddsh Mash
Swamp Forest
i
* The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
TIC V—'— !.r m, bxG —. lh A!xtl Ix ixt
T.'b9x � V �,v Mc A ttr N.vlh '
Cm.W rtaruyweir NapT tl1n �pNiuil.[r�nie•
�vAc� acrania-iM hthe tlffic.
,q L_aselzPaa_+.w grs,N''„[,. N.LUIlI
45

Table 24 indicates the types of wetlands located in Camden County, the number of acres
in each type of wetland, and the percentage of each type.
Table 24
Camden County
Wetlands
Wetland Name
Acreage
Percentage
Bottomland Hardwood
2,293
1.52%
Cleared Bottomland Hardwood
16
0.01%
Cleared Hardwood Flat
640
0.43%
Cleared Headwater Swamp
25
0.02%
Cleared Pine Flat
54
0.049/o
Cleared Swamp Forest
3
0.00%
Cutover Bottomland Hardwood
72
0.05%
Cutover Hardwood Flat
1,087
0.72%
Cutover Headwater Swamp
259
0.17%
Cutover Pine Flat'
405
0.27%
Cutover Swamp Forest
1
0.00%
Drained Bottomland Hardwood
370
0.25%
Drained Freshwater Marsh
6
0.00%
Drained Hardwood Flat
3,283
2.18%
Drained Headwater Swamp
458
0.30%
Drained Pine Flat
1,874
1.249/o
Drained Swamp Forest
17,061
11.33%
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
92
0.06%
Freshwater Marsh
39
0.03%
Hardwood Flat
6,843
4.55%
Headwater Swamp
927
0.62%
Human Impacted
95
0.06%
Managed Pineland
8,603
5.71%
Pine Flat
7,542
5.01%
Pocosin
375
0.25%
Salt/Brackish Marsh
1,674
1.11%
Swamp Forest
37,109
24.65%
Total Wetlands Acres
91,206
Total Acres in Camden County 150,557
Total % of Wetlands 60.58%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., (April, 2003); National Wetlands Inventory.
46

Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires that anyone interested in depositing dredged
or fill material into "waters of the United States" including wetlands, must apply for and
receive a permit for such activities. The Wilmington office of the US Army Corps of
Engineers has regulatory authority in Camden County's planning jurisdiction. While there
may be scattered wetland areas (non -coastal wetlands) located within Camden County, the
specific locations ofwetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. It should
be noted that in some Areas of Environmental Concern, both the US Army Corps of
Engineers and the regulatory requirements ofthe Coastal Area Management Act may have
overlapping jurisdiction. Simultaneous to the preparation of this plan, amendments to
the federal definition of wetlands were being considered which could reduce the areas
afforded protection under the wetlands legislation.
The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) was established in 1996 to
restore wetlands, streams, and streamside (riparian) areas. The NCWRP accepts payments
to the DENR Trust Fund according to a fee schedule. The payments are used for wetland
mitigation activities. The table below depicts mitigation activities in the entire
Pasquotank River Basin since 1995. Please note that Camden County is not located in all
of the subbasins. The county is located in a portion of subbasin 03-01-50 and 03-01-54.
Table 25
Permitted Wetland Mitigation Activities (in Acres) by Subbasin and Year
Subbasin Number 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
03-01-50
0.50
0
20.60
0
0
0
03-01-54
74.74
0
0.20
0
0
0
Total Acreage
75.24
0
20.80
0
0
0
Source: NC Division of Water Quality.
vi. Slopes in Excess of 12%
There are no slopes in excess of 12% located within Camden County.
21.10
74.94
96.04
vii. Excessive Erosion Areas
Excessive erosion of shoreline areas has not been a problem within Camden County's
planning jurisdiction.
47

Natural Resource Fragile Areas
Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be of educational, scientific, or
cultural value because of the natural features of the particular site. Features in these areas
serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the landscape. These areas include
complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant species, pocosins, wooded swamps,
prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of Parks and Recreation
works to identify and facilitate protection ofthe most ecologically significant natural areas
remaining in the state. Natural areas may be identified because they provide important
habitat for rare species or because they contain outstanding examples of the rich natural
diversity of this state.
The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge and the Great Dismal Swamp Natural
Area are located in Camden County. These areas, as well as other portions of the county
are home to a variety of endangered, threatened, or rare plant and animal species. Maps
7 and 8 depict other Protected Lands and Natural Heritage Areas in Camden County.
Tables 26 and 27 outline acreage associated with Protected Lands and Natural Heritage
Areas. Among the state and federal organizations reporting the status of plants and
animals within the county are the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program and the United
States Department of the Interior. These agencies rank species by the severity of the
threat to their continued existence. The most severely threatened species are labeled
endangered. The next lower level species are labeled threatened, followed by species of
special concern and significantly rare.
Table 26
Camden County
Protected Lands Acreages
Area Name
Acreage
Percentage
Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife
104,172
67.2%
WRC North River Gameland
3,238
2.2%
Harrison Tract
3,516
2.3%
Parks Dismal Swamp Natural Area
14,349
9.5%
Total Acres of Protected Land
125,275
Total Acres in Camden County 150,557
Total % of Protected Land 81.2%
Source: NC Department of Environmental and Natural Resources.
48

Map 7
�7
Subbas
03-01-5
South Mills
C0�
i
1 s
Albemarle Sound
V
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Protected Lands
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
OCamden
County
Hydrology
Protected Lands
GREAT DISMAL SWAMP NATIONAL WILDLIFE
HARRI SON TRACT
PARKS DISMAL SWAMP NATURAL AREA
WRC NORTH RIVER GAMELAND
. The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
cre n�anasnac cr lnr3 Rr� we avwa . wt
Trw9+ a 3-ae �v�Acc aY tb: Nr1� :�.slna
�wdrl N.arvTwrers Flag-np, woynnudepvwcc
YY :1e �»�kd �ceo ec�viws"M att � tT.L n:
a v�hci s acminetr-d kr Ile Ofise v
J tlr i ac0 C�sltl Ran:UrtB 1tnKClb'a h1WSIM
:Mun c nnc y mcsNenc PYwiS:'oM
5 0 5 10 15 Miles II
49

Subbasi
03-01-51
South Mills
I
� 1
r
1
O
.01 *1"'
'j^C,
Y
1
1
Albemarle Sound
5 0 5 10 15 Miles
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Significant
Natural Heritage Areas
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
r `1 Subbasin 03-01-50
Hydrology
Natural Heritage Areas
- BROAD CREEK MARSHES
DISMAL SWAMP STATE NATURAL AREA
• GREAT DISMAL SWAMP NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
HUNTING CREEK POCOSIN AND MARSH
` INDIANTOW N CREEK/NORTH RIVER CYPRESS FOREST
NORTH RIVER/CROOKED CREEK WETLANDS
NORTH RIVER/GREAT CREEK MARSHES AND SWAMP
SHIPYARD LANDING NATURAL AREA
THE GREEN SEA
WHITEHALL SHORES HARDWOOD FOREST
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
0
n„ orerore!oc or lyd9 mnc w9 nrer� In ee<
Cmalrl rArruyerern Rupr'n, Ihw9h A�iNeiivriie:
Dy '.ne :0999q� 20�8 A!519(�9rtiM Ary :r t9�2, M
owe� ana c:esal na9:arce �!n,9u9ix�n. rvwm9i
ue9en c ene a:resarona n9mru-:w=
1 50 1

Table 27
Camden County
Natural Heritage Areas
Site Name
Acres
Percentage
Broad Creek Marshes
2,632
1.75%
Dismal Swamp State Natural Area
14,327
9.52%
Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
9,017
5.99%
Hunting Creek Pocosin and Marsh
2,019
1.34%
Indiantown Creek/North River Cypress Forest
1
0.00%
North River/Crooked Creek Wetlands
2,944
1.96%
North River/Great Creek Marshes and Swamp
503
0.33%
Shipyard Landing Natural Area
1,611
1.07%
The Green Sea
6,355
4.22%
Whitehall Shores Hardwood Forest
170
0.11%
Total Natural Heritage Acres in Camden County
39,579
Total Acres in Camden County
150,557
% of Natural Heritage
26.29%
Source: NC Department of Environmental & Natural Resources.
There are two animal species that are listed as endangered and two animal species listed
as threatened in Camden County. The Red Cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and
the Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) are listed as endangered. The Bald Eagle
(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and the American Alligator (Alligator miss issippiensis) are listed
as threatened. In addition, the state lists the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) as
special concern. The only plant species that is listed as endangered by the state is the
Virginia Least Trillium (Trillium pusillum var virginianum). The federal status is federal
species of concern. The state lists the Carolina Grasswort (Lilaeopsis carolinensis) as
threatened. Species that are endangered, threatened, or of a special concern are
protected by federal and/or state law.
There are several species which are listed as being significantly rare. The label means that
they are at risk and an effort should be made to monitor their population or to seek their
classification as a protected species. The significantly rare plant and animal species in
Camden County are the Black -Throated Green Warbler -Coastal Plain population (Dendroica
viren waynei), Hessells Hairstreak (Callophrys hesseli), Northern Oak Hairstreak (Fixsenia
favonius ontario), Twig Rush (Cladium mariscoides), Beaked Spikerush (Eleocharis
rostellata), and Winged Seedbox (Ludwigia alata).
51

The complex natural area in Camden County also includes areas that sustain remnant
species, pocosins, wooded swamps, and wildlife habitats. The Great Dismal Swamp
National Wildlife Refuge could also fit in these overlapping categories.
There are no registered natural landmarks or unique geologic formations in Camden
County.
h.. Areas of Resource Potential
i. Regionally Significant Public Parks
The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge is located in northeastern North
Carolina and southeastern Virginia. The refuge consists of over 109,000 acres of forested
wetlands. Drummond Lake, a 3,100-acre natural lake, is located in the center of the
swamp. At one time the swamp was a very successful commercial logging area. Logging
continued in the area until the mid-1970s when the wildlife refuge was established. The
swamp is home to many rare plant and animal species. There are a variety of activities
that visitors may participate in while at the Great Dismal Swamp. Those activities include
hiking, biking, photography, fishing, boating and wildlife observation. Also of interest is
the Great Dismal Swamp Canal. The canal is listed on the National Register of Historic
Places and has been designated as a National Civil Engineering Landmark.
ii. Marinas and Mooring Fields
Marinas are defined as any publicly- or privately -owned dock, basin, or wet boat storage
facility constructed to accommodate more than ten boats and providing any of the
following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities,
haulout facilities, and repair service. Excluded from this definition are boat ramp facilities
allowing access only, temporary docking and none of the preceding services.
Camden County allows the construction of marinas and any associated drystack storage
facilities that are in compliance with the county zoning ordinance. There are three
marinas in Camden County.
A "freestanding mooring' is any means to attach a ship, boat, vessel, floating structure,
or other water craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy, buoyed anchor, or
piling (as long as the piling is not associated with an existing or proposed pier, dock, or
boathouse). When more than one freestanding mooring is used in the same general
52

vicinity it is commonly referred to as a mooring field. Camden County has not regulated
the establishment of mooring fields within its planning jurisdiction and mooring fields
have not been a problem. However, the county recognizes that the establishment of
mooring fields could lead to the degradation of water quality.
Floatine Homes
A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported by means of flotation,
designed to be used without a permanent foundation, which is used or intended for
human habitation or commerce. A structure will be considered a floating structure when
it is inhabited or used for commercial purposes for more than thirty days in any one
location. A boat may be deemed a floating structure when its means of propulsion has
been removed or rendered inoperative and it contains at least 200 square feet of living
space area.
There are currently no floating homes within Camden County. Camden County does not
support the location of floating homes within the county's jurisdiction.
iv. Aquaculture
As defined under N.C. General Statute 106-758, aquaculture is the propagation and rearing
of aquatic species in controlled or selected environments, including, but not limited to,
ocean ranching. Aquaculture has not been an issue within Camden County's planning
jurisdiction. Camden County recognizes that the establishment of aquaculture could have
some negative impacts on water quality (see policy P.70). .
V. Channel Maintenance and Interstate Waterways
The Intracoastal Waterway runs along Camden County's southeastern boundary. The
waterway provides an indispensable route for fishermen, commercial barge traffic, and
recreational boat traffic, all instrumental to the county's economic well-being. The
waterway is maintained by the US Corps of Engineers. Camden County supports dredging
and general maintenance of the Intracoastal Waterway.
Proper maintenance of channels is very important to Camden County because of the
substantial economic impact of commercial fisheries. If silt or other deposits fill in the
channels, safe and efficient movement of commercial fishing and transport vessels could
be impeded.
53

vi. Marine Resources (Water Quali
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality assigns water quality classifications to all
named waters of the State of North Carolina. The classifications are based upon the
existing or contemplated best usage of the various streams and segments of streams
within a basin, as determined through studies, evaluations, and comments received at
public hearings. The state water classification system is broken down as follows:
Table 28
NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications
PRIMARY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER CLASSIFICATIONS*
CLASS
BEST USES
C and SC
Aquatic life pro pagation/protection and secondary recreation
B and SB
Primary recreation and Class C uses
SA
Waters classified for commercial shellfish harvesting
WS
Water Supply watershed. There are five WS classes ranging from WS-1 through
WS-V. WS classifications are assigned to watersheds based on land use
characteristics of the area. Each water supply classification has a set of
management strategies to protect the surface water supply. WS-1 provides the
highest level of protection and WS-V provides the least protection. A Critical
Area (CA) designation is also listed for watershed areas within a half -mile and
draining to the water supply intake or reservoir where an intake is located.
SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASS
BEST USES
Sw
Swamp Waters: Recognizes waters that will naturally be more acidic (have lower
pH values) and have lower levels of dissolved oxygen.
Tr
Trout Waters: Provides protection to freshwaters for natural trout propagation
and survival of stocked trout.
HQW
High Quality Waters: Waters possessing special qualities including excellent
water quality, Native or Special Native Trout Waters, Critical habitat areas, or
WS-1 and WS-11 water supplies.
ORW
Outstanding Resource Waters: Unique and special surface waters.that are
unimpacted by pollution and have some outstanding resource values.
NSW
Nutrient Sensitive Waters: Areas with water quality problems associated with
excessive plant growth resulting from nutrient enrichment.
* Primary classifications beginning with an "S" are assigned to saltwaters.
Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
54

Water classifications vary widely throughout Camden County. Table 29 provides a listing
of all water bodies within the county that
are classified by the NC Division of Water
Quality. Also included are their subbasins and assigned classification.
Map 9 identifies
the location of these waterbodies. There are currently no HQW or ORW waters within
Camden County.
Table 29
Camden County
Alphabetic List of Waterbodies
Name of Stream
Subbasin
Stream Index Number Class
Albemarle Sound
PAS50
30
SB
Albemarle Sound
PAS54
30
SB
Areneuse Creek
PAS50
30-3-13-(1)
C Sw
Areneuse Creek
PAS50
30-3-13-(2)
SB
Broad Creek
PAS54
30-2-14
SC
Corapeake Ditch
PAS50
30-3-2-1-7-1-1
C
Corapeake Swamp (Jones Millpond)
PAS50
30-3-2-1-1
C Sw
Cow Creek
PAS54
30-1-2-2-5-1-1
C Sw
Great Creek
PAS54
30-2-7
SC
Hunting Creek
PAS54
30-2-10
SC
Indiantown Creek and all interconnecting
PAS54
30-2-1
C Sw
canals
Intracoastal Waterway
PAS54
30-2-5-1
SC
Joyce Creek
PAS50
30-3-2-2
C Sw
Little Broad Creek
PAS54
30-2-15
SC
Mill Dam Creek
PAS50
30-3-13-3-(2)
SB
North River
PAS50
30-2
SC
North River
PAS54
30-2
SC
Pasquotank River
PAS50
30-3-(7)
SC
Pasquotank River
PAS50
30-3-(12)
SB
Pasquotank River
PAS50
30-3-(15)
SC
Portohonk Creek and connecting canals
PAS50
30-3-14
C Sw
Raymond Creek
PAS50
30-3-17
C Sw
Raymond Creek
PAS54
30-3-17
C Sw
Run Swamp Canal and all interconnecting
PAS54
30-2-1-1
C Sw
canals
Sawyers Creek
PAS50
30-3-6
C Sw
Source: NC Division of Water Quality.
55

--� Subbasin
03-01-50
South Mills
'`. CURRITUCK •,
COUNTY %
•
PASQUOTANK
COUNTY
Camden
V
Shiloh
PERQ UIMANS
COUNTY
is
Perquimans River=
am ,�
Subbasin
03-01-54
0 5 Miles
Map 9
Camden County
Land Use Plan
NC Division of Water Quality
Classified Creeks & Ditches
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
OCamden County
NC Surrounding Counties
Fisheries Nursery Areas **
• Submerged Aquatic Vegetation ***
Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas
Hydrology
Creeks 8 Ditches
N1. Areneuse Creek
N2. Broad Creek
N3. Corapeake Ditch
4. Cow Creek
N5. Great Creek
N6. Hunting Creek
7. Indiantown Creek and all interconnecting canals
8. Joyce Creek
N9. Little Broad Creek
10. Mill Dam Creek
N11. Portohonk Creek and connecting canals
12. Raymond Creek
N13. Run Swamp Canal and all interconnecting canals
N14. Sawyers Creek
* The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
* * There are no Fisheries Nursery Areas; Primary,
Permanent Secondary, Special Secondary located in the waters of
Camden County.
Source: NCDENR
*** There are no beds of
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in Camden County
Source: NCDENR
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of ,
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National li
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
r

All of Camden County is located within the Pasquotank River Basin. The county is located
within two subbasins, 03-01-50 and 03-01-54. The boundaries of these subbasins are
included on all county -wide maps within this plan. The county occupies 6.7% of the
Pasquotank River Basin's total area.
vii. Primary Nursery Areas and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
The Albemarle Sound, Pasquotank River (Raymond Creek, Portohonk Creek, Areneuse
Creek, Joyce Creek, Sawyers Creek, etc.) and North River (Wading Gut Creek, Broad Creek,
Hunting Creek, Back Landing Creek, Public Creek, Great Creek, lndiantown Creek, etc.) are
extremely important to fisheries production and support significant commercial and
recreational fisheries. The above listed areas are documented spawning and nursery areas
for blueback herring and alewife. These areas also function as nursery areas for spot,
croaker, weakfish, flounder, striped bass, white perch, yellow perch, blue crabs and other
commercially and recreationally important species (refer to Map 9).
Broad Creek was designated as an Inland Primary Nursery Area by the North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission in 1990. This designation was based on established
criteria and sampling conducted by DMF.
The North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission (MFC) has adopted definitions in rule for
anadromous spawning and nursery areas. Anadromous fish spawning areas are those
areas where evidence of spawning of anadromous fish has been documented by direct
observation of spawning, capture of running ripe females, or capture of eggs or early
larvae (NCAC 15A 3I.0101 (20) (C)]. Anadromous fish nursery areas are those areas in the
riverine and estuarine systems utilized by post -larval and later juvenile anadromous fish
[NCAC 15A 31.0101 (20) (D)].
Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is found in waters that border Camden County. SAVs
are an important habitat utilized by finfish and invertebrates. Beds of SAV are one of the
critical habitat types defined by MFC (NCAC 15A 31.0101 (20) (A)].
Wetlands are of great importance to fisheries production serving as sources of biological
productivity, directly and indirectly, nursery areas and reducing sedimentation/turbidity
to improve water quality.
57

2. Environmental Composite Map
The environmental composite map (Map 10) is a requirement under the new CAMA Land Use
Planning guidelines. This map is intended to work in conjunction with the Land Suitability Maps
discussed earlier in this plan and should be utilized for future land use map impact analysis (see
Future Land Use Map, page 187). The Environmental Composite Map breaks down land masses
within the county into three different categories based on natural features and environmental
conditions. The categories utilized are as follows:
Class I — Land that contains only minimal hazards and limitations that can be addressed by
commonly accepted land planning and development practices. Class I land will generally support
the more intensive types of land uses and development.
Class Il — Land that has hazards and limitations for development that can be addressed by
restrictions on land uses, special site planning, or the provision of public services, such as water
and sewer. Land in this class will generally support only the less intensive uses, such as low
density residential, without significant investment in services.
Class III — Land that has serious hazards and limitations. Land in this class will generally support
very low intensity uses, such as conservation and open space.
The Environmental Composite Model was prepared in a similar fashion to the Land Suitability
Maps. An overlay analysis was performed, breaking the county into one acre cells utilizing only
map layers determined to be environmental factors. The layers used, and their assigned classes,
are outlined in Table 30.
58

MAP 10
1
Sub
03-C
I
l
a
I
I Albemarle Sound
I
r
5 0 5 10 Miles
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Environmental
Composite Map
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
1
� Subbasin Boundary
Hydrology
Environmental Composite
Class I
Class II
Class III
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Table 30
Camden County
Environmental Composite Map Layers
Laver
Class 1
Class II
Class 111
Coastal Wetlands
✓
Exceptional or Substantial Non -Coastal Wetlands
✓
Beneficial Non -Coastal Wetlands
✓
Estuarine Waters
✓
Soils with Slight or Moderate Septic Limitations
✓
Soils with Severe Septic Limitations
✓
Flood Zones
✓
Storm Surge Areas
✓
HQW/ORW Watersheds
✓
Water Supply Watersheds
✓
Significant Natural Heritage Areas
✓
Protected Lands
✓
For a given cell, the computed value of the cell will be determined by the highest class theme that
contains the cell. For example, if a cell is in a coastal wetland (Class III) and in a storm surge area
(Class 11) and intersects a soil with a slight or moderate septic limitation (Class 1), the cell value
will be Class Ill. In other words, if a cell does not meet the criteria for Class Ill, but qualifies as
Class 11, it has Class 11 for a value. if a cell does not qualify for either Class Ill or Class II, then it
is Class 1 by default. This order enables the modeler to leave out themes that are not associated
with Classes II or Ill to simplify the model (yielding the same results).
The resulting Environmental Composite Map is similar to the Land Suitability Maps in that Class Ill
areas are consistent with the Least Suitable category and the Class 1 areas are related to the Most
Suitable areas. The primary difference is the absence of infrastructure in the Environmental
Composite Map that heightens the emphasis on environmental sensitivity and relative land
conservation value. The Future Land Use Map reflects the Class 1, 11, and Ill criteria.

Table 31 provides a summary of the land use acreages by class for the county as a whole as well
as by subbasin.
Table 31
Camden County and Subbasins
Land Use Acreage by Class
Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 Camden County
Class 1 6,966 0 6,966
Class 11 44,000 13,946 57,946
Class 111 60,914 24,731 85,665
TOTAL 111,880 38,677 150,557
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inca
3. Environmental Conditions (Water Quality, Natural Hazards, and Natural Resources)
The Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan was approved and endorsed by the North
Carolina Environmental Management Commission in July, 2002, and will be used asa guide by the
NC Division of Water Quality. The following are the goals of DWQ's basinwide program:
• identify water quality problems and restore full use to impaired waters;
• Identify and protect high value resource waters;
• Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth;
• Develop appropriate management strategies to protect and restore water quality;
• Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity for dischargers; and
• Improve public awareness and involvement in the management of the state's surface
waters.
As existing and future land use is considered in Camden County, these goals should be kept in
mind.
61

Within the Pasquotank River Basin, Camden County is located primarily in subbasin 03-01-50 on
the west and partially in subbasin 03-01-54 to the east. The Pasquotank River Basin boundaries
and subbasin boundaries are shown on Map 11. It should be noted that currently there are no
outstanding resource waters or high quality waters located in Camden County.
The following provides a summary of existing conditions in both subbasins and the DWQ
recommendations from the 2002 Basinwide Plan:
a. Subbasin 03-01-50
This subbasin consists of the Pasquotank
River and its tributaries in Camden, Pasquotank, and
Gates counties. The headwaters of the Pasquotank
River include freshwater in the Great Dismal Swamp.
Southward, a significant portion ofthewaters in this
subbasin is brackish estuarine, including Albemarle
Sound and the Pasquotank River below Elizabeth
City.
This subbasin includes the Great Dismal
Swamp Wildlife Refuge and portions of the Great
Marsh. In addition, the subbasin has Significant
Natural Heritage Areas near the mouth of the
Pasquotank River.
Table 32
Subbasin 03-01-50 Description
Land and Water
Total area:
454 miZ
Land area:
390 miZ
Water area:
64 miZ
Population Statistics
1990 Est. pop.:
31,369 people
Pop. density:
80 persons/miZ
Land Cover
Forest/Wetland:
46%
Surface Water:
18 %
Urban:
<1 %
Cultivated Crop:
34%
Pasture/Managed
Herbaceous:
1 %
There are seven permitted dischargers in the subbasin. The Elizabeth City WWTP is the
only major discharge, which discharges into the Pasquotank River. Also, there are 15 general
permits. Two facilities, the Elizabeth City Wastewater Treatment Plant and the US Coast Guard,
are required under permit to perform whole effluent toxicity testing in the subbasin. The
Elizabeth City WWTP experienced problems during 1997, and the causes of their toxicity testing
failures are not clear. Since September 1997, the facility has not failed a test. There is one
individual storm water permit issued in the subbasin for Universal Forest Products Eastern
Division, Inc.
62

MAP 1 l General Map of the Pasquotank River Basin
03-01-50 03-01-54
r
i
GATES
03-0.1-52
1
i
r
1
oper Creswell
t
FU .4C;TC)V
• Phelp3
r` 03-01-53
••1
10 0 10 20 Miles
Planning Branch
Basinwide Planning Program Unit
July 19, 2002
63

2002 Recommendations: DWQ recommends that Elizabeth City decide whether they wish
to use the Pasquotank River as a raw water supply source. if Elizabeth City decides not to use the
Pasquotank River as a raw drinking water supply source, then the river could be reclassified for
non -water supply use. In order for DWQ to consider the reclassification, a request for the
reclassification must be submitted to DWQ. If this change were made, the water quality controls
in this area would be less stringent, resulting in a more favorable situation for overall
development. As of April 2002, DWQ has not received any requests from Elizabeth City. Until
then, Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County, and Camden County are required to implement water
supply watershed protection ordinances that meet or exceed the state's rules. The 2002
Basinwide Plan indicates that the Division of Water Quality's Regional Office has identified
numerous algal blooms near the canals of Areneuse Creek. The contributing sources include
increased land development. The Division of Water Quality will continue to monitor the creek
and evaluate the potential impacts of these blooms.
b. Subbasin 03-01-54
This subbasin consists of Currituck Sound and
the North River and its tributaries in Currituck and
Camden counties.
DWQ did not conduct benthic
macro invertebrate, fish community, fish tissue or
ambient sampling in this subbasin. Therefore, there
is currently little information on water quality status
in subbasin 03-01-54. DWQ relies on information
from the Division of Environmental Health, local
water treatment plant operators, and county health
departments for this subbasin.
This subbasin contains multiple public lands
and Significant Natural Heritage Areas including
several National Wildlife Refuges, the Currituck Banks
National Estuarine Research Reserve, Northwest River
Marsh Game Land, North River Game Land, and
portions of the Great Marsh.
Table 33
Subbasin 03-01-54 Description
Land and Water
Total area: 503 mi'
Land area: 304 miz
Water area: 199 mil
Population Statistics
1990 Est. pop.: 14,653 people
Pop. density: 48 persons/mil
Land Cover
Forest/Wetland:
39%
Surface Water:
39%
Urban:
<1%
Cultivated Crop:
20%
Pasture/Managed
Herbaceous:
<1 %
A portion of this subbasin is located on the Outer Banks, an area of high growth potential.
Growth management within the next five years will be imperative in order to maintain good water
quality in the subbasin.
64 '

Table 35 provides population densities for the Pasquotank River Basin. In using these
data, it should be noted that some of the population figures are estimates because the census
block group boundaries do not generally coincide with subbasin boundaries. The census data are
collected within boundaries such as counties and municipalities. By contrast, the subbasin lines
are drawn along natural drainage divides separating watersheds. Therefore, where a census block
group straddles a subbasin line, an estimate is made on the percentage of the population that is
located in the subbasin. This is done by simply determining the percentage of the census block
group area located in the subbasin and then taking that same percentage of the total census block
group population and assigning it the subbasin. Use of this method necessitates assuming that
population density is evenly distributed throughout the census block group, which is not always
the case. However, the level of error associated with this method is not expected to be
significant for the purposes of this document. It is also important to note that the census block
groups change every ten years, so comparisons between years must be considered approximate.
Table 35
Pasquotank River Basin
Population, Densities, and Land Area
Summaries for Camden County Subbasins
POPULATION'
POPULATION DENSITY
LAND AND WATER AREAS'
(Number of Persons)
(Persons/Square Mile)
Total Land and Water
Land
SUBBASIN
Water Area Area
Area
1970 1980 1990
1970 1980 1990
(Acres) (Sq. Mi.) (Sq. Mi.) (Sq.
Mi.)
03-01-50 28,271 29,867 31,369
72 77 80
291,066 455 64
390
03-01-54 8,320 12,525 14,653
27 41 48
322,062 503 199
304
TOTALS 36,591 42,392 46,022
99 118 128
613,128 938 263
694
' Population estimated based on US Census data and percentage of census block that falls within the subbasin.
2 Population density based on land area only. Large wetlands (swamps) not included in area used to calculate density.
' Information generated by the NC Center for Geographic Information Analysis.
Source: Pasquotank Water Quality Management Plan.
d. Growth Trends
Basinwide, the percentage increase in population from 1980 to 1990 was 16.4 percent,
exceeding the statewide increase of 12.7 percent over the same ten-year period. The projected
population figures indicate that the majority of the basin is expected to continue to grow at
significant rates. The highest levels of growth are expected on the Outer Banks.

C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Introduction
The Division of Coastal Management Land Use Plan Guidelines (15A NCAC 713.0207) require that
existing land uses and water uses be mapped. The land and water use maps in conjunction with
the existing land suitability map, page 105 and the future land suitability map, page 124 should
be utilized as working documents and serve as a basis for the development of the future land use
map(s). Specifically, this plan should address the following:
Significant land use compatibility problems;
Significant water use compatibility problems including those identified in any water
supply plan appendix and those identified in the applicable Division of Environmental
Management basinwide plan;
• Significant problems that have resulted from unplanned development and that have
implications for future land use, waster use, or water quality;
• An identification of areas experiencing or likely to experience changes in predominant
land uses, including agricultural and forestry land being converted to other uses and
previously undeveloped shoreline areas where development is now occurring;
• Significant water quality conditions and the connection between land use and water
quality.
This is an advanced core plan and specific existing land use discussions are included for the
village areas and highway corridor study areas. These discussions are included on pages 77 to
84.
2. Land Use in Relation to Water Quality
This section will serve to take a closer look at how land use in Camden County relates to water
quality. This section has been compiled with information provided by the North Carolina Division
of Water Quality (DWQ). Under the Basinwide Management Program, the DWQ completes
Basinwide Water Quality Plans.
67

Basinwide water quality planning is a non -regulatory, watershed -based approach to restoring and
protecting the quality of North Carolina's surface waters. Preparation of basinwide water quality
plan is a five-year process, which is broken down into three phases. While these plans are
prepared by the DWQ, their implementation and the protection of water quality entails the
coordinated efforts of many agencies, local governments, and stakeholder groups in the state.
The first cycle of plans was completed in 1998, but each plan is updated at five-year intervals.
It should be noted that the results of the monitoring efforts are not intended to provide precise
conclusions about pollutant budgets for specific watersheds. Since the assessment methodology
is geared toward general conclusions, it is important not to manipulate the data to support policy
decisions beyond the accuracy of the data.
Two primary methods of water quality testing were performed in Camden County. The details
of this methodology are described below so that the information on the results of this testing can
be better understood. The methods utilized were Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring and the
Ambient Monitoring System. DWQ also observes water bodies for the existence of algal blooms,
which are an indication of poor water quality.
Benthic macro invertebrates are organisms, primarily aquatic insect larvae, which live in and on
the bottoms of rivers and streams. The use of macro invertebrate data has proven to be a reliable
water quality monitoring tool because most macro invertebrates are immobile and sensitive to
subtle changes in water quality. Benthic communities also respond to, and show the effects of,
a wide array of potential pollutant mixtures.
The Ambient Monitoring System (AMS) is a network of stream, lake, and estuarine (saltwater)
water quality monitoring stations (about 420 statewide) strategically located for the collection
of physical and chemical water quality data (or parameters). Water quality parameters are
arranged by freshwater or saltwater water body classification and corresponding water quality
standards. Under this arrangement, Class C waters (refer to page 54 for a description of water
quality classifications) are assigned minimum monthly parameters with additional parameters
assigned to waters with classifications such as trout waters and water supplies.
Prolific growths of phytoplankton, often due to high concentrations of nutrients, sometimes
result in "blooms" in which one or more species of alga may discolor the water or form visible
mats on the water's surface. Blooms may be unsightly and deleterious to water quality causing
fish kills, anoxia, and taste and odor problems.

a. Subbasin 03-01-50
This subbasin consists primarily of the Pasquotank River Basin and its tributaries in
Camden, Pasquotank, and Gates counties. Land use is mostly cropland or forest, with the greatest
amount of agricultural land use in the southern portion of the subbasin. This land is utilized for
row crops, such as cabbage, corn, and soybeans. Most of the development is in the Elizabeth City
area; other small urban areas include the villages of Camden and South Mills.
Many tributaries have little or no flow in the summer months, and there are few wadeable
streams. As noted earlier in this plan, the Elizabeth City Waste Water Treatment Plant is the only
major permitted discharger in the subbasin. Streams in this subbasin run through a highly
agricultural landscape, but they include both channelized streams and streams with a more
natural channel. DWQ has conducted ambient and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling in this
subbasin.
Benthic macroinvertebrate data have been collected from five sites in this subbasin since
1995. Two of these sites, Areneuse Creek and Sawyers Creek, are located within Camden County,
and this data was collected in February of 2000 (the location of these sites can be found on Map
12). The benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring sites in this subbasin are currently not rated
because criteria for assigning bioclassifications to swamp streams are still in draft form.
Mild shifts toward negative water quality were observed at these sites, which are
associated to either agricultural or urban land use. In addition to the indicators present at the
monitoring sites, numerous algal blooms have been identified near the canal of Areneuse Creek.
These may also be attributed to increased urban development or non -point source runoff from
agricultural activity.
Map 12 provides a view of the locations of the two benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring
sites in the county, and how these sites relate to surrounding land use. Based on the map, it
appears the adverse affect on water quality is associated with both increased development and
agricultural activity. There has been a significant increase in residential development near
Areneuse Creek along South Mills Dam Road. This increase in urban storm water runoff is most
likely responsible for the existence of algal blooms in the area. The monitoring station on
Sawyers Creek is located upstream from the development taking place within the Village of
Camden, and therefore the minor shift in water quality along this stretch may be attributed to
agricultural non -point source pollution.
.•

Map 12
Subb,
I
03-01
1
1
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Land Use
in Relation to
Water Quality
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
'
Subbasin 03-01-50
Ambient Monitoring Station
®
Elizabeth City Water Treatment Plant
Benthic Station
Creeks
NAreneuse Creek
Sawyers Creek
Pasquotank County
Existing Land Use
Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Residential
�
Commercial
Industrial
®
Multi -Family
�I
Office and Institutional
Residential
Recreational
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
TM DreCn'nt Oc Of MI -C 'retie MecWO In tet
yrmeO+ a O�av �n•Acr. nq mn Nr� ::
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as ufi�+ is er-d b] dr Office c
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5 0 "i U 10 IVI11�5
-IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIM 70

In order to address this problem and alleviate any further degradation of the water quality
within the county, several steps may be taken. The county should continue to enforce agricultural
Best Management Practices (BMPs). Refer to Appendix III and IV. It may be useful to disseminate
information on BMPs, or to hold public meetings to discuss how poor management of these
practices may affect the long term quality of surface water within the county. Additionally, as
development pressure increases within the county, close attention should be paid to storm water
control issues. The county should begin working towards developing a successful Storm water
Management Program. Under Phase III of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Storm water
Control Regulations, the county will be required to establish this program. The county should
be pro -active in working towards establishing this program, to ensure protection of surface water
quality during the planning period.
There is only one ambient monitoring station located in the county's jurisdiction, and it
is located in this subbasin. The largest impact on this body of water is the urban storm water
runoff and WWTP discharge from Elizabeth City (the location of these facilities and the
monitoring station can be found on Map 12). There are indications that urban storm water runoff
may be adversely affecting water quality in the Pasquotank River. This problem will be addressed
in the context of the Elizabeth City storm water control program which is required under Phase
11 of the EPA's Storm water Control Program. Permits are required to be in place under Phase 11
by May of 2004. Recent testing has indicated that the WWTP in Elizabeth City is not currently
having an adverse impact on the water quality in the Pasquotank River.
b. Subbasin 03-01-54
This subbasin consists of Currituck Sound, plus the North River and its tributaries in
Currituck and Camden counties. Land use in this subbasin is primarily cropland and forest.
However, development is increasing rapidly along US 158 and throughout the Outer Banks. There
has been no recent biological monitoring in this subbasin.
The surface waters discussed in this section are fully supporting designated uses or are
not rated based on recent DWQ monitoring; however, the data revealed some impacts to water
quality. Although no action is required for these streams, voluntary implementation of BMPs is
encouraged and continued monitoring is recommended. DWQwill notify local agencies ofwater
quality concerns regarding these waters and work with them to conduct further monitoring and
to locate sources of water quality protection funding.
This subbasin has the potential to undergo a great population increase due to its
proximity to Virginia and growing municipalities in the North Carolina portion of the basin.
Growth management within the next five years will be imperative in order to maintain good water
71

quality in this subbasin. Growth management can be defined as the application of strategies and
practices that help achieve sustainable development in harmony with the conservation of
environmental qualities and features of an area. On a local level, growth management often
involves planning and development review requirements that are designed to maintain or improve
water quality.
3. Land Use
The existing land use in Camden County was mapped by a windshield survey conducted by
Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates, P.A., on March 11 and
12, 2003. The existing land use is depicted on Map 13 with village areas and highway corridor
areas shown on Maps 15 through 18 on pages 80 through 83.
Tables 36, 37, and 38 provide approximate land use acreage summaries for the entire county and
individually for subbasins 03-01-50 and 03-01-54. Camden County includes 150,557 acres. The
majority of the county is located in subbasin 03-01-50 which includes approximately 74.3% of
Camden County. In the entire county and in each subbasin, the majority of the land is utilized
as agricultural/open space/low density residential, 79.15%. The second largest land use in Camden
County is recreational which in the county as a whole includes 25,472 acres, or 16.92 % of the
county. However, it should be noted that this includes the Great Dismal Swamp area.
Table 36
Camden County Total Acreage
Land Use Parcels Acreage by Land Use % of Total Acreage
Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Res* 3,679 119,164 79.15%
Commercial 64 122 0.08%
Multi -family" 2 40 0.03%
Office & Institutional 53 1,029 0.68%-
Residential**' 2,410 3,349 2.22%
Recreational 11 25,472 16.92%
Industrial 3 1,381 0.92%
Total 6,222 150,557 100.00%
*Low density residential includes areas where residential density is primarily one acre per dwelling unit
or greater.
"There is no assumption of density. This category includes parcels where there are more than one
dwelling unit per parcel.
**'Residential includes areas where residential density is primarily less than one acre per dwelling unit.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003).
72

Map 13
Subbas
03-01-5
I
South Mills
Albemarle Sound
1
V
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Existing Land Use
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
Hydrology
Existing Land Use
-- A/OSILDR
® C
MF
0&1
R
Rec
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
nn w V" or • Tee ,wr rxaa w ax
f`mdalGmt ZOae Nib -01h nv1
M:M �OPW Yffii2 a
a wYc. n h tr oiv F
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lkYlllf AIM+TNNMC.NM6
73

Table 37
SUBBASIN 03-01-50 ACREAGE (Percentage of county in subbasin -- 74.396)
Land Use
Parcels
Acreage by Land Use
% of Total Acreage
Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Res'
2,962
84,759
75.76%
Commercial
61
97
0.09%
Multi -family"
2
40
0.03%
Office & Institutional
52
906
0.81%
Residential"*
2,091
2,812
2.51%
Recreational
8
23,266
20.80%
Industrial
0
0
0.00%
Total
5,176
111,880
100.00 %
*Low density residential includes areas where residential density is primarily one acre per dwelling unit
or greater. -
"There is no assumption of density. This category includes parcels where there are more than one'
dwelling unit per parcel.
'Residential includes areas where residential density is primarily less than one acre per dwelling unit.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003).
Table 38
SUBBASIN 03-01-54 ACREAGE (Percentage of county in subbasin -- 25.7%)
Land Use
Parcels
Acreage by Land Use
% of Total Acreage
Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Res'
700
34,405
88.95%
Commercial
3
25
0.07%
Multi -family"
0
0
0.00%
Office & Institutional
6
123
0.32%
Residential'
331
537
1.39%
Recreational
3
2,206
5.70%
Industrial
3
1,381
3.57%
Total
1,046
38,677
100.00%
'Low density residential includes areas where residential density is primarily one acre per dwelling unit
or greater.
"There is no assumption of density.. This category includes parcels where there are more than one
dwelling unit per parcel.
'Residential includes areas where residential density is primarily less than one acre per dwelling unit.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inca (April, 2003).
Clearly the majority of Camden County is agricultural/open space/low density residential. Most
development within the county has been concentrated in or near the communities of South Mills,
Shiloh, Old Trap, Camden and along US 158 from the City of Elizabeth City to the Camden
Community. There are no incorporated communities within Camden County.
74

Since the preparation of the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan, the extension of water and
sewer services by Elizabeth City across the Pasquotank River to serve properties along US 158 has
accelerated growth. This area has been the most rapidly developing primarily non-residential area
within the county. However, there has also been significant condominium development since
1993. In residential development, both the Camden and South Mills townships are experiencing
significant growth. It should be noted that waterfront development is rapidly increasing,
especially in the Camden Township. However, very little development activity is occurring in the
Shiloh Township. Table 39 provides a summary of the Camden County building permits issued
from January 1999, through May 2004.
Table 39
Camden County
Building Permits —January, 1999 to May 31, 2004
BUILDING PERMITS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004.
New Single -Family Development 78 64 95 157 186 75
Mobile Homes
Class A 25 28 27 24 9 9
Class B 8 13 9 10 11 5
Modular 1 1 5 6 5 8
Others 69 69 90 64 11 0
TOTALS 181 175 226 261 222 97
Source: Camden County Building Inspector's Office.
It should be noted that there are currently no major subdivisions that have received final plat
approval but not developed.
There are limited land use compatibility problems within Camden County. This is primarily
because of the low density of development. However, the following provides a summary of the
problems that exist:
• There has been some platting and development of subdivisions on unsuitable soils and
construction in floodplain areas, including primarily undeveloped subdivisions in the
Camden Point area.
• Strip commercialization/development is occurring between Camden and the Pasquotank
River along US 158.
75

• Increasing residential development, especially in the South Mills Township, is infringing
on agricultural production.
• The density of development along NC 343 from Camden to Shiloh is rapidly increasing.
• Much future development in Camden County will infringe upon or impact wetland areas.
Because of the historically slow rate of growth, there have been no significant problems from
unplanned development that have significant implications for future land use, water use, orwater
quality. If any, the major development area is the causeway between the Pasquotank River and
Camden. As development continues, . the impervious surface areas increase, and therefore,
stormwater runoff into the adjacent water bodies increases. The subdivided land in the Camden
Point area could be a water quality problem. However, this is unlikely because most of the
subdivided areas cannot be developed because of wetlands. In the future, waterfront
development should be monitored to control any adverse impacts on water quality.
There are two areas of Camden County that are expected to experience changes in predominant
land uses. The South Mills Township is experiencing the initial stages of development pressure
from the southward growth of the Chesapeake, Virginia area. The four-laning of US 17 north of
the North Carolina state line will accelerate this development. The South Mills Township will first
become a "bedroom" community for Chesapeake. Then the demand for local services will bring
commercial development. It is clear that land use in the South Mills Township will significantly
change in the next five to ten years.
Secondly, residential development is rapidly increasing in the Courthouse Township south of
Camden. This is especially true along the Pasquotank River shoreline. This trend is expected to
continue.
4. Historic and Archeological Sites
The North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, has
indicated that there are 69 known archaeological sites located within Camden County.
Information on all archaeological locations is restricted and may not be included in any public
document or made available to any individual without the permission of the state archaeologist.
Any development projects should be implemented under appropriate historic preservation
legislation and in coordination with the Division of Archives and History to avoid damage to
valuable archaeological resources.
76

Based on the Division of Archives and History files, there are seven structures located in Camden
County which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, three on a study list, and two
sites of local significance. Below is a list of those structures and their general location:
(1) William Riley Abbott House (South Mills vicinity) - National Register
(2) Camden County Courthouse (Camden) - National Register
(3) (Former) Camden County Jail (Camden) - National Register
(4) Dismal Swamp Canal (Federal Nomination) (South Mills vicinity) - National Register
(5) Caleb Grandy House (Belcross) - National Register
(6) Lamb-Ferebee House (Camden vicinity) - National Register
(7) Milford (Relfe-Grice-Sawyer House) (Camden vicinity) - National Register
(8) Burnham House (South Mills Vicinity) - Study List
(9) Creekmore Store (Belcross) - Study List
(10) Widow's Son Masonic Lodge #75 (Camden) - Study List
(11) Ebenezer Baptist Church, 1850 (South Mills) - Local Significance
(12) Marion Anderson High School (former Black High School, currently Camden Middle
School) (Camden vicinity) - Local Significance
Map 14 depicts the locations of the historic sites.
5. Community/Highway Corridor Areas
a. Introduction
The anticipated development in Camden County in the next five to ten years is expected
to occur in the following seven areas:
• Camden Community
Shiloh Community
• South Mills Community
• Highway 343 Corridor South
• Highway 343 Corridor North
• Highway 17 Corridor
• Highway 158 Corridor
77

Map 14
Subbasi
03-01-51
1
i
South Mills _ —
0
17 _i� Subbasin
03-01-54
r �.
��-1 � ,�r-_ _,
♦ r i
♦ O _ , �,.
O p 0
Camden
158
Shiloh j ♦ �_
0 0
s9
y
' y f
N 1
1
F Albemarle Sound
S 1 —
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Historical Sites
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
OCamden County
Hydrology
Historical Sites
•
* Bumham House
O
* Creekmore Store
O
' W idov/s Son Masonic Lodge
O
— Caleb Grandy House
•
- Camden County Courthouse
O
- Camden County Jail (former)
O
— Lamb- Ferebee House
O
— Milford (Relfe-Grice-Sawyer) House
O
- William Riley Abbott House
O
— Ebenezer Baptist Church
O
— Marion Anderson High School (former)
— Dismal Swamp Canal
* North Carolina Divison of Archives Study List
*' National Register of Historical Places
*** Sites of Local Significance
* The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
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Because ofthis anticipated development, Camden County is focusing on the future growth
of these areas. The areas are depicted on Map 15.
The community/highway corridor plan areas have been delineated based upon the
following:
• Physical features including the Land Suitability Analysis Map (Map 23).
• Comment from the CAMA Land Use Plan Update Committee.
• Consideration of existing and anticipated land use conditions.
• Coordination with proposed water and sewer improvements.
• Comments received atthe public input information meetings conducted duringthe
development of the plan.
b. Existing Land Use Community/Highway Corridor Areas
There are seven community/highway corridor study areas. These include: Camden, Shiloh,
South Mills, Highway 343 Corridor South, Highway 343 Corridor North, Highway 17 Corridor, and
Highway 158 Corridor. The Highway 343 Corridor North is divided into two areas, one north of
Camden and the second south of South Mills.
The existing land use acreage for all seven areas is summarized in Table 40. In all seven
areas, the predominate land use is agricultural/open space/low-density residential. None of the
areas have greater than 1.5% in commercial land use. There is no industrial development located
in any of the community/highway corridor areas.
Maps 16, 17, and 18 depict detailed land use for the Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills
communities which are the areas of the most intensive development. There are limited areas of
conflicting land uses. The most serious land use conflicts include:
• Strip commercialization along US 158 in the Camden Community.
• Development of residential property in agricultural areas in all of the study areas.
• Minor infringement of non-residential uses on residential areas in the Camden
Community.
Developing areas have avoided FragileAreas, Natural Heritage Areas, and Protected Lands.
Most waterfront development has occurred in the Highway 343 Corridor South area.
79

Map 15
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Study Areas
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-50
Subbasin 03-01-54
OSouth
Mills Community
(D
Camden Community
Shiloh Community
Highway 343 South Corridor
C)
Highway 343 Corridor
Highway 17 Corridor
40
Highway 158 Corridor
Existing
Land Use
A/OS/LDR
C
�1
I
MF
OW
R
Rec
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
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R
ROBERTS
Map 16
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Camden Community
Existing Land Use
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-50
Subbasin 03-01-54
C) Camden County
CDCamden Community
Existing Land Use
A/OS/LDR
C
I
MF
0&1
R
Rec
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary betvveen Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
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81

Map 17
Camden Count
i r DAILEY RD-_ _
�- 1
- — -- ,
Land Use Plan
- -- - -- --- - oc
Shiloh Community
Existing Land Use
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
��� �5�� ' � � r' ��• � � �
Subbasin 03-01-50
Shiloh Community
t
��0 :�� -—
���
Existing Land Use
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A/OS/LDR
C
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/j
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
v-:
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kp
S
0.5 0 0.5 Miles
_ I 1
1
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17
Map 18
Camden County
Land Use Plan
South Mills Community
Existing Land Use
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
OSouth Mills Community
Existing Land Use
A/OS/LDR
C
I
MF
0&1
D R
Rec
South Mills falls completely
within Subbasin 03-01-50
N
S
0.5 0 0.5 Miles
mmu- --- -
'1'e P.Ow.." of 1b.: — - — If .rt
C ... t.1 ZoneFZZ'S' A, 111111. as
—&d rfiich is xlT,nisYrcd
1, '"1" A
Lb*-c erJ P—Phvic Adminimi-
I

Table 40
CommunityMighway Corridor Study Areas
Existing Land Use
Land Use
Agriculture/Open
Space/Low-Density
Residential
Commercial
Multifamily
Office & Institutional
Residential
'Recreational
Total
Camden
%of
Acreage Total
Shiloh
%of
Acreage Total
South Mills
%of
Acreage Total
Highway 343
Corridor South
%of
Acreage Total
Highway 343
Corridor North
%of
Acreage Total
Highway 17
Corridor
%of
Acreage Total
Highway 158
Corridor
%of
Acreage Total
1,491
80.4%
1,469
88.5%
2,447
88.6%
8,354
87.3%
1,972
94.8 %
5,607
80.8%
206
96.7%
35
1.9%
5
0.3%
35
1.3%
19
0.2%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
39
2.1 %
0
0.0%
1
0.1 %
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
138
7.5%
9
0.6%
17
0.6%
463
4.8%
0
0.0%
1,168
16.8%
0
0.0%
104
5.6%
180
10.8%
260
9.4%
735
7.7%
108
5.2 %
164
2.4%
7
3.3 %
47
2.5%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
1,854
100.0%
1,663
100.0%
2,760
100.0%
9,571
100.0%
2,080
100.0%
6,939
100.0%
213
100.0%
NOTE: All study areas fall into subbasin 03-10-50 with the exception of Highway 343 Corridor South and Highway 158 Corridor. The Highway 343 Corridor South has 77%
in subbasin 03-10-50 and 23% in subbasin 03-10-54. The Highway 158 Corridor has 30% in subbasin 03-10-50 and 70% in subbasin 03-10-54.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., April 2003.
84

D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES
This discussion of community facilities/services includes: transportation, health care, law
enforcement, fire/rescue services, administration, water system, sewage system, solid waste,
schools, recreation, electric/natural gas services, and telephone/internet services. The existing
community facilities section will have an impact on Section V (G), Future Demands, page 118 and
Section VI, Plan for the Future, page 134. The county's growth management plan is discussed in
the water and sewer sections.
Map 19 provides a listing and location of all facilities owned and operated by Camden County and
the State of North Carolina.
1. Transportation
There are three major routes running through Camden County— US 17, US 158, and NC Highway
343. US 17 enters Camden County at the North Carolina/Virginia state line and continues south
through the northwest portion of the county into Pasquotank County. This highway is four lanes
to facilitate volumes of traffic heading south from Virginia. US 158 runs east/West between
Pasquotank and Currituck counties. NC 343 runs north/south through the county, connecting
South Mills with Shiloh. Another significant highway is NC 34.
According to the North Carolina Department ofTransportation, Camden County has a total of 205
miles of roads of which 186 miles are paved. The 19 miles of unpaved roads are all secondary
roads. Out of the total miles of paved roads, approximately 25% are primary roads and 75% are
comprised of secondary roads.
The Average Daily Traffic Count -along US 158 is by far the highest in the county. Another high
volume traffic area is along US 17. Map 20 depicts average daily traffic counts in Camden County.
Transportation improvements are discussed on page 125 in the Future Demands section,
including US 17 improvements through the Dismal Swamp and improvement to the NC 343 and
US 158 intersection in the Village of Camden.
2. Health Care
Camden County residents have access to a wide range of health care services which are offered
at Albemarle Hospital in Elizabeth City. The regional health care facility serves over 130,000
residents in seven counties. The hospital has 150 beds in operation and is licensed for 182. It
is accredited by the joint Commission on Health Care Organizations.
85

Map 19
0
5
0
The preparation of this map was financed In part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
17
3
1
('.,q m ri P-n
910� 15
14 �® co
1®
10 \
`/18 Fj08ERIH. t�4��
OF
Camden County
County,
State and
Federal Facilities
---- 158
a
"Ib
LEGEND
1 Dismal Swamp State Park
2 South Mills Ruritian Building
3 South Mills Water Association Water Department
4 Fire Station
5 South Mills Water Association Water Treatment Plant
6 John E. Ferebee Labor Camp
7 Camden Middle School
8 School Property
9 School Field
10 Administration Building
11 Grandy Elementary School
12 Social Services
13 Post Office
14 County Courthouse
15 Camden Medical Park
16 Camden High School
17 High School Ball Field
18 Camden Shell
19 South Camden Water Plant
20 Frog Marina
21 Shiloh Post Office
22 South Camden Ruritan Club
-22
9
Qn 2
.000, 'A•�.
Albemarle Sound
1

Subbasi
1 03-01-51
South Mills
0 5 10 15 20 Miles
9 "
f�
1 '
Albemarle Sound
-----------
Map 20
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Average Daily
Traffic Counts
2001
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
OCamden County
Hydrology
Q ADT Stations
Major Roads
' The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
N
W F
5
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
87

The following is an overview of the services that the Albemarle Hospital offers:
• Urgent and emergency care
• Inpatient hospitalization
• Same day ambulatory surgery
• Mammography
• Physical therapy
• Occupational therapy
• MRI
• CT scan
• Speech therapy
• Oncology services
• Heart and lung center
• Infusion suite
• Maternity services
• Rehab services
There is one medical practice in Camden County. Albemarle Family Practice is located at 160-C
Highway 158 in Camden and is open Monday through Friday. The practice consists of three
doctors, one physician's assistant, and one nurse practitioner.
3. Law Enforcement
Law enforcement is provided to the entire county by the Camden County Sheriffs Department.
The department staffs 13 full-time and two part-time sworn officers. The department operates
three separate units: patrol, investigations, and school resource officers.
The county Sheriffs Department is located at 117 North 343 in Camden (Courthouse complex).
The jail is located in Elizabeth City. It is a tri-county jail with Camden, Pasquotank, and
Perquimans counties contributing a percentage of the cost to maintain the facility. The
percentage that each county pays is based on the population of the county. Camden County
contributes 14% of the cost. The jail has an occupancy of 80.
4. Fire/Rescue Services
Camden County is served by two fire departments and one substation. There are two fire
districts: South Mills and Camden -Shiloh. South Mills Fire Department, located at 105 Halstead
Street in South Mills, has 20 members. The Camden Fire Department is located at 114 Sawyers
Creek Road in Camden, and the Shiloh substation is located at 941 Highway 343 South in Shiloh.
The Camden -Shiloh district has approximately 40 members. Pasquotank/Camden Central
Communications dispatches E911 calls for the county. The office is located in Elizabeth City.
The Insurance Services Office (ISO) of North Carolina has established a grading schedule for rural
and municipal fire protection. Individual communities are surveyed by 150 representatives every
nine to ten years and the grading process used considers the following:
88

1. Water Supply 39%
2. Fire Department 39%
3. Fire Communications 9%
4. Fire Safety Control 13%
A rating of I is the best possible, with the lowest rating of 10 being assigned to areas with
essentially no protection. The ratings have a financial impact on property owners because fire
insurance premiums depend on the grade or class assigned by the ISO. The ISO rating for South
Mills is 6-9s and the ISO rating for Camden -Shiloh is 7-9s. The first number in the sequence
represents the rating if a structure is within 1,000 feet of a fire hydrant. The second sequence
represents the rating if a structure is beyond 1,000 feet of a fire hydrant.
Camden County is served by the Pasquotank/Camden Rescue Squad and the Pasquotank County
Ambulance Service. The Pasquotank/Camden Rescue Squad is a 68-member volunteer
organization. The Pasquotank County Ambulance Service has 23 paid employees. The paid
employees work from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Saturday. The volunteers work from
6:00 pm to 6:00 am Monday through Saturday, all day Sunday, and on holidays. The departments
share a building and equipment. Five ambulances and four approved First Responder Vehicles are
available. Both the rescue squad and the ambulance service work at a paramedic level. They are
located at 1114-B North Road Street in Elizabeth City.
5. Administration
Camden County has a Board of Commissioners/County Manager form of government. The county
currently has 63 full-time and 15 part-time employees. The following list provides a summary of
governmental organizations and employees.
Table 41
Camden County
Employees
Full-time Employees
Part-time Employees
Sheriff
15
3
Social Services
13
0
Waste Department
8
0
Tax
4
1
Planning
6
2
Register of Deeds
3
0
Administration
3
0
89

Table 41 (continued)
Full-time Employees
Part-time Employees
Buildings & Grounds
2
2
Senior Center
1
1
Finance
2
1
Welcome Center
2
2
Elections
0
2
Extension
4
0
Parks & Recreation
0
1
Total
63
15
Source: Camden County.
6. Water System
Residents of Camden County receive water from two entities: the South Camden Water and Sewer
District (SCWSD) and the South Mills Water Association (SMWA). Map 21 provides the location
of these district facilities. Camden County owns the SCWSD water plant and provides the water
to that district. The SCWSD has 1,800 connections in the South Camden area. The SCWSD
operates a Reverse Osmosis Plant and maintains two elevated water tanks. One tank is 250,000
gallons and the other tank is 300,000 gallons.
The South Mills Water Association (SMWA) is an independent entity. The association provides
water to the South Mills Township and the Morgans Corner area of Pasquotank County. The
SMWA has 1,990 connections. Those connections are evenly split between the South -Mills
township customers and the Morgans Corner customers. The association operates a water
treatment plant and has two elevated water tanks. The water tank that serves the South Mills
township is 100,000 gallons. The other water tank is located in Pasquotank County.
There is a portion of the county along the Highway 158 corridor which has been annexed by the
City of Elizabeth City. Water service to this area is provided by Elizabeth City. Camden County
has an agreement with Currituck County to provide up to a maximum of 200,000 gallons per day
at wholesale rates. Additionally, Camden County is interconnected with Elizabeth City; however,
water is provided on an emergency basis only.
90

Map 21
CAMDEN COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
F.XT.0 TTNC`T
The
part
Car(
through funds provided by Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended,
which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Page 91

North Carolina General Statute (GS 143-355(l)) requires all units of local government that provide
or plan to provide public water supply service to prepare a Local Water Supply Plan and to update
that plan at least every five years. A local water supply plan is an assessment of a water system's
current and future water needs and its ability to meet those needs. The SCWSD and the SMWA
updated their Water Supply Plans in 1998. All water supply plan updates were required to be
turned in by July 2003 based on water data from the year 2002. Both water districts have updated
Local Water Supply Plans currently under review by the Division of Water Resources. Tables 42
and 43 provide summaries of the SCWSD and SMWA water use information included in the
updated plans.
Table 42
South Camden Water and Sewer District
Water Usage Information
Average Daily Water Use by Month for 2002 in Millions Gallons Per Day (MGD)
Average Daily
Average Daily
Average Daily
Month
Usage
Month
Usage
Month
Usage
January
0.230
May
0.230
September
0.274
February
0.204
June
0.245
October
0.452
March
0.204
July
0.240
November
0.389
April
0.228
August
0.280
December
0.359
NOTE: New Reverse Osmosis Plant came on line October 1, 2002; began extensive system flushing.
2002 Average Annual Daily Water Use by Type
in Million Gallons Per Day (MGD)
Type of Use
Average Use (MGD)
Residential
0.150
Commercial
0.002
Industrial
0.000
Institutional
0.004
Sales to Other Systems
0.000
System Process Water
0.010
Subtotal
0.166
Average Annual Daily Water Use
0.233
Unaccounted for Water
0.067
Total Water Use for 2002 including all purchased water: 84.900 Million Gallons (MG)
Average Annual Daily Water Use in 2002: 0.233 Million Gallons Per Day (MGD)
*Preliminary 2002 data; plan under review by Division of Water Resources.
Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
92

Table 43
South Mills Water Association
Water Usage Information
Average Daily Water Use by Month for 2002 in Millions Gallons Per Day (MGD)
Average Daily Average Daily Average
Daily
Month Use Month Use Month
Use
January 0.234 May 0.262 September
0.276
February 0.240 June 0.282 October
0.299
March 0.244 July 0.291 November
0.240
April 0.279 August 0.281 December
0.246
2002 Average Annual Daily Water Use by Type
in Million Gallons Per Day (MGD)
Type of Use Average Use (MGD)
Residential 0.215
Commercial 0.000
Industrial 0.000
Institutional 0.000
Sales to Other Systems 0.000
System Process Water 0.000
Subtotal 0.215
Average Annual Daily Water Use 0.215
Unaccounted for Water 0.000
Total Water Use for 2002 including all purchased water: 78.601 Million Gallons (MG)
Average Annual Daily Water Use in 2002: 0.215 Million Gallons Per Day (MGD)
'Preliminary 2002 data; plan under review by Division of Water Resources.
Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
7. Sewage System
Camden County residents rely upon individual septic tanks for sewage disposal. However, the
county is in the design stage of the Camden Village Core Project, a $6.6 million sewer project.
This is being done in conjunction with the county's growth management plan which is the
county's plan forwater and sewer systems development. This document is a facility strategy plan
and not a formal policy document. The project, approved on February 3, 2003, will provide sewer
along the US Hwy 158 commercial corridor, to three schools, and to the county administrative
93

complex. The project is scheduled to be completed in July, 2006. Map 21 on page 91 provides
the location of existing waterlines in Camden County as of,January 2003.
8. Solid Waste
Camden County does not have any commercial or residential curbside pickup for solid waste.
The county does have three convenience centers located throughout the county for waste
disposal. These convenience centers are located to the north of the county near South Mills, to
the south near Shiloh, and central Camden County near Camden. The convenience centers have
facilities for the disposal of all waste including recyclables, household waste, yard waste, used oil
and oil filters, and tires. The following provides the exact location of the convenience centers
within Camden County:
Shiloh — 303 Wickham Road
Hours of Operation — Monday, Wednesday, Saturday 7-7 and Sunday 12-7
South Mills -1564 North Highway 343
Hours of Operation— Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday 7-7 and Sunday 12-7
Camden —102 Water Plant Road (off Chantilly Road)
Hours of Operation — Monday through Saturday 7-7
These convenience centers are contracted outto Waste Industries. All receptacles and equipment
located at the convenience centers is the property of Waste Industries. The centers are also
manned by Waste Industries personnel. Once waste is delivered to the convenience centers, it
is then forwarded to the Pasquotank Solid Waste Transfer Station. From this transfer station, the
waste is hauled to the Bertie County Landfill. Camden County pays Waste Industries by the haul
to maintain the convenience centers. Used tires are also collected at the convenience centers,
but are not disposed of by Waste Industries. Carolina Tire Disposal has a truck on site; when this
truck is full, the tires are removed and disposed of.
The total solid waste tonnage generated by Camden County for FY2002 was 3,148. The county
also generated 240 tons of recyclables. The following table provides a breakdown of the recycled
goods.
94

Table 44
Recycled Solid Waste Tonnage
Recyclable Tonnage
Mixed Glass 22.5
Mixed Plastic 17.4
White Goods 65.9
Newsprint 80.1
Cardboard 54.0
Total 239.9
Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
9. Schools
The Camden County School System oversees all public schools providing service to Camden
County citizens. During school year 2003-2004, total enrollment at the county's three schools
was 1,582. Table 45 provides a summary of enrollment and facilities for each of the county's
schools.
Table 45
Camden County
Schools
Current Renovation
School Enrollment Capacity Recreational Facilities Projects (in dollars)
Camden County 457 510 Gym, athletic fields $3,000,000
High School (9-12) (football, softball, baseball)
Camden Middle 405 504 Gym, athletic fields $7,000,000
School (6-8) (football, softball, baseball)
Grandy Primary 720 687 Gym (multipurpose room) None
School (K-5)
Source: Camden County Schools.
There are no private schools located in Camden County. There are two regional colleges located
in close proximity to Camden County. Elizabeth City State University (ECSU) is a four year college
located in Elizabeth City. ECSU is part of the NC University system. A wide variety of liberal arts
degree programs are offered at the university. College of the Albemarle (COA) is also located in
95

Elizabeth City. COA is part of the NC Community College System. COA primarily offers technical
and continuing education courses. East Carolina University (ECU) is another regional option for
.higher education. ECU is located roughly 100 miles from Camden County.
10. Recreation
Camden County operates one public park. This park is located in central Camden County along
Highway 343. The park contains the following facilities: three lighted ball fields, basketball
courts, tennis courts, and playground equipment. All of the ball fields located at the park are
utilized for little league and girls softball.
Camden County does not have a Parks and Recreation Department. The only recreational
program offered within Camden County is Babe Ruth little league baseball and softball. This
program is not sponsored by the county, but all games are played at county facilities.
Camden County's residents rely on the Pasquotank County recreation facilities. The county makes
an annual contribution to the Pasquotank County Parks and Recreation Department. This
contribution entitles all Camden residents to use all recreational facilities and programs offered
within Pasquotank County. A wide variety of recreational facilities are offered by Pasquotank
County.
The county operates a public boat access ramp located in northern Camden County along
Highway 343. This ramp provides access to the Dismal Swamp. There are plans to construct a
second public boat access to the south near Shiloh.
The Dismal Swamp Canal Visitor Center, opened in 1989, is the first Visitor/Welcome Center built
off an interstate in North Carolina and the only such facility in the country greeting visitors by
both a major highway and an historic waterway. Located in Camden County on US Highway 17,
the Center sits on the banks of the Dismal Swamp Canal, part of the Intracoastal Waterway.
Facilities include clean restrooms open 24 hours a day, picnic tables, and grills. Expansion plans
include the addition of the Dismal Swamp Canal Trail. This multi -purpose asphalt surface trail,
4.5 miles in length, will extend from the Visitor Center to the village of South Mills, along the
Dismal Swamp Canal.
On the west side of the Dismal Swamp Canal is the 14,433-acre Dismal Swamp State Natural Area.
Plans call for the construction of a 5,800 square foot building which will house office space,
exhibits, an auditorium, and a classroom. The State Natural Area will also provide a boardwalk
in the swamp with nature trails extending off the boardwalk. Future plans include walk-in
96

primitive camping and hiking. The State Natural Area will employ six permanent full-time
employees, two rangers, two maintenance persons, an office assistant, and five to six seasonal
employees.
11. Electric, Natural Gas, Telephone
a. Electric
Electric Service is provided byAlbemarle Rural Electric Co-op and North Carolina Dominion
Power.
b. Natural Gas
Natural Gas is currently available within the county primarily along Highway 343 near
Camden. Eastern NC Natural Gas provides this service, and has plans to extend this service
further into the county.
C. Telephone
Sprint Telecommunications provides telephone service to the entire county.
d. Internet Service
Several companies support access numbers. for dial -up internet service in the county.
However, the entire county does not have internet access.
12. Storm Water Management
a. Introduction
Storm water discharges are generated by run-off from land and impervious areas such as
paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops during rainfall and snow events. They often
contain pollutants in quantities that can adversely affect water quality and create flooding
problems. When roads, parking lots, sidewalks, homes, and offices replace the natural and
permeable landscape, rainfall that would once soak into vegetated ground is now available for
storm water runoff. As surfaces become more and more impermeable, water simply moves across
them. These impermeable surfaces connect to form a storm water super highway. One of the
effects of this water super highway is that more and more storm water reaches streams because
97

there is less opportunity for it to infiltrate the ground. Peak flows also increase, transporting
runoff from large areas rapidly. Velocities in streams increase causing more erosion potential,
and lastly, base flow is lower during dry weather because of a lack of infiltration. Using a
traditional analysis, such as the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) storm water model,
TR 55, or the United States Corps of Engineers' (USCE) many versions of HEC, it can be shown that
peak flows alone can increase by as much as four times from pre -post development conditions.
Flooding is the result of this urbanization.
b. Erosion and Sedimentation
Erosion and sedimentation have long been recognized as water quality concerns. The
North Carolina legislature passed laws to curb sedimentation in 1973; however, sedimentation
remains the number one pollutant in NC waters. In the 1990s, the focus of the Piedmont and
Eastern NC watersheds turned towards excess nutrients in surface waters. The excess was due
to extensive farming operations in the area. Fertilizers contain nutrients for plants to grow, but
if excess fertilizer is inadvertently applied to pavement, these nutrients enter the waters during
runoff periods causing harm to water quality. Even proper amounts of applied fertilizer can allow
nutrients to enter streams in other ways, such as atmospheric deposition, wildlife and pet waste,
and septic system malfunctions.
There are numerous ways to reduce pollutant loading. Proper application of fertilizer and
proper maintenance of septic systems can reduce loading. Structural devices can also help curb
this problem. These structural devices, known as Best Management Practices (BMPs), can be
constructed to treat runoff, thereby reducing the amount of pollutant that enters the waterways.
These BMPs include wet ponds, storm water wetlands, infiltration trenches, wells,' sand filters,
bioretention rain gardens, rubble spreaders, riparian buffers, and reinforcing grassy swells.
C. EPA Regulations
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun implementation of Phase 11 of the
Storm Water Management Plan. These policies apply to municipalities with populations greater
than 10,000 and with densities of 1,000 per square mile. For municipalities that meet these
parameters, submittal of a storm water management plan is required. Phase 11 regulations also
apply to entities designated under the 1990 census as a Small MS4 (Small Municipal Separate
Storm Sewer System). MS4's are defined as a publicly -owned conveyance or system of
conveyances designed or used for collecting and conveying storm water. MS4's are not combined
with sewer and are not part of a publicly -owned treatment facility. Municipally -owned MS4's can
include counties, towns, airports, federal properties, hospitals, schools, etc. Small community
98

MS4's are regulated if they discharge into impaired or sensitive US waters. In addition, counties
classified as a Tier 4 or Tier 5 county are regulated. At this time, Camden County is not required
to meet the new EPA Phase II Storm Water Management Program regulations.
The EPA has developed guidelines for implementing the Phase 11 Storm Water Management
Program. The storm water pollution problem has two main components: the increased volume
and rate of runoff from impervious surfaces and the concentration of pollutants in the runoff.
Both components are directly related to new developmental and urbanizing areas. Both
components also cause changes in the hydrology and water quality that result in a variety of
problems, such as habitat modification, increased flooding, decreased aquatic biological diversity,
and increased sedimentation and erosion. Effective management of storm water runoff offers a
multitude of possible benefits. Benefits include protection of wetlands and aquatic eco-systems,
improved quality of receding water bodies, conservation ofwater resources, protection of public
health through flood control, and improved operation and hydraulic characteristics of streams
receiving run-off, all of which can cause higher peak flow rates that increase frequency and
duration of bank full and sub -bank full flows. Increased occurrences in downstream flooding can
also be reduced by lowering base flood levels, such as with traditional flood control methods that
rely on the detention of the peak flows. They are generally not targeted to the reduction of
flooding and in many cases have exacerbated the problems associated with changes in hydrology
and hydraulics. The EPA recommends an approach that integrates control of storm water peak
flows and the protection of natural channels to sustain physical and chemical properties of
aquatic life.
The EPA has outlined six (6) steps for the development of BMP's for a storm water
management plan. The six steps are as follows:
(1) Public Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts
(2) Public Involvement and Participation
(3) Elicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
(4) Construction Site and Storm Water Runoff Control
(5) Post -Construction Storm Water Management, and New Development or
Redevelopment
(6) Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
d. Construction Activities
Storm water runoff from construction activities can have a significant impact on water
quality, contributing sediment and other pollutants exposed at construction sites. The NPDES
99

Storm Water Program requires operators of both large and small construction sites to obtain
authorization to discharge storm water under a NPDES construction storm water permit. In 1990,
the Phase 1 Storm Water Management Program regulations addressed large construction
operations that disturbed five (5) or more acres of land. The NPDES program also addresses small
construction activities — those that disturb less than five (5) acres of land — which were included
in the Phase 11 final rule. Construction activities that disturb over one (1) acre of land are required
to develop and implement a storm water pollution prevention plan specifically designed for the
construction site. The development implementations of the plan follow the basic phases listed
below:
(1) Site Planning and Design Development Phase
(2) Assessment Phase
(3) Control Selection/Design Phase
(4) Certification/Verification/Approval Phase
(5) Implementation/Construction Phase
(6) Final Stabilization/Termination Phase
e. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering
In August of 2000, the State of North Carolina developed a thirty (30) foot buffering rule
for all new development in the twenty coastal counties governed by the Coastal Area Management
Act (CAMA). This rule applies to all navigable waters, excluding the ocean, which has previously
established setback requirements. The development of this buffer does not restrict the
construction of water dependent structures, such as docks and boat ramps. The benefits of the
buffering include the following:
(1) Flood Control — by reducing the velocity and providing a collection area for storm
water runoff and precipitation. Buffers encourage water infiltration into the
ground, rather than flooding low-lying areas.
(2) Groundwater Recharge —buffers are also beneficial to recharging the ground water
supply and promoting ground water flow.
(3) Soil Erosion Prevention — vegetated buffers stabilize the soil and reduce
sedimentation.
(4) Conservation of Coastal Riparian Wildlife Habitats — these natural areas provide
breeding, nesting, and habitat, and protect wildlife from predication. Vegetated
buffers help increase the diversity of wildlife while providing site for foraging and
corridors for dispersal.
Q1111

f. Storm Water Management as Related to Camden County
Camden County is a low-lying coastal county in northeastern North Carolina. The southern
half of the County forms a peninsula surrounded by the North River, Albemarle Sound, and
Pasquotank River. The northern portion of the County is comprised mainly of the Great Dismal
Swamp. Elevations in the county range from twenty (20) feet above sea level to sea level. The
southeastern quadrant of the County is comprised of a large swamp area bordering the North
River. The Pasquotank River as far north as South Mills borders the western portion of the
County. Creeks along the western half of the County flowing into the Pasquotank River include
Mill Dam Creek, Raymond Creek, Portohonk Creek, Areneuse Creek, Sawyer's Creek, and Joyce's
Creek. Approximately 67% of the County is located in flood hazard areas. While the Phase II
Storm Water regulations address flood problems associated with storm water runoff, Camden
County experiences flooding problems due to the lack of ability to drain the County. The flat,
low-lying nature of the land slope of the County prevents adequate runoff potential during
storms.
Low-lying areas in the County present isolated pockets of flooding conditions. Numerous
areas in the southern portions of the County are affected by wind tides. Southerly winds will
push waters up from the sounds into these low-lying areas. The stronger the winds, the quicker
the water rise. Much of the time the water comes in. much faster than it can go out, creating
flooding conditions. Rainfall events compound the issue. Areas affected by these wind tides are
along NC Highway 343 near Shiloh, areas around NC Highway 343 and Mill Pond Road, all of the
area south of Old Trap, and the Indian Town area along Trotman Road. A dike and pump system
has been investigated for areas along Goose Creek. Sawyers Creek is a major drainageway for the
central portion of the County. Wind tides and rains cause flooding problems along this creek as
far inland as Lambs Road and the Belcross area.
Drainageway and creek carrying capacities are associated primarily with tail water
conditions or a backing -up of water as a result of development and changing drainage way flow
patterns. Results of this are being seen in the northern portion of the County along the Joyce
Creek drainageway. It is thought that large developments north of South Mills are creating too
much flow for the Cypress Run and Mill Run creeks which feed into Joyce Creek. Organizations
such as Resource and Conservation Development (RC&D) have provided funds to clear and snag
creeks. Edna Creek was recently cleared and snagged but more work is needed due to
sedimentation buildup. It may be necessary to acquire easements along these drainage ways for
proper maintenance. Refer to Map 22 for existing problem areas with regard to localized storm
water flooding.
101

17
Subbasin
03-01-50
South Mills -
17 Subbasin
'--
03-01-54
� 1
158
343
a _.n
Camden - - 01
1 158
h
Please Note: Camden County's Watershed ���'��'p• �����
District Boundaries have not yet been defined.
6 6 6 12 Miles
Albemarle Sound
V
Map 22
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Areas of Potential
Storm Water
Flooding
Legend
Subasin 03-01-54
� Subbasin 03-01-50
CDCamden County
Major Roads
Hydrology
Areas of Storm Water Concern
i
N
W-* r.
N
s
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
Tla Prt+Cetaoor nl9 Rao w5n nrarceJ In GaR
mwM�lnar.,iereii VrNrIh�vAl+4m lrv:ue6
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102

New development within the County should address off -site drainage issues by analyzing
the downstream conditions of the drainageway. Each project flows to one or more outlets and
each outlet makes its way to one of the swamps or surface water bodies within the County. This
analysis should also determine adequate water carrying capacity. The USCE HEC analysis can be
used to determine drainageway patterns and locate areas where water can cause back up, thus
causing flooding.
Camden County is typical of other rural areas. Most homes are located on large lots.
These are generally one residential unit per acre, with a minimum lot size of 20,000 square feet.
Generally, residential runoff does not pose a significant threat to fragile lands or surface waters
in the County.
The applicable areas of potential stormwater flooding are depicted on the study areas
existing land use maps (Maps 15, 16, 17, and 18) and on the study areas future land use maps
(Maps 29, 30, 31, and 32). Policies addressing stormwater management in the village/corridor
subareas and the county as a whole are identified in the stormwater control policies, page 148.
In addition, the growth principles discussed in Section VI.D., page 170 will be implemented in the
village/corridor subareas.
Nutrient loading of surface waters in the North Pasquotank River through storm water
runoff has not generally been a significant problem in the County. The farmers and planners in
the County recognize the potential dangers to the surface water area from the fertilizer nutrient
loading of the drainage basins. To a great extent, they have initiated the BMP recommendations
of the Soil Conservation Service.
Flooding is a potential problem in approximately 67% of the County, according to the
Floodplain Boundary map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Floodplain areas are essentially located along the shores of the North and Pasquotank Rivers, the
Albemarle Sound, and extensive swamp areas in the northern and southern areas of the County.
The greatest flood threats to the County are storm surge and wind tides, particularly in the
Camden Point area. The County participates in the Federal Flood insurance Program. In
November of 1991, the County adopted a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance.
The county is currently conducting a drainage study for the various creek watershed areas
with the goal of establishing watershed districts that can generate funds for ongoing maintenance
of drainage ditches and tributaries.
103

E. EXISTING LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
A thorough analysis of all impediments to development, as well as existing community facilities,
has been completed in the preceding sections. All of these variables factor into suitability for
development for a specific piece of property. In order to assess what affect the various man-made
and environmental constraints will have on development throughout Camden County, an overlay
analysis was performed. This overlay analysis is a GIS-based process geared toward evaluating
the suitability of land for development. The procedure is very similar to the practice developed
by Ian McHarg, in which geospatial data layers are referenced to each other in an effort to
determine what portions of a land mass appear to be the most favorable sites for a specific land
use.
The overall process utilized Arcview GIS software with the Spatial Analyst extension along with
data layers provided by the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
(NCG1A). The analysis takes into consideration a number of factors, including natural systems
constraints, compatibility with existing land uses and development patterns, existing land use
policies, and the availability of community facilities. The end product of this analysis is a land
suitability map that shows underutilized land that is suited or not suited for development (see
Map 23). This map can be used as a foundation for the discussion and formation of county -wide
land use policy and should be compared to the future land use map (Map.29, page 187) and the
future land suitability map (Map 26, page 124). The major difference between the existing and
future land suitability maps is that the future land suitability map reflects the impact of the water
and sewer systems proposed to be constructed by the county.
Land suitability analysis involves the application of criteria to the landscape to assess where land
is most and least suitable for development of structures and infrastructure. A computer
application is not essential for this analysis, but greatly simplifies the process. There are eight
key steps to completing the overlay analysis:
(1) Define criteria for the analysis
(2) Define data needed
(3) Determine what GIS analysis operations should be performed
(4) Prepare the data
(5) Create a model
(6) Run the model
(7) Analyze results
(8) Refine model as needed
104

MAP 23
P
x
Ph
�GQ
L
1 ,
Albemarle Sound
5 0 5 Miles
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Existing Land Suitability
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
Existing Land Suitability
Least Suitable
Low Suitability
Medium Suitability
High Suitability
` The blue and orange dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
TN p=o 1io, of Nis mao naa financed in Pan
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105

All of these steps have been completed, and as noted above, the end product is displayed on
Map 23. There were no additions or adjustments to the default layer sets and weighting factors
provided by the Division of Coastal Management to the county for the existing land suitability
analysis map. Prior to producing the map, data was compiled and each data layer in conjunction
with criteria was assigned a weight. The county was then divided into one -acre squares. Each
of these one -acre squares of land was given a score based on how that respective piece of
property related to each data layer. The score for each data layer was multiplied against that
given layer's weight. The scores for each layer were added together to determine a suitability
rating for that one -acre square of property. The suitability rating falls into four primary
categories: least suitable, low suitability, medium suitability, and high suitability.
The following table summarizes all data layers used, including the criteria and weight assigned
to each layer.
Table 46
Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table
Criteria and Rating
LeastLow Medium High Assigned
Layer Name Suitable` Suitability Suitability Suitability Weight
0 2 1 +2
Coastal Wetlands Exclusion" Inside -- Outside --
Exceptional & Substantial Exclusion* Inside -- Outside
Non -Coastal Wetlands
Estuarine Waters Exclusion' Inside -- Outside --
Protected Lands Exclusion` Inside -- Outside --
Storm Surge Areas Weighted - Inside -- Outside 2
Soils (Septic Limitations) Weighted -- Severe Moderate Slight 2
Flood Zones" Weighted - Inside - Outside 2
HQW/ORW Watersheds Weighted -- Inside - Outside 1
Natural Heritage Areas Weighted -- <500' -- >500, 1
Hazardous Substance Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Disposal Sites
NPDES Sites Weighted - <500' >500' 1
Wastewater Treatment Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Plants
Discharge Points Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1
Land Application Sites Weighted -- <500' - >500' 1
Developed Land Weighted >1 mi .5 - 1 mi <.5 mi 1
106

Table 46 (continued)
Criteria and Rating
Least Low Medium High Assigned
Layer Name Suitable Suitability Suitability Suitability Weight
0 -2 1 +2
Roads Weighted -- > 1 mi .5 1 mi <.5 mi 2
Water Pipes Weighted -- >.5 mi .25 - .5 mi <.25 mi 3
- Sewer Pipes Weighted - >.5 mi .25 - .5 mi <.25 mi 3
"Data layers that are slated as exclusion have a suitability of 0 or 1, meaning that if a specific one -acre
piece of property falls within one of these areas, it is automatically considered least suitable for
development.
"*NOTE: October 2004 flood data utilized.
Source: NCGIA and CAMA.
Overall, land in Camden County is predominantly unsuitable for development. Tables 47, 48, and
49 provide a summary of land suitability acreage based on the results of the overlay analysis. The
_majority of the land within the county determined to have a high suitability rating is located
around the communities of Shiloh, Camden, and South Mills. A large percentage of the land cover ,
within Camden County is comprised of wetlands. Thus, large portions of the county are
automatically considered unsuitable for development regardless of how these areas relate to the
rest of the factors in consideration. Existing developed areas have not been excluded.
Table 47
Camden County Acreage
Suitability Acreage % of Total
Least Suitable 86,678 57.6
Low Suitability 21,058 14.0%
Medium Suitability 23,081 15.3%
High Suitability 19,740 13.1
Total 150,557 100.0
Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April, 2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis.
107

Table 48
Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage
Suitability
Acreage
% of Total
Least Suitable
61,921
55.3%
Low Suitability
14,908
13.3%
Medium Suitability
18,796
16.8%
High Suitability
16,255
14.5%
Total
111,880
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April,
2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis.
Table 49
Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage
Suitability
Acreage
% of Total
Least Suitable
24,742
64.0%
Low Suitability
6,150
15.9%
Medium Suitability
4,285
11.1%
High Suitability
3,485
9.0%
Total
38,662
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April,
2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis.
F. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
Camden County has an active seven member Planning Board which works with the County
Commission to oversee the county's land use management program. The county currently utilizes
Title XV, Chapter 151 of the Camden County Code, adopted January 1,1998, as the basis for all
land use regulation. This Code is a culmination of several stand-alone documents that have been
adopted and amended over time. Zoning was originally adopted by the county in 1972. Since
that time the Code has undergone several revisions, with major updates taking place in 1993 and
1998, in conjunction with adoption of the Code.
The following provides a summary of the county's land use related codes, ordinances, and plans.
108

1. Camden County Code (Title XV, Land Usage)
Camden County Code, Title XV, governs all land development within the county. Chapters
included in this section are: Chapter 150 — Building Regulations, Construction; Chapter 151 —
Unified Development; and Chapter 152 —Watershed Protection.
Camden County. adopted its first zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations in 1972. The
zoning ordinance underwent significant revisions in 1993, and new subdivision regulations were
adopted in 1990, re-enacting portions of the 1972 regulations. Both of these documents were
included in the establishment and adoption of the current Camden County Code. Recently the
county established community appearance standards that are included in Chapter 151 of the
Code.
The zoning portion of the Code breaks the county into the following zoning districts.
Table 50
Camden County
Zoning Districts and Acreage
% of Total
Type of Development Zoning Category Acreage Acreage
Community Core CCD 377 0.25%
General Use GUD 110,972 73.71%
Highway Commercial HC 1,153 0.77%
Light Industrial I-1 5,237 3.48%
Heavy Industrial I-2 41 0.03%
Marine Commercial MC 381 0.25%
Neighborhood Commercial NCD 13 0.01%
Planned Residential Development PUD 185 0.12%
Residential 1 R-1 793 0.53%
Residential 2 R-2 4,481 2.98%
Residential 3-1 R-3-1 3,027 2.01%
Residential 3-2 R-3-2 23,897 15.87%
Total 150,557 100.00%
Source: Camden County and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003).
109

Map 24 can be referenced for the location of these districts. A majority of the county is zoned
for General Use. This zoning class was established to allow for very low residential development
along with a variety of agricultural uses. The Planning Board reviews all proposed developments
and changes to the Code, and forwards their recommendation to the County Commissioners, who
ultimately decide on approval. Prior to a hearing by the Planning Board, county staff reviews all
proposed developments to assess compliance with all regulations outlined in the Code. In the
event of an appeal, variance, or conditional use request, the county has a Board of Adjustment.
In addition to zoning and subdivision regulations, the Camden County Code provides guidelines
for development and land use in all of the following areas:
• Streets and Sidewalks
• Parking
• Landscaping and Shading Requirements
• Utilities
• Open Space and School Sites
• Supplemental Use Regulations
Planned Unit Development Regulations
• Conditional and Special Use Regulations
• Floodplain, Drainage, and Storm water Management Regulations
• Signs
2. North Carolina Building Code
Camden County adopted and put into use the North Carolina Building Code in 1982. The county
has adopted in their entirety the North Carolina State Building Code, North Carolina Heating
Code, North Carolina Electrical Code, and the North Carolina Uniform Residential Building Code.
The county's building codes establishes regulations for the following:
(1) The location, design, materials, equipment, construction, reconstruction,
alteration, repair, maintenance, moving, demolition, removal, use and
occupancy of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected
or attached to such building or structure;
110

Subbas
j 03-01-5
_l
t
South Mills
`N��� ����� f •�
r
Albemarle Sound
1 __---_—_—
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
Map 24
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Zoning
Classification
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
I 1 J Subbasin 03-01-50
Hydrology
Zoning
Community Core
General Use
Heavy Industrial
Highway Commercial
Light Industrial
Marine Commercial
Neighborhood Commercial
Planned Unit Development
Residential
Residential
Residential 3-1
Residential 3-2
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1 '11

(2) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of
plumbing systems consisting of house sewers, building drains, waste and
vent systems, hot and cold water supply systems, and all fixtures and
appurtenances thereof;
(3) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of
mechanical systems consisting of heating, ventilating, air conditioning and
refrigeration systems, fuel burning equipment, and appurtenances thereof;
and
(4) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of
electrical systems and appurtenances thereof.
The county building inspector is designated to enforce all of the county's building regulations.
3. Septic Tank Regulations
The District Health Department enforces regulations (Title 10 ofthe North Carolina Administrative
Code) which control development density in Camden County. The regulations establish minimum
lot sizes and permissible soil conditions for the installation of on -site sewage disposal systems
of less than 3,000 gallons. The minimum lot size for septic tank approval in the county is 15,000
square feet for lots served by public water and 20,000 square feet for those using on -site water
supplies. These standards are county -wide minimums and are contingent on certain soil
conditions and the drainage characteristics of the building site.
4. National Flood Insurance Program
Camden County is a participant in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program.
Enrollment in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program is initiated by a
voluntary agreement between the local jurisdiction and the federal government. It is agreed that
if a community implements and enforces measures to reduce the risk from flooding in special
flood hazard areas, the federal government will make flood insurance available within the
community to mitigate future flood losses. As required by the NFIP, the county has adopted a
flood damage prevention ordinance that is included in the UDO. This ordinance assures that the
ground floor of all structures located in FEMA-designated 100-year flood zones have a base floor
higher than the defined 100-year flood elevation.
112

5. Review of the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan Update
Camden County completed a CAMA Land Use Plan that was approved by the Coastal Resources
Commission on July 29,1988. In 1993, this plan was updated and was approved on July 29,1994.
This document has served as the county's primary land use management guide since 1994.
The 1993 Camden County CAMA Land Use Plan included 30 specific implementing actions.
Camden County has been extremely successful in implementing the 1993 plan. Therefore, the
county believes the 1993 policies have been effective. Of the 30 actions, 27 have either been
accomplished or are in progress. These are listed below. The success at implementing the 1993
policies indicates that the policies were clear and effective. The few which have not been
accomplished will be addressed in the policy action section of this plan. This list is a
reproduction of the text from the 1993 plan. NOTE: there are duplications in the text of the 1993
plan.
The 1993 Land Use Plan land use categories were developed to be consistent with the county's
zoning patterns. However, the reader is cautioned that because of the general indication of land
use on the 1993 existing land use maps,.direct comparison to the zoning map is not possible.
ACCOMPLISHED
1. The County will rely on the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Division of Coastal Management, to regulate development in coastal wetlands
and along estuarine shorelines and to protect estuarine waters through the CAMA
permitting process. Also, it will rely on the regulations of other state and federal agencies
with regulatory authority, as well as on existing local development regulations to mitigate
threats to AEC's.
2. The County will monitor development proposals for compliance with Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act and will continue to enforce local land use ordinances.
3. The County will guide development so as to protect historic and potentially historic
properties in Camden County and to perpetuate the County's cultural heritage.
4. The Countywill utilize its development controls and will rely on state and federal agencies
with jurisdiction to minimize the impact of man-made hazards.
113

5. The County will strictly enforce lot size requirements and rely on the District Health
Department to oversee and regulate septic tank installation and operation. The County
will consider seeking financial assistance from state and federal agencies to construct
sewage facilities to correct critical sewage disposal problems. The County will prepare
and adopt an ordinance and management plan as required by the Water Supply/Watershed
Protection Act in 1993-94.
6. The County will rely on the Division of Environmental Management to oversee the
operation and management of all package treatment plants in the County.
The County will support investigations by the District Health Department and North
Carolina State University concerning the use of package treatment plants as a method of
solving some of the severe sewage disposal problems in several of its communities.
7. The County will rely on existing land use controls to regulate the amount and percentage
of building coverage on any developable lot. It may also consider additional regulations
to control the amount of impervious surfaces that may be permitted on a building lot and
may choose to require drainage plans prior to the approval of major subdivision
developments.
8. The County will encourage local farm organizations to maintain on -going educational
programs and demonstrations that will keep farmers informed of best management
practices and available assistance.
9. The County will rely on local, state, and federal agencies with regulatory authority to
regulate marinas, dry stack storage facilities, and floating homes within its borders.
10. The County will continue to enforce the Flood Plain Ordinance and participate in the
Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program. It will rely on the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management to
monitor and regulate development in areas up to. five feet above mean high water
susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss.
11. The County will rely on state and federal agencies with jurisdiction to regulate upland
excavation for marina basins. It will encourage such activities in cases where intrusion of
marina facilities into a waterway would interfere with the use of the waterway by the
general public.
114

12. The County will rely on the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division
of Coastal Management to monitor and regulate bulkheading activities.
13. The Countywill continue to participate in the regular phase ofthe Federal Flood Insurance
Program and to enforce the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Subdivision regulations
will be enforced — requiring elevation monuments to be so that floodplain elevations
can be more easily determined.
14. The County will complete the rewrite of its zoning regulations and adopt same in 1993
and will enforce these and other land use regulations to minimize the sacrifice of prime
agricultural lands for other uses.
15. The County will enforce its zoning regulations and rely on state permitting agencies to
regulate mining activities.
16. The County will enforce its zoning regulations and seek assistance from the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources to develop additional public accesses and boat
ramps. It will rely on state and federal agencies to promote and protect the Great Dismal
Swamp, as well as other nursery and habitat areas.
17. The County will continue to encourage the use of best forest management practices.
18. The County will continue to maintain the Industrial Development Committee and seek
grant monies to encourage and promote economic and industrial development through
advertising, land acquisition, and infrastructure improvements. It will encourage the
creation of investment clubs by the private sector to make start-up monies available to
new businesses. It will support the recruitment and siting of commercial and industrial
establishments in areas already similarly developed and in public or private industrial
parks that may develop.
It will also encourage the preparation and distribution of materials such as the pamphlet
"Camden County, North Carolina — A Great Alternative" which serve to highlight the
County's location, transportation system, and proximity to institutions of higher learning.
19. The County will complete the south Camden water'system project and encourage the
private development of compatible central water systems for new developments through
the development review policy. The County will rely on its existing land use and
development ordinances to regulate these developments and may amend or modify
115

regulations to encourage or require the provision of central water service to lots or
parcels proposed in new developments. The County will investigate, with the Institute
of Government, the use of impact fees as a way of making new development pay for the
services demanded. The County will continue to provide solid waste disposal, law
enforcement, and educational services to all developments in the County at current
service levels.
20. The County will complete the review and rewrite of its zoning regulations in 1993. It will
enforce zoning regulations and maintain a qualified professional staff and may employ a
planner to administer and enforce the regulations necessary for orderly growth and
development. Itwill also maintain the Industrial Development Committee and seek grant
monies to encourage and promote economic and industrial development.
21 The County will seek state and federal financial and technical assistance for community
improvements. The County may apply for a Community Development Block Grant for the
rehabilitation of areas of substandard housing after identifying same. The County will
continue to enforce the Camden County Housing Code and support the regulatory efforts
of the District Health Department.
22. The County, through its boards, commissions, and committees, will monitor state and
federal programs and regulations. Itwill use opportunities as they are presented to voice
support for or to disagree with programs and regulations that are proposed by state and
federal agencies.
23. The County will continue to maintain the Industrial Development Committee and seek
grant monies to encourage.and promote economic and industrial development.
24. The County may investigate strategies such as providing self -guided tour materials or
promoting and cooperating with the functions and committees of area chambers of
commerce to increase tourist activity at its historic sites. It will continue to support the
Great Dismal Swamp Visitor/Welcome Center.
The County will work with the Tourism Division of the Northeastern North Carolina
Economic Development Commission as it studies how the County can be a productive part
of the "Partnership for the Sounds" being marketed by the Tourism Division.
116

The County will investigate amendments to existing development regulations to require
developers to donate funds or land for the provision of public waterfront access in the
next two years — beginning with the Subdivision Ordinance. Should suitable sites for
accesses become available, the County will apply for grant monies to construct same. It
will lobby state legislators to support amendments to funded access programs to also
include inland waters.
25. The County will complete the review and rewrite of its zoning ordinance and adopt a
revised ordinance in 1993. It will enforce its zoning, subdivision, and other land use
regulations, relying on state and federal agencies and personnel when and where
applicable. It also will maintain a qualified professional staff and may employ a planner
to administer and enforce the ordinances necessary for orderly residential growth and
development.
26. A Public Education and Citizen Participation Plan was approved by the Camden County
Board of Commissioners on March 1,1993. It was designed to give citizens and interested
parties opportunities to voice their views on land use policy issues throughout the 1993
Camden County Land Use Plan Update.
Three public informational meetings were held on March 22, 23, and 24,1993 by (or for)
the Camden County Planning Board to receive some initial input from citizens and
interested parties regarding issues and areas of concern. The issues and areas of concerns
discussed at these and subsequent meetings were considered by the Planning Board and
the Board of Commissioners as policies and implementation strategies were developed
for the 1993 Update.
27. With respect to the threat of high winds, Camden County will follow and enforce the
North Carolina State Building Code and requirements regarding design for high velocity
winds. The County will enforce tie -down requirements for mobile homes. It will also
enforce construction and mobile home installation standards for 100-mph winds.
With respect to flooding, the County will support the hazard mitigation elements of the
National Flood Insurance Program. Camden County will enforce regulations regarding
elevation and flood -proofing of buildings and utilities. The County will supportthe CAMA
and 404 Wetland Development permit processes.
117

Regarding the effects of wave action and shoreline erosion, the County will continue to
support the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal
Management and CAMA permitting procedures. It also supports FEMA's regulations
concerning elevation and setbacks.
NOT ACCOMPLISHED
1. The County will encourage a county -wide survey of historical sites by local volunteers or
state and federal agencies and will seek grant monies within the next two years for the
complete inventory of historically significant structures and sites.
2. The County will take a more active stance regarding the state permitting authorities and
their oversight of mining activities by communicating grievances to the appropriate state
agencies and officials.
3. The County will seek educational grants to subsidize continuing education at nearby
colleges and universities and support community education programs.
G. FUTURE DEMANDS
1. Introduction
The following section serves to provide a basis for future demands on the County's infrastructure.
Future demands on County services and infrastructure have been estimated based on future
growth projections. This review takes into account several factors including local objectives
concerning growth as well as foreseeable social and economic change.
If growth within the county is not properly accommodated and thoughtfully channeled, the
County's ability to provide schools, social services, law enforcement, utilities, recreation,
historical preservation, and other important, essential government services may be jeopardized.
On May 13, 2004, the County adopted an ordinance establishing a moratorium for a period of 365
days from the date of adoption. The moratorium shall exist on the approval of any residential
subdivisions consisting of the creation of two (2) lots plus residual or more, which had not
received a sketch plan prior to November 17, 2003. During the period of this moratorium, the
planning staff of the County will expeditiously study, review, and recommend to the Board of
Commissioners such procedures as will ensure a responsible, safe, and healthy pattern of growth
for the County. Such recommendations shall include, but not be limited to, the adequacy of
118

County infrastructure to serve continued growth, the appropriateness of new or amended
ordinances, the deletion of existing ordinances, better staff utilization, the existence and effect
of current and projected growth patterns, traffic impacts arising from subdivision development,
water availability and quality, and any other relevant topics which may assist in the preservation
and protection of the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Camden County.
2. Future Land Use Needs
a. Housing Trends
Over the last five years, Camden County has issued an average of 152 residential building
permits per year. This average includes single-family development, Class A and B mobile homes,
and modular units. Residential growth has remained steady over this period, and can be expected
to continue at this rate during the planning period. According to the land suitability analysis
presented earlier in the plan, there are 43,186 acres of land (28.7% ofthe total County) with a land
suitability rating of _medium or high. Of this acreage, 38,158 acres are residentially zoned.
Although the highly suitable land appears to be distributed fairly evenly throughout the county,
these areas generally follow the county's major highway corridors. Future residential growth is
expected to occur along these corridors as well as in the Villages of Camden, Shiloh, and South
Mills. One factor influencing this growth is commuters moving into the County from the
Tidewater Virginia area.
It should also be noted that the City of Chesapeake commissioned a study through the
Urban Land Institute which was published in January, 2003. This study addressed a large 4,000
acre tract of land located along the North Carolina -Virginia border. The tract of land is referred
to as the Williams tract. A small portion of the total tract extends into Camden County.
Presently, it is unclear if the Camden County portion of the property will be developed. The City
of Chesapeake has targeted this piece of property as a possible location for a node of economic
and residential growth. The Urban Land Institute study has recommended the site as an
appropriate location for a new mixed -use development. The majority of the property should be
utilized for residential purposes, but it also offers opportunities for "clean" industrial,
commercial, and institutional uses. The .Urban Land Institute has listed Camden County as a
possible source for utilities during the initial phases of development.
b. Commercial Land Use
Commercial land use patterns throughout Camden County are not expected to undergo
any drastic changes during the planning period. According to the existing land use survey
119

discussed earlier in this plan, Camden County currently has 122 acres of commercial land. Most
of these commercial properties are located in the Camden and South Mills townships.
Additionally, there are 1,547 commercially zoned acres of land in the County. Approximately 75%
of the commercially zoned property in this area is designated as a Highway Commercial district.
The remaining commercial zoning districts are designated as Community Core, Neighborhood
Commercial, and Marine Commercial. These remaining districts combined only make up roughly
0.05% or 770 acres within the County. The table below provides the intended uses within each
of these districts. This indicates that future commercial growth will be concentrated primarily
along the Highway 17 corridor in South Mills, and the Highway 158 corridor which runs through
the Camden Township.
Table 51
Camden County
Commercial Districts
District Intended Use
Highway Commercial This district is designed to provide for and encourage the proper grouping
and development of roadside uses which will best accommodate the needs
of the motoring public along US 17, US 158, and NC 343.
Community Core This district is designed to provide the core commercial use in the County's
three villages (Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills) to help meet social,
shopping, employment, and some housing needs of the County's rural
residents in a village -type environment.
Neighborhood This district is designed primarily to encourage the concentration of
Commercial commercial facilities, as necessary, outside the community core villages but
still in clusters and to provide readily accessible shopping facilities for rural
residents.
Marine Commercial This district is designed to provide for the development of businesses which
depend upon or are significantly related to waterfront and tourist locations.
Source: Camden County Code.
As shown earlier in Table 19, the Camden County population can be expected to increase
by approximately 1,529 persons by the year 2015. While it is impossible to convert this
population increase into an accurate forecast of increased commercial acreage, the population
increase is generally indicative of the commercial land use increase which may be expected to
occur. It can be assumed that commercial development within the County will continue to grow
at a fairly slow pace. A majority of Camden County residents will continue to rely on retail
centers and services provided across the Pasquotank River in Elizabeth City.
120

c. Industrial Land Use
As discussed in the existing land use analysis section, there is limited industrial land use
within Camden County. In fact, industrial land use occupies only 0.92% or 1,381 acres of the
entire County. It is 'anticipated that active industrial recruitment efforts will result in some
growth to the industrial sector within the County during the planning period.
The County zoning map classifies 3.48% (5,237) of the County as Light Industrial, and 0.03%
(41 acres) as Heavy Industrial. These industrially zoned properties are located in the northern
portion of the County along Highway 17, and along Highway 158 east of Camden. There are plans
for the development of an industrial park adjacent to the proposed Camden County Landfill. The
plans for this park are still in development; however, the anticipated completion date will be
during FY05-06. Refer to Map 25 for the locations of both the proposed Industrial Park and the
Camden County Landfill.
d. Future Land Suitability
In order to gauge the effect that proposed water and sewer service improvements will
have on development within Camden County, the Land Suitability model was run to include the
locations of these improvements. There were no additions or adjustments to the default layer
sets and weighting factors provided by the Division of Coastal Management to the county for the
existing and future land suitability analysis maps. The same model was -used that was discussed
earlier in the plan; however, the proposed improvements were added. Table 52 and Map 26
provide the results of the new analysis, as well as a comparison to the results of the original LSA
model (refer to the existing land suitability map on page 105 for a visual comparison). The
amount of acreage determined to be highly suitable for development through running the future
model increased slightly. This increase can be attributed to the installation of sewer along the
Highway 343 corridor. Other than the effect that the proposed sewer installation will have on
the Highway 343 corridor, land suitability throughout the rest ofthe county remained consistent.
(NOTE: The October 2004 flood data was utilized to produce the future land suitability analysis
map.) Because of severe limitations for development, the extension of sewer and water service
north of the proposed wastewater treatment sprayfield will not have any significant implications
for development, especially west of US 17 in the Dismal Swamp.
121 -

Camden County
Proposed Industrial Park
and Landfill
North Carolina/ Virginia Border
..... ....... ............ ............................................--_ . _ .. _ __.._ _ -- ,.
17
Proposed
Industrial Park. \ \\�� , Proposed Landfill
\- 1 \
n....•.•...•....n;..,;n ....._.•........
\ ' ` •\, `, �\ ...n.rw..r,.u..wn.u.{...y„y„ • 1 ....n utn• .n..n. n
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I,,t�•
\` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ • . • • • . • • • • • • nn. nm.nnn...n.n•.n.nn . n.....nm.....n...nnuu....u..h,�,,,,,,,,,.............. . n. u.n.....
�` _ _--_ ,,n.nu..n•unnn.n. n.nrn.• . .nun ....... ............ ...... .......•AuA...l n. u. n.n....u.r
N \
N � `
17
\
Legend
Camden County Line
Proposed Industrial Park
O Proposed Landfill
The preparation of this map was financed in part through a
grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
\ Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is
\ administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
\ ti Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
\ •� Administration.

Table 52
Camden County
Future Land Suitability
Existing
Future
Camden County Acreage
Acreage
% of Total
Total Acres
% of Total
Least Suitable
86,678
57.6%
86,678
57.6%
Low Suitability
21,058
14.0%
20,480
13.6%
Medium Suitability
23,081
15.3%
17,515
11.6%
High Suitability
19,740
13.1%
25,884
17.2%
Total
150,557
100.0%
150,557
100.0%
Existing
Future
Subbasin 03-01-50
Acreage
% of Total
Total Acres
% of Total
Least Suitable
61,921
55.3%
61,921
55.3%
Low Suitability
14,908
13.3%
14,330
12.8%
Medium Suitability
18,796
16.8%
13,230
11.9%
High Suitability
16,255
14.5 %
22,399
20.0%
Total
111,880
100.0%
111,880
100.0%
Existing
Future
Subbasin 03-01-54
Acreage
% of Total
Total Acres
% of Total
Least Suitable
24,742
64.0%
24,742
64.0%
Low Suitability
6,150
15.9%
6,150
15.9%
Medium Suitability
4,285
11.1%
4,285
11.1%
High Suitability
3,485
9.0%
3,485
9.0%
Total
38,662
100.0%
38,662
100.0%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April, 2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis.
123

5 D 5 Miles
A
X
�h
Albemarle Sound ,
I•
1 a
V
MAP 26
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Future Land Suitability
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
Subbasin 03-01-50
Future Land Suitability
Least Suitable
Low Suitability
Medium Suitability
High Suitability
" The blue and orange dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
The preperaton of Ihia map — financed in (_an
I,—gh a gran! P,.,.dal ty the NMh CuMina
Coaaml raanegemerdPrag-am. Ama9h funds praridad
by the Coemal 2.1e M-agamera AO f 1072. en
amended, which m admmolmed by the Offlu of
Oaan and Q'0' N ReW"M rAanegdmnt. NdliaOl
Oceanic and ..ki—phmic Adminisiatim,
124

3. Future Infrastructure/Community Facilities Needs
a. Transportation
There are several construction projects included in the current North Carolina Department
of Transportation's (NCDOT) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). These projects will
serve to address bridge and highway improvements throughout the County. The following table
provides a summary of all projects to be completed under NCDOT's current TIP. Map 27 provides
the location of these projects within the County. It is emphasized that improvements are needed
to the NC 343/US 158 intersection.
Table 53
Camden County
NCDOT TIP Projects
Project
Location*
Description
Length
Total Est. Cost
Schedule
Number
(Miles)
(Thousands)
R-2574
US 158
East of NC 34 at Belcross in
10.1
$38,200
To be completed
Camden County to NC 168 in
outside of the current
Currituck County (widen to
TIP planning period
multiple lanes)
of 2010
R-2414
US 158 to
East of Pasquotank in
5.6
$20,625
In Progress
NC 34
Elizabeth City to east of NC
(Acquisition) -
34 in Belcross (widen to
Construction FY04 —
multiple lanes)
FY06
B-4451
NC 343
Jarvis Creek Replace Bridge
N/A
$660
FY06 — FY07
No. 21
B-4452
NC 343
Sawyer Creek Replace Bridge
N/A
$880
FY06 — FY07
No. 20
B-3426
SR1224
Joyce Creek Replace Bridge
N/A
$415
Under Construction
No. 2
B-4453
SR 1235
Creek Replace Bridge No. 19
N/A
$660
FY07 — FY08
E-4504
US 17, US 17
Virginia State Line to Village
N/A
$1,085
In Progress
Bus., SR
of South Mills (construct
1243 (Mullen
multi -use path)
Road)
'Location of these projects are shown on Map 27.
Source: NC Department of Transportation TIP.
125

South Mills
f�
` Albemarle Sound
- — — — — — — — — — — _
5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles
Map 27
Camden County
Land Use Plan
NC Department
of Transportation
Transportation
Improvement Program
Proposed Projects
Legend
Subbasin 03-01-54
w
Subbasin 03-01-50
OCamden
County
Major Roads
TIP Projects
TIP Project ( E-4504)
TIP Projects ( R-2414 and R-2574)
Hydrology
* Refer to Table 49
for a description of
the proposed projects
The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
...,
ueJ. ry iAie�>� ..........
y..
126

Projects R-2574 and R-2414 on US 158 will improve traffic flow and lessen congestion.
The E4504 project on US 17 is an NCDOT Enhancement Project intended to improve pedestrian
and bicycle access to Camden County.
b. Education
The Camden County School System received a $17 million grant to be used for the
renovation of all three schools in the system. Existing school capacity is discussed on page 95
of this plan. Renovations for Grandy Primary School, Camden Middle School, and Camden High
School are essentially complete.
The Superintendent appointed a Steering Committee comprised of a cross-section of the
community to prepare a strategic plan for the school system. The plan addresses the mission and
vision of the school system. In addition, the plan outlines action plans to be undertaken that will
help the school system maintain high quality education for the youth in the County.
The Camden County Schools Mission Statement is as follows:
Through a passion for student -centered learning, the Camden County
School System will provide educational opportunities that will create
students who can compete andflourish in an ever -changing global society.
The school system began implementation of a five-year Technology Plan in 1995. A
technology task force was assembled to update that plan in 2002. The mission of the plan is to
assess the current situation of technology, create and/or modify the vision for future needs, and
evaluate current progress. Additionally, the county is currently in the planning phase for
construction of anew Grades 3-5 school with an estimated cost of $7,561,733.
Camden County prepared a school population projections report. According to the report,
upon build -out of the following subdivisions: Wharfs Landing, Camden Plantation, Raymond's
Creek, Tall Tree Commons, Deerfield Manor, Bell Farm Estates, Eddie's Acres, Magnolia Manor,
Pine Ridge, Tar Corner, Danson's Grant, Sawyer's Creek Landing, Bartlett's Landing, and Taylor's
Beach Landing, the existing schools serving Camden County citizens will be at or over capacity.
(NOTE: A total of 675 buildable lots are anticipated for these subdivisions, as indicated in
Appendix VII.)
127

C. Recreation
As discussed earlier in the plan, Camden County currently operates one public park. The
County has an intergovernmental agreement with Pasquotank County permitting the use of all
recreational facilities for Camden County residents. The County does not currently have a Parks
and Recreation Plan, and there are no plans to expand their recreational services. Residents will
continue to have full access to all outdoor recreational facilities located at each of the County's
three public schools.
d. Water System
The most significant demand for water service expansion is along Highway 17 in the
northern portion of the County. This project will include 73,000 feet of 12-inch water main from
Burnt Mills to the North CarolinaNirginia border along Highway 17, and a 300,000 gallon elevated
water storage tank in the South Mills area of the County. The cost of this project was estimated
at $3,800,000.
In addition to these improvements, funding will also serve to expand the South Camden
Water & Sewer District Reverse Osmosis Plant. The plant is expandable to twice its current
capacity of 576,000 GPD. This expansion will assist in providing services to both the growing
residential customers within Camden County, as well as the regional water supply system to
Currituck County. The County is currently working to secure funding through a variety of
agencies to complete this project. Refer to Map 28 for the location of all proposed water system
improvements. The cost of this project was estimated at $4,000,000. All improvements are
expected to be completed by FY04.
e. Sewer System
Camden County does not currently provide any sewer service throughout the county. In
2001, Hobbs, Upchurch & Associates, P.A., prepared a report to address the sewer needs within
Camden County.The report recommended that the County pursue land application of the
treatment, and that the land application site be located in the central portion of the County. The
project was presented to state funding agencies, and state officials recommended the land
application scenario, even though this scenario will cost roughly $6 million more than alternative
solutions.
128

CAMDEN COUNTY LAND USE PLAN
Future InfrastrLiCtLire Map
Od" A T 1C% III— A 7171Tl!l n t In \ ATT T. V
The preparation of this map was financed in
part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program,
through funds provided by Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended,
which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
129

The report also addressed what areas will be considered for service including the
village/corridor subareas. The study recommended Phase I to run down Highway 158 from the
railroad tracks to the medical park. This phase would also include all three schools and the
Courthouse.
The total cost of this project is estimated at $6,500,000 which the County has secured
through a combination of funding sources in order to begin work on sewer installation. The
sewer plant will be built using reuse standards. The site was selected near the intersection of
Highway 17 and Keeter Barn Road. This requires sewer lines along US 17 and these lines will
extend to the North Carolina -Virginia state line. The extension of lines to the state line will help
serve a 4,000-acre development to be located in the City of Chesapeake (see policy PA 6 on page
143). The spray field will be located at the intersection of Highway 17 and McPherson Road. The
County has purchased 350 acres for land application. The projected completion date for the first
phase of the project is July, 2006.
Future phases will encompass all ofthe following proposed service areas: the Highway 158
corridor out to Belcross, the Country Club Road area, the Piney Acres area, and the White Hall
Shores area.
An additional report was prepared by Hobbs, Upchurch in 2002. This report looked at
providing service to the commercial area along Main Street in South Mills, as well as the
developed area in and around South Mills. The report recommends installing gravity sewer to
Main Street at a cost of $3,300,000. These improvements would also include an expansion to the
proposed wastewater treatment facility. The County is in the process of identifying a funding
source for this phase of the sewer installation. Refer to Map 28 on page 129 for the location of
the proposed County sewer system. This map provides anticipated primary sewer line locations.
In the future, service lines may extend from these main service lines. The village/corridor future
land use maps delineate the proposed water and sewer line locations.
The reports prepared by Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates were based on the following
assumptions: (1) growth occurring in these areas to warrant the new system, and (2) securing the
funding to pay for the improvements.
f. Storm Drainage
Camden County will rely on existing land use controls to regulate and monitor total
percentage of building coverage on undeveloped lots. The County will .encourage local
organizations to maintain ongoing educational programs and administration that will keep
130

farmers informed of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and available assistance. The Countywill
continue to participate in the regular phase of the Federal Flood Insurance Program, and to
enforce the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Developers should be required to model
downstream drainage conditions to prevent flooding conditions as a result of additional
impervious surface area. Developers may be required to acquire the necessary easements along
drainageways for ongoing maintenance programs.
The County recently received a grant from the NC Division of Water Resources to perform
the Camden County Drainage and Floodway Study. The purpose of the study is to provide an
analysis of drainage and floodway issues within the county. The county is receiving assistance
from the Albemarle Resource and Conservation Development and the Natural Resource
Conservation Service. Phase I of the plan consists of establishing base levels for water
management and determining places for conservation measures to be installed. Phase II,
occurring simultaneously with Phase I, involves the county's establishment of Special Use Water
Management Districts. These districts are based on the watersheds and/or the amount of area
the county wants to include in each district. Phase III involves setting priorities for water
management projects. Taxes obtained through the special use districts will be used to address
the priorities. At the time this plan was written, Phases I and II were underway. The project is
expected to be completed by late summer 2005.
g. Solid Waste
As noted earlier in the plan, Camden County utilizes the Pasquotank County Transfer
Station to ship all solid waste to the Bertie County Landfill. The waste is collected from three
different convenience centers located throughout the County. All of these convenience centers
are operated by Waste Industries.
Camden County is currently in the planning phase of establishing a landfill in the northern
portion of the County. The site for the landfill is a 330-acre piece of property located in northern
Camden County along the North CarolinaArrginia border. The landfill should be completed
within five years. Once the facility is opened, all solid waste from the County convenience center
will be transferred to the Camden County Landfill. Waste Industries will still operate the
convenience centers. The only change with respect to the convenience centers will be a change
in location for the center located on Highway 117 North. This center will be relocated to
Chantilly Road. No details have been finalized, but the Camden County Landfill will also
accommodate waste from out of state. As the County proceeds through the landfill project,
specific details about which counties will be utilizing these services will be available. See Map 25
on page 122 for the location of the Landfill.
131

Issues associated with the new landfill site include:
• Buffering from adjacent land uses, especially residential development.
• Added truck traffic on US 17.
• Protection of groundwater resources.
• Regulation of stormwater runoff:
h. Law Enforcement
The Camden County Sheriffs Department operates three separate units: patrol,
investigations, and School Resource Officers. There are currently 13 full-time and two part-time
sworn officers. The County Sheriff recently completed a Manpower Plan with the help of the
County Commission that outlines the expansion necessary to accommodate increasing law
enforcement needs within the County. This plan recommends adding one full-time sworn officer
per year. The Sheriffs Department annually seeks grant funding through several North Carolina
agencies to be used for the hiring of additional officers and purchasing equipment. Although
these programs require matching funds, it drastically decreases the total cost of these expenses
on the County. The Department has secured funding over the last year for an additional School
Resource Officer through the Universal COPS Hiring Program, and currently has another
application in for one more additional officer in this unit. The Sheriff anticipates hiring a total
of three additional officers over the next fiscal year. Additional office space for the Sheriffs
Department must be provided.
i. Fire and Rescue Services
Camden County is served by two fire districts. The Camden -Shiloh District recently
constructed a new fire station in Camden and has plans to construct a new facility in Shiloh.
Construction on the new station should begin within the next three to four years. In addition to
construction, the District plans to upgrade trucks and gear in the same time period.
A committee has been formed by the South Mills Fire District Chief to find land to
purchase for the construction of a new fire station. The new station would require approximately
three acres. The station would also house a rescue squad.
Camden County receives rescue services from the Pasquotank/Camden Rescue Squad and
the Pasquotank County Ambulance Service. Both entities use the same equipment. At this time,
there are no plans for physical expansion. However, there are plans to establish critical care
132

transportation as a support to the hospital. This service would require an additional ambulance
and appropriate training for employees and squad members.
j. Administrative Services
The county needs additional administrative space. Consideration is being given to moving
the Planning Department to a modular unit behind the existing administration building and
acquiring land east of NC 343 adjacent to the existing county courthouse property for an
additional administration building.
k. Community Facilities Deficiencies
Community facility deficiencies are addressed in Section V (G), Future Demands, page 118
and issues and capabilities for expansion discussed above. However, the following summarizes
the most urgent community facilities needs:
• Establishment of water and sewer infrastructure (see page 128 to 130).
Insufficient administrative office space.
Insufficient space for the Sheriffs Department (see page 132).
• Implementation of the county's Transportation Improvement Program (see page
125).
133 .

SECTION VI. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE
A. LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS
This section of the plan is intended to guide the development and use of land in Camden County.
The future land use maps and policies are intended to support Camden County's and CAMA's
goals. Specifically, this section includes Camden County's goals, land use development policies,
and the future land use maps for the county and the seven individual study areas. The future land
use maps and the specified development goals are based on the Camden County community
concerns (identified on pages 6 and 7 of this plan) and the future needs/demands (identified in
Section V (G) of this plan).
B. POLICIESAMPLEMENTING ACTIONS
1. Introduction
It is intended that the policies included in this plan are consistent with the goals of CAMA. This
plan will address the CRC management topics for land use plans and comply with all state and
federal rules and regulations. The following will serve as a guideline to assist in assuring that this
land use plan will guide the development and use of land in a manner that is consistent with the
management goal(s), planning objective(s), and land use plan requirements of this plan. These
policies/implementing actions will apply in the county as a whole and the individual study areas.
All policies/implementing actions shall be used for consistency review by appropriate state and
federal agencies.
Within the village/corridor subareas, the policies and implementing actions included within this
plan apply. However, policy P.31 and implementing action 1.27 on page 149 specifically address
the implementation of"smart growth" actions within the subareas. In addition, the infrastructure
carrying capacity policies and implementing actions focus on the subareas (seepage 151).
Resource conservation and impact analysis issues are addressed throughout the policies and
implementing actions included in this plan. However, the following conservation related policies
and implementing actions are emphasized:
• Public Access, page 139.
• Conservation, page 147.
• Stormwater Control, page 148.
• Natural Hazard Areas, page 155. ,
134

• Water Quality, Page 157.
• Cultural, Historical, and Scenic Areas, page 162.
Specifically, in implementing this plan, the Camden County Planning Board and Board of
Commissioners will continually do the following:
• Consult the Land Use Plan during the deliberation of all re -zoning requests.
• Consider the following in deliberation of all zoning petitions:
— Consider the policies and implementing actions of this plan and all applicable
CAMA regulations in their decisions regarding land use and development (including
15A NCAC 7H).
— All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A decision to
re -zone or not to re -zone a parcel or parcels of property cannot be based on
consideration of only one use or a partial list of the uses allowed within a zoning
district.
— Zoning decisions will not be based on aesthetic considerations.
- Requests for zoning changes will not be approved if the requested change will
result in spot zoning. Spot zoning is a form of discriminatory zoning whose sole
purpose is to serve the private interests of one or more landowners instead of
furthering the welfare of the entire community as part of an overall zoning plan.
Spot zoning is based on the arbitrary and inappropriate nature of a re -zoning
change rather than, as is commonly believed, on the size of the area being re-
zoned.
Zoning which will result in strip development should be discouraged. Strip
development is a melange of development, usually commercial, extending along
both sides of a major street. Strip development is often a mixture of auto -oriented
enterprises (e.g., gas stations, motels, and food stands), and truck -dependent
wholesale and light industrial enterprises along with the once -rural homes and
farms that await conversion to commercial use. Strip development may severely
reduce traffic -carrying capacity of abutting streets by allowing for excessive and
conflicting curb cuts.
135

The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning deliberations.
Uniformity is a basic premise of zoning which holds that all land in similar
circumstances should be zoned alike; any different circumstances should be
carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such different treatment.
— Zoning regulations should be made in accordance with the Camden County Land
Use Plan and designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure safety from
fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the general welfare; to
provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid
undue concentration of population; and to facilitate the adequate provision of
transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements.
The regulations shall be made with reasonable consideration, among other things,
as to the character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and
with a view to conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most
appropriate use of land throughout Camden County's planning jurisdiction.
Specifically, the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners should ask the
following questions:
O Does Camden County need more land in the zone class requested?
o Is there other property in the county that might be more appropriate for
this use?
O is the request in accordance with the Camden County land use plan?
o Will the request have a serious impact on traffic circulation, parking space,
sewer and water services, and other utilities?
o Will the request have an impact on other county services, including police
protection, fire protection, or the school system?
O Is there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will result in
lessening the enjoyment or use of adjacent properties?
O Will the request, as proposed, cause serious noise, odors, light, activity, or
unusual disturbances?
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o Does the request raise serious, legal questions such as spot zoning,
hardship, violation of precedents, or need for this type of use?
0 Does the request adversely impact any CAMA AEC's or other
environmentally sensitive areas including water quality?
It is intended that this plan will serve as the basic tool to guide development/growth in Camden
County subject to the following:
The Camden County Land Development Ordinances should be revised from time to time
to be consistent, as reasonably possible, with the recommendations of this plan and the
evolving nature of the county's growth and development policy.
• Land development regulations should be designed: to lessen congestion in the streets; to
secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the general
welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid
undue concentration of population; and to facilitate the adequate provision of
transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements.
• Camden County will coordinate all development proposals with appropriate State and/or
Federal agencies.
2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AEC's
Camden County accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and development in AEC's.
By reference, all applicable state and federal regulations are incorporated into this document.
However, Camden County does not consider the following issues to be relevant at this time:
• Outstanding Resource Waters
• Maritime Forests
• Shellfishing Waters
• Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands
• Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impact on any Resource
• Dredging
• Beach Nourishment
All policies and implementing actions are to be utilized by the State of North Carolina for
consistency review. Note the following:
• No policy is subordinate to another.
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• All management topics have equal status.
• The future land use map may show some areas in a developed category which may also
include sensitive habitats or natural areas. The intent is that development should be
designed/permitted to protect these areas through utilization of concepts such as cluster
development. Development/project approval will be based on project design which avoids
substantial loss of important habitat areas.
• The village and highway corridor plans are intended to be consistent with the county -wide
future land use map.
C. LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS
1. Introduction
The purposes of the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) management topics are to ensure that
CAMA Land Use Plans support the goals of CAMA, to define the CRC's expectations for the land
use planning process, and to give the CRC a substantive basis for review and certification of CAMA
Land Use Plans. Each of the following management topics (Public Access, Land Use Compatibility,
Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Transportation, Natural Hazard Areas, Water Quality, and Local
Areas of Concern) include three components: a management goal, a statement of the CRC's
planning objective, and requirements for the CAMA Land Use Plan. These policies apply to the
entire county including the seven future land use study areas which are identified on Maps 30
through 36 on pages 188 to 194. The local concerns which should be addressed in this plan are
identified on pages 6 and 7. These concerns and issues were utilized to develop the goals and
objectives which are included in this plan. Most of the policies and implementing actions are
continuing activities. In most situations, specific timelines are not applicable. Refer to page 169
for a list of those policies/implementing actions which have a specific schedule. The policies and
implementing actions frequently utilize the following words: should, continue, encourage,
enhance, identify, implement, maintain, prevent, promote, protect, provide, strengthen, support,
work. The intent ofthese words is defined in Appendix V. Please note: Policies and Implementing
Actions are number consecutively throughout this document with the letter "P" denoting a policy
and the letter "I" denoting an implementing action.
2. Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics
The development of this land use plan has relied heavily on the CAMA-prescribed existing
suitability analysis which is included in Section V (E) of this document and the future land
suitability analysis which is included in Section V (G)(2)(d) of this document. It is intended that
this document is supportive of the CAMA regulations for protection of AEC's (1 SA NCAC 7H).
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This plan is intended to support the Camden County vision statementwhich was developed based
on the key issues identified on pages 6 and 7 of this document and the CAMA AEC regulations.
No negative impacts are anticipated by the implementation of the goals, objectives, and policies
which are included in this plan. Also refer to Tools for Managing Development, page 200.
Note: It is intended that all policies are consistent with (do. not exceed) applicable State and
Federal requirements when State and Federal requirements apply.
3. Public Access
a. Management Goal Camden County will maximize public access to the beaches and the
public trust waters of the coastal region.
b. Planning Objective: Camden Countywill develop comprehensive policies that provide beach
and public trust water access opportunities for the public along the shoreline within the
planning jurisdiction.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following are Camden County's policies/implementing
actions for waterfront access. All policies are continuing activities.
Policies:
P.1 The county supports the Great Dismal Swamp Visitor/Welcome Center and tourism
and recreational related developments that protect and preserve the natural
environment while promoting the county as a tourist destination. It supports the
private and public development of waterfront access through private funds and
grant monies. It also supports the work of the Northeastern North Carolina
Economic Development Commission. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.2 Camden County supports providing shoreline access for persons with disabilities.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.3 Camden County supports the frequency of shoreline access as defined by 15A
NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies. However, emphasis will be
placed on providing access to the Great Dismal Swamp and the Shiloh Township
area. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
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PA Camden County supports state/federal funding of piers for crabbing and fishing.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.5 Camden County supports the development of estuarine access areas to ensure
adequate shoreline access within all areas of the county. Areas that have
traditionally been used by the public will be given special attention. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions:
1.1 Camden County will revise its subdivision ordinance to include the provisions of
NCGS 153A-331 which allow for requiring the developer of a subdivision to be
charged recreation fees as follows: "The subdivision ordinance may provide that
a developer may provide funds to the county whereby the county may acquire
recreational land or areas to serve the development or subdivision, including the
purchase of land which may be used to serve more than one subdivision or
development within the immediate area."
The funds may be utilized to provide increased shoreline access. Schedule. Fiscal
Year 2005 2006.
1.2 Camden Countywill prepare a shoreline access plan and request Division of Coastal
Management funding for the preparation of the plan. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005-
2006.
1.3 Camden County will pursue funding under the North Carolina CAMA Shoreline
Access funding program (15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies).
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.4 Camden County will pursue private sources of funding for the development of
shoreline access facilities, including donation of land. Schedule. ContinuingActivity.
1.5 In areas adjacent to the Great Dismal Swamp, Camden County will pursue funding
from the Department of Archives and Natural History and the federal government
for the provision of shoreline access sites. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
140 .

1.6 The county will cooperate with state and federal agencies to secure estuarine
access areas to ensure adequate shoreline access within all areas of the county.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
NOTE: There are no shoreline areas in Camden County targeted for shoreline/beach
nourishment.
4. Land Use Compatibility
a. Management Goal: Camden County will ensure that development and use of resources or
preservation of land minimize direct and secondary environmental impacts, avoid risks to
public health, safety, and welfare, and are consistent with the capability of the land based
on considerations of interactions of natural and manmade features.
b. Planning Objectives:
i. Camden County will adopt and apply local development policies that balance
protection of natural resources and fragile areas with economic development.
ii. Camden County's policies will provide clear direction to assist local decision
making and consistency findings for zoning, divisions of land, and public and
private projects.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following are Camden County's policies/implementing
actions for land use compatibility:
Policies- Residential:
Camden County supports revisions to the North Carolina State Statutes which
would allow the local imposition of impact fees or special legislation to allow them
in Camden County. Impact fees would be levied against land developers to
establish a revenue source to support the additional demand for services generated
by the people occupying the proposed developments such as roads, schools, water
and sewer infrastructure, and recreational facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
The county supports repair and reconstruction of privately -owned dwelling units
through private funds and/or grants. It supports the enforcement of existing
regulations of the District Health Department regarding sanitary conditions.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.6
P.7
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P.8 Camden County supports discouraging the re -zoning of existing residentially -
developed or zoned areas to a non-residential classification as reasonably possible.
Such re -zoning and amendments in classifications to the future land use map
should be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such proposed
development that will be the best overall land development policy for Camden
County's future land use and protecting established residentially -developed areas.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.9 Camden County supports greater residential densities in areas that are accessible
to water and/or sewer service(s). Agricultural and low density residential land uses
should be located in areas that do not have county water or sewer service.
Office/Institutional/Multi-family land uses should be developed along
transportation thoroughfares to provide transition between commercial nodes and
to preserve vehicle carrying capacity. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.10 Camden County supports quality development reflecting the spectrum of housing
needs, from low -end (affordable) residences to high -end (luxury) residences.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.11 Camden County supports regulating growth to coincide with the provision of
public facilities and services. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.12 The county should discourage development in areas designated for low -density
residential/agricultural use with the exception of low -density residential/agriculture
land uses as much as reasonably possible. A large majority of the future land use
map is designated as low -medium density residential/agricultural land use (see
Map 29). Because of its current land use patterns, rezoning and amendments to
the future land use map should be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for
such proposed development that will be the overall best management policy for
Camden County's future land development. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.13 Camden County supports wooded buffers along thoroughfares. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
P.14 Camden County supports utilizing Office/Institutional/Multi-family development as
a buffer between light industrial and commercial development and adjacent
residential land uses. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
142 "

P.15 The county supports providing adequate conservation/open space buffers between
areas designated for residential development as indicated on the future land use
map and any adjacent non-residential land use, including agricultural areas.
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005-2006.
P.16 The county supports the City of Chesapeake's efforts to develop the 4,000 acre
tract of land located along US Route 17, adjacent to the northern Camden County
border. The proposed mixed -use development will assist in the county's economic
development efforts and provide a source of jobs for county residents. The county
may provide utilities to the project site; however, provision of these utilities will
be limited due to the existing utility demands of the county. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
Implementing Actions - Residential:
I.7 All re -zoning and subdivision approvals will consider the existing and future land
use suitability maps and analyses which are included in this plan. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
1.8 Camden County will permit residential development to occur in response to
market needs provided that the following criteria are met:
(1) Due respect is offered to all aspects of the environment.
(2) if deficient community facilities and services are identified, the county
should attempt to improve such to the point of adequately meeting
demands.
(3) Additional residential development should concurrently involve planning
for improvements to community facilities and services if excess capacity
does not exist within those facilities and services.
(4) Residential development is consistent with other Camden County policies
and the land use map as contained in this plan update.
This implementing action will be enforced through the Camden County zoning and
subdivision ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.9 Camden County will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances and consider
establishing floor area ratio requirements to ensure that development is consistent
with the density requirements of this plan. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006.
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The following defines floor area ratio: Floor area ratio is determined by dividing
the gross floor area of all buildings on a lot by the area of that lot.
Comment. The floor area ratio (FAR) was developed as a more refined and
adaptable measure of intensity than building coverage. It expresses in one
measure, instead of several, the mathematical relation between volume of building
and unit of land. However, FAR cannot replace more traditional bulk controls
entirely. Often, it is not a sufficient height control nor does it regulate the
placement of the building on the site.
(- 0.5 Ft
E-- 2.0 F)
1.10 The countywill consider revisions to the zoning ordinance for non-residential sites
to ensure adequate buffering and landscaping to separate residential and
incompatible non-residential uses, and adequate regulation of off -site lighting,
hours of operation, and vehicular driveway locations. Schedule: Fiscal Year2005-
2006.
1.11 The Camden County zoning ordinance will be revised to include an
office/institutional zoning district. Schedule. Fiscal Year20052006.
1.12 The countywill require through zoning and subdivision regulation an interior road
system that provides vehicular access to lots abutting major thoroughfares.
Consider reviewing existing design standards to ensure effective limitation of
driveway entrances. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
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I.13 Camden County, through revision of its zoning ordinance, will limit "strip"
residential development along highways and certain roads carrying heavy traffic
and encourage service roads or an internal street pattern to eliminate direct
driveway connections to highways and roads. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.14 The county will regulate through its zoning and subdivision ordinance the
development of conflicting land uses along the US 17, US 158, and NC 343 highway
corridors. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
L15 The county will consider the merits of establishing a minimum housing code to
ensure that all occupied structures are fit for human habitation. Schedule. Fiscal
Year 2006 2007.
1.16 The county will pursue Community Development, North Carolina Housing Finance
Agency, and United States Department of Agriculture funds from state and federal
sources for rehabilitation or redevelopment of substandard housing. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
Policies - CommerciallIndustrial:
P.17 Camden County supports commercial development at the intersections of major
roads (i.e., in a nodal fashion) consistent with the county's future land use map (see
Map 29). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.18 The county supports properly permitted mining activities within its borders.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
PA 9 Camden County deems industrial development within fragile areas and areas with
low land suitability acceptable only if the following conditions are met:
(1) CAMA minor or major permits can be obtained.
(2) Applicable zoning ordinance provisions are met in zoned areas.
(3) Within coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust waters, no
industrial use will be permitted unless such use is water related.
This policy applies to both new industrial development and to expansion of
existing industrial facilities. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
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P.20 Camden County opposes the establishment of private solid waste/landfill sites in
the county which are not licensed by the county. Schedule Continuing Activity.
P.21 Camden County supports the recruitment and siting of environmentally compatible
light industrial and commercial establishments within its borders in areas that are
already similarly developed or in public or private industrial parks to minimize the
sacrifice of prime agricultural lands for such development. The county also
supports the Northeastern North Carolina Economic Development Commission in
its efforts to promote economic development in the county. The county does not
encourage the conversion of prime farmland to residential use. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
P.22 Camden County supports industrial development which will be located adjacent to
and/or with direct access to major thoroughfares. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.23 Camden County supports the development of industrial sites that are accessible to
county water and sewer services. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.24 Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare,
noise, odor, and vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous products
such as explosives, should not be located in Camden County. Schedule. Continuing
Activity.
P.25 Industry should be located in conformance with the county's land use plan. This
includes placing emphasis on light industrial development. Schedule. Continuing
Activity.
Implementing Actions - Commercial/Industrial:
1.17 The county will enforce its zoning regulations and rely on state permitting
agencies to regulate mining activities. The county will take a more active stance
regarding the State permitting authorities and their oversight of mining activities
by communicating grievances to the appropriate State agencies and officials.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
1.18 Camden County will rely on its zoning ordinance in zoned areas and the CAMA
permitting program with regard to new industrial development and expansion of
existing industrial facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
146.

1.19 Camden County will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to ensure
compliance with policies P.17 and P.20 through P.25. Schedule: Fiscal Year2005-
2006.
Policies - Conservation: -
P.26 Except as otherwise permitted in this plan, residential, commercial, and industrial
development should not be supported in natural heritage areas or coastal
wetlands. Residential, commercial, and industrial development which meets 15A
NCAC 7H use standards will be allowed in estuarine shoreline, estuarinewater, and
public trust areas. In all other areas, development will be allowed that is
consistent with applicable local, state, and federal regulations. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
P.27 Camden County will support larger lots in conservation classified areas through
enforcement of the county subdivision and zoning ordinances in zoned areas.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.28 Camden County supports the maintenance of its rural atmosphere. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions - Conservation:
1.20 Protect Camden County's fragile areas from inappropriate, unplanned, or poorly
planned development through the following:
-- By implementing the Camden County Zoning Ordinance, limit land uses in
the vicinity of historic sites and natural heritage areas to compatible land
uses. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
-- Camden County will coordinate all housing code enforcement/
redevelopment projects/public works projects with the NC Division of
Archives and History to ensure the preservation and identification of
significant historic structures and archaeological sites. Significant historic
sites are identified on page 77 of this plan. Note: Also see implementing
action 1.62 and 1.63 on page 163. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
1.21 Camden County will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to ensure
compliance with policies P.27 and P.28. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
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Policies - Stormwater Control:
P.29 Camden County supports reducing soil erosion, runoff, and sedimentation to
minimize the adverse effects on surface and subsurface water quality. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
P.30 The county supports the enforcement of all controls and regulations, specifically
design standards, tie -down requirements, construction and installation standards,
elevation requirements, flood -proofing, CAMA regulations, and FEMA regulations,
deemed necessary by the Board of Commissioners to mitigate the risks of lives and
property caused by severe storms and hurricanes. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing; Actions - Stormwater Control:
1.22 Camden County will consider adopting and enforcing a soil erosion and sediment
control ordinance. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
1.23 Camden Countywill support control of agricultural runoffthrough implementation
of Natural Resources Conservation Service "Agricultural Best Management
Practices" program (see Appendix IV). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.24 Camden County will support control of forestry runoff through implementation of
"Forestry Best Management Practices" as provided by the North Carolina Division
of Forest Resources (see Appendix II1). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.25 Camden County will consider adopting a landscaping ordinance to require that a
buffer of trees/vegetation be left between rights -of -way and any clear cut areas be
consistent with applicable state and federal regulations. Schedule: Fiscal Year2005-
2006.
I.26 Camden County will consider adopting and enforcing a stormwater control
ordinance which should include regulations for water detention and/or retention
facilities in new developments and provide regulations to control the amount of
impervious surface in a development. Schedule: Fiscal Year 20052006.
NOTE: Please refer to the Storm Hazard Mitigation section of this plan, pages 210
through 229.
148 '

Policies - CommunitylHighway Corridor Study Areas:
P.31 Within the Community/Highway Corridor Study Areas, Camden County supports
the concept of"smart growth" as described in Section VI (D) page 170 of this plan.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions - CommunitylHighway Corridor Study Areas:
1.27 .Camden County will review and update its zoning ordinance to incorporate the
"smart growth" concept. Schedule. Fiscal Year20062007.
5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity
a. Management Goal Camden County will ensure that public infrastructure systems are
appropriately sized, located, and managed so the quality and productivity of AECs and
other fragile areas are protected or restored. It is acknowledged that to achieve the
infrastructure carrying capacity goals, policies, and implementing actions, some utility
lines may have to extend through some environmentally sensitive areas.
b. Planning Objective: Camden County will establish level of service policies and criteria for
infrastructure consistent with the projections of future land needs.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements: Please refer to Maps 29 through 37 for delineation of the
proposed water and sewer service areas. The following are Camden County's policies for
infrastructure carrying capacity. All policies are continuing activities.
Policies:
P.32 Camden County supports providing adequate community services and facilities
which meet the needs of Camden County's citizens, businesses, and industries.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.33 Camden County supports providing sufficient water and sewer service to promote
economic development and to alleviate public health problems created by the
absence of public water and sewer services in Camden County. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
P.34 The county supports directing more intensive land uses to areas that have existing
or planned infrastructure. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
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P.35 The county supports the extension of water services from existing systems and
encourages the use of central systems for new developments whether residential,
commercial, or industrial in nature. It also supports the continued public provision
of solid waste disposal, law enforcement, and educational services to all citizens
of the county. Note: Also see policy P.79 on page 163. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
P.36 The county will rely on its existing land use and development ordinances to
regulate development and may amend or modify regulations to encourage or
require the provision of central water service to lots or parcels proposed in new
developments. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.37 The county supports the installation and use of properly permitted septic tank
systems and the enforcement of District Health Department regulations and local
development regulations regarding lot sizes and waste disposal system placement.
The countywill also encourage the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources to investigate the feasibility of using alternative waste
processing systems such as flushless toilets, incineration, and artificial wetlands in
areas with severe soil limitations. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.38 The county supports the use of properly permitted and maintained package
sewage treatment plants within its borders but outside of proposed sewer service
areas. Package sewer treatment plants will only be allowed in developments which
have been approved by the county. If any package treatment plants are approved,
the county supports requirement of a specific contingency plan specifying how
ongoing private operation and maintenance of the plant will be provided, and
detailing provisions for assumption of the plant into a public system should the
.private operation fail. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.39 The countywill support investigations by the District Health Department and North
Carolina State University concerning the use of package treatment plants as a
method of solving some of the severe sewage disposal problems in several of its
communities. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.40 Camden County supports providing .water and sewer services to identified
industrial areas when county resources are sufficient in order to encourage
industrial development. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
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P.41 in concert with this Land Use Plan, Camden County supports the master water and
sewer plan (Growth Management Plan) to guide new industrial development.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.42 The County supports the provision of public recreational facilities and areas and
will pursue grant funds for recreation facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions:
1.28 Implement the Camden County Growth Management Plan (2000) for water and
sewer, and plans for the provision of water and sewer service to the South Mills,
Camden, and Shiloh communities (see Maps 29 through 37). Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
1.29 Camden County will update the Growth Management Plan. This plan addresses
water and sewer needs and serves as a facility strategy plan and not a formal policy
document. The county will utilize the master water and sewer plan (Growth
Management Plan) as a guide to establishing service and funding priorities for
developing industrial areas. Schedule: Fiscal Year20062007.
1.30 Camden County will amend the future land use map, when needed, to reflect the
county's water and sewer extension projects as they are planned. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
1.31 Camden Countywill consult the future land use map when considering new public
facilities and private development. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.32 Camden Countywill consider revising water, and sewer extension policies to ensure
that public/private cooperation in the provision of infrastructure to serve new
development is encouraged. Schedule: Fiscal Year20062007.
1.33 The county will rely on the Division of Environmental Management to oversee the
operation and management of all package treatment plants in the county.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.34 The county will consider adopting an operating and capital financing plan for the
development of water and sewer systems outside of the proposed water and
sewer service areas. Schedule: Fiscal Year2007-2008.
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1.35 Camden County will revise the subdivision ordinance to incorporate provisions to
allow for the dedication of public park property and/or open space. This may
include a provision for payment in lieu of dedication if approved by the county.
Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
1.36 Camden County will consider establishing a land banking fund into which the
county may annually contribute funds. Schedule: Fiscal Year20072008.
1.37 Provide sufficient emergency management personnel and facilities to adequately
serve the projected population growth. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.38 The county will coordinate the development of recreational facilities with the
school system. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
6. Transportation
a. Management Goal: Camden County will achieve safe, efficient, reliable, environmentally -
sound, and economically feasible transportation within Camden County.
b. Planning Objective: Camden County will reduce traffic congestion and safety problems.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements:
Policies:
P.43 Camden County supports interconnected street systems for residential and non-
residential development. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.44 The county supports limited access from development along all roads and
highways to provide safe ingress and egress. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
P.45 Camden County supports subdivision development which utilizes the North
Carolina Department of Transportation Traditional Neighborhood Development
Street Design Guidelines. A Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) is a
human scale, walkable communitywith moderate to high residential densities and
a mixed use core. Compared with conventional suburban developments, TNDs
have a higher potential to increase modal split by encouraging and accommodating
alternate transportation modes. TNDs also have a higher potential for capturing
internal trips, thus reducing vehicle miles traveled. This should be emphasized in
the South Mills, Camden, and Shiloh study areas (see Appendix VI).
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A dense network of narrow streets with reduced curb radii is tundamental to "fND
design. This network serves to both slow and disperse vehicular traffic and provide
a pedestrian friendly atmosphere. Such alternate guidelines are encouraged by
NCDOT when the overall design ensures that non -vehicular travel is to be afforded
every practical accommodation that does not adversely affect safety
considerations. The overall function, comfort, and safety of a multi -purpose or
"shared" street are more important than its vehicular efficiency alone.
TNDs have a high proportion of interconnected streets, sidewalks, and paths.
Streets and rights -of -way are shared between vehicles (moving and parked),
bicycles, and pedestrians. The dense network of TND streets functions in an
interdependent manner, providing continuous routes that enhance non -vehicular
travel. Most TND streets are designed to minimize through traffic by the design
of the street and the location of land uses. Streets are designed to only be as wide
as needed to accommodate the usual vehicular mix for that street while providing
adequate access for moving vans, garbage trucks, fire engines, and school buses.
It is NCDOT's intent that the development encourage walking and biking, enhance
transit service opportunities, and improve traffic safety through promoting low
speed, cautious driving, while fully accommodating the needs of pedestrians and
bicyclists.
Such developments should have the potential to reduce the number of external
vehicle trips, and thus vehicle miles traveled, by 15% or more through provision of
commercial, recreational, and other resident -oriented destinations within a
walkable community. Traffic impacts, both on -site and off -site, should be
minimized. Revise zoning and subdivision ordinances. Schedule. Fiscal Year2005-
2006.
P.46 Camden County specifically supports the following transportation improvement
projects:
Project
Number Location Description
R-2574' US 158 East of NC 34 at Belcross in Camden County to NC
168 in Currituck County (widen to multiple lanes)
R-2414 US 158 to NC 34 East Of Pasquotank in Elizabeth City to east of NC
34 in Belcross (widen to multiple lanes)
B-4451• NC 343 Jarvis Creek Replace Bridge No. 21
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Project
Number
Location
Description
B-4452*
NC 343
Sawyer Creek Replace Bridge No. 20
B-3426*
SR1224
Joyce Creek Replace Bridge No. 2
B-4453*
SR 1235
Creek Replace Bridge No. 19
E-4504
US 17, US 17 Bus., SR 1243
Virginia State Line to Village of South Mills
(Mullen Road)
(construct multi -use path)
Refer to Table 53 on page 125 and Map 27 for further detail of TIP projects.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.47 The county supports maintaining an effective signage and addressing system for
all streets, roads, and highways. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.48 The county supports state and federal funding for maintenance/dredging of the
Intracoastal Waterway. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions:
1.39 Camden County will require where reasonably possible the utilization of frontage
roads in non-residential development along federal and state major highways.
Scheduler Fiscal Year20052006.
1.40 Camden County will establish a requirement for reverse frontage lots within
subdivisions to orient lots towards internal subdivision streets, not secondary
roads and highways. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
I.41 Camden Countywill require the construction of acceleration/deceleration lanes for
the entrances to major commercial and residential developments. This should be
accomplished through revisions to the county's subdivision ordinance. Schedule:
Fiscal Year 2005 2006.
I.42 Camden County will consider establishing traffic impact studies. Schedule. Fiscal
Year 2005 2006.
1.43 Camden County will consider revising its subdivision ordinance to encourage the
development of joint or shared driveways in newly approved subdivisions.
Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
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1.44 The county will review and update its subdivision ordinance to ensure compliance
with policies P.43 through P.48. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
7. Natural Hazard Areas
a. Management Goal: Camden County will conserve and maintain shorelines, floodplains, and
other coastal features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural
resources giving recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues.
b. Planning Objective: Camden County will develop policies that minimize threats to life,
property, and natural resources resulting from development located in or adjacent to
hazard areas, such as those subject to erosion, high winds, storm surge, flooding, or sea
level rise.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following are Camden County's policies/implementing
actions for natural hazard areas. All policies are continuing activities.
Policies:
P.49 The county supports the enforcement of local controls and the efforts of state and
federal agencies with regulatory authority to restrict development within areas up
to five feet above mean high water susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.50 The county supports the installation of properly engineered and permitted
bulkheads. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.51 Camden County supports the US Army Corps of Engineers' regulations and the
applicable guidelines ofthe Coastal Area Management Act and the use of local land
use ordinances to regulate development of freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404
wetlands. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.52 Camden County supports relocation of structures endangered by erosion, if the
relocated structure will be in compliance with all applicable policies and
regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
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P.53 Camden County recognizes the uncertainties associated with sea level rise. The
rate of rise is difficult to predict. Thus, it is difficult to establish policies to deal
with the effects of sea level rise. Camden County supports cooperation with
local, state, and federal efforts to inform the public of the anticipated effects of sea
level rise. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.54 Camden County supports hazard mitigation planning. Refer to the hazard
mitigation plan section of this document on page 210. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
P.55 Camden County supports the land use densities that are specified on page 199 of
this plan. Through enforcement of the zoning ordinance, these densities will
minimize damage from natural hazards and support the hazard mitigation plan.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions:
1.45 Camden County will continue to enforce its Floodplain Ordinance and participate
in the National Flood Insurance Program. It will rely on the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal
Management to monitor and regulate development in areas up to five feet above
mean high water susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss. Subdivision
regulations will be enforced — requiring elevation monuments to be set so that
floodplain elevations can be more easily determined. Schedule: ContinuingActivity.
1.46 The county will monitor development proposals for compliance with Section 404
of the Clean Water Act and will continue to enforce local land use ordinances to
regulate development of freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404 wetlands.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
I.47 Camden County permits redevelopment of previously developed areas, provided
all applicable policies, regulations, and ordinances are complied with. The county
will encourage redevelopment as a means for correcting housing problems,
upgrading commercial structures, and historic preservation (through rehabilitation
and adaptive reuse). Redevelopment, including infrastructure, should be designed
to withstand natural hazards. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
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1.48 Camden County will enforce the density controls in the zoning ordinance and
subdivision ordinance in redevelopment areas to control growth intensity.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.49 In response to possible sea level rise, Camden County will review all local building
and land use related ordinances and consider establishing setback standards,
density controls, bulkhead restrictions, buffer vegetation protection requirements,
and building designs which will facilitate the movement of structures. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
I.50 Camden County will utilize the future land use maps to control development.
These maps are coordinated with the land suitability maps and proposed
infrastructure maps. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
8. Water Quality
a. Management Goal: Camden County will maintain, protect, and where possible enhance
water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries. This should include
a means of addressing the complex problems of planning for increased development and
economic growth while protecting and/or restoring the quality and intended uses of the
basin's surface waters.
b. Planning Objective: Camden County will adopt policies for coastal waters within Camden
County to help ensure that water quality is maintained if not impaired and improved if
impaired.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following provides Camden County's policies/implementing
actions on water quality.
Policies:
P.56 The county supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and the
efforts and programs of the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural- Resources, Division of Coastal Management and the Coastal Resources
Commission to protect the coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, estuarine
shorelines, and public trust waters of Camden County. It also supports the use of
best management practices recommendations of the United States Soil
Conservation Service for both agricultural and forestry areas. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
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P.57 Camden County supports conserving its surficial groundwater resources. Schedule.
Continuing Activity.
P.58 The county supports commercial and recreational fishing in its waters and will
cooperate with other local governments and state and federal agencies to control
pollution of these waters to improve conditions so that commercial and
recreational fishing will increase. It also supports the preservation of nursery and
habitat areas, particularly the Great Dismal Swamp. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.59 The county supports the reforestation of clear cut timber lands and the use of best
forestry management practices. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.60 Camden County opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as defined by the US
Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of Hazardous Substances and Priority
Pollutants (developed pursuantto the Clean Water Act of 1977), within its planning
jurisdiction. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.61 Camden County recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to the
protection of fragile areas and to the provision of clean water for recreational
purposes and supports the control of stormwater runoff to aid in the preservation
of water quality. The county will support existing state regulations relating to
stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15
NCAC 2H.001-.1003). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.62 Camden County supports regulation of underground storage tanks in order to
protect its groundwater resources. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.63 Camden County supports the policythat all State of North Carolina projects should
be designed to limit to the extent possible stormwater runoff into coastal waters.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.64 Camden County supports implementation of the Pasquotank River Basin Water
Quality Management Plan. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.65 The county supports protection ofthose waters known to be of the highest quality
or supporting biological communities of special importance. Schedule. Continuing
Activity.
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P.66 The county supports management of problem pollutants, particularly biological
oxygen demand and nutrients, in order to correct existing water quality problems
and to ensure protection of those waters currently supporting their uses. This
effort should focus on residential development adjacent to Joyce, Areneuse, and
Sawyer's Creeks. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.67 Camden County opposes the installation of package treatment plants and septic
tanks or discharge of waste in any areas classified as coastal wetlands, freshwater
wetlands (404), or natural heritage areas. This policy does not apply to constructed
wetlands. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.68 Camden County supports the following actions by the General Assembly and the
Governor:
— Sufficient state funding should be appropriated to initiate a program of
incentives grants to address pollution of our rivers from both point sources
and nonpoint sources. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
An ongoing source of state funding should be developed to provide
continuous support for an incentives grant program. Schedule. Continuing
Activity.
— The decision -making process for the award of incentives grants should
involve river basin organizations representing local governments and other
interest groups in the review of all applications for state funding. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
The ongoing effort of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources to develop administrative rules implementing the Pasquotank
River . Basin Management Strategy should continue to involve local
government officials in the development, review, and refinement of the
proposal. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.69 Camden County supports all aquaculture activities which meet applicable federal,
state, and local policies and permit requirements. However, Camden County
reserves the right to comment on all aquaculture activities which require Division
of Water Quality permitting. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
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P.70 Camden County objects to any discharge of water from aquaculture activities that
will degrade in any way the receiving waters. The county objects to withdrawing
water from aquifers or surface sources if such withdrawal will endanger water
quality or water supply from the aquifers or surface sources. Schedule. Continuing
Activity and to be considered in the Fiscal Year 2005 2006 zoning ordinance update.
P.71 Camden County supports only aquaculture activities which do not alter significantly
and negatively the natural environment or coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and
public trust areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.72 Camden County supports the establishment of mooring fields within its planning
jurisdiction. However, the county recognizes that improperly regulated mooring
fields may result in water degradation. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.73 Camden County does not support the location of floating homes within its
jurisdiction. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions:
1.51 The countywill complywith CAMA and NC Division of Environmental Management
stormwater runoff regulations, and by coordinating local development activities
involving chemical storage or underground storage tank installation/abandonment
with Camden County Emergency Management personnel and the Groundwater
Section of the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management. The county
will plan for an adequate long-range water supply. In the planning process,
Camden County will cooperate with adjacent counties to protect water resources.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.52 The county will enforce its zoning and subdivision regulations to aid in protecting
sensitive shoreline areas. It will rely on state and federal agencies to promote and
protect the Great Dismal Swamp, as well as other nursery and habitat areas.
Schedule. Continuing Activity.
1.53 The county will review and amend the local zoning ordinance with regard to
underground chemical and gasoline storage regulations to ensure a minimum of
risk to local groundwater resources. This will include revisions to the county's
zoning ordinance to establish a heavy industrial district and only allow large
chemical/fuel storage facilities in the heavy industrial district. Schedule: Fiscal Year
2005 2006.
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1.54 Camden Countywill rely on the technical requirements and state program approval
for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), and any subsequent
state regulations concerning underground storage tanks adopted during the
planning period. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.55 Camden County will continuously enforce, through the development and zoning
permit process, all current regulations of the NC State Building Code and North
Carolina Division of Health Services relating to building construction and septic
tank installation/replacement in areas with soils restrictions. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
1.56 Camden County will implement the following actions through local ordinances to
improve water quality (Note: these actions are especially significant in areas
adjacent to Areneuse, Sawyer's, and Joyce Creeks):
— Use watershed -based land use planning
- Protect sensitive natural areas, including coastal wetlands
Establish buffer network
— Minimize impervious cover in site design
Limit erosion during construction
— Maintain coastal growth measures
Restoration of impaired waters
— Management ofthe cause and sources of pollution to ensure the protection
of those waters currently supporting their uses allowing for reasonable
economic growth.
— Reduction of nutrients in Camden County waters. Schedule: Review local
ordinances annually.
1.57 Preservation of wetlands is important to the protection/improvement of water
quality in Camden County. The following will be implemented:
Consider preservation of large wetland areas (> one acre) in a natural state
to protect their environmental value. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
Coordinate all development review with the appropriate office of the US
Army Corps of Engineers and the Soil Conservation Service. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
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Require that wetland areas be surveyed and delineated on all preliminary
and final subdivision plats. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
Encourage cluster development in order to protect sensitive natural areas.
Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006, revised zoning and subdivision ordinances.
— Make wetlands acquisition a priority in future expansions of Camden
County parks and recreation areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.58 Camden County will revise its zoning ordinance to regulate the location of
aquaculture activities. Schedule. Fiscal Year20052006.
I.59 Camden Countywill develop a local ordinance and a waterfront development plan
to regulate the development of mooring fields. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006.
9. Local Areas of Concern
a. Management Goal: Camden County will integrate local concerns with the overall goals of
CAMA in the context of land use planning.
b. Planning Objective: Camden County will identify and address local concerns and issues, such
as cultural and historic areas, scenic areas, economic development, or general health and
human services needs.
C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following provides Camden County's policies/implementing
actions on local areas of concern. All policies are continuing activities.
Policies - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
P.74 The county supports local, state, and federal efforts to protect historic properties
within its borders and to perpetuate its cultural heritage. Sites of historic
significance are identified on page 77. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.75 Camden County supports protection and preservation of the Great Dismal Swamp
which has both historic and environmental significance. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
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Implementing Actions - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Areas:
1.60 Camden County will guide development so as to protect historic and potentially
historic properties in the county and to perpetuate the county's cultural heritage.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.61 Camden County will encourage a county -wide survey of historical sites by local
volunteers or state and federal agencies and will seek grant monies within the next
two years for the complete inventory of historically significant structures and sites.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.62 Camden County shall coordinate all housing code enforcement/redevelopment
projects with the NC Division ofArchives and History, to ensure that any significant
architectural details or buildings are identified and preserved. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
I.63 Camden County will coordinate all county public works projects with the NC
Division of Archives and History, to ensure the identification and preservation of
significant archaeological sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Policies - Economic Development:
P.76 Tourism is important to Camden County and will be supported by the county.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.77 The countywill encourage development in Camden Countyto protectthe county's
resources, preserve its rural atmosphere, and simultaneously promote industrial
and retail growth. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
P.78 The county will encourage industrial and commercial development in areas with
existing infrastructure that does not infringe on existing medium density
residential areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.79 Camden County supports the extension of water services from existing systems
and encourages the use of central systems for new developments whether
residential, commercial, or industrial in nature (see policy P.35). Schedule:
Continuing Activity.

P.80 The county supports the location of staging areas and support facilities for energy
related activities — particularly exploration. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions - Economic Development:
I.64 Camden County will continue to support the activities of the North Carolina
Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of tourism -related
industry, efforts to promote tourism -related commercial activity, and efforts to
enhance and provide shoreline resources. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
1.65 Camden County will continue to support the activities of the Camden County
Department of Tourism. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.66 Camden County will support projects that will increase public access to shoreline
areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.67 Camden Countywill support North Carolina Department ofTransportation projects
to improve access to and within the county. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
1.68 Camden County will supportthe following in the pursuit of industrial development:
-- Encourage placement of new heavy industrial development to have
minimum adverse effect on the county's ecosystem and by encouraging
areas of concentrations of such uses be considered first when suitable
infrastructure is available consistent with the growth policy of the future
land development map. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
-- Re -zone additional parcels for industrial and commercial use along existing
growth corridors with adequate infrastructure existing or planned and,
when the need is demonstrated, provide a consistent growth policy with
amendments to the future land development map when revision is needed.
This will accommodate the future demand for additional industrial and
commercial development in suitable areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
-- Encourage industrial development in industrial park sites by improving the
provision of services such as water, sewer, and natural gas. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
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1.69 Camden County will continue to maintain the Industrial Development Committee
and seek grant monies to encourage and promote economic and industrial
development. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
Policies - General Health and Human Services Needs:
P.81 Camden County supports the continued public provision of solid waste disposal,
law enforcement, and educational services to all citizens of the county. Schedule.
Continuing Activity.
P.82 The county supports strengthening legislation to regulate off -road vehicle usage
on private property. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.83 Camden County opposes the establishment of military outlying landing fields
(OLFs). Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.84 The county supports local, state, and federal efforts to minimize the adverse
impact of man-made hazards within its borders. Camden County will utilize its
development controls and will rely on state and federal agencies with jurisdiction
to minimize the impact of man-made hazards. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
P.85 In an effort to improve health conditions, Camden County supports the following
water and sewer policies:
Camden County supports the extension of central water service into all
areas of the county shown on the future land suitability analysis map as
suitable for development, including the construction of lines to and
through conservation areas to serve development which meets all
applicable state and federal regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
The county is aware that inappropriate land uses near well fields increase
the possibility ofwell contamination. Land uses near groundwater sources
are regulated by the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
through NCAC Subchapter 2L and Subchapter 2C. Camden County
recognizes the importance of protecting potable water supplies, and
therefore supports the enforcement of these regulations. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
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— Camden County supports all efforts to secure available state and federal
funding for the construction and/or expansion of public and private
water/sewer systems. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
— Camden County supports the construction ofwater systems with adequate
line sizes to ensure adequate water pressure and fire protection. Schedule:
Continuing Activity.
— Camden Countywill continue to provide water services to county residents
and will continue the process of studying the role of county government in
providing sewage treatment facilities for rapidly growing areas of the
county, including the construction of lines to and through conservation
areas to serve development which meets all applicable state and federal
regulations. The countywill secure federal and state grants, when feasible,
to help carryout this policy. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
Implementing Actions - General Health and Human Services Needs:
I.70 The county will investigate, with the Institute of Government, the use of impact
fees as a way of making new development pay for the services demanded.
Schedule: Fiscal Year 2006 2007.
1.71 The county will seek educational grants to subsidize continuing education at
nearby colleges and universities and support community education programs.
Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.7.2 Camden County officials are aware that a clean community projects a positive
image for industry, new businesses, and visitors to the area and will continue to
support the efforts of the Clean County Department. Complementing and
supporting the primary goal of reducing litter and preserving and protecting
natural resources, the Committee will address other community issues to include,
but not be limited to, those listed below:
The Clean County Department staff will work with schools, business and
industry, civic clubs, governments, and the media to provide
comprehensive involvement of the community in the Keep America
Beautiful System. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
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— The Department and staff will continue to educate the public regarding
alternatives to landfilling solid waste, with an educational focus on
recycling and the problems and damages to the environment caused by
illegal dumping. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
The county will continue assisting with beautification of county container
sites. Clean-up work at container sites will continue with the availability of
court assigned community service workers. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.73 Floodplain regulation is a concern in Camden County. To accomplish protection
of public health and service needs, Camden County will:
- Continue to enforce the flood hazard reduction provisions of the Camden
County Land Development Ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
— Prohibit the installation of underground storage tanks in the 100-year
floodplain. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
— Zone for open space, recreational, agricultural, or other low -intensity uses
within the floodplain. Schedule. Continuing Activity.
— Prohibit the development of any industry within the 100-year floodplain
that may pose a risk to public health and safety. Such industries may
include but not be limited to: chemical refining and processing, petroleum
refining and processing, hazardous material processing, or storage
facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
I.74 To effectively manage Camden County's investment in existing and proposed
community facilities and services, the county will:
Develop a specific capital improvements plan (CIP) with emphasis placed on
services and facilities which affect growth and development (see
implementing action 1.34 on page 151). Schedule: Fiscal Year2006-2007.
Provide the Camden County Board of Education with locational information
on all residential development. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
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— In concert with the Camden County Board of Education, develop a plan for
the protection of future school sites. Schedule: Fiscal Year20062007.
I.75 Camden County will provide sufficient emergency services to all residents. The
county will implement the following:
Require that all necessary infrastructure firefighting capability/capacity be
provided in new subdivisions and developments. Schedule: Continuing
Activity.
- Continue to maintain an effective signage and addressing system for all
streets, roads, and highways. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
1.76 Camden County will adopt a management plan for the proposed Camden County
Landfill. That plan will address the associated land use issues identified on page
132. Schedule: FY20062007.
Implementing Actions - Funding Options:
1.77 Camden County will continue to support state and federal programs that are
deemed necessary, cost-effective, and within the administrative and fiscal
capabilities of Camden County. Schedule: Continuing Activity. These include:
Community Development Block Grant Program
Area Agency on Aging
Emergency Medical Services
— JTPA Work Program
— Farmer's Home House Preservation Program
Coastal Area Management Act, including shoreline access funds
Small Business Association
— Economic Development Administration Funds
- Farmer's Home Administration — Federal Grant Program
— Federal Emergency Management Program
— Aid to Families with Dependent Children
— MEDICAID
— Day Care
— Crisis Intervention
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1.78 Camden County will selectively support state and federal programs related to
Camden County. The county, through its boards, commissions, and committees,
will monitor state and federal programs and regulations. It will use opportunities
as they are presented to voice support for or to disagree with programs and
regulations that are proposed by state and federal agencies. Schedule. Continuing
Activity.
1.79 Camden County officials will continue to work with the Army Corps of Engineers
and any other state and federal agencies to ensure continued dredging and
maintenance of channels and rivers as needed to keep these facilities open to
navigation. These efforts shall comply with applicable state and federal
regulations. Providing borrow or spoil areas and provision of easements for work
will be determined on case -by -case basis. The county would encourage spoil
material being placed on those areas where easements for such use already. exist.
Channel maintenance has major economic significance and is worthy of state and
federal funding. Schedule: Continuing Activity.
10. Schedule
The policies and implementing actions which have specific time frames are summarized below;
policies and implementing actions which are shown as continuing activities are not listed.
Fiscal Year 2005-2006
PA 5, P.44, PAS, P.70,1.1,1.2,1.9,1.10,1.11, I.19,1.21,.1.22,1.25,1.26,1.35,1.39,1.40,1.41,1.42,1.43,
1.44, I.53, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59
Fiscal Year 2006-2007
1.15, 1.27, 1.29, 1.32, 1.70,1.74,1.76
Fiscal Year 2007-2008
1.34, 1.36

D. FUTURE LAND USE COMMUNITY/HIGHWAY CORRIDOR AREAS
The growth pressure in Camden County is expected to primarily occur in the seven identified
community/highway corridor areas. The key issues confronting Camden County were identified
on page 6 and 7 of this plan. However, the top four key issues or future needs should be repeated
in this section of the plan. These include:
• Improve infrastructure.
• Control growth.
• Provide better opportunities in education.
• Improve subdivision development.
Future educational facilities and opportunities will be discussed in a later section of this plan.
There are a number of development issues/guidelines which should be discussed in this section
of the plan. Smart growth principles will be incorporated in proposed revisions to the Camden
County Zoning and Subdivision Ordinances.
In each ofthe seven community/highway corridor study areas, Camden County should incorporate
the concept of "smart growth" into its future planning. In reality, this concept is not a new idea.
It is simply the blending of many existing ideas. The policies and implementing actions contained
in this plan are intended to be supportive of smart growth. Smart growth adheres to six basic
principles which are described as follows:
Principle 1 - Efficient Use of Land Resources:. Smart growth supports the preservation of land and
natural resources. These benefits result from compact building forms, in -fill development, and
moderation in street and parking standards. Compact building patterns preserve land for town
and neighborhood parks as well as local woods and wetlands. Furthermore, compact
development shortens trips, lessening dependence on the automobile, and therefore reducing
levels of energy consumption and air pollution. Finally, a compact development pattern supports
more cost-effective infrastructure than does low -density fringe development.
Principle 2 Full Use of Urban Services The same frugality of land development supports efficient
use of public and private infrastructure. Smart growth means creating neighborhoods where more
people will use existing services like water lines and sewers, roads, emergency services, and
schools. Inefficient land use, whether within or outside urban areas, places a financial strain on
communities trying to provide for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure needs.
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Building compactly does not mean that all areas must be densely developed. Rather, the goal is
an average density for the area, at a level that makes full use of urban services. Averaging allows
for areas to have a mix of low-, medium-, and high -density development. Mixing densities to
encourage efficient use of services also means requiring a high level of building and siting
compatibility, encouraging neighborhoods to have both character and privacy.
Careful street sizing and the accommodation of some parking on streets reduces impervious
surfaces and efficiently uses urban services by saving on land acquisition, construction, and
maintenance costs. In short, streets should be sized for their use: lower density areas that have
little through traffic are best served by slower, narrower streets, while transportation corridors
that move district -wide traffic need wider travelways.
Principle 3 -Mix of Uses: Locating stores, offices, residences, schools, and recreation spaces within
walking distance of each other in compact neighborhoods with pedestrian -oriented streets
promotes:
• independence of movement, especially for the young and the elderlywho can conveniently
walk, cycle, or ride transit;
• safety in commercial areas, through around -the -clock presence of people;
• reduction in auto use, especially for shorter trips;
• support for those who work at home, through nearby services and parks; and
• a variety of housing choices, so that the young and old, singles and families, and those of
varying economic ability may find places to live.
Mixed -use examples include a corner store in a residential area, an apartment near or over a shop,
and a lunch counter in an industrial zone. Most codes prohibit the co -location of any residential
and commercial buildings. This prohibition is based on the functional and architectural
incompatibility of the buildings. Using design standards, in tandem with mixed -use zoning,
overcomes incompatibility. Additionally, limitations on commercial functions, such as hours of
operation and delivery truck access, may be necessary. More fundamentally, to gain the full
benefits of a mix of uses, buildings must be conveniently connected by streets and paths.
Otherwise, people will still be inclined or required to use cars, even for the shortest trips.
Principle 4 - Transportation Options: Transportation must be safe, convenient, and interesting.
These performance factors affect sidewalk and street design, placement of parking, and location
of building fronts, doors, and windows. Well -designed bike lanes and sidewalks protect people
from vehicle accidents. Orienting windows and doorways to the sidewalk increases awareness
of street activity and the safety of the streetscape.
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Convenience begins with a connected network of streets that provides alternative routes with
reasonable walking distances between destinations. A properly designed network also promotes
neighborhood safety by routing the heaviest traffic around neighborhoods, without sacrificing
street connectivity.
Providing compact, mixed -use development connected by safe, convenient, and interesting
networks of streets and paths promotes:
• walking, cycling, and transit as viable, attractive alternatives to driving;
• less traffic congestion and air pollution;
• the convenience, density, and variety of uses necessary to support transit;
• a variety of alternative routes, thereby dispersing traffic congestion; and
• lower traffic speeds, making neighborhoods safer.
Principle 5 - Detailed, Human -Scale Design: Community acceptance of compact, mixed -use
development requires compatibility between buildings to ensure privacy, safety, and visual
coherency. Similar massing of buildings, orientation of buildings to the street, the presence of
windows, doors, porches, and other architectural elements, and effective use of landscaping all
contribute to successful compatibility between diverse building types.
Human -scale design is also critical to the success of streets and paths as preferred routes for
pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists alike. In general, smart street design considers the role of
pedestrians along with that of vehicular traffic, emphasizing the quality of the walking
environment. For instance, parallel parking may be considered a hindrance to vehicle flow, but,
for pedestrians and shop owners, on -street parking is a benefit because it reduces speeding traffic
and protects the sidewalks.
Designing streets that are balanced for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists promotes the
development of community through the informal meeting of neighbors. Neighborhood safety is
improved, since neighbors can more easily come to know one another and watch over each
other's homes.
Principle 6- Development Review: Camden County's ability to adopt smart growth principles will, of
necessity, require an examination of its development review process. Primarily, the review should
focus on ways that the review process can be streamlined so that developers are encouraged to
apply the principles. Frustrating, costly, and time-consuming delays due, in part, to inflexible
standards, regulations, and processes will discourage innovative approaches to development and
design. Providing for flexibility and certainty in the application of standards, including provision
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for performance standards and administrative approval of "minor" variances, can help promote
creative development that complies with the principles. Effective use of Planned Unit
Developments (PUD's) can also relieve some of the regulatory barriers for developers and lighten
the administrative load for planners, as can adopting a flexible process for applying design review
standards.
While the smart growth concept may not be suited to every community, it will support Camden
County's objective of preserving its natural resources by encouraging the development of
neighborhoods and communities that may be "self sustaining."
The following provides examples of some of the development concepts associated with smart
growth:
• Preserve Camden County's open space and agricultural areas, historically significant
structures, landmarks, and other features which reflect its heritage.
Figure 1: Simple site planning techniques for protecting the scenic character of rural roads include
maintaining (or establishing) a wooded no -cut buffer along the front lot line and angling driveways so that
lawns, houses, and garages are not directly visible from the road. Combined with deep front setbacks for
construction, such approaches could become design requirements in a scenic roads overlay zone. Where
such principles remain guidelines rather than enforceable standards, conventional clearing and siting
patterns can be expected to continue, as illustrated in the bottom half of this sketch.
Maintain wooded buffer along road.
Consider special features (stone walls, large trees)
when shaping lots and clearings.
173

• Discourage strip commercial development on major collector roads that allow each lot to
have direct vehicular access to the highway.
Figure 3: Two alternatives for arranging commercial development along a rural highway: strip versus nodes.
Within the node, stores are located toward the front of their lots, with interconnected rear parking
provision.
f
�d drs VUidnd
one ekfe. Peddrp wtdrred
M Mont d Wkk. .
Now oermnsrow d111ra1fN
Wood sd donp 6e rod.
HapMuard Reddde Sorawl
cee.rrrow �ebPnw+dur.rw
I rrrd o» eroerrods Iraw" wL
If@ 1
. f. Ede•rp seers eepanded toward »..L
P_ Pawng moved to side and moor.
cp Bob,gs dose to M"L
U - PwWng screened at brk
Proorwd open Spec -
preferred Medal Pattern
174

• Encourage and preserve agricultural and forestland to protect the future of farming in
Camden County.
Figure 4: Two of the nation's first county -wide zoning regulations requiring developers to employ "open
space design" techniques were adopted by Isle of Wight County, Virginia. These sketches illustrate two
options under the new ordinance, where development density is limited to one dwelling per ten acres:
preserving 50 percent of a 100-acre farm with 10 five -acre lots, or preserving 70 percent open space with
20 lots of 1..5 acres each. Source: Redman Johnston Associates, Easton, Maryland.
uie.crcaco ra8r�sm i - 8" "M - =iinier"rrrco rosro �I aRc DAMta 1 rMY me 1 G reaY rRtas I
3 4FSp))j .e
OS .I e y S K
d 10 1114 22!! I s
o• ��ii ` g �4,, o''ii s •ZO. 1B '1B gr ,
14
o
/O OPTION W ME � � �' OPTION'C.
l0- S act• lots H" O gS- t.s —e lots
sox of oft mahtaYrd lox of Nb maintained• J w�tu<�f in open .pap/
' .grlrwtla.l use
alT[nW w pNYRY CONC." KaN , ALT•11N1TIYe paaT/ coma" KW
/WICYI.TYIIAI raOT•CTM)N McT11CT KYLTYaAI MI ECTION OOTYKT
Figure 5: On unwooded sites, such as open fields or pastures, it is even more important to encourage (or
require) clustering of new development. Even on relatively shallow sites, where there is little opportunity
to locate homes far from the road, such as against a distant treeline, clustering principles can help reduce
roadside clutter and preserve some open vistas. These three sketches, from Managing Change: A Pilot Study
in Rural Design and Planning (Doble, et al., 1992) show techniques being advocated by the Tug Hill
Commission in upstate New York, where the cost of constructing paved subdivision streets operates as a
strong disincentive for rural landowners to subdivide their property in any way other than through "strip
lots" along existing public roads. This example shows several gravel -surfaced shared driveways, built to
standards appropriate for the amount of traffic they must accommodate.
ROW
h
. 'Hedgerows
l
� Farm
Woods Buildings
`Agricultural Fields,
w I
..
I
Fs'm J
I
Bindings
BIY -Frontage Lois'
Al
Far.J
t� BuildNpa
�1
samlot RuWntial Clutter
C
175

• Reduce traffic congestion and safety problems.
Figure 6: Conventional development with poor connectivity: travel requires use of the collector streets,
causing congestion and discouraging pedestrians and cyclist (top). Smart growth with interconnected street
system, allowing a variety of transportation options and shorter trips (bottom).
Mall Apartments Houses
0
(�MW
O o
Q o e o
Undesirable
°
00 0 aD°
School I I
m o c
E', o
a 0 °oo oo� o
00 nuu Q' ® ®O (�
® Desirable
°000 O °°O DapD
° ° O O 0 0 O
Houses v v° °o n o o D o 0 o p o o° o° o°o Q o o°o°
0 0 0. o
D O Q p D O O D O D D D O D D o D D D
School -
• Preserve large wetland areas (> one acre) in a natural state to protect their environmental
value.
Figure 7: Conventional two -acre lot subdivision with homes located on sensitive but buildable land,
compared with improved layouts protecting those resource areas, as encouraged by new regulations adopted
by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection.
WOO
0.14
°ensmve area
®.Easement or deed restriction
176

Figure 8: Reducing lot size can sometimes help subdivision designers locate all homes on the better soils
contained within a development site. On the left, some of the thirteen 2.5-acre lots would have septic
systems on marginal soils, barely meeting minimum legal requirements, because these lots contain nothing
better. By decreasing lots to one acre in size, all thirteen can be laid out to contain deeper, drier soils (with
all wetlands in the open space preservation area, a treed island at the end of the street, and a future street
and/or trail connection to adjoining properties). Sometimes such arrangements require a few "flag lots" with
a relatively narrow strip of land providing driveway access, a very useful design approach that should
generally be allowed, subject to certain safeguards to prevent abuses (such as the infamous "rat-tail"
subdivisions with numerous lots having long, snake -like appendages connecting the lots to a distant public
road -all to avoid the cost of providing internal streets).
Better Soils Utz r
M
l,we_ t=,� or -�
ZA
y �� Marafinal soils'+15
Thirteen two -and -one -halt acre lots,:; Thirteen one -acre lots
Six on marginal soil All on better Soil
E. FUTURE LAND USE MAPS
1. Introduction
The future land use maps depict application of the policies for growth and development, the
desired future patterns of land use and land development, and future water and sewer service
areas with consideration given to natural system constraints and infrastructure policies. The
future land use maps must include the following:
• 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning area.
• Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space and a description of
compatible land uses and activities.
177

• Areas and locations planned for future growth and development with descriptions of the
following characteristics:
Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged in each area;
— Overall density and development intensity planned for'each area; and
Infrastructure required to support planned development in each area.
• Areas in existing developed areas for infill, preservation, and redevelopment.
• Existing and planned infrastructure, including major roads, water, and sewer.
• Reflect the information depicted on the Composite Map of Environmental Conditions (Map
10), Map of Existing Land Suitability Analysis (Map 23), and Map of Future Land Suitability
Analysis (Map 26).
2. Future Land Use -Acreages
In -fill development will be limited to the South Mills, Shiloh, and Camden communities. The
county believes that the future land use maps and associated goals and implementing actions are
consistent with the land suitability analysis. Table 54 provides a summary ofthe estimated future
land use acreages, Table 55 and 56 provides a summary of the estimated future land use acreages
by subbasin, and Table 57 provides a comparison of the future and existing land use acreages.
Please note: Tables 54 through 57 summarize existing and future land use acreages. These tables
reflect future decreases in some future land use categories as a result of reflecting data shown on
Maps 10, 23, and 26. Based on these maps, some areas are committed to the conservation
categories on the future land use maps. The future land use plan map depicts areas for
development which are geographically consistent with medium suitability and high suitability
areas depicted on the existing land suitability map (Map 23, page 105).
All future land use acreages are based on suitability of land for development and not forecast
market demand for future acreages. Table 58 starting on page 184 provides future acreage
demand based on market growth.
178

Table 54
Camden County and Study Areas
Future Land Use Acreages
STUDY AREAS
County Minus
South Mills
Camden
Shiloh
Highway 343
Highway 343
Highway 17
Highway 158
Entire
LAND USE Study Areas
Community
Community
Community
Corridor South
Corridor North
Corridor
Corridor
County
Moderate Density 1,936.83
443.20
204.42
163.40
1,115.76
0.00
0.00
26.87
3,890.48
Residential
Low Density Residential 21,003.27
1,385.88
730.56
1,167.64
6,934.23
1,751.00
4,655.53
0.00
37,628.11
Agricultural
Planned Unit 0.00
175.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
175.02
Development/Mixed Use
Commercial 94.71
80.74
69.22
0.00
13.40
0.00
45.71
0.00
303.78
Community Core 6.88
40.10
209.68
17.98
35.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
310.48
Industrial 1,289.62
10.91
247.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
452.66
116.90
2,117.27
Conservation 101,145.45
624.25
392.94
314.01
1,471.51
328.55
1,784.93
70.99
106,132.63
Total 125,476.76
2,760.10
1,854.00
1,663.03
9,570.74
2,079.55
6,938.83
214.76
150,557.77
NOTE: All study areas fall into subbasin 03-10-50 with the
exception of Highway 343 Corridor South
and Highway 158 Corridor. The Highway 343 Corridor South
has 77% in subbasin 03-10-50 and 23% in subbasin 03-10-54. The Highway 158 Corridor
has 30% in subbasin 03-10-50
and 70% in
subbasin 03-10-54.
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
179

Table 55
SUBBASIN 03-01-50 ACREAGE
(Percentage of county in subbasin -- 74.39/o)
Land Use Acreage
by Land Use
% of Total Acreage
Moderate Density Residential
2,480
2.22 %
Low Density Residential/Agricultural
31,589
28.23%
Planned Unit Development/Mixed Use
175
0.16%
Commercial
299
0.27%
Community Core
275
0.25%
Industrial
1,647
1.47%
Conservation
75,415
67.40%
Total
111,880
100.00%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003).
Table 56
SUBBASIN 03-01-54 ACREAGE
(Percentage of county in subbasin -- 25.7%)
Land Use Acreage
by Land Use
% of Total Acreage
Moderate Density Residential
1,408
3.64%
Low Density ResidentiaVAgricultural
6,040
15.62%
Planned Unit Development/Mixed Use
0
0.00%
Commercial
5
0.01%
Community Core
36
0.09%
Industrial
447
1.16%
Conservation
30,741
79.48%
Total
38,677
100.00%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003).
11

Table 57
Camden County and Study Areas
Existing vs. Future Land Use Acreages
South Mills Community
Land Use Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
2,447
1,386
-43.36%
Medium Density Residential
261
618
+136.78%
Commercial
52
121
+132.69%
Industrial
0
11
0.00%
Conservation/Recreational
0
624
0.00%
Total
2,760
2,760
Camden Community
Land Use Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
1,491
731
-50.97%
Medium Density Residential
143
204
+42.66%
Commercial
173
279
+61.27%
Industrial
0
247
0.00%
Conservation/Recreational
47
393
+736.17%
Total
1,854
1,854
Shiloh Community
Land Use Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
1,469
1,168
-20.49%
Medium Density Residential
180
163
-9.44%
Commercial-
14
18
+28.57%
Industrial
0
0
0.00%
Conservation/Recreational
0
314
0.00%
Total
1,663
1,663
Highway 343 Corridor South
Land Use Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
8,354
6,934
-17.00%
Medium Density Residential
735
1,116
+51.84%
Commercial
482
49
-89.93%
Industrial
0
0
0.00%
Conservation/Recreational
0
1,472
0.00%
Total
9,571
9,571
181

Table 57 (continued)
Highway 343 Corridor North
Land Use
Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
1,972
1,751
-11.21 %
Medium Density Residential
108
0
-100.00%
Commercial
0
0
0.00%
Industrial
0
0
0.00%
Conservation/Recreational
0
329
0.00%
Total
2,080
2,080
Highway 17 Corridor
Land Use
Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
5,607
4,655
-16.98%
Medium Density Residential
164
0
-100.00%
Commercial
1,168
46
-96.06%
Industrial
0
453
0.00%
Conservation/Recreational
0
1,785
0.00%
Total
6,939
6,939
Highway 158 Corridor
Land Use
Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
206
0
-100.00%
Medium Density Residential
7
26
+271.43%
Commercial
0
0
0.00%
Industrial
0
116
0.00%
Conservation/Recreational
0
71
0.00%
Total
213
213
Camden County
Land Use
Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
119,164
37,628
-68.42%
Medium Density Residential
3,389
4,065
+19.95%
Commercial
1,151
614
-46.66 %
Industrial
1,381
2,117
+53.29%
Conservation/Recreational
25,472
106,133
+316.67%
Total
150,557
150,557
182

Table 57 (continued)
Camden County Minus Study Areas
Land Use Existing
Land Use
Future Land Use
% Change
Low Density Residential
98,323
21,003
+78.64%
Medium Density Residential
1,009
1,937
+91.97%
Commercial
848
101
-88.09%
Industrial
1,870
1,290
-31.02%
Conservation/Recreational
23,426
101,145
+331.76%
Total
125,476
125,476
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
The following table summarizes fifteen (15) year market increases in acreages for thevarious land
use categories. This forecast is the projected need. The growth rates are based on the historical
records of building permits which are provided in Table 39. Due to the growth dynamics, it is
imperative that the county constantly monitor the data included in Table 58. The growth rates
utilized in the village and highway corridor areas (44% annual) were twice those utilized in the
remaining portions of the county (20 % annual).
This growth demand will require the countyto continue funding an expansion ofits infrastructure
systems, thereby increasing the inventory of land which will be suitable for development. Without
infrastructure expansion, Camden County cannot accommodate the anticipated growth demands.
The growth rates that were utilized to determine the future land use acreages were based on the
number of building permits issued between 1999 and 2003. While this data is limited, it predicts
growth trends based on the most recent and accurate data. We assumed a 44% growth rate for
Medium Density Residential areas, and a 30%growth rate for Commercial. Industrial development
is expected to occur within the following study areas: Highway 158 Corridor, Highway 17,
Camden, and South Mills as well as unincorporated portions ofthe county. A 10%growth rate was
applied for industrial development in these areas. Additionally, future development of medium
density, commercial, and industrial development will reduce the amount of low density
residentiaVconservation/recreationaVvacant acreage throughout the county. The acreage of the
study areas will remain consistent, due to the fact that these are not incorporated areas, and
therefore do not have the authority to annex or establish an ETJ. It should also be noted that for
the purposes ofthese estimates, the existing land use category of office and institutional has been
combined with commercial, and the category of agricultural/open space/low density residential
has been combined to form the low density residential/conservation/recreationaVvacantcategory.
183

Table 58
Camden County and Study Areas
Acreage Forecast Based on Market Growth Demand
South Mills
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010
2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
2,447
2,315
2,129
1,864
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
261
376
541
779
Commercial
52
67
88
114
Industrial
0
2
2
3
Total
2,760
2,760
2,760
2,760
Camden
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010
2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
1,538
1,405
1,245
1,025
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
143
206
297
427
Commercial
173
225
292
380
Industrial
0
18
20
22
Total
1,854
1,854
1,854
1,854
Shiloh
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010
2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
1,469
1,386
1,266
1,095
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
180
259
373
537
Commercial
14
18 -
24
31
Industrial
0
0
0
0
Total
1,663
1,663
1,663
1,663
Highway
343 Corridor South
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010
2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
8,354
7,886
7,232
6,317
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
735
1,058
1,524
2,195
Commercial
482
627
815
1,059
Industrial
0
0
0
0
Total
9,571
9,571
9,571
9,571 .
184

Table 58 (continued)
Highway
343 Corridor North*
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010 2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
1,972
1,923 1,855
1,756
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
108
156 224
322
Commercial
0
1 1
2
Industrial
0
0 0
0
Total
2,080
2,080 2,080
2,080
Highway 17 Corridor
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010 2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
5,607
5,165 4,603
3,859
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
164
236 340
490
Commercial
1,168
1,518 1,974
2,566
Industrial
0
20 22
24
Total
6,939
6,939 6,939
6,939
Highway 158 Corridor**
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010 2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
206
167 159
148
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
7
10 14
21
Commercial
0
0 0
0
Industrial
0
36 40
44
Total
213
213 213
213
Camden County Minus Study Areas
Land Use
Existing Land Use
2010 2015
2020
Low Density Residential/Conservation/
121,749
120,864 119,688
118,111
RecreationaWacant
Medium Density Residential
1,009
1,453 2,092
3,013
Commercial
848
1,102 1,433
1,863
Industrial
1,870
2,057 2,263
2,489
Total
125,476
125,476 125,476
125,476
"The commercial growth for the Highway 343 corridor was based on the future
land use map. The commercial growth in these
areas is anticipated to occur within the commercial
nodes indicated on Map 34. Because of this, the acreage growth
from the
present to 2010 is minimal, and the growth rate applied is estimated to coincide with the other study areas.
"Based on the future land use map, the Highway
158 corridor is expected to develop as primarily industrial. Commercial
development along this corridor is expected to be
minimal. Because of this, 30% of the acreage within this area targeted for
industrial development on the future land use map was established as the number of acres to be developed by the year 2010.
Beyond that, a growth rate of 30% was utilized through 2020. This was done to address the fact that the county
anticipates this
area will develop as a primarily industrial corridor.
185

The following provides a summary of the October, 2004, estimated costs for the proposed
infrastructure and community facilities needs identified in this plan in Section V (G), page 118:
Water System Improvements
$
7,800,000
Sewer System Improvements
$
9,800,000
Transportation Improvements
$62,525,000
Educational Improvements
$17,000,000
Camden County Landfill
$
250,000
South Mill Fire Department Building
$
384,000*
Shiloh Fire Department Building
$
384,000*
*Does not include land cost.
3. Future Land Use Maps
There are nine future land use maps included in this document (see Maps 29 through 37). These
include the Camden County Future Land Use Map and the individual study area maps for the
following:
• South Mills Community.
• Camden Community.
• Shiloh Community.
• Highway 343 South Corridor.
• Highway 343 North Corridor.
• Highway 17 Corridor.
• Highway 158 Corridor.
Additionally, a map is included depicting the portions of the county outside of the defined study
areas. Based on this plan, the allowable densities for future land use are governed by the county
zoning ordinance. The Land Use Plan is the foundation for the density and intensity in the
county's Zoning Ordinance. Zoning district definitions and allowable densities are shown on page
199.
All future land use maps are linked to the wetlands map, existing and future land suitability maps,
historic site map, natural heritage area map, flood hazard map, and environmental composite
map. The sensitive areas are included in the conservation areas depicted on the future land use
map.
186

MAP 29
03010205020010
03010205010020
03010205070010 '\ 03010205050010
FA
Notes:
1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County
are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as
defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and
.0207 Public Trust Areas.
2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high
water level of estuarine waters are classified as
estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale
these areas cannot be accurately mapped.
Precise locations must be determined in the field
through CAMA review and permit approval.
3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County.
Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must
be determined through on -site analysis.
4. Conservation areas are an approximation and
locations may not be precise. These areas are
designated conservation due to proximity to
wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404
Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/
determinations can only be made by Corps of
Engineers Personnel through individual
on -site analysis.
03010205040010
03010205030010
Albemarle Sound /
/
/
1
0307
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Future Land Use
Legend
r ` Subbasin 03-01-50
' % , Subbasin 03-01-54
N14 Digit Hydrologic Code
/- Hydrology
Existing Water Lines
Future Sewer Lines
NFuture Water Lines
Future Land Use
Commercial
Community Core
Conservation
Industrial
Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
- Moderate Density Residential (R-2 (minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet))
Planned Unit Development (3-4 dwelling units per acre)
i
Camden County has no existing sewer lines.
*The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
10 0 10 20 Miles
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
187

South Mills falls completely
into the 03010205010020
Watershed.
Notes:
1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County
are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as
defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and
.0207 Public Trust Areas.
2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high
water level of estuarine waters are classified as
estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale
these areas cannot be accurately mapped.
Precise locations must be determined in the field
through CAMA review and permit approval.
3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County.
Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must
be determined through on -site analysis.
4. Conservation areas are an approximation and
locations may not be precise. These areas are
designated conservation due to proximity to
wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404
Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/
determinations can only be made by Corps of
Engineers Personnel through individual
on -site analysis.
MAP 30
Camden County
Land Use Plan
South Mills Study Area
Future Land Use
Legend
rSubbasin03-01-50
Subbasin 03-01-54
HWY 17 Corridor
OSouth Mills Study Area
N14 Digit Hydrologic Code
NFuture Water Lines
i \ / Future Sewer Lines
NExisting Water Lines
Future Land Use
Commercial
Community Core
Conservation
Industrial
Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
- Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet))
- Planned Unit Development (3-4 dwelling units per acre)
* Camden County has no existing sewer lines.
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

0301020500-
• `� 158
♦♦ \ �O /l \\ ?
♦ V -
♦
03010205040010
1
03011�0 050a'i
343
-?---------- --
� I _
Notes:
1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County y`
are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as
defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and `\ V% A //
.0207 Public Trust Areas.
2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high / !
�l ♦ 1
water level of estuarine waters are classified as �_f
estuarine shorelines- Because of the map scale
these areas cannot be accurately mapped.
ma Precise locations must be determined in the field
through CAMA review and permit approval. J - !! \!-_ ' - �� ♦ ' 1,i L': __
3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. -
Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must ! \ 343
be determined through on -site analysis. �, q, ��,
4. Conservation areas are an approximation and
locations may not be precise. These areas are ♦ `� f
designated conservation due to proximity to ♦ �"
wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404
Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/
determinations can only be made by Corps of 158 /
Engineers Personnel through individual
on -site analysis. ' I^
03010rt 050010
0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 Miles J# I
MAP 31
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Camden Study Area
Future Land Use
Legend
r j
Subbasin 03.01-50
Subbasin 03-01-54
O14
DRglt Hydrologlc Code
NExisting
Water Lines
r
Future Sewer Unes
NFuture
Water Lines
OCamden
Study Area
Hydrology
Future Land Use
i
Commercial
Community Core
Conservation
Industrial
Low Density Residential/ Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
Moderate Density Residential (R-2 minimum lot size 40,000 sq. ft.)
I
Camden Study Area is
in Subbasin 03-01-50.
` Camden County has no existing sewer lines.
N
W-7
efr r p arc_a r N
lx�elal AlriaUe re sl su�hfuulauaitr7
�v Ue �nwbl 2� At 1 s� �9 w
,n•�nCsn vl'InY k y nu f>M„a �
Rn'1,r aA fln� .i f.1•inWa[rrn am
o

MAP 32
Notes:
1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County
are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as
defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and
.0207 Public Trust Areas.
2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high
water level of estuarine waters are classified as
estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale
these areas cannot be accurately mapped.
Precise locations must be determined in the field
through CAMA review and permit approval.
3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County.
Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must
be determined through on -site analysis.
NI
4. Conservation areas are an approximation and
locations may not be precise. These areas are
designated conservation due to proximity to
9
wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404
0
Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/
determinations can only be made by Corps of
Engineers Personnel through individual
on -site analysis.
0/>
03010205050010
03l Camden County
Land Use Plan
Shiloh Study Area
Future Land Use
Legend
r ` Subbasin 03-01-50
Subbasin 03-01-54
N14 Digit Hydrologic Code
OShiloh Study Area
NExisting Water Lines
Future Sewer Lines
NFuture Water Lines
Hydrology
Future Land Use
4W Community Core
Conservation
Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet))
" Camden County has
no existing sewer lines.
The preparation of this map was financed in part
/ through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
Shiloh Study Area falls by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
completely in Subbasin 03-01-50 amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
I
0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 Miles
M L 0-00. T600-1

MAP 33
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Highway
South 343 Corridor
Study Area
Future Land Use
Legend
v Subbasin 03-01-50
® % Subbasin 03-01-54
N14 Digit Hydrologic Code
O343 South Corridor
NExisting Water Lines
NFuture Water Lines
Future Sewer Lines is
i Hydrology
Future Land Use
Commercial
Community Core
Conservation
4W Industrial
Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
- Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet))
- Planned Unit Development (34 dwelling units per acre)
Camden County has no existing sewer lines.
"The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
N
W E
S
0.5 0 0.5 1 Miles
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
191

MAP 34
I
I
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I 030102050300
Notes:
1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County
are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as
defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and
.0207 Public Trust Areas.
2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high
water level of estuarine waters are classified as
estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale
these areas cannot be accurately mapped.
Precise locations must be determined in the field
through CAMA review and permit approval.
3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County.
Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must
be determined through on -site analysis.
4. Conservation areas are an approximation and
locations may not be precise. These areas are
designated conservation due to proximity to
wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404
Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/
determinations can only be made by Corps of
Engineers Personnel through individual
on -site analysis.
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Highway
North 343 Corridor
Study Area
Future Land Use
Legend
rJ Subbasin 03-01-50
I `' Subbasin 03-01-54
N14 Digit Hydrologic Code
lO 343 Study Corridor
OCounty Boundary
Hydrology
Commecial Node
NE istirg Water Lines
NFuture Water Lines
IV Future Sewer Lines
Future Land Use
Commercial
Community Core
DonseNatlon
® Industrial
Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
- Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot sim of 40,000 Sq Feet))
- Planned Unit Development (34 dwelling units peracre)
Camden County has no existing sewer lines.
'The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
N
W+ E
s
0.5 0 0.5 1 Miles
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
192

to
K
ILA
\t
`y
� {V\ \ \\ X
-
03010205010020
03010205020010
II
dop qW i.00,
MAP 35
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Highway 17 Corridor
Study Area
Future Land Use
Legend
r,, Subbasin 03-01-50
/ `+ Subbasin 03-01-54
rv14 Digit Hydrologic Code
OHighway 17 Corridor Study Area
- Commercial Node
rvEisting Water Lines
rvFuture Wale, Lines
' `1 Future Sewer Lines
Future Land Use
Commercial
Community Core
Cons-tlon
® Industrial
Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
- Wderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet))
- Planned Unit Development (34 dwelling units per acre)
J
Camden County has no existing sewer lines.
*The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
N
W+ E
S
0.5 0 0.5 1 Miles
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
i93

Notes:
1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County
are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as
defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and
.0207 Public Trust Areas.
2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high
water level of estuarine waters are classified as
estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale
these areas cannot be accurately mapped.
Precise locations must be determined in the field
through CAMA review and permit approval.
3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County.
Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must
be determined through on -site analysis.
4. Conservation areas are an approximation and
locations may not be precise. These areas are
designated conservation due to proximity to
wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404
Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/
determinations can only be made by Corps of
Engineers Personnel through individual
on -site analysis.
_ 7
1]
MAP 36
Camden County
Land Use Plan
Highway 158 Corridor
Study Area
Future Land Use
Legend
ry Subbasin 03-01-50
I Subbasin 03-01-54
N 14 Digit Hydrologic Code
O HWY 158 Corridor
NFuture Water Lines
NExisting Water Lines
Future Land Use
Commercial
Conservation
Industrial
Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater)
- Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet)) /
*The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
0.2 0 0.2 Miles
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
94

33010205010020
03010205070010
Notes:
1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County
are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as
defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and
.0207 Public Trust Areas.
2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high
water level of estuarine waters are classified as
estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale
these areas cannot be accurately mapped.
Precise locations must be determined in the field
through CAMA review and permit approval.
3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County.
Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must
be determined through on -site analysis.
4. Conservation areas are an approximation and
locations may not be precise. These areas are
designated conservation due to proximity to
wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404
Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/
determinations can only be made by Corps of
Engineers Personnel through individual
on -site analysis.
_____:__________________--__________-
03010205020010
03010205050010
Albemarle Sound
MAP 37
Camden County
Land Use Plan
County Minus
Study Areas
Future Land Use
Legend
r \ J Subbasin 03-01-50
Subbasin 03-01-54
N14
Digit Hydrologic Code
-
Study Areas
NFuture
Water Lines
Future Sewer Lines
NExisting
Water Lines
®
Hydrology
Future Land Use
Commercial
Community Core
Conservation
Industrial
Low Density Residential/Agricultural
Moderate Density Residential
Camden County has no existing sewer lines.
'The orange and blue dash line represent the
shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50
and Subbasin 03-01-54.
N
W E
S
10 0 10 20 Miles
The preparation of this map was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina
Coastal Management Program, through funds provided
by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as
amended, which is administered by the Office of
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
195

Planned Unit Develop mentlMixed Use
This district is defined as the total development of one or more parcels physically connected by
one central control or ownership. Through PUD, the county desires to foster development of land
that has a higher degree of consideration of physical features and natural constraints to
development than would be possible under general zoning or subdivision regulations. PUD is
expected to promote a more efficient use of the land, a higher level of amenities, and more
creative design than would otherwise be possible.
Commercial
CCD Community Core. This district is designed to provide the core commercial use in.the county's
three villages, Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills, to help meet social, shopping, employment, and
some housing needs of the county's rural residents in a village -type environment. Areas with this
designation have historically been considered the "towns" of the county, or have the potential to
fall into this category in the future, and contain a unique mix of uses in close proximity of each
other. The goals of this district are:
• To preserve this special mix while minimizing conflicts between uses; and
• To allow only development that can adequately be served with public amenities.
NCD Neighborhood Commercial. This district is designed primarily to encourage the concentration
of commercial facilities, as necessary, outside the core villages but still in clusters, and to provide
readily accessible shopping facilities for rural residents. The district differs from the community
core district in that uses are limited to small commercial and service businesses whose market is
primarily those residents within the immediate vicinity. These districts shall be limited to
between two and four acres in size and typically located near intersections. The Neighborhood
Commercial district is also designed to include very limited kinds of water -related commercial
activities to serve a waterfront neighborhood.
HC Highway Commercial. This district is designed to provide for and encourage the proper
grouping and development of roadside uses that will best accommodate the needs of the
motoring public along US 17, US 158, and NC 343. In addition, commercial uses served by large
trucks and other intense commercial uses shall be encouraged to locate in these districts. These
regulations are intended to control those aspects of development that affect adjacent residential
land use, traffic flow, and the capacity of the land to absorb development. Specifically prohibited
in this district are uses which create a hazardous or noxious effect and junkyards.
197

MC Marine Commercial. This district is designed to provide for the development of businesses
which depend upon or are significantly related to waterfront and tourist locations. The district
regulations are imposed so that services and commodities required by users of the county's
waterways shall be provided in a manner that does not adversely affect the waters that attract
those users or adjacent land users.
Commercial Node. Nodes are typically placed at the intersections of major thoroughfares. These
nodes serve as community focus areas. Focus areas are concentrations of high intensity land use.
The location and size of these commercial areas are not intended to be static. As the land around
these commercial areas develops, larger node definitions, and possibly even shifts in location from
one area to another, may be warranted. As commercial development takes place in the outlying
areas of the county's planning jurisdiction, it should be buffered from surrounding areas by less
intense/dense land uses.
Industrial
1-1 Light Industrial. This district is designed to provide space for industries, wholesale and
warehouse facilities, and some related service establishments which can be operated in a relatively
clean and quiet manner and which will not be obnoxious to adjacent residential or commercial
districts. Buffer zones should be provided between industrial and non -industrial land uses.
Conservation
The conservation class is designated to provide for effective long-term management of significant
limited or irreplaceable areas which include the following categories: natural resource fragile
areas, coastal wetlands, 404 wetlands, estuarine shorelines, primary nursery areas, and estuarine
and public trust waters. Policy statements in this plan address the county's intentions under this
classification and support the 15A NCAC 7H CAMA regulations for protection of AFC's.
198

The development/land use densities are summarized as follows:
District
Density Regulations
R-1 Mixed Village Residential
40,000 square feet
R-2 Mixed Single -Family Residential
40,000 square feet
R-3 Basic Residential
R-3-1
1 acre
R-3-2
2 acres
GUD General Use
5 acres
PUD Planned Unit Development/Mixed Use*
Areas identified for residential uses only
3 dwelling units per acre
Areas identified for residential uses only when all of the
4 dwelling units per acre
residential and commercial structures within the PUD
are connected to a public sewer system
CCD Community Core
With connection to public water system
20,000 square feet
With connection to public water and sewer system
10,000 square feet
NCD Neighborhood Commercial
40,000 square feet
HC Highway Commercial
40,000 square feet
MC Marine Commercial
40,000 square feet
1-1 Light Industrial
40,000 square feet
C Conservation
Should include R-1, R-2, R-3,
and PUD densities
*Density calculations will not include commercial areas. Thirty-five percent (35%) ofthe non-CAMA
area intended for residential development ofthe tract shall be
common open space. Fifty percent
(50%) of open space must be designed for passive or active recreation,
including but not limited
to walking, jogging, hiking, bicycling, and other uses which involve
general pedestrian access.
These density standards shall apply to both new development
and redeveloped areas. NOTE:
Refer to Map 24, page 111.

SECTION Vll. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT
A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING
The introduction for the Plan for the Future Section (page 134) describes the role of the policies
and future land use maps in local decisions regarding land use and development. It is intended
that this document be an integral part ofthe Camden County decision making process concerning
future land use. This document should be consulted prior to any decision being made by Camden
County staff, Planning Board, and/or Board of Commissioners concerning land use and
development.
B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
The existing management program includes the following ordinances: Camden County Code,
North Carolina Building Code, Septic Tank Regulations, National Flood Insurance Program, and
the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan. Preparation of the 1993 Land Use Plan was coordinated
with the land use related codes.
The Camden County Board of Commissioners encourages the county's Planning Board and staff
to utilize the 1993 Land Use Plan as a guide in making land use related decisions.
C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS
Camden County will utilize the following additional tools to implement this plan:
• Conduct annual training sessions for the Camden County Planning Board and Board of
Adjustment.
• The Planning Department staff, in concertwith the Planning Board, shall prepare an annual
report assessing the effectiveness of plan implementation. This report shall be presented
to the Camden County Board of Commissioners.
• At a minimum, update the Land Use Plan and implementation process every five years.
• Revise the Camden County land use regulatory ordinances to accomplish the following:
Improve definitions
200

- Improve planned unit development, cluster development, and open space
subdivision development provisions
— Incorporate traditional neighborhood development design standards
— Incorporate landscaping and buffering requirements
- Improve road design standards
— Improve site plan requirements
— Require reverse frontage lots within subdivisions
— Require interconnected street systems
Improve control of curb cuts
Incorporate provisions for the dedication of parks/open space
Develop industrial park standards
• Prepare a county -wide recreation and shoreline access plan.
• Prepare a capital improvements plan/program to address the following: water, sewer,
stormwater, and transportation.
D. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE
1. Citizen Participation
For the preparation of this plan, the Camden County Board of Commissioners adopted a citizen
participation plan on February 27, 2003. A copy of that plan is included as Appendix I. Following
adoption of this plan, Camden County will implement the following to ensure adequate citizen
participation:
• The county will encourage public participation in all land use decisions and procedure
development processes and encourages citizen input via its boards, commissions, and -
agencies.
• Camden County will advertise all meetings of the Camden County Planning Board and
Board of Adjustment through newspaper advertisements and public service
announcements.
• Camden Countywill utilize advisory committees to assess and advise the county on special
planning issues/needs. -
201

• The county will, at least annually, conduct a joint meeting of the Camden County Board
of Commissioners and the county's Planning Board to identify planning issues/needs.
• The county will establish a Planning Department web -site for better public information
access. The site will include this plan.
• All public hearings for changes to land use related ordinances which affect AECs shall
include in the notice a specific description of the impact of the proposed change on the
AECs.
• Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory committees has
a broad cross section of Camden County's citizenry.
2. Action Plan/Schedule
Refer to Section VI for the schedule of implementing actions.
E. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
IMPACTS OF LAND USE PLAN POLICIES
Camden County believes that the policies, management goals, planning objectives, and land use
plan requirements contained in this document will have positive impacts for the county. However,
the following could have some negative impacts:
• Transportation improvements in sensitive areas.
• Infrastructure improvements which extend through sensitive environmental areas.
• Potential infringement of growth on sensitive areas.
• Negative impact of population growth on the Camden County School System.
• Overall negative impact on the capacity of Camden County's facilities.
The management objectives, policies, and implementing actions address the issues associated
with these possible negative impacts. Mitigating polices are stated in the conservation policies,
page 147; stormwater control policies, page 148; infrastructure carrying capacity, page 149; and
water quality, page 157.
202

Table 59
Camden County
Policy Analysis Matrix -Land Use Plan Management Topics
Policy Benchmarks - Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
Management Topics
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
other key community
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
facilities and services
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
being available in
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
development
required locations at
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
• reduction of water
adequate capacities to
development patterns
• development of
resource and water
support planned
that take into account
human resources
quality degradation
community growth and
the existing and planned
Land Use and
development patterns
capacity of evacuation
Development Policies
infrastructure
Public Access: P.1 - P.5
P.1 (B), P.2 (B), P.3 (B), P.4
(B), P.5 (B)
Land Use Compatibility:
P.6 (N), P.7 (N), P.8 (B),
P.6 • P.31
P.9 (D), P.10 (N), P.l 1 (N),
P.12 (B), P.13 (B), P.14 (N),
P.15 (B), P.16 (N), P.17 (N).
P.18 (N), P.19 (B), P.20 (B),
P.21 (B), P.22 (N), P.23 (N),
P.24 (B), P.25 (N), P.26 (B).
P.27 (N), P.28 (N), P.29 (B),
P.30 (B), P.31 (N)
Infrastructure: P.32 - P.48
P.32 (B), P.33 (B), P.34 (B),
P.35 (B), P.36 (N), P.37 (D),
P.38 (D), P.39 (D); PAO (B),
P.41 (B), P.42 (B), P.43 (N),
P.44 (N). P.45 (N), P.46 (B),
P.47 (N), P.48 (N),
Natural Hazards:
PA9 (B), P.50 (N), P.51 (N),
P.49 - P.55
P.52 (B), P.53 (B), P.54 (B),
P.55 (B)

Table 59 (continued)
Policy Benchmarks - Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D)
Public Access
Land Use Compatibility
Infrastructure
Natural Hazards
Water Quality
Local Concerns
Management Topics
• more planned access
• reduction in habitat
• water, sewer, and
• land uses and
• land use and
• preservation of
locations
loss and fragmentation
other key community
development patterns
development criteria
cultural, historic, and
• upgrades to existing
related to impacts of
facilities and services
that reduce vulnerability
and measures that
scenic areas
access locations
land use and
being available in
to natural hazards
abate impacts that
• support of economic
development
required locations at
• land uses and
degrade water quality
development
• reduction of water
adequate capacities to
development patterns
• development of
resource and water
support planned
that take into account
human resources
quality degradation
community growth and
the existing and planned
Land Use and
development patterns
capacity of evacuation
Development Policies
infrastructure
Water Quality: P.56 - P.73
P.56 (B), P.57 (N),
P.58 (B), P.59 (B),
P.60 (B), P.61 (B),
P.62 (B), P.63 (N),
P.64 (B), P.65 (N),
P.66 (B), P.67 (B).
P.68 (B), P.69 (B),
P.70 (N), P.71 (B),
P.72 (B), P.73 (B)
Local Concerns:
P.74 (B), P.75 (B),
P.74 - P.84
P.76 (B), P.77 (B),
P.78 (B), P.79 (B),
P.80 (B), P.81 (B),
P.82 (B), P.83 (B),
P.84 (B), P.85 (D)

Notes to the Policy Analysis Matrix:
1. Public Access
PA (B) — P.5 (B) - Policies PA through P.5 all pertain to the provision and improvement of public
access within Camden County. All policies included in the plan either improve existing facilities,
or provide for the construction of additional public access sites in compliance with NC CAMA
standards. The county views public waterfront and estuarine access as a key to tourism and
economic development iri the county. Providing easy public access to environmentally sound
areas of the county will assist in these efforts, as well as provide additional recreational
opportunities for county residents.
2. Land Use Compatibility
P.8 (B) - This policy restricts the occurrences of rezoning from residential to non-residential uses.
By implementing this policy, residential development will be maintained throughout the county
according to existing zoning districts, and development of commercial and industrial facilities will
be restricted to portions of the county supporting this zoning classification. This will concentrate
non-residential development into specific areas, making it easier to deal with issues of stormwater
control and water quality associated with large commercial and industrial developments.
P.9 (D) - High density residential construction will inevitably occur within Camden County.
Although high density development of any kind will be potentially detrimental to water quality
in adjacent drainage basins, the county must require that this development take place where
supporting infrastructure is present.
P.12 (B) - Through discouraging -development in areas designated as low density/agricultural on
the Future Land Use Map, the county is setting a precedent that conversion of farmland to
developed land is not. desirable. The county appreciates its rural nature and would like to
maintain this. Additionally, a majorityofthe areas that fall within the low density/agricultural land
use districts are located either within flood zones or environmentally sensitive areas.
P.13 (B) and P.15 (B) - Requiring wooded and conservation/open space buffers between residential
and non-residential areas within the county will provide several key benefits. Not only will these
areas act as a transition from residential to nonresidential areas, but will also address the issue
of stormwater runoff. Wherever possible riparian buffers will be required as part of all medium
to high density subdivisions.
205

P.19 (B) - By adopting a policy requiring future industrial development and/or expansion to meet
the specific criteria outlined in policy P.19, the county has made it clear that industry that is
potentially detrimental to water quality within the county will not be allowed. As stated in the
policy, beyond the requirementto obtain a CAMA permit for development, industrial development
will not be allowed within coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, or public trust waters unless the
development is specificallywater dependent. Additionally, all county zoning ordinance provisions
must be met for industrial development and expansion.
P.20 (B) - Restricting the development of solid waste/landfill facilities within the countywill result
in maintaining habitats, and an overall benefit to water quality throughout the planning period.
P.21 (B) - Through concentrating industrial development into concentrated areas, addressing
water quality issues resulting from such developmentwill be easier to achieve. Additionally, large
industrial operations require a great deal of infrastructure capacity, and therefore the county can
better allocate these resources if industrial operations are centrally located, such as a
concentrated industrial park.
P.24 (B) -Through not allowing noxious industrial development, and restricting industryto "light
industry, the countywill improve water quality throughout the county. Allowing the development
of environmentally degrading industries to locate within the county will result in a rapid decline
in the county's air and water quality. As a result of this, wildlife habitats and water quality would
be immediately threatened. Because of this, policy P.24 will be adopted.
P.26 (B) The county will not allow commercial, residential, or industrial development to occur
within Natural Heritage Areas. Development within these areas will be restricted to recreation
and open space. Development within other environmentally sensitive areas will be required to
comply with all local, state, and federal restrictions including those imposed by CAMA.
P.29 (B) - Camden County recognizes the impact that construction activity can have on water
quality. Due to this fact, policy P.29 was developed to address this concern. Based on this policy,
the county will pro -actively address the issue of construction and post -construction sediment
runoff.
P.30 (B) - The county fully supports all CAMA and FEMA related policies, programs, and
requirements dealing with sediment control, flood proofing, and stormwater control.
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3. Infrastructure
P.32 (B) — P.35 (B) and P.40 (B) — P.42 (B) - Each of these policy statements details the county's
support for providing adequate public facilities, infrastructure, and county services to meet the
current and future demands of Camden County residents and businesses. Camden County is
aware ofthe development pressures facing the region, and therefore, the Board of Commissioners
supports all efforts to improve and expand on existing services and infrastructure.
P.37 (D) — P.39 (D) - Camden County will allow for the use of septic tanks, as well as the
construction and operation of package treatment plants. The county is currently undergoing
efforts to install a central sewer system, in an effort to eliminate the reliance on septic tanks and
private water treatment facilities throughout the county. Although septic tanks and package
treatment plants are potentially detrimental to the environment, at this time the county has no
other alternative. The county fully supports the efforts of the District Health Department and
North Carolina State University in investigating the operation of package water treatment plants,
to ensure that operations are properly maintained.
P.46 (B) - By supporting all approved Transportation -Improvement Projects as identified and
funded through the North Carolina Department of Transportation, the county has expressed its
support for improving the overall transportation network through the county. There are currently
two road improvement projects, four bridge projects, and one multi -use path project scheduled
in the county.
4. Natural Hazards
P.49 (B) - As noted in this policy, Camden County supports the enforcement of all local, state, and
federal policies restricting development within areas to five feet above high water. Restricting
development in these areas will not ensure that the environmental quality of these areas will be
maintained, but will not allow development to occur in flood prone areas where high water from
storm surges is frequent.
P.52 (B) - P.55 (B) - Camden County recognizes the potential impact that significant cyclonic
storms can have on the county. Storm surge resulting from hurricanes and Nor'easters can be
potentially devastating to residential property owners and businesses if development is not
regulated in a fashion that discourages development within historically flood prone areas. All of
the policies listed here are directed at minimizing development within hazardous areas.
Implementation of these policies will result in more sound development and redevelopment in
the wake of a natural hazard event such as a major hurricane.
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5. Water Quality
P.56 (B) - Camden County recognizes the importance of protecting water quality for its citizens
and the value that the CAMA guidelines and the Soil Conservation Service Best Management
Practices have for that protection.
P.58 (B) - The water quality is significant to commercial and recreational fishing. Camden County
wants to improve the water quality conditions so that fishing will increase in the area. The
increase of visitors to the area has a direct impact on the economy of the area.
P.59 (B) - Best Forestry Management Practices assist in controlling the quantity and quality of
runoff.
P.60 (B) - Disposal of toxic wastes negatively affects fragile areas and wildlife habits.
P.61 (B) - For justification of this policy, see P.61.
P.62 (B) - Underground storage tanks installed before the mid-1980s were made of bare steel.
Bare steel will likely corrode over time and has the potential to leak hazardous material into the
groundwater. Faulty installation and inadequate operation can also cause hazardous material to
leak. Regulation of USTs has caused many of them to be closed.
P.64 (B) - Water quality issues in other areas could affect Camden County and vice versa. The
Pasquotank River Basin Water Quality Management Plan recommends long-term water quality
management strategies for the entire basin.
P.66 (B) - These pollutants can degrade water quality and potentially destroy the marine life.
P.67 (B) - Malfunctioning package treatment plants and septic tanks can introduce pollutants into
the fragile areas and kill the environment.
P.68 (B) - At times, local budgets do not allow for water quality programs. Grants from the state
for these programs can bridge the gap in implementing water quality programs.
P.69 (B) - P.71 (B) - Camden County recognizes the importance and benefits of aquaculture.
However, if aquaculture facilities do not meet certain requirements, they can negatively affect
native fish (by crowding them out) and the water quality (water with high amounts of fish feces
and uneaten food being introduced when released back into rivers and streams).
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P.72 (B) — P.73 (B) - Water quality issues could arise as a result of mooring fields and floating
homes. Sewage pumpout and abandoned vessels are the primary issues.
6. Local Areas of Concern
P.74 (B) — P.75 (B) - Preservation of historic properties and the Great Dismal Swamp is extremely
important to county residents. Maintaining the historical character of the county is a key
component to the overall quality of life in the county, as well as the tourism industry.
Additionally, the Great Dismal Swamp is a vast natural area, which provides a great deal of
recreational opportunities for both residents and visitors. The Great Dismal Swamp is becoming
a significant factor in economic development efforts through the use of eco-tourism.
P.76 (B) — P.80 (B) - These policies reinforce the county's stance with regards to economic
development within the county. The county fully supports all policies, projects, and programs
that will play a role in the advancement of economic development throughout the county.
Additionally, these policies reiterate the county's stance with regards to maintaining light
industrial development, and the provision of adequate public facilities and services to supportthis
development.
P.81 (B) — P.84 (B) - These policies are intended to generally protect the quality of life within the
county and to reduce environmental and structural hazards and nuisances. The issues outlined
in policies P.81 through P.84 are general statements that address issues that are of specific
concern to county residents. Implementation of these policies will serve to improve the overall
quality of life within the county. Additionally, the county supports all state and federal policies
that will serve to restrict the development of man-made hazards within the county. This also will
serve to improve the overall quality of life as well as environmental conditions throughout the
county.
P.85 (D) - This policy outlines the county's stance with regards to the provision ofwater and sewer
service throughout the county. As stated, the county is currently undergoing efforts to install and
provide central sewer service to county residents. In order to achieve this goal, infrastructure
lines will have to be constructed through environmentally sensitive areas. Where this is
necessary, all precautions will be taken to minimize the impact on the environment, and all local,
state and federal permits will be obtained prior to construction of these facilities.
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SECTION VIII. HAZARD MITIGATION, POST RECOVERY,
AND EVACUATION PLANS
A. INTRODUCTION
This section ofthe land use plan has been prepared to assist the county in preparing management
policies for major storms. While post -disaster planning is important, the county recognizes that
proper preventive action is the best way to reduce flood and storm -related damage.
The purpose of this section is to provide a tool with which to protect the health, safety, and
economic security ofthe residents of Camden County from natural hazards. The policies outlined
are to be utilized until Pasquotank County has adopted their Multi jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation
Plan, which includes Camden County. The county will benefit in many ways from these two
documents by: saving lives and reducing injuries, preventing or reducing property damage,
reducing economic losses, minimizing social dislocation and stress, protecting infrastructure from
damage, protecting mental health, limiting legal liability of government and public officials, and
possibly reducing the National Flood Insurance rates for residents. The Pasquotank County
Hazard Mitigation Plan referenced above will meet all requirements ofthe Disaster Mitigation Act
of 2000 (DMA21) and North Carolina's Senate Bill 300. These requirements must be met in order
for the county to be eligible for public assistance in the event of a natural disaster.
B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
North Carolina is subject to many different types of natural hazards including hurricanes,
nor'easters, tornadoes, severe winter weather, wildfires, flooding, and droughts. The
susceptibility of an area to these events depends largely upon its geographic location.
It is important that the county understand the hazards to which it is most susceptible so that it
can direct its mitigation efforts and resources toward the hazards which pose the greatest risk to
county residents and property. It is also important that policy makers understand the nature of
each hazard and its likelihood of occurrence within their jurisdiction. The following section
summarizes each of the hazards mentioned earlier plus some additional hazards that occur in
North Carolina. The summary includes a description of the hazard, a brief history of occurrence,
and a discussion of its likelihood of occurrence.
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1. Hurricanes
Hurricanes are cyclonic storms that originate in tropical ocean waters poleward of about 5
degrees latitude. Basically, hurricanes are heat engines, fueled by the release of latent heat from
the condensation ofwarm water. Their formation requires a low pressure disturbance, sufficiently
warm sea surface temperature, rotational force from the spinning of the Earth, and the absence
of wind shear in the lowest 50,000 feet of the atmosphere.
Hurricanes that impact North Carolina form in the so-called Atlantic Basin, from the west coast
of Africa westward into the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Hurricanes in this basin generally
form between June 1 and November 30, with a peak around mid -September. As a hurricane
develops, barometric pressure at its center falls and winds increase. Winds at or exceeding 39
mph result in the formation of a tropical storm, which is given a name and closely monitored by
the NOAA National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. When winds are at or exceed 74 mph, the
tropical storm is deemed a hurricane.
Hurricane intensity is measured using the Saffir-Simpson Scale, ranging from 1 (minimal) to 5
(catastrophic). The following scale categorizes hurricane intensity linearly based upon maximum
sustained winds, minimum barometric pressure, and storm surge potential.
Category 1: Winds of 74 to 96 miles per hour. Damage primarily to shrubbery, trees, foliage, and
unanchored mobile homes. No appreciable wind damage to other structures. Some damage to
poorly constructed signs. Storm surge possibly 3 to 5 feet above normal. Low-lying roads
inundated, minor pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from moorings.
Category 2: Winds of 97 to 111 miles per hour. Considerable damage to shrubbery and tree
foliage; some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed mobile homes. Extensive damage to
poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roof materials of buildings; some window and door
damage. No major wind damage to buildings. Storm surge possibly 6 to 8 feet above normal.
Coastal roads and low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 2 to 4 hours before arrival
of hurricane center. Considerable damage to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected
anchorages torn from moorings. Evacuation of some shoreline residences and low-lying island
areas required.
Category 3: Winds of 112 to 131 miles per hour. Foliage torn from trees; large trees blown down.
Practically all poorly constructed signs blown down. Some damage to roofing materials of
buildings; some window and door damage. Some structural damage to small buildings. Mobile
homes destroyed. Storm surge possibly 9 to 12 feet above normal. Serious flooding at coast and
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many smaller structures near coast destroyed; larger structures near coast damage by battering
waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before
hurricane center arrives.
Category 4: Winds of 132 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down; all signs down.
Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows, and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many
small residences. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly 13 to 18 feet
above normal. Major damage to lower floors of structures near shore due to flooding and
battering by waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to
5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion of beaches.
Category 5: Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down; considerable
damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very severe and extensive damage to windows and
doors. Complete failure of roofs on many residences and industrial buildings. Extensive
shattering of glass in windows and doors. Some complete building failures. Small buildings
overturned or blown away. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly greater
than 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of all structures less than 15 feet above
sea level. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center
arrives.
North Carolina has had an extensive hurricane history dating back to colonial times. During the
nineteenth century, storms occurred in 1837, 1846, 1856, 1879, 1883, and 1899. During the
1950s, North Carolina was ravaged by several hurricanes, including Hazel, Connie, Diane, and
lone. Between 1960 -1990, there was a decrease in landfalling hurricanes, with the exception of
Hurricane Donna in 1960, Hurricane Ginger in 1971, and Hurricane Diana in 1984. Recent history
has included several hurricanes as well, with Hugo (1989), Emily (1993), Opal (1995), Bertha (1996),
Fran (1996), Bonnie (1998), Dennis (1999), Floyd (1999), and Isabel (2003) all leaving their mark
on North Carolina. However, these storms had varying impacts on Camden County.
Likelihood of Occurrence: North Carolina's geographic location on the Atlantic Ocean and its
proximity to the Gulf Stream make it prone to hurricanes. In fact, North Carolina has experienced
the fourth greatest number of hurricane landfalls of any state in the twentieth century (trailing
Florida, Texas, and Louisiana).
Camden County is located on the Intracoastal Waterway and is immediately adjacent to the
Albemarle Sound. The proximity of the county to the coast greatly increases the likelihood of
occurrence for hurricanes. Using the likelihood of occurrence chart (see Table 61 on page 218)
as a guide, it was determined that hurricanes are "likely" to occur in Camden County.
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2. Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Thunderstorms are the result of convection in the atmosphere. They are typically the by-product
of atmospheric instability, which promotes the vigorous rising of air parcels that form cumulus
and, eventually, the cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) cloud.
A typical thunderstorm may be three miles wide at its base, rise to between 40,000 to 60,000 feet
in the troposphere, and contain half a million tons of condensed water. Conglomerations of
thunderstorms along cold fronts (with squall lines) can extend for hundreds of miles.
Thunderstorms contain tremendous amounts of energy derived from condensation of water.
Wind shears sometimes associated with thunderstorms can cause extensive property damage and
power outages.
According to the National Weather Service, a severe thunderstorm is a thunderstorm which
produces tornadoes, hail 0.75 inches or more in diameter, or winds of 58 mph. However, the
tornado is by far the greatest natural hazard threat from a severe thunderstorm.
The National Weather Service defines a tornado as a violently rotating column of air in contact
with the ground and extending from the base of a thunderstorm. The intensity, path length, and
width of tornadoes are rated according to a scale developed by T. Theodore Fujita and Allen D.
Pearson. The Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale is provided in Table 60.
Table 60
The Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale
F-Scale Damage Winds (mph)
Path Length (miles)
Mean Width (miles)
FO Light 40-72
<1
<0.01
Fl Moderate 73-112
1-3.1
0.01-0.03
F2 Considerable 113-157
3.2-9.9
0.04-0.09
F3 Severe 158-206
10-31
0.1-0.31
F4 Devastating 207-260
32-99
0.32-0.99
F5 Incredible 261-318
z 100
z 1.0
Source: NC Division of Emergency Management, Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Manual
Between the years 1953-1990, 567 tornadoes were recorded in North Carolina. Only one ofthese
storm events was located within Camden County.
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Likelihood of Occurrence: Thunderstorms are common throughout North Carolina, and have
occurred in all months. Thunderstorm -related deaths and injuries in North Carolina (1959-1992)
have peaked during July and August. Between 1953 and 1990, 71 % of North Carolina's tornadoes
were classified as weak, 28% as strong, and about 1% as violent. Based on Southeast Regional
Climate Center (SERCC) statistics, North Carolina ranks 22"d in total number oftornadoes and 18th
in tornado deaths in the United States for the period 1953-1995.
Although tornadoes have been reported in North Carolina throughout the year, most ofthem have
occurred in the spring, with 13% in March, 11 % in April, 22% in May, and 14 % in June. Based on the
Likelihood of Occurrence Chart (see Table 61 on page 218), Camden County is considered to have
a "highly likely" likelihood of occurrence.
3. Flooding
Flooding is a localized hazard that is generally the result of excessive precipitation. However, in
coastal areas, storm surge and wind -driven waves are significant components of flooding. Floods
can be generally considered in two categories: flash floods, the product of heavy localized
precipitation in a short time period over a given location; and general floods, caused by
precipitation over a longer time period and over a given river basin.
Flooding is the most common environmental hazard in Camden County, due to the county's
proximity to the coast and the attraction of residents to these coastal areas. Flash floods occur
within a few minutes or hours of heavy amounts of rainfall or from a dam or levee failure. Flash
floods can destroy buildings and bridges, uproot trees, and scour out new drainage channels.
Periodic flooding of lands adjacent to non -tidal rivers and streams is a natural and inevitable
occurrence. When stream flow exceeds the capacity of the normal water course, some of the
above -normal stream flow spills over onto adjacent lands within the floodplain. Riverine flooding
is a function of precipitation levels and water runoff volumes within the watershed of the stream
or river.
Floodplains are divisible into areas expected to be inundated by spillovers from stream flow levels
associated with specific flood -return frequencies. The National Flood Insurance Program uses
flood hazard zone designations to indicate the magnitude of flood hazards in specific areas (see
Map 3, page 33). The following are flood hazard zones located within Camden County and a
definition of what each zone means.
Zone AE: This zone is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the 100-year
floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by detailed methods. In
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most instances, Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses
are shown at selected intervals within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase
requirements apply.
Zone A: This zone is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the 100-year
floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by approximate methods.
Because detailed hydraulic analyses are not performed for such areas, no Base Flood
Elevations (BFEs) or depths are shown within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance
purchase requirements apply.
Coastal flooding is typically a result of storm surge, wind -driven waves, and heavy rainfall. These
conditions are produced by hurricanes during the summer and fall, and nor'easters and other large
coastal storms during the winter and spring. Storm surges may overrun barrier islands and push
sea water up coastal rivers and inlets blocking the downstream flow of inland runoff. Thousands
of acres of crops and forestlands may be inundated by both saltwater and freshwater. Escape
routes, particularly from barrier islands, may be cut off quickly stranding residents in flooded
areas and hampering rescue efforts.
Likelihood of Occurrence: Flood hazard varies by location and type of flooding, however, roughly
56% of Camden County's land is located within a flood hazard area. Coastal areas are most at risk
from flooding caused by hurricanes, tropical storms, and nor'easters. Low-lying coastal areas in
close proximity to. the shore, sounds, or estuaries are exposed to the threat of flooding from
storm surge and wind -driven waves, as well as from intense rainfall. Areas bordering rivers may
also be affected by large discharges caused by heavy rainfall over upstream areas.
The dominant sources of flooding in the county are storm surge inundation and local ponding of
stormwater runoff. As mentioned before, fifty-six percent (5651o) of the county's land is located
within a flood hazard area, and the county is located on the Intracoastal Waterway. Due to its
geographical location, Camden County is susceptible to flooding. The likelihood of occurrence
for flooding, based on the Likelihood of Occurrence Chart (see Table 61 on page 218), is "likely.
4. Nor'easters
In the past decade, research meteorologists have recognized the significance of nor'easters and
their potential to cause damage along the coast. Unlike hurricanes, these storms are extratropical
and derive their strength from horizontal gradients in temperature.
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The presence of the warm Gulf Stream waters off the eastern seaboard during the winter acts to
dramatically increase surface horizontal temperature gradients within the coastal zone. During
winter offshore cold periods, these horizontal temperature gradients can result in rapid and
intense destabilization of the atmosphere directly above and shoreward of the Gulf Stream. This
period of instability often precedes wintertime coastal extratropical cyclone development.
It is the temperature structure of the continental air mass and the position of the temperature
gradient along the Gulf Stream that drives this cyclone development. As a low pressure deepens,
winds and waves can uninhibitedly increase and cause serious damage to coastal areas as the
storm generally moves to the northeast. The proximity of North Carolina's coast to the Gulf
Stream makes it particularly prone to nor'easters.
A number of notable nor'easters have impacted North Carolina in recent decades, including the
Ash Wednesday Storm of March 1962, but they were typically only of local concern. In March
1983, a nor'easter occurred that brought about widespread flooding.
Likelihood of Occurrence: Although nor'easters are more diffuse and less intense than hurricanes,
they occur more frequently and cover larger areas and longer coastal reaches at one time. As a
result, the likelihood of a nor'easter occurring in Camden County is much higher than that of a
hurricane. However, the potential for significant damage to the county resulting from a nor'easter
is much less than that of a hurricane. Analysis of nor'easter frequency by researchers reveals
fewer nor'easters during the 1980s. However, the frequency of major nor'easters has increased
in recent years. The likelihood of occurrence, based on the Likelihood of Occurrence Chart (see
Table 61 on page 218), is "possible".
5. Severe Winter Storms
Severe winter storms can produce an array of hazardous weather conditions, including heavy
snow, blizzards, freezing rain and ice pellets, and extreme cold. Severe winter storms are
extratropical cyclones fueled by strong temperature gradients and an active upper -level jet stream.
The winter storms that impact North Carolina generally form in the Gulf of Mexico or off the
southeast Atlantic Coast. Few of these storms result in blizzard conditions, defined by the
presence of the winds in excess of 35 mph, falling and blowing snow, and a maximum
temperature of 20 degrees Fahrenheit. While the frequency and magnitude of snow events are
highest in the mountains due to the elevation, the geographical orientation of the mountains and
Piedmont contribute to a regular occurrence of freezing precipitation events (e.g., ice pellets and
freezing rain) in the Piedmont.
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There have been eight (8) incidences of severe winter weather in Camden County since 1996.
Snow and sleet occur on an average of once or twice a year. The main effects of winter storms
in Camden County are immobility and a large number of frozen water pipes. It is important to
note that extreme low temperatures are also a hazard for the county and do not necessarily occur
during times of sleet and snow.
Likelihood of Occurrence: The entire State of North Carolina has a likelihood of experiencing
severe winter weather. The threat varies by location and by type of storm. Coastal areas typically
face their greatest threat from nor'easters and other severe winter coastal storms. Freezing rain
and ice storms typically occur once every several years at coastal locations, and severe
snowstorms have been recorded occasionally in coastal areas. Based on historic information and
the location of the county, the likelihood of occurrence for a severe winter storm is "possible"
(see Table 61 on page 218).
6. Wildfire
A wildfire is an uncontrolled burning of grasslands, brush, or woodlands. The potential for
wildfire depends upon surface fuel characteristics, recent climate conditions, current
meteorological conditions, and fire behavior. Hot, dry summers and dry vegetation increase
susceptibility to fire in the fall, a particularly dangerous time of year for wildfire. The potential
for a major fire hazard depends on the characteristics of the fuel, the climate, and fire behavior.
While natural fires occur in any area in which there is vegetation, flammability varies by species,
moisture content, and is influenced by the climate. Temperate, primarily deciduous forests, such
as those in North Carolina are most vulnerable to fire in autumn when the foliage dries out.
Grasses are least prone to ignition in the morning when their moisture content is greatest.
Many wildfires have been caused by lightning strikes; however, humans are the greatest cause of
wildfires. The progressive expansion of human activities into heavily vegetated areas has not only
increased the number ofwildfires but also increased the losses to life and property. The majority
of fires that threaten life and property have been due to human actions. Main sources of ignition
have been agricultural fires, discarded cigarette butts, and campfires that have gotten out of
control.
Likelihood of Occurrence: In North Carolina, wildfire potential has been assessed using State
Forest Service records for the period 1950-1993. Counties were classified as High (score of 3),
Moderate (score of 2), or Low (score of 1) depending on their rank for both number of fires and
number of acres burned. The scores for both of these statistics were then added to generate a
combined classification. The combined scores ranged from a low of 2 to a high of 5. Camden
County's combined score was a 2, indicating a low probability of occurrence. The likelihood of
occurrence for wildfires is "possible" (see Table 61 on page 218).
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7. Drought/Heat Waves
The National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) generally defines a drought as a hazard of nature
that is a result of a deficient supply of precipitation to meet the demand. Droughts occur in all
types of climate zones and have varying effects on the area experiencing the drought. Droughts
tend to be associated with heat waves. An extended drought period may have economic impacts
(agriculture, industry, tourism, etc.), social impacts (nutrition, recreation, public safety, etc.), and
environmental impacts (animal/plant, wetland, and water quality).
NDMC also reports that droughts are related to the balance between precipitation and
evapotranspiration or to the timing of seasonal occurrences such as rainy seasons. Often times,
development and human involvement aggravate the impact of droughts. Planning for droughts
has become increasingly more important. Thirty-eight states have some type of drought plan in
place. North Carolina is one of those states with a drought plan focusing on response.
Likelihood of Occurrence: It is difficult for scientists to predict when droughts will occur. They
are dependent upon the accurate forecasting of precipitation and temperature. Precipitation is
a very important component of water supply and studying historic precipitation data and the
area's climate can provide an idea of the potential for drought. The Soil Survey of Camden
County, North Carolina states that groundwater is plentiful throughout the county and
precipitation occurs throughout the year. Annual precipitation is 49 inches with fifty-seven
percent (57%) occurring between April and September, which is the growing season for most crops
grown in the area. Droughts can occur in the county but as mentioned above they are difficult
to predict. In light of the climate in the area, the likelihood of occurrence is "possible" (see Table
61 on page 218).
Table 61
Hazard Identification and Analysis Summary
Likelihood of Occurrence'
Intensity Rating2
Potential Impact'
Type of Hazard &
(Highly Likely, Likely,
(Intensity Scales or
(Catastrophic, Critical,
Associated Elements
Possible, Unlikely)
Relative Terms)
Limited, Negligible)
Hurricanes
Likely
Severe
Critical
Thunderstorms/
Highly Likely
Moderate
Negligible
Tornados
Flooding
Likely
Severe
Critical
Nor'easters
Possible
Moderate
Limited
Severe Winter
Possible
Moderate
Negligible
Storms
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Table 61 (continued)
Likelihood of Occurrence'
Intensity Rating2
Potential Impact'
Type of Hazard &
(Highly Likely, Likely,
(Intensity Scales or
(Catastrophic, Critical,
Associated Elements
Possible, Unlikely)
Relative Terms)
Limited, Negligible)
Wildfire
Possible
Moderate
Negligible
Drought
Possible
Mild
Negligible
NOTES:
' Likelihood of occurrence was estimated using historic data and the following chart:
Likelihood
Frequency of Occurrence
Highly Likely
Near 100% probability in the next year
Likely
Between 10 and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one
chance in the next 10 years
Possible
Between 1 and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one
chance in the next 100 years
Unlikely
Less than 1 % probability in the next year, or less than one chance in
the next 100 years
2 The hazard's intensity was estimated using historic data and various standardized scales.
a The potential impact
was estimated by considering the magnitude of the event, how large an area within
the community
is affected, and the amount of human activity in that area, then using the following chart
as a tool:
Level
Area Affected Impact
Catastrophic
More than 50% - Multiple deaths
- Complete shutdown of facilities for 30 days or more
- More than 50 percent of property is severely damaged
Critical
25 to 50% - Multiple severe injuries
- Shutdown of critical facilities for 1-2 weeks
- More than 25 percent of property is severely damaged
Limited
10 to 25% - Some injuries
- Shutdown of some critical facilities 24 hours to one week
• More than 10 percent of property is severely damaged
Negligible
Less than 10% - Minor injuries
- Minimal quality -of -life impact
- Shutdown of some critical facilities and services for 24 hours or
less
- Less than 10 percent of property is severely damaged
Source: North Carolina Division of Emergency Management.
219

C. DEVELOPMENT VULNERABILITY
Vulnerability to a natural hazard is defined as the extent to which people experience harm and
property damage from a hazard. Hazards may result in loss of life or injury to people; loss of or
damage to homes, businesses, and industries; loss or damage to automobiles, furnishings, records
and documents; damages or interruptions to power and telephone lines; damage or closing of
roads, railroads, airports, and waterways; and general disruption of life. It is important to know
where and to what extent the community is susceptible to the impacts of natural hazards To fully
understand the extent of Camden County's vulnerability, it is necessary to know what is currently
at risk and what could be at risk if growth and development occur as currently permitted.
Camden County, as shown on Map 1 earlier in the plan, is located immediately adjacent to the
Intracoastal Waterway and Albemarle Sound. The county is also in close proximity to the Pamlico
Sound, which leads to the Atlantic Ocean.
1. Zoning and Existing Land Use
Camden County encompasses 150,557 acres, or 235 square miles. There are twelve zoning
districts: four of the districts are residential zoning districts, three are business zoning districts,
two are industrial zoning districts; there are also community core, general use, and planned
residential development districts (refer to Map 24 on page 111). A land use survey was also
conducted in conjunction with this plan (see Map 13, page 73). The data collected through this
survey will be utilized to determine the acreage and number of properties that are currently
vulnerable to a flooding hazard.
Tables 62 through 64 below present the vulnerability to both the property within each zoning
district and the existing land use data to FEMA designated flood zones discussed on page 32 (see
Map 3, page 33), as well as the Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation Model (SLOSH) developed by
the Army Corps of Engineers (see Map 4, page 35). In 1986, the US Army Corps of Engineers
prepared maps of coastal North Carolina that delineated the flooding which may be expected to
occur as a result of hurricanes. The maps were prepared utilizing a computer -based model named
SLOSH (Sea, Lake, Overland Surges From Hurricanes). The model plots hurricane -related flooding
which may result from a number of characteristics including wind speed, wind direction, time,
tide, etc. According to the National Hurricane Center, the SLOSH model is generally accurate
within plus or minus 20 percent. The information below provides a summary of how vulnerable
developed and undeveloped portions of the county are to potential coastal flooding that is
associated with several of the storm events discussed earlier in this section.
220

Table 62
Camden County
Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain
Developed
Undeveloped
% of
% of
Land Use Parcels Acreage
Total
Parcels
Acreage
Total
Agricultural/Open 0 0.00
0.00%
2,332
56,568.93
100.00%
Space/Low Density
Residential
Commercial 36 50.71
0.18%
0
0.00
0.00%
Industrial 3 1,161.59
4.21%
0
0.00
0.00%
Multi -Family 2 31.35
0.11%
0
0.00
0.00%
Office & Institutional 30 134.11
0.49%
0
0.00
0.00%
Residential 998 1,006.63
3.65%
0
0.00
0.00%
Recreational 10 25,220.23
91.36%
0
0.00
0.00%
Total 1,079 27,604.62
100.00%
2,332
56,568.93
100.00%
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
Table 63
Camden County
Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain - Zoning
Zone Parcels
Acreages
CCD Community Core 63
139.94
GUD General Use 1,235
69,403.93
HC Highway Commercial 136
380.12
1-1 Light Industrial 42
1,054.82
PUD Planned Unit Development 4
51.91
MC Marine Commercial 65
378.08
NCD Neighborhood Commercial 6
3.42
R-1 Residential 47
109.82
R-2 Residential 650
2,587.89
R-3 Residential 1,209
9,441.74
Total 3,457
83,551.66
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
221

Table 64
Camden County
Storm Surge Inundation
Developed Land
Category 1& 2
Category 3
Category 4& 5
Land Use
Parcels
Acreage
Parcels
Acreage
Parcels
Acreage
Commercial
22
13.79
19
19.63
48
84.82
Industrial
1
1,087.25
3
75.11
3
217.45
Multi -Family
1
27.60
1
2.40
2
9.19
Office &
12
37.10
19
26.89
45
203.00
Institutional
Residential
465
255.56
710
414.67
1,834
1,870.45
Recreational
9
1,652.68
5
444.99
5
232.93
Total
510
3,073.98
757
983.69
1,937
2,617.84
Vacant Land
Category 1& 2 Category 3 Category 4& 5
Land Use Parcels Acreage Parcels Acreage Parcels Acreage
Agricultural/ 1,383 30,024.00 1,520 12,731.40 2,318 60,073.21
Open Space/
Low Density
Residential
Total 1,383 30,024.00 1,520 12,731.40 2,318 60,073.21
Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc.
The property broken down above with the associated hazards will require land use policies that
control the type and distribution of land uses designed to minimize the potential damage from
future hurricanes. At this time, Camden County has implemented provisions in its local zoning
and subdivision ordinances and the flood damage prevention ordinance that are consistent with
a policy ofminimizing flood damage by controlling land use and assigning restrictive development
standards to these high -risk environments.
222

2. Estuarine Shoreline AEC
This hazard area extends only 75 feet landward of the mean high water line as defined by the
Division of Coastal Management in areas adjacent to non-ORW waters, and 575 feet landward of
the mean high water line in areas adjacent to ORW waters. However, the entire estuarine
shoreline environment is subject to an extended hazard zone depending on low-lying topography,
which is subject to varying degrees of flooding and wave action. The county's zoning and
subdivision ordinances and flood damage prevention ordinance are consistent with development
standards required for this area by DCM and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
3. Non -AEC Areas
All areas within the county are subject to some destructive aspect of hurricane damage through
high winds, flooding, wave action, or erosion. If even a limited portion or percentage of the
county were impacted from the effects of a major hurricane, the potential for damages in dollars
can be significant. Implementation of mitigation of hurricane damage through proper land
development policies and conformance with state building codes can be expected to result in a
significant reduction in the extent and cost of loss of property and lives in the county when a
major storm event strikes.
0. HAZARD MITIGATION POLICIES
The following are Camden County's policies concerning hazard mitigation:
• Camden County will continue to support its storm hazard mitigation policies provided in
the 1993 Camden County CAMA Land Use Plan.
• Camden County will continue to rely on its existing ordinances and land use controls to
regulate development.
• The county will continue to actively pursue state and federal grant funds with respect to
Hazard Mitigation to assist in the implementation ofthe recommendations included in this
plan.
• Camden County will continue to encourage projects undertaken by the county's Law
Enforcement, Fire, Public Works, and Inspections Departments that will lessen the
vulnerability of the county and its residents to natural hazards. When projects are found
to address hazard mitigation, the availability of state and federal grant funds that may
assist the county with the cost should be investigated.
223

• The county will continue to stay current with all CRS reporting requirements to ensure
continued program participation.
• The county will attempt to improve the its Community Rating System (CRS) classification,
and consequently, lowerflood insurance rates for residential, commercial, and institutional
property.
• The county will advertise the availability of flood insurance on an annual basis.
• The county will develop a stormwater management ordinance.
E. HURRICANE EVACUATION PLANNING
Hurricane evacuation planning is addressed by the Camden County Emergency Operations Plan.
F. POST -DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN
Camden County operates under the jurisdiction ofthe Pasquotank County Emergency Operations
Plan. Coordination and implementation of this plan falls completely under the control of the
Pasquotank County Emergency Operations Center. A full copy of this document is available
through the Camden County Manager's Office. A summary of Post -Disaster Reconstruction
policies and procedures is outlined below. These policies support intergovernmental coordination
between Camden County and Pasquotank County.
The county's Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan is organized in the following sections:
• Introduction
• Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team
• Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements
• Organization of Recovery Operations
• Recommended Reconstruction Policies
The following provides a summary of the plan's most important provisions and policies from each
of these five sections.
224

l . Introduction
Defines plan purpose and use; identifies three distinct reconstruction periods: Emergency,
Restoration, and Replacement/Reconstruction. Outlines sequence of procedures to be followed
to meet state and federal disaster relief regulations:
(1) Assess storm damage and report to county.
(2) County compiles and summarizes individual community reports.
(3) State compiles county data and makes recommendation to the Governor.
(4) Governor requests Presidential Declaration.
(5) Federal Relief programs available.
2. Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team
Outlines personnel available and sets up means for mayoral appointment of team.
3. Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements
The purpose of this phase is to rapidly determine immediately following a storm disaster: 1)
number of structures damaged, 2) magnitude of damage by structure type, 3) estimated total
dollar loss, and 4) estimated total dollar loss covered by insurance. To accomplish this, the plan
established four categories of damage: 1) destroyed (repairs > 80% of value), 2) major (repairs
> 30% of value), 3) minor (repairs < 30% of value), and 4) habitable (repairs < 15% of value). Any
structure located in an AEC that is damaged more than 50% of its value is considered destroyed
by CAMA permitting standards, and a new permit will be required for reconstruction of such
structure.
Total damage in dollars is estimated by taking the tax valuation times a factor to make prices
current, then factoring these figures according to number of structures in each of the above
damage classifications. Estimated insurance coverage is made by utilizing information as to
average coverage obtained by insurance agencies on an annual basis.
4. . Organization of Recovery Operations
The Mayor and Board of Commissioners assume the duties of a Recovery Task Force. The Task
Force must accomplish the following:
• . Establish re-entry procedures.
225

• Establish overall restoration scheme.
• Set restoration priorities.
• Determine requirements for outside assistance and requesting such assistance when
beyond local capabilities.
• Keep appropriate county and state officials informed using Situation and Damage Reports.
• Keep the public informed.
• Assemble and maintain record of actions taken and expenditures and obligations incurred.
• Proclaim a local "state of emergency" if warranted.
Commence clean-up, debris removal, and utility restoration activities undertaken by
private utility companies.
• Undertake repair and restoration of essential public facilities and services in accordance
with priorities developed through situation evaluations.
• Assist individual property owners in obtaining information on the various types of
assistance that might be available from federal and state agencies.
G. RECOMMENDED RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES
All of the following policies have been designed to be 1) considered and adopted by the County
Manager and County Commissioners of Camden County prior to a storm, and 2) implemented, as
appropriate, after a storm occurs:
1. Bridge Re-entry Permits
• Re-entry permits will be required to pass through roadblocks assuming a full evacuation
was issued prior to the storm event. These permits must be applied for at the County
Administrative Building prior to evacuation. County officials, law enforcement, fire,
emergency medical, and emergency management organization personnel will be issued
special permits for early re-entry to inspect the county for safe public re-entry. Camden
226

County residents and others who are authorized to return after the island has officially
been declared safe for re-entry may apply for the re-entry permits. Others must rem?in
outside the county until conditions are stabilized and normal traffic can be resumed.
Camden County residents will be issued re-entry permits on the basis of one per family.
Two permits may be issued in exceptional cases. Applicants must show proof of residency.
• Short-term renters (vacationers) will not be issued permits. Personal property tax records
will be checked for proof of residency upon application.
• Re-entry permits will only be issued upon personal application at the county administrative
building during normal duty hours.
• Non-resident owners of improved properties (not vacant lots) may be issued permits on
the basis of one per owner. They may apply in writing showing the address of the
property for a tax record check.
• Owners and managers of businesses may apply for re-entry permits for themselves and
employees who are required before normal traffic is resumed. The manager, or his
representative, must submit a written application listing the number of re-entry permits
required and the position of each person who will receive one. These permits must be
retained under the control of the manager for issue before the storm strikes.
2. Permitting
• Building permits to restore structures located outside of designated AEC areas that were
previously built in conformance with local codes, standards, and the provisions of the
North Carolina Building Code shall be issued automatically.
• All structures suffering major damages as defined in the county's Damage Assessment Plan
(outlined in the Pasquotank County EOP) shall be repaired or rebuilt to conform to the
provisions ofthe CAMA regulations (including setbacks), North Carolina Building Code, the
Camden County Code, and the Camden County Floodplain Management Regulations.
• All conforming structures suffering minor damage as defined in the Camden County
Damage Assessment Plan shall be permitted to be rebuilt to their original state before the
storm condition.
227

• For all structures in designated AECs, a determination shall be made for each AEC as to
whether the provisions of the CAMA regulations (including setbacks), NC Building Code,
the state regulations for Areas of Environmental Concern, and the Camden County
Floodplain Management Regulations appeared adequate in minimizing storm damages.
For areas where the construction and use requirements appear adequate, permits shall be
issued in accordance with permitting policies listed above. For AECs where the
construction and use requirements do not appear to have been adequate in mitigating
damages, a Temporary Development Moratorium for all structures located within that
specific AEC should be imposed.
• Permits shall not be issued in areas subject to a temporary development moratorium until
such a moratorium is lifted by the Camden County Board of Commissioners.
3. Utility and Facility Reconstruction
• The county will repair all damaged water system components so as to be elevated above
the 100-year floodplain or shall be floodproofed, with the methods employed and the
construction being certified by a registered professional engineer.
• The potable water supply will be turned off in the event of evacuation.
4. Temporary Development Moratorium
Under certain circumstances, interim development moratoriums can be used in order to give a
local government time to assess damages, to make sound decisions, and to learn from its storm
experiences. Such a moratorium must be temporary and it must be reasonably related to the
public health, safety, and welfare.
Camden County will suffer heavy and serious damages should a major storm make landfall in its
vicinity. Consequently, the county should be prepared to issue temporary development
moratoriums as appropriate.
It is not possible to determine prior to a storm whether a temporary development moratorium
will be needed. Such a measure should only be used if damage in a particular area is very serious
and if redevelopment of the area in the same manner as previously existed would submit the
residents of the area to similar public health and safety problems. In Camden County, such a
situation is most likely to occur in one or more of the AECs.
228

The Camden County policy regarding the proclamation of temporary development moratoriums
shall be:
• To determine for each AEC whether the provisions of the NC Building Code, the state
guidelines for AECs, and the Camden County Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
appeared adequate in minimizing storm damages. For AECs where the construction and
use requirements do not appear adequate, a temporary development moratorium for all
structures located within that specific AEC shall be imposed.
• After imposing a temporary development moratorium for an AEC, the county shall request
that the Coastal Resources Commission conduct a special analysis for the county and all
other similar communities in order to determine how local regulations for those hazard
areas, which are based on state and/or federal guidelines or requirements, should be
improved or modified. A response from the state within a reasonable time period as
determined through negotiations should be requested.
• The temporary building moratorium in all AECs shall be lifted after local ordinances and
regulations have been revised based on state recommendations or decisions ofthe County
Manager and Board of Commissioners. Reconstruction shall be permitted in accordance
with existing regulations and requirements.

APPENDIX I
CAMDEN COUNTY
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (ADVANCED CORE LAND USE PLAN)
PHASE t
Camden County has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of a
Comprehensive Plan (Advanced Core Land Use Plan). Adequate citizen participation in the
development of the plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of
the citizens of Camden County. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program
will be utilized by the county.
The Camden County Board of Commissioners will appoint a Camden County Land Use Plan Update
Committee to work with the county's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be
a plan suitable for adoption by the county. The committee will include the following representatives
from the Board of Commissioners (2), Planning Board (2), and one person representing each of the
county's townships.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the LUPC will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment
of the following:
• Conduct initial orientation session with project team; identify villages and other
special study area corridor boundaries; develop and adopt the Citizen Participation
Plan; conduct public information meeting; and conduct a county -wide meeting to
identify community aspirations, issues, and needs. In addition, prepare analysis of
existing and emerging conditions; prepare existing land use map and existing facilities
& infrastructure map; review analysis of existing and emerging conditions and existing
environmental conditions and hazards; complete analysis of community facilities.
• Finalize forecast of future land use needs; prepare composite environmental
conditions map; preparelreview land suitability analysis and map; review existing
CAMA plan, local regulations, and other plan documents.
• Prepare and complete preliminary plan including three village plan areas (South Mills,
Camden, and Shiloh), transportation corridor areas (US 17, NC 343, and US 158), a
stormwater management plan, and a resource conservation management action plan
for the non -village or corridor areas.
The following schedule will be utilized for Phase 1:
1. January, 2003
— Conduct public information meeting.
— Board of Commissioners adopt the Citizen Participation Plan.
— Conduct initial meeting with LUPUC and review Citizen Participation Plan and
process for preparing the land use plan.
— Conduct county -wide issues identification meeting.

2. January - June, 2003 — Prepare preliminary draft land use plan which will include
analysis of existing conditions, land suitability analysis, and study area and highway
corridor plans. Conduct monthly meetings with the LUPUC.
3. May, 2003 - Present draft plan to the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners.
4. June, 2003 - Conduct open house; present plan to the Board of Commissioners.
All meetings of the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed will be
advertised in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, county -wide meeting, and public
hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service announcements will
be mailed to local radio stations and posted in the county complex and other public buildings as
directed by the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners. All meetings will be open to the public. The
county will encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major
non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Camden County.
12/19/02
CAMy Documents0anningUand Use\Camden County\ReporMppendix l.wpd

CAMDEN COUNTY
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
PREPARATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (ADVANCED CORE LAND USE PLAN)
PHASE II
Camden County has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of a
Comprehensive Plan (Advanced Core Land Use Plan). Adequate citizen participation in the
development of the plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of
the citizens of Camden County. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program
will be utilized by the county.
The Camden County Board of Commissioners has appointed a Camden County Land Use Plan Update
Committee (LUPUC) to work with the county's planning consultant to ensure that the final product
will be a plan suitable for adoption by the county. The committee includes representatives from the
Board of Commissioners (2), Planning Board (2), and one person representing each of the county's
townships.
Specifically, the planning consultant and the LUPUCwill be responsible for ensuring accomplishment
of the following:
• Update Citizen Participation Plan; public review of preliminary LUP.
• Revise preliminaryplan based on public review, addingthe following: implementation
strategy for each village area, Mitigation and Implementation Action Plan which will
include preliminary development tools, standards, and regulations to implement
village plans and Resource Management Action Plan, document the basis for
differences between the Land Suitability Analysis Map and Future Land Use Map;
complete and present document to Planning Board and County Commissioners.
• Submit plan to state/DCM for review; provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions for review;
conduct public information hearings.
• Revise plan based on state and local review; conduct public hearing; Board of
Commissioners adoption; submit for CRC certification.
The following schedule will be utilized for Phase II:
1. July - September, 2003
— Update Citizen Participation Plan.
Conduct public review meeting of preliminary LUP.
2. October - December, 2003 — Revise preliminary plan based on public review. Conduct
monthly meetings with the LUPUC.
3. February -March, 2004 — Submit draft plan to state/DCM for review. Provide plan to
adjacent jurisdictions for review. Conduct public information meetings.
4. April, 2004 — Revise plan based on state and local review.

5. May, 2004 - Submit plan to the Camden County Planning Board.
6. June, 2004 — Conduct public hearing for Board of Commissioners to adopt plan.
Submit to CRC for certification.
All meetings of the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed will be
advertised in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, county -wide meeting, and public
hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service announcements will
be mailed to local radio stations and posted in the county complex and other public buildings as
directed by the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners. All meetings will be open to the public. The
county will encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major
non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Camden County.
6/5/03
E.Tianning%and Use\Camden County\Report\Appendix I.wpd

APPENDIX lI
ABSENTEE PROPERTY OWNER
SURVEY RESULTS
Pursuant to the CAMA guidelines for preparation of a Core CAMA Land Use Plan, Camden County
distributed surveys to 408 absentee property owners. Some of the surveys were mailed on
November 7, 2003, and the rest were mailed on November 10, 2003. This
represented
approximately 20% of the county's absentee property owners. A total of 62 completed
questionnaires were returned. The survey questions with results tabulated immediately
follows
the key issue results. The following provides a comparison of the county -wide
meeting and
absentee property owners' ranking of the Camden County key issues:
KEY ISSUE County-
Absentee
wide Rank
Rank
• Improve Infrastructure 1
2
► Reverse osmosis water treatment plant and waterline
project.
► Development of infrastructure and other needed facilities
including the South Mills and Camden Village sewer
systems.
► Water and sewer future plans for expansion.
► How far is natural gas going to extend.
► Focus sewer on core business areas.
► Natural gas in core business areas.
► Develop more infrastructure along business corridor.
• Growth 2
1
► Implementation of the county's growth management plan.
► Control/restrict growth.
► Control of conflicting land uses along the US 17, US 158
and NC 343 highway corridors.
• Better opportunities in education. 3
4
• Subdivisions 4
3
► More restrictions on land available for subdivisions/mobile
home parks.
► More open space for subdivisions.
• Expansion of Parks and Recreation 5
8
• Impact fees. 6
5
• Expand major highways. 7
9
• Select industry development (light manufacturing, golf 8
7
course).
• Keep farming areas and developments apart. 9
6
• More public access to water. 10
10

The following questionnaire identifies several of the most significant issues discussed in
the plan. Read through each statement, and simply answer whether you: Disagree, have
No Comment, or Agree in the space provided below.
1. Camden County needs to provide more recreational facilities and programs to its
citizens.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
2. Camden County should increase its efforts to improve surface water quality (ex.
rivers, streams, and branches).
8
19
34
Disagree
No O inion
Agree
7
15
39
3. Camden County is taking the proper steps to maintain the rural nature of the
community in response to develo ment pressures from the Tidewater Virginia area.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
10 26 24
4. In light of the recent increased restrictions regarding strorm water runoff control
currently being implemented in a majority of counties across the state, Camden
County should begin implementing a more pro active stormwater control program.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
9 16 34
5. Camden County should increase its economic development efforts, and provide
more incentives in an effort to attract more large industries to the county.
as
Disa ree Mn O inion A ree
16 9 36
�]
6. Camden County should work with developers and state grant funding agencies to
provide more affordable housin throughout the county.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
16 18 27
7. Camden County is currently taking adequate steps to protect the County's
valuable natural resources such as: The Great Dismal Swamp, The Pasquotank
River, Forest Lands, Fishin Grounds, Shellfishin Beds, and Wetland are
.
Disa ree No O inion A ree
4 25 31
4. In light of the recent increased restrictions regarding strorm water runoff control
currently being implemented in a majority of counties across the state, Camden
County should begin implementing a more pro active stormwater control program.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
9 16 34
5. Camden County should increase its economic development efforts, and provide
more incentives in an effort to attract more large industries to the county.
as
Disa ree Mn O inion A ree
16 9 36
�]
6. Camden County should work with developers and state grant funding agencies to
provide more affordable housin throughout the county.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
16 18 27
7. Camden County is currently taking adequate steps to protect the County's
valuable natural resources such as: The Great Dismal Swamp, The Pasquotank
River, Forest Lands, Fishin Grounds, Shellfishin Beds, and Wetland are
.
Disa ree No O inion A ree
4 25 31
5. Camden County should increase its economic development efforts, and provide
more incentives in an effort to attract more large industries to the county.
as
Disa ree Mn O inion A ree
16 9 36
�]
6. Camden County should work with developers and state grant funding agencies to
provide more affordable housin throughout the county.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
16 18 27
7. Camden County is currently taking adequate steps to protect the County's
valuable natural resources such as: The Great Dismal Swamp, The Pasquotank
River, Forest Lands, Fishin Grounds, Shellfishin Beds, and Wetland are
.
Disa ree No O inion A ree
4 25 31
6. Camden County should work with developers and state grant funding agencies to
provide more affordable housin throughout the county.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
16 18 27
7. Camden County is currently taking adequate steps to protect the County's
valuable natural resources such as: The Great Dismal Swamp, The Pasquotank
River, Forest Lands, Fishin Grounds, Shellfishin Beds, and Wetland are
.
Disa ree No O inion A ree
4 25 31
7. Camden County is currently taking adequate steps to protect the County's
valuable natural resources such as: The Great Dismal Swamp, The Pasquotank
River, Forest Lands, Fishin Grounds, Shellfishin Beds, and Wetland are
.
Disa ree No O inion A ree
4 25 31

8. Camden County should review its land use controls to ensure that increasing
residential development will not have an adverse impact on agricultural land and
farming operations within the county.
Ed
9. Camden County educational facilities are adequate to handle the population
increase that will be ex erienced over the next ten years77d
10. Which Village Area do you foresee experiencing the most significant
development during the lannin period?
South Mills Shiloh Camd"11. In light of increased commercial development along the NC 158 corridor around
Camden, and the NC 343 corridor around South Mills, Camden County should
work to minimize continuous dense strip development in these areas.
Disagree No Opinion Agree
8
9
44
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree
34
15
6
South Mills
Shiloh
Camden
26
7
14
Disa ree
No Opinion
Agree
12
17
27

Appendix Ill
Forestry Best Management Practices
1. Properly design and place access roads, skid trails, and loading areas on forestland.
a. Avoid streambanks and channels except when crossing streams.
b. Install water management structures and techniques._
C. Stabilize bare soil areas.
d. Prevent steep slopes on. roads and trails.
2. Designate streamside management zones (SMZ)which are undisturbed strips ofvegetation
parallel and adjacent to the stream channels.
3. Avoid placing debris in stream channels (Stream Obstruction Law).
4. Use practices which minimize soil exposure when reforesting.
5. Use environmentally safe procedures when applying chemicals in forested areas.
6. Train forestry related personnel in nonpoint source pollution control methods.
Source: NC Division of Forest Resources.

Appendix IV
Agricultural Best Management Practices
1. Crop and Pasture Lands
A. BMPs for Sediment Control
Conservation Tillage System
Critical Area Planting
Diversion
Field Border
Filter Strip
Grade Stabilization Structure
Grassed Waterway
Rock -Lined Waterways or Outlets
Sediment Control Structure
Sod -Based Rotation
Striperopping
Terrace
Water Control Structure
Pastureland Conversion
B. BMPs for Nutrient Control
Legumes in Rotation
Soil Testing
Liming
Setting Realistic Crop Yield Goals (determines fertilization rates)
Fertilizer Waste Application (method, rate, and timing)
Sediment Control BMPs
C. BMPs for Pesticide Control
Alternative Pesticides
Optimize Pesticide Formulation, Amount, Placement, Timing, Frequency
Crop Rotation
Resistant Crop Varieties
Other Cultural or Biological Controls
Optimize Crop Planting Time
Plant Pest Quarantines
Proper Disposal of Obsolete Pesticides and Containers
Certification of Applicators
Sediment Control BMPs

Appendix IV Page 2
IL Animal Production (esp. Confined Animal Operations)
BMPs for Bacteria and Nutrient Control
Grade Stabilization and Nutrient Control
Heavy Use Area Protection
Livestock Exclusion
Spring Development
Stock Trails and Walkways
Trough and Tank
Waste Management System
Waste Storage Pond
Waste Storage Structure
Waste Treatment Lagoon
Land Application of Waste
Water Control Structure
Source: North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

Appendix V
Policy/Implementing Action
Definitions of Common Terms
1. Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to
implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as "shall," it is still an obligatory
course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted.
County staff and Planning Board involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
2. Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with
County staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation.
3. Encourage: Foster the desired goal through County policies. Could involve County
financial assistance.
4. Enhance: Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and County
staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support.
5. Identi :Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of County staff
and actions.
6. implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations.
7. Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of County
policies and staff. Financial assistance should be provided if needed.
8. Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate County policies, staff
actions, Planning Board actions, and County finances, if needed.
9. Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of County policies and Planning
Boards and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support.
10. Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of County
policies, staff, and, if needed, financial assistance.
11. Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the,needed financial and staff support to achieve
the desired goal. The County is typically involved in all aspects from planning to
implementation to maintenance.
12. Strengthen: Improve and reinforce the desired goal through the use of County policies,
staff, and, if necessary, financial assistance.
13. Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all levels to
achieve the desired goal.
14. Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of County staff, actions, and
policies to create the desired goal.

Appendix VI
TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT
STREET TYPES
FIGURE 1
♦W*Rwm 094t awry 40'
LANE
Purpose: Provides access to single-family homes.
Features Features
• Street width 18' with curb and gutter and • Generally two to six blocks long
informal parking designated on street
• Planting strips 6'
• Sidewalks F on each side Buildinq and Land Use
• Design speed 20 mph • Residential - primarily single family homes
• Posted speed 20 mph
• Requires a 40' right of way
• Drainage - curb and gutter
FIGURE 2
a
WAMwflow ar ry50•
STREET
Purpose: Provides access to housing
Features Features
• Street width 28' with curb and gutter and Generally two to six blocks long
informal parking
• Planting strips 6'
• Sidewalks 5' on each side Building and Land Use
• Design speed 20 mph Residential - many residential types
• Posted speed 20 mph
• Requires a 50' right of way
• Drainage - curb and gutter

Ilia
a' s•�« r -�_ f•J— it --L — fr 12'--1- 614- r —I- a'.�.. r »{
WAfi'M e0VWo/wayW' f
AVENUE WITH PARKING
Purpose: Avenues are short distance, medium speed connectors between neighborhoods and core areas. As
such, they are used in both residential and commercial areas, often terminating at prominent
buildings or plazas. Avenues may also circulate around squares or neighborhood parks.
Features Features.
• Street width 26' on both sides of median with on -street • Posted speed 25 - 30 mph
parking, 18' if no parking or curb and gutter
• Requires a 98' right of way
• Median width 18' (minimum) • Drainage - curb and gutter
• Travel lanes 12'
• Maximum 2 travel lanes Building and Land Use
• Bike lanes and planting strips 6' • Mixed residential and commercial use
• Sidewalks 8' on each side
• Design speed 30 mph (maximum)
FIGURE 4
di! IN
r -•� r�.— r �-- ir• -� tt• �- a• -.� r� s•
ragnr a •vr ar
MAIN STREET WITHOUT MEDIAN
Purpose: Main streets provide low -speed access to neighborhood, commercial, and high density residential areas
Features Features
• Travel lanes 11' with striped parking • Drainage - curb and gutter
• Maximum 2 travel lanes • Includes bulbouts at intersections and
• .Planting wells 6'-landscaped median optional
mid -block crossings
(minimum 18') • Bike lanes optional but preferred (minimum 6')
• Sidewalks minimum of 8' each side
Building and Land Use
• Design speed 25 mph (maximum) • Commercial and mixed use
• Posted speed 20 - 25 mph High density residential
• Requires a 66' right of way

f a ..Lr.L. a .1 a . L rr .L a a.L �o .o,• _.L t2 - 1 iv_L r«L. r _Lr.,L.. r•
ac•� oglw c4 w" 12r
BOULEVARD
Purpose: Provides multi -lane access to commercial and mixed -use buildings, and carries regional
traffic.
Features Features
• Lanes 11' with striped parking and bike lanes • Requires a 122' right of way
• Maximum 4 travel lanes 0 Drainage - curb and gutter
• Planting wells 6 -11'
• Sidewalks 8' on each side Building and Land Use
• Design speed 40 mph (maximum) Commercial and mixed use
• Posted speed 30 - 35 mph
FIGURE 6
ro • rr «�, r. so • G+ rs ..� . rr «�.--- w —.� . tr -.�.. rs ,.L �. io ..�» ro• rr�
ltAyAt o/ rsy i!d-1eY
PARKWAY
Purpose:
Parkways bring people into town, or pass traffic through natural areas. Parkways are not designed for
development. When the parkway enters town, it becomes a boulevard.
Features
Features
•
Travel lanes 11- 12'
• 6' minimum paved shoulder on high-
•
Median width 30'
speed parkway (greater than 45 mph:
typical section has shoulder with
•
Design speed 50 mph (maximum)
ditches)
•
Posted speed 45 mph (maximum)
•
Requires a 118' right of way (minimum)
Building and Land Use
•
Drainage - swales allowed, or curb and gutter
• Parkways are designed to be on the
edge of towns, nature preserves, or
•
Multi -use trails 10 -14'
agricultural areas
•
Planting strips 7 - 20'
• Multi -use trails may be on either or
both sides
•
Bike lane not adjacent to travel lane

Provided for informational use only
FIGURE 7
Riff of W*Y 30 -'W
TRAIL
Purpose: Provides non -motorized access throughout the neighborhood.
[Note: Not to be accepted onto the state system]
Features Building and Land Use
• Shade trees recommended . Link to make connections between homes,
• Trail width 10-14' parks, schools, and shopping districts
• Stopping sight distance 125'
• Clear zone 3--6'
Provided for informational use only
�� FIGURE 8
RV" of way So -Sr
Alleys
Purpose: Although part of the interconnected street system, alleys provide access to property but are not
intended to accommodate through traffic. Alleys are often used by garbage trucks. In some areas
alleys must accommodate dumpsters.
[Note: Not to be accepted onto the state system]
Features Building and Land Use
• Requires 20' right of way (minimum) • Residential - primarily single family
• Utilities, either above or underground, may . Provides rear access to garages
be located in alleyways to provide service
connections to rear elevations
• Width 12' (minimum)
• Additional pavement at alleyway
intersections is necessary to facilitate
turns.

Appendix V11
Camber Countp JBoarb of (9buxation
JOHN B. DUNN, Ed.D. 174 North 343 BOARD MEMBERS
Interim Superintendent Camden, North Carolina 27921-7549 G. Wayne White, Chair
Telephone [phone] • Fax [phone] Brian R. Lannon, Vice Chair
S. Clarence Jennings
David E. Meiggs
Chris M. Wilson
MEMO
To: Dan Porter
Planning Director
From: John B. Dunn ,J
Interim Superintendent
Date: September 9, 2004
RE: Long Range Facility Plans As Discussed
Attached you will find a copy of the schematic design for the intermediate school (grades
3-5), along with the estimate of development budget. This is the final phase in our long
range facility plan.
Please feel free to call me should any questions arise.
/jb
attachments

DRAFT
Camden County —Demographic and Enrollment Projections. (4 Scenarios)
Four scenarios projecting future'development in Camden County have been prepared. Each scenario projects population, housing, and
school enrollment out to 2010 and 2020. A summary of each development scenario is noted below.
❖ Scenario 1: Development Ceiling Based on North Carolina 2020 Population Projections Scenario 1 projects future
development based on the North Carolina State Data Center population projection for 2020, which indicates that the County's
2020 population will be approximately 9,500 residents in 2020. This population projection figure is used in the scenario to
constrain or limit growth during the 2004-2016 period to match the State's 2020 projection.
Since the 2020 population sets a ceiling for growth, Scenario 1 is the most conservative of the four scenarios. It assumes that
growth will be fairly strong in the near term, but will gradually taper off as the year 2020 approaches. The Scenario I -projects an
additional 504 housing units over the next 16 years, which is less than the 675 units that are proposed under the 14 subdivision
plans currently under consideration (or approved) by the County.
❖ Scenario 2: Linear Trend Extrapolation. Scenario 2 uses a least square analysis to "fit a line" that extrapolates a future growth
trend based on the building permit data from 2000 through 2004. This scenario assumes that the average number of dwelling
units constructed per year during the 2000 to 2004 period will continue out to the year.2020. Based on building permit data
from the County, there has been —on average-163 new housing units per year in the County since 2000.
This scenario projects 6,200 units in 2020 or over 2,500 additional units over the study period. The 675 units presently under
consideration would be absorbed before 2010.
❖ Scenario 3: Annual Growth Rate Projection. Scenario 3 projects the annual number of future residential units based on the
annual growth rate during the 2000 to 2004 period. During this time, the number of housing units in the County increased an
average of 5.5 percent per year. Applying this growth rate to the 2004 estimate, the scenario assumes an additional 199 units in
2005. This numerical figure.of 199 units was applied to future years arrive at the annual development projections.
This scenario projects 6,811 units in 2020 or over 3,000 additional units over the study period. The 675 units presently under
consideration would be absorbed in less than four years.

❖ Scenario 4: Exponential Growth Rate Projection. Scenario 4 assumes that the County's annual housing growth rate for the 2000
to 2004 period will continue out to 2020, resulting in an exponential increase in development due to the compounding annual
growth rate. Under this scenario, the number of housing units in the County will more than double to 8,030 units by 2020.
i
i

DRAFT
Housing Unit Projection Alternatives
a=-0.407241929 Camden County, North Carolina Five -Year Increments Avg Anl
b=-0.110215822 Annual Base 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2010 2015 2020 Increase
k= 4,137 Change Value
Equation (c) (d) Method
y=k/(1+(I0^(a+b*(x-x0))) 3,623 Density Ceiling*
y=((c*d)*x)+d 3,623 Linear Trend Extrap
5.5% 3,623 Linear**
y=d*((1+c)^x) 5.1% 3,623 Exponential***
projection years (x) => 2004-2020
1
6
11
16
3,727
4,013
4,101
4,127 31
3,750
4,567
5,383
6,200 161
3,822
4,819
5,815
6,811 199
3,808
4,883
6,262
8,030 275
Annual Increase=> 106 136 197 211
* Logistic curve based on actual increase from 2000 to 2004 and a housing capacity of 4,137 units.
This alternative approximates the population projections from the North Carolina State Demographic Unit.
** Simple growth rate alternative from 2000 to 2004.
*** Compounded growth rate based on 2000 to 2004 housing increase.
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
.. .-
3,000
...........
•ai♦a••a»i .
+.1.«....idiil•a. is l..a1 •.•11y♦ ♦..1••.a a... �••J
:.-..�.aJi..i. N1I..J H•I N.1:aa..♦•a.aia•a. •-•♦
2,000
>: NIII...IaIN..•LIi«.a i•Y...NL.-l•; a•JaNa•ii -
Exponential***
-
..
.a««aHNi.Mi.•1.1Ha.. ♦. N.. H: H.:.r a.J
.a•♦.H.H•.1Hai Hi••....••N•1H •..1•:a1:I•.J
.:
P
1,000
i4•.i•••i:.•.a••ai...1H•.i H.•N/.••I H.... a-1a
«»I.Ni.N..1.... •a..11 •... H..i.•/....••.i H.,
**
Linear
Hi.4...•IIi HIMa1iH1...H1N.r.N«.NH♦NJ
0
+sal..1...+i•.ai........i.ii.••..i..••• ..:<
a.i.+...•.................»....;....
_
Linear Trend Extrap
2000 `J.i..••...••.a�.. ••.
•. �.Ii...a •I •Isar
2005 J't1"
Density Ceiling*
2010
2015
2020

DRAFT 9-15-04
Scenario 1
Demographic & Enrollment Projections - Development Ceiling Based on North Carolina 2020 Population Projection)
Camden County, North Carolina
10 20 Avg.
•
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2M
Annual
Miirial DevelopaieritData
..
1 "
Change
Population Z
6,881
7,126
7,441
7,897
8,385
8,626
8,822
8,980
9,107
9,208
9,288
9,552
73
1lousing Units 123
2,973
3,079
3,215
3,412
3,623
3,727
3,811
3,880
3,935
3,978
4,013
4,127
31
Households ,
2,662
2,757
2,879
3,055
3,244
3,337
3,413
3,474
3,523
3,562
3,593
3,695
28
Res Vacancy Rate''
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
Persons Per I Iousehold
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.581
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
Annual Change in I lousing Units
106
136
197
211
104
85
68
55
44
34
3
Student
Generation
Rate 3
Public School Population
Metnentai'y Schools ,
SFD & MI1
0.22
All Others
0.09
Total
11�idtile Sc6oa1 .. _ .
...
SI-D & Mil
0.13
All Others
0.04
Total
Hrg}t,Schaol
SFD & MI
0.14
All Others
0.03
Total
Avg
Annual
Change
6
4
4
Grand Total (all grades) 1,287 1,333 1,392 1,477 1,5681 1,613 1,650 1,680 1,703 1,722 1,737 1,787 14
Annual Change in Enrollment 46 59 85 91 45 37 30 24 19 15 1
Actual Enrollment 1,287 1,277 1,358 1,418 1,548
Difference - Projected vs. Actual Enrollmi 0 56 34 59 20
Scenario 1 projections arc derived from fitting a logistic curve on the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building permit data) and a 2020 housing ceiling
of 4,137 units. This ceiling approximates the 2020 population of 9,574 residents that has been projected for Camden County by the Norh Carolina State Data Center.
Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data S'rF 3 Tables 31, 32, and 33.
3 Housing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data provided by Camden County.
4 Households calcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to 1 minus vacancy rate.
5 Student generation rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample for North Carolina PUMA 04800 and Virginia PUMA 03000.
School
Year
99-00
School
Year
00-01
School
Year
01-02
School
Year
02-03
School
Year
03-04
School
Year
04-05
School
Year
05-06
School
Year
06-07
School
Year
07-08
School
Year
08-09
School
Year
09-10
School
Year
19-20
583
603
630
669
710
730
747
760
771
780
786
809
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
589
610
637
676
718
738
755
769
780
788
795
818
336
348
364
386
410
421
431
439
445
450
454
467
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
1 4
339
351
367
389
413
425
435
442
449
454
458
471
:.
357
369
386
....
409
435
447
457
465
472
477
481
495
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
359
372
388
412
437
450
460
469
475
480
485
498

DRAFT 9-15-04
Scenario 2
Demographic & Enrollment Projections -
Linear Trend Extrapolation}
Camden County, North Carolina
'
Base Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
Avg.
2M
2M
2M
2M
2004
2005
24QSr
2441
200$
2451_9
2010
`Q Q
Annual
AnirualDev op
3 r r;
Change
Population 1'
6,881
7;126
7,441
7,897
8,385
8,680
9,058
9,436
9,814
10,192
10,570
14,349
373
}lousing Units t 3
2,973
3,079
3,215
3,412
3,623
3,750
3,914
4,077
4,240
4,404
4,567
6,200
161 '
Household.:
2,662
2,757
2,879
3,055
3,244
3,358
3,504
3,650
3,797
3,943
4,089
5,551
144
Res Vacancy Rate'-
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
Persons Per I louschold
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
Annual Change in Housing Units
106
136
197
211
127
163
163
163
163
163
163
Student
Generation
Rate s
Public School population
Elemeriiary,Scjitiols:
SFD & MI 1
0.22
All Others
0.09
Total
F
7ylyddlC SC11QQ'
.
SFD & MI
0.13
All Others
0.04
Total
High School ` . k,
SFD & MI
0.14
All Others
0.03
Total
Avg.
Annual
Change
32
18
19
Grand Total (all grades) 1,287 1,333 1,392 1,477 1,5681 1,623 1,694 1,765 1,836 1,906 1,9771 2,684 70
Annual Change in Enrollment 46 59 85 91 55 71 71 71 71 71 71
Actual Enrollment 1,287 1,277 1,358 1,418 1,548
Difference - Projected vs. Actual Hnrollmt 0 56 34 59 20
Scenario 2 projections are derived a linear trend extrapolation using a least squares calculation based on the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building
permit data).
Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data STF 3'1'ablcs 31, 32, and 33.
31 lousing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data proitided by Camden County.
4 Households calcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to 1 minus vacancy rate.
-'Student generation rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 5% Public Use Rlicrodata Sample for North Carolina PUNIA 04800 and Virginia PUMA 03000.
School School School School
Year Year Year Year
99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03
School
Year
03-04
School
Year
04-05
School
Year
05-06
School
Year
06-07
School
Year
07-08
School
Year
08-09
School
Year
09-10
School
Year
19-20
.v.
583 603 630 669
710
735
767
799
831
863
895
1,215
6 7 7 7
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
13
589 610 637 676
718
743
775
808
840
872
905
1,228
J
336 348 364 386
410
424
443
461
479
498
516
701
3 3 3 3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
339 351 367 389
413
428
446
465
483
502
521
707
4
357 369 386 409
435
450
469
489
509
528
548
744
2 3 3 3
3
1 3
3
3
3
4
4
5
359 372 388 412
437
453
473
492
512
532
551
749

LKAII I 9-15-U4
Scenario 3
Demographic & Enrollment Projections - 2000-2004 Annual
Growth Rate Projection t
Camden County, North Carolina
Base Year 1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
Avg
2Q44 2M 2QQ2
M
2Q0A
M
2M
2007
2000$
2009
2M
2UQ
Annual
AgritialDeyeJopmentDa'ta .> s
Change
Population 12
6,881 7,126 7,441
7,897
8,385
8,847
9,308
9,769
10,230
10,691
11,153
15,765
461
1 lousing Units t 2 3
2,973 3,079 3,215
3,412
3,623
3,822
4,022
4,221
4,420
4,619
4,819
6,811
i
199
Ilouscholds4
2,662 2,757 2,879
3,055
3,244
3,422
3,601
3,779
3,958
4,136
4,315
6,099
178
Res Vacancy ]Late -'
10.5% 10.5% 10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.5%
10.501u
10.5%
10.5%
10.5° 0
10.5%
10.5°'0
Persons Per I louschold 2
258 2.58 2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
Annual Change in I lousing Units
106 136
197
211
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
Student
Generation
Rate 5
Public School Population
'Elaiieritary`Schools , ,
SFD & hill
0.22
All Others
0.09
Total
Mtddle $drool,
SFD & MI 1
0.13
All Others
0.04
Total
SFD & Mll
0.14
All Others
0.03
Total
Grand Total (all grades)
Annual Change in Enrollment
Actual Enrollment
Difference - Projected vs. Actual Enrollmi
School School School
Year Year Year
99-00 00-01 01-02
School
Year
02-03
School
Year
03-04
School
Year
04-05
School
Year
05-06
School
Year
06-07
School
Year
07-08
School
Year
08-09
School
Year
09-10
School
Ycar
19-20
583 603 630
669
�710
749
788
827
866
905
944
1,335
6 7 7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
10
15
589 610 637
676
718
757
797
836
876
915
955
1,349
336 348 364
386
410
432
455
477
500
522
545
770
3 3 3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
7
339 351 367
389
413
436
459
481
504
527
549
777
r,
357 369 386
409
435
458
482
506
530
554
578
817
2 3 3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
6
Avg.
Annual
Change
39
23
359
372
388
412
437
1 462
486 510 534 558 5821
8221
24
1,287
1,333
1,392
1,477
1,5681
1,655
1,741 1,827 1,913 2,000 2,0861
2,949 86
46
59
85
91 86
86 86 86 86 86 86
1,287
1,277
1,358
1,418
1,548
0
56
34
59
20
t Scenario 3 projections apply the 5.5 percent growth rate experienced on the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building permit data).
2 Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data STF 3 Tables 31, 32, and 33.
3 I lousing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data provided by Camden County.
a Households calcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to 1 minus vacancy rate.
5 Student 1,encration rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample for North Carolina PUMA 04800 and Virginia PUM1IA 03000.

DRAFT 9-15-04
Scenario 4
Demographic & Enrollment Projections - 2000-2004 Exponential
Growth Rate
Projection
t
Camden County, North Carolina
Base Year
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
Avg.
2000
2M 2042
2M
2044
2045
200St
2442
204$
2002
2010
2020
Annual
AnirualDevelopaieaiData..
„ ' t
Change
Population"
6,881
7,126 7,441
7,897
8,385
8,813
9,263
9,735
10,231
10,753
11,302
18,585
637
housing Units 123
2,973
3,079 3,215
3,412
3,623
3,808
4,002
4,206
4,421
4,646
4,883
8,030
275
Household%
2,662
2,757 2,879
3,055
3,244
3,409
3,583
3,766
3,958
4,160
4,372
7,190
247
Res Vacancy Rate I
10.5%
10 5% 10.5%
10.50%
10.50'0
10.51.40
10.5016
10.50'6
10.5%
10.5%
10.501.
10.511a
Persons Per Household 2
1 2.58
2.58 2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
2.58
Annual Change in I lousing Units
106 136
197
211
185
194
204
215
225
237
390
Student
Generation
Rate s
Public School
-Population
Ekutcaiary School8
Y''� ...
SFD & MI
0.22
All Others
0.09
Total
;Middle School
i
SFD & hll1
0.13
All Others
0.04
Total
#sigh, hoof`
S1'-D & MI
0.14
All Others
0.03
Total
Avg.
Annual
Change
55
31
i
33
Grand Total (all grades) 1,287 1,333 1,392 1,477 1,568 1,648 1,732 1,821 1,914 2,011 2,1141 3,476 119
Annual Change in Enrollment 46 59 85 91 80 84 88 93 98 103 169
Actual I'-nrollmcttt 1,287 1,277 1,358 1,418 1,548
Difference - Projected vs. Actual 1?nrollm& 0 56 34 59 20
t Scenario 4 projections apply a compounded growth rate to the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building permit data).
2 Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data STF 3 Tables 31, 32, and 33.
3 Housing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data prodded by Camden County.
Households ealcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to 1 minus vacancy rate.
5 Student generation rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 5% Public Use hlicrodata Sample for North Carolina PUMA 04800 and Virginia PUNIA 03000.
School School School
Year Year Year
99-00 00-01 01-02
School
Year
02-03
School
Year
03-04
School
Year
04-05
School
Year
05-06
School
Year
06-07
School School
Year Year
07-08 08-09
School
Year
09-10
School
Year
19-20
-
583 603M 630
669-
710
746
784
824
866 910
957
1,573
6 7 7
7
8
8
9
9,
10 10
11
17
589 610 637
676
718
754
793
833
876 920
967
1,591
{431
.,a,.
336 348 364
386.
410
452
476
500 525
552
908
3 3 3
3
3
4
4
4
4 4
5
8
339 351 367
389
413
434
456
480
504 530
557
916
.. k3„ ,-..c.,F - ,.h.-a.13..:: , r
xM •'.r. .s k.... . i.'-
357 369 386
409
435
457
480
504
530 557
586
963
2 3 3
3
3
3
3
13
4 4
4
7
359 372 388
412
437
460
483
508
534 561
590
970