The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink AboutAdvanced Core CAMA Land Use Plan-2005 (2)DCM COPY PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE s .�� ire"`` ..+�^^`,;. �, s`� n -� �'` ter «Abc'w;g h�;✓k''aa+e"`*u*�.�..�, �-+w++a?a'e�?':'+�.+� E< '; �, ; $ � , = -� t } , .. _ � x ex Sp"� � .w-� i \ �':g W.e `r^ r k, '^vr.<4Hy -�t, m,c...�y,� .., ,,. -'@1+. _ _-- � .�- x`.''e�.'�,. v.+r£H nR.. h,..,V.;� •<^K!t�ei+.'�.5�.-h T�T..:'�kcA%! �Y+.,�c` .r`..?uh'i�'.:-+a> � � t' '� o �� _ . .c: _ ` fix' • '^ �i �' ;� �, �� . �,a�&-,'� x,< � - � - � ,f • i t � >. .4 _ _ A `� C -. b � � CAMDEN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN Adopted by the Camden County Board of Commissioners: April 4, 2005 Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: June 17, 2005 Prepared By: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. Wilmington, North Carolina with support from Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates, P.A. Nags Head, North Carolina The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. CAMDEN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN Adopted by the Camden County Board of Commissioners: April 4, 2005 Certified by the Coastal Resources Commission: June 17, 2005 Prepared By: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. Wilmington, North Carolina with support from Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates, P.A. Nags Head, North Carolina The preparation of this document was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided bythe Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. CAMDEN COUNTY ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE..................... ......................... .................i SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................. l SECTION 11. HISTORY........ .............................................. 2 SECTION 1I1. REGIONAL SETTING .............................................. 4 SECTION IV. CAMDEN COUNTY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS ...................... 6 A. KEYISSUES................................................... .....6 B. DOMINANT GROWTH -RELATED ISSUES .............. ......... ....... 7 C. CAMDEN COUNTY COMMUNITY VISION .................................... 8 SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS ................... 9 A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY ................................... 9 1. Camden County Permanent Population ............................... 9 a. Region R, North Carolina, and Camden County ................... 9 b. Camden County Population Profile ............ . ........... 11 C. Population Summary ...................................... 15 2. Housing ............................................ ......16 a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure .............................. 16 b. Structure Age ............................................ 17 C. Housing Conditions ....................................... 17 d. Single and Multi -Family Units ................................ 18 e. General Housing..........................................19 f. Housing Summary ........................................ 19 3. Employment and Economy ....................... .............. 20 a. Introduction (General Economic Indicators) ..................... 20 b. Household Income ........................................ 21 c. Employment by Industry ................................... 21 d. Earnings by Industry ....... .. .......................... 24 e. Employment Commuting Patterns ............................ 25 f. Industries ...................................... .......27 g. Employment and Economy Summary ........................... 28 4. Population Projections ........ ..... ...... ... ...... ....... 29 PAGE B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ........................... ......... .... 30 1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features ........... .......... ... 30 a. Topography/Geology ... .............. .... .. ......30 b. Climate ............. .............................. ..31 C. Flood Hazard Areas .......... .... ........ ........... 31 d. Man-made Hazards/Restrictions .............................. 37 e. Soils...................................................38 f. Water Supply ................. .........................42 g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern ............... 42 i. Estuarine Waters (AEC) ............................... 43 ii. Estuarine Shorelines (AEC) ............................ 43 iii. Public Trust Areas (AEC) ..... ....... ............. 43 iv. Coastal Wetlands (AEC) ............................... 44 v. Wetlands Defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act .... 44 vi. Slopes in Excess of 12% ............................... 47 vii. Excessive Erosion Areas ....... ............ ...... 47 viii. Natural Resource Fragile Areas ......................... 48 h. Areas of Resource Potential .......... ................... 52 i. Regionally Significant Public Parks ...................... 52 ii. Marinas and Mooring Fields ........... ....... ..... 52 iii. Floating Homes ..................................... 53 iv. Aquaculture ........ ........................ ....53 v. Channel Maintenance and Interstate Waterways ........... 53 vi. Marine Resources (Water Quality) ...................... 54 vii. Primary Nursery Areas and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation ... 57 2. Environmental Composite Map .................................... 58 3. Environmental Conditions ........................................ 61 a. Subbasin 03-01-50 ............... ............ .......... 62 b. Subbasin 03-01-54 ...................................... 64 C. Registered Animal Operations/Population Densities within Pasquotank River Basin ...................................... 65 d. Growth Trends ....................................... ..66 C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT ............................... 67 1. introduction .......................... .......................67 2. Land Use in Relation to Water Quality ............................... 67 a. Subbasin 03-01-50 .... ................ ................. 69 b. Subbasin 03-01-54 ............. . ...................... 71 3. Land Use ..................... .. .............. ........72 4. Historic and Archeological Sites ................................... 76 5. Community/Highway Corridor Areas ................................ 77 a. Introduction ............... ................... .......77 b. Existing Land Use Community/Highway Corridor Areas ............ 79 D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES .................... 85 1. Transportation.................................................85 - -ii- - PAGE 2. Health Care ............. ................. .......... ...85 3. Law Enforcement ... .......... ... ............. ......... 88 4. Fire/Rescue Services ............................................. 88 5. Administration .......... ...... ............................. 89 6. Water System ............ ........................ .......... 90 7. Sewage System ................................................. 93 8. Solid Waste ..... .... ........ ............................ 94 9. Schools .......... ............ ............ ...., ..95 10. Recreation .................................................96 11. Electric, Natural Gas, Telephone ...... . ........ ............... 97 a. Electric ........................ ............. ..... 97 b. Natural Gas..............................................97 C. Telephone..............................................97 d. Internet Service .......................................... 97 12. Storm Water Management ........................................ 97 a. Introduction ............................................. 97 b. Erosion and Sedimentation ................................. 98 C. EPA Regulations ........................................98 d. Construction Activities ..................................... 99 e. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering .......................... 100 f. Storm Water Management as Related to Camden County ......... 101 E EXISTING LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS ... ............ . ....... .... 104 F. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND REGULATIONS ............................ 108 1. Camden County Code..........................................109 2. North Carolina Building Code .. .............. ..... ... 110 3. Septic Tank Regulations ......................................... 112 4. National Flood Insurance Program .. ............................. 112 5. Review of the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan Update .............. 113 G. FUTURE DEMANDS ..... ................... ........... ..........118 1. Introduction..................................................118 2. Future Land Use Needs ......................................... 119 a. Housing Trends ................................... ....119 b. Commercial Land Use ..................................... 119 C. Industrial Land Use ........... . .......................... 121 d. Future Land Suitability .................................... 121 3. Future Infrastructure/Community Facilities Needs ..................... 125 a. Transportation..........................................125 b. Education ................ .. ........................127 C. Recreation ...........................................128 d. Water System ........................................... 128 e. Sewer System .................................. . ..... 128 f. Storm Drainage ................. ......................130 g. Solid Waste ............................................ 131 h. Law Enforcement ......................................... -iii- 132 PAGE i. Fire and Rescue Services , ........... ................ ... 132 j. Administrative Services .................................. 133 k. Community Facilities Deficiencies ... ................ . . 133 SECTION VI. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE .... .......... ........ ... ......... 134 A. LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS .............. 134 B. POLICIESAMPLEMENTING ACTIONS ............... ..................... 134 1. Introduction..... .............. ........... .............134 2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECs ................. 137 C. LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS .................................. 138 1. Introduction ... ................... ....... , , .... 138 2. impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics ........... 138 3. Public Access ................................................. 139 4. Land Use Compatibility ............ ...... .............. .. 141 5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity .................................. 149 6. Transportation............ .. .................. ......152 7. Natural Hazard Areas ............... ... . ....... . . .. 155 8. Water Quality ......... ....... ............................. 157 9. Local Areas of Concern ............ ........................ . 162 10. Schedule ........................................ ........169 D. FUTURE LAND USE COMMUNITY/HIGHWAY CORRIDOR AREAS ................ 170 E. FUTURE LAND USE MAPS .. ............ ............................ 177 1. Introduction..................................................177 2. Future Land Use Acreages .. ............ ..................... 178 3. Future Land Use Maps ........... ................ .......186 SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT ............................ 200 A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING ................................ 200 B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ..................................... 200 C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS ................................................. 200 D. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE.............................................201 1. Citizen Participation ........................................... 201 2. Action Plan/Schedule ................... ..... ........... . 202 E. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF LAND USE PLAN POLICIES .......................... 202 SECTION VIII. HAZARD MITIGATION, POST RECOVERY, AND EVACUATION PLANS ....... 210 A. INTRODUCTION ............................. .....................210 B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION . ......................................210 1. Hurricanes ... ....... ................. ........... .211 2. Thunderstorms and Tornadoes .................. ........ .... 213 -iv- 3. Flooding.... .................................... ....214 4. Nor'easters .................... ....... ............... 215 5. Severe Winter Storms ............ ........... ... ......... 216 6. Wildfire ..... ... ............................... .......217 7. Drought/Heat Waves ... .... ............... ... ........ 218 C. DEVELOPMENT VULNERABILITY ............. ......................... 220 1. Zoning and Existing Land Use ...................... ............ 220 2. Estuarine Shoreline AEC ................ ...................... 223 3. Non -AEC Areas .. . .. ...... ... ... ............. ..... 223 D. HAZARD MITIGATION POLICIES ........................................ 223 E. HURRICANE EVACUATION PLANNING ... ............. ................224 F. POST -DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN ............... .......................224 1. Introduction ..................................................225 2. Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team ..................... 225 3. Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements ................... 225 4. Organization of Recovery Operations .............................. 225 G. RECOMMENDED RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES ............................. 226 1. Bridge Re-entry Permits ......................................... 226 2. Permitting .... ........................ . .............227 3. Utility and Facility Reconstruction ........ ..................... . 228 4. Temporary Development Moratorium ...................... ...... 228 TABLES Table 1 Camden County, Region R, and North Carolina Total Population and Percentage Change, 1970-2003 ................................ 9 Table 2 Camden County Population Growth by Township ................ 10 Table 3 Camden County Racial Composition, 1970-2000 ................. 11 Table 4 Camden County and North Carolina Age Composition, 1990 and 2000 14 Table 5 Camden County and North Carolina Education Attainment, 2000 .... 15 Table 6 Camden County and North Carolina Housing Occupancy and Tenure, 1990 and 2000........................................... 16 Table 7 Camden County Housing Structure, 2000 ..... ........ ...... 17 Table 8 Camden County and North Carolina Housing Conditions ........... 18 Table 9 Camden County and North Carolina Units in Structure and Mobile Home Count, 2000 .. .... ........ .................... 18 Table 10 Camden County and North Carolina Summary of Economic Indicators 20 Table 11 Camden County Household Income, 2000 ............... 21 Table 12 Camden County Employment by Industry, 2000 .................. 22 Table 13 Camden County Agricultural Data ....... .... .............. 23 -v- PAGE Table 14 Camden County Earnings by Industry, 2000 ..................... 24 Table 15 Camden County Wages by Industry, 2000 ...................... 25 Table 16 Camden County Travel Times to Work ....... ...... ........ 26 Table 17 Camden County Travel Times - Commuter Destinations ........... 26 Table 18 Camden County Industries .............. .............. .. 27 Table 19 Region R Population Projections, 2000-2015 .................... 29 Table 20 Camden County Permanent and Peak Seasonal Population Forecast, 2000-2015 ............................................. 30 Table 21 Camden County Flood Hazard Areas ........................... 34 Table 22 Chesapeake & Albemarle Railroad Customers ............... :.... 37 Table 23 Camden County Soil Series Characteristics ..................... 40 Table 24 Camden County Wetlands .................................... 46 Table 25 Permitted Wetland Mitigation Activities by Subbasin and Year ...... 47 Table 26 Camden County Protected Lands Acreages ...................... 48 Table 27 Camden County Natural Heritage Areas ........................ 51 Table 28 NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications ........... 54 Table 29 Camden County Alphabetic List of Waterbodies .................. 55 Table 30 Camden County Environmental Composite Map Layers ............ 60 Table 31 Camden County and Subbasins Land Use Acreage by Class ......... 61 Table 32 Subbasin 03-01-50 Description ............................... 62 Table 33 Subbasin 03-01-54 Description ............. ... ......... 64 Table 34 Camden County Registered Animal Operations .................. 65 Table 35 Pasquotank River Basin Population, Densities, and Land Area Summaries for Camden County Subbasins ... ................. 66 Table 36 Camden County Total Acreage ........ .. ... ............ 72 Table 37 Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage .................................. 74 Table 38 Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage ........... ... ....... .. ... 74 Table 39 Camden County Building Permits, January 1999 to May 31, 2004 .... 75 Table 40 Community/Highway Corridor Study Areas Existing Land Use ....... 84 Table 41 Camden County Employees .................................. 89 Table 42 South Camden Water and Sewer District Water Usage Information ... 92 Table 43 South Mills Water Association Water Usage Information ........... 93 Table 44 Recycled Solid Waste Tonnage ............................... 95 Table 45 Camden County Schools .................................... 95 -vi- PAGE Table 46 Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table ......................... 106 Table 47 Camden County Acreage .... ........ ...... ............ 107 Table 48 Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage .................................. 108 Table 49 Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage .. .. .............. ......... 108 Table 50 Camden County Zoning Districts and Acreage ................... 109 Table 51 Camden County Commercial Districts . ... .... ............ 120 Table 52 Camden County Future Land Suitability ......................... 123 Table 53 Camden County NCDOT TIP Projects ....... . .......... ... 125 Table 54 Camden County and Study Areas Future Land Use Acreages ........ 179 Table 55 Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage .................................. 180 Table 56 Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage .................................. 180 Table 57 Camden County and Study Areas Existing vs. Future Land Use Acreages 181 Table 58 Camden County and Study Areas Acreage Forecast Based on Market Growth Demand .......................................... 184 Table 59 Camden County Policy Analysis Matrix — Land Use Plan Management Topics................................................... 203 Table 60 The Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale ............................. 213 Table 61 Hazard Identification and Analysis Summary .................... 218 Table 62 Camden County Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain ........... 221 Table 63 Camden County Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain-Zoning .... 221 Table 64 Camden County Storm Surge Inundation ....................... 222 MAPS Map 1 Camden County Regional Location Map ........................ 5 Map 2 Population Growth 1990 to 2000 North Carolina Counties ......... 13 Map 3 Camden County Flood Hazard Map ........................... 33 Map 4 Camden County Storm Surge ................................ 35 Map 5 Camden County Soil Types .................................. 39 Map 6 Camden County Wetlands ................................... 45 Map 7 Camden County Protected Lands ............................. 49 Map 8 Camden County Natural Heritage Areas ....... ........ ..... 50 Map 9 Camden County Location of Waterbodies ........ ............ 56 Map 10 Camden County Environmental Composite Map .................. 59 Map 11 General Map of the Pasquotank River Basin ..................... 63 -vii- PAGE Map 12 Camden County Land Use in Relation to Water Quality ............ 70 Map 13 Camden County Existing Land Use ............ ........ .... 73 Map 14 Camden County Historic Sites ............................... 78 Map 15 Camden County Land Use Plan Study Areas ..................... 80 Map 16 Camden County Land Use Plan Camden Community Existing Land Use 81 Map 17 Camden County Land Use Plan Shiloh Community Existing Land Use .. 82 Map 18 Camden County Land Use Plan South Mills Community Existing LandUse .......................................... 83 Map 19 Camden County - County, State, and Federal Facilities ............ 86 Map 20 Camden County Average Daily Traffic Count .................... 87 Map 21 Camden County Utilities ................. ...... ........ 91 Map 22 Camden County Areas of Storm Water Flooding ................. 102 Map 23 Camden County Existing Land Suitability Analysis Map ............ 105 Map 24 Camden County Zoning Map ....... .......................... 111 Map 25 Camden County Proposed Industrial Park and Landfill ............. 122 Map 26 Camden County Future Land Suitability Analysis Map ...`.......... 124 Map 27 Camden County NCDOT Transportation Improvement Program Proposed Projects.... ........ ........ ............ 126 Map 28 Camden County Future Infrastructure Map ...................... 129 Map 29 Camden County - Future Land Use ............................ 187 Map 30 South Mills Study Area - Future Land Use ..... ......... ..... 188 Map 31 Camden Study Area - Future Land Use ......................... 189 Map 32 Shiloh Study Area - Future Land Use ........................... 190 Map 33 Highway South 343 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use ......... 191 Map 34 Highway North 343 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use ......... 192 Map 35 Highway 17 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use ............... 193 Map 36 Highway 158 Corridor Study Area - Future Land Use ... ..... .. 194 Map 37 Camden County Minus Study Areas - Future Land Use ............. 195 GRAPHS Graph 1 Camden County Population by Township, 2000 .................. 10 Graph 2 Camden County Age Composition, 2000 .. ....... ........ 14 PAGE FIGURES Figure 1 Site Planning Techniques ................................... 173 Figure 2 Linked Parking Areas Behind Stores ........................... 174 Figure 3 Alternatives for Arranging Commercial Development .............. 174 Figure 4 County -Wide Zoning Regulations .............................. 175 Figure 5 Clustering of New Development .... .... ..... .... . 175 Figure 6 Examples of Connectivity within Developments .................. 176 Figure 7 Building on Sensitive Areas vs. Protecting Sensitive Areas .......... 176 Figure 8 Reducing Lots Sizes to Locate Homes on Better Soils ............. 177 APPENDICES Appendix I Camden County Citizen Participation Plan Appendix 11 Absentee Property Owner Survey Results Appendix 111 Forestry Best Management Practices Appendix IV Agricultural Best Management Practices Appendix V Policy/Implementing Action Definitions of Common Terms Appendix VI Traditional Neighborhood Development Street Types Appendix VII Board of Education Report CAMDEN COUNTY ADVANCED CORE CAMA LAND USE PLAN MATRIX OF REQUIRED ELEMENTS ELEMENT CAMA ADVANCED CORE LAND USE ELEMENT DISCUSSED (a) Organization of the Plan page i, ii, and 1 (b) Community Concerns and Aspirations (1) Significant Existing and Emerging Conditions page 7 (2) Key Issues page 6 (3) A Community Vision page 8 (c) Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions pages 9-15 (1) Population, Housing, and Economy (A) Population: (i) Permanent population growth trends using data from the two most recent decennial Censuses; (ii) Current permanent and seasonal population estimates; (iii) Key population characteristics; (iv) Age; and (v) Income (B) Housing Stock: pages 16-19 (i) Estimate of current housing stock, including permanent and seasonal units, tenure, and types of units (single-family, multi -family, and manufactured); and (ii) Building permits issued for single-family, multi -family, and manufactured homes since last plan update (C) Local Economy pages 20-28 (D) Projections page 29 (2) Natural Systems Analysis pages 30-57 (A) Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features (i) Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs); (ii) Soil characteristics, including limitations for septic tanks, erodibility, and other factors related to development; - (iii) Environmental Management Commission water quality classifications and related use support designations, and Division of Environmental Health shellfish growing areas and water quality conditions; (iv) Flood and other natural hazard areas; (v) Storm surge areas; (vi) Non -coastal wetlands including forested wetlands, shrub - scrub wetlands, and freshwater marshes; (vii) Water supply watersheds or wellhead protection areas; (viii) Primary nursery areas, where mapped; (ix) Environmentally fragile areas; and (x) Additional natural features or conditions identified by the local government. ELEMENT -XI- ELEMENT CAMA ADVANCED CORE LAND USE ELEMENT DISCUSSED (D) Projections of future land needs pages 118-133 (4) Analysis of Community Facilities (A) Public and Private Water Supply and Wastewater Systems pages 90-94 (B) Transportation Systems page 85 (C) Stormwater Systems pages 97-103 (D) Other Facilities pages 85-97 (5) Land Suitability Analysis pages 104-107 (A) Water quality; (B) Land Classes 1, 11, and Ill summary environmental analysis; (C) Proximity to existing developed areas and compatibility with existing land uses; (D) Potential impacts of development on areas and sites designated by local historic commission or the NC Department of Cultural Resources as historic, culturally significant, or scenic, (E) Land use and development requirements of local development regulations, CAMA Use Standards and other applicable state regulations, and applicable federal regulations; and , (F) , Availability of community facilities, including water, sewer, - stormwater, and transportation (6) Review of Current CAMA Land Use Plan pages 108-117 (A) Consistency of existing land use and development ordinances with current CAMA Land Use Plan policies; (B) Adoption of the land use plan's implementation measures by the governing body; and (C) Efficacy of current policies in creating desired land use patterns and protecting natural systems (d) Plan for the Future page 134 (1) Land Use and Development Goals: (A) Community concerns and aspirations identified at the beginning of the planning process; (B) Needs and opportunities identified in the analysis of existing and emerging conditions (2) Policies: pages 134-137 (A) Shall be consistent with the goals of the CAMA, shall address the CRC management topics for land use plans, and comply with all state and federal rules; (B) Shall contain a description of the type and extent of analysis completed to determine the impact of CAMA Land Use Plan policies on the management topics, a description of both positive and negative impacts of the land use plan policies on the management topics, and a description of the policies, methods, programs, and processes to mitigate any negative impacts on applicable management topics; (C) Shall contain a clear statement that the governing body either accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and development in AECs or, that the local government's policies exceed the requirements of state and federal agencies. ELEMENT PREFACE While the preparation of a comprehensive plan is required by the Coastal Area Management Act, there are broader and equally important reasons to engage in the planning process. Basically, planning begins with understanding your community and its people and learning how to care for them. Local government plans and planning affect people's lives. Tough choices must be made about the natural, manmade, and financial resources in the community. The county's budget should be compared to the plan to ensure that public money will be spent in accordance with the community's goals and objectives. The planning process also serves to educate us about ourselves, our attitudes towards others, and our willingness to share a sense of community. Planning is often promoted as a means of community decision -making through public participation. But planning also may involve conflict and friction because it may divide us into opposing groups. Some conflict in the planning process is good. It stimulates us to think and reminds us of the need to understand and tolerate, and even support, the opinions of others. A county should not undertake the preparation of a land use plan without understanding that a plan should be: 1. Comprehensive in setting goals and objectives for all aspects of the community. 2. Part of a continuous planning process that is timely and responsive to the needs and desires of the community. 3. The legal basis for land use regulations and a guide for a capital improvements plan for county budgeting. Once the plan is prepared, the county must realize that the plan is not the end of the process. The county must continuously work at accomplishing plan implementation and establishing an effective planning program. Camden County must view the preparation of this document as the first step in a continually evolving process. This plan is organized to adhere to the 15A NCAC 7B requirements. The matrix following the table of contents specifies howwhere compliance with 15A NCAC 7B is accomplished. The reader should review Section VII: Tools for Managing Development which begins on page 200. This is an Advanced Core Land Use Plan. The Core Plan and Advanced Core Plan are defined as follows: Core Plan: This plan addresses all of the plan elements in Rule .0702 of Section 7B (Elements of CAMA Core and Advanced Core Land Use Plans) in a complete and thorough manner. This type of plan is the standard CAMA Land Use Plan required for all 20 coastal counties. i Advanced Core Plan: The plan prepared by local governments that, due to consideration of specific local conditions, elect to exceed the core plan requirements in two or more areas. This plan also may be used to help meet the requirements of other planning programs, such as the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Phase II Stormwater requirements or hazard mitigation plans, that address the CAMA goals, or to address issues of local concern (i.e., location of a new industry or redevelopment after storm events). - This Advanced Core Land Use Plan exceeds the core plan requirements by including the following: • Hazard Mitigation Plan and Post -Storm Recovery Plan. Future Land Suitability Analysis Map. • Stormwater Management Analysis including EPA regulations. • Numerous maps exceeding Core Plan requirements. • Village area and corridor studies and plans. • Resource Conservation Management Action Plan/Policies for the non -village corridor areas. The reader should not attempt to understand the plan by reading only several sections of the document. All sections of the plan are inter -related. However, significant sections of the plan include the following: • Analysis of Existing and Emerging Conditions, page 9. • Analysis of Land Use and Development, page 67. Existing Land Suitability Analysis, page 104. • Future Land Suitability Analysis, page 121. • Plan for the Future, page 134. • Tools for Managing Development, page 200. SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION This Fiscal Year 2002/2003 - 2003/2004 Advanced Core CAMA Land Use Plan is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). Specifically, this document complies with Subchapter 15A NCAC 713, "CAMA Land Use Planning Requirements," of the North Carolina Administrative Code, as amended, August 1, 2002. The 7B guidelines provide that each of the twenty coastal counties prepare and adopt a CAMA Land Use Plan that meets the planning requirements adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC). If a county chooses not to prepare a plan, the guidelines specify that the CRC will prepare and adopt a CAMA Land Use Plan for that county. In general, 7B requires that a plan include community concerns and aspirations (Section IV, page 6), analysis of existing and emerging conditions (Section V, page 9), a plan for the future including specific land use/development goals/policies (Section VI, page 134), and tools for managing development (Section VI1, page 200). The management tools must specify the actions which Camden County will take to ensure implementation of this plan. The organization of this plan follows the 15A NCAC 7B requirements for preparation of a CAMA Land Use Plan. The matrix provided on page -x- summarizes those requirements. The table of contents of this plan, along with the matrix, reflects the organization of the 7B requirements. At the beginning of the preparation of this document, Camden. County adopted a Citizen Participation Plan which is intended to ensure that all interested citizens have an opportunity to participate in the development of this plan through both oral and written comments. A copy of the Citizen Participation Plan is included as Appendix I. Following adoption of the plan by the Camden County Board of Commissioners, it was submitted to the CRC for certification. Certification of the plan was achieved on June 17, 2005. SEL-f1UN IL HIS -I UKY Camden was settled around 1650 or perhaps even earlier, the first residents drifting down from Virginia and establishing themselves on both sides of the Pasquotank River. The first major settlements developed around four creeks — Raymond's, Sawyer's, Areneuse, and Joy's. Dense undergrowth and swampy bottomlands made passable roads impossible; therefore, travel was mainly accomplished through the waterways. When Camden County was still part of Pasquotank County, a ferry was used to cross the Pasquotank River. During the Revolutionary Period, a charter was granted to Lemuel Sawyer, Jr., to operate a ferry from a point near Camden Courthouse, where the river was only about 200 yards wide. This ferry continued to operate until around 1911, when a bridge was constructed across the river. Since some of the early settlers came from localities in England where watermills were in operation, this method of grinding grain was attempted here. Because the streams were sluggish, the mills were not very efficient. Much more satisfactory were the windmills located on bluffs .along the banks of the broad Pasquotank River. During the Revolution, Camden County furnished more soldiers to the cause of freedom than any other northeastern county-416 officers and men. Brigadier -General Isaac Gregorywas wounded and his horse shot from under him at the battle of Camden in South Carolina. His services to his state did not end with the war. He was elected once to the House of Commons and re-elected successively to the State Senate for the next eight years. At the beginning of the war, the task of organizing and assembling troops of the continental army in eastern North Carolina was assigned to Colonel Gideon Lamb, who also saw much active service around Brandywine and Germantown. His son, Abner, a lieutenant, was wounded at the battle of Eutaw Springs. Colonel Selby Harney served gallantly throughout the war and was severelywounded at the siege of Charleston. Captain John Forbes, leading a company of Camden men, was killed at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in 1781. Other distinguished men ofthis period were Colonel Peter Dauge, Joseph Jones, Colonel Dempsey Burgess, and the Reverend Henry Abbott. Colonel Dauge performed valuable service in assembling supplies for the colonial troops. Jones, Abbott, and Burgess were influential figures in the state legislature during the Revolution. Colonel Burgess and his brother-in-law, Lemuel Sawyer, have the distinction of being the only Camden natives serving as representatives in the US Congress. Colonel Burgess is also remembered locally because he donated the site on which historic Shiloh Baptist Church now stands. 2 On May 9, 1777, Camden County became a separate county from Pasquotank County and was named in honor of Sir Charles Pratt, first Earl of Camden, England, as a token of gratitude because of his vigorous defense of the colonists in their complaints against the mother country. The new county was too busy with the Revolution to build a courthouse until 1782. In 1790, General Gregorywas appointed by President George Washington to be the first collector of customs for the Port of Camden or "Plank Bridge." This port of entry was on Sawyer's Creek in the Camden communityand was a port of considerable maritime activity, bringing commercial benefits to the entire community. Joseph Jones made an attempt to establish a town here called Jonesboro. Wharves and warehouses dotted the banks of the creek to Murden's Landing on the Pasquotank River. However, due to the shallow creek and ships of heavier tonnage being built, the once flourishing trade vanished. The port of entry was moved to Elizabeth City in 1830. The Dismal Swamp Canal was built in the northern end of the county between the years 1793 and 1805. Dirt removed for the Canal was thrown up to form a bed for a toll road which quickly became the route for a stagecoach line between Norfolk and Elizabeth City. Highway 17, the original Ocean Hiway, now utilizes this roadbed. Building ofthe Canal brought economic benefits to Camden and South Mills, where mills were erected at one of the locks. Seven men in Camden invested in the Canal Company, buying a total of twelve shares. On April 19,1862, a Civil War battle called the Battle of Sawyer's Lane, also known as the Battle of South Mills, was fought near South Mills. Here, Confederate troops fought Union_troops attempting to blowup the Dismal Swamp Canal locks. After a brisk battle, the Federal troops withdrew. 3 SECTION III. REGIONAL SETTING Camden County is located on the northern edge of the North Carolina Coastal Plain adjacent to the North Carolina - Virginia state line in northeast North Carolina. The county is bounded by Pasquotank and Currituck counties, the Pasquotank and North Rivers, the Albemarle Sound, and Virginia. Map 1 depicts the regional location. Camden County's location is a key asset for its future economic development. The county is located immediately south of the Chesapeake, Virginia metropolitan area. Downtown Norfolk is only 33 miles from South Mills, 45 miles from Camden, and 52 miles from Shiloh. US 17 is the county's main connection north to the Chesapeake area. US 158 is the main east -west connection through the county. This route leads directly to the North Carolina Outer Banks which are located by road approximately 40 miles east of the county's eastern boundary. However, in a straight line, the Outer Banks lie 20 miles directly east of Camden County. Elizabeth City (2000 population—17,218) is located immediately west of Camden County. US 17 provides excellent four -lane highway access as far west as Chowan County. 4 Virginia State Line life] to Well IsIVA Ca Regior The preparation o grant provided by Program, through Management Ac administered by th Management, N Administration. Atlantic Ocean SECTION IV. CAMDEN COUNTY CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS A. KEY ISSUES In compliance with the 15A NCAC 713 requirements and the county's Citizen Participation Plan (see Appendix 1), Camden County conducted a county -wide meeting on February 27, 2003, to identify issues which are important to the future of the county. The meeting was advertised in The Daily Advance, Elizabeth City, North Carolina on February 15, 2003. In addition, letters were directly mailed to individuals and organizations requesting attendance at the meeting. This meeting was instrumental to the development of this plan, providing a foundation for the development of the document. The following list of key issues is the result of comments received at the February 27, 2003, meeting and actual ranking of the identified issues by those in attendance. KEY ISSUES Number Concerned 32 Improve Infrastructure ► Reverse osmosis water treatment plant and waterline project .......... 3 ► Development of infrastructure and other needed facilities including the South Mills and Camden Village sewer systems. ......... 4 ► Water and Sewer future plans for expansion. ..................... 4 ► How far is natural gas going to extend . .......................... 2 ► Focus sewer on core business areas. ...... .......... ......... 9 ► Natural Gas in core business areas . ................. .......... 4 ► Develop more infrastructure along business corridor ................. 6 Growth ► Implementation of the county's growth management plan (water & sewer) 5 ► Control/restrict growth. . ................... .... ........ 16 ► Control of conflicting land uses along the US 17, US 158 and NC 343 highway corridors. .. ........ .............. ... 4 Better opportunities in education. Subdivisions ► More restrictions on land available for subdivisions/mobile home parks.. 11 ► More open space for subdivisions . ............................... 4 Expansion of Parks and Recreation Impact fees. Expand major highways. Select Industry Development (light manufacturing, golf course). Keep farming areas and developments apart. More public access to water. 6 25 18 15 11 11 11 11 10 10 Number KEY ISSUES Concerned (continued) • More focus on economic development for Camden County. 8 • What direction are we heading in regarding the development of properties on borderline septic systems. 7 • Retirement facilities. - 7 • Business geared toward recreation. 6 • Preservation and protection of the Dismal Swamp. 4 • Storm water management, 4 • Focus on working relationships with neighboring counties. 4 • Assessment of water quality and the relationship of land use to water quality. 3 • When will we start to develop commercial properties. 3' • Affordable housing. 3 • Prime Residential (area) Community. 3 • State of Virginia's Highway 17 widening through the Dismal Swamp. 2 • Expansion of development from the Norfolk/Chesapeake urban area. 2 • Shoreline public access needs. 2 Surveys were mailed out to 408 absentee property owners. A total of 62 completed questionnaires were received. Results of the responses to the in -county meeting and absentee property owners were very similar. See Appendix II for a comparison of these results as well as the tabulation of additional questions from the absentee property owners survey. B. DOMINANT GROWTH -RELATED ISSUES Camden County's dominant growth -related issues focus on the following: • Improving infrastructure. • Controlling growth, especially in northern Camden County from Chesapeake, Virginia expansion and along the US 17 corridor. • Control of growth along the US 158 and NC 343 corridors. • Better opportunities in education. 7 C. CAMDEN COUNTY COMMUNITY VISION Camden County will be an area of controlled growth designed to maintain its rural and cultural heritage. The County will provide improved infrastructure, quality subdivisions, and expanded recreational opportunities. The county will selectively pursue economic and industrial development, focusing on light industries. Village areas including South Mills, Camden, and Shiloh will be improved and protected. Future development will have as its foundation the preservation of Camden County's quality of life, including its natural resources. Camden County will maintain a quality school system with no overcrowding of schools. s SECTION V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND EMERGING CONDITIONS A. POPULATION, HOUSING, AND ECONOMY 1. Camden County Permanent Population a. Region R, North Carolina, and Camden County North Carolina is divided into 18 regions based on locale for the purpose of coordinating planning efforts between neighboring counties. These designated regions are considered the Council of Governments. Camden County is in Region R along with Chowan, Currituck, Dare, Gates, Hyde, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington counties. It is useful to compare the growth of Camden County to the other counties within Region R due to their geographic proximity. Table 1 provides a summary of population change and population growth percentages for Region R counties and North Carolina. According to the 2000 US Census, Camden County was one of the three least populated counties in the region. Table 1 Camden County, Region R, and North Carolina Total Population and Percentage Change, 1970-2003 Total Population Population % Change County 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003 '70= 80 '80-'90 '90-'00 '00-'03 Overall Estimate Camden 5,453 5,829 5,904 6,885 7,754 6.9% 1.3% 16.6% 12.6% 42.2% Chowan 10,764 12,558 13,506 14,526 14,410 16.7% 7.5% 7.6% -0.8% 33.9% Currituck 6,977 11,089 13,736 18,190 20,612 58.9% 23.9% 32.4% 13.3% 195.4% Dare 6,996 13,377 22,746 29,967 33,216 91.2% 70.0% 31.7% 10.8% 374.8% Gates 8,525 8,875 9,305 10,516 10,786 4.1% 4.8% 13.0% 2.6% 26.5% Hyde 5,570 5,873 5,411 5,826 5,758 5.4% -7.9% 7.7% -1.2% 3.49.5 Pasquotank 26,824 28,462 31,298 34,897 36,385 6.1 % 10.0% 11.5% 4.3% Perquimans 8,352 9,486 10,447 11,368 11,713 13.6% 10.1 % 8.8% 3.0% 40.2% Tyrrell 3,806 3,975 3,856 4,149 4,210 4.4% -3.0% 7.6% 1.5% 10.6% Washington 14,039 14,801 13,997 13,723 13,479 5.4% -5.4% -2.0% -1.8% -4.0% Region R 97,306 114,325 130,206 150,047 158,323 17.5% 13.9% 15.2% 5.5% 62.7% North Carolina 5,084,442 5,880,095 6,632,448 8,049,313 8,417,255 15.6% 12.8% 21.4% 4.8% 65.5% Source: US Census Bureau. 9 From 1970 to 2000, the county's population increased by 26.3% from 5,453 to 6,885. By comparison, the Region R total population increased by 54.2% while the total state population increased by 58.3%. Within three exceptions, all Region R counties had higher rates of growth. Table 2 provides a summary of population growth by township from 1970 to 2000. The Courthouse Township has been the fastest growing township with a 1990 to 2000 increase of 24.2%. However, the county's population is fairly evenly distributed among the three townships. It is expected that in the next five to ten years the rate of growth of the South Mills Township population will accelerate. Graph 1 provides a visual representation of the 2000 population distribution by township. Table 2 Camden County Population Growth by Township Township 1970 1980 1990 2000 2000 % of Total '90= 00 Growth Courthouse 1,848 2,046 2,115 2,626 38.1% 24.2% Shiloh 1,676 1,717 1,731 1,941 28.2% 12.1 South Mills 1,929 2,066 2,087 2,318 33.7% 11.1% Camden County 5,453 5,829 5,933 6,885 100.0% 16.0% NOTE: 2003 data is not available. Source: US Census Bureau. Graph 1 Camden County Population by Township, 2000 3z M% 28% 9 Courthouse ED Shiloh El South Mills 10 Much of Camden County's population growth during the 1990s has been the result of net in -migration. Map 2 summarizes North Carolina Population Growth from 1990 to 2000. Camden County is described as experiencing modest growth with net in -migration. In 2003, the North Carolina Office of State Planning estimated the county's net migration at +12.2%. b. Camden County Population Profile Table 3 provides a summary of the Camden County and North Carolina populations by racial composition from 1970 to 2000. In contrast to North Carolina's total population and the majority of eastern North Carolina counties, Camden County's white population has increased while its black population has declined. From 1970 to 2000, the white population as a percentage of the county's total population increased from 62.8%to 80.6%. By comparison, North Carolina's white population as a percent of the state's total population declined from 76.8% to 72.1%. From 1970 to 2000, the Camden County black population as a percentage of total population significantly declined from 37.0%to 17.3%. There are no significant non -white or non - black racial groups in Camden County. Table 3 also indicates that the county's male/female population is almost evenly split with 49.6% male and 50.4% female. Table 3 Camden County Racial Composition, 1970-2000 Camden County North Carolina Total Percentage Total Percentage 1970 Population' 5,453 100.0% 5,082,059 100.0% White 3,426 62.8% 3,901,767 76.8% Black 2,019 37.0 % 1,126,478 22.2 % Other 8 0.2% 53,814 1.0% 1980 Population* 5,829 100.004 5,881,766 100.0% White 3,938 67.5% 4,460,570 75.8 % Black 1,876 32.2% 1,319,054 22.4% Other 15 0.3 % 102,142 1.8% 1990 Population" 5,904 100.0% 6,628,637 100.0% White 4,388 74.3% 5,011,248 75.6 % Black 1,481 25.0% 1,455,340 22.0% Asian or Pacific Islander 9 0.2 % 50,395 0.8 % American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut 21 0.4% 82,606 1.2% Other 5 0.1% 29,048 0.4% (continued on next page) Table 3 (continued) Camden County North Carolina Total Percentage Total Percentage 2000 Population*'' 6,885 100.0% 8,049,313 100.0% White 5,551 80.6 % 5,804,656 72.1% Black or African American 1,189 17.3% 1,737,545 21.6% Asian or Pacific Islander 41 0.6 % 117,672 1.5% American Indian and Alaska Native 29 0.0/o 99,551 1.2% Some Other Race 9 0.1% 186,629 2.3% Two or More Races 66 1.0% 103,260 1.3% Hispanic or Latino (of any race)""" 49 0.7% 378,963 4.7% Male 3,414 49.6% 3,942,695 49.0% Female 3,471 50.4% 4,106,618 51.0% 'Racial breakdown available for the 1970 and 1980 Census. "Racial breakdown available for the 1990 Census. 'Racial breakdown available for the 2000 Census. 'in the 2000 Census, the Hispanic race was not considered an ethnic group. However, this is the number of individuals who reported being of Hispanic origin. NOTE: 2003 data is not available. Source: 2000 US Census. Table 4 provides a summary of Camden County's 1990 and 2000 population by age distribution. From 1990 to 2000, the county's median age increased from 35.2 to 39.1. However, the percent of total population 65 years old or older decreased slightly from 14.1% in 1990 to 13.5% in 2000. The increase in the median age is primarily the result of an increase in the 35 to 64 year old population. A continuation of net in -migration may slow the rate of increase in the age of the population. In both 1990 and 2000, the county's median age was higher than the median age for the entire state of North Carolina. Graph 2 provides a summary of the county's 2000 population age distribution. Clearly, the largest age group was the 35 to 54 year old age group. 12 ' Map 2 Population Growth 1990 to 2000 North Carolina Counties Population Change Net Migration High Growth, High Net In -Migration Modest Growth, Net In -Migration ® Low Growth, Net In -Migration Low Growth, Net Out -Migration Population Loss, Net Out -Migration Extreme Natural Iner., Net Out -Migration Camden County Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning (2000). N S The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Table 4 Camden County and North Carolina Age Composition, 1990 and 2000 Camden County North Carolina 1990 1990 % 2000 2000 % 1990 1990 % 2000 2000 % Total of Total Total of Total Total of Total Total of Total 0 to 14 years 1,176 19.9% 1,398 20.3% 1,335,416 20.1 % 1,653,429 20.5% 15 to 34 years 1,708 28.9% 1,559 22.7 % 2,195,661 33.1% 2,330,854 29.0% 35 to 54 years 1,561 26.4% 2,217 32.2% . 1,706,316 25.7% 2,372,270 29.5% 55 to 64 years 630 10.7% 778 11.3% 586,903 8.9% 723,712 9.0% 65 to 74 years 517 8.8% 551 8.0% 483,105 7.3% 533,777 6.6% 75 and over 312 5.3% 382 5.5% 321,236 4.9% 435,271 5.4% Total population 5,904 100.0% 6,885 100.0% 6,628,637 8,049,313 100.0% Median age 35.2 39.1 31.3 35.3 Source: 2000 US Census. Graph 2 Camden County Age Composition, 2000 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0%- ".71 0to14 15to34 35to54 55to64 65to74 75and years years years years years over Age Range Source: 2000 US Census. 14 Camden County compares favorably with North Carolina for those individuals having graduated from high school and those having received at least some partial college education or Associate degree. Table 5 provides a summary ofthe county's 2000 educational attainment based on persons 25 years old or older. The county lags behind the state in the percent of its population which has received a Bachelor's degree or Graduate/Professional degrees. Table 5 Camden County and North Carolina Education Attainment, 2000 Based on Persons 25 Years Old or Older Camden County North Carolina n. 1 VI.PI lU VI 1 Vlal 1 Vt.al /0 VI 1 Vltll Less than 9`h grade 297 6.2% 413,495 7.8% Ninth to twelfth grade, no diploma 559 11.7% 741,229 14.0% High school graduate 1,621 34.0% 1,502,978 28.4% Some college, no degree 1,144 24.0% 1,080,504 Associate degree 376 7.9% 358,075 6.8% Bachelor's degree 522 10.9% 808,070 15.3% Graduate/Professional degree 251 5.3% 378,643 7.2% Total population 25 years and over 4,770 100.0% 5,282,994 100.0% Source: 2000 US Census. C. Population Summary The following provides a summary of the significant demographic factors: • From 1970 to 2000, Camden County's population increased by 26.3, one of the four lowest rates of growth in Region R. Currently, the county's population is almost evenly distributed amongst the county's three townships. • The county has experienced net in -migration. • From 1970 to 2000, Camden County's minority population has declined. 15 • The county's male/female population is almost evenly divided. • From 1970 to 2000, the median age of the county's population increased. • Through high school and Associate degree level, the county ranks ahead of the state in educational attainment. However, for Bachelor's and Professional degree attainment, the county ranks behind the state. • The population trends estimated through 2003 are expected to continue through 2004. 2. Housing a. Housing Occupancy and Tenure According to the 2000 Census, Camden County contains a total of 2,973 dwelling units, an increase of 507 units over the 1990 Census. Approximately 10.5% of these units are vacant, which is in line with the state average. Out of the 89.5%that are occupied, 74.6 % are owner - occupied and 14.9% are rental properties. The percentage of owner -occupied housing in the county is significantly higher than the state average. From 1999 to 2003, a total of 762 residential building permits were issued. All permits did not necessarily result in occupancy of housing units. The building permit data is summarized on page 75. Table 6 provides a summary of housing occupancy and tenure. Seasonal housing/population is discussed on page 30. Table 6 Camden County and North Carolina Housing Occupancy and Tenure, 1990 and 2000 Camden County North Carolina 1990 2000 2000 Total % of Total Total % of Total % of Total Total Housing Units 2,466 100.0% 2,973 100.0% 100.0% Vacant 286 11.6% 311 10.5% 11.1% Occupied: 2,180 88.4% 2,662 89.5% 88.9% Owner -Occupied'" 1,764 71.5% 2,219 74.6% 61.6% Renter -Occupied* 416 16.9% 443 14.9% 27.3% Mean Monthly Housing Cost: With a Mortgage $995 $1,121 - Without a Mortgage $252 $ 282 *Indicates breakdown of occupied household types. Source: US Census Bureau. 16 b. Structure Age Table 7 indicates that in 2000, the median age of structures in Camden County was 18. In addition, approximately 44% of the county's structures were built prior to 1970. Based on the table below, residential development has remained steady in the county. Approximately 27% of the residential structures in the county have been built since 1990. Table 7 Camden County Housing Structure, 2000 Number of Year Structures % of Total - 1999 to March, 2000 165 5.5% 1995 to 1998 363 12.2% 1990 to 1994 284 9.6% 1980 to 1989 407 13.7% 1970 to 1979 459 15.4% 1960 to 1969 377 12.7% 1940 to 1959 562 18.9% 1939 or earlier 356 12.0% Total Structures 2,973 100.0% Median Year Structure Built 1974 Source: US Census Bureau. C. Housing Conditions , Table 8 provides a summary of existing household size, as well as the percentage of units lacking general household needs. The statistics in this table provide a good summary of the condition of the county's housing stock. Homes in Camden County are significantly larger than the state overall. The percentage of homes in the county with 3+ bedrooms is 73.6%, compared to 60.8%for the state overall. The percent of homes lacking complete kitchen facilities is slightly lower than state averages, while the percentage of homes lacking complete plumbing facilities is slightly higher than the state average. 17 Table 8 Camden County and North Carolina, _ Housing Conditions Camden County North Carolina Average Rooms Per Unit 6.1 5.5 Percent with no bedroom 0.9% 1.1% Percent with 3+ bedrooms 73.6% 60.8% Percent lacking complete kitchen facilities 0.6% 1.1% Percent lacking complete plumbing 1.8% 1.1% Percent occupied with telephones 86.7% 86.2% Source: US Census Bureau. d. Single and Multi -Family Units . Table 9 provides the number of single-family housing units versus multi -family units and the number of mobile homes in Camden County. Camden County has a substantially greater amount of single -unit detached housing (80.39/o) than the state average (64.4%), while the percentage of multi -family housing is much lower than the state. The percentage of residential structures in the county comprised of mobile homes is comparable to the state average. Table 9 Camden County and North Carolina Units in Structure and Mobile Home Count, 2000 Camden County North Carolina Units in Structure Total % of Total % of Total 1-unit, detached 2,386 80.3% 1-unit, attached 15 0.5% 2 units 12 0.4% 3 or 4 units 8 0.3% 5to9units 24 0.8% 10 to 19 units 10 0.3% 20 units or more 0 0.0% Mobile home 499 16.8% Boat, RV, van, etc. 19 0.6% Total 2,973 100.0% Source: US Census Bureau. 18 64.4% 3.0% 2.5% 3.2% 4.3% 3.2% 2.9% 16.4% 0.2% 100.0% e. General Housing Camden County has participated in several housing rehabilitation programs overtheyears. The most recent funding came in the form of a CDBG Scattered Site Housing Program. In this project, ten homes will be treated at a cost of $29,999 apiece. Other recent projects undertaken by the countywere an Infrastructure and Housing rehabilitation project to address the Bloodfield area, and treatment following Hurricane Floyd. The Bloodfield area project served fifty properties, and also involved the widening of several roads to accommodate infrastructure upgrades. Subsequent to Hurricane Floyd, seven properties were acquired by the county through the state's HMGP Buyout Program, and several other properties were repaired through the Repair and Rehabilitation Grant Program. f. Housing Summary • According to the 2000 US Census, Camden County contains a total of 2,973 dwelling units, of which approximately 10.5% are vacant. Out of the 89.5% occupied units, 74.6% are owner -occupied and 14.9% are rental properties. • The median age of all residential structures in the county is 18 years, while approximately 44% of all housing units were built prior to 1970. • The percentage of homes in Camden County with 3+ bedrooms is 73.6%, compared to 60.8 % for the state overall. • Camden County has a substantially greater amount of single -unit detached housing (80.3%) than the state average (64.4%). • The percentage of mobile homes in the county is comparable to the state average. • The building permit activity shown through 2003 is expected to continue in 2004, and maintain at least 100 to 150 additional residential permits per year. 19 3. Employment and Economy a. Introduction (General Economic Indicators) Camden County ranks in the lower percentile of NC counties in nearly all economic categories. This can mainly be attributed to the size and rural nature of the county. These two factors attribute to a smaller population size, 97th out of 100 North Carolina counties, and in turn limited industrial development. Table 10 provides a summary of economic indicators for Camden County and the State of North Carolina. Due to the lack of available data, the figures provided in Table 10 are from several different years. Camden County ranks in the lower 50th percentile in all three key economic indicators at the state level: gross retail sales, per capita income, and average annual wage. The unemployment rate for the county is significantly lower than the state overall. The poverty rate is slightly lower than the state, while the percentage of persons in the workforce. is comparable to the state level. Table 10 Camden County and North Carolina Summary of Economic Indicators Year Camden County NC Rank Gross Retail Sales (per capita) FY00-01 $27,647,667 99 Per Capita Income 1999 $21,115 61 Average Annual Wage 2000 $21,408 63 Camden County North Carolina Unemployment Rate 2000 Annual 2.5% ' Unemployment Rate November 2002 2.8% 5.5V % of Population in Labor Force 2000 49.2% 49.4% Active Job Applicants 2001 336 Poverty Rate 2000 10.1% 12.3 % *North Carolina comparison is not applicable. "State unemployment rate is for 2001. Source: NC Department of Commerce. 20 6. Household Income Household Income is an effective way to evaluate the overall wealth of an area. Table 11 provides the number of individuals within varying income brackets, and how these figures compare to state percentages. Camden County's household incomes are very similar to state percentages. The number of low-income households is lower than many rural counties in the state, with 66% of households making over $35,000. Table 11 Camden County Household Income, 2000 Camden County North Carolina Total % of Total % of Total Less than $10,000 123 6.0% 5.9% $10,000 to $14,999 81 4.0% 4.6% $15,000 to $24,999 155 7.6% 11.8% $25,000 to $34,999 332 16.3%13.1 % $35,000 to $49,999 419 20.5% 18.7% $50,000 to $74,999 477 23.4% 22.9% $75,000 to $99,999 264 12.9% 11.1% $100,000 to $149,999 156 7.7% 7.6% $150,000 to $199,999 33 1.6% 2.1% $200,000 or more 0 0.0 % 2.291o' Total Families 2,040 100.0% 100.0% Source: 2000 US Census. C. Employment By Industry Table 12 provides a summary of employment by industry in Camden County for those persons 16 years and over. The leading employment industries are education, health, and social services (21.69/6), and retail trade (14.3%). The industries with the least employment are wholesale trade (0.3%), and information (0.8%). 21 Table 12 Camden County Employment By Industry, 2000 Industry # Employed % Employed Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Mining 116 3.7% Construction 265 8.6% Manufacturing. 317 10.2% Wholesale Trade 8 0.3% Retail Trade 443 14.3% Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities 238 7.7% Information 25 0.8% Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Rental and Leasing 149 4.8% Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, 240 7.7% and Waste Management Services Education, Health, and Social Services 669 21.6% Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, and 94 3.0% Food Services Other Services (except Public Administration) 163 5.3% Public Administration 372 12.0% Total Persons Employed 16 Years and Over 3,099 100.0% Source: US Census Bureau. It should be noted that the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining employment data that has been provided is somewhat misleading because the figures reflect insured employment and do not include many seasonal, migratory workers. Although the exact number of individuals employed in these industries is unknown, this sector of industry only employs a small number of individuals within Camden County. Beyond these figures, there is no quantitative method to track seasonal employment. Although farming is not a large employer within the county, it is a significant contributor to the county's economy. Table 13 provides a summary of agricultural data for Camden County. 22 Table 13 Camden County Agricultural Data Agriculture Cash Receipts (2002) Dollars Rank Livestock $995,000 92 Crops $15,432,000 65 Total $16,427,000 83 Census of Agriculture (1997) Number of Farms 76 Total Land in Farms, Acres 51,685 Average Farm Size, Acres 680 Harvested Cropland, Acres 46,865 Average Age of Farmers 56 Average Value of Farm and Buildings $1,053,186 Market Value of all Machinery and Equipment $18,149,000 Total Farm Production Expense $14,455,000 -Crops (2001) Acres Harv. Yield Production Rank Tobacco, lbs. Cotton, 480 lb. bales 850 960 1,700 45 Soybeans, bu. 27,700 39 1,062,000 16 Corn, bu. 17,100 134 2,290,000 13 Corn for Silage, tons Peanuts, lbs. * ' Small Grains: Wheat, bu. 11,700 46 640,000 8 Barley, bu. Oats, bu. Sweet Potatoes, cwt. Irish Potatoes, cwt. 3,300 205 669,000 2 All Hay, tons ' Sorghum, bu. 200 75 15,000 11 Livestock Number Rank Hogs and Pigs (December 1, 2001) 3,200 55 Cattle ganuary 1, 2001) 12,000 30 Beef Cows (January 1, 2002) 6,200 28 Milk Cows (January 1, 2002) 1,000 20 Equine 1,500 Broilers Produced (2001) Turkeys Raised (2001) ' All Chickens (December 1, 2001) NOTE: Entries designated with an asterisk (*) were not published if there were fewer than 50 harvested acres of a specific crop, 500 hogs, 200 beef or milk cows, 500 total cattle, 200,000 broilers, 300,000 turkeys, or 5,000 chickens in the county. Source: NC Department of Agriculture. 23 Camden County ranks 83 in total agricultural production within North Carolina. This low ranking is slightly skewed due the county's low rank (92) in livestock production. The county is the second largest producer of Irish Potatoes in the state, and also produces a significant amount of the state's wheat and sorghum. d. Earnings By Industry Table 14 gives an overview of the total earnings by industry within Camden County. State and local government has been a strong contributor to the county's economy, making up 26.1% of total earnings. Other top industries include Professional Services (23.79/o), Retail Trade (10.25?o/), and Farming (9.7%). Camden County has experienced a significantly higher percentage (9.79/o) of earnings in the farm industry than North Carolina (1.45%). State and local government earnings in Camden County have also been higher (26.19-o) than North Carolina averages (11.5%). Table 14 Camden County Earnings by Industry, 2000 Earnings in Industry Millions % of Total Farming 2.02 9.7% Agricultural Services, Other 0.20 1.0% Mining . 0.00 0.0% Construction 1.78 8.6% Manufacturing 1.79 8.6% Transportation, Communication, and Public Utilities 0.98 4.7% Wholesale Trade 0.95 4.6% Retail Trade 2.12 10.2 % Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 0.11 0.5% Professional Services 4.92 23.7% Federal Civilian Government 0.34 1.6% Federal Military 0.13 0.6% State and Local Government 5.43 26.1% Total Earnings 20.77 100.0% Source: Woods and Poole CEDDS. 24 Table 15 provides a listing of average weekly wages by industry. The categories for industry are different than the ones listed in Table 14 because the information was obtained from different data sources. The industry yielding the highest wages in Camden County is Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate ($679.27). Across the board, wages in Camden County are significantly lower than state averages, with the exception of Agriculture where the county's average weekly wage is $176.24 higher than the state average. Table 15 Camden County Wages by Industry, 2000 Average Weekly Earnings Industry Camden County North Carolina Agriculture $559.24 $383.00 Construction $387.94 $571.00 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate $679.27 $844.00 Government $571.81 $621.00 Manufacturing $441.13 $689.00 Retail Trade $227.28 $334.00 Wholesale Trade $606.20 $733.00 Service $502.95 $550.00 Transportation, Communications, Public Utilities $541.09 $757.00 Source: NC Department of Commerce. e. Employment Commuting Patterns According to the 2000 US Census, only twenty-four percent (249ol) of Camden County's working age population is employed within Camden County. A majority.of the citizens travel to work outside of the county, primarily to Pasquotank County to the west and the Tidewater Virginia region to the north. Currently, twenty-two percent (22%), or 700 of the county's 3,151 employed citizens are commuting to the Tidewater Virginia region for employment. Municipalities providing job opportunities within this region are comprised of: Chesapeake, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg. Due to the significant number of commuters traveling to this area, there is an increased impact on traffic flow along US 25 Highway 17. Tables 16 and 17 provide a summary of travel times and work destinations for the citizens of Camden County. Table 16 Camden County Travel Times to Work Travel Time Total of Total Less than five minutes 96 3.1 5 to 9 minutes 214 7.0% 10 to 14 minutes 298 9.8% 15 to 19 minutes 478 15.6% 20 to 24 minutes 437 14.3% 25 to 29 minutes 177 5.8% 30 to 34 minutes 359 11.8% 35 to 39 minutes 60 1.9% 40 to 44 minutes 118 3.9% 45 to 59 minutes 314 10.3% 60 to 89 minutes 345 11.3% 90 minutes or more 159 5.2% Total 3,055 100.0% Mean travel time: 32.4 minutes Source: 2000 US Census. Table 17 Camden County Travel Times — Commuter Destinations Work Destination Commuters % of Total Bertie County 12 Camden County 724 Chowan County 18 Currituck County 169 Dare County 90 Hyde County 12 Pasquotank County 1,249 Perquimans County 43 Wake County 6 Washington County 24 0.4% 23.7% 0.6% 5.5% 2.9% 0.4% 40.9 % 1.4% 0.2% 0.8% a: Table 17 (continued) Work Destination Commuters % of Total Chesapeake, VA 180 5.9% Newport News, VA 9 0.3% Norfolk, VA 269 8.8% Portsmouth, VA 110 3.6% Suffolk, VA 12 0.4% Virginia Beach, VA 98 3.2% Williamsburg, VA 9 0.3% Elsewhere 21 0.7% Total 3,055 100.0 Source: 2000 US Census. f. Industries - Camden County is extremely limited in terms of industrial development. The following table lists all industrial employers within the county. Again, this lack of industrial growth can be attributed to a small overall workforce and geographical location. Table 18 Camden County Industries Year Company Township Product Employees Established Meiggs, WE & Sons Logging Camden Logging 12 Ambrose Signs Company Camden Signs and advertising 12 1945 Dunavant's Welding and Camden Fabricated structural 5 1973 Steel Company steel Atlantic Screenprint South Mills Automotive trimmings 4 1976 Southern Woodworks South Mills Cabinets 1 2000 Cabinetry Source: NC Department of Commerce. g. Employment and Economy Summary • Camden County ranks in the lower 50t' percentile in all three of the key economic indicators at the state level: gross retail sales, per capita income, and average annual wage. • The unemployment rate for the county as of November 2002 (2.8961) is significantly lower than the state average (5.5%). • The poverty rate is slightly lower than the state, while the percentage of persons in the workforce is comparable to the state overall. • The number of low-income households in Camden County is lower than many rural counties in the state, with 66% of households making over $35,000. • The leading employment industries in the county are education, health, and social services employing 21.6% of the population, and retail trade at 14.3%. The industries employing the least number of individuals are wholesale trade (0.3%) and information (0.8%). • Camden County ranks 83 in total agricultural production within North Carolina. This low ranking is slightly skewed due to the county's low rank (92) in livestock production. • The industries in the county posting the highest earnings are state and local government accounting for 26.1 % of total earnings, professional services at 23.7%, and retail trade at 10.2%. • Across the board, wages in Camden County are significantly lower than state averages, with the exception of agriculture. The county's average weekly wage in this sector is $176.24 higher than the state average. • Nearly forty-five percent (45%) of Camden County's working age population commutes thirty minutes or more to work daily. • Forty-one percent (4191,) of working age citizens within Camden County commute to Pasquotank County for their occupation. 28 4. Population Projections Table 19 provides Camden County population projections through 2015. These projections were prepared by the North Carolina Office of State Planning. According to those projections, Camden County is expected to have the third highest rate of growth within Region R through 2015. This reflects the influx of growth which is expected from the Chesapeake metropolitan area. By 2015, the county's total population is expected to have increased by approximately 1,500 people. Table 19 Region R Population Projections, 2000-2015 2003 % Change Location 2000 Estimate 2005 2010 2015 '00--15 Camden 6,885 7,754 7,455 7,905 8,414 22.2% Chowan 14,526 14,410 14,929 15,448 15,919 9.6% Currituck 18,190 20,612 20,591 22,644 24,917 37.0% Dare 29,967 33,216 33,697 - 36,681 39,868 33.0% Gates 10,516 10,786 10,960 11,516 11,991 14.0% Hyde 5,826 5,758 5,922 6,141 6,267. 7.6% Pasquotank 34,897 36,385 36,325 37,864 39,373 12.8% Perquimans 11,368 11,713 11,811 12,127 12,482 9.8% Tyrrell 4,149 4,210 4,291 4,460 4,576 10.3% Washington 13,723 13,479 13,457 13,285 13,039 -5.0% Region R Totals 150,047 158,323 159,438 168,071 176,846 17.9% North Carolina 8,049,313 8,417,255 8,783,752 9,491,372 10,226,897 27.1% Source: North Carolina Office of State Planning. From 1990 to 2000, the seasonal housing units in Camden County only increased from 74 to 76. It is difficult, if not impossible, to forecast increases in seasonal housing. However, it is believed that increased development pressure from the Chesapeake metropolitan area may result in increased seasonal housing. It is assumed that an additional two seasonal houses will be constructed in each of the five year periods ending 2005, 2010, and 2015. According to a study prepared by East Carolina University of recreational populations for North Carolina coastal communities ("Characterization of Baseline Demographic Trends in the Year - Round and Recreational Populations in the Albemarle Pamlico Estuarine Study Area," Paul D. 29 Tschetter, Greenville NC; East Carolina University,1987), a reasonable average number of persons per household occupying seasonal housing units is 4.5. This average occupancy was utilized to forecast peak seasonal population. Peak seasonal population assumes that on the peak day all seasonal units are occupied. Table 20 provides a summary of permanent and peak seasonal population forecasts. In an effort to address population increase and its impact on the Camden County School System, the Camden County Board of Education hired a consultant to establish detailed demographic projections regarding population and housing. These estimates utilized several different statistical methodologies that resulted in a wide range of outcomes. For the purposes of this plan, all demographic projections have come from the North Carolina Office of State Planning. For comparison purposes, the report compiled for the Camden County Board of Education has been attached as Appendix Vll. Table 20 Camden County Permanent and Peak Seasonal Population Forecast, 2000-2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 Permanent Population* 6,885 7,455 7,905 8,414 Peak Seasonal Population" 342 351 360 369 (76 units) (78 units) (80 units) (82 units) Total 7,227 7,806 8,265 8,783 Source: "NC Office of State Planning; `*Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003). B. NATURAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 1. Mapping and Analysis of Natural Features a. Topography/Geology Camden County is located on the North Carolina/Virginia state line in the northeastern section of the state. It is bordered by Pasquotank and Currituck counties. Camden County consists of 150,557 acres, or roughly 242 square miles. Elevation in the county ranges from near sea level to 24 feet above sea level at the western edge of the Great Dismal Swamp. The Pasquotank River runs along the southwestern border of the county and the North River runs along the southeastern border of the county. The forest growth consists chiefly of old field pine, post oak, white oak, red oak, black oak, red maple, poplar, hickory, and a few birch. 30 b. Climate In Camden County, summers are hot and generally humid because of moist, maritime air, but sea breezes often times cool coastal areas. Winters are cool with short cold periods mainly because the mountains to the west protect the area against many cold waves. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year and is adequate for all crops. Snow rarely occurs in Camden County. -1n winter, the average temperature is 42 degrees Fahrenheit and the 'average daily minimum temperature is 32 degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which occurred on January 13, 1962, is 4 degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 77 degrees and the average daily maximum temperature is 86 degrees. The highest recorded temperature, which occurred on July 23, 1952, is 105 degrees. The total average annual precipitation is about 49 inches. Of this, 27 inches, or about 55 percent, usually falls in April through September. The growing season for most crops falls within this period. In 2 years out of 10, the rainfall in April through September is less than 22 inches. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was 6.7 inches on October 20, 1968. Thunderstorms occur on about 44 days each year. The average seasonal snowfall is about 2 inches. However, Camden County received 15-20 inches of snow in January 2003. The average relative humidity in midafternoon is about 65%. Humidity is higher at night, and the average at dawn is about 80%. The sun shines 60% of the time during daylight hours in summer and about 50% in winter. The prevailing wind is from the southwest. Average windspeed is highest, 13 miles per hour, in winter. C. Flood Hazard Areas Based on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS) for Camden County, approximately sixty- seven percent (67%) of the county is located in a flood hazard area. The new flood maps were established under the North Carolina Flood Mapping Program, and were adopted by Camden County on October 5, 2004. 31 ' The locations of flood zone areas within the county are shown on Map 3. Twenty-one percent (2191o) of the county falls within an A flood zone, approximately forty percent (409/.) falls within an AE zone, approximately one percent (191o) within the AEFW or Floodway zone, and five percent (5%) within the Shaded X zone. Additionally, roughly three percent (3%) of the county falls within a non -encroachment zone, a newly established Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) floodplain designation. The non -encroachment zone was created to identify low-lying. areas where development was previously allowed, but now may not be allowed. In -field assessment of these areas is required. The remaining floodplain designations listed above are defined as follows: Zone A: Zone A is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the one percent annual chance floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by approximate methods of analysis. Because detailed hydraulic analyses are not performed for such areas, no base flood elevations or depths are shown within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply. Zone AE: Zone AE is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the one percent annual chance floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by detailed methods of analysis. In most instances, base flood elevations derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses are shown at selected intervals within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply. Zone AEFW (Floodway): The floodway is the channel of a stream, plus any adjacent floodplain areas that must be kept free of encroachment so that the one percent annual chance flood can be carried without substantial increases in flood heights. Zone Shaded X: Zones B, C, and X are the flood insurance rate zones that correspond to areas outside the one percent annual chance floodplain, areas of one percent annual chance sheet flow flooding where average depths are less than one foot, areas of one percent annual chance stream flooding where the contributing drainage area is less than one square mile, or areas protected from the one percent annual chance flood by levees. No base flood elevations or depths are shown in this zone. Flood insurance purchase is not required in these zones. Acreage figures for portions of Camden County that fall within a FEMA-designated flood zone are provided in Table 21. 32 Map 3 Subbasi 03-01-51 r t South Mills i l a y II Albemarle Sound _------------ i Camden County Land Use Plan Flood Hazard Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 Hydrology Street Center Line Non -Encroach Areas Flood Zone A AE AEFW SHADED X No Flood Hazard The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. The prapvaEar e/ ins map wac financed n pan th.Wh a grant pray aY M Ne Nunn Carding by 0, Managementvmyam,mroagnloon.1— .ne., �Zpnet emianu�iaraa lh' ma�m:,..� Ocean and Co W R-- Management. NaWna 0_ and nmwapn Adminbo-agpn. 5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles II 33 Table 21 Camden County Flood Hazard Areas Camden County Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 (Total Acres 150,557) (Total Acres 111,880) (Total Acres 38,677) Acres % of Total Acres % of Total Acres % of Total A 32,038.6 21.3% 31,085.0 27.8% 953.6 2.5% AE 59,949.8 39.8% 34,135.1 30.5% 25,814.7 66.7% AEFW 2,119.6 1.4% 2,119.6 1.9% — — Shaded X 7,440.6 4.9% 5,917.2 5.3% 1,523.4 3.9% TOTAL 101,548.6 67.4% 73,256.91 65.5% 28,291.8 73.1% Non- 5,081.8 encroachment * The data included regarding subbasins relates only to the portions of the subbasin located within Camden County. Source: FEMA and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (October, 2004) The greatest storm surge impact will occur from hurricanes. Map 4 shows the general areas of Camden County which may be affected by hurricane -generated storm surge. While a considerable amount of Camden County lies within the floodplain, the greatest threat is flooding resulting from storm surge and local ponding of water. Approximately nine percent (9%) of the county's planning jurisdiction would be inundated during a Category One and Category Two hurricane. Thirty-two percent (3296) of the county would be inundated during a Category Three hurricane and seventy-four (749o/) inundated during a Category Four and Category Five hurricane. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a rating system based on hurricane intensity. Within each category is a description of wind speed, storm surge, and estimated damages. Examples of each category are noted. 34 Map 4 17 Subbasin 03-01-50 — �, South Mills t 17 1 Subbasin 03-01-54 Camden i` Shiloh 0 0 1 y Albemarle Sound 5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles Camden County Land Use Plan Hurricane Inundation Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 1 Subbasin 03-01-50 Hydrology Storm Surge Category 1 and Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 and 5 " The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. Tla preAetton Of !tl9 RPC 'w9B AfS-ceG In :Pt pFmU9+ O g'a+r �v�rMc ny r r. WnT UwGIrllArn+ymrect PrupaM, ihuyhn.nde crop e Dy'Ae :OBFMI ZO�B A161FJIBM:M Ad �F TA�1, fl� Mrs. ..A 6.M OBire 0 w, b d C_eBIBIcRaBG lltny^Fern. NM.W WBBnG anG nm4uJlenG 35 Category One Hurricane: Winds 74-95 mph. Storm surge generally 4-5 feet above normal. No significant damage to permanent structures. Damage limited to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed areas. Limited coastal road flooding and minor pier damage may occur. Hurricanes Allison and Noel of 1995 were Category One hurricanes at peak intensity. Category Two Hurricane: Winds 96-110 mph. Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal. Some roofing material, door, and window damage to buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees. Some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and piers. Coastal and low-lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before the arrival of the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings. Hurricane Bertha of 1996 was a Category Two hurricane when it hit the North Carolina coast. Category Three Hurricane: Winds 111-130 mph. Storm surge generally 9-12 feet above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Foliage blown off trees. Large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by floating debris. Terrain lower than five feet above mean sea level may be flooded eight miles inland. Evacuation of low-lying residences within several block of the shoreline may be required. Hurricane Fran of 1996 was a Category Three hurricane. Category Four Hurricane: Winds 131-155 mph. Storm surge generally.13-18 feet above normal More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be covered by rising water 3-5 hours before the arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to the lower floors of structures near the shore. Terrain lower than ten feet above sea level may be flooded, requiting the massive evacuation of residential areas as far inland as six miles. Hurricanes Opal and Hugo were Category Four hurricanes at peak intensitywhen they struck the Florida and South Carolina coasts, respectively. Both storms eventually passed over the western part of North Carolina. At this time, wind speeds had dropped to tropical storm force winds. Category Five Hurricane: Winds greater than 155 mph. Storm surge generally greater than 18 feet. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown down. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before the arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than 15 feet above sea level 36 and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5-10 miles of the shoreline maybe required. Hurricane Gilbert of 1988 was a Category Five hurricane at peak intensity and is the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone of record. Gilbert passed over Jamaica, the Yucatan Peninsula, and Northern Mexico. d. Man-made Hazards/Restrictions There are no significant man-made hazards within Camden County's planning jurisdiction. The EPA requires that facilities report certain chemical substances located on site. Specifically, under this regulatory requirement, facilities with chemicals on the. EPA's list of Extremely Hazardous Substances present in a quantity equal to or in excess of their established Threshold Planning Quantity or a 500 pound threshold (whichever number is less), as well as any hazardous chemical present on site in a quantity equal to or greater than 10,000 pounds must be included on an annual report called the Tier 11. This report must be submitted by March V of each year to the North Carolina Emergency Response Commission, the Local Emergency Planning Committee, and the local fire department with jurisdiction over the reporting facility. Only one facility submitted a Tier lI report in Camden County for 2003. That facility is Albemarle Propane located at 149 Highway 158 West, Camden, NC 27921. The Chesapeake & Albemarle Railroad which traverses the county on its way from Edenton to Chesapeake, Virginia could be considered a potential man-made hazard. The following are facilities that use this railroad: Table 22 Chesapeake & Albemarle Railroad Customers Facility Name Location Albemarle Builders Elizabeth City, NC _Albemarle Distribution Elizabeth City, NC Royster Clark Shawboro, NC Central Grain Elizabeth City, NC Universal Forest Products Elizabeth City, NC Currituck Grain Shawboro, NC Hobbs Implement Edenton, NC Lebanon Agricorp Chesapeake, VA Lebanon Agricorp Shawboro, NC C.A. Perry & Sons Edenton, NC Commercial Ready -Mix Edenton, NC Coastal Ready -Mix Moyock, NC 37 Table 22 (continued) Facility Name Location Roberts Bros. Shawboro, NC Southern States Hertford, NC United Piece & Die Edenton, NC IMC Elizabeth City, NC Vulcan Materials Elizabeth City, NC F.P. Wood & Son Camden, NC Source: Camden County. e. Soils A detailed soils survey was issued for Camden County in July 1995. That report, Soil Survey of Camden County, North Carolina, identifies 24 soils series located in the county. The soils series are located on Map 5, and their characteristics are summarized in Table 23. Twenty-one of the 24 soil series have severe limitations for septic tank usage. The Bojac loamy sand (BoA) and State fine sandy loams (StA and StB) soil types have moderate limitations for septic tank usage but can accommodate conventional septic tank systems. However, these three soils series occupy only small areas, 1.79% of the county's total area. The soils with moderate limitations for septic tank usage are scattered in the South Mills, Camden, and Shiloh village areas and along NC 343 from South Mills to Camden, and north of US 158 east of Camden. It is significant that fourteen of the soil series in Camden County are hydric soils. Those fourteen include: Belhaven muck, Cape Fear silt loam, Chowan silt loam, Dorovan muck, Hobonny muck, Hyde silt loam, Nimmo silt loam, Perquimans silt loam, Portsmouth sandy loam, Pungo muck, Roanoke silt loam, Roper muck, Tomotley fine sandy loam, and Wasda muck. A hydric soil is a soil which is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (anaerobic is defined as a situation in which molecular oxygen is absent from the environment.) These soils may meet the definition of 404 wetland areas if found in combination with certain hydrophytic vegetation and require permitting by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington Office prior to any disturbance. 38 Subbas 03-01-F South Mills 1 Albemarle Sound i 5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles Map 5 Camden County Land Use Plan Soil Classification Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 ® MuA ®� Subbasin 03-01-50 HyA' OCamden County NoA V Street Center Line PeA PtA ' Hydrology PuA Soil Types ROA' AaA RpA - AtA SeA BaA ' StA BoA StB CfA ' ® ToA ChA Ud ® CoA • W dA HoA Hydric Soils ti E S * The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. 39 Table 23 - Camden County Soil Series Characteristics - Depth to Flooding Map Soil Seasonal High Frequency Dwellings without Total % of Each Symbol Series Slope H2O Table (ft) (Surface) Basements Streets & Roads Septic Tanks Acreage Soil AaA Altavista fine sandy 0-2% 1.5 to 2.5 ft. none Moderate: wetness Moderate: Severe: wetness 2,663.65 1.72% loam wetness, low strength AtA Augusta fine sandy 0-2% 1 to 2 feet none Severe: Moderate: Severe: wetness 1,217.27 0.79% loam wetness wetness, low strength BaA Belhaven muck 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: Severe: wetness Severe: wetness, 12,020.74 7.75% wetness, low peres slowly strength BoA Bojac loamy sand 0-3% 4 to 6 feet none Slight Slight Moderate: wetness 1,831.41 1.18% CfA Cape Fear silt loam 0-2% 0 to 1.5 feet none Severe: Severe: low Severe: wetness, 2,940.54 1.90% wetness strength, wetness peres slowly ChA Chapanoke silt loam 0-2% 0.5 to 1.5 feet none Severe: Severe: low Severe: wetness, 1,824.41 1.18% - wetness strength, wetness peres slowly CoA Chowan silt loam 0-2% 0 to 0.5 foot Frequent: Severe: flooding, Severe: low Severe: flooding 5,352.77 3.45% very long wetness strength, wetness, wetness, peres Nov -Apr flooding slowly DoA Dorovan muck 0-1% -0.5 to 1 foot Frequent: Severe: subsides, Severe: subsides, Severe: subsides, 27,339.97 17.63% very long flooding, ponding ponding, flooding flooding, ponding Jan -Dec HoA Hobonny muck 0-1% -0.5 to 1 foot Frequent: Severe: flooding, Severe: ponding, Severe: flooding, 1,416.93 0.91% very long low strength flooding ponding Jan -Dec ponding HyA Hyde silt loam 0-2% 0 to 1.5 feet none Severe: Severe: low Severe: wetness, 6,422.15 4.14% wetness strength, wetness peres slowly MuA Munden loamy sand 0-2% 1.5 to 2.5 ft. none Moderate: wetness Moderate: Severe: wetness, 1,908.59 1.23% wetness poor filter NoA Nimmo sandy loam 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: Severe: wetness Severe: wetness, 1,787.31 1.15% wetness poor filter 40 Table 23 (continued) Depth to Flooding Map Soil Seasonal High Frequency Dwellings without Total % of Each Symbol Series Slope HZO Table (ft) (Surface) Basements Streets & Roads Septic Tanks Acreage Soil PeA Perquimans silt loam 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: Severe: low Severe: wetness, 16,957.04 10.94% wetness strength, wetness peres slowly PtA Portsmouth fine sandy 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: Severe: wetness Severe: wetness, 7,159.14 4.62% loam wetness poor filter PuA Pungo muck , 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: subsides, Severe: subsides, Severe: subsides, 23,377.44 15.08% wetness, low wetness, low wetness, strength strength peres slowly RoA Roanoke silt loam 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: Severe: low Severe: wetness, 13,116.60 8.46% wetness strength, wetness peres slowly RpA Roper muck 0-2% 0 to 1.5 feet ` none Severe: Severe: low Severe: wetness, 5,998.40 3.87% wetness strength, wetness peres slowly SeA Seabrook fine sand 0-2% 2 to 4 feet none Moderate: wetness Moderate: wetness Severe: wetness, 795.72 0.51% poor filter StA State fine sandy loam 0-2% 3 to 5 feet - none Slight Moderate: low Moderate: wetness, 756.50 0.49% strength peres slowly StB State fine sandy loam .2-6% 3 to 5 feet none Slight Moderate: low Moderate: wetness, 192.27 0.12% strength peres slowly, ToA Tomotley fine sandy 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: Severe: wetness Severe: wetness, 12,985.26 8.37% loam wetness peres slowly Ud Udorhents loamy loamy 761.69 0.49% WdA Wasda muck 0-2% 0 to 1 foot none Severe: Severe: wetness Severe: wetness 2,007.31 1.29% wetness YeA Yeopim silt loam 0-2% 1.5 to 3.0 ft. none Severe: Severe: low Severe: wetness, 2,215.01 1.43% wetness strength peres slowly Source: Soil Survey of Camden County, North Carolina. 41 f. Water Supply Water is by far the most abundant natural resource in Camden County. A majority of the water resources in the county are brackish containing varying degrees of salt, and therefore are not usable for consumption. Many Camden County residents still rely on wells for their water supply. Generally, the ground water supplies are as extensive as surface waters. Three stratified aquifers underlie much of the region and contain massive quantities of water. Salt water from water bodies surrounding the county often intrudes onto these aquifers. This can often render portions of these drinking water sources unusable. Over time this has become a significant concern for Camden County. Large portions of the county are now served bywater lines. Water is treated and provided by two water treatment plants in Camden County, the South Mills Water Association Water Treatment Plant and the South Camden Water and Sewer Distillation Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Plant. The county has plans to extend this service to more county residents in the future. Data summarizing water usage by the county can be found in Section V (D)(6), Analysis of Existing Community Facilities/Services - Water System. In central Camden County there is a WS-IV water supply watershed. The purpose of the Water Supply Watershed Program is to provide an opportunity for communities to work with the state to strengthen protection of their water supplies. There are five water supply classifications (WS-1 to WS-V) that are defined according to the amount and types of permitted point source discharges, as well as requirements to control non point sources of pollution. WS-1 provides the highest level of protection and WS-IV provides the least level of protection. g. Fragile Areas and Areas of Environmental Concern In coastal North Carolina, fragile areas are considered to include coastal wetlands, ocean beaches and shorelines, estuarine waters and shorelines, public trust waters, complex natural areas,, areas sustaining remnant species, unique geological formations, registered natural landmarks, swamps, prime wildlife habitats, areas of excessive slope, areas of excessive erosion, scenic points, archaeological sites, historical sites, and 404 wetlands. While not identified as fragile areas in the 15A NCAC 7H use standards, maritime forests and outstanding resourcewaters (ORWs) should also be considered fragile areas. The Camden County 15A NCAC 7H Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) include estuarine waters, estuarine shorelines, public trust areas, and coastal wetlands. 42 Estuarine Waters (AEC Estuarine waters are generally those waters found in estuaries, sounds, bays, salt water shorelines, and the Atlantic Ocean within three miles of the shoreline. They are the dominant component and bonding element of the entire estuarine system, integrating aquatic influences from both the land and the sea. The estuarine waters are among the most productive natural environments within Camden County's planning jurisdiction. The waters support the valuable commercial and sports fisheries of the coastal area which are comprised of estuarine dependent species such as menhaden, flounder, and crabs. ii. Estuarine Shorelines (AEC) Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines that are especially vulnerable to erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water. They are intimately connected to the estuary. In shoreline areas not contiguous to waters classified as outstanding resource waters by the Division of Water Quality, all land 75 feet leeward from the normal water level are considered to be estuarine shorelines. Development within the estuarine shorelines influences the quality of estuarine life and is subject to the damaging processes of shorefront erosion and flooding. iii. Public Trust Areas (AEC) Public trust areas are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward limit of state jurisdiction; all natural bodies ofwater subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level or mean water level as the case may be, except privately -owned lakes to which the public has no right of access; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing significant public fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public by navigation from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all Waters in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means. In determining whether the public has acquired rights in artificially created bodies ofwater, the following factors shall be considered: (1) the use of the body of water by the public; (2) the length of time the public has used the area; (3) the value of public resources in the body of water; (4) whether the public resources in the body of water are mobile to the extent that they can move. into natural bodies of water; 43 (5) whether the creation of the artificial body of water required permission from the state; and (6) the value of the body of water to the public for navigation from one public area to another public area. These areas are significant because the public has rights in these areas, including navigation and recreation. The public trust areas also support valuable commercial and sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important resources for economic. development. The public trust areas must be determined through in -field analysis and definition. iv. Coastal Wetlands (AEC The coastal wetlands are generally delineated on Map 6, Camden County Wetlands. However, it is emphasized that the specific locations of coastal wetlands can be determined only through on -site investigation and analysis. Coastal wetlands are defined as salt marshes regularly- or irregularly -flooded by tides including wind tides, provided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides. These areas must contain at least one, but not necessarily all of the following marsh plant species: Cordgrass, Meadow Grass, and Salt Reed Grass. The coastal wetlands are vital to the complex food chain found in estuaries. They provide marine nursery areas and are essential to a sound commercial fishing industry. Coastal wetlands also serve as barriers against flood damage and control erosion between the estuary and uplands. Substantial coastal wetland areas are located along Portohonk, Raymond, Cow, Great, Public, Abel, Hunting, Broad, and Little Broad Creeks; a portion of the North River south of Public Creek; and a portion of the north side of Camden Point. V. Wetlands Defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act 404 wetlands are areas covered by water or that have waterlogged soils for long periods during the growing season. Plants growing in wetlands are capable of living in soils lacking oxygen for at least part of the growing season. 404 wetlands include, but are not limited to, bottomlands, forests, swamps, pocosins, pine savannahs, bogs, marshes, wet meadows, and coastal wetlands. Map 6 provides the approximate location of pocosin, bottomland hardwood/swamp forest, and coastal wetlands located within the county's planning jurisdiction. Note: Map 8 on page 50 depicts significant natural heritage areas. 44 Map 5 —� Subb 03-01 1 i South Mill l� �0 il- 1t\ Albemarle Sound ; i 5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles U Camden County Land Use Plan Wetlands Legend Subbasin 03.01-54 f ♦ Subbasin 03-01-50 Hydrology Street Center Line Wetlands 40 Bottomiand Hardwood Cleared Bottomlard Hardwood Cleared Hardwood Flat - Cleaned Headwater Swamp Cleared Pine Flat y r • Cleared Swamp Forest Cutover Bottomland Hardwood ti Cutover Hardwood Flat Cutover Headwater Swamp Cutover Pine Flat Cutover Swamp Forest '— }— Drained Bottomiand Hardwood Drained Freshwater Marsh r , Drained Hardwood Flat rr Drained Headwater Swamp s Drained Pine Flat Drained Swamp Forest Estuarine Shrub/Scrub FreshvaterMarsh Hardwood Flat Headwater Swamp 40 Human Impacted Managed Pineland Pine Flat Pocosin SaIt/Brsddsh Marsh Swamp Forest The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. Ca_N�r wl !H vxf ev. lli et V N mKo7ro n g-w r t'n A. S Mr MM CwalaltA,rvSeirei.t R,Hnb, ft�vyh FsJ srvn e: _ mn ,afar. -i-d 6•r de Odice ,a crosa�ne.mx Nmnu��wa. nwuw 45 Table 24 indicates the types of wetlands located in Camden County, the number of acres in each type of wetland, and the percentage of each type. Table 24 Camden County Wetlands Wetland Name Acreage Percentage Bottomland Hardwood 2,293 1.52% Cleared Bottomland Hardwood 16 0.01% Cleared Hardwood Flat 640 0.43% Cleared Headwater Swamp 25 0.02% Cleared Pine Flat 54 0.04% Cleared Swamp Forest 3 0.00% Cutover Bottomland Hardwood 72 0.05% Cutover Hardwood Flat 1,087 0.72% Cutover Headwater Swamp 259 0.17% Cutover Pine Flat 405 0.27 % Cutover Swamp Forest 1 0.00% Drained Bottomland Hardwood 370 0.25 Drained Freshwater Marsh 6 0.00% Drained Hardwood Flat 3,283 2.18% Drained Headwater Swamp 458 0.30% Drained Pine Flat 1,874 1.24% Drained Swamp Forest 17,061 11.33% Estuarine Shrub/Scrub 92 0.06% Freshwater Marsh 39 0.03% Hardwood Flat 6,843 4.55% Headwater Swamp 927 0.62% Human Impacted 95 0.06% Managed Pineland 8,603 5.71% Pine Flat 7,542 5.01% Pocosin 375 0.25% Salt/Brackish Marsh 1,674 1.11% Swamp Forest 37,109 24.65% Total Wetlands Acres 91,206 Total Acres in Camden County 150,557 Total % of Wetlands 60.58% Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., (April, 2003); National Wetlands Inventory. 46 Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires that anyone interested in depositing dredged or fill material into "waters of the United States" including wetlands, must apply for and receive a permit for such activities. The Wilmington office of the US Army Corps of Engineers has regulatory authority in CamdenCounty's planning jurisdiction. While there may be scattered wetland areas (non -coastal wetlands) located within Camden County, the specific locations ofwetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. It should be noted that in some Areas of Environmental Concern, both the US Army Corps of Engineers and the regulatory requirements of the Coastal Area Management Act may have overlapping jurisdiction. Simultaneous to the preparation of this plan, amendments to the federal definition of wetlands were being considered which could reduce the areas afforded protection under the wetlands legislation. The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) was established in 1996 to restore wetlands, streams, and streamside (riparian) areas. The NCWRP accepts payments to the DENR Trust Fund according to a fee schedule. The payments are used for wetland mitigation activities. The table below depicts mitigation activities in the entire Pasquotank River Basin since 1995. Please note that Camden County is not located in all of the subbasins. The county is located in a portion of subbasin 03-01-50 and 03-01-54. Table 25 Permitted Wetland Mitigation Activities (in Acres) by Subbasin and Year Subbasin Number 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total 03-01-50 0.50 0 20.60 0 0 0 21.10 03-01-54 74.74 0 0.20 0 0 0 74.94 Total Acreage 75.24 0 20.80 0 0 0 96.04 Source: NC Division of Water Quality. vi. Slopes in Excess of 12% There are no slopes in excess of 12% located within Camden County. vii. Excessive Erosion Areas Excessive erosion of shoreline areas has not been a problem within Camden County's planning jurisdiction. 47 viii. Natural Resource Fragile Areas Natural resource fragile areas are generally recognized to be of educational, scientific, or cultural value because of the natural features of the particular site. Features in these areas serve to distinguish them from the vast majority of the landscape. These areas include complex natural areas, areas that sustain remnant species, pocosins, wooded swamps, prime wildlife habitats, or registered natural landmarks. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the Division of Parks and Recreation works to identify and facilitate protection ofthe most ecologically significant natural areas remaining in the state. Natural areas may be identified because they provide important habitat for rare species or because they contain outstanding examples of the rich natural diversity of this state. The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge and the Great Dismal Swamp Natural Area are located in Camden County. These areas, as well as other portions of the county are home to a variety of endangered, threatened, or rare plant and animal species. Maps 7 and 8 depict other Protected Lands and Natural Heritage Areas in Camden County. Tables 26 and 27 outline acreage associated with Protected Lands and Natural Heritage Areas. Among the state and federal organizations reporting the status of plants and animals within the county are the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program and the United States Department of the Interior. These agencies rank species by the severity of the threat to their continued existence. The most severely threatened species are labeled endangered. The next lower level species are labeled threatened, followed by species of special concern and significantly rare. Table 26 Camden County Protected Lands Acreages Area Name Acreage Percentage Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife 104,172 67.2% WRC North River Gameland 3,238 2.2% Harrison Tract 3,516 2.3 % Parks Dismal Swamp Natural Area 14,349 9.5% Total Acres of Protected Land 125,275 Total Acres in Camden County 150,557 Total % of Protected Land 81.2% Source: NC Department of Environmental and Natural Resources. . 48 �. Map 7 Camden County Land Use Plan Subbasin 03-01-50 - Protected Lands , � South Mills - Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin �. i Subbasin 03-01-50 03-01-54 O Canxlen County Hydrology Protected Lands 343 158 GREAT DISMAL SWAMP NATIONAL WILDLIFE HARRISON TRACT PARKS DISMAL SWAMP NATURAL AREA WRC NORTH RIVER GAMELAND Camden - - _. -� -� ri N - 343 W+ E Shiloh 5 t ` �s9 Oe�t � G The orange and blue dash line represent the t 12. � N shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. 1 a t ` ` na —W)r .r rbe R+b .ae rra— n b.+ Albemarle Sound Y°M "�OR— Z.- 1 +no +:mn>rane ,amoE-ue.+ V 5 0 5 10 15 Miles 49 Map 8 Camden County Subbasin Land Use Plan � �, 03-01-50 ♦�� Significant Natural Heritage Areas South Mills __-_—__ _ - - ----- --- — - ' Subbasin Legend 03-01-54 ` Subbasin03-01-54 / `� Subbasin 03-01-50 Hydrology Natural Heritage Areas 4111111111111111, BROAD CREEK MARSHES DISMAL SWAMP STATE NATURAL AREA ` GREAT DISMAL SWAMP NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ` HUNTING CREEK POCOSIN AND MARSH �, INDIANTOWN CREEK/NORTH RIVER CYPRESS FOREST Camden I NORTH RIVER/CROOKED CREEK WETLANDS NORTH RIVER/GREAT CREEK MARSHES AND SWAMP SHIPYARD LANDING NATURAL AREA 1 ` , � THE GREEN SEA WHITEHALL SHORES HARDWOOD FOREST Shiloh)'`' `I ♦ �� 20 ' The orange and blue dash line represent the O shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. vie q� Q • , J , CD E Oel— � nw orero nor a !w nnc we nrnratl m c«< by -h. C—M- 2o�s M,!q-- ArR V 187. ca�tl na ar. M1c+ iv srniniprxtl Oy Te Ofic< n- owrn �ro're� �,_�,�,!�nrrn�,r"' NO-1Albemarle Sound'. uMm nnr :, mosoro�e ntlnrc!e .cA+ 5 0 5 10 15 Miles 50 Table 27 Camden County Natural Heritage Areas Site Name Acres Percentage Broad Creek Marshes 2,632 1.75% Dismal Swamp State Natural Area 14,327 9.52 % Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge 9,017 5.99% Hunting Creek Pocosin and Marsh 2,019 1.349/o Indiantown Creek/North River Cypress Forest 1 0.00% North River/Crooked Creek Wetlands 2,944 1.96% North River/Great Creek Marshes and Swamp 503 0.33% Shipyard Landing Natural Area 1,611 1.07% The Green Sea 6,355 4.22% Whitehall Shores Hardwood Forest 170 0.11% Total Natural Heritage Acres in Camden County 39,579 Total Acres in Camden County 150,557 % of Natural Heritage 26.29% Source: NC Department of Environmental & Natural Resources. There are two animal species that are listed as endangered and two animal species listed as threatened in Camden County. The Red Cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and the Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) are listed as endangered. The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) are listed as threatened. In addition, the state lists the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) as special concern. The only plant species that is listed as endangered by the state is the Virginia Least Trillium (Trillium pusillum var virginianum'). The federal status is federal species of concern. The state lists the Carolina Grasswort (Lilaeopsis carolinensis) as threatened. Species that are endangered, threatened, or of a special concern are protected by federal and/or state law. There are several species which are listed as being significantly rare. The label means that they are at risk and an effort should be made to monitor their population or to seek their classification as a protected species. The significantly rare plant and animal species in Camden County are the Black -Throated Green Warbler -Coastal Plain population (Dendroica viren waynei), Hessells Hairstreak (Callophrys hesseli), Northern Oak Hairstreak (Fixsenia favonius ontario), Twig Rush (Cladium mariscoides), Beaked Spikerush (Eleocharis rostellata), and Winged Seedbox (Ludwigia alata). 51 The complex natural area in Camden County also includes areas that sustain remnant species, pocosins, wooded swamps, and wildlife habitats. The Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge could also fit in these overlapping categories. There are no registered natural landmarks or unique geologic formations in Camden County. h. Areas of Resource Potential i. Regionally Significant Public Parks The Great Dismal. Swamp National Wildlife Refuge is located in northeastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia. The refuge consists of over 109,000 acres of forested wetlands. Drummond Lake, a 3,100-acre natural lake, is located in the center of the swamp. At one time the swamp was a very successful commercial logging area. Logging continued in the area until the mid-1970s when the wildlife refuge was established. The swamp is home to many rare plant and animal species. There are a variety of activities that visitors may participate in while at the Great Dismal Swamp. Those activities include hiking, biking, photography, fishing, boating and wildlife observation. Also of interest is the Great Dismal Swamp Canal. The canal is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been designated as a National Civil Engineering Landmark. Marinas and Mooring Fields Marinas are defined as any publicly- or privately -owned dock, basin, or wet boat storage facility constructed to accommodate more than ten boats and providing any of the following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout facilities, and repair service. Excluded from this definition are boat ramp facilities allowing access only, temporary docking and none of the preceding services. - Camden County allows the construction of marinas and any associated drystack storage facilities that are in compliance with the county zoning ordinance. There are three marinas in Camden County. A "freestanding mooring' is any means to attach a ship, boat, vessel, floating structure, or other water craft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy, buoyed anchor, or piling (as long as the piling is not associated with an existing or proposed pier, dock, or boathouse). When more than one freestanding mooring is used in the same general 52 _ vicinity it is commonly referred to as a mooring field. Camden County has not regulated the establishment of mooring fields within its planning jurisdiction and mooring fields have not been a problem. However, the county recognizes that the establishment of mooring fields could lead to the degradation of water quality. iii. Floating Homes A floating home or structure is any structure, not a boat, supported by means of flotation, designed to be used without a permanent foundation, which is used or intended for human habitation or commerce. A structure will be considered a floating structure when it is inhabited or used for commercial purposes for more than thirty days in any one location. A boat may be deemed a floating structure when its means of propulsion has been removed or rendered inoperative and it contains at least 200 square feet of living space area. There are currently no floating homes within Camden County. Camden County does not support the location of floating homes within the county's jurisdiction. iv. Aquaculture As defined under N.C. General Statute 106-758, aquaculture is the propagation and rearing of aquatic species in controlled or selected environments, including, but not limited to, ocean ranching. Aquaculture has not been an issue within Camden County's planning jurisdiction. Camden County recognizes that the establishment of aquaculture could have some negative impacts on water quality (see policy P.70). V. Channel Maintenance and Interstate Waterways The Intracoastal Waterway runs along Camden County's southeastern boundary. The waterway provides an indispensable route for fishermen, commercial barge traffic, and recreational boat traffic, all instrumental to the county's economic well-being. The waterway is maintained by the US Corps of Engineers. Camden County supports dredging and general maintenance of the Intracoastal Waterway. Proper maintenance of channels is very important to Camden County because of the substantial economic impact of commercial fisheries. If silt or other deposits fill in the channels, safe and efficient movement of commercial fishing and transport vessels could be impeded. 53 vi. Marine Resources (Water Ouali The North Carolina Division of Water Quality assigns water quality classifications to all named waters of the State of North Carolina. The classifications are based upon the existing or contemplated best usage of the various streams and segments of streams within a basin, as determined through studies, evaluations, and comments received at public hearings. The state water classification system is broken down as follows: Table 28 NC Division of Water Quality Water Body Classifications PRIMARY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER CLASSIFICATIONS* CLASS BEST USES C and SC Aquatic life propagation/protection and secondary recreation Band SB Primary recreation and Class C uses SA Waters classified for commercial shellfish harvesting WS Water Supply watershed. There are five WS classes ranging from WS-1 through WS-V. WS classifications are assigned to watersheds based on land use characteristics of the area. Each water supply classification has a set of management strategies to protect the surface water supply. WS-1 provides the highest level of protection and WS-V provides the least protection. A Critical Area (CA) designation is also listed for watershed areas within a half -mile and draining to the water supply intake or reservoir where an intake is located. SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS CLASS BEST USES SW Swamp Waters: Recognizes waters that will naturally be more acidic (have lower pH values) and have lower levels of dissolved oxygen. Tr Trout Waters: Provides protection to freshwaters for natural trout propagation and survival of stocked trout. HQW High Quality Waters: Waters possessing special qualities including excellent water quality, Native or Special Native Trout Waters, Critical habitat areas, or WS-1 and WS-11 water supplies. ORW Outstanding Resource Waters: Unique and special surface waters that are unimpacted by pollution and have some outstanding resource values. NSW Nutrient Sensitive Waters: Areas with water quality problems associated with excessive plant growth resulting from nutrient enrichment. * Primary classifications beginning with an "S" are assigned to saltwaters. Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 54 Water classifications vary widely throughout Camden County. Table 29 provides a listing of all water bodies within the county that are classified by the NC Division of Water Quality. Also included are their subbasins and assigned classification. Map 9 identifies the location of these waterbodies. There are currently no HQW or ORW waters within Camden County. Table 29 Camden County Alphabetic List of Waterbodies Name of Stream Subbasin Stream Index Number Class Albemarle Sound PAS50 30 SB Albemarle Sound PAS54 30 SB Areneuse Creek PAS50 30-3-13-(1) C Sw Areneuse Creek PAS50 30-3-13-(2) SB Broad Creek PAS54 30-2-14 SC Corapeake Ditch PAS50 30-3-2-1-7-1-1 C Corapeake Swamp (Jones Millpond) PAS50 30-3-2-1-1 C Sw Cow Creek PAS54 30-1-2-2-5-1-1 C Sw Great Creek PAS54 30-2-7 SC Hunting Creek PAS54 30-2-10 ` Sc Indiantown Creek and all interconnecting PAS54 30-2-1 C Sw canals Intracoastal Waterway PAS54 30-2-5-1 SC Joyce Creek PAS50 30-3-2-2 C Sw Little Broad Creek PAS54 30-2-15 SC Mill Dam Creek PAS50 30-3-13-3-(2) SB North River PAS50 30-2 SC North River PAS54 30-2 SC Pasquotank River PAS50 30-3-(7) SC Pasquotank River PAS50 30-3-(12) SB Pasquotank River PAS50 30-3-(15) SC Portohonk Creek and connecting canals PAS50 30-3-14 C Sw Raymond Creek PAS50 30-3-17 C Sw Raymond Creek PAS54 30-3-17 C Sw Run Swamp Canal and all interconnecting PAS54 30-2-1-1 C Sw canals Sawyers Creek PAS50 30-3-6 C Sw Source: NC Division of Water Quality. 55 r_ -----__- ....�. ___ .... �.. _._... , . Subbasin CURRITUCK ✓ �� 03-01-50 COUNTY M j ° \II f , r South Mills 17 Subbasin __--__ 03-01-54 ��` • PASQUOTANK 343 a COUNTY �. 14\S Camden - - - --- - PERQUIMANS COUNTY Perquimans :) 0 5 Miles Albemarle Sound ; Map 9 Carden County Land Use Plan NC Division of Water Quality Classified Creeks & Ditches r Legend • Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 OCamden County NC Surrounding Counties Fishenes Nursery Areas ** • Submerged Aquatic Vegetation *** �•,� Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas Hydrology Creeks & Ditches N1. Areneuse Creek �Vv 2. Broad Creek 3. Corapeake Ditch 4. Cow Creek N5. Great Creek N6. Hunting Creek 7. Indiantown Creek and all interconnecting canals 8. Joyce Creek N9. Little Broad Creek 10. Mill Dam Creek N11. Portohonk Creek and connecting canals 12. Raymond Creek N13. Run Swamp Canal and all interconnecting canals N14. Sawyers Creek ' The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. There are no Fisheries Nursery Areas; Primary, Permanent Secondary, Special Secondary located in the waters of Camden County. Source: NCDENR *' There are no beds of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in Camden County Source: NCDENR The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 56 All of Camden County is located within the Pasquotank River Basin. The county is located within two subbasins, 03-01-50 and 03-01-54. The boundaries of these subbasins are included on all county -wide maps within this plan. The county occupies 6.7% of the Pasquotank River Basin's total area. vii. PrimaryNursery Areas and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation The Albemarle Sound, Pasquotank River (Raymond Creek, Portohonk Creek, Areneuse Creek, Joyce Creek, Sawyers Creek, etc.) and North River (Wading Gut Creek, Broad Creek, Hunting Creek, Back Landing Creek, Public Creek, Great Creek, Indiantown Creek, etc.) are extremely important to fisheries production and support significant commercial and recreational fisheries. The above listed areas are documented spawning and nursery areas for blueback herring and alewife. These areas also function as nursery areas for spot, croaker, weakfish, flounder, striped bass, white perch, yellow perch, blue crabs and other commercially and recreationally important species (refer to Map 9). Broad Creek was designated as an Inland Primary Nursery Area by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission in 1990. This designation was based on established criteria and sampling conducted by DMF. The North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission (MFC) has adopted definitions in rule for anadromous spawning and nursery areas. Anadromous fish spawning areas are those areas where evidence of spawning of anadromous fish has been documented by direct observation of spawning, capture of running ripe females, or capture of eggs or early larvae [NCAC 15A 31.0101 (20) (C)]. Anadromous fish nursery areas are those areas in the riverine and estuarine systems utilized by post -larval and later juvenile anadromous fish [NCAC 15A 31.0101 (20) (D)]. Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is found in waters that border Camden County. SAVs are an important habitat utilized by finfish and invertebrates. Beds of SAV are one of the critical habitat types defined by MFC [NCAC 15A 31.0101 (20) (A)]. Wetlands are of great importance to fisheries production serving as sources of biological productivity, directly and indirectly, nursery areas and reducing sedimentation/turbidity to improve water quality. 57 2. Environmental Composite Map The environmental composite map (Map 10) is a requirement under the new CAMA Land Use Planning guidelines. This map is intended to work in conjunction with the Land Suitability Maps discussed earlier in this plan and should be utilized for future land use map impact analysis (see Future Land Use Map, page 187). The Environmental Composite Map breaks down land masses within the county into three different categories based on natural features and environmental conditions. The categories utilized are as follows: Class I — Land that contains only minimal hazards and limitations that can be addressed by commonly accepted land planning and development practices. Class 1 land will generally support the more intensive types of land uses and development. Class II — Land that has hazards and limitations for development that can be addressed by restrictions on land uses, special site planning, or the provision of public services, such as water and sewer. Land in this class will generally support only the less intensive uses, such as low density residential, without significant investment in services. Class III - Land that has serious hazards and limitations. Land in this class will generally support very low intensity uses, such as conservation and open space. The Environmental Composite Model was prepared in a similar fashion to the Land Suitability Maps. An overlay analysis was performed, breaking the county into one acre cells utilizing only map layers determined to be environmental factors. The layers used, and their assigned classes, are outlined in Table 30. - 58 MAP 10 1 Subbasin 03-01-50 South Mills l 11%.—.--� 5 0 5 10 Miles I Albemarle Sound I Camden County Land Use Plan Environmental Composite Map Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 1 I � Subbasin Boundary Hydrology Environmental Composite Class I • Class II Class III * The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 59 Table 30 Camden County Environmental Composite Map Layers Layer Class 1 Class If Class III Coastal Wetlands ✓ Exceptional or Substantial Non -Coastal Wetlands ✓ Beneficial Non -Coastal Wetlands ✓ Estuarine Waters ✓ Soils with Slight or Moderate Septic Limitations ✓ Soils with Severe Septic Limitations ✓ Flood Zones ✓ Storm Surge Areas ✓ HQW/ORW Watersheds ✓ Water Supply Watersheds ✓ Significant Natural Heritage Areas ✓ Protected Lands ✓ Fora given cell, the computed value of the cell will be determined by the highest class theme that contains the cell For example, if a cell is in a coastal wetland (Class I11) and in a storm surge area (Class 11) and intersects a soil with a slight or moderate septic limitation (Class 1), the. cell value will be Class 111. In other words, if a cell does not meet the criteria for Class I11, but qualifies as Class 11, it has Class 11 for a value. if a cell does not qualify for either Class III or Class 11, then it is Class I by default. This order enables the modeler to leave out themes that are not associated with Classes II or III to simplify the model (yielding the same results). The resulting Environmental Composite Map is similar to the Land Suitability Maps in that Class III areas are consistent with the Least Suitable category and the Class I areas are related to the Most Suitable areas. The primary difference is the absence of infrastructure in the Environmental Composite Map that heightens the emphasis on environmental sensitivity and relative land conservation value. The Future Land Use Map reflects the Class 1, 11, and III criteria. 60 Table 31 provides a summary of the land use acreages by class for the county as a whole as well as by subbasin. Table 31 Camden County and Subbasins Land Use Acreage by Class Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 Camden County Class I 6,966 0 6,966 Class 11 44,000 13,946 57,946 Class 111 60,914 24,731 85,665 TOTAL 111,880 38,677 150,557 Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. 3. Environmental Conditions (Water Quality, Natural Hazards, and Natural Resources) The Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan was approved and endorsed by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission in July, 2002, and will be used as a guide bythe NC Division of Water Quality. The following are the goals of DWQ's basinwide program: • Identify water quality problems and restore full use to impaired waters; • Identify and protect high value resource waters; • Protect unimpaired waters while allowing for reasonable economic growth; • Develop appropriate management strategies to protect and restore water quality; • Assure equitable distribution of waste assimilative capacity for dischargers; and • Improve public awareness and involvement in the management of the state's surface waters. As existing and future land use is considered in Camden County, these goals should be kept in mind. 61 Within the Pasquotank River Basin, Camden County is located primarily in subbasin 03-01-50 on the west and partially in subbasin 03-01-54 to the east. The Pasquotank River Basin boundaries and subbasin boundaries are shown on Map 11. It should be noted that currently there are no outstanding resource waters or high quality waters located in Camden County. The following provides a summary of existing conditions in both subbasins and the DWQ recommendations from the 2002 Basinwide Plan: a. Subbasin 03-01-50 This subbasin consists of the Pasquotank River and its tributaries in Camden, Pasquotank, and Gates counties. The headwaters of the Pasquotank River include freshwater in the Great Dismal Swamp. Southward, a significant portion ofthe waters in this subbasin is brackish estuarine, including Albemarle Sound and the Pasquotank River below Elizabeth City. This subbasin includes the Great Dismal Swamp Wildlife Refuge and portions of the Great Marsh. In addition, the subbasin has Significant Natural Heritage Areas near the mouth of the Pasquotank River. Table 32 Subbasin 03-01-50 Description Land and Water Total area: 454 miZ Land area: 390 miZ Water area: 64 miZ Population Statistics 1990 Est. pop.: 31,369 people Pop. density: 80 persons/miZ Land Cover Forest/Wetland: 46% Surface Water: 18% Urban: <1 % Cultivated Crop: 34 % Pasture/Managed Herbaceous: 1 % There are seven permitted dischargers in the subbasin. The Elizabeth City WWTP is the only major discharge, which discharges into the Pasquotank River. Also, there are 15 general permits. Two facilities, the Elizabeth City Wastewater Treatment Plant and the US Coast Guard, are required under permit to perform whole effluent toxicity testing in the subbasin. The Elizabeth City WWTP experienced problems during 1997, and the causes of their toxicity testing failures are not clear. Since September 1997, the facility has not failed a test. There is one individual storm water permit issued in the subbasin for Universal Forest Products Eastern Division, Inc. 62 o44 cCape Hafleras •M.IW S x ba •� �. `o dC� ` p GQ o a ycJl�a. [ O Qacr •` 94 Qi Ir " '1,r' ... - -- 9'dt?!." • o J tili .• L �. J O04 v / {S N rN 41 6 4 �,, '� ; .:•. � M .�., i. /• ( i Imo••" � ca m O C T fn 13 12 rn m n OI m '•�..�� ti U S C7 � '� 000 M lD 2002 Recommendations: DWQ recommends that Elizabeth City decide whether they wish to use the Pasquotank River as a raw water supply source. If Elizabeth City decides not to use the Pasquotank River as a raw drinking water supply source, then the river could be reclassified for non -water supply use. In order for DWQ to consider the reclassification, a request for the reclassification must be submitted to DWQ. If this change were made, the water quality controls in this area would be less stringent, resulting in a more favorable situation for overall development. As of April 2002, DWQ has not received any requests from Elizabeth City. Until then, Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County, and Camden County are required to implement water supply watershed protection ordinances that meet or exceed the state's rules. The 2002 Basinwide Plan indicates that the Division of Water Quality's Regional Office has identified numerous algal blooms near the canals of Areneuse Creek. The contributing sources include increased land development. The Division of Water Quality will continue to monitor the creek and evaluate the potential impacts of these blooms. b. Subbasin 03-01-54 This subbasin consists of Currituck Sound and the North River and its tributaries in Currituck and Camden counties. DWQ did not conduct benthic macroinvertebrate, fish community, fish tissue or ambient sampling in this subbasin. Therefore, there is currently little information on water quality status in subbasin 03-01-54. DWQ relies on information from the Division of Environmental Health, local water treatment plant operators, and county health departments for this subbasin. This subbasin contains multiple public lands and Significant Natural Heritage Areas including several National Wildlife Refuges, the Currituck Banks National Estuarine Research Reserve, Northwest River Marsh Game Land, North River Game Land, and portions of the Great Marsh. Table 33 Subbasin 03-01-54 Description Land and Water Total area: 503 miZ Land area: 304 miZ Water area: 199 miZ Population Statistics 1990 Est. pop.: 14,653 people Pop. density: 48 persons/miZ Land Cover Forest/Wetland: 39% Surface Water: 39 % Urban: <1 % Cultivated Crop: 20% Pasture/Managed Herbaceous: <1% A portion of this subbasin is located on the Outer Banks, an area of high growth potential. Growth management within the next five years will be imperative in order to maintain good water quality in the subbasin. �1 There are two permitted NPDES dischargers in the subbasin: Currituck County Water Treatment Plant and Corolla North Utilities. Both facilities hold minor permits. No facilities are required under permit to perform whole effluent toxicity testing in the subbasin. There are no NPDES individual storm water permits issued in the subbasin; however, there are 11 general storm water permits issued. 2002 Recommendations: DWQ will continue to monitor the frequency and duration of algal blooms in Currituck Sound. Where necessary, DWQ will use the assistance of the other scientific staff such as Rapid Response Teams to assist in determining the cause of the algal blooms. Upon notification of an algal bloom in the vicinity, DWQ will continue to immediately provide the information to the public. DWQ should collaborate with the National Oceanic and Atomospheric Administration's Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Research efforts to monitor the status of the submerged aquatic vegetation in the area. Where feasible, DWQ should allocate funding and technical assistance toward the initiative. DWQ will continue to provide information to the US Army Corps in their efforts to undertake a Scoping Study of Currituck Sound. Pending budget flexibility, DWQ will allocate funding towards future collaboration efforts with the US Army Corps. C. Registered Animal Operations/Population Densities within Pasquotank River Basin Table 34 provides a summary of registered animal operations for subbasins 03-01-50 and 03-01-54. Table 34 Camden County Registered Animal Operations Cattle Poultry Swine Total Steady Total Steady Total Steady No. of No. of State Live No. of No. of State Live No. of No. of State Live Subbasin Facilities Animals Weight* Facilities Animals Weight! Facilities Animals Weight! 03-01-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5,455 634,940 03-01-54 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 23,978 3,463,611 Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 29,433 4,098,551 'Steady State Live Weight (SSLW) is the result, in pounds, after a conversion factor has been applied to the number (head count) of swine, cattle, or poultry on a farm. The conversion factors, which come from the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) guidelines, vary depending on the type of animals on the farm and the type of operation (for example, there are five types of hog farms). Since the amount of waste produced varies by the size of the animal, SSLW is the best way to compare the sizes of the farms. Source: Pasquotank Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan. 65 Table 35 provides population densities for the Pasquotank River Basin. In using these data, it should be noted that some of the population figures are estimates because the census block group boundaries do not generally coincide with subbasin boundaries. The census data are collected within boundaries such as counties and municipalities. By contrast, the subbasin lines are drawn along natural drainage divides separating watersheds. Therefore, where a census block group straddles a subbasin line, an estimate is made on the percentage of the population that is located in the subbasin. This is done by simply determining the percentage of the census block group area located in the subbasin and then taking that same percentage ofthe total census block group population and assigning it the subbasin. Use of this method necessitates assuming that population density is evenly distributed throughout the census block group, which is not always the case. However, the level of error associated with this method is not expected to be significant for the purposes of this document. It is also important to note that the census block groups change every ten years, so comparisons between years must be considered approximate. Table 35 Pasquotank River Basin Population, Densities, and Land Area Summaries for Camden County Subbasins POPULATION' POPULATION DENSITY' LAND AND WATER AREAS' (Number of Persons) (Persons/Square Mile) Total Land and Water Land SUBBASIN Water Area Area Area 1970 1980 1990 1970 1980 1990 (Acres) (Sq. Mi.) (Sq. Mi.) (Sq. Mi.) 03-01-50 28,271 29,867 31,369 72 77 80 291,066 455 64 390 03-01-54 8,320 12,525 14,653 27 41 48 322,062 503 199 304 TOTALS 36,591 42,392 46,022 99 118 128 613,128 958 263 694 ' Population estimated based on US Census data and percentage of census block that falls within the subbasin. 2 Population density based on land area only. Large wetlands (swamps) not included in area used to calculate density. 3 Information generated by the NC Center for Geographic Information Analysis. Source: Pasquotank Water Quality Management Plan. d. Growth Trends Basinwide, the percentage increase in population from 1980 to 1990 was 16.4 percent, exceeding the statewide increase of 12.7 percent over the same ten-year period. The projected population figures indicate that the majority of the basin is expected to continue to grow at significant rates. The highest levels of growth are expected on the Outer Banks. C. ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Introduction The Division of Coastal Management Land Use Plan Guidelines (15A NCAC 713.0207) require that existing land uses and water uses be mapped. The land and water use maps in conjunction with the existing land suitability map, page 105 and the future land suitability map, page 124 should be utilized as working documents and serve as a basis for the development of the future land use map(s). Specifically, this plan should address the following: • Significant land use compatibility problems; • Significant water use compatibility problems including those identified in any water supply plan appendix and those identified in the applicable Division of Environmental Management basinwide plan; • Significant problems that have resulted from unplanned development and that have implications for future land use, waster use, or water quality; • An identification of areas experiencing or likely to experience changes in predominant land uses, including agricultural and forestry land being converted to other uses and previously undeveloped shoreline areas where development is now occurring; • Significant water quality conditions and the connection between land use and water quality. This is an advanced core plan and specific existing land use discussions are included for the village areas and highway corridor study areas. These discussions are included on pages 77 to 84. 2. Land Use in Relation to Water Quality This section will serve to take a closer look at how land use in Camden County relates to water quality. This section has been compiled with information provided by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Under the Basinwide Management Program, the DWQ completes Basinwide Water Quality Plans. 67 Basinwide water quality planning is a non -regulatory, watershed -based approach to restoring and protecting the quality of North Carolina's surface waters. Preparation of a basinwide water quality plan is a five-year process, which is broken down into three phases. While these plans are prepared by the DWQ, their implementation and the protection of water quality entails the coordinated efforts of many agencies, local governments, and stakeholder groups in the state. The first cycle of plans was completed in 1998, but each plan is updated at five-year intervals. It should be noted that the results of the monitoring efforts are not intended to provide precise conclusions about pollutant budgets for specific watersheds. Since the assessment methodology is geared toward general conclusions, it is important not to manipulate the data to support policy decisions beyond the accuracy of the data. Two primary methods of water quality testing were performed in Camden County. The details of this methodology are described below so that the information on the results of this testing can be better understood. The methods utilized were Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring and the Ambient Monitoring System. DWQ also observes water bodies for the existence of algal blooms, which are an indication of poor water quality. Benthic macroinvertebrates are organisms, primarily aquatic insect larvae, which live in and on the bottoms of rivers and streams. The use of macro invertebrate data has proven to be a reliable water quality monitoring tool because most macro invertebrates are immobile and sensitive to subtle changes in water quality. Benthic communities also respond to, and show the effects of, a wide array of potential pollutant mixtures. The Ambient Monitoring System (AMS) is a network of stream, lake, and estuarine (saltwater) water quality monitoring stations (about 420 statewide) strategically located for the collection of physical and chemical water quality data (or parameters). Water quality parameters are arranged by freshwater or saltwater water body classification and corresponding water quality standards. Under this arrangement, Class C waters (refer to page 54 for a description of water . quality classifications) are assigned minimum monthly parameters with additional parameters assigned to waters with classifications such as trout waters and water supplies. Prolific growths of phytoplankton, often due to high concentrations of nutrients, sometimes result in "blooms" in which one or more species of alga may discolor the water or form visible mats on the water's surface. Blooms may be unsightly and deleterious to water quality causing fish kills, anoxia, and taste and odor problems. 68 This subbasin consists primarily of the Pasquotank River Basin and its tributaries in Camden, Pasquotank, and Gates counties. Land use is mostly cropland or forest, with the greatest amount of agricultural land use in the southern portion of the subbasin. This land is utilized for row crops, such as cabbage, corn, and soybeans. Most of the development is in the Elizabeth City area; other small urban areas include the villages of Camden and South Mills. Many tributaries have little or no flow in the summer months, and there are few wadeable streams. As noted earlier in this plan, the Elizabeth City Waste Water Treatment Plant is the only major permitted discharger in the subbasin. Streams in this subbasin run through a highly agricultural landscape, but they include both channelized streams and streams with a more natural channel. DWQ has conducted ambient and benthic macro invertebrate sampling in this subbasin. Benthic macro invertebrate data have been collected from five sites in this subbasin since 1995. Two ofthese sites, Areneuse Creek and Sawyers Creek, are located within Camden County, and this data was collected in February of 2000 (the location of these sites can be found on Map 12). The benthic macro invertebrate monitoring sites in this subbasin are currently not rated because criteria for assigning bioclassifications to swamp streams are still in draft form. Mild shifts toward negative water quality were observed at these sites, which are associated to, either agricultural or urban land use. In addition to the indicators present at the monitoring sites, numerous algal blooms have been identified near the canal of Areneuse Creek. These may also be attributed to increased urban development or non -point source runoff from agricultural activity. Map 12 provides a view of the locations of the two benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring sites in the county, and how these sites relate to surrounding land use. Based on the map, it appears the adverse affect on water quality is associated with both increased development and agricultural activity. There has been a significant increase in residential development near Areneuse Creek along South Mills Dam Road. This increase in urban storm water runoff is most likely responsible for the existence of algal blooms in the area. The monitoring station on Sawyers Creek is located upstream from the development taking place within the Village of Camden, and therefore the minor shift in water quality along this stretch may be attributed to agricultural non -point source pollution. Virginia Subbasin I 03-01-50 1 r W- L 5 U �D I U i 0 Ivilleb Map 12 Camden County Land Use Plan Land Use in Relation to Water Quality Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 J Subbasin 03-01-50 Ambient Monitoring Station ® Elizabeth City Water Treatment Plant Benthic Station Creeks NAreneuse Creek NSawyers Creek OPasquotank County Existing Land Use Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Residential Commercial Industrial - Multi -Family Office and Institutional Residential Recreational The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. TIt3 v_..n a IN, rtOC 'gal f .1m N W T+up+ a sae �ma Air n Inr N_ :".1- Cws41IAviereclH.N ni,llhwyhfuHe Lvnw. t.OK' .M120nK b141N.1 . qIX .f IM, % w Mir. is —d by d+s OKce c QYbilM (::esW Wbmw0e 11rt'1y11`Yn1 NWu1sl iAaln C YC +:RC6NKOC A01nI1K:L]M 70 In order to address this problem and alleviate any further degradation of the water quality within the county, several steps may be taken. The county should continue to enforce agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs). Refer to Appendix III and IV. It may be useful to disseminate information on BMPs, or to hold public meetings to discuss how poor management of these practices may affect the long term quality of surface water within the county. Additionally, as development pressure increases within the county, close attention should be paid to storm water control issues. The county should begin working towards developing a successful Storm water Management Program. Under Phase 111 of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Storm water Control Regulations, the county will be required to establish this program. The county should be pro -active in working towards establishing this program, to ensure protection of surface water quality during the planning period. There is only one ambient monitoring station located in the county's jurisdiction, and it is located in this subbasin. The largest impact on this body of water is the urban storm water runoff and WWTP discharge from Elizabeth City (the location of these facilities and the monitoring station can be found on Map 12). There are indications that urban storm water runoff may be adversely affecting water quality in the Pasquotank River. This problem will be addressed in the context of the Elizabeth City storm water control program which is required under Phase II of the EPA's Storm water Control Program. Permits are required to be in place under Phase 11 by May of 2004. Recent testing has indicated that the WWTP in Elizabeth City is not currently having an adverse impact on the water quality in the Pasquotank River. b. Subbasin 03-01-54 This subbasin consists of Currituck Sound, plus the North River and its tributaries in Currituck and Camden counties. Land use in this subbasin is primarily cropland and forest. However, development is increasing rapidly along US 158 and throughoutthe Outer Banks. There has been no recent biological monitoring in this subbasin. The surface waters discussed in this section are fully supporting designated uses or are not rated based on recent DWQ monitoring; however, the data revealed some impacts to water quality. Although no action is required for these streams, voluntary implementation of BMPs is encouraged and continued monitoring is recommended. DWQwill notify local agencies ofwater quality concerns regarding these waters and work with them to conduct further monitoring and to locate sources of water quality protection funding. This subbasin has the potential to undergo a great population increase due to its proximity to Virginia and growing municipalities in the North Carolina portion of the basin. Growth management within the next five years will be imperative in order to maintain good water 71 quality in this subbasin. Growth management can be defined as the application of strategies and practices that help achieve sustainable development in harmony with the conservation of environmental qualities and features of an area. On a local level, growth management often involves planning and development review requirements that are designed to maintain or improve water quality. 3. Land Use The existing land use in Camden County was mapped by a windshield survey conducted by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., and Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates, P.A., on March 11 and 12, 2003. The existing land use is depicted on Map 13 with village areas and highway corridor areas shown on Maps 15 through 18 on pages 80 through 83. Tables 36, 37, and 38 provide approximate land use acreage summaries for the entire county and individually for subbasins 03-01-50 and 03-01-54. Camden County includes 150,557 acres. The majority of the county is located in subbasin 03-01-50 which includes approximately 74.3% of Camden County. In the entire county and in each subbasin, the majority of the land is utilized as agricultural/open space/low density residential, 79.15%. The second largest land use in Camden County is recreational which in the county as a whole includes 25,472 acres, or 16.92% of the county. However, it should be noted that this includes the Great Dismal Swamp area. Table 36 Camden County Total Acreage Land Use Parcels Acreage by Land Use % of Total Acreage Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Res` 3,679 119,164 79.15% Commercial 64 122 0.08 % Multi -family*' 2 40 0.03% Office & Institutional 53 1,029 0.68% Residential* 2,410 3,349 _ 2.22% Recreational 11 25,472 16.92% Industrial 3 1,381 0.92% Total 6,222 150,557 100.00% *Low density residential includes areas where residential density is primarily one acre per dwelling unit or greater. "There is no assumption of density. This category includes parcels where there are more than one dwelling unit per parcel. 'Residential includes areas where residential density is primarily less than one acre per dwelling unit. Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003). 72 Subbas 03-01-5 01 South Mills f Albemarle Sound 1 - - - - - - - - 5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles Map 13 Camden County Land Use Plan Existing Land Use Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 Hydrology Existing Land Use A/OS/LDR c ----_. MF O&1 R Rec " The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. N '11, —,,T E S lIH MCe Mw of ffi n•nC -v9v MefCBa M Mt pimu9+ a 3�au �vaeT. a v: NMh :: m�ddNsn�Cr.rrk+lirv,wall�ar �� OY :N =OaNM love NcACI d la 1dT2 ai n C.w O aK 06ce r O dn3atll:k t--A �I±�- NvauW wmc anf n:Tecalwe .Wnww�x>. 73 Table 37 SUBBASIN 03-01-50 ACREAGE (Percentage of county in subbasin -- 74.3%) Land Use Parcels Acreage by Land Use % of Total Acreage Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Res* 2,962 84,759 75.76% Commercial 61 97 0.09% Multi -family** 2 40 0.03 % Office & Institutional 52 906 0.81 % Residential'*" 2,091 2,812 2.51 % Recreational 8 23,266 20.80% Industrial 0 0 0.00% Total 5,176 111,880 100.00% *Low density residential includes areas where residential density is primarily one acre per dwelling unit or greater. "There is no assumption of density. This category includes parcels where there are more than one dwelling unit per parcel. ***Residential includes areas where residential density is primarily less than one acre per dwelling unit. Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003). Table 38 SUBBASIN 03-01-54 ACREAGE (Percentage of county in subbasin -- 25.791o') Land Use Parcels Acreage by Land Use % of Total Acreage Agricultural/Open Space/Low Density Res* 700 34,405 88.95% Commercial 3 25 0.07% Multi -family" 0 0 0.00% Office & Institutional 6 123 0.32% Residential*** 331 537 1.39% Recreational 3 2,206 5.70% Industrial 3 1,381 3.57% Total 1,046 38,677 100.00 % *Low density residential includes areas where residential density is primarily one acre per dwelling unit or greater. "There is no assumption of density. This category includes parcels where there are more than one dwelling unit per parcel. **'Residential includes areas where residential density is primarily less than one acre per dwelling unit. Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003). Clearly the majority of Camden County is agricultural/open space/low density residential. Most development within the county has been concentrated in or near the communities of South Mills, Shiloh, Old Trap, Camden and along US 158 from the City of Elizabeth City to the Camden Community. There are no incorporated communities within Camden County. 74 ' Since the preparation of the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan, the extension of water and. sewer services by Elizabeth City across the Pasquotank River to serve properties along US 158 has accelerated growth. This area has been the most rapidly developing primarily non-residential area within the county. However, there has also been significant condominium development since 1993. In residential development, both the Camden and South Mills townships are experiencing significant growth. It should be noted that waterfront development is rapidly increasing, especially in the Camden Township. However, very little development activity is occurring in the Shiloh Township. Table 39 provides a summary of the Camden County building permits issued from January 1999, through May 2004. Table 39 Camden County Building Permits —January, 1999 to May 31, 2004 BUILDING PERMITS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 New Single -Family Development 78 64 95 157 186 75 Mobile Homes Class A 25 28 27 24 9 9 Class B 8 13 9 10 11 5 Modular 1 1 5 6 5 8 Others 69 69 90 64 11 0 TOTALS 181 175 226 261 222 97 Source: Camden County Building Inspector's Office. It should be noted that there are currently no major subdivisions that have received final plat approval but not developed. There are limited land use compatibility problems within Camden County. This is primarily because of the low density of development. However, the following provides a summary of the problems that exist: • There has been some platting and development of subdivisions on unsuitable soils and construction in floodplain areas, including primarily undeveloped subdivisions in the Camden Point area. • Strip commercialization/development is occurring between Camden and the Pasquotank River along US 158. 75 • Increasing residential development, especially in the South Mills Township, is infringing on agricultural production. • The density of development along NC 343 from Camden to Shiloh is rapidly increasing. • Much future development in Camden County will infringe upon or impact wetland areas. Because of the historically slow rate of growth, there have been no significant problems from unplanned development that have significant implications for future land use, water use, orwater quality. If any, the major development area is the causeway between the Pasquotank River and Camden. As development continues, the impervious surface areas increase, and therefore, stormwater runoff into the adjacent water bodies increases. The subdivided land in the Camden Point area could be a water quality problem. However, this is unlikely because most of the subdivided areas cannot be developed because of wetlands. In the future, .waterfront development should be monitored to control any adverse impacts on water quality. There are two areas of Camden County that are expected to experience changes in predominant land uses. The South Mills Township is experiencing the initial stages of development pressure from the southward growth of the Chesapeake, Virginia area. The four-laning of US 17 north of the North Carolina state line will accelerate this development. The South Mills Township will first become a "bedroom" community for Chesapeake. Then the demand for local services will bring commercial development. It is clear that land use in the South Mills Township will significantly change in the next five to ten years. Secondly, residential development is rapidly increasing in the Courthouse Township south of Camden. This is especially true along the Pasquotank River shoreline. This trend is expected to continue. 4.Historic and Archeological Sites The North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, has indicated that there are 69 known archaeological sites located within Camden County. Information on all archaeological locations is restricted and may not be included in any public document or made available to any individual without the permission of the state archaeologist. Any development projects should be implemented under appropriate historic preservation legislation and in coordination with the Division of Archives and History to avoid damage to valuable archaeological resources. 76 Based on the Division of Archives and History files, there are seven structures located in Camden County which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, three on a study list, and two sites of local significance. Below is a list of those structures and their general location: (1) William Riley Abbott House (South Mills vicinity) - National Register (2) Camden County Courthouse (Camden) - National Register (3) (Former) Camden County Jail (Camden) - National Register (4) Dismal Swamp Canal (Federal Nomination) (South Mills vicinity) - National Register (5) Caleb Grandy House (Belcross) - National Register (6) Lamb-Ferebee House (Camden vicinity) - National Register (7) Milford (Relfe-Grice-Sawyer House) (Camden vicinity) - National Register (8) Burnham House (South Mills Vicinity) - Study List (9) Creekmore Store (Belcross) - Study List (10) Widow's Son Masonic Lodge #75 (Camden) -.Study List (11) Ebenezer Baptist Church, 1850 (South Mills) - Local Significance (12) Marion Anderson High School (former Black High School, currently Camden Middle School) (Camden vicinity) - Local Significance Map 14 depicts the locations of the historic sites. 5. Community/Highway Corridor Areas a. Introduction The anticipated development in Camden County in the next five to ten years is expected to occur in the following seven areas: • Camden Community • Shiloh Community • South Mills Community • Highway 343 Corridor South • Highway 343 Corridor North • Highway 17 Corridor • Highway 158 Corridor 77 Subbas 03-01-5 South Mills 0 N Camden Shiloh O 5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles iiiiiiiim Subbasin )3-01-54 343 r �_R 71 1 _ � 343 ' 9�0 O � C) O0 /'p• I I Albemarle Sound Map 14 Camden County Land Use Plan Historical Sites Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 f 1 Subbasin 03-01-50 OCamden County Hydrology Historical Sites • ' Burnham House O * Creakmore Store O ' W idow's Son Masonic Lodge O " Caleb Grandy House • " Camden County Courthouse O " Camden County Jail (former) m " Lamb- Ferebee House O " Milford (Relfe-Grice-Sawyer) House O " William Riley Abbott House O — Ebenezer Baptist Church O — Marion Anderson High School (former) Dismal Swamp Canal * North Carolina Divison of Archives Study List *" National Register of Historical Places "* Sites of Local Significance * The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. lIH Dr0[9'Ll1VP V! Ne rtaBP AParAW Irl pit _ ^wial lAer.�;mr�rt R»�r, N�vfh Nv�vi n�ue 01"aB ._lliPNGJnd Plc 1(1Pn:M Ott :P '1:+[, fle w��is amiemrtl 1:• Re 1l. Alc� hP � aritl �BiYI fbPVAJ 1•eirPl{I-rvrV. NJiicrl 78 Because ofthis anticipated development, Camden County is focusing on the future growth of these areas. The areas are depicted on Map 15. The community/highway corridor plan areas have been delineated based upon the following: • Physical features including the Land Suitability Analysis Map (Map 23). • Comment from the CAMA Land Use Plan Update Committee. • Consideration of existing and anticipated land use conditions. • Coordination with proposed water and sewer improvements. • Comments received atthe public input/information meetings conducted during the development of the plan. b. Existing Land Use Community/Highway Corridor Areas There are seven community/highway corridor study areas. These include: Camden, Shiloh, South Mills, Highway 343 Corridor South, Highway 343 Corridor North, Highway 17 Corridor, and Highway 158 Corridor. The Highway 343 Corridor North is divided into two areas, one north of Camden and the second south of South Mills. The existing land use acreage for all seven areas is summarized in Table 40. In all seven areas, the predominate land use is agricultural/open space/low-density residential. None of the areas have greater than 1.5% in commercial land use. There is no industrial development located in any of the community/highway corridor areas. Maps 16, 17, and 18 depict detailed land use for the Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills communities which are the areas of the most intensive development. There are limited areas of conflicting land uses. The most serious land use conflicts include: • Strip commercialization along US 158 in the Camden Community. • Development of residential property in agricultural areas in all of the study areas. • Minor infringement of non-residential uses on residential areas in the Camden Community. Developing areas have avoided FragileAreas, Natural Heritage Areas, and Protected Lands. Most waterfront development has occurred in the Highway 343 Corridor South area. 79 Subb; 03-01 l` 1 1 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Miles Map 15 Camden County Land Use Plan Study Areas Le end 9 Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 OSouth Mills Community OCamden Community Shiloh Community Highway 343 South Corridor C) Highway 343 Corridor Highway 17 Corridor Highway 158 Corridor Existing Land Use ,I-; A/OS/LDR r _ C I MF O&I R Rec * The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. Th pr m dlian nl r:ir :nip — 9rnrrz<;d in part ihmupr, a prat p—ced NJ Pro NaM camerae �?�E1alManag— HFmq-1h—ph,,.d,i p—ided cy Me 5deete m, PA-9...11 Aat 01GF1..1 .nr.ed, x.U. i. rdninhln.W L, 9,. OTx �r O—M Ord G0." Raedurw N1.- eM M Nadmel 0—rir ran:. Aw-pLerY:: h:mred Jian. Map 16 Camden County Land Use Plan Camden Community Existing Land Use Legend Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 QCamden County OCamden Community Existing Land Use A/OS/LDR C I MF O&1 R Rec * The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. N E S 0.5 0 0.5 Miles the PWWOW.. cI IM — n fl—CW I! Wd M,gh P gran fr Ie: by the Na h —Iha rrnl I,ta':rglmenl R.,—. ft-gh f.' Pnxri:frd b!•NB CLB9W 2— IJe pr n: Act of 1072. a3 aai.Ned. �di¢n s >Jn,Y;st:cd br r c ORi- 11 L).B 9nd U..W Ft mF;B n16fN18Mw1I. N—M 0'..ic as Al—Ohric AA.,nm"fian. map I I Camden County Land Use Plan Shiloh Community Existing Land Use Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 Shiloh Community Existing Land Use AIOS/LDR C IVIF 0&1 R Rec The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. N W*E S 0.5 0 0.5 Miles the pa,..., of mm —2 — 1—v xrt M—gh B yta tt PlB�Ad.l by Ih. 11-1 1-1". th—ghl 4, p, —J 14—p-5.- Al d 1972. as —t Qm h— Ad.hmnn 9 r RD �--Iljv- RD - Map 18 Camden County Land Use Plan South Mills Community Existing Land Use Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 N Subbasin 03-01-50 C) South Mills Community Existing Land Use A/OS/LDR C I MF 0&1 O R Rec South Mills falls completely within Subbasin 03-01-50 N E S 0.5 0 0.5 Miles 11'. PEPsxwson or Ire: — — *.l'. , .,t th-gh 9—k r.—d.d by 11b. 11rth r—Im itrd is C_W 3.s. tdaneprnen, A. of 1912. .1 Od'd %.hii,i, is ad—i'lismil by -h- OftT a JZej I all u W, I Table 40 Community/Highway Corridor Study Areas Existing Land Use Land Use Agriculture/Open Space/Low-Density Residential Commercial Multifamily Office & Institutional Residential 'Recreational Total Camden % of Acreage Total Shiloh % of Acreage Total South Mills % of Acreage Total Highway 343 Corridor South % of Acreage Total Highway 343 Corridor North % of Acreage Total Highway 17 Corridor % of Acreage Total Highway 158 Corridor % of Acreage Total 1,491 80.4% 1,469 88.5% 2,447 88.6% 8,354 87.3% 1,972 94.8% 5,607 80.8% 206 96.7% 35 1.9% 5 0.3% 35 1.3% 19 0.2% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 39 2.1 % 0 0.0% 1 0.1 % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 138 7.5% 9 0.6% 17 0.6% 463 4.8% 0 0.0% 1,168 16.8% 0 0.0% 104 5.6% 180 10.8% 260 9.4% 735 7.7% 108 5.2% 164 2.4% 7 3.3% 47 2.5% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1,854 100.0% 1,663 100.0% 2,760 100.0% 9,571 100.0% 2,080 100.0% 6,939 100.0% 213 100.0% NOTE: All study areas fall into subbasin 03-10-50 with the exception of Highway 343 Corridor South and Highway 158 Corridor. The Highway 343 Corridor South has 77% in subbasin 03-10-50 and 23% in subbasin 03-10-54. The Highway 158 Corridor has 30% in subbasin 03-10-50 and 70% in subbasin 03-10-54. Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., April 2003. 84 D. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES This discussion of community facilities/services includes: transportation, health care, law enforcement, fire/rescue services, administration, water system, sewage system, solid waste, schools, recreation, electric/natural gas services, and telephone/internet services. The existing community facilities section will have an impact on Section V (G), Future Demands, page 118 and Section V1, Plan for the Future, page 134. The county's growth management plan is discussed in the water and sewer sections. Map 19 provides a listing and location of all facilities owned and operated by Camden County and the State of North Carolina. 1. Transportation There are three major routes running through Camden County— US 17, US 158, and NC Highway 343. US 17 enters Camden County at the North Carolina/Virginia state line and continues south through the northwest portion of the county into Pasquotank County. This highway is four lanes to facilitate volumes of traffic heading south from Virginia. US 158 runs east/West between Pasquotank and Currituck counties. NC 343 runs north/south through the county, connecting South Mills with Shiloh. Another significant highway is NC 34. According to the North Carolina Department ofTransportation, Camden County has a total of 205 miles of roads of which 186 miles are paved. The 19 miles of unpaved roads are all secondary roads. Out of the total miles of paved roads, approximately 25% are primary roads and 75% are comprised of secondary roads. The Average Daily Traffic Count along US 158 is by far the highest in the county. Another high volume traffic area is along US 17. Map 20 depicts average daily traffic counts in Camden County. Transportation improvements are discussed on page 125 in the Future Demands section, including US 17 improvements through the Dismal Swamp and improvement to. the NC 343 and US 158 intersection in the Village of Camden. 2. Health Care Camden County residents have access to a wide range of healthcare services which are offered at Albemarle Hospital in Elizabeth City. The regional health care facility serves over 130,000 residents in seven counties. The hospital has 150 beds in operation and is licensed for 182. It is accredited by the joint Commission on Health Care Organizations. 85 Map 19 4 MP�NS 2 '' 3 P SP�NG�F� N� UNION CAMP RD The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. e , , , , Camden County County, State and Federal Facilities 158 o �o l e� \ ` �i 'AL Uar0NR1) i- 18 ROBERTS ST 9" , Albemarle Sound LEGEND 1 Dismal Swamp State Park 2 South Mills Ruritian Building 3 South Mills Water Association Water Department 4 Fire Station 5 South Mills Water Association Water Treatment Plant 6 John E. Ferebee Labor Camp 7 Camden Middle School 8 School Property 9 School Field 10 Administration Building 11 Grandy Elementary School 12 Social Services 13 Post Office 14 County Courthouse 15 Camden Medical Park 16 Camden High School 17 High School Ball Field 18 Camden Shell 19 South Camden Water Plant 20 Frog Marina 21 Shiloh Post Office 22 South Camden Ruritan Club 0 20 2 �co Map 20 — — — — — — — — - A AK Subbasin 03-01-50 c 17 oy 590 South Mills 3000 w 9200 Z 1500 1600 , NNER FARM RD ,1600 S y 9400 Subbasin K< -630 03-01-54 17 y, r 9600 < 2300 3500 1401 11 �:. �_ 11 661 340 - --- - Camden --- -- y J �� `400 , 1800 GeR° 0 200�` p B R a ` 470 4000 " 2500 -- - tip v ICKH � 2 RD Shiloh 2901 RF \ �O �O 1 ' Albemarle Sound _----------- Camden County Land Use Plan Average Daily Traffic Counts 2001 Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 ® Camden County Hydrology 0 ADT Stations Major Roads ' The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 0 5 10 15 20 Miles The following is an overview of the services that the Albemarle Hospital offers: • Urgent and emergency care 0 CT scan Inpatient hospitalization 0 Speech therapy Same day ambulatory surgery Oncology services • _ Mammography 0 Heart and lung center • Physical therapy 0 Infusion suite Occupational therapy 0 Maternity services MRI 0 Rehab services There is one medical practice in Camden County. Albemarle Family Practice is located at 160-C Highway 158 in Camden and is open Monday through Friday. The practice consists of three doctors, one physician's assistant, and one nurse practitioner. 3. Law Enforcement Law enforcement is provided to the entire county by the Camden County Sheriff's Department. The department staffs 13 full-time and two part-time sworn officers. The department operates three separate units: patrol, investigations, and school resource officers. The county Sheriffs Department is located at 117 North 343 in Camden (Courthouse complex). The jail is located in Elizabeth City. It is a tri-county jail with Camden, Pasquotank, and Perquimans counties contributing a percentage of the cost to maintain the facility. The percentage that each county pays is based on the population of the county. Camden County contributes 14% of the cost. The jail has an occupancy of 80. , 4. Fire/Rescue Services Camden County is served by two fire departments and one substation. There are two fire districts: South Mills and Camden -Shiloh. South Mills Fire Department, located at 105 Halstead Street in South Mills, has 20 members. The Camden Fire Department is located at 114 Sawyers Creek Road in Camden, and the Shiloh substation is located at 941 Highway 343 South in Shiloh. The Camden -Shiloh district has approximately 40 members. Pasquotank/Camden Central Communications dispatches E911 calls for the county. The office is located in Elizabeth City. The Insurance Services Office (ISO) of North Carolina has established a grading schedule for rural and municipal fire protection. Individual communities are surveyed by 150 representatives every nine to ten years and the grading process used considers the following: 88 1. Water Supply 39% 2. Fire Department 39% 3. Fire Communications 9% 4. Fire Safety Control 13% A rating of l is the best possible, with the lowest rating of 10 being assigned to areas with essentially no protection. The ratings have a financial impact on property owners because fire insurance premiums depend on the grade or class assigned by the ISO. The ISO rating for South Mills is 6-9s and the ISO rating for Camden -Shiloh is 7-9s. The first number in the sequence represents the rating if a structure is within 1,000 feet of a fire hydrant. The second sequence represents the rating if a structure is beyond 1,000 feet of a fire hydrant. Camden County is served by the Pasquotank/Camden Rescue Squad and the Pasquotank County Ambulance Service. The Pasquotank/Camden Rescue ' Squad is a 68-member volunteer organization. The Pasquotank County Ambulance Service has 23 paid employees. The paid employees work from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Saturday. The volunteers work from 6:00 pm to 6:00 am Monday through Saturday, all day Sunday, and on holidays. The departments share a building and equipment. Five ambulances and four approved First Responder Vehicles are available. Both the rescue squad and the ambulance service work at a paramedic level. They are located at 1114-B North Road Street in Elizabeth City. 5. Administration Camden County has a Board of Commissioners/County Manager form of government. The county currently has 63 full-time and 15 part-time employees. The following list provides a summary of governmental organizations and employees: Table 41 Camden County Employees Full-time Employees Part-time Employees Sheriff- 15 3 Social Services 13 0 Waste Department 8 0 Tax 4 1 Planning 6 2 Register of Deeds 3 0 Administration 3 p 89 Table 41 (continued) Full-time Employees Part-time Employees Buildings & Grounds 2 2 Senior Center 1 1 Finance 2 1 Welcome Center 2 2 Elections 0 2 Extension 4 0 Parks & Recreation 0 1 Total 63 15 Source: Camden County. 6. Water System Residents of Camden County receive water from two entities: the South Camden Water and Sewer District (SCWSD) and the South Mills Water Association (SMWA) Map 21 provides the location of these district facilities. Camden County owns the SCWSD water plant and provides the water to that district. The SCWSD has 1,800 connections in the South Camden area. The SCWSD operates a Reverse Osmosis Plant and maintains two elevated water tanks. One tank is 250,000 gallons and the other tank is 300,000 gallons. The South Mills Water Association (SMWA) is an independent entity. The association provides water to the South Mills Township and the Morgans Corner area of Pasquotank County. The SMWA has 1,990 connections. Those connections are evenly split between the South Mills township customers and the Morgans Corner customers. The association operates a water treatment plant and has two elevated water tanks. The water tank that serves the South Mills township is 100,000 gallons. The other water tank is located in Pasquotank County. There is a portion of the county along the Highway 158 corridor which has been annexed by the City of Elizabeth City. Water service to this area is provided by Elizabeth City. Camden County has an agreement with Currituck County to provide up to a maximum of 200,000 gallons per day atwholesale rates. Additionally, Camden County is interconnected with Elizabeth City; however, water is provided on an emergency basis only. 90 Map 21 CAMDEN COUNTY LAND USE PLAN EXISTING The part Carc through funds provided by Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. r Page 91 North Carolina General Statute (GS 143-355(1)) requires all units of local government that provide or plan to provide public water supply service to prepare a Local Water Supply Plan and to update that plan at least every five years. A local water supply plan is an assessment of a water system's current and future water needs and its ability to meet those needs. The SCWSD and the SMWA updated their Water Supply Plans in 1998. All water supply plan updates were required to be turned in by July 2003 based on water data from the year 2002. Both water districts have updated Local Water Supply Plans currently under review by the Division of Water Resources. Tables 42 and 43 provide summaries of the SCWSD and SMWA water use information included in the updated plans. Table 42 South Camden Water and Sewer District Water Usage Information Average Daily Water Use by Month for 2002 in Millions Gallons Per. Day (MGD) Average Daily Average Daily Average Daily Month Usage Month Usage Month Usage January 0.230 May 0.230 September 0.274 February 0.204 June 0.245 October 0.452 March 0.204 July .0.240 November 0.389 April 0.228 August 0.280 December 0.359 NOTE: New Reverse Osmosis Plant came on line October 1, 2002; began extensive system flushing. 2002 Average Annual Daily Water Use by Type in Million Gallons Per Day (MGD) Type of Use Average Use (MGD) Residential 0.150 Commercial 0.002 Industrial 0.000 Institutional 0.004 Sales to Other Systems 0.000 System Process Water 0.010 Subtotal 0.166 Average Annual Daily Water Use 0.233 Unaccounted for Water 0.067 Total Water Use for 2002 including all purchased water: 84.900 Million Gallons (MG) Average Annual Daily Water Use in 2002: 0.233 Million Gallons Per Day (MGD) 'Preliminary 2002 data; plan under review by Division of Water Resources. Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 92 Table 43 South Mills Water Association Water Usage Information Average Daily Water Use by Month for 2002 in Millions Gallons Per Day (MGD) Average Daily Average Daily Average Daily Month Use Month Use Month Use January 0.234 May 0.262 September 0.276 February 0.240 June 0.282 October 0.299 March 0.244 July 0.291 November 0.240 April 0.279 August 0.281 December 0.246 2002 Average Annual Daily Water Use by Type in Million Gallons Per Day (MGD) Type of Use Average Use (MGD) Residential 0.215 Commercial 0.000 Industrial 0.000 Institutional 0.000 Sales to Other Systems 0.000 System Process Water 0.000 Subtotal 0.215 Average Annual Daily Water Use 0.215 Unaccounted for Water 0.000 Total Water Use for 2002 including all purchased water: 78.601 Million Gallons (MG) Average Annual Daily Water Use in 2002: 0.215 Million Gallons Per Day (MGD) *Preliminary 2002 data; plan under review by Division of Water Resources. Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 7. Sewage System Camden County residents rely upon individual septic tanks for sewage disposal. However, the county is in the design stage of the Camden Village Core Project, a $6.6 million sewer project. This is being done in conjunction with the county's growth management plan which is the county's plan for water and sewer systems development. This document is a facility strategy plan and not a formal policy document. The project, approved on February 3, 2003, will provide sewer along the US Hwy 158 commercial corridor, to three schools, and to the county administrative 93 complex. The project is scheduled to be completed in July, 2006. Map 21 on page 91 provides the location of existing waterlines in Camden County as of January 2003. 8. Solid Waste Camden County does not have any commercial or residential curbside pickup for solid waste. The county does have three convenience centers located throughout the county for waste disposal. These convenience centers are located to the north of the county near South Mills, to the south near Shiloh, and central Camden County near Camden. The convenience centers have facilities for the disposal of all waste including recyclables, household waste, yard waste, used oil and oil filters, and tires. The following provides the exact location of the convenience centers within Camden County: Shiloh 303 Wickham Road Hours of Operation - Monday, Wednesday, Saturday 7-7 and Sunday 12-7 South Mills -1564 North Highway 343 Hours of Operation — Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday 7-7 and Sunday 12-7 Camden 102 Water Plant Road (off Chantilly Road) Hours of Operation — Monday through Saturday.7-7 These convenience centers are contracted outto Waste Industries. All receptacles and equipment located at the convenience centers is the property of Waste Industries. The centers are also manned by Waste Industries personnel. Once waste is delivered to the convenience centers, it is then forwarded to the Pasquotank Solid Waste Transfer Station. From this transfer station, the waste is hauled to the Bertie County Landfill. Camden County pays Waste Industries by the haul to maintain the convenience centers. Used tires are also collected at the convenience centers, but are not disposed of by Waste Industries. Carolina Tire Disposal has a truck on site; when this truck is full, the tires are removed and disposed of. The total solid waste tonnage generated by Camden County for FY2002 was 3,148. The county also generated 240 tons of recyclables. The following table provides a breakdown of the recycled goods. 94 Table 44 Recycled Solid Waste Tonnage Recyclable Tonnage Mixed Glass 22.5 Mixed Plastic 17.4 White Goods 65.9 Newsprint 80.1 Cardboard : 54.0 Total 239.9 Source: NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 9. Schools The Camden County School System oversees all public schools providing service to Camden County citizens. During school year 2003-2004, total enrollment at the county's three schools was 1,582.• Table 45 provides a summary of enrollment and facilities for each of the county's schools. Table 45 Camden County Schools Current Renovation - School Enrollment Capacity Recreational Facilities Projects (in dollars) Camden County 457 510 Gym, athletic fields $3,000,000 High School (9-12) (football, softball, baseball) Camden Middle 405 504 Gym, athletic fields $7,000,000 School (6-8) (football, softball, baseball) Grandy Primary 720 687 Gym (multipurpose room) None School (K-5) Source: Camden County Schools. There are no private schools located in Camden County. There are two regional colleges located in close proximity to Camden County. Elizabeth City State University (ECSU) is a four year college located in Elizabeth City. ECSU is part of the NC University system. A wide variety of liberal arts degree programs are offered at the university. College of the Albemarle (COA) is also located in 95 Elizabeth City. COA is part of the NC Community College System. COA primarily offers technical and continuing education courses. East Carolina University (ECU) is another regional option for higher education. ECU is located roughly 100 miles from Camden County. 10. Recreation Camden County operates one public park. This park is located in central Camden County along Highway 343. The park contains the following facilities: three lighted ball fields, basketball courts, tennis courts, and playground equipment. All of the ball fields located at the park are utilized for little league and girls softball. Camden County does not have a Parks and Recreation Department. The only recreational program offered within Camden County is Babe Ruth little league baseball and softball. This program is not sponsored by the county, but all games are played at county facilities. Camden County's residents rely on the Pasquotank County recreation facilities. The county makes an annual contribution to the Pasquotank County Parks and Recreation Department. This contribution entitles all Camden residents to use all recreational facilities and programs offered within Pasquotank County. A wide variety of recreational facilities are offered by Pasquotank County. - The county operates a public boat access ramp located in northern Camden County along Highway 343. This ramp provides access to the Dismal Swamp. There are plans to construct a second public boat access to the south near Shiloh. The Dismal Swamp Canal Visitor Center, opened in 1989, is the first Visitor/Welcome Center built off an interstate in North Carolina and the only such facility in the country greeting visitors by both a major highway and an historic waterway. Located in Camden County on US Highway 17, the Center sits on the banks of the Dismal Swamp Canal, part of the Intracoastal Waterway. Facilities include clean restrooms open 24 hours a day, picnic tables, and grills. Expansion plans include the addition of the Dismal Swamp Canal Trail. This multi -purpose asphalt surface trail, 4.5 miles in length, will extend from the Visitor Center to the village of South Mills, along the Dismal Swamp Canal. On the west side of the Dismal Swamp Canal is the 14,433-acre Dismal Swamp State Natural Area. Plans call for the construction of a 5,800 square foot building which will house office space, exhibits, an auditorium, and a classroom. The State Natural Area will also provide a boardwalk in the swamp with nature trails extending off the boardwalk. Future plans include walk-in 96 primitive camping and hiking. The State Natural Area will employ six permanent full-time employees, two rangers, two maintenance persons, an office assistant, and five to six seasonal employees. 11. Electric, Natural Gas, Telephone a. Electric Electric Service is provided byAlbemarle Rural Electric Co-op and North Carolina Dominion Power. b. Natural Gas Natural Gas is currently available within the county primarily along Highway 343 near Camden. Eastern NC Natural Gas provides this service, and has plans to extend this service further into the county. C. Telephone Sprint Telecommunications provides telephone service to the entire county. d. Internet Service Several companies support access numbers for dial -up internet service in the county. However, the entire county does not have internet access. 12. Storm Water Management a. Introduction Storm water discharges are generated by run-off from land and impervious areas such as paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops during rainfall and snow events. They often contain pollutants in quantities that can adversely affect water quality and create flooding problems. When roads, parking lots, sidewalks, homes, and offices replace the natural and permeable landscape, rainfall that would once soak into vegetated ground is now available for storm water runoff. As surfaces become more and more impermeable, water simply moves across them. These impermeable surfaces connect to form a storm water super highway. One of the effects of this water super highway is that more and more storm water reaches streams because 97 there is less opportunity for it to infiltrate the ground. Peak flows also increase, transporting runoff from large areas rapidly. Velocities in streams increase causing more erosion potential, and lastly, base flow is lower during dry weather because of a lack of infiltration. Using a traditional analysis, such as the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) storm water model, TR 55, or the United States Corps of Engineers' (USCE) manyversions of HEC, it can be shown that peak flows alone can increase by as much as four times from pre -post development conditions. Flooding is the result of this urbanization. b. Erosion and Sedimentation Erosion and sedimentation have long been recognized as water quality concerns. The North Carolina legislature passed laws to curb sedimentation in 1973; however, sedimentation remains the number one pollutant in NC waters. In the 1990s, the focus of the Piedmont .and Eastern NC watersheds turned towards excess nutrients in surface waters. The excess was due to extensive farming operations in the area. Fertilizers contain nutrients for plants to grow, but if excess fertilizer is inadvertently applied to pavement, these nutrients enter the waters during runoff periods causing harm to water quality. Even proper amounts of applied fertilizer can allow nutrients to enter streams in other ways, such as atmospheric deposition, wildlife and pet waste, and septic system malfunctions. There are numerous ways to reduce pollutant loading. Proper application of fertilizer and proper maintenance of septic systems can reduce loading. Structural devices can also help curb this problem. These structural devices, known as Best Management Practices (BMPs), can be constructed to treat runoff, thereby reducing the amount of pollutant that enters the waterways. These BMPs include wet ponds, storm water wetlands, infiltration trenches, wells, sand filters, bioretention rain gardens, rubble spreaders, riparian buffers, and reinforcing grassy swells. C. EPA Regulations The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun implementation of Phase II of the Storm Water Management Plan. These policies apply to municipalities with populations greater than 10,000'and with densities of 1,000 per square mile. For municipalities that meet these parameters, submittal of a storm water management plan is required. Phase II regulations also apply to entities designated under the 1990 census as a Small MS4 (Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System). MS4's are defined as a publicly -owned conveyance or system of conveyances designed or used for collecting and conveying storm water. MS4's are not combined with sewer and are not part of a publicly -owned treatment facility. Municipally -owned MS4's can include counties, towns, airports, federal properties, hospitals, schools, etc. Small community 98 MS4's are regulated if they discharge into impaired or sensitive US waters. In addition, counties classified as a Tier 4 or Tier 5 county are regulated. At this time, Camden County is not required to meet the new EPA Phase lI Storm Water Management Program regulations. , The EPA has developed guidelines for implementing the Phase II Storm Water Management Program. The storm water pollution problem has two main components: the increased volume and rate of runoff from impervious surfaces and the concentration of pollutants in the runoff. Both components are directly related to new developmental and urbanizing areas. Both components also cause changes in the hydrology and water quality that result in a variety of problems, such as habitat modification, increased flooding, decreased aquatic biological diversity, and increased sedimentation and erosion. Effective management of storm water runoff offers a multitude of possible benefits. Benefits include protection of wetlands and aquatic eco-systems, improved quality of receding water bodies, conservation ofwater resources, protection of public health through flood control, and improved operation and hydraulic characteristics of streams receiving run-off; all of which can cause higher peak flow rates that increase frequency and duration of bank full and sub -bank full flows. Increased occurrences in downstream flooding can also be reduced by lowering base flood levels, such as with traditional flood control methods that rely on the detention of the peak flows. _ They are generally not targeted to the reduction of flooding and in many cases have exacerbated the problems associated with changes in hydrology and hydraulics. The EPA recommends an approach that integrates control of storm water peak flows and the protection of natural channels to sustain physical and chemical properties of aquatic life. The EPA has outlined six (6) steps for the development of BMP's for a storm water management plan. The six steps are as follows: (1) Public Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts (2) Public Involvement and Participation (3) Elicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (4) Construction Site and Storm Water Runoff Control (5) Post -Construction Storm Water Management, and New Development or Redevelopment (6) Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations d. Construction Activities Storm water runoff from construction activities can have a significant impact on water quality, contributing sediment and other pollutants exposed at construction sites. The NPDES. 99 Storm Water Program requires operators of both large and small construction sites to obtain authorization to discharge storm water under a NPDES construction storm water permit. In 1990, the Phase I Storm Water Management Program regulations addressed large construction operations that disturbed five (5) or more acres of land. The NPDES program also addresses small construction activities — those that disturb less than five (5) acres of land — which were included in the Phase 11 final rule. Construction activities that disturb over one (1) acre of land are required to develop and implement a storm water pollution prevention plan specifically designed for the construction site. The development implementations of the plan follow the basic phases listed below:. (1) Site Planning and Design Development Phase (2) Assessment Phase (3) Control Selection/Design Phase (4) CertificationNerification/Approval Phase (5) Implementation/Construction Phase (6) Final Stabilization/Termination Phase e. North Carolina Shoreline Buffering In August of 2000, the State of North Carolina developed a thirty (30) foot buffering rule for all new development in the twenty coastal counties governed by the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). This rule applies to all navigable waters, excluding the ocean, which has previously established setback requirements. The development of this buffer does not restrict the construction of water dependent structures, such as docks and boat ramps. The benefits of the buffering include the following: (1) Flood Control — by reducing the velocity and providing a collection area for storm water runoff and precipitation. Buffers encourage water infiltration into the ground, rather than flooding low-lying areas. (2) Groundwater Recharge —buffers are also beneficial to recharging the ground water supply and promoting ground water flow. (3) Soil Erosion Prevention — vegetated buffers stabilize the soil and reduce sedimentation. (4) Conservation of Coastal Riparian Wildlife Habitats — these natural areas provide breeding, nesting, and habitat, and protect wildlife from predication. Vegetated buffers help increase the diversity of wildlife while providing site for foraging and corridors for dispersal. 100 f. Storm Water Management as Related to Camden County Camden County is a low-lying coastal county in northeastern North Carolina. The southern half of the County forms a peninsula surrounded by the North River, Albemarle Sound, and Pasquotank River. The northern portion of the County is comprised mainly of the Great Dismal Swamp. Elevations in the county range from twenty (20) feet above sea level to sea level. The southeastern quadrant of the County is comprised of a large swamp area bordering the North River. The Pasquotank River as far north as South Mills borders the western portion of the County. Creeks along the western half of the County flowing into the Pasquotank River include Mill Dam Creek, Raymond Creek, Portohonk Creek, Areneuse Creek, Sawyer's Creek, and Joyce's Creek. Approximately 67% of the County is located in flood hazard areas. While the Phase 11 Storm Water regulations address flood problems associated with storm water runoff, Camden County experiences flooding problems due to the lack of ability to drain the County. The flat, low-lying nature of the land slope of the County prevents adequate runoff potential during storms. Low-lying areas in the County present isolated pockets of flooding conditions. Numerous areas in the southern portions of the County are affected by wind tides. Southerly winds -will push waters up from the sounds into these low-lying areas. The stronger the winds, the quicker the water rise. Much of the time the water comes in much faster than it can go out, creating flooding conditions. Rainfall events compound the issue. Areas affected by these wind tides are along NC Highway 343 near Shiloh, areas around NC Highway 343 and Mill Pond Road, all of the area south of Old Trap, and the Indian Town area along Trotman Road. A dike and pump system has been investigated for areas along Goose Creek. Sawyers Creek is a major drainageway for the central portion of the County. Wind tides and rains cause flooding problems along this creek as far inland as Lambs Road and the Belcross area. Drainageway and creek carrying capacities are associated primarily with tail water conditions or a backing -up of water as a result of development and changing drainage way flow_ patterns. Results of this are being seen in the northern portion of the County along the Joyce Creek drainageway. It is thought that large developments north of South Mills are creating too much flow for the Cypress Run and Mill Run creeks which feed into Joyce Creek.Organizations such as Resource and Conservation Development (RC&D) have provided funds to clear and snag creeks. Edna. Creek was recently cleared and snagged but more work is needed due to sedimentation buildup. It may be necessary to acquire easements along these drainage ways for proper maintenance. Refer to Map 22 for existing problem areas with regard to localized storm water flooding. 101 6 0 6 12 Miles 1 1 A Albemarle Sound ; -._—— — — — — —— V Map 22 Camden County Land Use Plan Areas of Potential Storm Water Flooding Legend Subasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 OCamden County Major Roads Hydrology Areas of Storm Water Concern N W E S * The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. n.� o.�ce>aloc or we IraC aw nrnrcea m c*< r_m.l.lre.vsw��,lvr.xrre nc+en�.a.n�� O*W oI i...cinm�nera e7 m. oMQ ?]wnn entl l;:nsYl ndn.'VMB UPYy±nsn. NW.nI tha.nc ant- i:n•ca �raK AU.xtc<%+ 102 New development within the County should address off -site drainage issues by analyzing the downstream conditions of the drainageway. Each project flows to one or more outlets and each outlet makes its way to one of the swamps or surface water bodies within the County. This analysis should also determine adequate water carrying capacity. The USCE HEC analysis can be used to determine drainageway patterns and locate areas where water can cause back up, thus causing flooding. Camden County is typical of other rural areas. Most homes are located on large lots. These are generally one residential unit per acre, with a minimum lot size of 20,000 square feet. Generally, residential runoff does not pose a significant threat to fragile lands or surface waters in the County. The applicable areas of potential stormwater flooding are depicted on the study areas existing land use maps (Maps 15, 16, 17, and 18) and on the study areas future land use maps (Maps 29, 30, 31, and 32). Policies addressing stormwater management in the village/corridor subareas and the county as a whole are identified in the stormwater control policies, page 148. In addition, the growth principles discussed in Section VI.D., page 170 will be implemented in the village/corridor subareas. Nutrient loading of surface waters in the North Pasquotank River through storm water runoff has not generally been a significant problem in the County. The farmers and planners in the County recognize the potential dangers to the surface water area from the fertilizer nutrient loading of the drainage basins. To a great extent, they have initiated the BMP recommendations of the Soil Conservation Service. Flooding is a potential problem in approximately 67% of the County, according to the Floodplain Boundary map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Floodplain areas are essentially located along the shores of the North and Pasquotank Rivers, the Albemarle Sound, and extensive swamp areas in the northern and southern areas of the County. The greatest flood threats to the County are storm surge and wind tides, particularly in the Camden Point area. The County participates in the Federal Flood Insurance Program. In November of 1991, the County adopted a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. The county is currently conducting a drainage study for the various creekwatershed areas with the goal of establishing watershed districts that can generate funds for ongoing maintenance of drainage ditches and tributaries. 103 E. EXISTING LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS A thorough analysis of all impediments to development, as well as existing community facilities, has been completed in the preceding sections. All of these variables factor into suitability for development for a specific piece of property. In order to assess what affect the various man-made and environmental constraints will have on development throughout Camden County, an overlay analysis was performed. This overlay analysis is a GIS-based process geared toward evaluating the suitability of land for development. The procedure is very similar to the practice developed by Ian McHarg, in which geospatial data layers are referenced to each other in an effort to determine what portions of a land mass appear to be the most favorable sites for a specific land use. The overall process utilized Arcview GIS software with the Spatial Analyst extension along with data layers provided by the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA). The analysis takes into consideration a number of factors, including natural systems constraints, compatibility with existing land uses and development patterns, existing land use policies, and the availability of community facilities. The end product of this analysis is a land suitability map that shows underutilized land that is suited or not suited for development (see Map 23). This map can be used as a foundation for the discussion and formation of county -wide land use policy and should be compared to the future land use map (Map 29, page 187) and the future land suitability map (Map 26, page 124). The major difference between the existing and future land suitability maps is that the future land suitability map reflects the impact of the water and sewer systems proposed to be constructed by the county. Land suitability analysis involves the application of criteria to the landscape to assess where land is most and least suitable for development of structures and infrastructure. A computer application is not essential for this analysis, but greatly simplifies the process. There are eight key steps to completing the overlay analysis: (1) Define criteria for the analysis (2) Define data needed (3) Determine what GIS analysis operations should be performed (4) Prepare the data (5) Create a model (6) Run the model (7) Analyze results (8) Refine model as needed 104 5 0 5 Miles � f 1 t Albemarle Sound 1 � a �_— — — — — — — MAP 23 Camden County Land Use Plan Existing Land Suitability Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 1�Subbasin 03-01-50 Existing Land Suitability Least Suitable Low Suitability Medium Suitability High Suitability N E S The blue and orange dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. The provR•aho• of this nap a'r fina—d in part vi—ji, a gin 1 F-0-1 Gy Ihr M.1, Ce Ad Caaelafdana0an•ent Rropam, uroupn wrwa xovecd :the Cpeenl gene VaeeOt 11 Act of'O72. a anended, vAlipA i< edminnkmd M 1he OfR. of Ott:In Jntl <:o;t.es Reap�ne `nan�gemyS Wlorul 0Q ,I t.d Al—pher , Mlrn:,ifwlsrr 105 All of these steps have been completed, and as noted above, the end product is displayed on Map 23. There were no additions or adjustments to the default layer sets and weighting factors provided by the Division of Coastal Management to the county for the existing land suitability analysis map. Prior to producing the map, data was compiled and each data layer in conjunction with criteria was assigned a weight. The county was then divided into one -acre squares. Each of these one -acre squares of land was given a score based on how that respective piece of property related to each data layer. The score for each data layer was multiplied against that given layer's weight. The scores for each layer were added together to determine a suitability rating for that one -acre square of property. The suitability rating falls into four primary categories: least suitable, low suitability, medium suitability, and high suitability. The following table summarizes all data layers used, including the criteria and weight assigned to each layer. Table 46 Land Suitability Analysis Criteria Table Criteria and Rating Least Low Medium High Assigned Layer Name Suitable Suitability Suitability Suitability Weight 0 -2 1 +2 Coastal Wetlands Exclusion* Inside -- Outside — Exceptional & Substantial Exclusion* Inside - Outside -- Non -Coastal Wetlands Estuarine Waters Exclusion* Inside -- Outside -- Protected Lands Exclusion* Inside -- Outside -- Storm Surge Areas Weighted — Inside — Outside 2 Soils (Septic Limitations) Weighted -- Severe Moderate Slight 2 Flood Zones** Weighted -- Inside -- Outside 2 HQW/ORW Watersheds Weighted. — Inside -- Outside 1 Natural Heritage Areas Weighted <500' — >500' 1 Hazardous Substance Weighted — <500' — >500' 1 Disposal Sites NPDES Sites Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1 Wastewater Treatment Weighted -- <500' >500' 1 Plants Discharge Points Weighted - <500' >500' 1 Land Application Sites Weighted -- <500' -- >500' 1 Developed Land Weighted -- >1 mi .5 -1 mi <.5 mi 1 106 Table 46 (continued) Criteria and Rating Least Low Medium High Assigned Layer Name Suitable Suitability Suitability Suitability Weight 0 -2 1 +2 Roads Weighted -- > 1 mi .5 - 1 mi <.5 mi 2 Water Pipes Weighted -- >.5 mi .25 - .5 mi <.25 mi 3 Sewer Pipes Weighted -- >.5 mi .25 -.5 mi <.25 mi 3 *Data layers that are slated as exclusion have a suitability of 0 or 1, meaning that if a specific one -acre piece of property falls within one of these areas, it is automatically considered least suitable for development. **NOTE: October 2004 flood data utilized. Source: NCGIA and CAMA. Overall, land in Camden County is predominantly unsuitable for development. Tables 47, 48, and 49 provide a summary of land suitability acreage based on the results of the overlay analysis. The majority of the land within the county determined to have a high suitability rating is located around the communities of Shiloh, Camden, and South Mills. A large percentage of the land cover within Camden County is comprised of wetlands. Thus, large portions of the county are automatically considered unsuitable for development regardless of how these areas relate to the rest of the factors in consideration. Existing developed areas have not been excluded. Table 47 Camden County Acreage Suitability Acreage % of Total Least Suitable 86,678 57.6 Low Suitability 21,058 14.0% Medium Suitability 23,081 15.3% High Suitability 19,740 13.1% Total 150,557 100.0% Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April, 2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. Table 48 Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage Suitability Acreage % of Total Least Suitable 61,921 55.3% Low Suitability 14,908 13.3% Medium Suitability 18,796 16.8% High Suitability 16,255 14.5% Total 111,880 100.0% Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April, 2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. Table 49 Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage Suitability Acreage % of Total Least Suitable 24,742 64.0% Low Suitability 6,150 15.9% Medium Suitability 4,285 11.1% High Suitability 3,485 9.0% Total 38,662 100.0% Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April, 2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. F. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES_ AND REGULATIONS Camden County has an active seven member Planning Board which works with the County Commission to oversee the county's land use management program. The county currently utilizes Title XV, Chapter 151 of the Camden County Code, adopted January 1, 1998, as the basis for all land use regulation. This Code is a culmination of several stand-alone documents that have been adopted and amended over time. Zoning was originally adopted by the county in 1972. Since that time the Code has undergone several revisions, with major updates taking place in 1993 and 1998, in conjunction with adoption of the Code. The following provides a summary of the county's land use related codes, ordinances, and plans. 108 1. Camden County Code (Title XV, Land Usage) Camden County Code, Title XV, governs all land development within the county. Chapters included in this section are: Chapter 150 — Building Regulations, Construction; Chapter 151 — Unified Development; and Chapter 152 — Watershed Protection. Camden County, adopted its first zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations in 1972. The zoning ordinance underwent significant revisions in 1993, and new subdivision regulations were adopted in 1990, re-enacting portions of the 1972 regulations. Both of these documents were included in the establishment and adoption of the current Camden County Code. Recently the county established community appearance standards that are included in Chapter 151 of the Code. The zoning portion of the Code breaks the county into the following zoning districts. Table 50 Camden County Zoning Districts and Acreage % of Total Type of Development Zoning Category Acreage Acreage Community Core CCD 377 0.25% General Use GUD 110,972 73.71% Highway Commercial HC 1,153 0.77% Light Industrial 1-1 5,237 3.48% Heavy Industrial 1-2 41 0.03% Marine Commercial MC 381 0.25% Neighborhood Commercial NCD 13 0.01% Planned Residential Development PUD 185 0.12% Residential 1 R-1 793 0.53% Residential 2 R-2 4,481 2.98% Residential 3-1 R-3-1 3,027 2.01% Residential 3-2 R-3-2 23,897 15.87 % Total 150,557 100.00% Source: Camden County and Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003). Map 24 can be referenced for the location of these districts. A majority of the county is zoned for General Use. This zoning class was established to allow for very low residential development along with a variety of agricultural uses. The Planning Board reviews all proposed developments and changes to the Code, and forwards their recommendation to the County Commissioners, who ultimately decide on approval. Prior to a hearing by the Planning Board, county staff reviews all proposed developments to assess compliance with all regulations outlined in the Code. In the event of an appeal, variance, or conditional use request, the county has a Board of Adjustment. In addition to zoning and subdivision regulations, the Camden County Code provides guidelines for development and land use in all of the following areas: Streets and Sidewalks Parking Landscaping and Shading Requirements Utilities Open Space and School Sites Supplemental Use Regulations Planned Unit Development Regulations Conditional and Special Use Regulations Floodplain, Drainage, and Storm water Management Regulations Signs 2. North Carolina Building Code Camden County adopted and put into use the North Carolina Building Code in 1982. The county has adopted in their entirety the North Carolina State Building Code, North Carolina Heating Code, North Carolina Electrical Code, and the North Carolina Uniform Residential Building Code. The county's building codes establishes regulations for the following: (1) The location, design, materials, equipment, construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, maintenance, moving, demolition, removal, use and occupancy of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such building or structure; 110 Subbasin 03-01-50 c_ i South Mills L W. 1 � r 1 Albemarle Sound 1 — — — — _ _ _ — — � s 5 0 5 10 15 20 Mile Map 24 Camden County Land Use Plan Zoning Classification Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 Hydrology Zoning 4W Community Core General Use 4W Heavy Industrial Highway Commercial Light Industrial 4W Marine Commercial 40 Neighborhood Commercial 40 Planned Unit Development - Residential ® Residential —� Residential 3-1 Residential 3-2 The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 111 W. 1 � r 1 Albemarle Sound 1 — — — — _ _ _ — — � s 5 0 5 10 15 20 Mile Map 24 Camden County Land Use Plan Zoning Classification Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 Hydrology Zoning 4W Community Core General Use 4W Heavy Industrial Highway Commercial Light Industrial 4W Marine Commercial 40 Neighborhood Commercial 40 Planned Unit Development - Residential ® Residential —� Residential 3-1 Residential 3-2 The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 111 (2) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of plumbing systems consisting of house sewers, building drains, waste and vent systems, hot and cold water supply systems, and all fixtures and appurtenances thereof; (3) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of mechanical systems consisting of heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, fuel burning equipment, and appurtenances thereof; and (4) The installation, erection, alteration, repair, use and maintenance of electrical systems and appurtenances thereof. The county building inspector is designated to enforce all of the county's building regulations. 3. Septic Tank Regulations The District Health Department enforces regulations (Title 10 ofthe North Carolina Administrative Code) which control development density in Camden County. The regulations establish minimum lot sizes and permissible soil conditions for the installation of on -site sewage disposal systems of less than 3,000 gallons. The minimum lot size for septic tank approval in the county is 15,000 square feet for lots served by public water and 20,000 square feet for those using on -site water supplies. These standards are county -wide minimums and are contingent on certain soil conditions and the drainage characteristics of the building site. 4. National Flood Insurance Program Camden County is a participant in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program. Enrollment in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program is initiated by a voluntary agreement between the local jurisdiction and the federal government. It is agreed that if a community implements and enforces measures to reduce the risk from flooding in special flood hazard areas, the federal government will make flood insurance available within the community to mitigate future flood losses. As required by the NFIP, the county has adopted a flood damage prevention ordinance that is included in the UDO. This ordinance assures that the ground floor of all structures located in FEMA-designated 100-year flood zones have a base floor higher than the defined 100-year flood elevation. 112 5. Review of the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan Update Camden County completed a CAMA Land Use Plan that was approved by the Coastal Resources Commission on july 29,1988. In 1993, this plan was updated and was approved on july 29,1994. This document has served as the county's primary land use management guide since 1994. The 1993 Camden County CAMA Land Use Plan included 30 specific implementing actions. Camden County has been extremely successful in implementing the 1993 plan. Therefore, the county believes the 1993 policies have been effective. Of the 30 actions, 27 have either been accomplished or are in progress. These are listed below. The success at implementing the 1993 policies indicates that the policies were. clear and effective. The few which have not been accomplished will be addressed in the policy action section of this plan. This list is a reproduction of the text from the 1993 plan. NOTE: there are duplications in the text of the 1993 plan. The 1993 Land Use Plan land use categories were developed to be consistent with the county's zoning patterns. However, the reader is cautioned that because of the general indication of land use on the 1993 existing land use maps, direct comparison to the zoning map is not possible. ACCOMPLISHED 1. The County will rely on the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management, to regulate development in coastal wetlands and along estuarine shorelines and to protect estuarine waters through the CAMA permitting process. Also, it will rely on the regulations of other state and federal agencies with regulatory authority, as well as on existing local development regulations to mitigate threats to AEC's. 2. The County will monitor development proposals for compliance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and will continue to enforce local land use ordinances. 3. The County will guide development so as to protect historic and potentially historic properties in Camden County and to perpetuate the County's cultural heritage. 4. The Countywill utilize its development controls and will rely on state and federal agencies with jurisdiction to minimize the impact of man-made hazards. 113 5. The County will strictly enforce lot size requirements and rely on the District Health Department to oversee and regulate septic tank installation and operation. The County will consider seeking financial assistance from state and federal agencies to construct sewage facilities to correct critical sewage disposal problems. The County will prepare and adopt an ordinance and management plan as required by the Water Supply/Watershed Protection Act in 1993-94. 6. The County will rely on the Division of Environmental Management to oversee the operation and management of all package treatment plants in the County. The County will support investigations by the District Health Department and North Carolina State University concerning the use of package treatment plants as a method of solving some of the severe sewage disposal problems in several of its communities. 7. The County will rely on existing land use controls to regulate the amount and percentage of building coverage on any developable lot. It may also consider additional regulations to control the amount of impervious surfaces that may be permitted on a building lot and may choose to require drainage plans prior to the approval of major subdivision developments. 8. The County will encourage local farm organizations to maintain on -going educational programs and demonstrations that will keep farmers informed of best management practices and available assistance. 9. The County will rely on local, state, and federal agencies with regulatory authority to regulate marinas, dry stack storage facilities, and floating homes within its borders. 10. The County will continue to enforce the Flood Plain Ordinance and participate in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program. It will rely on the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management to monitor and regulate development in areas up to five feet above mean high water susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss. 11. The County will rely on state and federal agencies with jurisdiction to regulate upland excavation for marina basins. It will encourage such activities in cases where intrusion of marina facilities into a waterway would interfere with the use of the waterway by the general public. 114 12. The County will rely on the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management to monitor and regulate bulkheading activities. 13. The Countywill continue to participate in the regular phase ofthe Federal Flood Insurance Program and to enforce the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Subdivision regulations will be enforced — requiring elevation monuments to be set so that floodplain elevations can be more easily determined. 14. The County will complete the rewrite of its zoning regulations and adopt same in 1993 and will enforce these and other land use regulations to minimize the sacrifice of prime agricultural lands for other uses. 15. The County will enforce its zoning regulations and rely on state permitting agencies to regulate mining activities. 16. The County will enforce its zoning regulations and seek assistance from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to develop additional public accesses and boat ramps. It will rely on state and federal agencies to promote and protect the Great Dismal Swamp, as well as other nursery and habitat areas. 17. The County will continue to encourage the use of best forest management practices. 18. The County will continue to maintain the Industrial Development Committee and seek grant monies to encourage and promote economic and industrial development through advertising, land acquisition, and infrastructure improvements. It will encourage the creation of investment clubs by the private sector to make start-up monies available to new businesses. It will support the recruitment and siting of commercial and industrial establishments in areas already similarly developed and in public or private industrial parks that may develop. It will also encourage the preparation and distribution of materials such as the pamphlet "Camden County, North Carolina — A Great Alternative" which serve to highlight the County's location, transportation system, and proximity to institutions of higher learning. 19. The County will complete the south Camden water system project and encourage the private development of compatible central water systems for new developments through the development review policy. The County will rely on its existing land use and development ordinances to regulate these developments and may amend or modify 115 regulations to encourage or require the provision of central water service to lots or parcels proposed in new developments. The County will investigate, with the Institute of Government, the use of impact fees as a way of making new development pay for the services demanded. The County will continue to provide solid waste disposal, law enforcement, and educational services to all developments in the County at current service levels. 20. The County will complete the review and rewrite of its zoning regulations in 1993. It will enforce zoning regulations and maintain a qualified professional staff and may employ a planner to administer and enforce the regulations necessary for orderly growth and development. Itwill also maintain the Industrial Development Committee and seek grant monies to encourage and promote economic and industrial development. 21. The County will seek state and federal financial and technical assistance for community improvements. The County may apply for a Community Development Block Grant for the rehabilitation of areas of substandard housing after identifying same. The County will continue to enforce the Camden County Housing Code and support the regulatory efforts of the District Health Department. 22. The County, through its boards, commissions, and committees, will monitor state and federal programs and regulations. It will use opportunities as they are presented to voice support for or to disagree with programs and regulations that are proposed by state and federal agencies. 23. The County will continue to maintain the Industrial Development Committee and seek grant monies to encourage and promote economic and industrial development. 24. The County may investigate strategies such as providing self -guided tour materials or promoting and cooperating with the functions and committees of area chambers of commerce to increase tourist activity at its historic sites. It will continue to support the Great Dismal Swamp Visitor/Welcome Center. The County will work with the Tourism Division of the Northeastern North Carolina Economic Development Commission as it studies how the County can be a productive part of the "Partnership for the Sounds" being marketed by the Tourism Division. 116 The County will investigate amendments to existing development regulations to require developers to donate funds or land for the provision of public waterfront access in the next two years — beginning with the Subdivision Ordinance. Should suitable sites for accesses become available, the County will apply for grant monies to construct same. It will lobby state legislators to support amendments to funded access programs to also include inland waters. 25. The County will complete the review and rewrite of its zoning ordinance and adopt a revised ordinance in 1993. It will enforce its zoning, subdivision, and other land use regulations, relying on state and federal agencies and personnel when and where applicable.. It also will maintain a qualified professional staff and may employ a planner to administer and enforce the ordinances necessary for orderly residential growth and development. 26. A Public Education and Citizen Participation Plan was approved by the Camden County Board of Commissioners on March 1,1993. Itwas designed to give citizens and interested parties opportunities to voice their views on land use policy issues throughout the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan Update. Three public informational meetings were held on March 22, 23, and 24,1993 by (or for) the Camden County Planning Board to receive some initial input from citizens and interested parties regarding issues and areas of concern. The issues and areas of concerns discussed at these and subsequent meetings were considered by the Planning Board and the Board of Commissioners as policies and implementation strategies were developed for the 1993 Update. 27. With respect to the threat of high winds, Camden County will follow and enforce the North Carolina State Building Code and requirements regarding design for high velocity winds. The County will enforce tie -down requirements for mobile homes. It will also enforce construction and mobile home installation standards for 100-mph winds. With respect to flooding, the County will support the hazard mitigation elements of the National Flood Insurance Program. Camden County will enforce regulations regarding elevation and flood -proofing of buildings and utilities. The Countywill support the CAMA and 404 Wetland Development permit processes. 117 Regarding the effects of wave action and shoreline erosion, the County will continue to support the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management and CAMA permitting procedures. It also supports FEMA's regulations concerning elevation and setbacks. NOT ACCOMPLISHED 1. The County will encourage a county -wide survey of historical sites by local volunteers or state and federal agencies and will seek grant monies within the next two years for the complete inventory of historically significant structures and sites. 2. The County will take a more active stance regarding the state permitting authorities and their oversight of mining activities by communicating grievances to the appropriate state agencies and officials. 3. The County will seek educational grants to subsidize continuing education at nearby colleges and universities and support community education programs. G. FUTURE DEMANDS 1. Introduction The following section serves to provide a basis for future demands on the County's infrastructure. Future demands on County services and infrastructure have been estimated based on future growth projections. This review takes into account several factors including local objectives concerning growth as well as foreseeable social and economic change. If growth within the county is not properly accommodated and thoughtfully channeled, the County's ability to provide schools, social services, law enforcement, utilities, recreation, historical preservation, and other important, essential government services may be jeopardized. On May 13, 2004, the County adopted an ordinance establishing a moratorium for a period of 365 days from the date of adoption. The moratorium shall exist on the approval of any residential subdivisions consisting of the creation of two (2) lots plus residual or more, which had not received a sketch plan prior to November 17, 2003. During the period of this moratorium, the planning staff of the County will expeditiously study, review, and recommend to the Board of Commissioners such procedures as will ensure a responsible, safe, and. healthy pattern of growth for the County. Such recommendations shall include, but not be limited to, the adequacy of 118 County infrastructure to serve continued growth, the appropriateness of new or amended ordinances, the deletion of existing ordinances, better staff utilization, the existence and effect of current and projected growth patterns, traffic impacts arising from subdivision development, water availability and quality, and any other relevant topics which may assist in the preservation and protection of the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Camden County. 2. Future Land Use Needs a. Housing Trends Over the last five years, Camden County has issued an average of 152 residential building permits per year. This average includes single-family development, Class A and B mobile homes, and modular units. Residential growth has remained steady over this period, and can be expected to continue at this, rate during the planning period. According to the land suitability analysis presented earlier in the plan, there are 43,186 acres of land (28.7%ofthe total County) with a land suitability rating of medium or high. Of this acreage, 38,158 acres are residentially zoned. Although the highly suitable land appears to be distributed fairly evenly throughout the county, these areas generally follow the county's major highway corridors. Future residential growth is expected to occur along these corridors as well as in the Villages of Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills. One factor influencing this growth is commuters moving into the County from the Tidewater Virginia area. It should also be noted that the City of Chesapeake commissioned a study through the Urban Land Institute which was published in January, 2003. This study addressed a large 4,000 acre tract of land located along the North Carolina -Virginia border. The tract of land is referred to as the Williams tract. A small portion of the total tract extends into Camden County. Presently, it is unclear if the Camden County portion of the property will be developed. The City of Chesapeake has targeted this piece of property as a possible location for a node of economic and residential growth. The Urban Land Institute study has recommended the site as an appropriate location for a new mixed -use development. The majority of the property should be utilized for residential purposes, but it also offers opportunities for "clean" industrial, commercial, and institutional uses. The Urban Land Institute has listed Camden County as a possible source for utilities during the initial phases of development. b. Commercial Land Use Commercial land use patterns throughout Camden County are not expected to undergo any drastic changes during the planning period. According to the existing land use survey 119 discussed earlier in this plan, Camden County currently has 122 acres of commercial land. Most of these commercial properties are located in the Camden and South Mills townships. Additionally, there are 1,547 commercially zoned acres of land in the County. Approximately 75% of the commercially zoned property in this area is designated as a Highway Commercial district. The remaining commercial zoning districts are designated as CommunityCore, Neighborhood Commercial, and Marine Commercial. These remaining districts combined only make up roughly 0.05 % or 770 acres within the County. The table below provides the intended uses within each of these districts. This indicates that future commercial growth will be concentrated primarily along the Highway 17 corridor in South Mills, and the Highway 158 corridor which runs through the Camden Township. Table 51 Camden County Commercial Districts District Intended Use Highway Commercial This district is designed to provide for and encourage the proper grouping and development of roadside uses which will best accommodate the needs of the motoring public along US 17, US 158, and NC 343. Community Core This district is designed to provide the core commercial use in the County's three villages (Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills) to help meet social, shopping, employment, and some housing needs of the County's rural residents in a village -type environment. Neighborhood This district is designed primarily to encourage the concentration of Commercial commercial facilities, as necessary, outside the community core villages but still in clusters and to provide readily accessible shopping facilities for rural residents. Marine Commercial This district is designed to provide for the development of businesses which depend upon or are significantly related to waterfront and tourist locations. Source: Camden County Code. As shown earlier in Table 19, the Camden County population can be expected to increase by approximately 1,529 persons by the year 2015. While it is impossible to convert this population increase into an accurate forecast of increased commercial acreage, the population increase is generally indicative of the commercial land use increase which may be expected to occur. It can be assumed that commercial development within the County will continue to grow at a fairly slow pace. A majority of Camden County residents will continue to rely on retail centers and services provided across the Pasquotank River in Elizabeth City. 120 C. Industrial Land Use As discussed in the existing land use analysis section, there is limited industrial land use within Camden County. In fact, industrial land use occupies only 0.92% or 1,381 acres of the entire County. It is anticipated that active industrial recruitment efforts will result in some growth to the industrial sector within the County during the planning period. The County zoning map classifies 3.48%(5,237) ofthe County as Light Industrial, and 0.03% (41 acres) as Heavy Industrial. These industrially zoned properties are located in the northern portion of the County along Highway 17, and along Highway 158 east of Camden. There are plans for the development of an industrial park adjacent to the proposed Camden County Landfill. The plans for this park are still in development; however, the anticipated completion date will be during FY05-06. Refer to Map 25 for the locations of both the proposed Industrial Park and the Camden County Landfill. d. Future Land Suitability In order to gauge the effect that proposed water and sewer service improvements will have on development within Camden County, the Land Suitability model was run to include the locations of these improvements. There were no additions or adjustments to the default layer sets and weighting factors provided by the Division of Coastal Management to the county for the existing and future land suitability analysis maps. The same model was used that was discussed earlier in the plan; however, the proposed improvements were added. Table 52 and Map 26 provide the results of the new analysis, as well as a comparison to the results of the original LSA model (refer to the existing land suitability map on page 105 for a visual comparison). The amount of acreage determined to be highly suitable for development through running the future model increased slightly. This increase can be attributed to the installation of sewer along the Highway 343 corridor. Other than the effect that the proposed sewer installation will have on the Highway 343 corridor, land suitability throughout the rest of the county remained consistent. (NOTE: The October 2004 flood data was utilized to produce the future land suitability analysis map.) Because of severe limitations for development, the extension of sewer and water service north of the proposed wastewater treatment sprayfield will not have any significant implications for development, especially west of US 17 in the Dismal Swamp. 121 N) ro Camden County Proposed Industrial Park and Landfill North Carolina/ Virginia Border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - — — - — - ........................ . . . . . . . . X'* 17 Proposed. e'' ' -6 d � -A Prop sec Industrlal.Park .. ........ . ....... I Legend Camden County Lino EZ) Proposed Industrial Park CD Proposed Landfill 111i ... ....... ..... . .. .......... ........... ................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ................ ................. .......... .................... ........ ........ ..... ................ .............. I .... The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management I \'Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone 2500 0 2500 5000 Feet Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National PWM a one, Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Table 52 Camden County Future Land Suitability Existing Future Camden County Acreage Acreage % of Total Total Acres % of Total Least Suitable 86,678 57.6% 86,678 57.6% Low Suitability 21,058 14.0% 20,480 13.6% Medium Suitability 23,081 15.3% - 17,515 11.6% High Suitability 19,740 13.1% 25,884 17.2% Total 150,557 100.0% 150,557 100.0% Existing Future Subbasin 03-01-50 Acreage % of Total Total Acres % of Total Least Suitable 61,921 55.3% 61,921 55.3% Low Suitability 14,908 13.3% 14,330 12.8% Medium Suitability 18,796 16.8% 13,230 11.9% High Suitability 16,255 14.5% 22,399 20.0% ,Total 111,880 100.0% 111,880 100.0% Existing Future Subbasin 03-01-54 Acreage % of Total Total Acres % of Total Least Suitable 24,742 64.0% 24,742 64.0% Low Suitability 6,150 15.9% 6,150 15.9% Medium Suitability 4,285 11.1 % 4,285 11.1% High Suitability 3,485 9.0% 3,485 9.0% Total 38,662 100.0% 38,662 100.0% Source: Holland Consulting Planners (April, 2003); North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. 123 5 0 5 Miles 'L P,S X P,y �O 1- Albemarle Sound , I, 1 a ' -- — V MAP 26 Camden County Land Use Plan Future Land Suitability Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 Subbasin 03-01-50 Future Land Suitability Least Suitable Low Suitability Medium Suitability High Suitability The blue and orange dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. Tire preprtatnn df Mia map eves Lrenoed in pen M—ugti a grant p-00 by rie NaIh Cundina C-1. Iaanege." Pmgam. through f.d.pranded by the Coastal Zara A4nagamera Aq d W2 ea amended, high to ndmm l" by the Oflire W Ocean and CddatM Rebohra fdanegein ot. N"U-1 Oca.— end Al—p' . rin Adrn—tvi n. 124 3. 9 Future Infrastructure/Community Facilities Needs Transportation There are several construction projects included in the current North Carolina Department of Transportation's (NCDOT) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). These projects will serve to address bridge and highway improvements throughout the County. The following table provides a summary of all projects to be completed under NCDOT's current TIP. Map 27 provides the location of these projects within the County. It is emphasized that improvements are needed to the NC 343/US 158 intersection. Table 53 Camden County NCDOT TIP Projects Project Location' Description Length Total Est. Cost Schedule Number (Miles) (Thousands) R-2574 US 158 East of NC 34 at Belcross in 10.1 $38,200 To be completed Camden County to NC 168 in outside of the current Currituck County (widen to TIP planning period multiple lanes) of 2010 R-2414 US 158 to East of Pasquotank in 5.6 $20,625 In Progress NC 34 Elizabeth City to east of NC (Acquisition) - 34 in Belcross (widen to Construction FY04 — multiple lanes) FY06 B-4451 NC 343 Jarvis Creek Replace Bridge N/A $660 FY06 — FY07 No. 21 B-4452 NC 343 Sawyer Creek Replace Bridge N/A $880 FY06 — FY07 No. 20 B-3426 SR1224 Joyce Creek Replace Bridge N/A $415 Under Construction No. 2 B-4453 SR 1235 Creek Replace Bridge No. 19 N/A $660 FY07 — FY08 E-4504 US 17, US 17 Virginia State Line to Village N/A $1,085 In Progress Bus., SR of South Mills (construct 1243 (Mullen multi -use path) Road) "Location of these projects are shown on Map 27. Source: NC Department of Transportation TIP. 125 n17 1 • , ♦ B-3426 B-4453 South Mills -- �►. - B-4451 ` 343 B-4452 1 'n R-2574 i Camden �_--� - -- --- -- ,n — - -_-- - ,.-- R-2414 , 343 n ♦_ Shiloh / CIO S 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - ` Albemarle Sound 1 - 5 0 5 10 15 20 Miles Map 27 Camden County Land Use Plan NC Department of Transportation Transportation Improvement Program Proposed Projects Legend Subbasin 03-01-54 �— Subbasin 03-01-50 OCamden County Major Roads �{ TIP Projects TIP Project ( E-4504) TIP Projects ( R-2414 and R-2574) Hydrology * Refer to Table 49 for a description of the proposed projects The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. 126 Projects R-2574 and R-2414 on US 158 will improve traffic flow and lessen congestion. The E-4504 project on US 17 is an NCDOT Enhancement Project intended to improve pedestrian and bicycle access to Camden County. b. Education The Camden County School System received a $17 million grant to be used for the renovation of all three schools in the system. Existing school capacity is discussed on page 95 of this plan. Renovations for Grandy Primary School, Camden Middle School, and Camden High School are essentially complete. The Superintendent appointed a Steering Committee comprised of a cross-section of the community to prepare a strategic plan for the school system. The plan addresses the mission and vision of the school system. In addition, the plan outlines action plans to be undertaken that will help the school system maintain high quality education for the youth in the County. The Camden County Schools Mission Statement is as follows: Through a passion for student -centered learning, the Camden County School System will provide educational opportunities that will create students who can compete and flourish in an ever-changingglobal society. The school system began implementation of a five-year Technology Plan in 1995. A technology task force was assembled to update that plan in 2002. The mission of the plan is to assess the current situation of technology, create and/or modify the vision for future needs, and evaluate current progress. Additionally, the county is currently in the planning phase for construction of a new Grades 3-5 school with an estimated cost of $7,561,733. Camden County prepared a school population projections report. According to the report, upon build -out of the following subdivisions: Wharfs Landing, Camden Plantation, Raymond's Creek, Tall Tree Commons, Deerfield Manor, Bell Farm Estates, Eddie's Acres, Magnolia Manor, Pine Midge, Tar Corner, Danson's Grant, Sawyer's Creek Landing, Bartlett's Landing, and Taylor's Beach Landing, the existing schools serving Camden County citizens will be at or over capacity. (NOTE: A total of 675 buildable lots are anticipated for these subdivisions, as indicated in Appendix VII.) 127 C. Recreation As discussed earlier in the plan, Camden County currently operates one public park. The County has an intergovernmental agreement with Pasquotank County permitting the use of all recreational facilities for Camden County residents. The County does not currently have a Parks and Recreation Plan, and there are no plans to expand their recreational services.Residents will continue to have full access to all outdoor recreational facilities located at each of the County's three public schools. d. Water System The most significant demand for water service expansion is along Highway 17 in the northern portion of the County. This project will include 73,000 feet of 12-inch water main from Burnt Mills to the North Carolina/Virginia border along Highway 17, and a 300,000 gallon elevated water storage tank in the South Mills area of the County. The cost of this project was estimated at $3,800,000. In addition to these improvements, funding will also serve to expand the South Camden Water & Sewer District Reverse Osmosis Plant. The plant is expandable to twice its current capacity of 576,000 GPD. This expansion will assist in providing services to both the growing residential customers within Camden County, as well as the regional water supply system to Currituck County. The County is currently working to secure funding through a variety of agencies to complete this project. Refer to Map 28 for the location of all proposed water system improvements. The cost of this project was estimated at $4,000,000.- All improvements are expected to be completed by FY04. e. Sewer System Camden County does not currently provide any sewer service throughout the county. In 2001, Hobbs, Upchurch & Associates, P.A., prepared a report to address the sewer needs within Camden County. The report recommended that the County pursue land application of the treatment, and that the land application site be located in the central portion of the County. The project was presented to state funding agencies, and state officials recommended the land application scenario, even though this scenario will cost roughly $6 million more than alternative solutions. 128 jig ,i ap CAMDEN COUNTY LAND USE PLAN Future Infrastructure Map erAT P. 1 "— AUAR('1X 1_1 /9 UTT RQ The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 129 The report also addressed what areas will be considered for service including the village/corridor subareas. The study recommended Phase 1 to run down Highway 158 from the railroad tracks to the medical park. This phase would also include all three schools and the Courthouse. The total cost of this project is estimated at $6,500,000 which the County has secured through a combination of funding sources in order to begin work on sewer installation. -The sewer plant will be built using reuse standards. The site was selected near the intersection of Highway 17 and Keeter Barn Road.. This requires sewer lines along US 17 and these lines will extend to the North Carolina -Virginia state line. The extension of lines to the state line will help serve a 4,000-acre development to be located in the City of Chesapeake (see policy P.16 on page 143). The spray field will be located at the intersection of Highway 17 and McPherson Road. The County has purchased 350 acres for land application. The projected completion date for the first phase of the project is July, 2006. Future phases will encompass all of the following proposed service areas: the Highway 158 corridor out to Belcross, the Country Club Road area, the Piney Acres area, and the White Hall Shores area. An additional report was prepared by Hobbs, Upchurch in 2002. This report looked at providing service to the commercial area along Main Street in South Mills, as well as the developed area in and around South Mills. The report recommends installing gravity sewer to Main Street at a cost of $3,300,000. These improvements would also include an expansion to the proposed wastewater treatment facility. The County is in the process of identifying a funding source for this phase of the sewer installation. Refer to Map 28 on page 129 for the location of the proposed County sewer system. This map provides anticipated primary sewer line locations. In the future, service lines may extend from these main service lines. The village/corridor future land use maps delineate the proposed water and sewer line locations. The reports prepared by Hobbs, Upchurch and Associates were based on the following assumptions: (1) growth occurring in these areas to warrant the new system, and (2) securing the funding to pay for the improvements. f. Storm Drainage Camden County will rely on existing land use controls to regulate and monitor total percentage of building coverage on undeveloped lots. The County will encourage local organizations to maintain ongoing educational programs and administration that will keep 130 farmers informed of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and available assistance. The County will continue to participate in the regular phase of the Federal Flood Insurance Program, and to enforce the Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Developers should be required to model downstream drainage conditions to prevent flooding conditions as a result of additional impervious surface area. Developers may be required to acquire.the necessary easements along drainageways for ongoing maintenance programs. The County recently received a grant from the NC Division of Water Resources to perform the Camden County Drainage and Floodway Study. The purpose of the study is to provide an analysis of drainage and floodway issues within the county. The county is receiving assistance from the Albemarle Resource and Conservation Development and the Natural Resource Conservation Service. Phase I of the plan consists of establishing base levels for water management and determining places for conservation measures to be installed. Phase II, occurring simultaneously with Phase I, involves the county's establishment of Special Use Water Management Districts. These districts are based on the watersheds and/or the amount of area the county wants to include in each district. Phase III involves setting priorities for water management projects. Taxes obtained through the special use districts will be used to address the priorities. At the time this plan was written, Phases I and II were underway. The project is expected to be completed by late summer 2005. g. Solid Waste As noted earlier in the plan, Camden County utilizes the Pasquotank County Transfer Station to ship all solid waste to the Bertie County Landfill. The waste is collected from three different convenience centers located throughout the County. All of these convenience centers are operated by Waste Industries. Camden County is currently in the planning phase of establishing a landfill in the northern portion of the County. The site for the landfill is a 330-acre piece of property located in northern Camden County along the North CarolinaArrginia border. The landfill should be completed within five years. Once the facility is opened, all solid waste from the County convenience center will be transferred to the Camden County Landfill. Waste Industries will still operate the convenience centers. The only change with respect to the convenience centers will be a change in location for the center located on Highway 117 North. This center will be relocated to Chantilly Road. No details have been finalized, but the Camden County Landfill will also accommodate waste from out of state. As the County proceeds through the landfill project, specific details about which counties will be utilizing these services will be available. See Map 25 on page 122 for the location of the Landfill. 131 Issues associated with the new landfill site include: • Buffering from adjacent land uses, especially residential development. • Added truck traffic on US 17. • Protection of groundwater resources. • Regulation of stormwater runoff. h. Law Enforcement The Camden County Sheriffs Department operates three separate units: patrol, investigations, and School Resource Officers. There are currently 13 full-time and two part-time sworn officers. The County Sheriff recently completed a Manpower Plan with the help of the County Commission that outlines the expansion necessary to accommodate increasing law enforcement needs within the County. This plan recommends adding one full-time sworn officer per year. The Sheriff's Department annually seeks grant funding through several North Carolina agencies to be used for the hiring of additional officers and purchasing equipment. Although these programs require matching funds, it drastically decreases the total cost of these expenses on the County. The Department has secured funding over the last year for an additional School Resource Officer through the Universal COPS Hiring Program, and currently has another application in for one more additional officer in this unit. The Sheriff anticipates hiring a total of three additional officers over the next fiscal year. Additional office space for the Sheriffs Department must be provided. i. Fire and Rescue Services Camden County is served by two fire districts. The Camden -Shiloh District recently constructed a new fire station in Camden and has plans to construct a new facility in Shiloh. Construction on the new station should begin within the next three to four years. In addition to construction, the District plans to upgrade trucks and gear in the same time period. A committee has been formed by the South Mills Fire District Chief to find land to purchase for the construction of a new fire station. The new station would require approximately three acres. The station would also house a rescue squad. Camden County receives rescue services from the Pasquotank/Camden Rescue Squad and the Pasquotank County Ambulance Service. Both entities use the same equipment. At this time, there are no plans for physical expansion. However, there are plans to establish critical care 132 transportation as a support to the hospital. This service would require an additional ambulance and appropriate training for employees and squad members. j. Administrative Services The county needs additional administrative space. Consideration is being given to moving the Planning Department to a modular unit behind the existing administration building and acquiring land east of NC 343 adjacent to the existing county courthouse property for an additional administration building. k. Community Facilities Deficiencies Community facility deficiencies are addressed in Section V (G), Future Demands, page 118 and issues and capabilities for expansion discussed above. However, the following summarizes the most urgent community facilities needs • Establishment of water and sewer, infrastructure (see page 128 to 130). • Insufficient administrative office space. • Insufficient space for the Sheriffs Department (see page 132). Implementation of the county's Transportation Improvement Program (see page 125). 133 SECTION VI. PLAN FOR THE FUTURE A. LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS This section of the plan is intended to guide the development and use of land in Camden County. The future land use maps and policies are intended to support Camden County's and CAMA's goals. Specifically, this section includes Camden County's goals, land use development policies, and the future land use maps for the county and the seven individual study areas. The future land use maps and the specified development goals are based on the Camden County community concerns (identified on pages 6 and 7 of this plan) and the future needs/demands (identified in Section V (G) of this plan). B. POLICIES/IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS 1. Introduction It is intended that the policies included in this plan are consistent with the goals of CAMA. This plan will address the CRC management topics for land use plans and comply with all state and federal rules and regulations. The following will serve as a guideline to assist in assuring that this land use plan will guide the development and use of land in a manner that is consistent with the management goal(s), planning objective(s), and land use plan requirements of this plan. These policies/implementing actions will apply in the county as a whole and the individual study areas. All policies/implementing actions shall be used for consistency review by appropriate state and federal agencies. Within the village/corridor subareas, the policies and implementing actions included within this plan apply. However, policy P.31 and implementing action 1.27 on page 149 specifically address the implementation of"smart growth" actions within the subareas. In addition, the infrastructure carrying capacity policies and implementing actions focus on the subareas (see page 151). Resource conservation and impact analysis issues are addressed throughout the policies and implementing actions included in this plan. However, the following conservation related policies and implementing actions are emphasized: • Public Access, page 139. • Conservation, page 147. • Stormwater Control, page 148. • Natural Hazard Areas, page 155. 134 • Water Quality, Page 157. • Cultural, Historical, and Scenic Areas, page 162. Specifically, in implementing this plan, the Camden County Planning Board and Board of Commissioners will continually do the following: • Consult the Land Use Plan during the deliberation of all re -zoning requests. - • Consider the following in deliberation of all zoning petitions: — Consider the policies and implementing actions of this plan and all applicable CAMA regulations in their decisions regarding land use and development (including 15A NCAC 7H). — All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A decision to re -zone or not to re -zone a parcel or parcels of property cannot be based on consideration of only one use or a partial list of the uses allowed within a zoning district. Zoning decisions will not be based on aesthetic considerations. Requests for zoning changes will not be approved if the requested change will result in spot zoning. Spot zoning is a form of discriminatory zoning whose sole purpose is to serve the private interests of one or more landowners instead of furthering the welfare of the entire community as part of an overall zoning plan. Spot zoning is based on.the arbitrary and inappropriate nature of a re -zoning change rather than, as is commonly believed, on the size of the area being re- zoned. Zoning which will result in strip development should be discouraged. Strip development is a melange of development, usually commercial, extending along both sides of a major street. Strip development is often a mixture of auto -oriented enterprises (e.g., gas stations, motels, and food stands), and truck -dependent wholesale and light industrial enterprises along with the once -rural homes and farms that await conversion to commercial use. Strip development may severely reduce traffic -carrying capacity of abutting streets by allowing for excessive and conflicting curb cuts. 135 — The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning deliberations. Uniformity is a basic premise of zoning which holds that all land in similar circumstances should be zoned alike; any different circumstances should be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such different treatment. — Zoning regulations should be made in accordance with the Camden County Land Use Plan and designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. The regulations shall be madewith reasonable consideration, among otherthings, as to the character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and with a view to conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout Camden County's planning jurisdiction. - Specifically, the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners should ask the following questions: O Does Camden Countv need more land in the zone class requested? O Is there other property in the county that might be more appropriate for this use? O Is the request in accordance with the Camden County land use plan? o Will the request have a serious impact on traffic circulation, parking space, sewer and water services, and other utilities? o Will the request have an impact on other county services, including police protection, fire protection, or the school system? o Is there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will result in lessening the enjoyment or use of adjacent properties? o Will the request, as proposed, cause serious noise, odors, light, activity, or unusual disturbances? 136 o Does the request raise serious legal questions such as spot zoning, hardship, violation of precedents, or need for this type of use? o Does the request adversely impact any CAMA AEC's or other environmentally sensitive areas including water quality? It is intended that this plan will serve as the basic tool to guide development/growth in Camden County subject to the following: • The Camden County Land Development Ordinances should be revised from time to time to be consistent, as reasonably possible, with the recommendations of this plan and the evolving nature of the county's growth and development policy. • Land development regulations should be designed: to.lessen congestion in the streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; and to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. Camden County will coordinate all development proposals with appropriate State and/or Federal agencies. 2. Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AEC's Camden County accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and development in AEC's. By reference, all applicable state and federal regulations are incorporated into this document. However, Camden County does not consider the following issues to be relevant at this time: • Outstanding Resource Waters • Maritime Forests • Shellfishing Waters • Development of Sound and Estuarine System Islands • Peat or Phosphate Mining's Impact on any Resource • Dredging • Beach Nourishment All policies and implementing actions are to be utilized by the State of North Carolina for consistency review. Note the following: • No policy is subordinate to another. 137 • All management topics have equal status. The future land use map may show some areas in a developed category which may also include sensitive habitats or natural areas. The intent is that development should be designed/permitted to protect these areas through utilization of concepts such as cluster development. Development/project approval will be based on project design which avoids substantial loss of important habitat areas. • The village and highway corridor plans are intended to be consistent with the county -wide future land use map. C. LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS 1. Introduction The purposes of the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) management topics are to ensure that CAMA Land Use Plans support the goals of CAMA, to define the CRC's expectations for the land use planning process, and to give the CRC a substantive basis for review and certification of CAMA Land Use Plans. Each of the following management topics (Public Access, Land Use Compatibility, Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Transportation, Natural Hazard Areas, Water Quality, and Local Areas of Concern) include three components: a management goal, a statement of the CRC's planning objective, and requirements for the CAMA Land Use Plan. These policies apply to the entire county including the seven future land use study areas which are identified on Maps 30 through 36 on pages 188 to 194. The local concerns which should be addressed in this plan are identified on pages 6 and 7. These concerns and issues were utilized to develop the goals and objectives which are included in this plan. Most of the policies and implementing actions are continuing activities. In most situations, specific timelines are not applicable. Refer to page 169 for a list of those policies/implementing actions which have a specific schedule. The policies and implementing actions frequently utilize the following words: should, continue, encourage, enhance, identify, implement, maintain, prevent, promote, protect, provide, strengthen, support, work. The intent ofthese words is defined in Appendix V. Please note: Policies and Implementing Actions are number consecutively throughout this document with the letter "P" denoting a policy and the letter "I" denoting an implementing action. 2. Impact of CAMA Land Use Plan Policies on Management Topics The development of this land use plan has relied heavily on the CAMA-prescribed existing suitability analysis which is included in Section V (E) of this document and the future land suitability analysis which is included in Section V (G)(2)(d) of this document. It is intended that this document is supportive of the CAMA regulations for protection of AEC's (15A NCAC 7H). 138 This plan is intended to supportthe Camden County vision statement which was developed based on the key issues identified on pages 6 and 7 of this document and the CAMA AEC regulations. No negative impacts are anticipated by the implementation of the goals, objectives, and policies which are included in this plan. Also refer to Tools for Managing Development, page 200. Note: It .is intended that all policies are consistent with (do not exceed) applicable State and Federal requirements when State and Federal requirements apply. 3. Public Access a. Management Goal: Camden County will maximize public access to the beaches and the public trust waters of the coastal region. b. Planning Objective: Camden Countywill develop comprehensive policies that provide beach and public trust water access opportunities for the public along the shoreline within the planning jurisdiction. C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following are Camden County's policies/implementing actions for waterfront access. All policies are continuing activities. Policies: PA The county supports the Great Dismal Swamp Visitor/Welcome Center and tourism and recreational related developments that protect and preserve the natural environment while promoting the county as a tourist destination. It supports the private and public development of waterfront access through private funds and grant monies. It also supports the work of the Northeastern North Carolina Economic Development Commission. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.2 Camden County supports providing shoreline access for persons with disabilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.3 Camden County supports the frequency of shoreline access as defined by 15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies. However, emphasis will be placed on providing access to the Great Dismal Swamp and the Shiloh Township area. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 139 P.4 Camden County supports state/federal funding of piers for crabbing and fishing. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.5 Camden County supports the development of estuarine access areas to ensure adequate shoreline access within all areas of the county. Areas that have traditionally been used by the public will be given special attention. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions: 1.1 Camden County will revise its subdivision ordinance to include the provisions of NCGS 153A-331 which allow for requiring the developer of a subdivision to be charged recreation fees as follows: "The subdivision ordinance may provide that a developer may provide funds to the county whereby the county may acquire recreational land or areas to serve the development or subdivision, including the purchase of land which may be used to serve more than one subdivision or development within the immediate area." The funds may be utilized to provide increased shoreline access. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005-2006. 1.2 Camden Countywill prepare a shoreline access plan and request Division of Coastal Management funding for the preparation of the plan. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006. I.3 Camden County will pursue funding under the North Carolina CAMA Shoreline Access funding program (15A NCAC 7M, Section .0300, Shorefront Access Policies). Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.4 Camden County will pursue private sources of funding for the development of shoreline access facilities, including donation of land. Schedule: ContinuingActivity. I.5 In areas adjacent to the Great Dismal Swamp, Camden County will pursue funding from the Department of Archives and Natural History and the federal government for the provision of shoreline access sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 140 1.6 The county will cooperate with state and federal agencies to secure estuarine access areas to ensure adequate shoreline access within all areas of the county. Schedule: Continuing Activity. NOTE: There are no shoreline areas in Camden County targeted for shorelinelbeach nourishment. 4. Land Use Compatibility a. Management Goal: Camden County will ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land minimize direct and secondary environmental impacts, avoid risks to public health, safety, and welfare, and are consistent with the capability of the land based on considerations of interactions of natural and manmade features. b. Planning Objectives: i. Camden County will adopt and apply local development policies that balance protection of natural resources and fragile areas with economic development. ii. Camden County's policies will provide clear direction to assist local decision making and consistency findings for zoning, divisions of land, and public and private projects. C. Land Use Plan Requirements. The following are Camden County's policies/implementing actions for land use compatibility: Policies - Residential: P.6 Camden County supports revisions to the North Carolina State Statutes which would allow the local imposition ofimpact fees or special legislation to allowthem in Camden County. Impact fees would be levied against land developers to establish a revenue source to supportthe additional demand for services generated bythe people occupyingthe proposed developments such as roads, schools,water and sewer infrastructure, and recreational facilities. Schedule: ContinuingActivity. P.7 The county supports repair and reconstruction of privately -owned dwelling units through private funds and/or grants. It supports the enforcement of existing regulations of the District Health Department regarding sanitary conditions. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 141 P.8 Camden County supports discouraging the re -zoning of existing residentially - developed or zoned areas to a non-residential classification as reasonably possible. Such re -zoning and amendments in classifications to the future land use map should be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such proposed development that will be the best overall land development policy for Camden County's future land use and protecting established residentially -developed areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. - P.9 Camden County supports greater residential densities in areas that are accessible to water and/or sewer service(s). Agricultural and low density residential land uses should be located in areas that do not have county water or sewer service. Office/Institutional/Multi-family land uses should be developed along transportation thoroughfares to provide transition between commercial nodes and to preserve vehicle carrying capacity. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.10 Camden County supports quality development reflecting the spectrum of housing needs, from low -end (affordable) residences to high -end (luxury) residences. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.11 Camden County supports regulating growth to coincide with the provision of public facilities and services. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.12 The county should discourage development in areas designated for low -density residential/agricultural use with the exception of low -density residential/agriculture land uses as much as reasonably possible. A large majority of the future land use map is designated as low -medium density residential/agricultural land use (see Map 29). Because of its current land use patterns, rezoning and amendments to the future land use map should be carefully balanced with a demonstrated need for such proposed development that will be the overall best management policy for Camden County's future land development. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.13 Camden County supports wooded buffers along thoroughfares. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.14 Camden County supports utilizing Office/Institutional/Multi-family development as a buffer between light industrial and commercial development and adjacent residential land uses. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 142 P.15 The county supports providing adequate conservation/open space buffers between areas designated for residential development as indicated on the future land use map and any adjacent non-residential land use, including agricultural areas. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006. PA 6 The county supports the City of Chesapeake's efforts to develop the 4,000 acre tract of land located along US Route.17, adjacent to the northern Camden County border. The proposed mixed -use development will assist in the county's economic development efforts and provide a source of jobs for county residents. The county may provide utilities to the project site; however, provision of these utilities will be limited due to the existing utility demands of the county. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions Residential: 1.7 All re -zoning and subdivision approvals will consider the existing and future land use suitability maps and analyses which are included in this plan. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 1.8 Camden County will permit residential development to occur in response to market needs provided that the following criteria are met: (1) Due respect is offered to all aspects of the environment. (2) If deficient community facilities and services are identified, the county should attempt to improve such to the point of adequately meeting demands. (3) Additional residential development should concurrently involve planning for improvements to community facilities and services if excess capacity does not exist within those facilities and services. (4) Residential development is consistent with other Camden County policies and the land use map as contained in this plan update. This implementing action will be enforced through the Camden County zoning and subdivision ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.9 Camden County will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances and consider establishing floor area ratio requirements to ensure that development is consistent with the density requirements of this plan. Schedule: Fiscal Year 20052006. 143 " The following defines floor area ratio: Floor area ratio is determined by dividing the gross floor area of all buildings on a lot by the area of that lot. Comment. The floor area ratio (FAR) was developed as a more refined and adaptable measure of intensity than building coverage. It expresses in one measure, instead of several, the mathematical relation between volume of building and unit of land. However, FAR cannot replace more traditional bulk controls entirely. Often, it is not a sufficient height control nor does it regulate the placement of the building on the site. 0.5 FAtZ -4 E— z.o FA 1.10 The countywill consider revisions to the zoning ordinance for non-residential sites to ensure adequate buffering and landscaping to separate residential and incompatible non-residential uses, and adequate regulation of off -site lighting, hours of operation, and vehicular driveway locations. Schedule: Fiscal Year2005- 2006. 1.11 The Camden County zoning ordinance will be revised to include an . office/institutional zoning district. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005-2006. 1.12 The countywill require through zoning and subdivision regulation an interior road system that provides vehicular access to lots abutting major thoroughfares. Consider reviewing existing design standards to ensure effective limitation of driveway entrances. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 144 1.13 Camden County, through revision of its zoning ordinance, will limit "strip" residential development along highways and certain roads carrying heavy traffic and encourage service roads or an internal street pattern to eliminate direct driveway connections to highways and roads. Schedule Continuing Activity. 1.14 The county will regulate through its zoning and subdivision ordinance the development of conflicting land uses along the US 17, US 158, and NC 343 highway corridors. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.15 The county will consider the merits of establishing a minimum housing code to ensure that all occupied structures are fit for human habitation. Schedule. Fiscal Year 2006 2007. 1.16 The county will pursue Community Development, North Carolina Housing Finance Agency, and United States Department ofAgriculture funds from state and federal sources for rehabilitation or redevelopment of substandard housing. Schedule. Continuing Activity. Policies - Commercial/industrial: P.17 Camden County supports commercial development at the intersections of major roads (i.e., in a nodal fashion) consistentwith the county's future land use map (see Map 29). Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.18 The county supports properly permitted mining activities within its borders. Schedule. Continuing Activity. PA 9 Camden County deems industrial development within fragile areas and areas with low land suitability acceptable only if the following conditions are met: (1) CAMA minor or major permits can be obtained. (2) Applicable zoning ordinance provisions are met in zoned areas. (3) Within coastal wetlands, 'estuarine waters, and public trust waters, no industrial use will be permitted unless such use is water related. This policy applies to both new industrial development and to expansion of existing industrial facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 145 P.20 Camden County opposes the establishment of private solid waste/landfill sites in the county which are not licensed by the county. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.21 Camden County supports the recruitment and siting of environmentally compatible light industrial and commercial establishments within its borders in areas that are already similarly developed or in public or private industrial parks to minimize the sacrifice of prime agricultural lands for such development. The county also supports the Northeastern North Carolina Economic Development Commission in its efforts to promote economic development in the county. The county does not encourage the conversion of prime farmland to residential use. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.22 Camden County supports industrial development which will be located adjacentto and/or with direct access to major thoroughfares. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.23 Camden County supports the development of industrial sites that are accessible to county water and sewer services. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.24 Industries which are noxious by reason of the emission of smoke, dust, glare, noise, odor, and vibrations, and those which deal primarily in hazardous products such as explosives, should not be located in Camden County. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.25 Industry should be located in conformance with the county's land use plan. This includes placing emphasis on light industrial development. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions - Commercialondustrial: 1.17 The county will enforce its zoning regulations and rely on state permitting agencies to regulate mining activities. The county will take a more active stance regarding the State permitting authorities and their oversight of mining activities by communicating grievances to the appropriate State agencies and officials. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 1.18 Camden County will rely on its zoning ordinance in zoned areas and the CAMA permitting program with regard to new industrial development and expansion of existing industrial facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 146 1.19 Camden County will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to ensure compliance with policies PA 7 and P.20 through P.25. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006. Policies - Conservation: P.26 Except as otherwise permitted in this plan, residential, commercial, and industrial development should not be supported in natural heritage areas or coastal wetlands. Residential, commercial, and industrial development which meets 15A NCAC 7H use standards will be allowed in estuarine shoreline, estuarine water, and public trust areas. In all other areas, development will be allowed that is consistent with applicable local, state, ` and federal regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.27 Camden County will support larger lots in conservation classified areas through enforcement of the county subdivision and zoning ordinances in zoned areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.28 ' Camden County supports the maintenance of its rural atmosphere. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions - Conservation: 1.20 Protect Camden County's fragile areas from inappropriate, unplanned, or poorly planned development through the following: 1.21 -- By implementing the Camden County Zoning Ordinance, limit land uses in the vicinity of historic sites and natural heritage areas to compatible land uses. Schedule: Continuing Activity. -- Camden County will coordinate all housing code enforcement/ redevelopment projects/public works projects with the NC Division of Archives and History to ensure the preservation and identification of significant historic structures and archaeological sites. Significant historic sites are identified on page 77 of this plan. Note: Also see implementing action I.62 and 1.63 on page 163. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Camden County will review its zoning and subdivision ordinances to ensure compliance with policies P.27 and P.28. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006. 147 Policies - Stormwater Control: P.29 Camden County supports reducing soil erosion, runoff, and sedimentation to minimize the adverse effects on surface and subsurface water quality. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.30 The county supports the enforcement of all controls and regulations, specifically design standards, tie -down requirements, construction and installation standards, elevation requirements, flood -proofing, CAMA regulations, and FEMA regulations, deemed necessary by Board of Commissioners to mitigate the risks of lives and property caused by severe storms and hurricanes. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing; Actions - Stormwater Control: 1.22 Camden County will consider adopting and enforcing a soil erosion and sediment control ordinance. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006. 1.23 Camden Countywill support control of agricultural runoffthrough implementation of Natural Resources Conservation Service "Agricultural Best Management Practices" program (see Appendix IV). Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.24 Camden County will support control of forestry runoff through implementation of "Forestry Best Management Practices" as provided by the North Carolina Division of Forest Resources (see Appendix III). Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.25 Camden County will consider adopting a landscaping ordinance to require that a buffer of trees/vegetation be left between rights -of -way and any clear cut areas be consistentwith applicable state and federal regulations. Schedule: Fiscal Year2005- 2006. 1.26 Camden County will consider adopting and enforcing a stormwater control ordinance which should include regulations for water detention and/or retention facilities in new developments and provide regulations to control the amount of impervious surface in a development. Schedule: Fiscal Year 20052006. NOTE: Please refer to the Storm Hazard Mitigation section of this plan, pages 210 through 229. 148 Policies - CommunilyJHighway Corridor Stud AY reas: P.31 Within the Community/Highway Corridor Study Areas, Camden County supports the concept of"smart growth' as described in Section VI (D) page 170 of this plan. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions Community/Highway Corridor Study Areas: 1.27 Camden County will review and update its zoning ordinance to incorporate the "smart growth" concept. Schedule: Fiscal Year20062007. 5. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity a. Management Goal. Camden County will ensure that public infrastructure systems are appropriately sized, located, and managed so the quality and productivity of AECs and other fragile areas are protected or restored. It is acknowledged that to achieve the infrastructure carrying capacity goals, policies, and implementing actions, some utility dines may have to extend through some environmentally sensitive areas. b. Planning Objective: Camden County will establish level of service policies and criteria for infrastructure consistent with the projections of future land needs. C. Land Use Plan Requirements: Please refer to Maps 29 through 37 for delineation of the proposed water and sewer service areas. The following are Camden County's policies for infrastructure carrying capacity. All policies are continuing activities. Policies: P.32 Camden County supports providing adequate community services and facilities which meet the needs of Camden County's citizens, businesses, and industries. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.33 Camden County supports providing sufficientwater and sewer service to promote economic development and to alleviate public health problems created by the absence of public water and sewer services in Camden County. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.34 The county supports directing more intensive land uses to areas that have existing or planned infrastructure. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 149 P.35 The county supports the extension of water services from existing systems and encourages the use of central systems for new developments whether residential, commercial, or industrial in nature. It also supports the continued public provision of solid waste disposal, law enforcement, and educational services to all citizens of the county. Note: Also see policy P.79 on page 163. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.36 The county will rely on its existing land use and development ordinances to regulate development and may amend or modify regulations to encourage or require the provision of central water service to lots or parcels proposed in new developments. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.37 The county supports the installation and use of properly permitted septic tank systems and the enforcement of District Health Department regulations and local development regulations regarding lot sizes and waste disposal system placement. The countywill also encourage the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources to investigate the feasibility of using alternative waste processing systems such as flushless toilets, incineration, and artificial wetlands in areas with severe soil limitations. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.38 The county supports the use of properly permitted and maintained package sewage treatment plants within its borders but outside of proposed sewer service areas. Package sewer treatment plants will only be allowed in developments which have been approved by the county. If any package treatment plants are approved, the county supports requirement of a specific contingency plan specifying how ongoing private operation and maintenance of the plant will be provided, and detailing provisions for assumption of the plant into a public system should the private operation fail. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.39 The countywill support investigations bythe District Health Department and North Carolina State University concerning the use of package treatment plants as a method of solving some of the severe sewage disposal problems in several of its communities. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.40 Camden County supports providing water and sewer services to identified industrial areas when county resources are sufficient in order to encourage industrial development. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 150 P.41 In concert with this Land Use Plan, Camden County supports the master water and sewer plan (Growth Management Plan) to guide new industrial development. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.42 The County supports the provision of public recreational facilities and areas and will pursue grant funds for recreation facilities. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing; Actions: 1.28 Implement the Camden County Growth Management Plan (2000) for water and sewer, and plans for the provision of water and sewer service to. the South Mills, Camden, and Shiloh communities (see Maps 29 through 37). Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.29 Camden County will update the Growth Management Plan. This plan addresses water and sewer needs and serves as a facility strategy plan and not a formal policy document. The county will utilize the master water and sewer plan (Growth Management Plan) as a guide to establishing service and funding priorities for developing industrial areas. Schedule: Fiscal Year2006-2007. 1.30 Camden County will amend the future land use map, when needed, to reflect the county's water and sewer extension projects as they are planned. Schedule Continuing Activity. 1.31 Camden County will consult the future land use map when considering new public facilities and private development. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 1.32 Camden Countywill consider revisingwater and sewer extension policies to ensure that public/private cooperation in the provision of infrastructure to serve new development is encouraged. Schedule: Fiscal Year20062007. 1.33 The county will rely on the Division of Environmental Management to oversee the operation and management of all package treatment plants in the county. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.34 The county will consider adopting an operating and capital financing plan for the development of water and sewer systems outside of the proposed water and sewer service areas. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008. 15l I.35 Camden County will revise the subdivision ordinance to incorporate provisions to allow for the dedication of public park property and/or open space. This may include a provision for payment in lieu of dedication if approved by the county. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006. 1.36 Camden County will consider establishing a land banking fund into which the county may annually contribute funds. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2007-2008. I.37 Provide sufficient emergency management personnel and facilities to adequately serve the projected population growth. Schedule: Continuing Activity. I.38 The county will coordinate the development of recreational facilities with the school system. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 6. Transportation a. Management Goal: Camden County will achieve safe, efficient, reliable, environmentally - sound, and economically feasible transportation within Camden County. b. Planning Objective: Camden County will reduce traffic congestion and safety problems. C. Land Use Plan Requirements: Policies: P.43 Camden County supports interconnected street systems for residential and non- residential development. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.44 The county supports limited access from development along all roads and highways to provide safe ingress and egress. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006. P.45 Camden County supports subdivision development which utilizes the North Carolina Department of Transportation Traditional Neighborhood Development Street Design Guidelines. A Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) is a human scale, walkable community with moderate to high residential densities and a mixed use core. Compared with conventional suburban developments, TNDs have a higher potential to increase modal split by encouraging and accommodating alternate transportation modes. TNDs also have a higher potential for capturing internal trips, thus reducing vehicle miles traveled. This should be emphasized in the South Mills, Camden, and Shiloh study areas (see Appendix VI). 152 A dense network of narrow streets with reduced curb radii is fundamental to TND design. This network serves to both slow and disperse vehicular traffic and provide a pedestrian friendly atmosphere. Such alternate guidelines are encouraged by NCDOT when the overall design ensures that non -vehicular travel is to be afforded every practical accommodation that does not adversely affect safety considerations. The overall function, comfort, and safety of a multi -purpose or "shared" street are more important than its vehicular efficiency alone. TNDs have a high proportion of interconnected streets, sidewalks, and paths. Streets and rights -of -way are shared between vehicles (moving and parked), bicycles, and pedestrians. The dense network of TND streets functions in an interdependent manner, providing continuous routes that enhance non -vehicular travel. Most TND streets are designed to minimize through traffic by the design of the street and the location of land uses. Streets are designed to only be as wide as needed to accommodate the usual vehicular mix for that street while providing adequate access for moving vans, garbage trucks, fire engines, and school buses. It is NCDOT's intent that the development encourage walking and biking, enhance transit service opportunities, and improve traffic safety through promoting low speed, cautious driving, while fully accommodating the needs of pedestrians and bicyclists. Such developments should have the potential to reduce the number of external vehicle trips, and thus vehicle miles traveled, by 15% or more through provision of commercial, recreational, and other resident -oriented destinations within a walkable community. Traffic impacts, both on -site and off -site, should be minimized. Revise zoning and subdivision ordinances. Schedule: Fiscal Year2005- 2006. P.46 Camden County specifically supports the following transportation improvement projects: Project Number Location Description R-2574' US 158 East of NC 34 at Belcross in Camden County to NC 168 in Currituck County (widen to multiple lanes) R-2414 US 158 to NC 34 East Of Pasquotank in Elizabeth City to east of NC 34 in Belcross (widen to multiple lanes) B-4451• NC 343 Jarvis Creek Replace Bridge No. 21 153 Project Number Location Description B-4452* NC 343 Sawyer Creek Replace Bridge No. 20 B-3426' SR1224 Joyce Creek Replace Bridge No. 2 B-4453• SR 1235 Creek Replace Bridge No. 19 E-4504 US 17, US 17 Bus., SR 1243 Virginia State Line to Village of South Mills .(Mullen Road) (construct multi -use path) Refer to Table 53 on page 125 and Map 27 for further detail of TIP projects. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.47 The county supports maintaining an effective signage and addressing system for all streets, roads, and highways. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.48 The county supports state and federal funding for maintenanceldredging of the Intracoastal Waterway. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions: 1.39 Camden County will require where reasonably possible the utilization of frontage roads in non-residential development along federal and state major highways. Schedule. Fiscal Year 2005-2006. 1.40 Camden County will establish a requirement for reverse frontage lots within subdivisions to orient lots towards internal subdivision streets, not secondary roads and highways. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006. I.41 Camden Countywill require the construction of acceleration/deceleration lanes for the entrances to major commercial and residential developments. This should be accomplished through revisions to the county's subdivision ordinance. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006. I.42 Camden County will consider establishing traffic impact studies. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006. 1.43 Camden County will consider revising its subdivision ordinance to encourage the development of joint or shared driveways in newly approved subdivisions. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006. 154 1.44 The county will review and update its subdivision ordinance to ensure compliance with policies P.43 through P.48. , Schedule. Fiscal Year 2005 2006. 7. Natural Hazard Areas a. Management Go al: Camden Countywill conserve and maintain shorelines, floodplains, and other coastal features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving recognition to public health, safety, and welfare issues. b. Planning Objective: Camden County will develop policies that minimize threats to life, property, and natural resources resulting from development located in or adjacent to hazard areas, such as those subject to erosion, high winds, storm surge, flooding, or sea level rise. C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following are Camden County's policies/implementing actions for natural hazard areas. All policies are continuing activities. Policies: P.49 The county supports the enforcement of local controls and the efforts of state and federal agencies with regulatory authority to restrict development within areas up to five feet above mean high water susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.50 The county supports the installation of properly engineered and permitted bulkheads. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.51 Camden County supports the US Army Corps of Engineers' regulations *and the applicable guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and the use of local land use ordinances to regulate development of freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404 wetlands. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.52 Camden County supports relocation of structures endangered by erosion, if the relocated structure will be in compliance with all applicable policies and regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 155 P.53 Camden County recognizes the uncertainties associated with sea level rise. The rate of rise is difficult to predict. Thus, it is difficult to establish policies to deal with the effects of sea level rise. Camden County supports cooperation with local, state, and federal efforts to inform the public ofthe anticipated effects of sea level rise. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.54 Camden County supports hazard mitigation planning. Refer to the hazard mitigation plan section of this document on page 210. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.55 Camden County supports the land use densities that are specified on page 199 of this plan. Through enforcement of the zoning ordinance, these densities will minimize damage from natural hazards and support the hazard mitigation plan. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions: 1.45 Camden County will continue to enforce its Floodplain Ordinance and participate in the National Flood Insurance Program. It will rely on the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management to monitor and regulate development in areas up to five feet above mean high water susceptible to sea level rise and wetland loss. Subdivision regulations will be enforced — requiring elevation monuments to be set so that floodplain elevations can be more easily determined. Schedule. ContinuingActivity. 1.46 The county will monitor development proposals for compliance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and will continue to enforce local land use ordinances to regulate development of freshwater swamps, marshes, and 404 wetlands. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.47 Camden County permits redevelopment of previously developed areas, provided all applicable policies, regulations, and ordinances are complied with. The county will encourage redevelopment as a means for correcting housing problems, upgrading commercial structures, and historic preservation (through rehabilitation and adaptive reuse). Redevelopment, including infrastructure, should be designed to withstand natural hazards. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 156 1.48 Camden County will enforce the density controls in the zoning ordinance and subdivision ordinance in redevelopment areas to control growth intensity. Schedule. Continuing Activity. I.49 In response to possible sea level rise, Camden County will review all local building and land use related ordinances and consider establishing setback standards, density controls, bulkhead restrictions, buffer vegetation protection requirements, and building designs which will facilitate the movement of structures. Schedule: Continuing Activity. I.50 Camden County will utilize the future land use maps to control development. These maps are coordinated with the land suitability maps and proposed infrastructure maps. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 8. Water Quality a. Management Goal. Camden County will maintain, protect, and where possible enhance water quality in all coastal wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries. This should include a means of addressing the complex problems of planning for increased development and economic growth while protecting and/or restoring the quality and intended uses of the basin's surface waters. b. Planning Objective: Camden County will adopt policies for coastal waters within Camden County to help ensure that water quality is maintained if not impaired and improved if impaired. C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following provides Camden County's policies/implementing actions on water quality. Policies: P.56 The county supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act and the efforts and programs of the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management and the Coastal Resources Commission to protect the coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, estuarine shorelines, and public trust waters of Camden County. It also supports the use of best management practices recommendations of the United States Soil Conservation Service for both agricultural and forestry areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 157 P.57 Camden County supports conserving its surficial groundwater resources. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.58 The county supports commercial and recreational fishing in its waters and will cooperate with other local governments and state and federal agencies to control pollution of these waters to improve conditions so that commercial and recreational fishing will increase. It also supports the preservation of nursery and habitat areas, particularly the Great Dismal Swamp. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.59 The county supports the reforestation of clear cut timber lands and the use of best forestry management practices. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.60 Camden County opposes the disposal of any toxic wastes, as defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Listing of Hazardous Substances and Priority Pollutants (developed pursuant to the Clean Water Act of 1977), within its planning jurisdiction. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.61 Camden County recognizes the value of water quality maintenance to the protection of fragile areas and to the provision of clean water for recreational purposes and supports the control of stormwater runoff to aid in the preservation of water quality. The county will support existing state regulations relating to stormwater runoff resulting from development (Stormwater Disposal Policy 15 NCAC 2H.001-.1003). Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.62 Camden County supports regulation of underground storage tanks in order to protect its groundwater resources. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.63 Camden County supports the policy that all State of North Carolina projects should be designed to limit to the extent possible stormwater runoff into coastal waters. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.64 Camden County supports implementation of the Pasquotank River Basin Water Quality Management Plan. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.65 The county supports protection of those waters known to be of the highest quality or supporting biological communities of special importance. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 158 ' P.66 The county supports management of problem pollutants, particularly biological oxygen demand and nutrients, in order to correct existing water quality problems and to ensure protection of those waters currently supporting their uses. This effort should focus on residential development adjacent to Joyce, Areneuse, and Sawyer's Creeks. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.67 Camden County opposes the installation of package treatment plants and septic tanks or discharge of waste in any areas classified as coastal wetlands, freshwater wetlands (404), or natural heritage areas. This policy does not apply to constructed wetlands. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.68 Camden County supports the following actions by the General Assembly and the Governor: Sufficient state funding should be appropriated to initiate a program of incentives grants to address pollution of our rivers from both point sources and nonpoint sources. Schedule: Continuing Activity. An ongoing source of state funding should be developed to provide continuous support for an incentives grant program. Schedule. Continuing Activity. The decision -making process for the award of incentives grants should involve river basin organizations representing local governments and other interest groups in the review of all applications for state funding. Schedule: Continuing Activity. — The ongoing effort of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to develop administrative rules implementing the Pasquotank River Basin Management Strategy should continue to involve local government officials in the development, review, and refinement of the proposal. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.69 Camden County supports all aquaculture activities which meet applicable federal, state, and local policies and permit requirements. However, Camden County reserves the right to comment on all aquaculture activities which require Division of Water Quality permitting. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 159 P.70 Camden County objects to any discharge of water from aquaculture activities that will degrade in any way the receiving waters. The county objects to withdrawing water from aquifers or surface sources if such withdrawal will endanger water quality or water supply from the aquifers or surface sources. Schedule: Continuing Activity and to be considered in the Fiscal Year 20052006 zoning ordinance update. P.71 Camden County supports only aquaculture activities which do not alter significantly and negatively the natural environment or coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, and public trust areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.72 Camden County supports the establishment of mooring fields within its planning jurisdiction. However, the county recognizes that improperly regulated mooring fields may result in water degradation. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.73 Camden County does not support the location of floating homes within its jurisdiction. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions: 1.51 The countywill complywith CAMA and NC Division of Environmental Management stormwater runoff regulations, and by coordinating local development activities involving chemical storage or underground storage tank installation/abandonment with Camden County Emergency Management personnel and the Groundwater Section ofthe North Carolina Division of Environmental Management. The county will plan for an adequate long-range water supply. In the planning process, Camden County will cooperate with adjacent counties to protectwater resources. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.52 The countywill enforce its zoning and subdivision regulations to aid in protecting sensitive shoreline areas. It will rely on state and federal agencies to promote and protect the Great Dismal Swamp, as well as other nursery and habitat areas. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 1.53 The county will review and amend the local zoning ordinance with regard to underground chemical and gasoline storage regulations to ensure a minimum of risk to local groundwater resources. This will include revisions to the county's zoning ordinance to establish a heavy industrial district and only allow large chemical/fuel storage facilities in the heavy industrial district. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006. 160 1.54 Camden Countywill rely on the technical requirements and state program approval for underground storage tanks (40 CFR, Parts 280 and 281), and any subsequent state regulations concerning underground storage tanks adopted during the planning period. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.55 Camden County will continuously enforce, through the development and zoning permit process, all current regulations of the NC State Building Code and North Carolina Division of Health Services relating to building construction and septic tank instal I ati on/repl a cement in areas with soils restrictions. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.56 Camden County will implement the following actions through local ordinances to improve water quality (Note: these actions are especially significant in areas adjacent to Areneuse, Sawyer's, and Joyce Creeks): - Use watershed -based land use planning — Protect sensitive natural areas, including coastal wetlands Establish buffer network — Minimize impervious cover in site design Limit erosion during construction Maintain coastal growth measures — Restoration of impaired waters Management ofthe cause and sources of pollution to ensure the protection of those waters currently supporting their uses allowing for reasonable economic growth. Reduction of nutrients in Camden County waters. Schedule: Review local ordinances annually. 1.57 Preservation of wetlands is important to the protection/improvement of water quality in Camden County. The following will be implemented: — Consider preservation of large wetland areas (> one acre) in a natural state to protect their environmental value. Schedule: Continuing Activity. - Coordinate all development review with the appropriate office of the US Army Corps of Engineers and the Soil Conservation Service. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 161 Require that wetland areas be surveyed and delineated on all preliminary and final subdivision plats. Schedule: Fiscal Year20052006. Encourage cluster development in order to protect sensitive natural areas. Schedule: Fiscal Year 20052006, revised zoning and subdivision ordinances. Make wetlands acquisition a priority in future expansions of Camden County parks and recreation areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.58 Camden County will revise its zoning ordinance to regulate the location of aquaculture activities. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2005 2006. 1.59 Camden County will develop a local ordinance and a waterfront development plan to regulate the development of mooring fields. Schedule. Fiscal Year20052006. 9. Local Areas of Concern a. Management Goal: Camden County will integrate local concerns with the overall goals of CAMA in the context of land use planning. b. Planning Objective: Camden Countywill identify and address local concerns and issues, such as cultural and historic areas, scenic areas, economic development, or general health and human services needs. C. Land Use Plan Requirements: The following provides Camden County's policies/implementing actions on local areas of concern. All policies are continuing activities. Policies - Cultural. Historic, and Scenic Areas: P.74 The county supports local, state, and federal efforts to protect historic properties within its borders and to perpetuate its cultural heritage. Sites of historic significance are identified on page 77. Schedule: ContinuingActivity. P.75 Camden County supports protection and preservation of the Great Dismal Swamp which has both historic and environmental significance. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 162 Implementing Actions - Cultural. Historic, and Scenic Areas: 1.60 Camden County will guide development so as to protect historic and potentially historic properties in the county and to perpetuate the county's cultural heritage. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.61 Camden County will encourage a county -wide survey of historical sites by local volunteers or state and federal agencies and will seek grant monies within the next two years for the complete inventory of historically significant structures and sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.62 Camden County shall coordinate all housing code enforcement/redevelopment projects with the NC Division ofArchives and History, to ensure that any significant architectural details or buildings are identified and preserved. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.63 Camden County will coordinate all county public works projects with the NC Division of Archives and History, to ensure the identification and preservation of significant archaeological sites. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Policies - Economic Development: P.76 Tourism is important to Camden County and will be'supported by the county. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.77 The county will encourage development in Camden County to protect the county's resources, preserve its rural atmosphere, and simultaneously promote industrial and retail growth. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.78 The county will encourage industrial and commercial development in areas with existing infrastructure that does not infringe on existing medium density residential areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.79 Camden County supports the extension of water services from existing systems and encourages the use of central systems for new developments whether residential, commercial, or industrial in nature (see policy P.35). Schedule: Continuing Activity. 163 P.80 The county supports the location of staging areas and support facilities for energy related activities — particularly exploration. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions - Economic Development: I.64 Camden County will continue to support the activities of the North Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism; specifically, the monitoring of tourism -related industry, efforts to promote tourism -related commercial activity, and efforts to enhance and provide shoreline resources. Schedule: Continuing Activity. I.65 Camden County will continue to support the activities of the Camden County Department of Tourism. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 1.66 Camden County will support projects that will increase public access to shoreline areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.67 Camden Countywill support North Carolina Department ofTransportation projects to improve access to and within the county. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.68 Camden Countywill supportthe following in the pursuit of industrial development: -- Encourage placement of new heavy industrial development to have minimum adverse effect on the county's ecosystem and by encouraging areas of concentrations of such uses be considered first when suitable infrastructure is available consistent with the growth policy of the future land development map. Schedule: Continuing Activity. -- Re -zone additional parcels for industrial and commercial use along existing growth corridors with adequate infrastructure existing or planned and, when the need is demonstrated, provide a consistent growth policy with amendments to the future land development map when revision is needed. This will accommodate the future demand for additional industrial and commercial development in suitable areas. Schedule: Continuing Activity.. -- Encourage industrial development in industrial park sites by improving the provision of services such as water, sewer, and natural gas. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 164 1.69 Camden County will continue to maintain the Industrial Development Committee and seek grant monies to encourage and promote economic and industrial development. Schedule: Continuing Activity. Policies - General Health and Human Services Needs: - P.81 Camden County supports the continued public provision of solid waste disposal, law enforcement, and educational services to all citizens of the county. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.82 The county supports strengthening legislation to regulate off -road vehicle usage on private property. Schedule. Continuing Activity. P.83 Camden County opposes the establishment of military outlying landing fields (OLFs). Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.84 The county supports local, state, and. federal efforts to minimize the adverse impact of man-made hazards within its borders. Camden County will utilize its development controls and will rely on state and federal agencies with jurisdiction to minimize the impact of man-made hazards. Schedule: Continuing Activity. P.85 In an effort to improve health conditions, Camden County supports the following water and sewer policies: — Camden County supports the extension of central water service into all areas of the county shown on the future land suitability analysis map as suitable for development, including the construction of lines to and through conservation areas to serve development which meets all applicable state and federal regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity. The county is aware that inappropriate land uses near well fields increase the possibility ofwell contamination. Land uses near groundwater sources are regulated by the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management through NCAC Subchapter 2L and Subchapter 2C. Camden County recognizes the importance of protecting potable water supplies, and therefore supports the; enforcement of these regulations. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 165 — Camden County supports all efforts to secure available state and federal funding for the construction and/or expansion of public and private water/sewer systems. Schedule: Continuing Activity. — Camden County supports the construction ofwater systems with adequate line sizes to ensure adequate water pressure and fire protection. Schedule. Continuing Activity. - Camden Countywill continue to provide water services to county residents and will continue the process of studying the role of county government in providing sewage treatment facilities for rapidly growing areas of the county, including the construction of lines to and through conservation areas to serve development which meets all applicable state and federal regulations. The county will secure federal and state grants, when feasible, to help carry out this policy. Schedule. Continuing Activity. Implementing Actions - General Health and Human Services Needs: I.70 The county will investigate, with the Institute of Government, the use of impact fees as a way of making new development pay for the services demanded. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2006-2007. 1.71 The county will seek educational grants to subsidize continuing education at nearby colleges and universities and support community education programs. Schedule:, Continuing Activity. 1.72 Camden County officials are aware that a clean community projects a positive image for industry, new businesses, and visitors to the area and will continue to support the efforts of the Clean County Department. Complementing and supporting the primary goal of reducing litter and preserving and protecting natural resources, the Committee will address other community issues to include, but not be limited to, those listed below: The Clean County Department staff will work with schools, business and industry, civic clubs, governments, and the media to provide comprehensive involvement of the community in the Keep America Beautiful System. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 166 The Department and staff will continue to educate the public regarding alternatives to landfilling solid waste, with an educational focus on recycling and the problems and damages to the environment caused by illegal dumping. Schedule: Continuing Activity. — The county will continue assisting with beautification of county container sites. Clean-up work at container sites will continue with the availability of court assigned community service workers. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 1.73 Floodplain regulation is a concern in Camden County. To accomplish protection of public health and service needs, Camden County will: Continue to enforce the flood hazard reduction provisions of the Camden County Land Development Ordinances. Schedule: Continuing Activity. — Prohibit the installation of underground storage tanks in the 100-year floodplain. Schedule: Continuing Activity. — Zone for open space, recreational, agricultural, or other low -intensity uses within the floodplain. Schedule. Continuing Activity. Prohibit the development of any industrywithin the 100-year floodplain that may pose a risk to public health and safety. Such industries may include but not be limited to: chemical refining and processing, petroleum refining and processing, hazardous material processing, or storage facilities. Schedule. Continuing Activity. 1.74 To effectively manage Camden County's investment in existing and proposed community facilities and services, the county will: Develop a specific capital improvements plan (C1P) with emphasis placed on services and facilities which affect growth and development (see implementing action 1.34 on page 151). Schedule. Fiscal Year2006-2007. Provide the Camden County Board of Education with locational information on all residential development. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 167 , — In concert with the Camden County Board of Education, develop a plan for the protection of future school sites. Schedule: Fiscal Year 2006 2007. I.75 Camden County will provide sufficient emergency services to all residents. The county will implement the following: Require that all necessary infrastructure firefighting capability/capacity be provided in new subdivisions and developments. Schedule: Continuing Activity. — Continue to maintain an effective signage and addressing system for all streets, roads, and highways. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.76 Camden County will adopt a management plan for the proposed Camden County Landfill. That plan will address the associated land use issues identified on page 132. Schedule: FY2006-2007. Implementing Actions - Funding ptions: 1.77 Camden County will continue to support state and federal programs that are deemed necessary, cost-effective, and within the administrative and fiscal capabilities of Camden County. Schedule: Continuing Activity. These include: — Community Development Block Grant Program — Area Agency on Aging — Emergency Medical Services — JTPA Work Program — Farmer's Home House Preservation Program - Coastal Area Management Act, including shoreline access funds — Small Business Association — Economic Development Administration Funds — Farmer's Home Administration — Federal Grant Program — Federal Emergency Management Program — Aid to Families with Dependent Children — MEDICAID — Day Care — Crisis Intervention fL:l<:3 1.78 Camden County will selectively support state and federal programs related to Camden County. The county, through its boards, commissions, and committees, will monitor state and federal programs and regulations. It will use opportunities as they are presented to voice support for or to disagree with programs and regulations that are proposed by state and federal agencies. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 1.79 Camden County officials will continue to work with the Army Corps of Engineers and any other state and federal agencies to ensure continued dredging and maintenance of channels and rivers as needed to keep these facilities open to navigation. These efforts shall comply with applicable state and federal regulations. Providing borrow or spoil areas and provision of easements for work will be determined on case -by -case basis. The county would encourage spoil material being placed on those areas where easements for such use already exist. Channel maintenance has major economic significance and is worthy of state and federal funding. Schedule: Continuing Activity. 10. Schedule The policies and implementing actions which have specific time frames are summarized below; policies and implementing actions which are shown as continuing activities are not listed. Fiscal Year 2005-2006 PA 5, P.44, P.45, P.70,1.1,1.2, I.9, I.10,1.11,1.19,1.21,1.22,1.25,1.26,1.35,1.39,1.40,1.41,1.42,1.43, 1.44, 1.53, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59 Fiscal Year 2006-2007 1.15,1.27, 1.29,1.32, 1.70, 1.74, I.76 Fiscal Year 2007-2008 1.34,1.36 169 D. FUTURE LAND USE COMMUNITY/HIGHWAY CORRIDOR AREAS The growth pressure in Camden County is expected to primarily occur in the seven identified community/highway corridor areas. The key issues confronting Camden County were identified on page 6 and 7 of this plan. However, the top four key issues or future needs should be repeated in this section of the plan. These include: • Improve infrastructure. • Control growth. • Provide better opportunities in education. • Improve subdivision development. Future educational facilities and opportunities will be discussed in a later section of this plan. There are a number of development issues/guidelines which should be discussed in this section of the plan. Smart growth principles will be incorporated in proposed revisions to the Camden County Zoning and Subdivision Ordinances. In each ofthe seven community/highway corridor study areas, Camden County should incorporate the concept of "smart growth" into its future planning. In reality, this concept is not a new idea. It is simply the blending of many existing ideas. The policies and implementing actions contained in this plan are intended to be supportive of smart growth. Smart growth adheres to six basic principles which are described as follows: Principle 1 - Efficient Use of Land Resources: Smart growth supports the preservation of land and natural resources. These benefits result from compact building forms, in -fill development, and moderation in street and parking standards. Compact building patterns preserve land for town and neighborhood parks as well as local woods and wetlands. Furthermore, compact development shortens trips, lessening dependence on the automobile, and therefore reducing levels of energy consumption and air pollution. Finally, a compact development pattern supports more cost-effective infrastructure than does low -density fringe development. Principle 2 - Full Use of Urban Services: The same frugality of land development supports efficient use of public and private infrastructure. Smart growth means creating neighborhoods where more people will use existing services like water lines and sewers, roads, emergency services, and schools. Inefficient land use, whether within or outside urban areas, places a financial strain on communities trying to provide for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure needs. 170 Building compactly does not mean that all areas must be densely developed. Rather, the goal is an average density for the area, at a level that makes full use of urban services. Averaging allows for areas to have a mix of low-, medium-, and high -density development. Mixing densities to encourage efficient use of services also means requiring a high level of building and siting compatibility, encouraging neighborhoods to have both character and privacy. Careful street sizing and the accommodation of some parking on streets reduces impervious -surfaces and efficiently uses urban services by saving on land acquisition, construction, and maintenance costs. In short, streets should be sized for their use: lower density areas that have little through traffic are best served by slower, narrower streets, while transportation corridors that move district -wide traffic need wider travelways. Principle 3 - Mix of Uses: Locating stores, offices, residences, schools, and recreation spaces within walking distance of each other in compact neighborhoods with pedestrian -oriented streets promotes: • independence of movement, especially for the young and the elderlywho can conveniently walk, cycle, or ride transit; safety in commercial areas, through around -the -clock presence of people; • reduction in auto use, especially for shorter trips; • support for those who work at home, through nearby services and parks; and • a variety of housing choices, so that the young and old, singles and families, and those of varying economic ability may find places to live. Mixed -use examples include a corner store in a residential area, an apartment near or over a shop, and a lunch counter in an industrial zone. Most codes prohibit the co -location of any residential and commercial buildings. This prohibition is based on the functional and architectural incompatibility of the buildings. Using design standards, in tandem with mixed -use zoning, overcomes incompatibility. Additionally, limitations on commercial functions, such as hours of operation and delivery truck access, may be necessary. More fundamentally, to gain the full benefits of a mix of uses, buildings must be conveniently connected by streets and paths. Otherwise, people will still be inclined or required to use cars, even for the shortest trips. Principle 4 Transportation Options: Transportation must be safe, convenient, and interesting. These performance factors affect sidewalk and street design, placement of parking, and location of building fronts, doors, and windows. Well -designed bike lanes and sidewalks protect people from vehicle accidents. Orienting windows and doorways to the sidewalk increases awareness of street activity and the safety of the streetscape. 171 Convenience begins with a connected network of streets that provides alternative routes with reasonable walking distances between destinations. A properly designed network also promotes neighborhood safety by routing the heaviest traffic around neighborhoods, without sacrificing street connectivity. Providing compact, mixed -use development connected by safe, convenient, and interesting networks of streets and paths promotes: • walking, cycling, and transit as viable, attractive alternatives to driving; • less traffic congestion and air pollution; • the convenience, density, and variety of uses necessary to support transit; • a variety of alternative routes, thereby dispersing traffic congestion; and • dower traffic speeds, making neighborhoods safer. Principle 5 - Detailed, Human -Scale Design: Community acceptance of compact, mixed -use development requires compatibility between buildings to ensure privacy, safety, and visual coherency. Similar massing of buildings, orientation of buildings to the street, the presence of windows, doors, porches, and other architectural elements, and effective use of landscaping all contribute to successful compatibility between diverse building types. Human -scale design is also critical to the success of streets and paths as preferred routes for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists alike. In general, smart street design considers the role of pedestrians along with that of vehicular traffic, emphasizing the quality of the walking environment. For instance, parallel parking may be considered a hindrance to vehicle flow, but, for pedestrians and shop owners, on -street parking is a benefit because it reduces speeding traffic and protects the sidewalks. Designing streets that are balanced for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists promotes the development of community through the informal meeting of neighbors. Neighborhood safety is improved, since neighbors can more easily come to know one another and watch over each other's homes. Principle 6- Development Review: Camden County's ability to adopt smart growth principles will, of necessity, require an examination of its development review process. Primarily, the review should focus on ways that the review process can be streamlined so that developers are encouraged to apply the principles. Frustrating, costly, and time-consuming delays due, in part, to inflexible standards, regulations, and processes will discourage innovative approaches to development and design. Providing for flexibility and certainty in the application of standards, including provision 172 for performance standards and administrative approval of "minor" variances, can help promote creative development that complies with the principles. Effective use of Planned Unit Developments (PUD's) can also relieve some of the regulatory barriers for developers and lighten the administrative load for planners, as can adopting a flexible process for applying design review • Discourage strip commercial development on major collector roads that allow each lot to have direct vehicular access to the highway. Figure 3: Two alternatives for arranging commercial development along a rural highway: strip versus nodes. Within the node, stores are located toward the front of their lots, with interconnected rear parking provision. ld o amk .br..grid.db ar.. P,dmq wd...d In bo.I d b A&4Y R.w oemm.mW.buolurw qr.W eu daq M ro.d H,ph... rd Re.ddd. Synrl carnrreld a.v.bprrwr duKrW _ • w.W dr. «....,o.a. Yu«..orow br I E%WftMbr..grdW Ww ddrM. rP - PWdn/ m.vW b.k..rM rw. t8 Q Buld qp do" b.b..t P.dbq.er..n.d M bak Pr"Wwd OW q & pyt.rr.a Read P.tt.rn 174 • Encourage and preserve agricultural and forestland to protect the future of farming in Camden County. Figure 4: Two of the nation's first county -wide zoning regulations requiring developers to employ "open space design" techniques were adopted by Isle of Wight County, Virginia. These sketches illustrate two options under the new ordinance, where development density is limited to one dwelling per ten acres: preserving 50 percent of a 100-acre farm with 10 five -acre lots, or preserving 70 percent open space with 20 lots of 1.5 acres each. Source: Redman Johnston Associates, Easton, Maryland. wr susraao Earasca am -. I fli! wTA a surFutea FARM "OUG 03 y f 1 10 'P f o;iil; a 1'I'• 17 .16. 'I` B :~Y oI ° •40. 1B 'ttl 16ti ° 7 WT IRlRa• 9: s OP o =`, a. ew . �: ' • •.:'- L//NN ¢2"4A� 64, .a,E ' • �r �' Mlwii ; O w 7a aka au - K 9. ' ` 0, ormoN •C• 20- LS we lob - - 50% of tlb makdaprd 70% of ette malmNned • W wltvtlduoe _ In oPalR Wap/ aprleulbrtl uw - - •• / , ALTMN-l" 09— CONCEPT PLAI AORICOLTWRAL "OTECTION aMTNIriT K IC TIVE "NO" CONCEPT FLAT ,. AORICYLnN PROTECTION OMTaICT Figure 5: On unwooded sites, such as open fields or pastures, it is even more important to encourage (or require) clustering of new development. Even on relatively shallow sites, where there is little opportunity to locate homes far from the road, such as against a distant treeline, clustering principles can help reduce roadside clutter and preserve some open vistas. These three sketches, from Managing Change: A Pilot Study in Rural Design and Planning (Doble, et al., 1992) show techniques being advocated by the Tug Hill Commission in upstate New York, where the cost of constructing paved subdivision streets operates as a strong disincentive for rural landowners to subdivide their property in any way other than through "strip lots" along existing public roads. This example shows several gravel -surfaced shared driveways, built to standards appropriate for the amount of traffic they must accommodate. -+�.['. '' • Road n- G - ( l: t�0000 Farm Woods r - BuMnps `AOricWWral FIWdo A I •I Farm J Buudinps Sls 'Frontage Lots' i Farm 11I BuROinga Savan•Lot Ruldentlal Cluster C 175 • Reduce traffic congestion and safety problems. Figure 6: Conventional development with poor connectivity: travel requires use of the collector streets, causing congestion and discouraging pedestrians and cyclist (top). Smart growth with interconnected street system, allowing a variety of transportation options and shorter trips (bottom). Mail Apartments Houses oo 0 a o O° OO o ° o° ®• Undesirable • p°Oo M a °ap i/U]1 O a ° ° ° ° a School ® p O no a o' p A ® o o MALL ° O°°O ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ® Desirable OO a s O°O° °O O O O O O Op °a oa Houses G 0 ° oa a00000 ° o° a000 00 0 ° c o0po a000000°o a000 o-oo o School o ° �o 0 • Preserve large wetland areas (> one acre) in a natural state to protect their environmental value. Figure 7: Conventional two -acre lot subdivision with homes located on sensitive but buildable land, compared with improved layouts protectingthose resource areas, as encouraged by new regulations adopted by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection. a � CIF i �F x �Y�ar r A � � M Ills 0 Sensitive area ® Easement or deed resWdJon 176 Figure 8: Reducing lot size can sometimes help subdivision designers locate all homes on the better soils contained within a development site. On the left, some of the thirteen 2.5-acre lots would have septic systems on marginal soils, barely meeting minimum legal requirements, because these lots contain nothing better. By decreasing lots to one acre in size, all thirteen can be laid out to contain deeper, drier soils (with all wetlands in the open space preservation area, a treed island at the end of the street, and a future street and/or trail connection to adjoining properties). Sometimes such arrangements require a few"flag lots" with a relatively narrow strip of land providing driveway access, a very useful design approach that should generally be allowed, subject to certain safeguards to prevent abuses.(such as the infamous "rat-tail" subdivisions with numerous lots having long, snake -like appendages connecting the lots to a distant public road —all to avoid the cost of providing internal streets). Y Better soils At t;WetkA y �vx , �� 1 Marginal soils Thirteen two -and -one -halt acre lots' Thirteen one -acre lots Six on marginal soil. All on better soil E. FUTURE LAND USE MAPS 1. Introduction The future land use maps depict application of the policies for growth and development, the desired future patterns of land use and land development, and future water and sewer service areas with consideration given to natural system constraints and infrastructure policies. The future land use maps must include the following: • 14-digit hydrological units encompassed by the planning area. • Areas and locations planned for conservation or open space and a description of compatible land uses and activities. 177 Areas and locations planned for future growth and development with descriptions of the following characteristics: — Predominant and supporting land uses that are encouraged in each area; — Overall density and development intensity planned for each area; and Infrastructure required to support planned development in each area. Areas in existing developed areas for infill, preservation, and redevelopment. Existing and planned infrastructure, including major roads, water, and sewer. • Reflect the information depicted on the Composite Map of Environmental Conditions (Map 10), Map of Existing Land Suitability Analysis (Map 23), and Map of Future Land Suitability Analysis (Map 26). 2. Future Land Use Acreages In -fill development will be limited to the South Mills, Shiloh, and Camden communities.. The county believes that the future land use maps and associated goals and implementing actions are consistentwith the land suitability analysis. Table 54 provides a summary ofthe estimated future land use acreages, Table 55 and 56 provides a summary of the estimated future land use acreages by subbasin, and Table 57 provides a comparison of the future and existing land use acreages. Please note: Tables 54 through 57 summarize existing and future land use acreages. These tables reflect future decreases in some future land use categories as a result of reflecting data shown on Maps 10, 23, and 26. Based on these maps, some areas are committed to the conservation categories on the future land use maps. The future land use plan map depicts areas for development which are geographically consistent with medium suitability and high suitability areas depicted on the existing land suitability map (Map 23, page 105). All future land use acreages are based on suitability of land for development and not forecast market demand for future acreages. Table 58 starting on page 184 provides future acreage demand based on market growth. 178 Table 54 Camden County and Study Areas Future Land Use Acreages STUDY AREAS County Minus South Mills Camden Shiloh Highway 343 Highway 343 Highway 17 Highway 158 Entire LAND USE Study Areas Community Community Community Corridor South Corridor North Corridor Corridor County Moderate Density 1,936.83 443.20 204.42 163.40 1,115.76 0.00 0.00 26.87 3,890.48 Residential Low Density Residential 21,003.27 1,385.88 730.56 1,167.64 6,934.23 1,751.00 4,655.53 0.00 37,628.11 Agricultural Planned Unit 0.00 175.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 175.02 Development/Mixed Use Commercial 94.71 80.74 69.22 0.00 13.40 0.00 45.71 0.00 303.78 Community Core 6.88 40.10 209.68 17.98 35.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 310.48 Industrial 1,289.62 10.91 247.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 452.66 116.90 2,117.27 Conservation 101,145.45 624.25 392.94 314.01 1,471.51 328.55 1,784.93 70.99 106,132.63 Total 125,476.76 2,760.10 1,854.00 1,663.03 9,570.74 2,079.55 6,938.83 214.76 150,557.77 NOTE: All study areas fall into subbasin 03-10-50 with the exception of Highway 343 Corridor South and Highway 158 Corridor. The Highway 343 Corridor South has 77% in subbasin 03-10-50 and 23% in subbasin 03-10-54. The Highway 158 Corridor has 30% in subbasin 03-10-50 and 70% in subbasin 03-10-54. Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. - 179 Table 55 SUBBASIN 03-01-50 ACREAGE (Percentage of county in subbasin -- 74.3916) Land Use Acreage by Land Use % of Total Acreage Moderate Density Residential 2,480 2.22% Low Density ResidentiaVAgricultural 31,589 28.23% Planned Unit Development/Mixed Use 175 0.16 % Commercial 299 0.27% Community Core 275 0.25% Industrial 1,647 1.47 % Conservation 75,415 67.40% Total 111,880 100.00% Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003). Table 56 SUBBASIN 03-01-54 ACREAGE (Percentage of county in subbasin -- 25.7%) Land Use Acreage by Land Use % of Total Acreage Moderate Density Residential 1,408 3.64% Low Density ResidentiaVAgricultural 6,040 15.62% Planned Unit Development/Mixed Use 0 0.00% Commercial 5 0.01% Community Core 36 0.09% Industrial 447 1.16% Conservation 30,741 79.48% Total 38,677 100.00% Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. (April, 2003). 180 Table 57 Camden County and Study Areas Existing vs. Future Land Use Acreages South Mills Community Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 2,447 1,386 -43.36% Medium Density Residential 261 618 +136.78% Commercial 52 121 +132.69% Industrial 0 11 0.00% Conservation/Recreational 0 624 0.00% Total 2,760 2,760 Camden Community Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 1,491 731 -50.97% Medium Density Residential 143 204 +42.66% Commercial 173 279 +61.279o, Industrial 0 247 0.00% Conservation/Recreational 47 393 +736.17% Total _ 1,854 1,854 Shiloh Community Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 1,469 1,168 -20.49% Medium Density Residential 180 163 -9.44% Commercial 14 18 +28.57% Industrial 0 0 0.00% Conservation/Recreational 0 314 0.00% Total 1,663 1,663 Highway 343 Corridor South Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 8,354 6,934 -17.00% Medium Density Residential 735 1,116 +51.84% Commercial 482 49 -89.93% Industrial 0 0 0.00% Conservation/Recreational 0 1,472 0.00% Total 9,571 9,571 181 Table 57 (continued) Highway 343 Corridor North Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential ' 1,972 1,751 -11.21% Medium Density Residential 108 0 -100.00% Commercial 0 0 0.00% Industrial 0 0 0.00% Conservation/Recreational 0 329 0.00% Total 2,080 - 2,080 Highway 17 Corridor Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 5,607 4,655 -16.98% Medium Density Residential 164 0 -100.00% Commercial 1,168 46 -96.06% Industrial 0 453 0.00% Conservation/Recreational 0 1,785 0.00% Total 6,939 6,939 Highway 158 Corridor Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 206 0 -100.00% Medium Density Residential 7 26 +271.43% Commercial 0 0 0.00% Industrial 0 116 0.00% Conservation/Recreational 0 71 0.00% Total 213 213 Camden County Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 119,164 37,628 -68.42% Medium Density Residential 3,389 4,065 +19.95% Commercial 1,151 614 -46.66% Industrial 1,381 2,117 +53.29% Conservation/Recreational 25,472 106,133 +316.67% Total 150,557 150,557 182 Table 57 (continued) Camden County Minus Study Areas Land Use Existing Land Use Future Land Use % Change Low Density Residential 98,323 21,003 +78.64% Medium Density Residential 1,009 1,937 +91.97% Commercial 848 101 88.09% Industrial 1,870 1,290 31.02% - Conservation/Recreational 23,426 101,145 +331.76% Total 125,476 125,476 Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. The following table summarizes fifteen (15) year market increases in acreages for the various land use categories. This forecast is the projected need. The growth rates are based on the historical records of building permits which are provided in Table 39. Due to the growth dynamics, it is imperative that the county constantly monitor the data included in Table 58. The growth rates utilized in the village and highway corridor areas (44% annual) were twice those utilized in the remaining portions of the county (20% annual). This growth demand will require the county to continue funding an expansion of its infrastructure systems, thereby increasing the inventory of land which will be suitable for development. Without infrastructure expansion, Camden County cannot accommodate the anticipated growth demands. The growth rates that were utilized to determine the future land use acreages were based on the number of building permits issued between 1999 and 2003. While this data is limited, it predicts growth trends based on the most recent and accurate data. We assumed a 44% growth rate for Medium Density Residential areas, and a 30%growth rate for Commercial. Industrial development is expected to occur within the following study areas: Highway 158 Corridor, Highway 17, Camden, and South Mills as well as unincorporated portions ofthe county. A 10%growth rate was applied for industrial development in these areas. Additionally, future development of medium density, commercial, and industrial development will reduce the amount of low. density residentiaVconservation/recreationaVvacant acreage throughout the county. The acreage of the study areas will remain consistent, due to the fact that these are not incorporated areas, and therefore do not have the authority to annex or establish an ETJ. It should also be noted that for the purposes ofthese estimates, the existing land use category of office and institutional has been combined with commercial, and the category of agricultural/open space/low density residential has been combined to form the low density residentiaVconservation/recreationaVvacant category. 183 Table 58 Camden County and Study Areas Acreage Forecast Based on Market Growth Demand South Mills Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 2,447 2,315 2,129 1,864 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 261 376 541 779 Commercial 52 67 88 114 Industrial 0 2 2 3 Total 2,760 2,760 2,760 2,760 Camden Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 1,538 1,405 1,245 1,025 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 143 206 297 427 Commercial 173 225 292 380 Industrial 0 18 20 22 Total 1,854 1,854 1,854 1,854 Shiloh Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 1,469. 1,386 1,266 1,095 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 180 259 373 537 Commercial 14 18 24 31 Industrial 0 0 0 0 Total 1,663 1,663 1,663 1,663 Highway 343 Corridor South Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 8,354 7,886 7,232 6,317 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 735 1,058 1,524 2,195 Commercial 482 627 815 1,059 Industrial 0 0 0 0 Total 9,571 9,571 9,571 9,571 184 Table 58 (continued) Highway 343 Corridor North` Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 1,972 1,923 1,855 1,756 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 108 156 - 224 322 Commercial 0 1 1 2 Industrial 0 0 0 0 Total 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 Highway 17 Corridor Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 5,607 5,165 4,603 3,859 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 164 236 340 490 Commercial 1,168 1,518 1,974 2,566 Industrial 0 20 22 24 Total 6,939 6,939 6,939 6,939 Highway 158 Corridor*" Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 206 167 159 148 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 7 10 14 21 Commercial 0 0 0 0 Industrial 0 36 40 44 Total 213 213 213 213 Camden County Minus Study Areas Land Use Existing Land Use 2010 2015 2020 Low Density Residential/Conservation/ 121,749 120,864 119,688 118,111 RecreationaWacant Medium Density Residential 1,009 1,453 2,092 3,013 Commercial 848 1,102 1,433 1,863 Industrial 1,870 2,057 2,263 2,489 Total 125,476 125,476 125,476 125,476 'The commercial growth for the Highway 343 corridor was based on the future land use map. The commercial growth in these areas is anticipated to occur within the commercial nodes indicated on Map 34. Because of this, the acreage growth from the present to 2010 is minimal, and the growth rate applied is estimated to coincide with the other study areas. "Based on the future land use map, the Highway 158 corridor is expected to develop as primarily industrial. Commercial development along this corridor is expected to be minimal. Because of this, 30% of the acreage within this area targeted for industrial development on the future land use map was established as the number of acres to be developed by the year 2010. Beyond that, a growth rate of 30% was utilized through 2020. This was done to address the fact that the county anticipates this area will develop as a primarily industrial corridor. 185 The following provides a summary of the October, 2004, estimated costs for the proposed infrastructure and community facilities needs identified in this plan in Section V (G), page 118: Water System Improvements $ 7,800,000 Sewer System Improvements $ 9,800,000 Transportation improvements $62,525,000 Educational Improvements $17,000,000 Camden County Landfill $ 250,000 South Mill Fire Department Building $ 384,000* Shiloh Fire Department Building $ 384,000* *Does not include land cost. 3. Future Land Use Maps There are nine future land use maps included in this document (see Maps 29 through 37). These include the Camden County Future Land Use Map and the individual study area maps for the following: • South Mills Community. Camden Community. • Shiloh Community. • Highway 343 South Corridor. • Highway 343 North Corridor. • Highway 17 Corridor. • Highway 158 Corridor. Additionally, a map is included depicting the portions of the county outside of the defined study areas. Based on this plan, the allowable densities for future land use are governed by the county zoning ordinance. The Land Use Plan is the foundation for the density and intensity in the county's Zoning Ordinance. Zoning district definitions and allowable densities are shown on page 199. All future land use maps are linked to the wetlands map, existing and future land suitability maps, historic site map, natural heritage area map, flood hazard map, and environmental composite map. The sensitive areas are included in the conservation areas depicted on the future land use map. 186 MAP 29 �- 03010205010020 03010205070010 Notes: 1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and .0207 Public Trust Areas. 2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale these areas cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field through CAMA review and permit approval. 3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. 4. Conservation areas are an approximation and locations may not be precise. These areas are designated conservation due to proximity to wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404 Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/ determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers Personnel through individual on -site analysis. ------- - - - - -- ---- I - - - - - - - -C' w-_ - 03010205020010 03010205050010 03010205040010 03010205030010 it Ibemarle Sound a Camden County Land Use Plan Future Land Use Legend r`' Subbasin 03-01-50 1 Subbasin 03-01-54 N14 Digit Hydrologic Code - Hydrology NExisting Water Lines I % .1 Future Sewer Lines NFuture Water Lines Future Land Use Commercial Community Core Conservation I ndustnal Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater) - Moderate Density Residential (R-2 (minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet)) Planned Unit Development (3-4 dwelling units per acre) Camden County has no existing sewer lines. 'The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. 10 0 10 20 Miles The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 187 - - r/ South Mills falls completer Into the 03010205010020 Watershed. Notes: 1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and .0207 Public Trust Areas. 2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale these areas cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field through CAMA review and permit approval. 3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. 4. Conservation areas are an approximation and locations may not be precise. These areas are designated conservation due to proximity to wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404 Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/ determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers Personnel through individual on -site analysis. k 1� e \Ole 17 �\ ��` �• 17 -lo. MAP 30 Camden County Land Use Plan South Mills Study Area Future Land Use Legend r\ Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 HWY 17 Corridor OSouth Mills Study Area N14 Digit Hydrologic Code NFuture Water Lines J Future Sewer Lines it NExisting Water lines Future Land Use Commercial Community Core Conservation Industrial Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater) - Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet)) - Planned Unit Development (3-4 dwelling units per acre) " Camden County has no existing sewer lines. The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. a Notes: 1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and .0207 Public Trust Areas. 2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale these areas cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field through CAMA review and permit approval. j 3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. 4. Conservation areas are an approximation and locations may not be precise. These areas are designated conservation due to proximity to wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404 Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/ determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers Personnel through individual on -site analysis. 030109,05050010 0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 Miles MAP 31 Camden County Land Use Plan Camden Study Area Future Land Use Legend Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 O14 Dltgit Hydrologic Code NExisting Waterlines Future Sewer Unes f-V Future Waterlines OCamden Study Area Hydrology Future Land Use Commercial Community Core Conservation Industrial Low Density Residential/ Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater) Moderate Density Residential (R-2 minimum lot size 40,000 sq. ft.) Camden Study Area is in Subbasin 03-01-50. Camden County has no existing sewer lines. N W-7 Rc nxF-�1u c rls r.p .vas lnnrcxY r pM mm�r+ n g'anl n xculrl llriaimrm�t �-miJr<+=' Inw,h fu.JY YAv� lv Je rewbl 2va+ Ah.+y<ne� <.1 v. lyn w •non M'In+ �. vnkina� ey ne Mn ami Drrvrr. aq l.Ims n. xnr�lnniW.nrreni Mtl I-. MAP 32 Notes: 1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and .0207 Public Trust Areas. 2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale these areas cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field through CAMA review and permit approval. 3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. 4. Conservation areas are an approximation and locations may not be precise. These areas are designated conservation due to proximity to wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404 Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/ determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers Personnel through individual on -site analysis. A 0s 03010205050010 osl Camden County Land Use Plan Shiloh Study Area Future Land Use Legend I ` Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 N14 Digit Hydrologic Code OShiloh Study Area NExisting Water Lines Future Sewer Lines Future Water Lines - Hydrology Future Land Use Community Core r .. Conservation Low Density Residential/AgricuRural (1-2 acres or greater) Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet)) * Camden County has no existing sewer lines. The preparation of this map was financed in part / through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided Shiloh Study Area falls by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as completely in Subbasin 03-01-50 amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 0.25 0 0.25 0.5 075 1 Miles O ; 190 MAP 33 Camden County Land Use Plan Highway South 343 Corridor Study Area Future Land Use Legend / Subbasin 03-01-50 f" Subbasin 03-01-54 N14 Digit Hydrologic Code O343 South Corridor NExisting Water Lines NFuture Water Lines Future Sewer Lines +k - Hydrology Future Land Use Commercial Community Core Conservation Industrial Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater) a Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40,000 Sq Feet)) - Planned Unit Development (3-4 dwelling units per acre) * Camden County has no existing sewer lines. *The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. 0.5 0 0.5 1 Mlles The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Y 0301020501 020 - Notes: 1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 71-1.0206 Estuarine Waters and .0207 Public Trust Areas. 2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale these areas cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field through CAMA review and permit approval. 3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. 4. Conservation areas are an approximation and locations may not be precise. These areas are designated conservation due to proximity to wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404 Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/ determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers Personnel through individual on -site analysis. v 03010„ 5050, 110\ , r -" 1 _- I I \ i I � I 03010205030010 03010205040010 3 343 MAP 34 Camden County Land Use Plan Highway North 343 Corridor Study Area Future Land Use Legend rJ Subbasin 03-01-50 / `1 Subt sin 03-01-54 rv14 Digit Hydrobgic Code O343 Study Corridor OCounty Boundary - Hydrology Commecial Node rvExisting Water Lines rvFuture Water Lines VFuture Sewer Lines Future Land Use Commercial Community Core Conservation • Industrial Low Density Residenual/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater) - Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot sire of 40,000 Sq Feet)) • Planned Unit Development (34 dwelling units per acre) Camden County has no existing sewer lines. 'The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. 0.5 0 0.5 1 Miles The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 192 17 03010205010020 O \ XY N 03010205020010 35 Camden County Land Use Plan Highway 17 Corridor Study Area Future Land Use Legend rJ Subbasin 03-01-50 / \.1 Subbasin 03-01-54 rv14 Digit Hydrologic Code OHighway 17 Corridor Study Area - Commercial Node NExisting Water Linea rvFuture Water Lines Future Sewer Lines Future land Use Commercial Community Core Conservation - industrial Low Density Residential/Agncultural (1-2 acres or greater) • Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot sire of 40,000 Sq Feet)) t' Planned Und Dewlopmenl (34 dwelling units per acre) " Camden County has no existing sewer lines. o 'The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. N \11 0.5 0 0.5 1 Miles The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 193 Notes: 1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and .0207 Public Trust Areas. 2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale these areas cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field through CAMA review and permit approval. 3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. 4. Conservation areas are an approximation and locations may not be precise. These areas are designated conservation due to proximity to wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404 Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/ determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers Personnel through individual on -site analysis. 010 1 ►1 ta. J 158 i MAP 36 Camden County Land Use Plan Highway 158 Corridor Study Area Future Land Use Legend (� Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 N14 Digit Hydrologic Code OHWY 158 Corridor NFuture Water Lines NExisting Water Lines Future Land Use Commercial Conservation Industrial Low Density Residential/Agricultural (1-2 acres or greater) - Moderate Density Residential (R-2 ( minimum lot size of 40.000 Sq Feet)) `The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. N \\ E 0.2 0 0.2 Miles The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. )3010205010020 03010205070010 Notes: 1. All waters under the jurisdiction of Camden County are either estuarine waters or public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC 7H.0206 Estuarine Waters and .0207 Public Trust Areas. 2. All areas lying 0-75' landward of the mean high water level of estuarine waters are classified as estuarine shorelines. Because of the map scale these areas cannot be accurately mapped. Precise locations must be determined in the field through CAMA review and permit approval. 3. Coastal wetland areas exist in Camden County. Because of map scale, coastal wetland areas must be determined through on -site analysis. 4. Conservation areas are an approximation and locations may not be precise. These areas are designated conservation due to proximity to wetlands. Conservation areas include some 404 Wetland Areas. Those jurisdictions/ determinations can only be made by Corps of Engineers Personnel through individual on -site analysis. A All _m______________________I________r_�__________.� 03010205020010 le 03010205050010 MAP 37 Camden County Land Use Plan County Minus Study Areas Future Land Use Legend r J Subbasin 03-01-50 Subbasin 03-01-54 14 Digit Hydrologic Code f' Study Areas fVFuture Water Lines I \. / Future Sewer Lines NExisting Water Lines Hydrology Future Land Use Commercial Community Core Conservation Industrial Low Density Residential/Agricultural Moderate Density Residential Camden County has no existing sewer lines. 'The orange and blue dash line represent the shared boundary between Subbasin 03-01-50 and Subbasin 03-01-54. N W E S 10 0 10 20 Miles The preparation of this map was financed in part through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The land uses in each of these areas have been coordinated with the county's zoning ordinance and are classified as follows: Moderate Density Residential R-2 Mixed Single -Family Residential. This district is designed to control the development of moderate density residential neighborhoods characterized by a mixture of single-family dwelling types in relatively close proximity to the three core villages of Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills, as appropriate. This district is intended to provide moderate cost housing options for residents, to restrict the encroachment of mixed residential types in other districts, and to restrict the encroachment of incompatible business uses (farm related or other) in established residential areas. Low Densitv ResidentiallALyricultural R-1 Mixed Village Residential. This district is designed to provide for low -density residential development in areas that do not intrude into areas primarily devoted to agriculture in or near the three core villages of Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills, as appropriate. R 3 Basic Residential. These districts are designed to provide for low density residential development in areas that are adjacent to those areas primarily devoted to agriculture. In addition, it is not intended for the placement of any manufactured homes within this district. Except as otherwise stated, or if the context of the use indicates otherwise, when the term "R-3 district" is used in this plan, it shall refer to both the R-3-1 district and the R-3-2 district. • The R-3-1 district is an R-3 district having.lots of one or more acres in size. • The R-3-2 district is an R-3 district having lots of two or more acres in size. GUD General Use. This district is established to allow opportunities for very low density residential development and bona fide farms, along with agricultural and related agricultural uses (i.e., timber, horticulture, silviculture, and aquaculture). 196 Planned Unit DeveloomentlMixed Use This district is defined as the total development of one or more parcels physically connected by one central control or ownership. Through PUD, the county desires to foster development of land that has a higher degree of consideration of physical features and natural constraints to development than would be possible under general zoning or subdivision regulations. PUD is expected to promote a more efficient use of the land, a higher level of amenities, and more creative design than would otherwise be possible. Commercial CCD Community Core. This district is designed to provide the core commercial use in the county's three villages, Camden, Shiloh, and South Mills, to help meet social, shopping, employment, and some housing needs of the county's rural residents in a village -type environment. Areas with this designation have historically been considered the "towns" of the county, or have the potential to fall into this category in the future, and contain a unique mix of uses in close proximity of each other. The goals of this district are: • To preserve this special mix while minimizing conflicts between uses; and • To allow only development that can adequately be served with public amenities. NCD Neighborhood Commercial. This district is designed primarily to encourage the concentration of commercial facilities, as necessary, outside the core villages but still in clusters, and to provide readily accessible shopping facilities for rural residents. The district differs from the community core district in that uses are limited to small commercial and service businesses whose market is primarily those residents within the immediate vicinity. These districts shall be limited to between two and four acres in size and typically located near intersections. The Neighborhood Commercial district is also designed to include very limited kinds of water -related commercial activities to serve a waterfront neighborhood. HC Highway Commercial., This district is designed to provide for and encourage the proper grouping and development of roadside uses that will best accommodate the needs of the motoring public along US 17, US 158, and NC 343. In addition, commercial uses served by large trucks and other intense commercial uses shall be encouraged to locate in these districts. These regulations are intended to control those aspects of development that affect adjacent residential land use, traffic flow, and the capacity of the land to absorb development. Specifically prohibited in this district are uses which create a hazardous or noxious effect and junkyards. 197 MC Marine Commercial. This district is designed to provide for the development of businesses which depend upon or are significantly related to waterfront and tourist locations. The district regulations are imposed so that services and commodities required by users of the county's waterways shall be provided in a manner that does not adversely affect the waters that attract those users or adjacent land users. Commercial Node. Nodes are typically placed at the intersections of major thoroughfares. These nodes serve as community focus areas. Focus areas are concentrations of high intensity land use. The location and size of these commercial areas are not intended to be static. As the land around these commercial areas develops, larger node definitions, and possibly even shifts in location from one area to another, may be warranted. As commercial development takes place in the outlying areas of the county's planning jurisdiction, it should be buffered from surrounding areas by less intense/dense land uses. Industrial I-1 Light Industrial. This district is designed to provide space for industries, wholesale and warehouse facilities, and some related service establishments which can be operated in a relatively clean and quiet manner and which will not be obnoxious to adjacent residential or commercial districts. Buffer zones should be provided between industrial and non -industrial land uses. Conservation The conservation class is designated to provide for effective long-term management of significant limited or irreplaceable areas which include the following categories: natural resource fragile areas, coastal wetlands, 404 wetlands, estuarine shorelines, primary nursery areas, and estuarine and public trust waters. Policy statements in this plan address the county's intentions under this classification and support the 15A NCAC 7H CAMA regulations for protection of AFC's. 198 The development/land use densities are summarized as follows: District Density Regulations R-1 Mixed Village Residential 40,000 square feet R-2 Mixed Single -Family Residential 40,000 square feet R-3 Basic Residential R-3-1 1 acre R-3-2 2 acres ` GUD General Use 5 acres PUD Planned Unit Development/Mixed Use" Areas identified for residential uses only 3 dwelling units per acre Areas identified for residential uses only when all of the 4 dwelling units per acre residential and commercial structures within the PUD are connected to a public sewer system CCD Community Core With connection to public water system 20,000 square feet With connection to public water and sewer system 10,000 square feet NCD Neighborhood Commercial 40,000 square feet HC Highway Commercial 40,000 square feet MC Marine Commercial 40,000 square feet I-1 Light Industrial 40,000 square feet C Conservation Should include R-1, R-2, R-3, and PUD densities 'Density calculations will not include commercial areas. Thirty-five percent (35%) ofthe non-CAMA area intended for residential development ofthe tract shall be common open space. Fifty percent (50%) of open space must be designed for passive or active recreation, including but not limited to walking, jogging, hiking, bicycling, and other uses which involve general pedestrian access. These density standards shall apply to both new development and redeveloped areas. NOTE: Refer to Map 24, page 111. SECTION VII. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT A. GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING The introduction for the Plan for the Future Section (page 134) describes the role of the policies and future land use maps in local decisions regarding land use and development. It is intended that this document be an integral part ofthe Camden County decision making process concerning future land use. This document should be consulted prior to any decision being made by Camden County staff, Planning Board, and/or Board of Commissioners concerning land use and development. B. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM The existing management program includes the following ordinances: Camden County Code, North Carolina Building Code, Septic Tank Regulations, National Flood Insurance Program, and the 1993 Camden County Land Use Plan. Preparation of the 1993 Land Use Plan was coordinated with the land use related codes. The Camden County Board of Commissioners encourages the county's Planning Board and staff to utilize the 1993 Land Use Plan as a guide in making land use related decisions. C. ADDITIONAL TOOLS Camden County will utilize the following additional tools to implement this plan: Conduct annual training sessions for the Camden County Planning Board and Board of Adjustment. • The Planning Department staff, in concertwith the Planning Board, shall prepare an annual report assessing the effectiveness of plan implementation. This report shall be presented to the Camden County Board of Commissioners. • At a minimum, update the Land Use Plan and implementation process every five years. • Revise the Camden County land use regulatory ordinances to accomplish the following: Improve definitions 200 — Improve planned unit development, cluster development, and open space subdivision development provisions Incorporate traditional neighborhood development design standards Incorporate landscaping and buffering requirements Improve road design standards Improve site plan requirements — Require reverse frontage lots within subdivisions Require interconnected street systems — Improve control of curb cuts Incorporate provisions for the dedication of parks/open space — Develop industrial park standards • Prepare a county -wide recreation and shoreline access plan. • Prepare a capital improvements plan/program to address the following: water, sewer, stormwater, and transportation. D. ACTION PLAN/SCHEDULE 1. Citizen Participation For the preparation of this plan, the Camden County Board of Commissioners adopted a citizen participation plan on February 27, 2003. A copy of that plan is included as Appendix 1. Following adoption of this plan, Camden County will implement the following to ensure adequate citizen participation: • The county will encourage public participation in all land use decisions and procedure development processes and encourages citizen input via its boards, commissions, and agencies. • Camden County will advertise all meetings of the Camden County Planning Board and Board of Adjustment through newspaper advertisements and public service announcements. • Camden Countywill utilize advisory committees to assess and advise the county on special planning issues/needs. 201 • The county -will, at least annually, conduct a joint meeting of the Camden County Board of Commissioners and the county's Planning Board to identify planning issues/needs. • The county will establish a Planning Department web -site for better public information access. The site will include this plan. • All public hearings for changes to land use related ordinances which affect AECs shall include in the notice a specific description of the impact of the proposed change on the AECs Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory committees has a broad cross section of Camden County's citizenry. 2. Action Plan/Schedule Refer to Section VI for the schedule of implementing actions. E. RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN/POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF LAND USE PLAN POLICIES Camden County believes that the policies, management goals, planning objectives, and land use plan requirements contained in this document will have positive impacts for the county. However, the following could have some negative impacts: • Transportation improvements in sensitive areas. • Infrastructure improvements which extend through sensitive environmental areas. • Potential infringement of growth on sensitive areas. • Negative impact of population growth on the Camden County School System. • Overall negative impact on the capacity of Camden County's facilities. The management objectives, policies, and implementing actions address the issues associated with these possible negative impacts. Mitigating polices are stated in the conservation policies, page 147; stormwater control policies, page 148; infrastructure carrying capacity, page 149; and water quality, page 157. 202 Table 59 Camden County Policy Analysis Matrix- Land Use Plan Management Topics Policy Benchmarks - Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D) Public Access Land Use Compatibility Infrastructure Natural Hazards Water Quality Local Concerns Management Topics • more planned access • reduction in habitat • water, sewer, and • land uses and • land use and • preservation of locations loss and fragmentation other key community development patterns development criteria cultural, historic, and • upgrades to existing related to impacts of facilities and services that reduce vulnerability and measures that scenic areas access locations land use and being available in to natural hazards abate impacts that • support of economic development required locations at • land uses and degrade water quality development • reduction of water adequate capacities to development patterns • development of resource and water support planned that take into account human resources quality degradation community growth and the existing and planned Land Use and development patterns capacity of evacuation Development Policies infrastructure Public Access: P.1 - P.5 P.1 (B), P.2 (B), P.3 (B), P.4 (B), P.5 (B) Land Use Compatibility: P.6 (N), P.7 (N), P.8 (B), P.6 - P.31 P.9 (D), P.10 (N), P.11 (N), P.12 (B), P.13 (B). P.14 (N), P.15 (B), P.16 (N), P.17 (N). P.18 (N), P.19 (B), P.20 (B), P.21 (B). P.22 (N), P.23 (N), P.24 (B), P.25 (N), P.26 (B), P.27 (N). P.28 (N), P.29 (B), P.30 (B), P.31 (N) Infrastructure: P.32 - P.48 P.32 (B), P.33 (B), P.34 (B), P.35 (B), P.36 (N), P.37 (D), P.38 (D), P.39 (D); P.40 (B), P.41 (B), P.42 (B), P.43 (N), P.44 (N), P.45 (N), P.46 (B), P.47 (N), P.48 (N), Natural Hazards: P.49 (B), P.50 (N), P.51 (N), P.49 - P.55 P.52 (B), P.53 (B), P.54 (B), P.55 (B) Table 59 (continued) Policy Benchmarks - Indicate whether policy beneficial (B), neutral (N), or detrimental (D) Public Access Land Use Compatibility Infrastructure Natural Hazards Water Quality Local Concerns Management Topics • more planned access • reduction in habitat • water, sewer, and • land uses and • land use and • preservation of locations loss and fragmentation other key community development patterns development criteria cultural, historic, and • upgrades to existing related to impacts of facilities and services that reduce vulnerability and measures that scenic areas access locations land use and being available in to natural hazards abate impacts that •'support of economic development required locations at • land uses and degrade water quality development • reduction of water adequate capacities to development patterns • development of resource and water support planned that take into account human resources quality degradation community growth and the existing and planned Land Use and development patterns capacity of evacuation Development Policies infrastructure Water Quality: P.56 - P.73 P.56 (B), P.57 (N), P.58 (B), P.59 (B), P.60 (B), P.61 (B), P.62 (B), P.63 (N), P.64 (B), P.65 (N), P.66 (B), P.67 (B), P.68 (B), P.69 (B), P.70 (N), P.71 (B), P.72 (B), P.73 (B) Local Concerns: P.74 (B), P.75 (B), P.74 - P.84 P.76 (B), P.77 (B), P.78 (B), P.79 (B), P.80 (B), P.81 (B), P.82 (B), P.83 (B), P.84 (B), P.85 (D) 204 Notes to the Policy Analysis Matrix: 1. Public Access PA (B) - P.5 (B) - Policies PA through P.5 all pertain to the provision and improvement of public access within Camden County. All policies included in the plan either improve existing facilities, or provide for the construction of additional public access sites in compliance with NC -CAMA standards. The county views public waterfront and estuarine access as a key to tourism and economic development in the county. Providing easy public access to environmentally sound areas of the county will assist in these efforts, as well as provide additional recreational opportunities for county residents, 2. Land Use Compatibility P.8 (B) - This policy restricts the occurrences of rezoning from residential to non-residential uses. By implementing this policy, residential development will be maintained throughout the county according to existing zoning districts, and development of commercial and industrial facilities will be restricted to portions ofthe county supporting this zoning classification. This will concentrate non-residential development into specific areas, making it easier to deal with issues ofstormwater control and water quality associated with large commercial and industrial developments. P.9 (D) High density residential construction will inevitably occur within Camden County. Although high density development of any kind will be potentially detrimental to water quality in adjacent drainage basins, the county must require that this development take place where supporting infrastructure is present. P.12 (B) - Through discouraging development in areas designated as low density/agricultural on the Future Land Use Map, the county is setting a precedent that conversion of farmland to developed land is not desirable. The county appreciates its rural nature and would like to maintain this. Additionally, a majority ofthe areas that fall within the low density/agricultural land use districts are located either within flood zones or environmentally sensitive areas. PA 3 (B) and PA 5 (B) - Requiring wooded and conservation/open space buffers between residential and non-residential areas within the countywill provide several key benefits. Not onlywill these areas act as a transition from residential to nonresidential areas, but will also address the issue of stormwater runoff. Wherever possible riparian buffers will be required as part of all medium to high density subdivisions. 205 P.19 (B) - By adopting a policy requiring future industrial development and/or expansion to meet the specific criteria outlined in policy P.19, the county has made it clear that industry that is potentially detrimental to water quality within the county will not be allowed. As stated in the policy, beyond the requirementto obtain a CAMA permit for development, industrial development will not be allowed within coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, or public trust waters unless the development is specifically water dependent. Additionally, all county zoning ordinance provisions must be met for industrial development and expansion. P.20 (B) - Restricting the development of solid waste/landfill facilities within the countywill result in maintaining habitats, and an overall benefit to water quality throughout the planning period. P.21 (B) - Through concentrating industrial development into concentrated areas, addressing water quality issues resulting from such developmentwill be easier to achieve. Additionally, large industrial operations require a great deal'of infrastructure capacity, and therefore the county can better allocate these resources if industrial operations are centrally located, such as a concentrated industrial park. P.24 (B) -Through not allowing noxious industrial development, and restricting industry to "light" industry, the county will improve water quality throughout the county. Allowing the development of environmentally degrading industries to locate within the county will result in a rapid decline in the county's air and water quality. As a result of this, wildlife habitats and water quality would be immediately threatened. Because of this, policy P.24 will be adopted. P.26 (B) The county will not allow commercial, residential, or industrial development to occur within Natural Heritage Areas. Development within these areas will be restricted to recreation and open space. Development within other environmentally sensitive areas will be required to comply with all local, state, and federal restrictions including those imposed by CAMA. P.29 (B) - Camden County recognizes the impact that construction activity can have on water quality. Due to this fact, policy P.29 was developed to address this concern. Based on this policy, the county will pro -actively address the issue of construction and post -construction sediment runoff. P.30 (B) The county fully supports all CAMA and FEMA related policies, programs, and requirements dealing with sediment control, flood proofing, and stormwater control. 206 3. Infrastructure P.32 (B) — P.35 (B) and P.40 (B) — P.42 (B) - Each of these policy statements details the county's support for providing adequate public facilities, infrastructure, and county services to meet the current and future demands of Camden County residents and businesses. Camden County is aware ofthe development pressures facing the region, and therefore, the Board of Commissioners supports all efforts to improve and expand on existing services and infrastructure. P.37 (D) P.39 (D) - Camden County will allow for the use of septic tanks, as well as the construction and operation of package treatment plants.The county is currently undergoing efforts to install a central sewer system, in an effort to eliminate the reliance on septic tanks and private water treatment facilities throughout the county. 'Although septic tanks and package treatment plants are potentially detrimental to the environment, at this time the county has no other alternative. The county fully supports the efforts of the District Health Department and North Carolina State University in investigating the operation of package water treatment plants, to ensure that operations are properly maintained. P.46 (B) - By supporting all approved Transportation Improvement Projects as identified and funded through the North Carolina Department of Transportation, the county has expressed its support for improving the overall transportation network through the county. There are currently two road improvement projects, four bridge projects, and one multi -use path project scheduled in the county. 4. Natural Hazards P.49 (B) - As noted in this policy, Camden County supports the enforcement of all local, state, and federal policies restricting development within areas to five feet above high water. Restricting development in these areas will not ensure that the environmental quality of these areas will be maintained, but will not allow development to occur in flood prone areas where high water from storm surges is frequent. P.52 (B) - P.55 (B) - Camden County recognizes the potential impact that significant cyclonic storms can have on the county. Storm surge resulting from hurricanes and Nor'easters can be potentially devastating to residential property owners and businesses if development is not regulated in a fashion that discourages development within historically flood prone areas. All of the policies listed here are directed at minimizing development within hazardous areas. Implementation of these policies will result in more sound development and redevelopment in the wake of a natural hazard event such as a major hurricane. 207 5. Water Quality P.56 (B) Camden County recognizes the importance of protecting water quality for its citizens and the value that the CAMA guidelines and the Soil Conservation Service Best Management Practices have for that protection P.58 (B) - The water quality is significant to commercial and recreational fishing. Camden County wants to improve the water quality conditions so that fishing will increase in the area. The increase of visitors to the area has a direct impact on the economy of the area: P.59 (B) - Best Forestry Management Practices assist in controlling the quantity and quality of runoff. P.60 (B) Disposal of toxic wastes negatively affects fragile areas and wildlife habits. P.61 (B) - For justification of this policy, see P.61. P.62 (B) - Underground storage tanks installed before the mid-1980s were made of bare steel. Bare steel will likely corrode over time and has the potential to leak hazardous material into the groundwater. Faulty installation and inadequate operation can also cause hazardous material to leak. Regulation of USTs has caused many of them to be closed. P.64 (B) - Water quality issues in other areas could affect Camden County and vice versa. The Pasquotank River Basin Water Quality Management Plan recommends long-term water quality management strategies for the entire basin. P.66 (B) These pollutants can degrade water quality and potentially destroy the marine life. P.67 (B) - Malfunctioning package treatment plants and septic tanks can introduce pollutants into the fragile areas and kill the environment. P.68 (B) At times, local budgets do not allow for water quality programs. Grants from the state for these programs can bridge the gap in implementing water quality programs. P.69 (B) - P.71 (B) - Camden County recognizes the importance and benefits of aquaculture. However, if aquaculture facilities do not meet certain requirements, they can negatively affect native fish (by crowding them out) and the water quality (water with high amounts of fish feces and uneaten food being introduced when released back into rivers and streams). 208 P.72 (B) — P.73 (B) Water quality issues could arise as a result of mooring fields and floating homes. Sewage pumpout and abandoned vessels are the primary issues.` 6. Local Areas of Concern P.74 (B) - P.75 (B) Preservation of historic properties and the Great Dismal Swamp is extremely important to county residents. ' Maintaining the historical, character of the county is a key component to the overall quality of life in the county, as well as the tourism industry. Additionally, the Great Dismal Swamp is a vast natural area, which provides a great deal of recreational opportunities for both residents and visitors. The Great Dismal Swamp is becoming a significant factor in economic development efforts through the use of eco-tourism. P.76 (B) — P.80 (B) These policies reinforce the county's stance with regards to economic development within the county. The county fully supports all policies, projects, and programs that will play a role in the advancement of economic development throughout the county. Additionally, these policies reiterate the county's stance with regards to maintaining light industrial development, and the provision of adequate public facilities and services to supportthis development. P.81 (B) P.84 (B) These policies are intended to generally protect the quality of life within the county and to reduce environmental and structural hazards and nuisances. The issues outlined in policies P.81 through P.84 are general statements that address issues that are of specific concern to county residents. Implementation of these policies will serve to improve the overall quality of life within the county. Additionally, the county supports all state and federal policies that will serve to restrict the development of man-made hazards within the county. This also will serve to improve the overall quality of life as well as environmental conditions throughout the county. P.85 (D) -This policy outlines the county's stance with regards to the provision ofwater and sewer service throughout the county. As stated, the county is currently undergoing efforts to install and provide central sewer service to county residents. In order to achieve this goal, infrastructure lines will have to be constructed through environmentally sensitive areas. Where this is necessary, all precautions will be taken to minimize the impact on the environment, and all local, state and federal permits will be obtained prior to construction of these facilities. 209 SECTION Vlll. HAZARD MITIGATION, POST RECOVERY, AND EVACUATION PLANS A. INTRODUCTION This section of the land use plan has been prepared to assist the county in preparing management policies for major storms. While post -disaster planning is important, the county recognizes that proper preventive action is the best way to reduce flood and storm -related damage. The purpose of this section is to provide a tool with which to protect the health, safety, and economic security ofthe residents of Camden County from natural hazards. The policies outlined are to be utilized until Pasquotank County has adopted their Multi jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, which includes Camden County. The county will benefit in many ways from these two documents by: saving lives and reducing injuries, preventing or reducing property damage, reducing economic losses, minimizing social dislocation and stress, protecting infrastructure from damage, protecting mental health, limiting legal liability of government and public officials, and possibly reducing the National Flood Insurance rates for residents. The Pasquotank County Hazard Mitigation Plan referenced above will meet all requirements ofthe Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA21) and North Carolina's Senate Bill 300. These requirements must be met in order for the county to be eligible for public assistance in the event of a natural disaster. B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION North Carolina is subject to many different types of natural hazards including hurricanes, nor'easters, tornadoes, severe winter weather, wildfires, flooding, and droughts. The susceptibility of an area to these events depends largely upon its geographic location. It is important that the county understand the hazards to which it is most susceptible so that it can direct its mitigation efforts and resources toward the hazards which pose the greatest risk to county residents and property. It is also important that policy makers understand the nature of each hazard and its likelihood of occurrence within their jurisdiction. The following section summarizes each of the hazards mentioned earlier plus some additional hazards that occur in North Carolina. The summary includes a description of the hazard, a brief history of occurrence, and a discussion of its likelihood of occurrence. 210 1. Hurricanes Hurricanes are cyclonic storms that originate in tropical ocean waters poleward of about 5 degrees latitude. Basically, hurricanes are heat engines, fueled by the release of latent heat from the condensation ofwarm water. Their formation requires a low pressure disturbance, sufficiently warm sea surface temperature, rotational force from the spinning of the Earth, and the absence of wind shear in the lowest 50,000 feet of the atmosphere. Hurricanes that impact North Carolina form in the so-called Atlantic Basin, from the west coast of Africa westward into the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Hurricanes in this basin generally form between June 1 and November 30, with a peak around mid -September. As a hurricane develops, barometric pressure at its center falls and winds increase. Winds at or exceeding 39 mph result in the formation of a tropical storm, which is given a name and closely monitored by the NOAA National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. When winds are at or exceed 74 mph, the tropical storm is deemed a hurricane. Hurricane intensity is measured using the Saffir-Simpson Scale, ranging from 1 (minimal) to 5 (catastrophic). The following scale categorizes hurricane intensity linearly based upon maximum sustained winds, minimum barometric pressure, and storm surge potential. Category 1: Winds of 74 to 96 miles per hour. Damage primarily to shrubbery, trees, foliage, and unanchored mobile homes. No appreciable wind damage to other structures. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Storm surge possibly 3 to 5 feet above normal. Low-lying roads inundated, minor pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from moorings. Category 2: Winds of 97 to 111 miles per hour. Considerable damage to shrubbery and tree foliage; some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed mobile homes. Extensive damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roof materials of buildings; some window and door damage. No major wind damage to buildings. Storm surge possibly 6 to 8 feet above normal. Coastal roads and low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center. Considerable damage to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected anchorages torn from moorings. Evacuation of some shoreline residences and low-lying island areas required. Category3: Winds of 112 to 131 miles per hour. Foliage torn from trees; large trees blown down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown down. Some damage to roofing materials of buildings; some window and door damage. Some structural damage to small buildings. Mobile homes destroyed. Storm surge possibly 9 to 12 feet above normal. Serious flooding at coast and 211 many smaller structures near coast destroyed; larger structures near coast damage by battering waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Category 4: Winds of 132 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down; all signs down. Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows, and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many small residences. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly 13 to 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of structures near shore due to flooding and battering by waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion of beaches. Category 5: Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees blown down; considerable damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very severe and extensive damage to windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many residences and industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of glass in windows and doors. Some complete building failures. Small buildings overturned or blown away. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Storm surge possibly greater than 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of all structures less than 15 feet above sea level. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. North Carolina has had an extensive hurricane history dating back to colonial times. During the nineteenth century, storms occurred in 1837, 1846, 1856, 1879, 1883, and 1899. During the 1950s, North Carolina was ravaged by several hurricanes, including Hazel, Connie, Diane, and lone. Between 1960 -1990, there was a decrease in landfalling hurricanes, with the exception of Hurricane Donna in 1960, Hurricane Ginger in 1971, and Hurricane Diana in 1984. Recent history has included several hurricanes as well, with Hugo (1989), Emily (1993), Opal (1995), Bertha (1996), Fran (1996), Bonnie (1998), Dennis (1999), Floyd (1999), and Isabel (2003) all leaving their mark on North Carolina. However, these storms had varying impacts on Camden County. Likelihood of Occurrence: North Carolina's geographic location on the Atlantic Ocean and its proximity to the Gulf Stream make it prone to hurricanes. In fact, North Carolina has experienced the fourth greatest number of hurricane landfalls of any state in the twentieth century (trailing Florida, Texas, and Louisiana). Camden County is located on the Intracoastal Waterway and is immediately adjacent to the Albemarle Sound. The proximity of the county to the coast greatly increases the likelihood of occurrence for hurricanes. Using the likelihood of occurrence chart (see Table 61 on page 218) as a guide, it was determined that hurricanes are "likely" to occur in Camden County. 212 2. Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Thunderstorms are the result of convection in the atmosphere. They are typically the by-product of atmospheric instability, which promotes the vigorous rising of air parcels that form cumulus and, eventually, the cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) cloud. A typical thunderstorm may be three miles wide at its base, rise to between 40,000 to 60,000 feet in the troposphere, and contain half a million tons of condensed water. Conglomerations of thunderstorms along cold fronts (with squall lines) can extend for hundreds of miles. Thunderstorms contain tremendous amounts of energy derived from condensation of water. Wind shears sometimes associated with thunderstorms can cause extensive property damage and power outages. According to the National Weather Service, a severe thunderstorm is a thunderstorm which produces tornadoes, hail 0.75 inches or more in diameter, or winds of 58 mph. However, the tornado is by far the greatest natural hazard threat from a severe thunderstorm. The National Weather Service defines a tornado as a violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground and extending from the base of a thunderstorm. The intensity, path length, and width of tornadoes are rated according to a scale developed by T. Theodore Fujita and Allen D. Pearson. The Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale is provided in Table 60. Table 60 The Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale F-Scale Damage Winds (mph) Path Length (miles) Mean Width (miles) FO Light 40-72 <1 <0.01 F1 Moderate 73-112 1-3.1 0.01-0.03 F2 Considerable 113-157 3.2-9.9 0.04-0.09 F3 Severe 158-206 10-31 0.1-0.31 F4 Devastating 207-260 32-99 0.32-0.99 F5 Incredible 261-318 z 100 z 1.0 Source: NC Division of Emergency Management, Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Manual Between the years 1953-1990, 567 tornadoes were recorded in North Carolina. Only one of these storm events was located within Camden County. 213 Likelihood of Occurrence: Thunderstorms are common throughout North Carolina, and have occurred in all months. Thunderstorm -related deaths and injuries in North Carolina (1959-1992) have peaked duringJuly and August. Between 1953 and 1990, 71% of North Carolina's tornadoes were classified as weak, 28% as strong, and about 1% as violent. Based on Southeast Regional Climate Center (SERCC) statistics, North Carolina ranks 22n' in total number oftornadoes and 18' in tornado deaths in the United States for the period 1953-1995. Although tornadoes have been reported in North Carolina throughout the year, most ofthem have occurred in the spring, with 13 % in March, 11 % in April, 22% in May, and 14% in June. Based on the Likelihood of Occurrence Chart (see Table 61 on page 218), Camden County is considered to have a "highly likely" likelihood of occurrence. 3. Flooding Flooding is a localized hazard that is generally the result of excessive precipitation. However, in coastal areas, storm surge and wind -driven waves are significant components of flooding. Floods can be generally considered in two categories: flash floods, the product of heavy localized precipitation in a short time period over a given location; and general floods, caused by precipitation over a longer time period and over a given river basin. Flooding is the most common environmental hazard in Camden County, due to the county's proximity to the coast and the attraction of residents to these coastal areas. Flash floods occur within a few minutes or hours of heavy amounts of rainfall or from a dam or levee failure. Flash floods can destroy buildings and bridges, uproot trees, and scour out new drainage channels. Periodic flooding of lands adjacent to non -tidal rivers and streams is a natural and inevitable occurrence. When stream flow exceeds the capacity of the normal water course, some of the above -normal stream flow spills over onto adjacent lands within the floodplain. Riverine flooding is a function of precipitation levels and water runoff volumes within the watershed of the stream or river. Floodplains are divisible into areas expected to be inundated by spillovers from stream flow levels associated with specific flood -return frequencies. The National Flood Insurance Program uses flood hazard zone designations to indicate the magnitude of flood hazards in specific areas (see Map 3, page 33). The following are flood hazard zones located within Camden County and a definition of what each zone means. Zone AE: This zone is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the 100-year floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by detailed methods. In 214 most instances, Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses are shown at selected intervals within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply. Zone A: This zone is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to the 100-year floodplains that are determined in the Flood Insurance Study by approximate methods. Because detailed hydraulic analyses are not performed for such areas, no Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) or depths are shown within this zone. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply. Coastal flooding is typically a result of storm surge, wind -driven waves, and heavy rainfall. These conditions are produced by hurricanes during the summer and fall, and nor'easters and other large coastal storms during the winter and spring. Storm surges may overrun barrier islands and push sea water up coastal rivers and inlets blocking the downstream flow of inland runoff. Thousands of acres of crops and forestlands may be inundated by both saltwater and freshwater. Escape routes, particularly from barrier islands, may be cut off quickly stranding residents in flooded areas and hampering rescue efforts. Likelihood of Occurrence: Flood hazard varies by location and type of flooding, however, roughly 56% of Camden County's land is located within a flood hazard area. Coastal areas are most at risk from flooding caused by hurricanes, tropical storms, and nor'easters. Low-lying coastal areas in close proximity to the shore, sounds, or estuaries are exposed to the threat of flooding from storm surge and wind -driven waves, as well as from intense rainfall. Areas bordering rivers may also be affected by large discharges caused by heavy rainfall over upstream areas. The dominant sources of flooding in the county are storm surge inundation and local ponding of stormwater runoff. As mentioned before, fifty-six percent (56%) of the county's land is located within a flood hazard area, and the county is located on the Intracoastal Waterway. Due to its geographical location, Camden County is susceptible to flooding. The likelihood of occurrence for flooding, based on the Likelihood of Occurrence Chart (see Table 61 on page 218), is "likely." 4. Nor'easters In the past decade, research meteorologists have recognized the significance of nor'easters and their potential to cause damage along the coast. Unlike hurricanes, these storms are extratropical and derive their strength from horizontal gradients in temperature. 215 The presence of the warm Gulf Stream waters off the eastern seaboard during the winter acts to dramatically increase surface horizontal temperature gradients within the coastal zone. During winter offshore cold periods, these horizontal temperature gradients can result in rapid and intense destabilization of the atmosphere directly above and shoreward of the Gulf Stream. This period of instability often precedes wintertime coastal extratropical cyclone development. It is the temperature structure of the continental air mass and the position of the temperature gradient along the Gulf Stream that drives this cyclone development. As a low pressure deepens, winds and waves can uninhibitedly increase and cause serious damage to coastal areas as the storm generally moves to the northeast. The proximity of North Carolina's coast to the Gulf Stream makes it particularly prone to nor'easters. A number of notable nor'easters have impacted North Carolina in recent decades, including the Ash Wednesday Storm of March 1962, but they were typically only of local concern. In March 1983, a nor'easter occurred that brought about widespread flooding. Likelihood of Occurrence: Although nor'easters are more diffuse and less intense than hurricanes, they occur more frequently and cover larger areas and longer coastal reaches at one time. As a result, the likelihood of a nor'easter occurring in Camden County is much higher than that of a hurricane. However, the potential for significant damage to the county resulting from a nor'easter is much less than that of a hurricane. Analysis of nor'easter frequency by researchers reveals fewer nor'easters during the 1980s. However, the frequency of major nor'easters has increased in recent years. The likelihood of occurrence, based on the Likelihood of Occurrence Chart (see Table 61 on page 218), is "possible". 5. Severe Winter Storms Severe winter storms can produce an array of hazardous weather conditions, including heavy snow, blizzards, freezing rain and ice pellets, and extreme cold. Severe winter storms are extratropical cyclones fueled bystrong temperature gradients and an active upper -level jet stream. The winter storms that impact North Carolina generally form in the Gulf of Mexico or off the southeast Atlantic Coast. Few of these storms result in blizzard conditions, defined by the presence of the winds in excess of 35 mph, falling and blowing snow, and a maximum temperature of 20 degrees Fahrenheit. While the frequency and magnitude of snow events are highest in the mountains due to the elevation, the geographical orientation ofthe mountains and Piedmont contribute to.a regular occurrence of freezing precipitation events (e.g., ice pellets and freezing rain) in the Piedmont. 216 There have been eight (8) incidences of severe winter weather in Camden County since 1996. Snow and sleet occur on an average of once or twice a year. The main effects of winter storms in Camden County are immobility and a large number of frozen water pipes. It is important to note that extreme low temperatures are also a hazard for the county and do not necessarily occur during times of sleet and snow. Likelihood of Occurrence: The entire State of North Carolina has a likelihood of experiencing severe winter weather. The threat varies by location and by type of storm. Coastal areas typically face their greatest threat from nor'easters and other severe winter coastal storms. Freezing rain and ice storms typically occur once every several years at coastal locations, and severe snowstorms have been recorded occasionally in coastal areas. Based on historic information and the location of the county, the likelihood of occurrence for a severe winter storm is "possible" (see Table 61 on page 218). 6. Wildfire A wildfire is an uncontrolled burning of grasslands, brush, or woodlands. The potential for wildfire depends upon surface fuel characteristics, recent climate conditions, current meteorological conditions, and fire behavior. Hot, dry summers and dry vegetation increase susceptibility to fire in the fall, a particularly dangerous time of year for wildfire. The potential for a major fire hazard depends on the characteristics of the fuel, the climate, and fire behavior. While natural fires occur in any area in which there is vegetation, flammability varies by species, moisture content, and is influenced by the climate. Temperate, primarily deciduous forests, such as those in North Carolina are most vulnerable to fire in autumn when the foliage dries out. Grasses are least prone to ignition in the morning when their moisture content is greatest. Many wildfires have been caused by lightning strikes; however, humans are the greatest cause of wildfires. The progressive expansion of human activities into heavily vegetated areas has not only increased the number ofwildfires but also increased the losses to life and property. The majority of fires that threaten life and property have been due to human actions. Main sources of ignition have been agricultural fires, discarded cigarette butts, and campfires that have gotten out of control. Likelihood of Occurrence: In North Carolina, wildfire potential has been assessed using State Forest Service records for the period 1950-1993. Counties were classified as High (score of 3), Moderate (score of 2), or Low (score of 1) depending on their rank for both number of fires and number of acres burned. The scores for both of these statistics were then added to generate a combined classification. The combined scores ranged from a low of 2 to a high of 5. Camden County's combined score was a 2, indicating a low probability of occurrence. The likelihood of occurrence for wildfires is "possible" (see Table 61 on page 218). 217 7. Drought/Heat Waves The National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) generally defines a drought as a hazard of nature that is a result of a deficient supply of precipitation to meet the demand. Droughts occur in all types of climate zones and have varying effects on the area experiencing the drought. Droughts tend to be associated with heat waves. An extended drought period may have economic impacts (agriculture, industry, tourism, etc.), social impacts (nutrition, recreation, public safety, etc.), and environmental impacts (animal/plant, wetland, and water quality). NDMC also reports that droughts are related to the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration or to the timing of seasonal occurrences such as rainy seasons. Often times, development and human involvement aggravate the impact of droughts. Planning for droughts has become increasingly more important. Thirty-eight states have some type of drought plan in place. North Carolina is one of those states with a drought plan focusing on response. Likelihood of Occurrence: It is difficult for scientists to predict when droughts will occur. They are dependent upon the accurate forecasting of precipitation and temperature. Precipitation is a very important component of water supply and studying historic precipitation data and the area's climate can provide an idea of the potential for drought. The Soil Survey of Camden County, North Carolina states that groundwater is plentiful throughout the county and precipitation occurs throughout the year. Annual precipitation is 49 inches with fifty-seven percent (579/6) occurring between April and September, which is the growing season for most crops grown in the area. Droughts can occur in the county but as mentioned above they are difficult to predict. In light of the climate in the area, the likelihood of occurrence is "possible" (see Table 61 on page 218). Table 61 Hazard Identification and Analysis Summary Likelihood of Occurrence' Intensity Rating2 Potential Impact' Type of Hazard & (Highly Likely, Likely, (Intensity Scales or (Catastrophic, Critical, Associated Elements Possible, Unlikely) Relative Terms) Limited, Negligible) Hurricanes Likely Severe Critical Thunderstorms/ Highly Likely Moderate Negligible Tornados Flooding Likely Severe Critical Nor'easters Possible Moderate Limited Severe Winter Possible Moderate Negligible Storms 218 Likelihood of Occurrence' Intensity Rating2 Potential Impact? Type of Hazard & (Highly Likely, Likely, (Intensity Scales or (Catastrophic, Critical, Associated Elements Possible, Unlikely) Relative Terms) Limited, Negligible) Wildfire Possible Moderate Negligible Drought Possible Mild Negligible NOTES: ' Likelihood of occurrence was estimated historic data and the following chart: Likelihood Frequency of Occurrence Highly Likely Near 100% probability in the next year Likely Between 10 and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in the next 10 years Possible Between 1 and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in the next 100 years a Unlikely Less than 16 probability in the next year, or less than one chance in the next 100 years Z The hazard's intensity was estimated using historic data and various standardized scales. 3 The potential impact was estimated by considering the magnitude of the event, how large an area within the community is affected, and the amount of human activity in that area, then using the following chart as a tool: Level Area Affected Impact Catastrophic More than 50% - Multiple deaths Complete shutdown of facilities for 30 days or more • More than 50 percent of property is severely damaged Critical 25 to 50% - Multiple severe injuries Shutdown of critical facilities for 1-2 weeks - More than 25 percent of property is severely damaged Limited 10 to 25% - Some injuries - Shutdown of some critical facilities 24 hours to one week - More than 10 percent of property is severely damaged Negligible Less than 10% - Minor injuries - Minimal quality -of -life impact • Shutdown of some critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less • Less than 10 percent of property is severely damaged Source: North Carolina Division of Emergency Management. 219 Vulnerability to a natural hazard is defined as the extent to which people experience harm and property damage from a hazard. Hazards may result in loss of life or injury to people; loss of or damage to homes, businesses, and industries; loss or damage to automobiles, furnishings, records and documents; damages or interruptions to power and telephone lines; damage or closing of roads, railroads, airports, and waterways; and general disruption of life. It is important to know where and to what extent the community is susceptible to the impacts of natural hazards. To fully understand the extent of Camden County's vulnerability, it is necessary to know what is currently at risk and what could be at risk if growth and development occur as currently permitted. Camden County, as shown on Map 1 earlier in the plan, is located immediately adjacent to the Intracoastal Waterway and Albemarle Sound. The county is also in close proximity to the Pamlico Sound, which leads to the Atlantic Ocean. 1. Zoning and Existing Land Use Camden County encompasses 150,557 acres, or 235 square miles. There are twelve zoning districts: four of the districts are residential zoning districts, three are business zoning districts, two are industrial zoning districts; there are also community core, general use, and planned residential development districts (refer to Map 24 on page 111). A land use survey was also conducted in conjunction with this plan (see Map 13, page 73). The data collected through this survey will be utilized to determine the acreage and number of properties that are currently vulnerable to a flooding hazard. Tables 62 through 64 below present the vulnerability to both the property within each zoning district and the existing land use data to FEMA designated flood zones discussed on page 32 (see Map 3, page 33), as well as the Hurricane Storm Surge Inundation Model (SLOSH) developed by the Army Corps of Engineers (see Map 4, page 35). In 1986, the US Army Corps of Engineers prepared maps of coastal North Carolina that delineated the flooding which may be expected to occur as a result of hurricanes. The maps were prepared utilizing a computer -based model named SLOSH (Sea, Lake, Overland Surges From Hurricanes). The model plots hurricane -related flooding which may result from a number of characteristics including wind speed, wind direction, time, tide, etc. According to the National Hurricane Center, the SLOSH model is generally accurate within plus or minus 20 percent. The information below provides a summary of how vulnerable developed and undeveloped portions of the county are to potential coastal flooding that is associated with several of the storm events discussed earlier in this section. 220 Table 62 Camden County Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain Developed Undeveloped % of % of Land Use Parcels Acreage Total Parcels Acreage Total Agricultural/Open 0 0.00 0.00% 2,332 56,568.93 100.00% Space/Low Density Residential Commercial , 36 50.71 0.18% 0 0.00 0.00% Industrial 3 1,161.59 4.21% 0 0.00 0.00% Multi -Family 2 31.35 0.11% 0 0.00 0.00% Office & Institutional 30 134.11 0.49% 0 0.00 0.00% Residential 998 1,006.63 3.65% 0 0.00 0.00% Recreational 10 25,220.23 91.36 % 0 0.00 0.00% Total 1,079 27,604.62 100.00% 2,332 56,568.93 100.00% Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. Table 63 Camden County Vulnerability in the 100-Year Floodplain - Zoning Zone Parcels Acreages CCD Community Core 63 139.94 GUD General Use 1,235 69,403.93 HC Highway Commercial 136 380.12 1-1 Light Industrial 42 1,054.82 PUD Planned Unit Development 4 51.91 MC Marine Commercial 65 378.08 NCD Neighborhood Commercial 6 3.42 R-1 Residential 47 109.82 R-2 Residential 650 2,587.89 R-3 Residential 1,209 9,441.74 Total 3,457 83,551.66 Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. 221 tMe b4 Camden County Storm Surge Inundation Developed Land Category 1& 2 Category 3 Category 4& 5 Land Use Parcels Acreage Parcels Acreage Parcels Acreage Commercial 22 13.79 19 19.63 48 84.82 Industrial 1 1,087.25 3 75.11 3 217.45 Multi -Family 1 27.60 1 2.40 2 9.19 Office & 12 37.10 19 26.89 45 203.00 Institutional Residential 465 255.56 710 414.67 1,834 1,870.45 Recreational 9 1,652.68 5 444.99 5 232.93 Total 510 3,073.98 757 983.69 1,937 2,617.84 Vacant Land Category 1& 2 Category 3 Category 4& 5 Land Use Parcels Acreage Parcels Acreage Parcels Acreage Agricultural 1,383 30,024.00 1,520 12,731.40 2,318 60,073.21 Open Space/ Low Density Residential Total 1,383 30,024.00 1,520 12,731.40 2,318 60,073.21 Source: Holland Consulting Planners, Inc. The property broken down above with the associated hazards will require land use policies that control the type and distribution of land uses designed to minimize the potential damage from future hurricanes. At this time, Camden County has implemented provisions in its local zoning and subdivision ordinances and the flood damage prevention ordinance that are consistent with a policy of minimizing flood damage by controlling land use and assigning restrictive development standards to these high -risk environments. 222 2. Estuarine Shoreline AEC This hazard area extends only 75 feet landward of the mean high water line as defined by the Division of Coastal Management in areas adjacent to non-ORW waters, and 575 feet landward of the mean high water line in areas adjacent to ORW waters. However, the entire estuarine shoreline environment is subjectto an extended hazard zone depending on low-lying topography, which is subject to varying degrees of flooding and wave action.. The county's zoning and subdivision ordinances and flood damage prevention ordinance are consistent with development standards required for this area by DCM and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. 3. Non -AEC Areas All areas within the county are subject to some destructive aspect of hurricane damage through high winds, flooding, wave action, or, erosion. If even a limited portion or percentage of the county were impacted from the effects of a major hurricane, the potential for damages in dollars can be significant. Implementation of mitigation of hurricane damage through proper land development policies and conformance with state building codes can be expected to result in a significant reduction in the extent and cost of loss of property and lives in the county when a major storm event strikes. D. HAZARD MITIGATION POLICIES The following are Camden County's policies concerning hazard mitigation: Camden County will continue to support its storm hazard mitigation policies provided in the 1993 Camden County CAMA Land Use Plan. Camden County will continue to rely on its existing ordinances and land use controls to regulate development. The county will continue to actively pursue state and federal grant funds with respect to Hazard Mitigation to assist in the implementation ofthe recommendations included in this plan. Camden County will continue to encourage projects undertaken by the county's Law Enforcement, Fire, Public Works, and Inspections Departments that will lessen the vulnerability of the county and its residents to natural hazards. When projects are found to address hazard mitigation, the availability of state and federal grant funds that may assist the county with the cost should be investigated. 223 E. The county will continue to stay current with all CRS reporting requirements to ensure continued program participation. The county will attempt to improve the its Community Rating System (CRS) classification, and consequently, lower flood insurance rates for residential, commercial, and institutional property. The county will advertise the availability of flood insurance on an annual basis. The county will develop a stormwater management ordinance. HURRICANE EVACUATION PLANNING Hurricane evacuation planning is addressed by the Camden County Emergency Operations Plan. F. POST -DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN Camden County operates under the jurisdiction ofthe Pasquotank County Emergency Operations Plan. Coordination and implementation of this plan falls completely under the control of the Pasquotank County Emergency Operations Center. A full copy of this document is available through the Camden County Manager's Office. A summary of Post -Disaster Reconstruction policies and procedures is outlined below. These policies support intergovernmental coordination between Camden County and Pasquotank County. The county's Post -Disaster Reconstruction Plan is organized in the following sections: • Introduction • Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team • Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements • Organization of Recovery Operations • Recommended Reconstruction Policies The following provides a summary of the plan's most important provisions and policies from each of these five sections. 224 1. - Introduction Defines plan purpose and use; identifies three distinct reconstruction periods: Emergency, Restoration, and Replacement/Reconstruction. Outlines sequence of procedures to be followed to meet state and federal disaster relief regulations: (1) Assess storm damage and report to county. (2) County compiles and summarizes individual community reports. (3) State compiles county data and makes recommendation to the Governor. (4) Governor requests Presidential Declaration. (5) Federal Relief programs available. 2. Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team Outlines personnel available and sets up means for mayoral appointment of team. 3. Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements The purpose of this phase is to rapidly determine immediately following a storm disaster: 1) number of structures damaged, 2) magnitude of damage by structure type, 3) estimated total dollar loss, and 4) estimated total dollar loss covered by insurance. To accomplish this, the plan established four categories of damage: 1) destroyed (repairs > 80% of value), 2) major (repairs > 30% of value), 3) minor (repairs < 30% of value), and 4) habitable (repairs < 15 % of value). Any structure located in an AEC that is damaged more than 50% of its value is considered destroyed by CAMA permitting standards, and a new permit will be required for reconstruction of such structure. Total damage in dollars is estimated by taking the tax valuation times a factor to make prices current, then factoring these figures according to number of structures in each of the above damage classifications. Estimated insurance coverage is made by utilizing information as to average coverage obtained by insurance agencies on an annual basis. 4. Organization of Recovery Operations The Mayor and Board of Commissioners assume the duties of a Recovery Task Force. The Task Force must accomplish the following: • Establish re-entry procedures. 225 • Establish overall restoration scheme. Set restoration priorities. • Determine requirements for outside assistance and requesting such assistance when beyond local capabilities. • Keep appropriate county and state officials informed using Situation and Damage Reports. • Keep the public informed. • Assemble and maintain record of actions taken and expenditures and obligations incurred. • Proclaim a local "state of emergency" if warranted. • Commence clean-up, debris removal, and utility restoration activities undertaken by private utility companies. • Undertake repair and restoration of essential public facilities and services in accordance with priorities developed through situation evaluations. Assist individual property owners in obtaining information on the various types of assistance that might be available from federal and state agencies. G. RECOMMENDED RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES All of the following policies have been designed to be 1) considered and adopted by the County Manager and County Commissioners of Camden County prior to a storm, and 2) implemented, as appropriate, after a storm occurs: 1. Bridge Re-entry Permits Re-entry permits will be required to pass through roadblocks assuming a full evacuation was issued prior to the storm event. These permits must be applied for at the County Administrative Building prior to evacuation. County officials, law enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and emergency management organization personnel will be issued special permits for early re-entry to inspect the county for safe public re-entry. Camden 226 County residents and others who are authorized to return after the island has officially been declared safe for re-entry may apply for the re-entry permits. Others must remain outside the county until conditions are stabilized and normal traffic can be resumed. ; • Camden County residents will be issued re-entry permits on the basis of one per family. Two permits maybe issued in exceptional.cases. Applicants must show proof of residency. • Short-term renters (vacationers) will not be issued permits. Personal property tax records will be checked for proof of residency upon application. • Re-entry permits will only be issued upon personal application at the county administrative building during normal duty hours. • Non-resident owners of improved properties (not vacant lots) -may be issued permits on the basis of one per owner. They may apply in writing showing the address of the property for a tax record check. • Owners and managers of businesses may apply for re-entry permits for themselves and employees who are required before normal traffic is resumed. The manager, or his representative, must submit a written application listing the number of re-entry permits required and the position of each person who will receive one. These permits must be retained under the control of the manager for issue before the storm strikes. 2. Permitting Building permits to restore structures located outside of designated AEC areas that were previously built in conformance with local codes, standards, and the provisions of the North Carolina Building Code shall be issued automatically. • All structures suffering major damages as defined in the county's Damage Assessment Plan (outlined in the Pasquotank County EOP) shall be repaired or rebuilt to conform to the provisions ofthe CAMA regulations (including setbacks), North Carolina Building Code, the Camden County Code, and the Camden County Floodplain Management Regulations. • All conforming structures suffering minor damage as defined in the Camden County Damage Assessment Plan shall be permitted to be rebuilt to their original state before the storm condition.' 227 • For all structures in designated AECs, a determination shall be made for each AEC as to whether the provisions of the CAMA regulations (including setbacks), NC Building Code, the state regulations for Areas of Environmental Concern, and the Camden County Floodplain Management Regulations appeared adequate in minimizing storm damages. For areas where the construction and use requirements appear adequate, permits shall be issued in accordance with permitting policies listed above. For AECs where the construction and use requirements do not appear to have been adequate in mitigating damages, a Temporary Development Moratorium for all structures located within that specific AEC should be imposed. • Permits shall not be issued in areas subject to a temporary development moratorium until such a moratorium is lifted by the Camden County Board of Commissioners. 3. Utility and Facility Reconstruction • The county will repair all damaged water system components so as to be elevated above the 100-year floodplain or shall be floodproofed, with the methods employed and the construction being certified by a registered professional engineer. • The potable water supply will be turned off in the event of evacuation. 4. Temporary Development Moratorium Under certain circumstances, interim development moratoriums can be used in order to give a local government time to assess damages, to make sound decisions, and to learn from its storm experiences. Such a moratorium must be temporary and it must be reasonably related to the public health, safety, and welfare. Camden County will suffer heavy and serious damages should a major storm make landfall in its vicinity. Consequently, the county should be prepared to issue temporary development moratoriums as appropriate. It is not possible to determine prior to a storm whether a temporary development moratorium will be needed. Such a measure should only be used if damage in a particular area is very serious and if redevelopment of the area in the same manner as previously existed would submit the residents of the area to similar public health and safety problems. In Camden County, such a situation is most likely to occur in one or more of the AECs. 228 The Camden County policy regarding the proclamation of temporary development moratoriums shall be: To determine for each AEC whether the provisions of the NC Building Code, the state guidelines for AECs, and the Camden County Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance appeared adequate in minimizing storm damages. For AECs where the construction and use requirements do not appear adequate, a temporary development moratorium for all structures located within that specific AEC shall be imposed. • After imposing a temporary development moratorium for an AEC, the county shall request that the Coastal Resources Commission conduct a special analysis for the county and all other similar communities in order to determine how local regulations for those hazard areas, which are based on state and/or federal guidelines or requirements, should be improved or modified. A response from the state within a reasonable time period as determined through negotiations should be requested. • The temporary building moratorium in all AECs shall be lifted after local ordinances and regulations have been revised based on state recommendations or decisions ofthe County Manager and Board of Commissioners. Reconstruction shall be permitted in accordance with existing regulations and requirements. APPENDIX I CAMDEN COUNTY CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN PREPARATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (ADVANCED CORE LAND USE PLAN) PHASE I Camden County has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of a Comprehensive Plan (Advanced Core Land Use Plan). Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of Camden County. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized by the county. The Camden County Board of Commissioners will appoint a Camden County Land Use Plan Update Committee to work with the county's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be a plan suitable for adoption by the county. The committee will include the following representatives from the Board of Commissioners (2), Planning Board (2), and one person representing each of the county's townships. Specifically, the planning consultant and the LUPC will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment of the following: • Conduct initial orientation session with project team; identify villages and other special study area corridor boundaries; develop and adopt the Citizen Participation Plan; conduct public information meeting; and conduct a county -wide meeting to identify community aspirations, issues, and needs. In addition, prepare analysis of existing and emerging conditions; prepare existing land use map and existing facilities & infrastructure map; review analysis ofexisting and emerging conditions and existing environmental conditions and hazards; complete analysis of community facilities. • Finalize forecast of future land use needs; prepare composite environmental conditions map; prepare/review land suitability analysis and map; review existing CAMA plan, local regulations, and other plan documents. • Prepare and complete preliminary plan including three village plan areas (South Mills, Camden, and Shiloh), transportation corridor areas (US 17, NC 343, and US 158), a stormwater management plan, and a resource conservation management action plan for the non -village or corridor areas. The following schedule will be utilized for Phase 1: 1. January, 2003 Conduct public information meeting. - Board of Commissioners adopt the Citizen Participation Plan. Conduct initial meeting with LUPUC and review Citizen Participation Plan and process for preparing the land use plan. — Conduct county -wide issues identification meeting. 2. January - June, 2003 — Prepare preliminary draft land use plan which will include analysis of existing conditions, land suitability analysis, and study area and highway corridor plans. Conduct monthly meetings with the LUPUC. 3. May, 2003 - Present draft plan to the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners. 4. June, 2003 — Conduct open house; present plan to the Board of Commissioners. All meetings of the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed will be advertised in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, county -wide meeting, and public hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service announcements will be mailed to local radio stations and posted in the county complex and other public buildings as directed by the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners. All meetings will be open to the public. The county will encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Camden County. 12/19/02 CAMy DocumentsTlanningland Use\Camden CounWeport\Appendix I.wpd CAMDEN COUNTY CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN PREPARATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (ADVANCED CORE LAND USE PLAN) PHASE II Camden County has received a Coastal Area Management Act grant for preparation of. a Comprehensive Plan (Advanced Core Land Use Plan). Adequate citizen participation in the development of the plan is essential to the preparation of a document responsive to the needs of the citizens of Camden County. To ensure such input, the following citizen participation program will be utilized by the county. The Camden County Board of Commissioners has appointed a Camden County Land Use Plan Update Committee (LUPUC) to work with the county's planning consultant to ensure that the final product will be a plan suitable for adoption by the county. The committee includes representatives from the Board of Commissioners (2), Planning Board (2), and one person representing each of the county's townships. Specifically, the planning consultant and the LUPUC will be responsible for ensuring accomplishment of the following: • Update Citizen Participation Plan; public review of preliminary LUP. • Revise preliminary plan based on public review, adding the following: implementation strategy for each village area, Mitigation and Implementation Action Plan which will include preliminary development tools, standards, and regulations to implement village plans and Resource Management Action Plan, document the basis for differences between the Land Suitability Analysis Map and Future Land Use Map; complete and present document to Planning Board and County Commissioners. • Submit plan to state/DCM for review; provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions for review; conduct public information hearings. • Revise plan based on state and local review; conduct public hearing; Board of Commissioners adoption; submit for CRC certification. The following schedule will be utilized for Phase I1: 1. July - September, 2003 Update Citizen Participation Plan. — Conduct public review meeting of preliminary LUP. 2. October - December, 2003 — Revise preliminary plan based on public review. Conduct monthly meetings with the LUPUC. 3. February -March, 2004 — Submit draft plan to state/DCM for review. Provide plan to adjacent jurisdictions for review. Conduct public information meetings. 4. April, 2004 — Revise plan based on state and local review. 5. May, 2004 — Submit plan to the Camden County Planning Board. 6. June, 2004 — Conduct public hearing for Board of Commissioners to adopt plan. Submit to CRC for certification. All meetings of the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners at which the Plan will be discussed will be advertised in a local newspaper. The public information meeting, county -wide meeting, and public hearing will also be advertised in a local newspaper. In addition, public service announcements will be mailed to local radio stations and posted in the county complex and other public buildings as directed by the LUPUC and Board of Commissioners. All meetings will be open to the public. The county will encourage and consider all economic, social, ethnic and cultural viewpoints. No major non-English speaking groups are known to exist in Camden County. 6/5/03 EAPlanning\Und Use\Camden CountyUteportWppendix I.wpd APPENDIX 11 ABSENTEE PROPERTY OWNER SURVEY RESULTS Pursuant to the CAMA guidelines for preparation of a Core CAMA Land Use Plan, Camden County distributed surveys to 408 absentee property owners. Some of the surveys were mailed on November 7, 2003, and the rest were mailed on November 10, 2003. This represented approximately 20% of the county's absentee property owners. A total of 62 completed questionnaires were returned. The survey questions with results tabulated immediately follows the key issue results. The following provides a comparison of the county -wide meeting and absentee property owners' ranking of the Camden County key issues: KEY ISSUE County- Absentee wide Rank Rank • Improve Infrastructure 1 2 ► Reverse osmosis water treatment plant and waterline project. ► Development of infrastructure and other needed facilities including the South Mills and Camden Village sewer systems. ► Water and sewer future plans for expansion. ► How far is natural gas going to extend. ► Focus sewer on core business areas. ► Natural gas in core business areas. ► Develop more infrastructure along business corridor. • Growth 2 1 ► Implementation of the county's growth management plan. ► Control/restrict growth. ► Control of conflicting land uses along the US 17; US 158 and NC 343 highway corridors. • Better opportunities in education. 3 4 • Subdivisions 4 3 ► More restrictions on land available for subdivisions/mobile home parks. ► More open space for subdivisions. • Expansion of Parks and Recreation 5 8 • Impact fees. 6 5 • Expand major highways. 7 9 • Select industry development (light manufacturing, golf 8 7 course). • Keep farming areas and developments apart. 9 6 • More public access to water. 10 10 The following questionnaire identifies several of the most significant issues discussed in the plan. Read through each statement, and simply answer whether you: Disagree, have No Comment, or Agree in the space provided below. 1. Camden County needs to provide more recreational facilities and programs to its citizens. Disa ree No O non A ree 8 19 34 2. Camden County should increase its efforts to improve surface water quality (ex. rivers, streams, and branches). 3. Camden County is taking the proper steps to maintain the rural nature of the community in res onse to develo ment pressures from the Tidewater Virginia area. 4. In light of the recent increased restrictions regarding strormwater runoff control currently being implemented in a majority of counties across the state, Camden County should begin implementing a more pro active stormwater control program. 5. Camden County should increase its economic development efforts, and provide more incentives in an effort to attract more large industries to the county. Disagree No Opinion Agree - 7 15 39 Disagree No O inion Agree 10 26 24 Disagree No Opinion Agree 9 16 34 Disa ree No O inion A ree 16 9 36 6. Camden County should work with developers and state grant funding agencies to provide more affordable housin throughout the county. 7. Camden County is currently taking adequate steps to protect the County's valuable natural resources such as: The Great Dismal Swamp, The Pasquotank River, Forest Lands, Fishing Grounds, Shellfishing Beds, and Wetland areas. Disagree No Opinion Agree 16 18 27 Disagree No O inion Agree 4 25 31 8. Camden County should review its land use controls to ensure that increasing residential development will not have an adverse impact on agricultural land and farming operations within the county. Disagree No Opinion Agree 8 9 44 Disagree No Opinion Agree 34 15 6 South Mills Shiloh Camden 26 7 14 11. In light of increased commercial development along the NC 158 corridor around .Camden, and the NC 343 corridor around South Mills, Camden County should work to minimize continuous dense strip development in these areas. Disagree No Opinion Agree 12 17 27 Appendix III Forestry Best Management Practices 1. Properly design and place access roads, skid trails, and loading areas on forestland. a. Avoid streambanks and channels. except when crossing streams. b. Install water management structures and techniques. C. Stabilize bare soil areas. d. Prevent steep slopes on roads and trails. 2. Designate streamside management zones (SMZ) which are undisturbed strips ofvegetation parallel and adjacent to the stream channels. 3. Avoid placing debris in stream channels (Stream Obstruction Law). 4. Use practices which minimize soil exposure when reforesting. 5. Use environmentally safe procedures when applying chemicals in forested areas. 6. Train forestry related personnel in nonpoint source pollution control methods. Source: NC Division of Forest Resources. Appendix IV Agricultural Best Management Practices 1. Crop and Pasture Lands A. BMPs for Sediment Control Conservation Tillage System Critical Area Planting Diversion Field Border Filter Strip Grade Stabilization Structure Grassed Waterway Rock -Lined Waterways or Outlets Sediment Control Structure Sod -Based Rotation Striperopping Terrace Water Control Structure Pastureland Conversion B. BMPs for Nutrient Control Legumes in Rotation Soil Testing Liming Setting Realistic Crop Yield Goals (determines fertilization rates) Fertilizer Waste Application (method, rate, and timing) Sediment Control BMPs C. BMPs for Pesticide Control Alternative Pesticides Optimize Pesticide Formulation, Amount, Placement, Timing, Frequency Crop Rotation Resistant Crop Varieties Other Cultural or Biological Controls Optimize Crop Planting Time Plant Pest Quarantines Proper Disposal of Obsolete Pesticides and Containers Certification of Applicators Sediment Control BMPs Appendix 1V Page 2 IL Animal Production (esp. Confined Animal Operations) BMPs for Bacteria and Nutrient Control Grade Stabilization and Nutrient Control Heavy Use Area Protection Livestock Exclusion Spring Development Stock Trails and Walkways Trough and Tank Waste Management System Waste Storage Pond Waste Storage Structure Waste Treatment Lagoon Land Application of Waste Water Control Structure Source: North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Appendix V Policy/Implementing Action Definitions of Common Terms 1. Should: An officially adopted course or method of action intended to be followed to implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as "shall," it is still an obligatory course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted. County staff and Planning Board involved at all levels from planning to implementation. 2. Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with County staff involved at all levels from planning to implementation. 3. Encourage: Foster the desired goal through County policies. Could involve County financial assistance. 4. Enhance: Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and County staff at all levels of planning. This could include financial support. S. Identi : Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of County staff and actions. 6. Implement: Actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations. 7. Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of County policies and staff. Financial assistance should be provided if needed. 8. Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate County policies, staff actions, Planning Board actions, and County finances, if needed. 9. Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of County policies and Planning Boards and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support. 10. Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of County policies, staff, and, if needed, financial assistance. 11. Provide: Take the lead role in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve the desired goal. The County is typically involved in all aspects from planning to implementation to maintenance. 12. Strengthen: Improve and reinforce the desired goal through the use of County policies, staff, and, if necessary, financial assistance. 13. Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at all levels to achieve the desired goal. 14. Work: Cooperate and act in a manner through the use of County staff, actions, and policies to create the desired goal. Appendix VI TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT STREET TYPES s� e ms— If, --•I - MWMUM MPW of way 40' LANE Purpose: Provides access to single-family homes. Features Features • Street width 18' with curb and gutter and • Generally two to six blocks long informal parking designated on street • Planting strips 6' • Sidewalks 5' on each side Building and Land Use • Design speed 20 mph Residential - primarily single family homes • Posted speed 20 mph • Requires a 40' right of way • Drainage - curb and gutter AlrnMw•r rrolu o/wsyso• STREET Purpose: Provides access to housing Features Features • Street width 28' with curb and gutter and • Generally two to six blocks long informal parking • Planting strips 6' • Sidewalks 5' on each side Building and Land Use • Design speed 20 mph • Residential - many residential types • Posted speed 20 mph • Requires a 50' right of way • Drainage - curb and gutter FIGURE 3 ;�^:#m....u.,�avw+t--._•�x,.. , _...�.: -. s..;hi�:3v:�xirvs. _ - `,.u13�x��z AllnMnan nyhr o/ way Di' AVENUE. WITH PARKING Purpose: Avenues are short distance, medium speed connectors between neighborhoods and core areas. As such, they are used in both residential and commercial areas, often terminating at prominent buildings or plazas. Avenues may also circulate around squares or neighborhood parks. Features Features • Street width 26' on both sides of median with on -street • Posted speed 25 - 30 mph parking, 18' if no parking or curb and gutter .: Requires a 98' right of way • Median width 18' (minimum) . Drainage - curb and gutter • Travel lanes 12' • Maximum 2 travel lanesBuilding and Land Use • Bike lanes and planting strips 6' Mixed residential and commercial use • Sidewalks 8' on each side • Design speed 30 mph (maximum) FIGURE 4 1, ftmef - R/QAt of war ii' _ MAIN STREET WITHOUT MEDIAN Purpose: Main streets provide low -speed access to neighborhood, commercial, and high density residential areas Features Features • Travel lanes 11' with striped parking • Drainage - curb and gutter • Maximum 2 travel lanes • Includes bulbouts at intersections and • Planting wells 6'- landscaped median optional mid -block crossings (minimum 18') • Bike lanes optional but preferred (minimum 6') • Sidewalks minimum of 8' each side Building and Land Use • Design speed 25 mph (maximum) • Commercial and mixed use • Posted speed 20 - 25 mph • High density residential 0 Requires a 66' right of way - - Y a•.L. !• a•+.4► it, _L. 12. _L_ 2o•Inkk.. 12•tr',..L •'� a' .�..s'y a• M;rdarom ngM1r ol,rar 122' BOULEVARD Purpose: Provides multi -lane access to commercial and mixed -use buildings, and carries regional traffic. Features Features • Lanes 11' with striped parking and bike lanes • Requires a 122' right of way • Maximum 4 travel lanes • Drainage - curb and gutter • Planting wells 6 -11' • Sidewalks 8' on each side Building and Land Use • Design speed 40 mph (maximum) • Commercial and mixed use • Posted speed 30 - 35 mph FIGURE 6 AL A._ _A& 3o---..�.. tr -.�. is «�. r. so .l. �o • u Juphe of WW Its. 1212• �� _ - PARKWAY Purpose: Parkways bring people into town, or pass traffic through natural areas. Parkways are not designed for development. When the parkway enters town, it becomes a boulevard. Features Features • Travel lanes 11- 12' • 6' minimum paved shoulder on high- speed parkway (greater than 45 mph: • Median width 30' typical section has shoulder with • Design speed 50 mph (maximum) ditches) • Posted speed 45 mph (maximum) • Requires a 118' right of way (minimum) Building and Land Use • Drainage - swales allowed, or curb and gutter • Parkways are designed to be on the edge of towns, nature preserves, or • Multi -use trails 10 -14' agricultural areas • Planting strips 7 - 20' • Multi -use trails may be on either or both sides • Bike lane not adjacent to travel lane Provided for informational use only FIGURE 7 ALAIL spnf ofw.rao•,W TRAIL Purpose: Provides non -motorized access throughout the neighborhood. [Note: Not to be accepted onto the state system] Features Building and land Use • Shade trees recommended Link to make connections between homes, • ' Trail width 10-14' parks, schools, and shopping districts • Stopping sight distance 125' • Clear zone 3--6' Provided for informational use only FIGURE 8 J�� R,ght of way so- XX Alleys Purpose: Although part of the interconnected street system, alleys provide access to property but are not intended to accommodate through traffic. Alleys are often used by garbage trucks. In some areas alleys must accommodate dumpsters. [Note: Not to be accepted onto the state system] Features Building and Land Use • Requires 20' right of way (minimum) • Residential - primarily single family • Utilities, either above or underground, may • Provides rear access to garages be located in alleyways to provide service connections to rear elevations • Width 12' (minimum) • Additional pavement at alleyway intersections is necessary to facilitate turns. Appendix V11 uCambeu County 3aarb of ftutatiou JOHN B. DUNN, Ed.D. 174 North 343 BOARD MEMBERS Interim Superintendent Camden, North Carolina 27921-7549 G. Wayne White, Chair Telephone (252) 335-0831 • Fax (252) 331-2300 Brian R. Lannon, Vice Chair S. Clarence Jennings David E. Meiggs Chris M. Wilson MEMO To: Dan Porter Planning Director From: John B. Dunn Interim Superintendent Date: September 9, 2004 RE: Long Range Facility Plans As Discussed Attached you will find a copy of the schematic design for the intermediate school (grades 3-5), along with the estimate of development budget. This is the final phase in our long range facility plan. Please feel free to call me should any questions arise. /jb attachments DRAFT Camden County —Demographic and Enrollment Projections. (4 Scenarios) Four scenarios projecting future 'development in Camden County have been prepared. Each scenario projects population, housing, and school enrollment out to 2010 and 2020. A summary of each development scenario is noted below. ❖ Scenario 1: Development Ceiling Based on North Carolina 2020 Population Projections Scenario 1 projects future development based on the North Carolina State Data Center population projection for 2020, which indicates that the County's 2020 population will be approximately 9,500 residents in 2020. This population projection figure is used in the scenario to constrain or limit growth during the 2004-2016 period to match the State's 2020 projection. Since the 2020 population sets a ceiling for growth, Scenario 1 is the most conservative of the four scenarios. It assumes that growth will be fairly strong in the near term, but will gradually taper off as the year 2020 approaches. The Scenario I -projects an additional 504 housing units over the next 16 years, which is less than the 675 units that are proposed under the 14 subdivision plans currently under consideration (or approved) by the County. ❖ Scenario 2: Linear Trend Extrapolation. Scenario 2 uses a least square analysis to "fit a line" that extrapolates a future growth trend based on the building permit data from 2000 through 2004. This scenario assumes that the average number of dwelling units constructed per year during the 2000 to 2004 period will continue out to the year 2020. Based on building permit data from the County, there has been —on average-163 new housing units per year in the County since 2000. This scenario projects 6,200 units in 2020 or over 2,500 additional units over the study period. The 675 .units presently under consideration would be absorbed before 2010. ❖ Scenario 3: Annual Growth Rate Projection. Scenario 3 projects the annual number of future residential units based on the annual growth rate during the 2000 to 2004 period. During this time, the number of housing units in the County increased an average of 5.5 percent per year. Applying this growth rate to the 2004 estimate, the scenario assumes an additional 199 units in 2005. This numerical figure of 199 units was applied to future years arrive at the annual development projections. This scenario projects 6,811 units in 2020 or over 3,000 additional units over the study period. The 675 units presently under consideration would be absorbed in less than four years. ❖ Scenario 4: Exponential Growth Rate Projection. Scenario 4 assumes that the County's annual housing growth rate for the 2000 to 2004 period will continue out to 2020, resulting in an exponential increase in development due to the compounding annual growth rate. Under this scenario, the number of housing units in the County will more than double to 8,030 units by 2020. DRAFT Housing Unit Projection Alternatives a=-0.407241929 Camden County, North Carolina Five -Year Increments Avg Anl b=-0.110215822 Annual Base 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2010 2015 2020 Increase k=4,137 Change Value estimates => projection years (x) => 2004-2020 Equation (c) (d) Method (x0) 1 6 11 . 16 y=k/(1+(10^(a+b*(x-x0))) 3,623 Density Ceiling* 2,973 3,079 3,215 3,412 3,623 3,727 4,013 4,101 4,127 31 y=((c*d)*x)+d 3,623 Linear Trend Extrap 2,973 3,079 3,215 3,412 3,623 3,750 4,567 5,383 6,200 161 5.5% 3,623 Linear** 2,973 3,079 3,215 3,412 3,623 3,822 4,819 5,815 6,811 199 y=d*((1+c)^x) 5.1% 3,623 Exponential*** 2,973 3,079 3,215 3,412 3,6231 3,808 4,883 6,262 8,030 275 Annual Increase=> 106 136 197 211 * Logistic curve based on actual increase from 2000 to 2004 and a housing capacity of 4,137 units. This alternative approximates the population projections from the North Carolina State Demographic Unit. ** Simple growth rate alternative from 2000 to 2004. *** Compounded growth rate based on 2000 to 2004 housing increase. DRAFT 9-15-04 Scenario l Demographic & Enrollment Projections - Development Ceiling Based on North Carolina 2020 Population Projection) Camden County, North Carolina Base Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Avg. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2020 Annual Atlitunl DevelopinetitlJata,,. Change Population 126,881 7,126 7,441 7,897 8,385 8,626 8,822 8,980 9,107 9,208 9,288 9,552 73 Housing Units 123 2,973 3,079 3,215 3,412 3,623 3,727 3,811 3,880 3,935 3,978 4,013 4,127 31 1Iouseholds4 ' 2,662 2,757 2,879 3,055 3,244 3,337 3,413 3,474 3,523 3,562 3,593 3,695 28, Res Vacancy Rate z 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% - 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% Persons Per Ilousehold2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.581 Z58 2.58 2,58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 Annual Change in I lousing Units 106 136 197 211 104 85 68 55 44 34 3 Student Generation Rate. Public School Population Elemenlary Schools ,.'-< SI-D & MI -I 0.22 All Others 0.09 Total SFD & Mll 0.13 All Others 0.04 Total Htgh- "Rol SFD & MI 0.14 All Others 0.03 Total Avg. Annual Change 6 4 4 Grand Total (all grades) 1,287 1,333 1,392 1,477 1,5681 1,613 1,650 1,680 1,703 1,722 1,737 1,787 14 Annual Change in Enrollmcnt 46 59 85 91 45 37 30 24 19 15 1 Actual Enrollment 1,287 1,277 1,358 1,418 1,548 Difference - Projected vs. Actual Fnrollm4 0 56 34 59 20 Scenario 1 projections are derived from fitting a logistic curve on the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building permit data) and a 2020 housing ceiling of 4,137 units. This ceiling approximates the 2020 population of 9,574 residents that has been projected for Camden County by the Norh Carolina State Data Center. '- Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data STF 3 Tables 31, 32, and 33. -- - 3 Housing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data provided by Camden County. 4 I louscholds ealcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to 1 minus vacancy rate. 5 Student generation rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample for North Carolina PUNL-X 04800 and Virginia PUNIA 03000. School Year 99-00 School School School Year Year Year 00-01 01-02 02-03 School Year 03-04 School Year 04-05 School Year 05-06 School Year 06-07 School.. Year: 07-08` School Year 08-09 School Year 09-10 School Year 19-20 583 603 630 669 710 730 747 760 771 780 786 809 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 589 610 637 676 718 738 755 769 780 788 795 818 } e� 336 348 364a 386 410 421 431 439 445 450 454 467 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 339 351 367 389 413 425 435 442 449 454 458 471 357 369 386 409 435 447 457 465 472 477 481 495 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 359 372 388 412 437 450 460 469 475 480 485 498 DRAFT 9-15-04 Scenario 2 - Demographic & Enrollment Projections - Linear Trend Extrapolation) Camden County, North Carolina Base Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Avg. 20000 2M 20-1 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2M Annual r. & na1 Develo men) Data A 4 t C 'hang Population i'- P 6,881 7;126 7,441 7,897 8,385 8,680 9,05 8 9,43G 9,814 10,192 10,570 14,349 373 . -Housing Units''-3 2,973 3,079 3,215 ' 3,412 3,623 3,750 3,914 4,077 4,240 4,404 4,567 6,200 161 1-louscholds' 2,662 2,757 2,879 3,055 3,244 3,358 3,504 3,650 3,797 3,943 4,089 5,551 144 Res Vacancy Rate' 10.5% 10.5% 10.51AG 10.50'0 10.51/6 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% ` 10.5% 10.5% 10.50,0 10.5016 Persons Per I louschold 2 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.581 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 Annual Change in I housing Units 106 136 197 211 127 163 163 163 163 163 163 Student Generation Rate s Public School Population Elementary' :Seh00 S ' Y SFD & MI 1 0.22 All Others 0.09 Total pf c� 1►ut�1R' JCb00l s F SFD & MI 1 0.13 All Others 0.04 Total High`. School, Z, SFD & MI 0.14 All Others 0.03 .total School School School Year Year Year 99-00 00-01 01-02 School School Year Year 02-03 03-04 School School School Year Year Year 04-05 " 05-06 06-07 School Year 07-08 School Year 08-09 School Year 09-10 School Year 19-20 583n 603 630 669 710 735 767 799 831 863 895 1,215 6 7 7 7 8 -8 9 9 9 10 10 13 589 610 637 676 718 743 775 808 840 872 905 1,228 �348 336 364 386 410 424443 461 479 498 516 701 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 339 351 367 389 413 428 446 465 483 502 521 707 A 357 369 386 409 435 450 469 489 509 528 548 744 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3- 3 4 4 5 359 372 388 412 437 453 473 492 512 532 551 749 Grand Total (all grades) 1,287 1,333 1,392 1,477 1,5681 1,623 1,694 1,765 1,836 1,906 1,9771 2,684 70 Annual Change in Fnrollment 46 59 85 91 55 71 71 71 71 71 71 Actual Enrollment 1.287 1,277 1,358 1,418 1,548 Difference - Projected vs. Actual Enrollmi 0 56 34 59 20 t Scenario 2 projections are derived a linear trend extrapolation using a least squares calculation based on the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building permit data). Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data. STF 3 Tables 31, 32, and 33. 31 lousing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data provided by Camden County. 41 louscholds ealcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to ] minus vacancy rate. s Student generation rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample for North Carolina PUMA 04800 and Virginia PUNIA 03000. DRAFT 9-15-04 Scenario 3 Demographic & Enrollment Projections - 2000-2004 Annual Growth Rate Projection t Camden County, North Carolina Base Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Avg. 2040 2001 2002 20U 2004 M 2M 2007 200 2009_ 2014 2M Annual ManualDevelo_pmentData w Change Population t'- 6,881 7,126 7,441 7,897 8,385 8,847 9,308 9,769 10,230 10,691 11,153 15,765 461 1 lousing Units t 2 3 2,973 3,079 3,215 3,412 3,623 3,822 4,022 4,221 4,420 4,619 . 4,819 6,811 199 1 louseholds' 2,662 2,757 2,879 3,055 3,244 3,422 3,601 3,779 3,958 4,136 4,315 6,099 178 Res Vacancy Rate' 10.5% 10.5% 10.50/0 10.50/0 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.5910 10.50'0 10.51'0 10.5°'0 Persons Per I louschold 2 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 Annual Change in I lousing Units 106 136 197 211 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 Student Generation Rate' Public School population `,EICIIItntary SCh001B„ . SFD & AU 1 0.22 All Others 0.09 Total >v1;aa C Scl[60 - , SFD & Nil 1 0.13 All Others 0.04 Total Mgh "School.. SFD & MI 0.14 All Others 0.03 "Total Avg. Annual Change 39 23 24 Grand Total (all grades) 1,287 1,333 1,392 1,477 1,5681 1,655 1,741 1,827 1,913 2,000 2,0861 2,949 86 Annual Change in Enrollment 46 59 85 91 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 Actual Enrollment 1,287 1,277 1,358 1,418 1,548 Difference - Projected vs. Actual F.nrollmi 0 56 34 59 20 t Scenario 3 projections apply the 5.5 percent growth rate experienced on the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building permit data). Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data STF 31'ablcs 31, 32, and 33. 31lousing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data provided by Camden County. A households calcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to 1 minus vacancy rate. 5 Student generation rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 50/0 Public Use Nficrodata Sample for North Carolina PUMA 04800 and Virginia PUNIA 03000. School School School Year Year Year 99-00 00-01 01-02 School Year 02-03 School Year 03-04 School Year 04-05 School Year 05-06 School Year 06-07 School Year 07-08 School Year 08-09 School Year 09-10 School Year 19-20 y710 583 603 630 669 749 788 827 866 905 944 1,335 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 - 10 15 589 610 637 676 718 757 797 836 876 915. 955 1,349 336 348 J 364 386 410 432 455 477 500 522 545 770 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 7 339 351 367 389 413 436 459 481 504 527 549 777 357 369 386 409 435 458 482 506 530 554 578 817 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 359 372 388 412 437 462 486 510 534 558 582 822 DRAFT 9-15-04 Scenario 4 Demographic & Enrollment Projections - 2000-2004 Exponential Growth Rate Projection 1 Camden County, North Carolina Base Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 A%-g 2000 2M 2042 2443 2944 2M 2041 2M 2442 =914 2424 Annual AnnpalbevelopmentDat$,, y;<. �'.5. ' R Change g Populations- 6,881 7,126 7,441 7,897 8,385 8,813 9,263 9,735 10,231 10,753 11,302 18,585 637 I lousing Units t 23 2,973 3,079 3,215 3,412 3,623 3,808 4,002 4,206 4,421 4,646 4,883 8,030 275 1louseholds 2,662 2,757 2,879 3,055 3,244 3,409 3,583 3,766 3,958 - 4,160 4,372 7,190 247 Res Vacancy Rate 2 10.5% 10 5% 10.5% 10.5% 10.50..'0 10.50.46 10.514 10.5% 10.5940 10.5% 10.5-6 10.5110 Persons Per I lousehold'- 1 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.581 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 Annual Change in I lousing Units 106 136 197 211 185 194 204 215 225 237 390 Student Generation Rate 5 Public School Population il:kmcu'tacy,Scliools ,M `; w SFD & MI 1 0.22 All Others 0.09 Total �vltddle:rSc�ttool ° „, SI-D & Nil 0.13 All Others 0.04 Total Higli;clool SItD & nil I 0.14 All Others 0.03 Total Avg. . Annual Change 55 31 33 Grand Total (all grades) 1,287 1,333 1,392 1,477 1,5681 1,648 1,732 1,821 1,914 2,011 2,1141 3,476 119 Annual Change in Enrollment 46 59 85 91 80 84 88 93 98 103 169 Actual Enrollment 1,287 1,277 1,358 1,418 1,548 Difference - Projected vs. Actual Isnrollmi 0 56 34 59 20 1 Scenario 4 projections apply a compounded growth rate to the actual housing unit increase from 2000 to 2004 (using building permit data). _ 2 Population, housing units, households, vacancy rate, and persons per household data for 2000 is based on U.S. Census data S 11? 3'fables 31, 32, and 33. l I -lousing unit estimate for 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 based on building permit data pro%ided by Camden County. - Ilouseholds calcuated by applying occupancy of 89.5 percent to housing unit estimate. Occupancy rate is equal to 1 minus vacancy rate. 5 Student generation rate based on U.S. Census Bureau, Year 2000 5% Public Use Rlicrodata Sample for North Carolina PURL\ 04800 and Virginia PUMA 03000. - School School Year Year 99-00 00-01 School Year 01-02 School School Year Year 02-03 03-04 School School Year Year 04-05- 05-06 School Year 06-07 School Year 07-08 School Year 08-09 School Year 09-10 School Year 19-20 583 603 630 669 710 746 784 824 4 866 910 957 1,573 6 7 7 78 8 9 9 10 10 11 17 589 610 637 676 718 754 793 833 876 920 967 1,591 J 3 x r 3'n4 -x r ...h pr... icy ice.. x_. .. r, .. � :. ? t.. • £ $ i .. 336 348 364 386 410 431 452 476 500 525 552 908 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 8 339 351 367 389 413 434 456 480 504 530 557 916 u'9 357 369 386 409 435 457 480 504 530 557 586 963 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 7 359 372 388 412 437 460 483 508 534 561 590 970