Cape Fear River Corridor Plan-1997

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"The preparation of this plan was financed in part
through a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal
Management Program, through funds provided by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended,
which is administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration."

Page I
Table of Contents
1. Cape Fear River Corridor Plan
1.1 Introduction 5
1.2 Vision 5
1.3 Goals 6
1.4 Summary and Readers Guide . 6
2. The Planning Framework
2.1 Planning Process
9
2.2 Planning Context
9
2.3 Economic and Market Conditions
17
2.4 Constraints to Development
19
2.5 Water Quality
21
3. Elements of the Plan
3.1 Overview of the Plan and its Elements
23
3.2 Protect the River's Qualities
24
3.3 Expand Use of the River
28
3A Achieve Economic Development
29
3.5 Program Public Investment to Reinforce the Plan
30
3.6 Communicate the River's Cultural and Historic Resources
32
3.7 Coordinate Regional Activities
33
4. Project Development and Coordination
4.1 Western Side of River
35
A) Northern Industrial Area
B) Brunswick River
C) Brunswick County between Belville and Orton Plantation
D) Military Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point
E) Industrial Area between Sunny Point and Southport
F) Southport Vicinity
G) Memorial Bridge to Bamard's Creek
4.2 Eastern Side of River 40
H) Downtown Wilmington
I) State Port
J) Eastern Shore of Cape Fear River - Memorial Bridge
to Barnard's Creek
K) West Bank of Cape Fear River, across from Wilmington
L) Eagle Island

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M) Eastern Shore along River Road - between Barnards
and Mott Creeks
N) River Road South
O) Eastern Shore Across from Sunny Point
P) Eastern Shore South of Fort Fisher and North
of Bald Head Island
Q) Bald Head Island
5. Implementation
5.1 Corridor Management
5.2 Costs and Phasing
5.3 Agenda for Action
47
51
55
Appendix A: Inventory Drawings A-1
Appendix B: Program Elements by Geographic Area B-1
Appendix C: Costs C-1
Appendix D: Phasing D-1
Appendix E: Project Oversight Committee Members E-I
Appendix F: Citizens Advisory Committee Members F-1

Page 3
List of Figures and Tables
Figures in Report
Figure 1:
The Study Area
11
Figure 2:
The Plan for the Fear Corridor
25
Figure 3:
Proposed River Overlay Boundary
49
Figure 4:
Key Cooperative Relationships
43
Figures Included in Appendix A
A-1
Figure A-1
Existing Land Use
A-2
Figure A-2
Historic Resources, Parks, and Open Spaces
A-3
Figure A-3
Key Coastal Zone Resources
A-4
Figure A-4
Visual Character
A-5
Figure A-5
Utility Services
A-6
Figure A-6 '
Transportation
A-7
Figure A-7
Existing Zoning
A-8
Table in Report
Table 1:
Summary of Public Costs by Sub -Area and Project Type
52

Page 4
Credits and Acknowledgments
Appreciation is expressed to the many citizens and officials who contributed to the creation
of this Plan. Their participation, input and suggestions were of critical importance in
shaping the final recommendations.
This Plan was commissioned by:
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
The City of Wilmington
Additional sponsorship and support was provided by:
The North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
The North Carolina Department of Transportation
The planning process was undertaken with the guidance of:
The Project Oversight Committee (Refer to Appendix E for membership)
The Citizens Advisory Committee (Refer to Appendix F for membership)
Particular acknowledgment should be given to:
Don Eggert, Brunswick County Planning Commission
Dexter Hayes, New Hanover County Planning Commission
Arcelia Wicker, Wilmington Planning Department
Zoe Bruner, Division of Coastal Management (NCDEHNR)
Cranston -ICON -Planning Collaborative is a joint venture of:
Cranston, Robertson & Whitehurst, P.C.
Thomas Heard Robertson
Vicky Kiker
ICON architecture, inc.
Jonathan S. Lane
Kier Riemersma
Rodrigo Herrera
Lucia Vasak
Timothy Parsons
Planning, Research and Management Associates
Dayton L. Sherrouse

Page S
1. Cape Fear River Corridor Plan.
1.1 Introduction
The Master Plan for the Cape Fear River Corridor for the first time addresses the river
corridor in a regional, coordinated and comprehensive context. It is intended to outline a
plan for the future of the Lower Cape Fear River, and both sides of its shores, in a way that
balances economic growth with environmental conservation. The Plan recognizes that the
river is a resource of regional importance and that plans for the corridor must be addressed
within a regional framework. To this end, the Plan presents coordination initiatives that
involve the multiple corridor stake -holders and jurisdictions in carrying out projects that
will have influence throughout the study area. A critical aspect of the Plan is that it is
designed as an integrated system in which each element supports and encourages the goals
and projects of another. For instance, the economic development components of the Plan
work in concert with its conservation and environmental protection recommendations by
taking the approach that the river's qualities are assets for industrial,: commercial and
residential development, rather than obstacles. Likewise, actions directed at enhancing the
historic and cultural identity of the river will not only raise awareness within the corridor,
but also will make it a more recognizable area on a regional and national level, thereby
encouraging investment and growth opportunities. By creating an interlocking series of
initiatives and objectives, the Plan can more easily achieve its ultimate end; to improve the
quality of life for the citizens who live in the Cape Fear River Corridor.
1.2 Vision
Planning for future growth in the Cape Fear River Corridor is critically important, because
the area has a diverse and rapidly growing economy located in the midst of a unique and
specialized environment. The Corridor Plan outlined below formulates a development
strategy that focuses growth opportunities in currently developed areas, capitalizing on the
existing urban infrastructures and systems, and protecting a unique riverine habitat. The
Cape Fear River Corridor of tomorrow will be a region with well -supported and dynamic
urban areas surrounded by publicly accessible riverfront lands and reserves. By
concentrating industrial growth in areas serviced by existing or expandable utilities, the
Corridor can be spared the costs of significantly extending services to new development
projects and sites. Along with protecting riverfront lands bordering the Lower Cape Fear
River, the Corridor Plan brings public attention to the history and culture of the area through
the creation of interpretive park spaces and trails that inform visitors and locals about
important Civil War activities that took place along the river. Improved transportation will
result from construction of a new bridge crossing on the southerly portion of Eagle Island
and a more competitive shipping industry will develop from an expansion of the State Port.
The Cape Fear River Corridor will be a place where industry, commerce, ecology and
urbanity exist in harmony.

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1.3 Goals
The primary goals of the Cape Fear River Corridor Plan, as identified through the citizen
participation process, are:
• Maintain and/or improve water quality.
• Support existing and new water -related and water -enhanced uses, and encourage the
introduction of additional uses which require river access.
• Protect sensitive environmental resources which are recognized by local, state, and/or federal
jurisdictions.
• Maintain and expand public access to the river, enabling a broad range of passive and active
uses.
• Encourage economic development along the river that is consistent with other goals.
• Coordinate governmental actions to protect and develop assets of the river, including
simplification of existing regulations, where feasible.
• Preserve and enhance historic resources, building on the area's historical connection to the
river and the sea.
• Improve transportation linkages, both by land and water.
1.4 Summary and Readers' Guide
The document is intended to serve as a framework for shaping the development pattern of
the Cape Fear River Corridor over the next two decades. It is divided into five different
sections with six appendices attached:
• Section 1 -- introduces the reader to the Plan, presents the Vision of what the Cape Fear
River Corridor is intended to look like after implementation of the Plan, and enumerates
the goals of the Plan as drawn up by the Project Oversight Committee, Citizens
Advisory Committee, workshop participants and the consultants.
Section 2 -- presents the framework within which the Plan has been formulated. This
section outlines the process that has resulted in the creation of the Plan, explains the
planning context of the corridor including a brief inventory report and analysis of
economic conditions, and discusses some of the constraints to development in the
corridor.
Section 3 -- lays out the elements of the Plan in order to convey its overall strategy and
tactical elements. This section systematically explains the underlying principles that
motivate the Plan and is intended to serve as a foundation for understanding why certain
development initiatives are undertaken in the following Section 4, and how those
initiatives contribute to achieving the goals of the Plan. Some of these principles
include maintaining the river's physical qualities and assets, expanding human use of the
river, promoting economic development, directing public investment in the corridor,

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enhancing its historic and cultural assets, and coordinating actions of the different
agencies and entities within the corridor.
• Section 4 -- explains what actions the Plan proposes in specific geographic areas. This
section is broken down into geographic subheadings that are coordinated with a chart in
Appendix B. This chart presents, in outline format, the actions and areas of focus.
Section 4 also elucidates how each action is driven by the underlying principles of the
Plan and how these actions contribute to achieving the stated goals of the Plan.
• Section 5 -- covers implementing the projects and initiatives, including general
management of the corridor, how projects should be phased, what the priority actions
are, and what the overall action agenda is. Corridor management encompasses
establishment of overlay districts, review processes, coordinating implementation
activities and continuation of the Project Oversight Committee.
There are six appendices attached to the document.
• Appendix A -- includes inventory drawings and illustrations for the Plan and are
referred to at appropriate points in the text.
• Appendix B -- presents the individual program elements (actions) of the Plan by
geographic area.
• Appendix C -- outlines financial cost estimates for some key actions of the Plan.
• Appendix D -- outlines the phasing of various aspects of the plan
• Appendix E -- lists members of the Project Oversight Committee
• Appendix F -- lists -members of the Citizens Advisory Committee
The document is structured such that the reader may gain an understanding of the goals and
principles of the Plan in the earlier sections and also grasp the essential context of the river
corridor. The reader can then look at site specific areas and actions in the later sections and
refer to the appendices for illustrations and cost estimates for various projects.

Page 9
2. The Planning Framework
2.1 Planning Process
The Cape Fear River Corridor Master Plan has been conducted concurrently with the
Wilmington Doivntown Plan: Vision 2020, a similar planning effort commissioned jointly by
the City of Wilmington, New Hanover County DARE, Inc. and others. Sponsors of the
River Corridor Plan include Brunswick County (lead agency), the City of Wilmington and
New Hanover County, with participation from North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management (CAMA) and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT).
Both planning processes were guided by a single Project Oversight Committee (POC),
which was comprised of two elected officials and planning staff members from each
governmental jurisdiction, together with representatives of the private sector and CAMA.
The planning process has been conducted with considerable public involvement, so that the
plan is, to the greatest degree possible, a consensus plan. A Citizens Advisory Committee
(CAC), consisting of ninety-three representatives of the immediate area, including
businesses, residents, concerned citizens and special interest groups, as well as participants
from Brunswick County, the City of Wilmington and New Hanover County, was established
by the Project Oversight Committee. The Committee participated in the formulation of
study goals, reviewed and commented on the planning work in progress, reacted to the
various alternatives, and will likely become a constituency for implementing the plan's
recommendations. All committee meetings were open to the public and opportunities for
comment from the public at large were afforded at each meeting. Two of the meetings were
designed as public workshops with extensive advertising to solicit community involvement
and participation.
During the course of developing the Master Plan, several interim reports have been
developed. The Inventory Report, completed during March 1997, contains an assembly of
existing data on the two -county study area, market conditions, assessment of prior plans,
identification of issues, constraints, opportunities and goals for the plan. The Technical
Memorandum on Initial Alternatives, completed in April 1997, outlined the market support
and implications for the river corridor, infrastructure and regulatory framework, offered
three conceptual approaches for development of the river corridor and a comparative
evaluation of the alternatives. The Stage III Alternatives Report, completed in June 1997,
provide additional refinement of the three alternatives which were previously developed,
and consolidated them into two refined alternatives.
2.2 Planning Context'
Study Area
Figure 1 indicates the study area, located in New Hanover and Brunswick Counties parallel
to the Cape Fear River and Brunswick River, following an approximate north -south
orientation from the mouth of the Cape Fear River in the vicinity of Southport, to the
'Maps in Appendix A (Figures A-1 through A-7) support the text in this section.

Page 10
Wilmington area and then northwesterly toward its intersection with Pender County. The
study area focuses on lands which directly adjoin the Cape Fear River and Brunswick River,
extending to a depth of approximately 1,000 feet from the river's edge. The study area
includes the urban waterfront of Wilmington, up to the Holmes Bridge over the Northeast
Cape Fear River, which extends to the north beyond the bridge.
Land Use and Development (Refer to Figure A-1)
The river is an important water transportation corridor, serving vessels bound to and from
the North Carolina State Port facility in Wilmington, as well as cargo barges and other
vessels transporting shipments from and to industries located to the north of Wilmington
along the Northeast Cape Fear River. A U. S. Coast Guard vessel is berthed along the
downtown Wilmington waterfront and several recreational marinas serve pleasure boating
along the study area. A shrimping fleet is based in Southport, near the mouth of the river.
Land use and development patterns along the river corridor can be segmented into three
areas each with different characteristics:
South -- from the mouth of the river to just south of the North Carolina State Port
Authority property. In Brunswick County the extreme southerly portion of the area near
the mouth of the river includes Bald Head Island, which is a high income residential
community, accessible by ferry, with extraordinary natural beauty and large tracts of
conservation and undeveloped land, and the historic seaside city of Southport. Major
industrial uses within this portion of the study area consist of the Archer -Daniels -
Midland chemical plant, the Carolina Power and Light nuclear power plant and the
Military Ocean Terminal, Sunny Point, all located in Brunswick County. The federal
government owns significant acreage on the opposite bank (New Hanover County) of
the River, opposite the Sunny Point piers, where a protective safety area has been
established to limit public access. Much of the Brunswick County river frontage beyond
these industries consists of lowlands and wetlands. North of Sunny Point in Brunswick
County, this segment's river edge is largely undeveloped, due to river edge wetlands and
the absence of transportation and utility services along the west bank of the river. It
includes Brunswick Town, a state-owned historic and archeological site and Orton
Plantation, a privately -owned tract, portions of which are open to the public.
Industrial uses in
Brunswick County.

,- r
Figure 1:
The Study Area
Carolina Beach
'The Preparation of this map was financed
In pan through a grant provided by the
North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through
funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management
Act of 1972, as amended, which Is adminlstered by
the Ofllee of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.'
/ V Study Area Boundary
County Boundary
0 z0,000�'
Cape Fear
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901-1631
[phone]
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

Page 13
Along the New Hanover County side of the river, developed areas are interspersed with
natural preserves and conservation lands. Towards the extreme southerly end of the
study corridor, major wetlands and preserves sharply limit development, up to an area
which includes Fort Fisher, the North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher, the N.C.
National Estuarine Research Reserve, and a ferry terminal for service which connects
this area to Southport. East of these areas, beach -related development in the coastline
communities of Kure Beach and Carolina Beach have created a magnet for new
development and pressures for improved transportation and utility services. Carolina
Beach State Park, at the junction of Snow's Cut and the river, provides an important
open space and recreational resource for this reach of the river's eastern shore. Where
access to the river edge exists north of the arc of the Sunny Point restricted development
zone, strong residential development pressures are occurring with the creation of gated
new developments, which include scattered pockets of housing between River Road and
the river edge and larger residential developments which surround golf courses_ and
other amenities placed on the east side of River Road.
Central -- this area includes the segment of the Cape Fear and Brunswick Rivers
between the port and the north edge of Wilmington's downtown. In this reach of the
study area the character of east and west sides changes substantially, with more
intensive commercial, industrial, and residential development, although there are still
substantial differences between the New Hanover County and Brunswick County
frontages:
Along the Brunswick County side, to the west, access to the river corridor is available
via NC Route 133 and the ground is somewhat higher, enabling some residential and
other development within the study area, mostly to the west of Route 133, but including
scattered uses near the river edge. Community sewerage services are available in the
communities of Belville, Leland, and Navassa, and sewer service expansion by
Brunswick County are planned, enabling residential and other development. A boat
ramp exists in Belville, although it requires dredging. Eagle Island between the Cape
Fear and Brunswick Rivers is largely owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has
been used for disposal of river dredge material and is not developed.
Along the New Hanover County side of this reach of the river, the edge is more heavily
developed, starting with the City's wastewater treatment plant, the North Carolina Port
Authority's Wilmington facility, and continuing to the north to include oil terminals,
some existing and former industrial uses, and a range of public and private facilities
which form the westerly river edge of downtown Wilmington. These uses are
intertwined with historic residential, commercial, and service uses in the central
Wilmington area, which are served by a dense urban infrastructure of streets, utilities,
and services. The heart of Wilmington's downtown is located between the Memorial
lift bridge, to the south, and the Holmes Bridge, to the north, and includes mostly
commercial and public uses, with a small amount of remaining industry, principally at
the northern and southern extremities of this segment. Wilmington's downtown has
benefited from its relatively good access from the interstate highway system, served by
Route I-40, whose southerly terminus is just north of the City boundary within New
Hanover County, and from direct connections (originally via streetcar) and now via US
Routes 17 and 74 to the North Carolina seasonal beach communities (principally .

Page 14
Wrightsville Beach), which have strengthened the downtown's role as a cultural and
service center for its region.
North — this part of the study area consists of a reach of the Cape Fear River from its
junction with the Brunswick River to the northerly edge of the study area, at the
junction of the Cape Fear River with the Pender County line. This stretch of riverfront
within the study area consists mostly of wetlands, although significant industrial
development along US 421 in New Hanover County and scattered industrial
development within Brunswick County affect the river corridor with point source
discharges.
Historic Resources (Refer to Figure A-2)
The Cape Fear region has a rich history, with initial settlement efforts in the early 17`h
century. The initial settlers included a party from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and
Barbadian explorers. Many sites within the study area reflect these and successive layers of
history:
• Brunswick Town — located in Brunswick County and founded in 1725 about 16 miles
below Wilmington. The successive Forts at Brunswick Town protected the river
passage during the Revolutionary War and during the War Between the States. The site
is now managed by the State of North Carolina and contains significant archeological
resources as well as an interpretive exhibit and walking trails.
• Orton Plantation — built in 1725 by Roger Moore, founder of Brunswick Town, the
plantation is about ten miles north of Southport and remains in continuous residential
use. Its gardens are open to the public.
• Fort Johnston — located in Southport, the fort was built in 1754 to protect the mouth of
the river. Site remnants of the fort are all that is left of this historic property.
• Fort Fisher — built by Confederate forces as part of a system of coastal defenses (which
also included Fort Johnston (Pender), Fort Caswell and Fort Anderson), the site includes
an interpretive center and intact ramparts, and is interpreted by the State of North
Carolina. The Fort was the last Confederate stronghold to fall and was taken over by
Union forces in January of 1865.
• Fort Caswell — originally occupied 2,800 acres at the east end of Oak Island,
overlooking the entry to the river. Completed in 1838, the fort was largely destroyed by
Confederate forces in the beginning of 1865. The ruins have been left largely intact and
are now maintained by the Baptist Assembly of North Carolina, which owns the land.
• Historic districts in the City of Wilmington — the city was founded in 1732 and
became the seat of the colonial governor, Gabriel Johnston in 1734. The city became a
major ship -building site and a transportation hub for timber and other local products.
The city was a strategic shipping center during the War Between the States and a
headquarters for blockade runners. Wilmington has, over time, played a series of
economic and service roles, having been a center for rice production, lumber products,
naval stores, and a rail transportation center. The downtown historic districts include a
large extent of intact and well-preserved commercial and residential buildings which are
in close proximity to the river, comprising an important local historic district with
strong review and approval powers.

Page 15
Parks and Open Spaces (Refer to figure A-2)
The majority of the river edge in the study area has been left undeveloped, because its
wetlands and estuarine resources are either physically impossible to develop or highly
constrained due to government regulations which prohibit development or make it extremely
costly. These open lands provide habitat for a variety of species and serve as a river buffer,,
although much of the frontage is privately owned.
Key parks and open spaces in the public domain along the river include:
South -- from the mouth of the river to the State Port, much of the river edge is open,
including large tracts of land which are likely to remain undeveloped. In New Hanover
County, these parcels include the North Carolina State Estuarine Reserve, State property in
the Fort Fisher vicinity, Federal property with restricted public access which is part of the
Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal buffer zone, two sites which are part of Carolina
Beach State Park, and the ocean -side beaches along Kure Beach. To the north of Snow's
Cut on the New Hanover County side, the land is largely in private ownership, although the
nearby River Road provides views of the river. In this segment of the river, ready access,
and available municipal services are contributing to increased development pressure, which
is eliminating open spaces in favor of new residential uses. In Brunswick County, open
spaces accessible to the public include privately -owned Orton Plantation, state properties
which are part of Brunswick Town, and urban waterfront areas in Southport, and the Ocean-
side sections of Caswell Beach. In this segment, significant frontages of the river associated
with the Sunny Point military reservation will be maintained as open lands and habitat, but
will not be accessible for public use due to security and safety restrictions. In this segment
of the corridor, significant estuarine and freshwater wetlands are restricted for development
and will continue to contribute to an open character to the landscape.
Entrance to Orton Plantation.
Central — from the state port to the northerly junction of the Brunswick and Cape Fear
Rivers, this stretch of the corridor is urbanized, including the incorporated areas of
Wilmington, Belville, Navassa, and Leland. Parks and dedicated open spaces include the
urban riverwalk and associated public lands within downtown Wilmington, the battleship
cove (on the west bank of the Cape Fear), and a public boat ramp and park in Belville.
Eagle Island, between the Cape Fear and Brunswick Rivers, is largely open and
undeveloped, with the exception of salvage and other waterfront uses on the west bank of

Page 16
the Cape Fear opposite downtown Wilmington. The west bank of the Brunswick River in
the vicinity of the mouth of Sturgeon Creek has substantial wetlands; however, many
stretches of this frontage are developable and may not remain open.
North — this reach of the river has no designated public open spaces nor parks, but contains
substantial wetlands.
Coastal Resources (Refer to Figure A-3)
The river corridor contains many coastal resources which are important loci for land -side
and water resources including, but not limited to:
• Habitats for aquatic and terrestrial life -- these are concentrated in the wetlands near
the mouth of the river, at the edges of the river, and in the extensive lowlands in the
northerly portion of the study area between the Cape Fear River and Brunswick River,
and between the Upper Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear Rivers.
• Wetlands -- are a major factor in the study area as they provide habitat and impact the
developability of land. The wetlands include estuarine marsh areas (principally -near the
mouth of the river) and freshwater wetland areas (more heavily concentrated along the
Brunswick County side and between the northerly segment of the rivers).
• Protected lands -- within the study area there are a range of designated properties
including historic properties and districts, sites of archeological interest (for example,
Brunswick Town and Old Town), state and federal coastal reserve areas, and other
public use and ownership areas.
Visual Character and Public Access (Refer to Figure A-4)
A large portion of the river frontage is not accessible to the public due to the factors which
were highlighted above. Key features which permit access include:
Public access at urban waterfronts --truly public riverfront places are very limited. At
the edges of the communities of Wilmington and Southport, significant visual and
pedestrian access to the river is possible. In the case of Wilmington, the River Walk has
made a significant impact in creating a public domain where citizens can enjoy the
activity and beauty of the river. In Southport, a major pier and walkways around the
shrimp fleet harbor provide a sense of transparency and activity to the water.
• Access to properties which are open to the public --key sites where the public can
gain access to the river include existing municipal and county parks, the Brunswick
Town and Fort Fisher sites, Carolina Beach State Park, and on a more selective basis
due to private ownership, Orton Plantation and the Baptist properties on the former site
of Fort Caswell.
• River views --the river is highly visible from the places noted above, as well as from
many stretches of River Road, on the New Hanover County side, due to its relative
proximity to the shore. In contrast, the Brunswick County riverfront is largely hidden
from Route 133, which is set back a considerable distance from the river edge.

Page 17
2.3 Economic and Market Conditions
Explosive population growth is the driving force in the local market —particularly in New
Hanover County. Both counties within the study area are expected to continue the
impressive growth that they have experienced during the last several decades. As stated in
the Stage I: Inventory Report, Brunswick County's population is currently projected by the
North Carolina Office of State Planning to increase from 62,750 in 1996 to 97,920 by the
year 2020—an increase of 56%. Likewise, New Hanover County's population for the same
period is projected to increase from 144,043 to 202,050—an increase of 40%.
While these projections appear to be realistic based on the past trends for Brunswick
County, they appear to be low for New Hanover County. For example, New Hanover
County has averaged 2,424 new residential permits per year (not including mobile homes)
since 1990. If that annual rate of increase in residential building activity is continued
throughout the planning period and an average household size of 2.3 is assumed, the
population in 2020 would be 272,273—substantially higher than the population of 202,050
currently projected by the Office of State Planning. Taking into account the possibility of a
smaller household size (due to increasing numbers of retirees), increases in the number of
seasonal housing units and lower occupancy rates, New Hanover County is still facing
substantial growth in the upcoming decades. For the purposes of the analysis of market
impact on the river corridor, the state projections have been utilized.
Due to a variety of factors including availability of developable land, availability of utilities,
existing and projected land use, impact on water quality of the river and market conditions,
the implications for development of each side of the river corridor are much different. The
following market assumptions by land use will be segmented for each side of the river
corridor. In general, market support for use of the Brunswick County side of the river
corridor will consist primarily of residential, industrial, open space, and conservation with:,
minor commercial activity. Similarly, on the New Hanover side of the river corridor, the
future market will be primarily for residential, commercial, office and institutional uses,
with minor industrial expansion. The downtown area of Wilmington will contain the largest
concentration of commercial, office and institutional uses— possibly including special
purpose activities such as museums and convention center/hotel all within the corridor.
The projections contained in this discussion of potential acreage by land use, housing units
and square feet in building structures are intended to be approximate. The market is
dynamic and influenced by many factors —any of which could change and have a dramatic
impact on the projections. They represent our best estimate given current existing and
projected conditions and trends.
Brunswick County
Residential Market. The future population projections discussed earlier will require an
additional 18,750 housing units in Brunswick County by the target year of 2020. Given
current and projected trends, approximately 7,000 of these units will be located along the
beach corridor from Southport toward the North Carolina/South Carolina state line. The
amount of residential development occurring within the river corridor area will depend
greatly on the availability of utilities since large areas contain soil which is unsuitable for
septic tank use. Depending upon the availability of developable property on the river, as

Page 18
few as 1,400 residential acres or as many as 6,000 acres will be needed for future residential
growth within the river corridor area. In any event, most of the future residential growth
outside of the beach corridor could occur within or near the river corridor if utilities are
available.
Industrial Growth. Unlike New Hanover County, Brunswick County is in a position to
absorb most of the future industrial growth within the two county area. Of course, this will
depend upon the development policies pursued by the county, the provision of utilities and
the industry's dependency on the use of the river either for water supply, transportation or
for water discharge purposes. The river corridor could accommodate future industrial
expansion in a range of 2,100 - 5,400 acres, which is more than current market projections
indicate will be needed. This industrial expansion could occur in the area north of Navassa,
across from the State Port and just north and south of Sunny Point.
Commercial/Retail Opportunities Commercial activity within the corridor will be limited
in those areas proposed for industrial development and conservation reserves. In those areas
where residential development is proposed, there will be commercial opportunities to serve
residential populations.
Office and Institutional Opportunities. Again, in areas of the corridor given an industrial
orientation, there will be limited market for office and institutional uses within the river
corridor. Within residential areas, the market will be improved, but limited to smaller scale
uses in support of the residential communities.
New Hanover County
Residential Market. Residential activity occupied a total of 16,908 acres in the county in
1990. To accommodate the projected population growth, a total of 35,000 additional
housing units on 11,500 acres will be needed by the year 2020. The majority of this growth
will occur outside the eastern portion of the Cape Fear River corridor. There are several
areas along the New Hanover County side of the Cape Fear River where future residential
growth would be appropriate and supported by the market. The first area would extend
from just below the NC State Port property south to the Carolina Beach area. The second
area would be in downtown Wilmington. These areas would provide a total 3,000 to 4,500
acres for future residential development and a total of 7,000-11,500 housing units.
The residential development in the downtown Wilmington area of the river corridor would
differ from that along the river corridor south of the State Ports. In the downtown area the
residential market could be divided into two segments —additional expansion of units above
the retail in the downtown area and higher density in mid -rise units on smaller available lots
to capitalize on the downtown amenities. Along the corridor south of the State Port, the
residential development would follow the traditional mix of low to medium density typical
of a planned unit development.
Industrial Growth. Industrial employment patterns have remained relatively stable in
recent years with industrial employment as a percentage of total employment declining. The
market for future industrial expansion in New Hanover County will be limited due to land
availability and water quality issues. Existing industrial areas are "boxed -in" with very
little room for expansion. Most, if not all, of the additional 2,000 acres required for future
industrial growth could be provided in the river corridor —along route 421, in the State Port

Page 19
area, and in an area immediately south of the State Port property. Some limited light
industrial activity could occur in the vicinity of the airport as well. Overall, industrial
employment is expected to continue to decline as a percent of total employment as
industries become more capital intensive and the commercial, office, and tourism markets
continue to expand.
Commercial/Retail Opportunities. Consistent with the population growth as discussed
earlier, commercial activity will occupy an additional 1,500 acres by the year 2020 over the
approximately 3,280 acres utilized in 1990. The majority of this growth will occur outside
the river corridor. The exceptions will be in the downtown area of Wilmington where an
additional 250,000 400,000 square feet of commercial area could be provided throughout
the riverfront area. This commercial space could be provided in the redevelopment of the
Water Street Parking deck, as a part of a new hotel -convention center complex, additional
restaurants and rehabilitation and re -use of existing structures, and the redevelopment of
industrial areas in the northern downtown areas. A smaller number of retail and mixed use
establishments could be integrated as a part of a larger planned unit development along
River Road. Growth in the commercial retail market will be supported by the population
increases and the continued growth of the travel and tourism industry. With the projected
growth in the county, additional commercial space in the range of 3.5 million square feet
could be utilized by the year 2020.
Office and Institutional Opportunities. The future demand for office and institutional
space will account for an additional 1.75 - 2.5 million square feet in the target year. With
the exception of the downtown area and some small clusters as a part of larger mixed use
developments, most of this expansion will occur outside the river corridor. Some additional
office and institutional expansion will occur in the river corridor area in downtown
Wilmington through a mixture of new construction and rehabilitation of existing structures
in the range of 400,000 - 700,000 square feet.
2.4 Constraints for Development
Utilities (Refer to Figure A-5)
Land uses along the river will be affected by the availability and location of water and sewer
services. Along most of the corridor, particularly the Brunswick County side, facilities are
concentrated in the incorporated areas. Nevertheless, new services can be readily provided
to areas that are likely to be developed or that become targeted for early growth.
Strong major water providers tap an abundant supply from the river, but the extent and
capacities of distribution systems are limited, due to long distances, sparse customer base,
and fragmented system operations.
Sewerage is similarly limited in extent and capacity, and is subject to being a point of
disagreement among jurisdictions that find themselves in competition for discharge
allocations. Regional planning for wastewater management in support of a common plan
might engender cooperative growth.

Page 20
Transportation (Refer to Figure A-6)
Transportation is an important consideration with respect to future growth patterns up and
down the corridor. Future road improvements will vary depending upon the types,
locations, and scale of development. -
The system of transportation planning continuously responds to escalating traffic volumes
accompanying population growth through the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP).
Among the projects in the current plan to be executed through the year 2003, the principal
undertaking is the northern Wilmington U.S. 17 Bypass. The Cape Fear River Corridor Plan
assumes that the TIP will be implemented as outlined and that the existing planning
mechanism will identify future needs as growth occurs. New development, particularly in
the southern part of New Hanover County, will eventually underscore the need for a new
high bridge over the river south of Wilmington.
Regulatory Framework
Various governmental jurisdictions enforce regulations designed to govern land use and
development in the public interest. Several key regulatory programs that will have major
influences on the plan are as follows:
Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA)
The nature of riverfront land use will be most affected by CAMA regulations whose
management objective is to protect estuarine waters and a 75' landward buffer strip. These
regulations are often blamed for inhibiting undertakings that are seen as being in the public
interest, particularly in primary nursery areas and in historically urban settings like
downtown Wilmington (which could not be built today under current rules). While it has
been assumed that the Division of Coastal Management will adhere to its management
objectives, there may be some room for considering a framework for variances through
overlay districts, mitigation measures, etc. in consideration of an overall plan. It may also
be desirable to enhance upland buffers in newly developed areas.
With respect to historic urban waterfronts, North Carolina State legislation (House Bill
1059) has recently amended the Coastal Area Management Act to allow non -water
dependent uses on public trust areas within lands which meet several criteria, including
historic designation, central business district zoning, waterfront location, local juristictional
support, lack of adverse environmental impact, and consistency with the local urban
waterfront development plan.
Local Regulations
Development rules vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Brunswick County regulates only
residential subdivisions and not commercial nor industrial installations. New Hanover
County and the City of Wilmington are drafting a unified development ordinance, which
should simplify the permitting process. At the same time, care should be taken to recognize
the differences inherent between a city setting and a suburban environment, with
correspondingly distinctive rules (covering, for example, storm water detention methods,
setbacks, etc.). In the broader sense, some common ground may exist for regional
cooperative review of proposals that affect the river corridor.

Page 21
Zoning (Refer to Figure A-7)
Current zoning on either side of the river poses a minor constraint to development; but one
that is less pivotal than infrastructure availability. On the Brunswick County side, large
tracts along the northern edge of the study area and between Belville and Sunny Point are
zoned "Rural," meaning that a broad range of uses are permitted, but that these areas are not
envisioned as becoming of urban or suburban character within twenty years. In the case that
substantial development is shown on such lands in the Plan, it would be implied that
infrastructure might be extended to these properties and that their zoning classifications
would be modified. On the New Hanover County side, the most significant constraint posed
by zoning is the designation of lands south of the port for Heavy Manufacturing (I-2 zone),
which is intended to accommodate large scale industry. In this area, it is suggested that
residential development would be appropriate, extending the type of development which is
occurring further south along River Road. In this area a Planned Development District
might be appropriate, requiring a significant submittal and approval process.
2.5 Water Quality
Water quality in the Cape Fear River is basic to the future of the region because the river
provides drinking and process water; assimilates wastewater; and supports recreation,
fisheries, and wildlife. Problems with water quality are regional concerns and, as such,
should be addressed through some type of regional cooperative management.
Situated at the mouth of the largest drainage basin in the state, the Lower Cape Fear River
Corridor receives runoff and wastewater discharges from point and non -point sources within
all urbanized and agricultural regions of the watershed. The planning area also
encompasses important habitat for coastal flora and fauna, birds and animals, and shellfish
and finfish. In addition, the river also serves as a source of potable water, supporting the
human population of the region, as well as providing process water for industry.
Water Supply
The Cape Fear River drainage basin as a whole has experienced substantial population
growth, which will likely continue. Public drinking water supply usage is expected to
nearly double by the year 2020, and pressure to transfer water to growing population centers
outside the watershed will continue. The available quantity of water, though, should be
adequate to support the anticipated growth.
Wastewater
With the increased water usage will come significant increases in the volume of wastewater.
Urban growth will also produce an attendant increase in non -point source pollution.
The Lower Cape Fear River is considered by the State Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources to be at the limit of its capacity to assimilate organic waste
discharges. The long range goal of. the Department's Basin -wide Management Plan is to
provide "a means of addressing the complex problems of restoring the quality and intended
uses of the Cape Fear Basin surface waters, while accommodating population increases and

Page 22
reasonable economic growth." For the corridor this means that very efficient treatment
processes will be required for new or expanding wastewater facilities. The River Corridor
Plan, therefore, assumes that the basin -wide water quality management goal will be met
with basin -wide waste load reductions, "including accommodation of inter -basin water
transfers and non -point source pollution upstream." If the goals are not met, it is possible
that moratoria on sewer connections or development in general could be imposed. Beyond
these stopgap measures, the regulators will need to look at reducing waste loads from
upriver, which are currently, and perhaps incorrectly, considered as normal or "background"
at Lock and Dam No. 1. Land application of wastewater offers another non -discharge
treatment option. Ultimately, an ocean outfall might be a more permanent solution to
wastewater disposal.
For New Hanover County and the City of Wilmington, the projected population growth
through 2020 will require additional wastewater treatment capacity of between 8 - 12
million gallons per day. In Brunswick County, where utility providers are more fragmented,
this study assumes that the county will be successful in establishing regional sewerage for
the northern portion of the corridor, including the establishment of adequate treatment
works, either by expanding existing facilities or constructing new ones.
Water Quality Improvement Initiatives
While scientific analysis of quantitative water quality parameters is beyond the scope of this
study, the Plan responds to the need for good water in qualitative terms by recommending a
vegetated buffer along the rivers edge. Recognizing the importance of acceptable water
quality to many constituencies, various groups and institutions have undertaken scientific
monitoring or ongoing advocacy roles regarding water quality, and the Plan encourages
implementation of practicable recommendations emerging from such efforts. For example,
the University of North Carolina at Wilmington sponsors The Cape Fear River Program at
the Center for Marine Science Research to conduct research studies on a large scale in the
lower portion of the Cape Fear River and adjoining estuaries, to establish an understanding
of existing conditions and to form a basis for effective management and use of the river in
the future. In addition, the state has recently established the Clean Water Management
Trust Fund, which will receive 6.5 percent of the unreserved credit balance of the state at
the end of each year to be applied toward improving water quality. The types of projects
that might be funded under this program include repair of failing waste treatment systems
and septic tanks, acquisition of conservation easements and riparian buffers, storm water
control, elimination of untreated drainage discharges, restoration of dredged lands, and
planning for reductions in surface water pollution.

Page 23
3. Elements of the Plan
3.1 Overview of the Plan and its Elements
The Plan for the Cape Fear River Corridor has been motivated by a sincere and deeply
shared desire among the communities in two adjoining counties to protect and effectively
use the rich resource which the river represents to their citizens. The Plan presents a vision
of what the river could be and a guidance document for how the public and private sectors
can cooperate to insure that the scenario becomes real.
The Plan presents mechanisms and strategies for achieving economic development of the
region while protecting sensitive environments along the river corridor. The Plan
emphasizes new industrial, commercial and residential development in areas which have
existing or proposed infrastructure and are suited, in terms of land use patterns and
environment, for these uses. Consistent with these development recommendations, the Plan
encourages conservation and protection of wetlands and other sensitive areas through the
creation of upland buffers bordering new uses.
Recognizing the robust population growth which is forecast for both New Hanover and
Brunswick Counties, the Plan recommends creating both urban and natural places for public
access, parks, and open space uses at- intervals along the river corridor and providing
needed recreational opportunities along the banks of the river. Additionally, the Plan builds
on the rich heritage of the Cape Fear River and its significant sites to create a network
which can strengthen the identity of the region through enhancing and linking these historic
resources.
Finally, and most significantly, the planning process and the specific recommendations of
the Cape Fear River Plan aim to coordinate the future planning and development of the
corridor through innovative cooperation between counties and municipalities who share a
common resource, heritage, and asset. These key concepts are shown on Figure 2 and a
detailed program summary is shown in Appendix B.
Each concept of the Plan is designed to dovetail with the other main concepts. As the river
corridor is composed of many complex natural and man-made systems, and is itself part of
larger regional systems, the underlying principles and recommended actions of the Plan
should not be viewed in isolation. The conservation and environmental protection
initiatives included in the Plan are meant to improve the water quality and ecosystems of the
river, but also to make the corridor more attractive to residential, commercial and industrial
development. The Plan recognizes that balancing the needs of all constituencies within the
corridor is critical to successful, long term development of the communities along the
corridor.
While the various elements of the Plan will be described in more detail below, examples of
the overall balance designed into the Plan include the principle of economizing new
development by generally focusing it within or adjoining to existing utility service areas.
Not only will such a strategy make development, in many cases, less expensive, it will assist
the conservation initiatives of the Plan by limiting development pressures on undeveloped
land. Similarly, while enhancing the historic image and resources of the river corridor will
help to create a stronger sense of identity for the region, it will also help to make the river
corridor more recognizable nationally, and consequently become a more attractive place for
investment and development.

Page 24
An overall program for primary public investment initiatives is an element of the Plan. The
public investment recommendations of the Plan are intended to strengthen the infrastructure
of the region while at the same time acting as a guidance element for where future
development may occur. Public investment in the corridor infrastructure will be influenced
by public perception as to where the most critical growth opportunities exist in the corridor.
These initiatives, therefore, demand further analysis and development that is outside the
scope of this report.
The principal concepts of the Plan are presented in Sections 3.2 through 3.7 and include the
following:
• protect the river's qualities (Section 3.2)
• expand use of the river (Section 3.3)
• achieve economic development (Section 3.4)
• program public investment to reinforce the plan (Section 3.5)
• communicate the river's cultural and historic resources (Section 3.6)
• coordinate regional activities (Section 3.7)
3.2 Protect the River's Qualities
Protection of the Cape Fear River's unique qualities is critical to the success of the Plan and
to the sense of the region. The river itself is a primary, defining feature of the Cape Fear
region and the communities within it. In early issue workshops, the most important concern
identified by project participants was to protect the quality of the water in the Cape Fear
River. It is important to note that, to some degree, this issue is dependent on actions
outside the defined planning area, particularly associated with pollution from upstream
sources.
A concern for river quality is especially acute in the study area of the Cape Fear region,
inasmuch as significant and continuing growth is forecast over the planning period.
Protecting the natural assets of the river and its associated wetlands is fundamental to
ensuring that the Corridor remains an attractive and healthy environment for residential,
commercial and industrial development. If the environment is not protected, all
constituencies within the region will be adversely affected. Poor water quality and river
pollution dissuade residential development and detract from increased recreational uses of
the river. Increases in pollution will make the area less attractive for industry and more
difficult to develop if increased pollution leads to tighter development constraints in the
future. A balanced approach to maintenance of the River is required, and is possible with
minimal effort, allowing all users of the river corridor to enjoy its significant benefits.
The Plan recommends specific protection mechanisms for the land along the edges of the
river:
• Creation of upland buffers between new development and the river's wetlands --
upland buffers to wetland areas will provide natural areas separating development from
sensitive environments, while at the same time acting as a bio-filter to assist in
mitigating impacts of surface runoff from new development, and, in turn contributing to

Figure 2:
,-
The Plan
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CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
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452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901-1631
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Cranston, Robertson
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Planning, Research and
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Augusta, Georgia

Page 27
improved river water quality. This approach strikes a balance between economic
development and water quality improvement, both fundamental goals of the entire Plan.
Wetlands in the southern Cape Fear
River Corridor.
The recommended upland buffer would be a "no -build" zone established adjacent to the
upland edges of river -associated jurisdictional wetlands, where new buildings or paved
surfaces would generally be prohibited for a depth of 50 feet for residential and
recreational uses, and 100 feet for industrial, commercial and other non-residential uses.
Within the buffer area, trees greater than 6 inches in diameter would be preserved.
Ideally, the buffer would be left undisturbed in its natural state, but low limbs could be
pruned, and understory growth cleared in conjunction with replacement landscaping and
grounds maintenance. Allowable development will include Port facilities, other "water -
dependent" uses, recreational uses with very limited areas of impervious surfaces
consistent with the vegetated buffer, development within historic urban waterfronts, and
agriculture and silviculture conducted by "best management practices." Existing
structures and uses would be "grandfathered," and modest additions to existing
structures of up to 15 percent would be permitted. Variances for cases of hardship
would be considered on an individual basis by the local jurisdictions and by the
cooperative review mechanism established to implement the Plan.
Encouragement of conservation reserves along the river's edge — Conservation
reserves along the edges of the river should be encouraged, in cooperation with willing
private owners, to improve wildlife habitat and protect the "green" view along long
reaches of the river's banks. This strategy has been highly effective in other comparable
areas and can capitalize on the interests of large property owners to preserve the
environment for future generations, through easement, donation, or voluntary
conservation efforts. As required, the sponsoring jurisdictions should be prepared to
work with such owners, particularly along the Brunswick County frontage of the Cape
Fear River, to negotiate or support such arrangements.
• Development of coordination mechanisms among county and municipal entities --
in order to protect the resources of the river, it will be important for the various
jurisdictions to work in concert to achieve the goals of the Plan. The provisions of
Section 3.7 (below) outline several important mechanisms which can engender this level
of cooperation.

Page 28
The intent of these mechanisms is to ensure that the desired economic development of the
river corridor is encouraged and allowed to flourish in a manner that maintains the natural
environment as an asset, rather than an obstacle.
3.3 Expand Use of the River
The River Corridor Plan proposes to expand the use of the river for both public and private
uses, based on the concept that the river is a fundamental asset of the region that must be
utilized in order to realize its inherent value to the communities within the area. However,
public or private uses must be sited to complement the overall goals of the plan. The key
principles for expanded use of the river include:
Attracting new private uses which complement and support existing developed
areas — the Plan recommends that new development, in general, occur on sites that
adjoin or are within already developed areas along the river in order to make best use of
existing infrastructure, including utilities, roads, and drainage systems. Intensification
of the existing urban areas will allow for more efficient land use within the corridor and
will assist in achieving the goals of greater recreational access and public space, by
reducing development pressure on lands which, with proper encouragement from
concerned jurisdictions, may be made more accessible to the public for recreational
uses. Areas where existing infrastructure offers this opportunity include Wilmington (in
coordination with recommendations of the Wilmington Downtown Plan: Vision 2020),
the Belville/Leland/Navassa area, Southport, and areas extending south of Wilmington
on the New Hanover County side of the river.
New sub -division within the
river corridor.
• Creating new opportunities for public uses which are well located to serve the
growing regional population -- the Plan proposes to expand recreational uses and
opportunities on and at the edge of the river, capitalizing on the river as a quality of life
asset for its region. As new development occurs within the region and along the river,
new public uses along the river must be created and provided for before such
opportunities are lost. The actions recommended by the Plan include:
creating new parks and public spaces particularly along the New Hanover County side
where population growth will be most significant, both in downtown Wilmington and
along the southern part of the corridor.

Page 29
expanding public use opportunities and public spaces at existing parks and public
lands including Carolina Beach State Park and Brunswick Town (in potential
cooperation with Sunny Point).
exploring potential reclamation of a small portion of public lands at Eagle Island for
long term recreational use, if this can be done while maintaining the site's capacity to
dispose of dredge materials.
improving recreational boat access on the Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers, taking
advantage of existing facilities and planning for increased small boat access and land -
side support.
increasing urban connections to the river, especially in downtown Wilmington through
extension of River Walk and in coordination with new development.
developing trail systems and publicly accessible riverfront spaces in coordination with
new development. -
3.4 Achieve Economic Development
Stimulating new economic development and supporting existing economic activities within
the corridor area comprise a fundamental goal of the Plan. In order for this goal to be
achieved, several underlying principles must be recognized and acted upon as guiding tenets
for future actions. These principles include:
Make effective use of the infrastructure that is already in place -- new development
(industrial, commercial and residential) can be attracted to the corridor not only to take
advantage of its location value, but also to use utility and roadway investments which
are already in place. The Plan proposes taking advantage of existing and planned water
and sewer systems in the northern and southern sections of the study area in Brunswick
County and along the New Hanover County side by emphasizing clustering of new
development in locations where utilities exist or can readily be extended. The Plan
proposes that regulatory policies for development be reviewed and modified as
appropriate to favor redevelopment and infill within existing urban and semi -urbanized
areas over new suburban lands.
• Accommodate the proposed expansion of the State Port and utilize it as a catalyst
for growth -- the North Carolina State Port Authority facility along the east bank of the
Cape Fear River is a unique resource that gives regional businesses and industry a direct
link to national and international markets. Its plans for expansion should be supported
and used as a catalyst to stimulate economic development in sectors that would benefit
from being within close proximity to a port facility. This expansion should be
accomplished in ways that mitigate friction between the Port property and its residential
neighbors.
• Recognize the advantages which the river offers for new industry -- the Army Corps
of Engineers has already invested heavily in dredging the deep water channel and plans
significant improvements to increase channel depth and enlarge turning radii and

Page 30
turning basins. The channel, particularly south of the Memorial Bridge (where it is
deepest), can be an important asset to attract industries that need direct access to the
marine operations. Additionally, the river provides an important resource for industries
that require significant amounts of water for industrial processes. Such industries could
be attracted to the area, particularly the northern portion of the corridor (where an
abundant fresh water supply is available), provided they were developed in accordance
with the Plan's principles and did not pose adverse effects on the environment.
Capture residential growth and related service growth -- The entire Cape Fear
region is currently experiencing significant population and economic growth. Some
amounts of that growth will surely occur along the river, consistent with past trends.
Efforts should be made to insure that such development is in compliance with the
principles of the Plan and that coordinated efforts between public and private sectors
can achieve high quality development which both contributes to the economy and
respects the environment.
The above -mentioned principles are designed to work in conjunction with the overall
strategy of the River Corridor Plan. In order to achieve balanced and sustainable
development within the corridor study area, the assets that exist -- roads, railroads, ports,
water, sewer, and drainage -- must be recognized as valuable and used as engines of growth
for attracting new development and creating a diverse regional economy. The ability to
maintain balanced, stable growth will assist in realizing other goals of the Plan. Economic
stability will allow greater environmental protection to take place as stake -holders operating
inside the corridor will see that economic growth and environmental conservation are
mutually beneficial. Similarly, residential development will be easier to attract and manage
if a well maintained environment is achieved along with successful business and industrial
development.
3.5 Program Public Investment to Reinforce the Plan
Properly directed public investment can be used to encourage directions of development and
growth which will reinforce the overall goals of the plan and contribute to improvement of
the river environment. As an example, the proposed Highway 17 Bypass will redirect
significant amounts of growth along its corridor. Properly managed, this growth can be
used to support both the conservation aspects of the Plan and the goals of expanding
economic growth. With supportive improvements, such as appropriately located
interchanges and linkages to other regional facilities, the type, scale and location of
development can be significantly influenced. While detailed transportation planning is
beyond the scope of this report, the Plan's recommendations should be developed further in
more thorough detailed studies.
Based on review of the regional long range plans as well as active proposals within each
jurisdiction in the region, several changes in emphasis are suggested which can further the
implementation of the Cape Fear River Corridor Plan:
• Investigate modifications to the planned regional highway system to support
desired future development -- future road improvement needs will vary depending
upon the types, locations, and scale of development. The system of highway planning
continuously responds to escalating traffic volumes accompanying population growth

Page 31
through the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The Plan has identified a
series of potential changes and additions to current regional plans which could direct
and encourage development in appropriate locations within Brunswick County, while
providing relief for the congested road network at the center of Wilmington. These
include: (1) addition of an interchange to the proposed Route 17 Bypass at SR 1430 to
provide better access to potential industrial sites along the northerly sections of
Brunswick County's Cape Fear riverfront; (2) long term re -thinking of the location of a
southerly high bridge across the river to serve the port by investigating links to
Brunswick County, connecting to Route 74/76 to the west and the Route 17 bypass, thus
opening up additional industrial sites which would be removed from the river edge, but
connected to the port, and; (3) planning and construction of potential development
roads removed from the river edge in Brunswick County which would enable industrial
development set back from the river.
.�
Memorial Bridge in Wilmington.
Encourage public -private partnerships for coordinated infrastructure and
development — where practical, public entities should endeavor to cooperate with
private developers to plan and implement infrastructure improvements which can further
the goals of the plan. One significant example where such an approach might have great
promise is along the New Hanover side, between Snow's Cut and Barnards Creek,
where large scale residential development could conceivably accommodate major public
park land and relocation of River Road away from the river's edge to enable greater
reservation of lowlands for river buffer and public easements, while supporting
significant new development.
Explore institutional innovations to make more effective use of regional public
assets — several opportunities may be available to manage public lands and facilities to
further the goals of the plan and should be explored over the long term. At the Military
Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point (MOTSU), opportunities for joint use of the deep water
port facilities of the northern pier, military operated railroad service, adjoining lands to
Brunswick Town, and lands abutting Carolina Beach State Park could offer significant
public benefit, assuming that, in the long term, appropriate arrangements could be
negotiated to accommodate safety concerns and the over-riding military mission of
MOTSU. Similarly, expansion of the North Carolina Port Authority facility to the north

Page 32
could offer opportunities to develop new public -private partnerships for shipping
facilities along the New Hanover County side of the river, concentrating these
operations south of Memorial Bridge and taking advantage of the deeper channel
serving the port. Lastly, cooperative planning with the Army Corps of Engineers at
Eagle Island might result in the ability to manage very important dredge material
operations while accommodating potential reclamation of northerly portions of the
island for longer term recreational uses.
3.6 Communicate the River's Cultural and Historic Resources
As documented in the project Inventory Report and summarized in Section 2, the Cape Fear
River Corridor contains significant river -related historical resources that have been pivotal
to the development of the state and region. These include state -operated sites at Brunswick
Town and Fort Fisher, numerous historic fortifications, the historic downtowns of
Wilmington and Southport, and many other privately -owned individual sites. Many of these
sites, while important individually, share common histories and could be the basis for
broader interpretation and heritage tourism. For example, the role of the region's coastal
defense systems in the last battles of the Confederacy and the final retreat towards
Wilmington involve broad reaches of the river and its resources. The Plan recommends
that historical sites and resources of the Cape Fear River be strengthened and linked to
create a stronger regional identity that will assist in attracting tourism and investment and in
developing local pride of place. Key concepts for communicating the history and culture of
the corridor include:
Developing and preserving historic urban waterfronts -- Wilmington and Southport
are both riverfront communities which have important designated historic districts
containing nationally recognized historic resources. Any development within these
areas should respect the historic character of these districts and should maintain
linkages, both physical and visual, between these communities and the river.
Applicable to both of these communities, recent North Carolina State legislation (House
Bill 1059) has amended the Coastal Area Management Act to allow non -water
dependent uses on public trust areas within lands which meet several criteria, including
historic designation, central business district zoning, waterfront location, local
jurisdictional support, lack of adverse environmental impact, and consistency with the
local urban waterfront development plan. This Plan recommends that such
developments which place non -water dependent uses over public trust lands also be
subject to several additional criteria, including: (1) provision of wide views of the river
at intervals along the public trust frontage by maintaining periodic breaks in the building
lines of waterfront development, so as not to create a "wall" of buildings along the
water; (2) provision of public access by preserving continuous public access along the
river frontage and maintaining a significant proportion of the area of the public trust
property accessible to the public; (3) respect for traditional and historic waterfront scale
of development by restricting any buildings over public trust lands to a maximum of 35
feet in height above the historic land level, and (4) respect for the historic development
pattern by restricting the improved site area of such development to that area which can
be demonstrated to have been formerly either filled to a bulkhead line or historically
built upon or over.

Page 33
Create a regional historic interpretive trail system -- A trail system linking various
historic sites could be developed in conjunction along both the New Hanover County
and Brunswick County sides of the River which interprets the historic resources
associated with the river, included, but not limited, to the early colonial settlement of
the region, the Confederate coastal defense system, the events and venues associated
with the Confederate retreat and ultimate surrender in the closing engagements of the
War Between the States, and the significant underwater archeological resources which
exist throughout the study area, but are particularly concentrated in the vicinity of
Wilmington.
• Improve access to historic settlements along the river-- Fort Fisher, Brunswick
Town, Orton Plantation, and Old Town are just a few of the key historical sites that
could be further developed and made more accessible, to be potentially linked by an
auto -oriented tour route and by possible ferry connection, subject to safety
considerations associated with the MOTSU protection zone.
Civil War historical reenactment at
Fort Fisher.
Seek designation of the Cape Fear River as an American Heritage River -- a
federal initiative has been announced to designate at least ten (10) rivers as American
Heritage Rivers. It is anticipated that a solicitation for nominations would be
announced sometime towards the end of 1997. Although the particulars of such a
program are not yet fully developed, gaining such designation would raise the historic
prominence of the river significantly and might facilitate creative partnerships among
federal and state agencies that could result in additional resource commitments to the
region. The Cape Fear River Corridor should be an ideal candidate for such designation
because of its significant history, the extent of river -related historic and cultural
resources, and the level of regional and state cooperation evidenced by this planning
effort. The cooperating counties and municipalities should apply for designation as
soon as the solicitation is received.
3.7 Coordinate Regional Activities
The Cape Fear River Corridor Plan is a regional effort. The geographic area that will be
impacted by the Plan and its recommendations encompasses multiple county and municipal

Page 34
jurisdictions. Fundamental recommendations, such as the creation of upland buffers as part
of riverfront conservation efforts, will be carried out within both New Brunswick and
Hanover Counties, as well as parts of Wilmington, Belville, Navassa and Southport. With
such a broad area of impact, cooperative relationships among all jurisdictions will be needed
if continuous and effective conservation efforts are to occur. As just one example, the
development of the Brunswick River as a recreational resource will require cooperation
among multiple parties that include Brunswick County, the North Carolina Department of
Transportation, Belville and Navassa.
The Plan itself is a framework for regional actions and efforts. Singularly, each
recommendation and project will have an intended effect if carried out to full
implementation. However, in concert with one another, all aspects of the plan will have a
significantly greater effect on improving the river corridor when acted upon cooperatively
by all parties. The Plan should be seen as a systematic effort to improve the economic and
natural environment of the river corridor. The recommendations of the overall Plan are
directed at large geographic areas and can only be achieved if all or most of the parties
contributing to common problems can be coordinated in such a way as to jointly reduce the
problem.
Due to the fact that numerous stake -holders are involved, regional coordination efforts
should be continued in several important ways, including:
• Creation of mechanisms to insure regional compliance with the recommendations
of the Plan -- to insure that the various jurisdictions which have participated in the
Plan act in concert, each should adopt the provisions of the Plan's recommendations
within its land use and other plans, and institutionalize a process for review of future
development proposals by all other cooperating jurisdictions. -
• Continuation of coordinated project development efforts — the Project Oversight
Committee that has guided the development of the Plan should meet regularly, on
schedules to be determined, to insure that the plan is implemented and to follow-up on
specific projects which have been identified in the Plan which will require inter -agency
and multi jurisdictional cooperation.
• Pursue new regional initiatives -- including the American Heritage Rivers designation
(mentioned above), advocacy for upstream river protection measures, coordinated
infrastructure and public works development, and other types of cooperation which
cannot now be anticipated.

Page 35
4. Project Development and Coordination
This section describes the intent of the Plan's recommendations for specific geographic
segments of the river corridor. Section 4.1 deals with the western side of the Cape Fear
River and Brunswick Rivers, including the lands within Brunswick County, while Section
4.2 refers to the eastern side of the Cape Fear River, within New Hanover County. The
narrative is divided into geographic sub -areas which are delineated in Figure 2 and are
further described in Appendix B. Within each area description, an overview of the
characteristics of the area is provided, as well as a description of the Plan's
recommendations for that area and their relationship to the overall strategy of the Plan.
Each sub -area is defined by a letter that keys that action to the chart in Appendix B which
outlines each geographic site and the recommendations for that site.
4.1 Western Side of Cape Fear and Brunswick Rivers
A. Northern Industrial Area
The industrial area of the study corridor north of Navassa has a number of developed
industrial sites and is well serviced by existing and planned utilities. The ­present
concentration of industry in this area makes it an attractive location for continued industrial
development, and with the proposed Route 17 Bypass now planned to be built just north of
Navassa, the area will be even more accessible and desirable for additional industrial use.
The Plan recommends that an additional interchange be constructed at the intersection of the
new bypass and SR1430, providing needed access for existing and new industries. The
proposed intersection is indicated in Figure 2 and is outlined in more detail in Section A-1
of Appendix B. Consistent with the general principles of the Plan, an upland buffer is
recommended between the substantial wetlands in this area and future development to
ensure protection of water quality and the river environment.
B. Brunswick River Frontage
This area, from Navassa to Belville, is substantially developed, predominantly for
residential and related support uses, served by municipal sewer and water systems. Its
character is strongly defined, although there is a long term potential for redevelopment at
Belville at the former bridge landing location. It is recommended that this area continue to
be developed for residential and supportive community services, both public and private.
The major opportunity identified by the Plan is for more intensive use of the Brunswick
River for boating and supportive water dependent associated uses. The area is attractive,
facing the undeveloped shore of Eagle Island, and its close proximity to Wilmington and
other population center areas makes the Brunswick River an excellent area for small boat
uses, including fishing boats, sailing, and rowing. These activities are particularly attractive
in the Brunswick River because it is removed from and does not pose a conflict with large
shipping and cargo vessels which require use of the navigable deep water channel in the
Cape Fear River. Improvements needed for recreational boating use would include, but not
necessarily be limited to:
• Clearing debris from the river channel and dredge the mouth of the Belville boat ramp,
which should be converted into a region -serving facility; perhaps through transfer to
County management. Dredging or channel clearance in this area has been controversial,

Page 36
since it is associated with areas designated as primary nursery areas by CAMA staff,
although in the context of a larger regional purpose such actions might be supportable.
• Raising the bridge over the Brunswick River and approaches on U.S. Highway 17/74/76
should be considered when that facility is scheduled for heavy maintenance, in order to
provide clearance for small boat traffic at high tide, opening up areas to the north.
• Development, by private or public entities, of a major new recreational boating center
on a riverfront site south of Highway 17/74/76 for a community sailing program,
recreational rowing, kayaking, motor boating, water skiing, and other active water
sports. The most desirable site for such uses is probably at and directly south of the
Belville boat ramp, where it could be consolidated with this existing facility.
• Exploration of potential joint use or conversion to more publicly accessible use of the
NCDOT facility at the northerly end of this area. There is a series of docks at this
location that might be possible to more intensively use.
RY^ 3r --art.f
•
;.��:s�,.
NCDOT docks near Belville.
These improvements would significantly increase recreational uses of the Brunswick River
and would contribute to the Plan's overall strategy of expanding usage of the natural
environments within the river corridor. Figure 2 and Section B of Appendix B illustrate
the location of these improvements and the recommended actions that should be taken.
C. Western Shore of River between Belville and Sunny Point Military Ocean
Terminal
The riverfront area from below Belville (from the Nursing Home) to historic Orton
Plantation, in Brunswick County, consists of extended tracts of relatively undeveloped land
that include extensive wetlands adjacent to the bank of the river. The land is divided among
only a handful of property owners, some of whom have expressed strong interest in
preserving the predominantly open character of this riverfront property. The property
extends beyond the reach of municipal sewer systems and, due to difficult soil
characteristics in Brunswick County, might require installation of package sewer treatment
plants to accommodate development of any scale. Because of these characteristics, the
cooperation of individual private owners to create conservation reserves, through covenants,
easements, or other mechanisms, should be strongly encouraged. The size and extent of
such conservation lands would be subject to the owners' preferences, and could, in some

Page 37
cases, extend back to Route 133, although these suggestions would not preclude
development set back from the river served by Route 133 (See Figure 2 and Section C-3 of
Appendix B). Whether or not such conservation reserves are achieved, there are significant
river edge wetlands along this reach of the river, and the area -wide recommendations for
upland buffers would apply to this area.
The voluntary nature of this proposal requires considerable cooperation in implementation,
potentially involving negotiations among the private owners, with the possible involvement
of state and/or regional conservation interests, and Brunswick County. It may also be
possible to pursue additional strategies such as property tax incentives, easements which
create tax shelters, public purchase of riparian areas and other mechanisms.
Within Area C, another set of initiatives is proposed which, although not immediately
within the 1,000' limit from the river, could have significant positive impact on both the
river and development in Brunswick County. New development, particularly in the southern
part of New Hanover County and associated with the North Carolina Port facility, will
eventually create demand for a new high bridge over the river south of Wilmington. Prior
studies and transportation plans have proposed a new southerly river crossing near the Port
of Wilmington with an eastern terminus at Titanium Road and with a northerly connection
along the east side of Eagle Island. Such a bridge and connection to Route 421 would offer
additional access to the port and the southern part of New Hanover County (see Figure 6
and Section C-1 of Appendix B).
An alternative to this previous plan is proposed for consideration where the new crossing
would pass across the southern tip of Eagle Island into Brunswick County, connecting to a
new westerly connection to Route 17 and the proposed Route 17 Bypass near Sunny Point
Railroad at State Road 1438. This bridge alignment would not only increase service to the
Port from the west, but also would be an integral part of a development strategy for this
segment of Brunswick County. The bridge would form a southerly portion of a regional
loop extending up to the Route 17 Bypass and would create development opportunities for
land in Brunswick County, allowing potential development well removed from the river,
which would be entirely consistent with the conservation reserve approach defined above.
Such potential new sites might take advantage of ready highway access to the Port via the
new bridge, and would benefit from relative proximity to sewer and water services which
could be extended from the north (See Figure 2 and Section C-2 of Appendix B).
Additionally, this development strategy would orient commercial and industrial traffic away
from Route 133, which has the potential to serve as an interpretive corridor for regional
history (as noted in Section 3, above) and to be treated as a scenic byway.
In order to undertake this modified river crossing, significant coordination and cooperation
from a number of jurisdictions would be required:
• North Carolina Department of Transportation -- responsible for traffic demand, location,
and design studies to establish the need for the facility and its route. The high bridge is
on the regional highway map, but is not identified as an immediate priority. An
alignment change as suggested would require regional demand analysis and detailed
studies.
• City of Wilmington and the Port Authority -- will both be affected by alignment and
linkage changes, which would affect local traffic and, for the bridge construction, would
imply particular construction effects and impacts.

Page 38
• Brunswick and New Hanover Counties --would both be affected by the overall
alignment and service implications of the bridge regarding both traffic and consequent
development, and would ideally reach consensus on a preferred approach which would
serve regional as well as individual county interests.
A Military Ocean Terminal, Sunny Point (MOTSU)
While it is envisioned that the military use and management of this installation will continue
throughout the planning period, opportunities may exist to achieve cooperative use of
MOTSU resources, as mentioned in Section 3, if such actions can be achieved while
adhering to safety concerns regarding military ammunition operations. Subject to these
concerns, an opportunity for economic development in Brunswick County could be realized
through joint civilian use of the northerly pier at Sunny Point which is currently not in use
and requires dredge maintenance. If civilian industry access to this pier could be achieved,
despite stringent military restrictions, a stronger argument could be made for more regular
dredge maintenance operations to accommodate deeper draft vessels. Access to this pier
could be provided via the northern gate to the base which could be readily separated from
primary military use areas and could also take advantage of pier -side rail service. Related to
this initiative, it is also suggested that release of a portion of the MOTSU land to expand the
Brunswick Town State Historic Site be explored.
The U.S. Army already provides rail service to Archer Daniels Midland and Carolina Power
and Light via the same line which serves the northerly pier. Access from the northern pier
could be provided to the north through creation of a new development road which would
skirt the easterly edge of Orton Pond and extend to the northwest, joining the extension
created for the new bridge crossing (See Figure 2 and Section D of Appendix B). Such a
development road might parallel the main rail line from Sunny Point to the north which
would make available industrial sites with proximate rail, pier, and vehicular access,
although sewer and water would have to be extended from the north. This development
road would link to the new southerly river crossing referred to in the previous section and
would form part of a regional loop connecting to the Route 17 Bypass.
These and related initiatives would clearly require significant cooperation and coordination
among multiple agencies. The exact level of access and activity is beyond the scope of this
report.. However, several of the concerned agencies that would need to work in coordination
include:
• U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Army -- base management has indicated their lack
of support for any of these actions at this time. However, it is believed that the
approaches outlined herein may be worthwhile in the long run and should be retained in
the Plan and advocated by local government, particularly since military operations and
base requirements have been known to change over time, and should be reconsidered
periodically. Moreover, the cooperative efforts to provide rail services to the industries
to the south indicate that joint military civilian use can be feasible for private industry,
even with uncertainties and restrictions.
• Brunswick County Government -- could support necessary utility extensions and roadway
construction to make the development corridor concept work.

Page 39
NC Department of Transportation -- would have to play a role in funding and
construction of major routes, particularly if these are fully integrated into the regional
roadway network.
• Civilian Industry -- would need to work out cooperative service arrangements with
military operations for rail and pier access; although the development corridor concept
might also support industries that do not require rail access, as well.
E. Industrial Area South of Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal
The Archer Daniels Midland Corp. and Carolina Power and Light both operate significant
industrial facilities in this area. Existing infrastructure in terms of road, water and power
are present in this area and may make continued industrial development or expansion
attractive. The Plan proposes that new industrial development be permitted, as currently
zoned, on sites to the south of MOTSU (See Figure 2 and Section E of Appendix B).
Industrial development of this area will support the land use strategy of the Plan that seeks
to capitalize on existing infrastructure and reinforce already developed areas. If industrial
development or expansion occurs, the upland buffer provisions outlined in Section 3
between wetlands and developed areas would apply. The buffers will assist in maintaining
water quality and the aesthetics of this stretch of the river.
Archer -Daniels Midland site.
ADM
SOUTH►ORT ►LIM7
F. Southport and its Northern Fringe
The City of Southport is the southernmost urban area within the study corridor, on the
Brunswick County side. Between the Southport limit and Area E, a proposed residential
development and marina is planned that would be consistent with the recommendations of
this Plan, as it extends urban activities which are already present in Southport, also
providing a proposed relocated ferry landing for service to Bald Head Island. Within the
historic core of Southport, which would qualify as an historic downtown area under recent
North Carolina legislation referred to in Section 3, some flexibility would be recommended
regarding potential developments over public trust lands, subject to guidelines which were
presented in Section 3. Within Southport, continued infill residential and supporting

Page 40
commercial development would be anticipated, consistent with the character of historic
settings.
The land areas north of Southport, along with many other parts of the river corridor, contain
sites of considerable historic significance. In particular, the plan proposes interpretation, on
both sides of the river, of sites and resources related to the "Confederate Retreat" and last
battle of the Confederacy. Interpretive mechanisms at Fort Pender, Fort Anderson, Town
Creek and Fort Caswell will assist in exposing visitors and locals to this important history.
Specific proposals for interpretive mechanisms include wayside exhibits at pulloffs, low
power AM radio informative messages and on -site interpretation should be used to
communicate river corridor culture and history.
Riverfront park in
Southport
4.2 Eastern Side of Cape Fear River
G. Downtown Wilmington
The provisions of this Plan for downtown Wilmington have been developed in parallel with
the Wilmington Downtown Plan: Vision 2020, which was prepared concurrently in a parallel
work process to this Plan, by the same consultants, and with substantial overlap of client and
public involvement. Accordingly, for a full exposition of recommendations, the reader
should refer to the Wilmington Downtown Plan: Vision 2020, which deals with
recommendations within the City of Wilmington and includes the western shore of the Cape
Fear River across from Wilmington. A highlight of recommendations of the Downtown
Plan which pertain to the River Corridor Plan is offered below:
• the Wilmington River Walk is proposed to be extended, over the long term, between
the Holmes and Memorial Bridges. Where possible, this should be accomplished in
conjunction and in partnership with private development. Open spaces accessible to the
public which adjoin the river should be provided at key locations, in conjunction with
private development in the following locations:
along Water Street from the Hilton hotel building to the Visitor Information Center,
transforming the current parking lots into improved pedestrian plazas, while
incorporating necessary service access and loading areas for the Hilton and the Coast
Guard. This park should incorporate a portion of the land currently used for the Water
Street parking deck, when that facility is demolished.

Page 41
at the foot of streets leading to the river, where feasible, including simple pocket parks
as well as major open spaces in future redevelopment areas.
south of Orange Street, it is recommended that River Walk be constructed slightly off-
shore, where it crosses private residential properties, to remove traffic from immediately .
abutting lands.
where feasible, floating docks should be provided along River Walk for transient boat
tie-up.
the North portion of downtown's waterfront, beyond Red Cross Street, is proposed for
major mixed use redevelopment. This will involve eventual relocation of Almont
Shipping Company's operations, potentially in coordination with expansion of the North
Carolina State Port Authority's proposed expansion (as referred to in Section 3). This
development would include major hotel and convention center expansion north of the
Coast Line complex, the Almont redevelopment, and river -oriented residential with a
marina on the Dean Hardwood site.
• Entrances to the city at Memorial Bridge and along the proposed Smith Creek Parkway
at Holmes Bridge should be landscaped and beautified.
A new Inter -modal Transportation Terminal is proposed to be developed at Red
Cross and Front Street, potentially connecting to a potential cruise ship dockage at the
existing pier in front of the Chamber of Commerce property. This terminal should
combine parking and access by many modes (car, inter -city rail, bus, bike, downtown
shuttle, and pedestrian). Any rail service should terminate at the terminal and should
not be extended parallel to the waterfront, as that would cut off the city and its uses
from the river.
In addition to these provisions, the Plan recommends a series of guidelines for development,
intended to apply to new retail, office, and other development on available infill lots as well
as to the continued rehabilitation, restoration and adaptive reuse of historic structures.
Finally, the provisions defined in Section 3 regarding proposed developments over public
trust lands within the historic downtown would apply.
H. Eastern Shore of Cape Fear River
South of Wilmington, below the Memorial Bridge and up to Barnards Creek on the eastern
shore of the Cape Fear River, the river is predominantly industrial in character, including
many water -dependent uses which benefit from river access and the proximity of the
shipping channel to shore. The largest of these uses is the North Carolina State Port
Authority, which proposed an expansion to the north. The Port anchors a stretch of
industrial use facilities that extend north into the fringes of Wilmington and south until
tapering off into residential and undeveloped tracts. The Plan recommends that this area
remain predominantly in industrial use, excepting a parcel immediately to the south of
Memorial Bridge which has potential for mixed use or other development associated with
downtown Wilmington. The Plan views the Port as the primary strategic action area of this
section of the river corridor.

Page 42
Expansion of the State Port is an important component in the River Corridor Plan. By
increasing the Port's containerized shipping capacity and ability to handle dry bulk cargo,
the Port would strengthen its position as a major component of the region's economic
infrastructure. The Port already serves an important function as a conduit for goods in and
out of the Cape Fear region. With the sustained economic growth forecast for the
geographic area within and adjacent to the river corridor over the next several decades,
expanding the Port today will allow it to better serve the surrounding industrial and
commercial needs well into the future (See Figure 2 and Section H of Appendix B).
f
Almont Shipping site.
Expansion of the State Port to the north should give serious consideration to developing a
public/private partnership for operation of dry bulk facilities on parcels to the north of the
current boundary. This would dovetail with proposals made in the Wilmington Downtown
Plan: Vision 2020, to relocate Almont Shipping from the north end of downtown.
Concentrated shipping operations would benefit from deep water channel access,
elimination of the need to pass under the Memorial lift span bridge, and potential economies
of scale. Improved local vehicular access to relieve adjacent neighborhood traffic should be
provided by transportation improvements that include widening Burnett Boulevard and
improving the intersection at Front Street, Burnett Boulevard, and Carolina Beach Road.
These transportation improvements will help to alleviate potential conflicts with
surrounding residential areas in regard to Port expansion.
An important byproduct of the Port's expansion is likely to include the incremental
intensification of the industrial waterfront to the north and south of the Port. Expansion of
the Port's handling capacity will increase development pressures on adjacent properties as
port related industries seek to locate in close proximity. Anticipating this development and
managing it effectively should be a major focus of Port expansion activities.
A variety of agencies and jurisdictions will be involved in Port expansion activities. These
entities will have to work in close coordination with one another and seek cooperative
relationships in order to carry out this aspect of the Plan, including the North Carolina Port
Authority, the City of Wilmington, North Carolina State Government, Almont Shipping (if
relocation is achievable), private developers, and New Hanover County. The river corridor
plan assumes that the State Port should be expanded regardless of whether Almont
relocates. Cooperation in facilitating a potential Almont move would greatly facilitate the
achievement of the long term goals for both the Corridor Plan and the Vision 2020
Downtown effort.

Page 43
I. Riverfront Opposite Downtown Wilmington
Across the river from downtown Wilmington, consistent with the Wilmington Downtown
Plan: Vision 2020, the policy for the lands on the west bank of the Cape Fear River
proposes that priority be placed on retaining a "greed' visual landscape which can serve as a
contrast to urban Wilmington. The implications of this policy are that water and sewer
services should not be extended across the river to serve new development proposals, that
efforts should be undertaken to achieve either public acquisition of waterfront parcels, or
their donation in fee or in easement, and that underwater archeological resources along the
western shore of the Cape Fear would be linked to the U.S.S. North Carolina to enhance the
interpretive experience at this site. In the event that acquisition or donation is not feasible in
the future, any development should retain, to the maximum extent feasible, an undeveloped
and vegetated edge to preserve views from Wilmington.
Sunken dredge opposite
downtown.
J. Eagle Island
Incremental reclamation of a portion of Eagle Island for public recreational uses should be
undertaken linked to park and open space use of the west side of the Cape Fear River
opposite Wilmington. This approach will require significant technical analysis and
coordination with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to insure that capacity is retained for
disposal, storage, and recycling of dredge materials, inasmuch as Eagle Island is the only
site which is available within the Cape Fear region for this purpose. -The Plan proposes that
this could be accomplished by managing the dredge filling operation in a systematic manner,
retaining most of the interior area for continued disposal until the capacity of the Island is
reached, but also filling and reclaiming a small portion of the island for permanent
recreational activities. This area is well -located to serve recreational needs in the larger
region and could be developed to include significant recreational uses, such as ball fields
and sports venue.
K. Eastern Shore along River Road
The riverfront in New Hanover County between Bamards and Mott Creeks is currently
undeveloped and industrially zoned. This area is in single ownership and has -a number of
factors which argue against industrial uses, including its distance from the shipping channel
and the strong residential growth which is occurring to the east and south. Sewer and water
are readily available and, given recent development trends, future residential and mixed use

Page 44
development is highly likely and should be encouraged, in cooperation with a sound
approach to the riverfront which is in compliance with the Plan.
In this area it is suggested that, in addition to upland buffers to wetlands ranging from 50-
100 feet, a strategy be explored which might reserve some significant riverfront land as a
park and open space with public access to serve the growing population of New Hanover
County. Creation of a major public park of approximately 50 acres in the vicinity of
Barnards Creek would address a regional shortfall in recreational space and would insure
that future development of the river would reserve at least one large parcel for exclusive
public use and access. Additionally, along this major stretch of riverfront where River Road
is located close to the river wetland edge, it is proposed that, subject to the interest and .
response of the owners, a public/private cooperative effort be investigated to rebuild River
Road to the east, thereby making additional unencumbered land accessible along the river
which might accomplish both more successful development and increased public access to
the river.
L. River Road South of Mott Creek and North of Snow's Cut
In this area, residential infill and gated developments predominate and have already formed
a pattern of development that is not likely to change. Continued development of residential
uses is recommended, in compliance with upland buffer provisions defined above.
M. Eastern Shore Opposite Sunny Point
The majority of this area is owned by the military, as a protection zone for operations at the
Military Ocean Terminal at Sunny Point (MOTSU). This area includes several areas where
civilian uses occur, including Carolina Beach State Park, the North Carolina Aquarium, and
Fort Fisher Historic Site and Visitor Center. Investigation should be made of the potential
to increase recreational and interpretive uses within this vicinity, consistent with any
operational restrictions which may be attached to existing or future MOTSU operations.
Areas with the potential for enhancement include:
• Fort Fisher Visitor Center.
• Carolina Beach State Park, where adjacent property now under MOTSU ownership
comprises part of the Sugar Loaf historic site.
• Potential excursion boat service from Carolina Beach State Park to Brunswick Town
State Historic Site, Fort Anderson, and Orton Plantation, subject to hazard restrictions at
MOTSU.
• Interpretation of the "Confederate Retreat" (see Section 3) on both sides of the river,
beginning at Fort Fisher and continuing at sites along eastern shore including Sugar
Loaf (battle site in restricted area at Carolina Beach State Park), Forks Road, Mt. Tirza
(river. at Eagle Island), Wilmington and Smith's Creek
N. Eastern Shore South of Fort Fisher and North of Bald Head Island
This area is principally wetlands which should be kept in a natural state and are not likely to
be developed or used, except as open space.

Page 45
O. Bald Head Island
This area is part of a planned development in progress which is assumed to continue, subject
to normal CAMA and other approval processes.

Page 47
5. Implementation
The Master Plan for the Cape Fear River Corridor covers a geographic area that includes
numerous local governmental jurisdictions. To successfully implement the
recommendations contained in the Plan will require a great deal of cooperation and
interaction between these units of government -- perhaps to a degree without local
precedent. It will be necessary for them to recognize that the river corridor functions as a
system and actions or activities within one part of the corridor affects the balance of the
corridor on both sides of the river. This section outlines a series of specific actions to
institutionalize these cooperative arrangements, continuing the successful effort
accomplished during this planning process.
5.1 Corridor Management
Zoning and Environmental Management
The Plan proposes enactment of a River Overlay Zone to be incorporated within each
jurisdiction's zoning ordinance. The zone boundary is shown in Figure 3 and would be a
distance of 1,000' from the edge of the river or 100' upland of jurisdictional river -related
wetlands, whichever is greater. The overlay is intended to incorporate the proposed upland
buffer described in detail in Section 3, above. The upland buffer would be 50 feet from
wetlands for residential and recreational uses, and 100 feet for industrial, commercial and
other non-residential uses, and is intended to protect sensitive lands, to provide a
supplementary filter to enhance water quality, and to retain natural qualities of the river.
For properties of which any part is within the River Overlay Zone, actions submitted for
local permit approvals would be assessed for compliance with this Plan by the appropriate
local jurisdictional bodies.
Additionally, it is recommended that future land use plans in each jurisdiction be amended
to incorporate the recommendations of this Master Plan. —Likewise, -the -zoning -maps -should
be reviewed to ensure consistency with the plan and the appropriate map amendments
undertaken. These amendments could be undertaken at one time by all juristictions or
handled on a "case by case" basis as map amendments are requested by developers.
The Plan advocates encouraging new development to occur within and adjacent to existing
urbanized areas. In particular, it is proposed that state and local regulations governing storm
water management be modified within the central businesses district, particularly the central
downtown historic districts of Wilmington and Southport, to favor development in these
areas over suburban sprawl. It is suggested that storm water runoff detention not be
required where a redevelopment project (1) is within a central business district or historic
downtown area, (2) is served by storm drainage systems to carry away runoff, and (3) results
in no increase in the total impervious surface area of the site. If redevelopment should result
in an increase in impervious services, storm water detention systems would be required to
detain only the difference between the rates of runoff after and immediately before
development, or, as an alternative, a'monetary contribution towards regional storm water
management could be made.

Page 48
Administrative Process of Adoption and Review
The Plan recommends that Brunswick and New Hanover Counties as well as the
municipalities of Wilmington, Belville, Leland, Navassa, Bald Head Island and Southport
adopt this plan as an amendment to their comprehensive plans, adjusting land uses and
related zoning requirements accordingly. The proposed River Overlay Zone should be
added to each jurisdiction's zoning ordinance. Concurrently, these jurisdictions (the
cooperators) would execute an intergovernmental agreement that would bind each
cooperator to a consultative process regarding actions which might affect implementation of
this Plan.
This intergovernmental agreement should ideally be presented for approval to each
government within the corridor concurrently with the request for adoption of the Plan.
Major points to be included in the agreement are:
• Recognize that the Cape Fear River is a regional resource shared by all parties that
actions within the corridor have a regional and not just local impact.
• Acknowledge the success of the multi juristictional Project Oversight Committee which
supervised the preparation of the River Corridor Master Plan, and the desire to continue
the dialogue and coordination process among the involved governments.
• Establish a revamped Project Oversight Committee with the responsibility for overall
coordination of the regional plan, with the membership outlined below.
• State that each party of the agreement shall use their "best efforts" to implement the
recommendations as outlined in the Cape Fear River Corridor Plan.
• Establish a River Overlay Zone along both sides of the Cape Fear River as proposed by
the Plan.
• Establish a process for review of public and private actions requiring local permit
approval relating to rezoning, site plans, subdivision approvals, building permits, etc.,
for projects within the Overlay Zone for consistency with the Plan. If the project or
actions is deemed consistent, then the local government would approve the project. If
there is any question of consistency, the appropriate Planning Department would
voluntarily solicit interpretation and comment from the other participating governments.
The review and comment process would not usurp the ability of the affected local
government to make the final decision on the action. If a project is deemed to be
inconsistent with the Plan, but is a desirable project, then the proposed action would be
submitted to the other governmental partners for approval as a modification to the Plan.
• Establish a mechanism for amending the Plan.
No additional staff or new agencies would be required under this approach, but each
affected jurisdiction where the project or activity is located would be assured of receiving
the benefit of the review and comments from all -of the other jurisdictions within the
corridor prior to taking any final action on the proposal. The review process will provide
information to local governments that may otherwise not have been normally received, and
each local government would be in a better position to make a more informed decision
regarding activities that may affect the river resource. Local government autonomy is
preserved in that each local government considering an action maintains the authority to
make the final decision on whether and how a proposed activity will go forward.

Approximate
River Overlay
Boundary:
The greater of
1,000 feet fron
River Bank or
100 feet from
Juridictional
wetlands
Historic Urbar
Waterfront
.w
\,\
aeld Hasa Ia4M
Figure 3:
Proposed
River Overlay
Boundary
'The iraparstlon of this map
was financed I , part through a grant provloed by the
North Caroline Coastal Man as
ament Program, through
Whoa provided by the coastal Zc ne Management
Act of 1972, as amentlstl, which Is administered by
the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.'
Wetlands
Historic Urban (Source: US Fish and Wildlife Service)
Waterfront
Historic Urban Waterfront
/V River Overlay Zone
Approximate River
Overlay Boundary
p 20,000raa.
Cape Fear
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901-1631
[phone]
Cranston, Robertson
$ Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

Page 52
• new transportation facilities or improvements to existing facilities
• new park lands, open spaces and expansion to existing publicly -owned recreational sites
• improvements to boating access facilities and related land support
• interpretive exhibits and scenic byway improvements associated with the historic and
cultural resources of the river corridor.
• expansion of the State Port
• new or expanded water and/or sewer system improvements
Table 1: Summary of Public Costs by Category and Sub -Area ($ ,000)
Sub-
Area
Hwy.
Improv'ts
Recreation/
Open Space
Boating
Facilities
Heritage/ Port
Tourism Development
Water and
Sewer
Total
A Northern Industrial
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$10,000
$10,000
Area
B Brunswick River
$4,200
$180
$1,140
$0
$0
$0
$5,520
Frontage
C Western Shore
$248,400
$0
$0
$54
$0
$3,600
$252,054
Belville to MOTSU
D Military Ocean
$0
$0
$0
$240
$0
$0
$240
Terminal(MOTSU)
F Southport and its
$0
$0
$0
$30
$0
$0
$30
Northern Fringe
H Eastern Shore of
$1,440
$0
$0
$30
$11,052
$0
$12,522
Cape Fear River
J Eagle Island
$0
$6,828
$0
$36
$0
$0
$6,864
g Eastern Shore
$9,000
$1,800
$200
$0
$0
$0
$11,000
River Road
M Eastern Shore
$0
$120
$0
$36
$0
$0
$156
Opposite MOTSU
Total
$263,040
$8,928
$1,340
$426
$11,052
$13,600
$298,386

Page 51
Continuation of Project Oversight Committee
As defined in Section 3, above, the Plan recommends that the intergovernmental Project
Oversight Committee (POC) which has been active during the planning process be
continued. The membership of the Committee will need to be modified both in agency
representation and number of members to reflect its changing role, and also to achieve more
of a balance between the two counties. It is recommended that the membership for the
Committee be twenty people with representation as follows:
• Wilmington will have five members consisting of two elected officials, one planning
representative and two at -large representatives.
• New Hanover County will have five members consisting of two elected officials, one
planning representative and two at -large representatives.
• Brunswick County will have eight members consisting of two county elected officials,
one city elected official, one planning representative and four at -large representatives.
• North Carolina Division of Coastal Management will have one member.
• Pender County will have one member.
An effort should be made to obtain wide representation for the at -large seats from special
interest groups such as environmental, economic development, cities, historic, cultural,
tourism and shipping.
The POC should meet regularly to achieve several purposes:
• to monitor the process of adoption of the Plan by the cooperating jurisdictions.
• to establish further cooperative efforts which could further implementation of the Plan.
• to "track" project proposals into implementation, encouraging intergovernmental
cooperation among state and federal agencies, as well as regional entities.
• to discuss, review, and resolve intergovernmental conflicts and/or disagreements
regarding any aspects of implementation, either public or private.
• to continue development of innovative mechanisms to achieve the goals of the Plan.
Cooperative Relationships
The projects and initiatives which have been proposed in the Plan will require significant
cooperation among public and private entities to move ahead into implementation. These
cooperative relationships have been highlighted in Section 4 and are illustrated in Figure 4.
5.2 Costs and Phasing
Capital Improvements
Appendix B indicates the public and private actions within each sub -area defined in the
Plan. It should be noted that the scope and magnitude of private developments are
illustrative only, to portray the magnitude of likely investment and development within the
time horizon of the Plan. The costs of public actions proposed in the Plan are summarized in
Table 1 and include the following types of actions:

Figure 4:
' Paid aty
Key Cooperative
-' Relationships
Action Areas and the
Relevant parties that must
establish Cooperative
Relationships for
action to occur.
Potential Eagle �/� ew ov
Island Reclamation jai qhs Prp tatbn or this map
Mrs Bona! In pal thmgh a tirap proMW by the
U S Army Corps Of North cao'b" CoastalsAn.9.—I Prowark thro.9h
f0W0 p—Wed by the Co." Tor U mgmalt
Act .119M u ear" witch u Wmin4laW by
Engineers �'-' r 1 UN, ate. anw.n MCI Coastal ltaou" waeanw.
- N.C. State Port \ %� c`e-kin°Atmospheric Aemntw.ae_
Authority r `'� New Ynnto
- New Hanover County t
- Brunswick County Wilmington Urban
Waterfront and Downtown
- — Redevelopment
Brunswick River , e •
Recreational Boating - City of Wilmington
�r - New Hanover County
- Brunswick County ; - DARE, Inc.
- NC Coastal ' - - NC Coastal Management
Management Division
- US Coast Guard
- NC DOT i - US Army Corps of
- Town of Belvilie (� ' Engineers
US Army Corps of ) - Cape Fear Community
Engineers/ College
Private boating �' E - Private Interests
interests t
Q.� 1 NC State Port Expansion
New River Crossing'_
- NC Port Authority and State
Government
- NC DOT , - Private Industry
New Hanover County t unax� county i I - City of Wilmington
- Brunswick County , Now Hanover County
- City of Wilmington - I
l River Road Relocation
F / I Development and Park
Brunswick Town Histori
Site Facility Expansion Private Owners
New Hanover County
- State of N.C. ' T B Iva
'
- US Army and DOD
'a Cape Fear
Sunny Point .;., Kuteaasoh River Corridor
Cooperative Use
US Army and DOD Plan I f
Private Industry - Brunswick County Brunswick County
a M...
- State of NC f _ 1 New Hanover County
!,- City of Wilmington
Carolina Beach State
Park Expansion /_ G CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
i COLLABORATIVE
- State of North Carolina A Joint Venture
- New Hanover County s•wB 452 Ellis street
US Arm and DOD `r ' Augusta, Georgia30901.1631
- Private interests [phone]
� c
ti.
"""b"°h , Cranston, Robertson
Cultural and Historic 1 & Whit•hurat, P.C.
Resource Development Augusta, Georgia
(Multiple Sites) 24
- State of NC ICON architecture, Inc.
- Brunswick County Boston Massachusetts
- New Hanover County sets Need Where rw Planning, Research and
- Private groups and 0 20,000
interests Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

Page 55
Additionally, several of the Plan's recommendations are likely to require significant
advance planning and feasibility studies to determine their feasibility and practicality,
including:
• Configuration of the high river bridge between the Port and Brunswick County
and roadway connections between the westerly extension of the bridge and the
Route 17 bypass -- these studies must take account of cost, traffic demand, and effect
on the regional transportation network.
Reclamation of portions of Eagle Island for region -serving recreational facilities --
the island's important regional role as a dredge material repository is critical to the
maintenance of shipping channels for commercial and military vessels. A feasibility
study will be required to determine whether dredge disposal and storage operations can
be altered so as to "free up" a sufficiently large area to support a region -serving
recreational complex. Furthermore, the demand for such a complex and its cost-
effectiveness should also be investigated.
joint use of any Sunny Point facilities -- the recommendations of the Plan regarding
Sunny Point have been objected to by the military, citing safety concerns, despite the
fact the military provides rail service to current industrial users to the south of the base
(Archer -Daniels -Midland and Carolina Power and Light). This arrangement has worked
well despite uncertainties regarding interruptions during periods of national emergency.
It is conceivable that other users in the prospective industrial areas within Brunswick
County could also deal with comparable uncertainty and that such service might
contribute to the readiness of military personnel. These factors, as well as potential
ways to mitigate land -side and river safety hazards due to Sunny Point operations,
should be investigated, and periodically re -assessed.
• Consolidation of shipping operations south of the Memorial Bridge, as part of the
Port expansion program -- consistent with recommendations of the Wilmington
Downtown Plan: Vision 2020, the eventual relocation of Almont Shipping from a
location at the north edge of Wilmington's downtown to the vicinity of the Port requires
substantial study, financial negotiations, and discussion.
Phasing the Plan
The Plan outlines various private and public actions that will be undertaken over a twenty
year plus time horizon. Appendix D reflects the proposed implementation schedule for
each of the elements of the Plan. The implementation schedule is broken into three periods:
zero to five years; five to ten years, and ten years and over. It should be noted that several
major projects will require initial planning and feasibility studies prior to their initiation.
These projects are identified in Section 5.3, Agenda for Action.
5.3 Agenda for Action
Full implementation of the Plan will require many complex actions by the various
governmental jurisdictions within the river corridor. The initial commitments which are
necessary to launch this process include the following:
1. The Plan should be adopted by Brunswick County, New Hanover County and the

Page 56
Cities of Wilmington, Southport, Belville, Navassa, Leland and Bald Head Island.
2. The Project Oversight Committee, established during the planning process, should
be maintained, expanded and given responsibility for facilitating implementation by
the affected governmental jurisdictions.
3. Zoning regulations should be modified by the affected governmental jurisdictions to
create the special riverfront overlay district zone and comply with the recommendations
of this Plan.
4. A multi jurisdictional intergovernmental agreement should be created to provide
for a review and comment process for new projects within the corridor.
5. Designation of the Cape Fear as an American Heritage River under the emerging
federal initiative should be pursued.
6. Feasibility and detailed planning studies should be undertaken to initiate the
recommendations of the Plan and to integrate them with other, ongoing public actions.
Such studies should include the following:
• Providing an additional interchange with the proposed Highway 17 Bypass at
SR 1430.
• Providing a new high bridge and roadway over the Cape Fear River on a
proposed new alignment from Titanium Road to US 17 opposite SR 1438.
• Joint use of the northern pier of MOTSU for industrial purposes.
• Reclamation and use of Eagle Island for recreational purposes.
• Developmental highway from MOTSU to Highway 17.
• Development of Brunswick River recreational complex.
• Establishment of Highway 133 as scenic highway.
• Creating a regional historic trail system linking various historic sites.
7. Active, open contacts should be established with affected landowners to develop
and foster sustained public/private communication and cooperation which will
facilitate implementation of the Plan to everyone's benefit, including private and public
actions to establish conservation reserves, relocate River Road , and establish the new
park at Barnards Creek.
8. Creation of public -private partnership with State Port and Almont Shipping to
expand dry bulk operations of the State Port and enable Almont Shipping to relocate
from their, existing site at the northern end of Wilmington.
9. Negotiations, supported by local, state and congressional officials, should be
initiated with the Department of the Army concerning the joint use of the northern
MOTSU pier and with the Corps of Engineers for the reclamation of Eagle Island for
recreational purposes.

A-1
Appendix A: Inventory Drawings
The attached drawings were part of the project Inventory Report and provide important
background for the recommendations contained in the Report. For all maps, except A-7, the
river corridor is divided into a north section and a south section.
Figure A -la
Existing Land Use (North)
Figure A -lb
Existing Land Use (South)
Figure A-2a
Historic Resources, Parks, and Open Spaces (North)
Figure A-2b
Historic Resources, Parks, and Open Spaces (South)
Figure A-3a
Key Coastal Zone Resources (North)
Figure A-3b
Key Coastal Zone Resources (South)
Figure A-4a
Visual Character (North)
Figure A-4b
Visual Character (South)
Figure A-5a
Utility Services (North)
Figure A-5b
Utility Services (South)
Figure A-6a
Transportation (North)
Figure A-6b
Transportation (South)
Figure A-7
Existing Zoning

-
Beak-
L
Appendix A-1a
Land Use
(North)
'TM Pn.*1- dthist Wa6--d
In Pnt through • 1-� Pr-MW by V.
Ronk Crulhr C- W P.W.M —Mh
fund. p-1d�d b, 0. Coral 7— Wngmww
#e of 1lT4 r —1.kd. ahkh b tl MM t..d b,
ew Ofl-d&—rd CorW R-anpM..g L
X.O. l0-6. rd At-0-k Admkktrr--
,M
Commercial
11111111
Industrial and Related
i•
Miscellaneous/Unknown
f
Mobile Home
ID
Multi Family
®
Office & Institution
®
Recreational
O
Single Family
EM
Utilities
0
Vacant/Agricultural
0 20,006
r«t
Cape Fear
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusts, Georgia 30901.1631
(706y 722-1588
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

Appendix A-2a
Parks, Open Spaces
and Historic Resources
% (North)
f this map was financed in part through
a grant proWed by the North Carolina CO"tal Management
Program, through funds Provided by the
Coastal
Zone
Management Act of 1972. as amended, which is administered
by the Office of Oman and C�tad R� ManagementC National Oceanic and Abnospheric Admirmtration.o
4
Incorporated Area
A
MOTSU
State Land
5
Z'
EM Coastal Reserve
Registered Historic Property
Registered Historic Structure
A
T'
IJ
CAMA Access Site
A Public Park
. . . . . . . . . .
A
Pl—

t �
ij
Carona Beach
Y Kure Beath
at Fisher
atd Head it
Appendix A-2b
Parks, Open Spaces
and Historic Resources
(South)
'The Preparaban - — map was financed in part through
a grant provided by ere North Carolina Coastal Management
program, through funds provided by ere Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as aman6K which is
adminstered by the Office of Onan and Coastal Resource
Management, National Ocean and Almosphanp
Admrasbaeon.'
0
Incorporated Area
®
MOTSU
0
State Land
®
Coastal Reserve
®
Registered Historic Property
Registered Historic Structure
O
CAMA Access Site
Public Park
0 20,000
Cape Fear River
Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLAN N IN G
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901-1631
[phone]
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston, Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

Appendix A-3a
Coastal Zone
Resources
(North)
-The Prepaneorl of this map was finsnoad in part Mrotgh
a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, tteough hrMs provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972. as amended, which is
administered by the (Mice of Ocean and Coastal Reapacs
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheno
Admngtration.-
Incorporated Area
®
Natural Heritage Priority Area
®
Primary Nursery Area
SA Water Closed to Shelifishing
Non -Supporting Water
Non -Supporting Stream
O
Point Source Discharge
N.6- Wetlands not Indicated
i
0 20,000
Cape Fear River
'
-
Corridor
Plan
1
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
-
452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 90901-1671
-
[phone]
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston, Massachusetts
f
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
cam 'neeea" ,
Augusta, Georgia

`j AppendixA-3b
Coastal Zone
Resources
(South)
-The Priloarsitim of this map was financed in pad through
a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, ftm3gh fierids provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972. as armended, which is
administered by the Office of Oman and Coastal Reso,irce
Management National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.'
incorporated Area
Natural Heritage Priority Area
EM Primary Nursery Area
Brunsvirick
Torom
SA Water Closed to Shelifthing
z
Non -Supporting Water
Beach
Non -Supporting Stream
-A Point Source Discharge
Kelm Wetlands not Indicated
Kure Beach
f
Fort F44-
0
0
20,000
Cape Fear River
(11
Uf0
Corridor
00
3
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901.1631
(706) T22-1588
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston, Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta. Georgia

e
t`
J
Carolina
Beach
Appendix A-4a
Visual Character
(North)
TMPnpontknei0W map—Nno w
F Pr 0-1-0 9 9, Ma's by 1M
Nodh Cwo9na Co" Mm"Mm%d pmww 4 th-0
NndtMm•by Ow CoxW Inns Min gp m
Ad of 1972, = rrrn64 which Is 9dminWernd by
tho 0"1- 0 0— Ind C-1W P— M ..g—. t,
Noticed 0—ft and At.—Phwk Adni WMbt.-
RAIL ACCESS
— Railroad
KEY PUBLIC WATERFRONT/
ACCESS AREA
OKey Water Front
Open Space / Park
ja Restricted Acces
Accessible Edge
KEY WATER ACCESS
Ferry Landing
Boat Launch
• Marina
KEY BARRIERS
,,.,.,.. Built Edge (Residential/
Commercial Use)
%An Inaccessible Edge
VISUAL CONNECTIONS
Key Waterfront
view from Road
® Industrial / Institution
0 20,000
Fe9t
Cape Fear
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Jolnt Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901.1631
[phone]
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

Appendix A-4b
Visual Character
(South)
-Th. Pr"—w.n of mi. m.P — fw—
N vrt mnu9n • 9t•t• f•oviha by th.
lbrlh C-OfM. C ..fr M.Yq.m.M PmW m through
fund. Pr-ld d by th. COYW ZOY M. g-4
Act 01972... OMWXII d..h" I. tlminM.nd by
the Offk. of OoMn.11d COY" HMOI.C.Wn. T*K
YrLrJ Mrnie ..A• - -' .MinYb.rMw•

I
iilftil!V
Appendix A-5a
Utility Services
(North)
-The Pfp.W. M thi. my — fl---W
through • hr
fthp—l" M-9PNorth C.WinC—.."Z—M mV-m-0
tondo th—
I97Ld=dby
4whic
keemdAct M a-1.h s wMQntby
du offL- W 0— r.d CO-W R-- M—g—*,
NnOwd 0—ic WW Atm-Phaft AchNnkvid'
Service Area Limits
Raw water Main
17771 Area Served by Public
Water Works
ME] Area Served by Public
Sewerage
Area Served by Public
Water & Sewer
EM Area Served by Private
Water Works
E-771 Solis Moderately Limited
for Septic Systems
(Brunswick County Only)
EM] Soils Severely Limited
for Septic Systems
(Brunswick County Only)
Cape Fear
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis street
Augusta, Georgia 30901-1631
[phone]
a A=
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

Appendix A-5b
Utility Services
(South)
'TM p,.PnWl-n e1 thY mr* w- Rn-.d
Y prtfAnugh g,-tK-wwby&-
Rerth GroBiu Ce-hl Y�rrq�,-id P-W-M 0-0
funds pm WW by the Ce-W Zn- M—gm-nl
Ad e1197Z ----14 nhYh Y tlnlnYhnd by
"o" f 0—rW C-OW R-eunn M -g--W.
-1 R'No0e- iC rM Abr pM,Y Adnin WMY n
—
Service Area Limits
—
Raw water Main
0
Area Served by Public
Water Works
p
Area Served by Public
Sewerage
®
Area Served by Public
Water & Sewer
B
Area Served by Private
Water Works
p
Soils Moderately Limited
for Septic Systems
(Brunswick County Only)
p
Soils Severely Limited
for Septic Systems
(Brunswick County Only)
Cape Fear
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRAN STO N-ICO N-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusts, Georgia 30901-1631
[phone]
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

>z�
Appendix A-6b
!
Transportation
l
(South)
_
Nonh C—line Co-W M.n.go"M pfaq twough
rta,t
��
r
id
fund@ proved byth.C...t.l Za M-9 »4
- n'rt� \ r a
_ - 9.ldq.
Aet of 1972.-...nd.4 whkh Y.d W6w.d by
th. oM0—e. a oand C...t.l N..eune.
�\ _
NMIMW 0—IC W4 Mmuphrk Adminisftd—•
!
G — J
Primary Highway
Secondary Hlgway
\j !
\` ,
---• Proposed Highway
� _
_ _ � a
(Approx. Location)
1
071
�1
Railroad
Designated Scenic Byway
Designated Bike Route
!,p„ae1d�
Bus Route
/� #�"�y
�__— Ferry Route
!..
----• Navigation Channel
37,400 Average Daily
��.t.
Traffic-D.O.T.1995
Carolina Beact
,5. f
i4 r
s s�►.ett-r"� r
! Kure Beach
jf
d FW
�� AirF ace S.
-� V L- Fa f
i Sta. 0
20,000
a \!
V
Feet
t,r v. FotR~
r
�N.C.AtFta rhet
�'F
4
Cape Fear
�' Q
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
hftnd
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
Yaupon Beach �1
A Joint Venture
452 EIIW Street
Caswell Beach ...... . -; `: - - - - - -- - -
Augusta, Georgia 30901.1631
..- Fort Caewa - \ .:._ - - _.. - -
[phone]
f
r -
Cranston, Robertson
"
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, Inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Bald Head Island `
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

91
Appendix A-7
Existing Zoning
-rM Preparation of this nap wa financed
N pan through a grant proedd by tM
North Can9M Coadd Monger.-d Pregno, through
tmMa W—ldd by the Coastal Zone Manpw,wirt
Act of 197Z, . amandd, rrhi b le admini *.,W by
the Office of Ooaon aed CoaaW Aewura Yrngamant,
Ndrond Oceanic and Mrooph dl Adninhration.-
p
Municipality,
®
Site Built Res: 6000
®
Residential
Business District
Highway Business District
Commercial Low Density
p
Military Installation
®
Industrial District
®
Heavy Industrial district
p
Airport Residential District
Airport Industrial District
0
Rural Agricultural District
0
FF
0 20,000`-
Cape Fear
River Corridor
Plan
Brunswick County
New Hanover County
City of Wilmington
CRANSTON-ICON-PLANNING
COLLABORATIVE
A Joint Venture
452 Ellis Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901.1631
[phone]
Cranston, Robertson
& Whitehurst, P.C.
Augusta, Georgia
ICON architecture, inc.
Boston Massachusetts
Planning, Research and
Management Associates
Augusta, Georgia

B-1
Appendix B: Program Elements by Geographic Area
A Northern Industrial Area --from Navassa to northern boundary of study area
A-1
West Bank of River North of Navassa
New river -oriented industry served by barge
New warehousing/distribution industry related to Hwy. 17 Bypass
Select highway route for Hwy. 17 Bypass to maintain good industrial sites and minimize disruption of
river frontage docking sites near CSX Railroad crossing of Cape Fear River
Add interchange with new Hwy 17 Bypass at SR 1430, Cedar Hill Road, near Navassa to enhance
access to future industrial sites (in addition to the planned interchange at SR 1426, Mount Misery
Road).
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas; 100 feet wide in industrial/commercial
areas
(Buffers would be "no -build" areas except for port facilities, other water dependent uses,
recreational uses consistent with vegetated buffer, and low density residential uses. Existing
"grandfathered" uses, and agriculture and silviculture conducted by Best Management Practices
would be exempt.)
Expand existing wastewater treatment plant to serve new industry
A-2
Highway 421 Corridor
New infill industry (distribution/warehousing/manufacturing) related to new Hwy. 17 Bypass
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas; 100 feet wide in industrial/commercial
areas
B Brunswick River Frontage
B
Brunswick River, Navassa to south of Belville
Major new recreational boating center with clubhouse at the bend in Brunswick River approximately 1
mile south of Hwy. 17/74/76 for community sailing program, recreational rowing, kayaking,
motorboat racing, water skiing, and other active water sports. (The site could be either within or
adjacent to the existing waterfront park in Belville. An alternate site for the boating center could
be adaptive reuse or cooperative use of NCDOT boat ramp and docks near Highway 77/74/76.)
Raise US 17/74/76 roadway and bridge over Brunswick River to provide clearance for small boats at
high tide
Complete the waterfront park opposite Belville Elementary School to include dredged channel from
boat ramp to deep water and associated mitigation
New infill residential with supporting retail expansion near Hwy. 17/74/76
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas; 50 feet wide in residential areas and 100
feet wide in industrial/commercial areas

B-2
C Western Shore of River Between Belville and Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal
C-1
Proposed River Crossine at State Port
New Southern Loop, extending over the river via a high bridge west from near Titanium Road across
the southern tip of Eagle Island to US 17 opposite SR 1438 near Sunny Point Railroad
Improvement of SR 1438 as thoroughfare to US Highway 74/76
C-2
New Industrial Area
Along new river crossing route, either near Highway 133 and the State Port, or at US 17 and the Army
Railroad
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas; 50 feet wide in residential areas and 100
feet wide in industrial/commercial areas
Modest water service extensions
Wastewater treatment in connection with proposed County regional system
C-3
Future Residential Development/Conservation
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas, 50 feet wide in residential areas and 100
feet wide in industrial/commercial areas
(Buffers would be "no -build" areas except for port facilities, other water dependent uses,
recreational uses consistent with vegetated buffer, and low density residential appurtenances.
Existing "grandfathered" uses and agriculture and silviculture conducted by Best Management
Practices would be exempt.)
Large-scale private conservation reserves involving multiple properties
Low density residential and "gated" plantation development back from river in conjunction with the
upland natural vegetated buffer
Establish Highway 133 as Scenic Byway, including "Confederate Retreat Trace" with:
Controlled signage and access
Vegetative buffers
Width
50 feet
Interpretation of "Confederate Retreat' on both sides of the river, including Fort Pender at Smithville
(Southport), Fort Anderson, Town Creek, and Fort Caswell
Wayside exhibits at pulloffs
Low power AM radio messages
C-4
Cooperative Industrial Park
New industrial park on or north of Highway 133, targeting energy -efficient, water- conserving, non-
polluting industry
Area
Plantation Road Connector (new road)
300-400 acres

B-3
Joint use of northern pier and railroad at Sunny Point (conditional upon military needs and activities)
Vegetated buffer zones along Highway 133 and Plantation Road frontages
Water service extension along Highway 133
Wastewater treatment with land application of effluent
D Military Ocean Terminal, Sunny Point
D
Cooperative Uses of Sunny Point
Maintain military mission
Insure arrangements to protect wildlife habitat
Cooperative military/commercial joint use of northern pier, including maintenance dredging
Cooperative use of the portion of Sunny Point reservation next to the northern dredge spoil area for
park land enhancement of Brunswick Town and Fort Anderson site
E Industrial Area South of Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal
E
ADM and CP&L Industrial Area
Strengthen existing industry and new infill industry, where appropriate
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas; 100 feet wide in industrial/commercial
areas
F Southport and its Northern Fringe ti
F
Southport and Northern Fringe
New bargelferry landing for Bald Head Island
New 75 slip marina
River related residential
New infill residential and restoration in preserved historic settings within the city of Southport
New residential in proposed Oleander development
Interpretation of "Confederate Retreat' on both sides of the river, including Fort Pender at Smithville
(Southport), Fort Anderson, Town Creek, and Fort Caswell
Wayside exhibits at pulloffs
Low power AM radio messages
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas; 50 feet wide in residential areas

B-4
G Downtown Wilmington
Refer to Wilmington Downtown Plan: Vision 2020, for greater detail
G
Riverfront Area
Landscape and beautify entrances into city at Memorial Bridge and along proposed Smith creek
Parkway at Holmes Bridge
River -oriented residential with marina on Dean Hardwood site
New hotel/convention complex adjacent to Coast Line Inn
Develop new Intermodal Transportation Terminal, including potential cruise ship dockage at existing
pier
Relocate Almont Shipping operations and replace with mixed use development
Extend River Walk from bridge to bridge
Provide floating docks for transient tie-up
Provide new retail and office development on available infill lots
Demolish Water Street Deck and replace with mixed -use and parking
Continue rehabilitation, restoration and adaptive reuse of historic structures
Interpretation of "Confederate Retreat" on both sides of the river. Beginning at Fort Fisher and
continuing at sites along eastern shore including Sugar Loaf (battle site in restricted area at
Carolina Beach State Park), Forks Road, Mt. Tirza (river at Eagle Island), Wilmington, and
Smith's Creek
Interpretive Wayside Exhibits
Low power AM radio messages
H Eastern Shore of Cape Fear River - Memorial Bridge to Bamards Creek
H
Port and Related Industry
Incremental intensification of industrial waterfront
Expansion of State Port to include added container capacity, public/private operation of dry bulk
handling facilities, and other improvements according to North Carolina Ports Master Capital
Development Plan (1997-2006) as feasible
Transportation improvements:
Widening Burnett Boulevard
Improve intersection at Front Street, Burnett Boulevard, Carolina Beach Road
New high bridge over Cape Fear River across the tip of Eagle Island to improve port access to the
west at US 17 and beyond to US 74/76
Raise power lines crossing the river, possibly in conjunction with new high bridge.
Interpretation of "Confederate Retreat" on both sides of the river. Beginning at Fort Fisher and
continuing at sites along eastern shore including Sugar Loaf (battle site in restricted area at
Carolina Beach State Park), Forks Road, Mt. Tirza (river at Eagle Island), Wilmington, and

B-S
I
Smith's Creek
Wayside interpretive exhibits
Low power AM radio messages
Riverfront Opposite Downtown Wilmington
Refer to llmington Downtown Plan: Vision 2020, for greater detail.
I-1
Maintain "Green" River Edge Opposite Downtown
"Two Rivers Park" with passive recreation areas, open grassed areas, "Point Peter Lookout" at
junction of rivers, and associated landscaping, lighting, parking, street, and entry improvements
Upland natural vegetated buffer 50 feet wide along wetland areas
River Walk within green area along river's edge
Junk removal and site cleanup
Retain historic waterfront structures
Wayside interpretive exhibits
Possible residential or mixed use development, compatible with vegetated buffer, set back from the
river edge -
I-2
USS North Carolina Battleship Area
Park, wetlands, and open space around Battleship
Ferry connection to other "Maritime Heritage Center" attractions, such as Blockade Runner replica on
downtown waterfront
I-3
West Shore of River South of Battleship
Explore potential of "Maritime Heritage Center" to complement the Battleship, including potential
addition of river -related Navy vessels, interpretation of Wilmington's shipbuilding history, and
interpretation of marine archaeological resources of the Cape Fear River
Open space/park
River Walk within green area along river
Wayside interpretive panels at additional Maritime Heritage sites along River Walk
J Eagle Island - between Cape Fear River and the Brunswick River, south of Alligator Creek and
Redmond Creek
J
Eaele Island
Maintain primary use as dredge material disposal site
Trails along tops of dikes
Roadside pedestrian/bike connection to USS North Carolina site
Wayside interpretive exhibits
Major sports facility on first available reclaimed portion of disposal area, including baseball and

B-6
softball complexes, multipurpose fields (soccer, football, etc.), and associated parking and
landscaping
Interpretive wayside exhibits related to ecology, "Confederate Retreat" (particularly Mt. Tirza
engagement), and other historical subjects -
K Eastern Shore alone River Road --south of industrial area and Barnards Creek and north of Mott
Creek
K
Residential and Mixed -Use
Explore feasibility of public/private effort to construct new road away from river as main traffic -
carrying alternate to River Road
Large-scale, planned residential and mixed -use development with golf, tennis, marina, and other
amenities
Bamards Creek Park - new medium-sized park (approximately 50 acres) with picnic, fishing, boat
launching, and passive recreation facilities
Upland natural vegetated buffer along wetland areas, 50 feet wide in residential areas
L River Road South of Mott Creek and North of Snow's Cut
L
Residential Area
River -oriented residential infill
Upland natural vegetated buffer along river wetland areas, 50 feet wide in residential areas
M Eastern Shore Opposite Sunny Point
M
Military Restricted Area
Maintain military restricted area
Maintain current cooperative uses
Marina improvements at Carolina Beach State Park
Enhance N.C. Aquarium
Enhance Fort Fisher Visitor Center
Enhance Carolina Beach State Park by leasing adjacent property from MOTSU to re-establish Sugar
Loaf historic site
Excursion boat service from Carolina Beach State Park to Brunswick Town State Historic Site,
Fort Anderson, and Orton Plantation
Interpretation of "Confederate Retreat" on both sides of the river. Beginning at Fort Fisher and
continuing at sites along eastern shore including Sugar Loaf (battle site in restricted area at
Carolina Beach State Park), Forks Road, Mt. Tina (river at Eagle Island), Wilmington and
Smith's Creek
Wayside interpretive exhibits
Low power AM radio messages

B-7
N
Eastern Shore South of Fort Fisher and North of Bald Head Island
Laree Estuarine Lands
Extending south of Fort Fisher to Bald Head Island. Not likely to be substantially changed or
developed, except for Middle Island which is accessible by land from Bald Head Island
O Bald Head Island
Bald Head Island
Continue existing trend of residential development as planned

v
4
O
U
Al
C

Summary of Costs by Category
Project
Description
Highway
Recreation and Open
Boating Facilities
Heritage and
Prot Development
Water and Sewer
Total
Improvements
Space
Tourism
A-1.5
Expand wastewater treatmt.
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$10,000,0(1n
$10,000,000
B.I
Recreational boating center
$0
$0
$1,080,000
$0
$0
$0
$1,080,000
B.2
Raise Hwy. 17/74/76 bridge
$4,200,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$4,200.000
B.3
Dredge Belville boat ramp
$0
$0
$60,000
$0
$0
$0
$60,000
B.4
Expand Belville park
$0
$180.000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$180.000
C-1.1
New high bridge & hwy.
$240,000,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$240,000,000
C-1.2
Impts. to SR 1438
$7,800,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$7,800,000
C-3.4
Highway 133 scenic byway
$0
$0
$0
$18,000
$0
$0
$18,000
C-3.5
Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
$0
$0
$0
$36,000
$0
$0
$36.000
C-4.2
Plantation Road connector
$600,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$600,000
C-4.6
Extension of water on Hwy.133
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$1,800,000
$I,800,000
C-4.7
Expand wastewater treatment
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$1,800,000
$1,800,000
DA
Expand Brunswick Town & Ft. Anderson
$0
$0
$0 ,
" $240,000
$0
$0
$240,000
F.5
Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
$0
$0
$0
$30,000
$0
$0
$30,000
H.2
Expansion of State Port
$0
$0
$0
$0
$11,052,000
$0
$11,052,000
11.3
Transportation improvements
$1,440,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$1,440,000
H.5
Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
$0
$0
$0
$30,000
$0
$0
$30,000
J.2
Bike/jogging trails on top of dike
$0
$84,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$84,000
3.3
Sports complex
$0
$6,600,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$6,600,000
JA
Interpretive wayside exhibits
$0
$0
$0
$36,000
$0
$0
$36,000
J.5
Bike/pedestrian trail to Battleship
$0
$144,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$144,000
K.I
Relocate River Road
$9,000,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$9,000,000
K.3
New park with boat ramp
$0
$1,800,000
$200,000
$0
$0
$0
$2,000,000
MA
Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
$0
$0
$0
$36.000
$0
$0
$36,000
M.5
Expand Carolina Beach State Park
$0
$120,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$120000
Total
$263,040,000
$8,928,000
$1,346,000
$426,000
$11.052,000
$13,600,000
$298386000

D-1
Appendix D: Phasing
Cane Fear River Master Plan Phasin
Phasing
Area and Project
0-5 Years
5-10 Years
10+ Years
A. Northern Industrial Area:
A-1.1 River oriented industry
X
X
X
A-1.2 New hwy. oriented industry
X
X
A-1.3 Interchange @ SR 1430 & Hwy. 17
X
A-1.4 Upland vegetated buffer
X
A-1.5 Expand wastewater plant
X
A-2.1 Hyw. oriented industry
X
X
X
A-2.2 Upland vegetated buffer
X
B. Brunswick River Frontage:
B.1 Recreational boating center
X
X
B.2 Raise hwy. 17n4/76 bridge
X
B.3 Dredge Belville boat ramp
X
BA Expand Belville park
X
B.5 Infill residential
X
X
X
B.6 Infill retail
X
X
X
B.7 Upland vegetated buffer
X
C. West Bank-Belville to MOTSU:
C-1.1 New bridge & hwy
X
X
X
C-1.2 Impvts. to SR 1438
X
X
C-2.1 New industry
X
X
C-2.2 Water service expansion
X
C-2.3 Sewer service expansion
X
C-2.4 Upland vegetated buffer
X
C-3.1 Upland vegetated buffer
X
C-3.2 Conservation reserves
X
X
X
C-3.3 Residential development
X
X
X
C-3.4 Highway 133 scenic byway
X
C-3.5 Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
X
C-4.1 New industrial park
X
X
C-4.2 Plantation Road connector
X
X
C-4.3 Joint use of northern MOTSU pier
X
X
X
C-4.5 Upland vegetated buffer
X
C4.6 Extension of water along Hwy. 133
X
C-4.7 Expand wastewater treatment
X
X

D-2
Phasing
Area and Project
0-5 Years
5-10 Years
10+ Years
D. MOTSU:
D.l Maintain military use
X
X
X
D.2 Expand wildlife habitat program
X
X
X
D.3 Joint use of northern MOTSU pier
X
X
X
DA Expand Brunswick Town & Ft. Anderson
X
E. Industrial area south of MOTSU:
E.l New infill industry
X
X
X
E.2 Upland vegetated buffer
X
F. Southport & Northern Fringe:
F.1 New barge/ferry landing
X
F.2 Marina
X
F.3 Residential -outside Southport
X
X
X
FA Residential -inside Southport
X
X
X
F.5 Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
X
F.6 Upland vegetated buffer
X
G. Downtown Wilmington:
See Vision 2020 Plan
X
X
X
H. East Bank of River -Bridge to Barnards Crk.
H.1 Industrial expansion
X
X
X
H.2 Expansion of State Port
X
X
X
H.3 Transportation improvements
X
X
X
HA New bridge (see C-1.1)
X
X
H.5 Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
X
I. West Bank opposite downtown:
See Vision 2020 Plan
X
X
X
J. Eagle Island:
J.1 Maintain as site for dredge material
X
X
X
J.2 Bike/jogging trials on top of dike
X
J.3 Sports complex:
X
Baseball
X
Softball
X
Soccer
X
Multi -.purpose
X
Parking
X
JA Interpretive wayside exhibits
X

D-3
Phasing
Area and Project
0-5 Years
5-10 Years
10+ Years
K. East Bank-Barnards Creek to Motts Creek:
K.1 Relocate River Road
X
X
X
K.2 Mixed use PUD
X
X
X
K.3 New park with boat ramp
X
X
KA Upland vegetated buffer
X
L. East Bank-Motts Creek to Snows Cut:
L.l River oriented residential infill
X
X
X
L.2 Upland vegetated buffer
X
M. East Bank opposite MOTSU:
M.1 Maintain military restrictions
X
X
X
M.2 Maintain current cooperative uses
X
X
X
M.3 Shuttle boat service to west bank
X
MA Confederate retreat trace/exhibits
X
M.5 Expand Carolina State Beach Park
X
M.6 Marina improvements
X
M.7 Enhance N.C. Aquarium
X
X
X
N. East Bank -Fort Fisher to Bald Head Island:
N.1 Maintain estuarine lands
X
X
X
O. Bald Head Island:
0.1 Continue residential development
X
X
X

Appendix E: Project Oversight Committee Members
Member
Affiliation
Zoe D. Bruner
NC Coastal Management
Bill Caster
New Hanover County
Leslie Collier
Brunswick County
Frank Conlon
City of Wilmington Council
Don Eggert
Brunswick County Planning Department.
Robert Greer
New Hanover County
Mike Hargett
City of Wilmington
Dexter L. Hayes
New Hanover County Planning Department
Jeff Coutu
Brunswick County Planning Department
Patrick Lowe
New Hanover County Planning Department
Bob Murphrey
Downtown Area Revitalization Effort, Inc.
Chris O'Keefe
New Hanover County Planning Department
Laura Padgett
City of Wilmington Council
Greg Pittillo
Carolina Power & Light
William M. (Bill) Sue
Brunswick County Commission
Andrea Surrat
City of Wilmington
Arcelia Wicker
City of Wilmington

F-1
S= 3
Appendix F: Citizen Advisory Committee Members
Individual
Organization
Julius C. Adams
Leland Sanitary District
Dewayne Anderson
Coast Line Associates
Jim Bartley
Brunswick Town Historic Site
Harold Bate
Citizen
Don Betz
Mayor, City of Wilmington
Buzz Birzenieks
Commissioner, New Hanover County
Wayne Bissette
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Doug Bowers
N.C. Dept. of Transportation
Louis (Bobby) Brown
Town of Navassa
Zoe D. Bruner
NC Dept. of Environment, Health. & Natural. Resources
John Bullock
Cotton Exchange
Judge Julian Burnett
Citizen
Sid Camden
Almont Shipping Co.
Bruce Cameron
Cameron Company
Bouton Baldridge
Cape Fear River Watch
Doug Carlson
Archer Daniels Midland
TBD
Carolina Beach State Park
Linda Carroll
CCO Inc.
William A. (Bill) Caster
New Hanover County
Leslie Z. Collier
Brunswick County Commissioner
Frank Conlon
City of Wilmington
Ed Croom
USA
Ted Davis, Jr.
Citizen
Charles Dean
Dean Hardwoods
Peggy Dreyfors
Citizen
Bill Dungan
National Gypsum Co.
Bill Emerson, Jr.
Wilmington Shipping
Richard Ferguson
E I Dupont De Nemours
Robert Gandy
Town of Southport
Robert Greer
New Hanover County
Danny Hagain
American Hess Corp.
Camilla Herlevich
NC Coastal Land Trust
Hamilton E. Hicks Jr.
City of Wilmington
Richard Holbrook
N. C. Baptist Assembly
David Holmes
Citizen
Wade Horne
Village of Bald Head Island
Charles Howell
New Hanover County Commisioner
Jim Lanier
N.C. Aquarium
Marilyn Laufer
Southern Metals
Bill Lester
NC Wildlife

F-2
r
Dr. James Leutze
UNC-Wilmington
David Lewis
American Crane
Rose Ann Mack
Cape Fear Council of Governments
Connie Majure
Greater Wilmington Chamber of Commerce
Lee Morton Maready
Almont Shipping Co.
Dr. Eric McKeithan
Cape Fear Community College
E. W. (Gene) Merritt Jr.
The Gene Merritt Co., Inc.
Kenneth D. Messer
Town of Belville
Tom Monks
Brunswick Cty. Economic Dvlpmnt. Commission
Katherine Moore
City of Wilmington Council
Chris Mowery
N.C. State Ports Authority
Allen Neal
Citigo Asphalt Refining
Joseph O'Brien
Town of Caswell Beach
Nelson Macrae
Oleander Company
Laura Padgett
City of Wilmington
Col. Donald Parker
Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal
H. O. Peterson
City of Wilmington Council
Jane Peterson, CTP
Cape Fear Coast Conv. and Visitors Bureau
R. Glen Peterson
Dept. of Admin., State of NC
Ruth Phillips
Citizen
Greg Pittillo, P.E.
Carolina Power and Light Co.
Capt. Terry L. Rice
US Coast Guard
Glenn Richardson
Wilmington Planning Commission
Charles H. Rivenbark Jr.
City of Wilmington
Nathan Sanders
Citizen
David R. Sandifer
Brunswick County Commissioner
Scott Satterfield
Wilmington Industrial Development
Ken Shanklin
New Hanover County Planning Board
Capt. David R. Sheu
Battleship North Carolina
Jo Ann Simmons
Brunswick County Commissioner
Karen Sphar
Southport -Oak Island Chamber of Commerce
Laurence Sprunt
Orton Plantation
Senior Chief Steigleder
US Coast Guard
Jim Strickland
Koch Refining
William M. Sue
Brunswick County Commissioner
Scott C. Sullivan
Cameron Company
Cynthia Tart
Parks & Recreation Adv. Committee
Kurt Taube
Lower Cape Fear Water & Sewer Authority
David E. Taylor
River Vista Subdivision
Glenn Tetterton
Sister City Commission
Franky Thomas
Town of Leland
John Thompson
Brunswick Cty. Planning Board
Jim Varner
Brunswick County Administration
Donald E. Warren
Brunswick County Commissioner

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Robert Warwick
Warwick & Associates
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Lynda Weill
WHET
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Charles Wells
Chamber of Commerce
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C. C. Wilson Jr.
Wilmington Iron Works
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Thomas D. Wright
The Cape Gulf
Thomas Wright
Wright Corporation
Steve Yandle
Takeda Chemical Products USA, Inc.
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