Land Use Plan and Policies for Growth and Development Update-1987

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DCM COPY "^ ` DCM COPY
lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management Copy_
Brunswick County
Land Use Plan and
Policies for Growth
and Development
198.7 Update
Adopted by
The Brunswick County
Commissioners
November 2, 1987
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THIS LAND USE PLAN UPDATE WAS ADOPTED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA ,
COASTAL RESOURCES COMMISSION ON DECEMBER 4, 1987

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BRUNSWICK COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
Grace Beasley, Chairman
Benny Ludlum, Vice -Chairman
Christopher L. Chappell
James L. Poole
Frankie Rabon
Plan Prepared By
THE BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING BOARD
Edward M. Gore, Chairman
Thomas Dixie, Vice -Chairman
John L. Barbee
J. Alan Holden
Shelton Lee Stanley
Michael A. Schaub
Christopher L. Chappell, Ex Officio
Technical Assistance Provided By: .
The Brunswick County Planning Department
assisted by:
Edward D. Stone, Jr. and Associates

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Table of Contents
Page
ExecutiveSummary .................................................................................................1
1. Data Collection and Analysis................................................................................6
1.1 Information Base...................................................................................................7
1.2 Present Conditions...............................................................................................8
1.2.1 Population and Economy........................................................................8
1.2.2 Existing Land Use Analysis...................................................................23
1.2.3 Current Plans, Policies and
Regulations..............................................................................................28
1.2.3(c)Evaluation of Previous Land Use Plan Effectiveness .......................33
1.3 Constraints; Land Suitability............................................................................38
1.3.1 Physical Limitations for
Development...........................................................................................38
1.3.2 Fragile Areas...........................................................................................42
1.3.3 Areas with Resource Potential.............................................................48
1.4 Constraints; Community Facilities
andServices.........................................................................................................
52
1.4.1 Water........................................................................................................52
1.4.2 Sewer and Storm Drainage...................................................................53
1.4.3 Transportation........................................................................................54
1.4.4 Police........................................................................................................55
1.4.5 Fire and Rescue.......................................................................................56
1.4.6 Schools......................................................................................................56
1.4.7 Parks and Recreation.............................................................................58
1.4.8 Solid Waste..............................................................................................58
1.4.9 Medical Care...........................................................................................59
1.5 Anticipated Demand..........................................................................................
60
1.5.1 Population and Economic
Projections...............................................................................................60
1.5.2 Future Land Use Needs.........................................................................
61
1.5.3 Community Facilities
Demands..................................................................................................63
2. Policies for Growth and Development..............................................................69
Introduction to the Policies.....................................................................................70
Policy2.0................................................................................................................71
2.1 Resource Protection Policies.............................................................................72
2.1.1 Constraints to Development.................................................................72
2.1.2 Areas of Environmental
Concern.................................................................................................... 73
2.1.3 Other Hazardous or Fragile
LandAreas..............................................................................................75
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan

2.1.4
Hurricane and Flood
Evacuation...............................................................................................76
2.1.5
Protection of Potable
WaterSupply..........................................................................................76
2.1.6
Package Sewage Treatment
Plant..........................................................................................................
77
2.1.7
Stormwater Runoff.................................................................................
78
2.1.8
Marina and Floating Home
Development...........................................................................................
78
2.1.9
Industry in Fragile Areas......................................................................79
2.1.10
Development of Sound and
Estuarine System Islands.......................................................................80
2.2 Resource Production and
ManagementPolicies.........................................................................................81
2.2.1
Productive Agricultural Lands.............................................................
81
2.2.2
Commercial Forest Lands.....................................................................81
2.2.3
Mineral Production Areas.....................................................................82
2.2.4
Fisheries Resources................................................................................82
2.2.5
Off -Road Vehicles...................................................................................83
2.2.6 .
Development Impacts............................................................................
83
2.3 Economic and Community
DevelopmentPolicies........................................................... :............................
84
2.3.1
Types and Locations of
Desired Industries..................................................................................84
2.3.2
Provision of Services to
Development...........................................................................................
84
2.3.3
Urban Growth Pattern ...........................................................................
85
2.3.4
Redevelopment.......................................................................................
86
2.3.5
State and Federal Program
Support....................................................................................................86
2.3.6
Channel Maintenance and
BeachNourishment................................................................................87
2.3.7
Energy Facilities......................................................................................87
2.3.8
Tourism and Beach
WaterfrontAccess..................................................................................88
2.3.9
Coastal and Estuarine
WaterAccess...........................................................................................88
2.3.10
Residential Development......................................................................89
2.3.11
Commercial Development....................................................................90
2.3.12
Airstrips and Airports...........................................................................90
2.3.13
Roads........................................................................................................
91
2.3.14
Beautification..........................................................................................92
2.4 Public Participation Policies.............................................................................93
2.4.1
Public Participation Policy....................................................................94
Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

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2.5 Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -
Disaster Recovery and Evacuation
Plan.................................................................................................................93
2.5.1 Storm Hazard Mitigation................................................................97
2.5.2 Post -Disaster Recovery...............................................................100
2.5.3 Evacuation Plan ..............................................................................109
3. Land Classification...............................................................................................111
3.1 Purpose of Land Classification and
Relationshipto Policies..............................................................................112
3.2 Land Classification System.......................................................................113
4. Intergovernmental Coordination
andImplementation.............................................................................................117
4.0 Intergovernmental Coordination
andImplementation...................................................................................118
Appendices.............................................................................................................119
I. Brunswick County Soil
Interpretation..............................................................................................120
H. Brunswick County Natural Areas............................................................126
M. Index of Brunswick County's
MajorHistoric Sites....................................................................................131
IV. Brunswick County Urban Concentrations.............................................142
V. . Public Participation Documents...............................................................145
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan

List of Tables, Figures and Maps
Page
PopulationGrowth...........................................................................................................8
PopulationGrowth Dynamics........................................................................................9
Population Growth by Township................................................................................10
Township and Municipal Boundaries Map............................................................10m
MunicipalPopulation Growth.....................................................................................11
HousingGrowth by Township....................................................................................12
Brunswick County Population and Housing Growth..............................................12
Historic Picture of Percentages of Various Age Groups of
Brunswick County's Population............................................................................13
Percentage of Workers Employed by Major Category:
BrunswickCounty....................................................................................................14
Insured Employment by Major Category: Brunswick County and
North Carolina by Percentage:1983......................................................................15
Economic Impact (selected years)................................................................................16
Per Capita Income:1970,1975 & 1980.........................................................................16
Gross Retail Sales Breakdown: Brunswick County..................................................17
Brunswick County Farms: 1980 & 1984.....................................................................18
Percent of Population 65 Years and Over: 1970 & 1980...........................................19
Persons Receiving Social Security Benefits from Brunswick County .....................19
JourneyTo Work Commuting......................................................................................20
BrunswickCounty Tax Base.........................................................................................
22
LandSuitability Analysis.....................................................................:........................41
Historic Sites/Fragile Areas.........................................................................................47
Agricultural Lands: Prime Farmland Soils................................................................49
LocallyImportant Farmland Soils...............................................................................49
UniqueLand Soils..........................................................................................................49
FragileAreas Map.......................................................................................................51m
1986 Water Consumption..............................................................................................53
High Accident Concentration Areas Map...............................................................55m
CommunityFacilities Map ..................................... :..................................................
59m
Existing Land Use Map...............................................................................
Back of Plan
Composite Natural Hazards Areas Map ..................................................
Back of Plan
Land Classification Map..............................................................................
Back of Plan
Brunswick County Land Use Plan
Brunswick County Planning Board

Executive Summary
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 1

Introduction
' Need For Planning
' Brunswick County has grown very rapidly during the last 15 to 20 years, largely due to its
coastal proximity and location between the City of Wilmington and rapidly growing
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Brunswick County is one of the fastest growing counties in
North Carolina.
As the area becomes more densely settled, however, new problems must be faced,
including: land use conflicts, as different uses are forced closer together; large public
expenditures for the services and facilities required by this new growth; and possible
degradation of the natural features of the County.
The intent of the Land Use Plan is to anticipate and plan for this growth, in a manner which
' helps protect the existing quality of life of area residents and avoids unreasonable increases
in the local tax burden. The North Carolina General Assembly recognized these issues
when it passed the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974, which requires coastal local
governments to develop land use plans and update them every five years. The first
Brunswick County Land Use Plan was adopted in 1976 and updated in 1981; this 1987
update primarily refines the 1981 plan and policies to reflect current conditions in the
' County.
Functions of the Plan
' The Land Use Plan performs everalim important functions for local governing bodies and the
p s p t g g
general public, these functions are briefly described below:
• Source of Information- The plan's technical studies provide information on a number
of topics, including the local economy, population, environmental features, housing
trends and facility needs.
• Guidance for Government Decisions - Once a governing body adopts a plan, it then
has a blueprint for guiding future decisions on budgets, ordinances, and zoning and
subdivision applications.
• Preview of Government Action - Business decisions of the public in general, and
developers in particular, are easier to make when the probable outcome of govern-
mental decisions is understood; the adoption of a Land Use Plan increases the
predictability of government actions.
' • Public Participation in Managing Growth -Public meetings and hearings held during
the plan's preparation help to insure that the plan expresses the will of the area's
citizens.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 2

Ingredients of the Plan
Several major steps were involved in the preparation of the Brunswick County Land Use
Plan. First, a number of technical studies were made on the past and present conditions in
the County. From these initial studies, forecasts for future growth and development of the
area were summarized. Finally, policies and a land classification map were devised to
address present and future needs.
Technical Studies
A number of basic studies are required before sound policy decisions can be made. These
basic studies include the following subjects:
Population and Economy
Existing Land Use Analysis
Current Plans, Policies and Regulations
Physical Limitations for Development
Fragile Areas
Areas with Resource Potential
Water Supply
Sewer and Storm Treatment
Transportation Facilities
Police Protection
Fire and Rescue Protection
Schools
Parks and Recreation
Solid Waste
Medical Care
Population and Economic Projections
Future Land Use Needs
Community Facility Demands
Collectively, these studies summarize past and present conditions, while providing the
essential yardsticks for estimating future conditions. The results of these studies are
contained in full in Section 1 of the Brunswick County Land Use Plan.
Highlights of the Technical Studies
Population
Between 1980 and 1987, the Brunswick County Planning Department estimates that popu- ■
lation grew by almost 18,700 people. Approximately 90 percent of that growth is
attributable to the migration of people moving into Brunswick County. 1987 population ,
is estimated by the County to be 54,431. The State projects that by the year 2000, population
Page 3 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

ill in approximately 7 Brunswick County i projected w crease to ppro mately 5,500 and to 96,800 in 2010 Bruns ck Co ty s p o� d
to continue to have one of the highest growth rates in the State.
Economy
' Tourism and related services are rapidly replacing manufacturing and agriculture as the
most important sectors of the Brunswick County economy. Peak seasonal population is
projected to reach 215,000 in 1990 due to some 140,000 anticipated tourists. The tourism
season in Brunswick County is expanding each year. The County is continuing to strive for
a balanced and diversified economy. In addition to the provision of infrastructure, the
County has established the Resources Development Commission to promote the newly
formed Leland Industrial Park and industrial development within the County.
' Land Use Analysis
A parcel by parcel land use survey was conducted by the Planning Department in 1985. It
was found that due to the rapid population growth of the County, the County was more
developed than projected in the 1981 land use plan update. Lockwood Folly and Shallotte
' Townships experienced the most development, particularly in the coastal areas. The
current development pattern of coastal development is projected to continue throughout
the plan period.
' Constraints; Land Suitabilit
y
Wetlands and soil limitations are the largest constraints to development in Brunswick
County. The County's low elevation and proximity to the coast and estuarine systems are
what both attracts and constrains growth. Where there are septic limitations, the use of
package sewage treatment facilities and small district based facilities is encouraged.
Whenever possible, engineering solutions will be studied and required in order to mitigate
environmental damages of development in environmentally sensitive areas.
Development in designated Areas of Environmental Concern requires special CAMA per-
mits in Brunswick County. Possible flood hazard areas are broadly defined within
Brunswick County and measures of elevation are required from all development proposed
in potential flood prone areas. Areas with resource potential have been identified for
' possible conservation measures.
1 Community Facilities
The County is currently installing and planning a comprehensive, urban and urbanizing
area public water system. A transportation Thoroughfare Plan is in the final stages of com-
pletion. Solid waste collection and disposal services are in the process of expansion and
improvement. Police, fire and rescue services, and medical care services are all currently
adequate, and will be expanded as needed. Planning for additional educational facilities
is currently under way.
IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 4

Policies For Growth and Development
The Plan sets forth a series of officially adopted policies concerning growth and develop-
ment. These policies are the most important elements of the Plan as they will serve as a basis
for future land use and capital improvements decision -making in Brunswick County. The
County has adopted an overall guiding policy which states that Brunswick County
supports the current growth trend being experienced and, to the extent possible, will
plan for and accommodate future growth while simultaneously maintaining and
improving. the quality of life for current and future residents.
Land Classification Map
A Land Classification Map has been prepared which broadly defines suggested land uses
throughout the County during the Plan period. The Land Classification Map is a carefully
designed graphic representation of the policy statements affected in this plan, coupled with
a natural extension of the existing growth and development pattern. The Land Classifica-
tion Map is not a zoning map. It is merely a tool to help implement policies. It is not a strict
regulatory mechanism.
Page 5 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

Section 1:
Data Collection
and Analysis
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 6

1.1 Information Base
The CAMA guidelines for preparing land use plans in the coastal area of North Carolina
require that an analysis of existing conditions and future trends be performed prior to
policy development. The intent of this requirement is to insure that the policies as
developed respond as closely as possible to current problems and issues facing the County.
Key components of the analysis may be described in four categories: 1) present conditions,
including population, economy, existing land use, and current plans and regulations; 2)
land suitability constraints, including physical limitations for development, fragile areas,
and areas with resource potential; 3) community facility and service constraints, including
water, sewer, transportation, police, fire, schools, parks and recreation, and solid waste;
and 4) anticipated demand, including population and economic projections, future land
1 use needs, and community facility demands.
Collectively, these studies summarize past and present conditions, while providing the
' essential yardsticks for estimating future conditions.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 7

1.2 Present Conditions
1.2.1 Population and Economy
1.2.1(a) Population
Brunswick County has both a substantial year-round permanent resident population and
an expanding seasonal population with an expanding season. Brunswick County's people
represent many different characteristics, all of which need to be recognized and addressed
in preparing plans and programs.
Population Growth
The first U.S. Census was taken in Brunswick County in 1790. It listed the County's
population as 3,071. From that time forward to 1960, the biennial U.S. Census showed a
moderate population increase, generally in the range of 12% to 14% per census. From 1960
to date, however, the population of Brunswick County has grown dramatically. According
to estimates made by the Planning Department, the County's population increased from
35,777 in 1980 to 54,431 in 1987, a 52% increase.
TABLE I
POPULATION GROWTH
Brunswick Co. State of NC
Number Percent Increase Number Percent Increase
Average Average
Year Decade`Annual Decade Annual
1950
19,238
4,032,795
1960
20,278
5.6% 0.6%
4,556;155
12A% 1.2%v
1970
24,223
19Z 2.0
5,084,411
11.6 1.2
1980
35,777
47.7 4.8
5,881,766
15.7 1.6
1981
37,436
4.6
1982
39,748
6.2
1983
42,170
6.1
1984
45,110
7.0
6,164,201
1.2
1985
48,529
7.6
1986
51,779
6.7
6,321,228
1.4
1987 54,431 5.1
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Sources: Through 1980, US. Census. For County, each subsequent year, Brunswick County Planning
Department. For State for 1984, North Carolina Department of Administration.
Information in Table I indicates that, when compared to the State as a whole, Brunswick
County has gained population at a rapid rate. In fact, according to the Office of State Budget
and Management, Brunswick County is the second fastest growing county (on a percentage
increase basis) in North Carolina.
Population changes in three (3) different ways: natural increase (births minus deaths), in -
migration (people moving into the area), and out -migration (people moving out of the
area). Brunswick County has experienced dramatic changes since 1960. The County had
large out -migrations until 1960, and large in -migrations since then.
From 1960 to 1985, 77% of Brunswick County's population increase has been due to in -
migration. Of a total increase of 21.9-%6 persons during the twenty-five year period, 18,521
were persons that moved into the county. Table II provides a specific breakdown
explaining how population change has occurred in the County.
POPULATION GROWTH DYNAMICS
Out- In -
Ten year Popu- Natural Migra-Migra-
eg od Census lation + or - Increase tion tion
1930
15,815
1940
17,125
1930-40
+1,310
2,709 1,399
1950
19,238
1940-50 +2,113
3,509
1,396
1960
20,278
1950-60
+1,040
3,752 2,712
1970
24,223
1960-70
+3,945
2,524 1,421
1980
35,777
1970-80
+11,554
2,897 8,657
Five Year Period
1985 over 1980 48,529 +12,752 1,134 11,618
Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, Brunswick County Planning Department Population Estimate for 1985
and North Carolina Department of Human Resources Division of Vital Statistics
Population Distribution
Not all portions of the County are growing at the same rate. From 1980 to 1986, population
growth in Shallotte and Lockwood Folly Townships was most dramatic. Both townships
grew liom 1980 to 1986 at a considerably faster rate than the County as a whole.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 9

The most rapidly growing areas of the County continue to be the beach communities and
the mainland along the rivers and the Intracoastal Waterway. The Planning Department
estimates that from 1980 to 1986, the then existing beach communities, six in number
(Sunset Beach, Ocean Isle Beach, Yaupon Beach, Long Beach, Holden Beach and Caswell
Beach), grew in permanent resident population at a collective rate of 64%. The unincorpo-
rated area of the County lying south of U.S.17 and generally west of the Lockwood Folly
River has also experienced considerable residential growth since 1980. Because of this
growth, the Town of Shallotte is emerging as a strong trade center for the western part of
the County. The Leland/Belville/Navassa area is also sustaining considerable growth. In
addition, the Southport -Oak Island area continues to experience residential and commer-
cial growth.
Map I identifies township and unincorporated municipal boundaries within the County.
Tables III and IV show population growth in these jurisdictions.
POPULATION GROWTH BY TOWNSHIP
1980 -1987
CHANGE
Township 1980 1987 Number Percent
Lockwood Folly
7,361
11,903
4,542
62
Northwest
6,136
8,299
2,163
35
Shallotte
6,542
12,141
5599
86
Smithville
6,838
9,308
2,470
36
Town Creek
6,878
10,094
3,216
47
Waccamaw
2,022
2,686
664
33
TOTAL
35,777
54,431
18,654
52
Source: 1980 Census of Population
1986 Population Estimates by Brunswick County Planning Department
There are fourteen (14) incorporated municipalities in Brunswick County. Long Beach,
Southport, and Ocean Isle Beach showed the greatest numerical increase in population,
though several communities have had rather large percentage increases in population.
Page 10 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

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TOWNSHIP AND
MUNICIPAL
BOUNDARIES
LEGEND
u> Municipality
••••• Township
source: Brunswick county
Planning Department
BRUNS%MCK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
Edward D. Stone, Jr. and Associates Brun«%ick Counh• Und Use Plan

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TABLE IV
MUNICIPAL POPULATION GROWTH
1
1980-1987
1980
1987
Bald Head Island•
26
Belville
102
104
Boiling Spring Lakes.
998
1595
Bolivia
Calabash
252
128
272
212
Caswell Beach
110
319
Holden Beach
232
353
Long Beach
1844
2890
Navassa
439
526
Ocean Isle Beach
143
528
Shallotte
680
895
Southport
2824
3148
Sunset Beach
304
629
Yaupon Beach
569
746
TOTAL
8,625
12,243
•Incorporated May,1985
Source: 1980 Census of Population
1986 Brunswick County Planning Department Estimates
Between 1980 and 1987, about four -fifths (80.5%) of population growth in Brunswick
County occurred in the unincorporated part of the County. In the 1980 Census, 76% of total
permanent population was reported in the unincorporated areas outside of the municipali-
ties. In 1986 it is estimated that 77% of the total permanent population was located in the
unincorporated areas of the County.
Population and Housing
As population has been increasing in Brunswick County, so has the number of permanent
and seasonal housing units. Table V exhibits housing growth between 1980 and 1987.
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IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 11

TABLE V
HOUSING GROWTH BY TOWNSHIP
HOUSING UNITS
CHANGE
Township
1980
1987
Number
Percent
Lockwood Folly
5,636
9,052
3,416
61
Northwest
2,451
3,303
852
35
Shallotte
4,701
9,445
4,744
101
Smithville
5,450
7,908
2,458
45
Town Creek
2,574
3,778
1,204
47
Waccamaw
747
991
244
33
TOTAL
21,559
34,477
12,918
60
Source: Population and Housing Counts, 1980-1987, Brunswick
County, NC Planning Department. April 1987.
Population and housing growth for the 1980-1986 period is summarized in Table VI.
TABLE VI
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
POPULATION AND HOUSING GROWTH
1980-1987
Total
Permanent
Seasonal
Housing
Housing
Housing
Year Population
Units
11ftanit
1980 35,777
21,565
12,411
9,154
1981 37,436
22,751
12,983
9,768
1982 39,748
24,409
13,783
10,626
1983 42,170
25,936
14,699
11,237
1984 45,110
28,179
15,662
12,517
1985 48,522
30,649
16,857
13,792
1986 51,772
32,551
17,920
14,331
1987 54,431
34,477
18,926
15,551
1980-
1987
Increase 18,654
12,912
6,515
6,397
1980-
1987
Percent
Increase 52
60
52
70
*Mobile Homes are not counted as seasonal housing units.
Source: Population and Housing Counts, 1980-1987, Brunswick County,
NC Planning Department
Page 12 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

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Age Breakdown
Age characteristics are important because they give an indication of likely future school
enrollments, future housing needs, the anticipated market for certain retail goods and
various other community facilities. Table VII exhibits historical trends in the population
of various age groups from 1940 to 1980.
HISTORIC PICTURE.OF PERCENTAGES OF VARIOUS AGE GROUPS OF
BRUNSWICK COUNTY'S POPULATION
Age Cron 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Under 5
11.6
13.1
12.0
9.6
7.3
5 through 14
24.8
23.2
24.1
21.5
17.4
15 through 19
11 A
9.9
9.5
9.6
9.0
20 through 24
9.0
7.3
5.5
7.6
7.6
25 through 44
25.0
25.9
23.7
22.7
27.0
45 through 64
13.7
14.7
18.0
20.6
21.0
65 and over
41
59
L22
$4
2
TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%100.0%
POPULATION 17,125 19,238 20,278 24,223 35,777
Source: U.S. Census of Population 1940-1980
Between 1970 and 1980, the percentage of Brunswick County's population that was 65 years
or older increased from 8.4% to 10.7%. This represents an actual increase from 2,035 persons
in 1970 to 3,828 persons in 1980, an 88.1% increase. In addition, the pre-school and school
age population (9-19 years) decreased from 40.7% of the population in 1970 to 33.7% of the
population in 1980. However, this represented an actual increase in population in their age
bracket from 9,858 persons in 1970 to 12,057 persons. in 1980; a 22.3% increase.
In March, 1986, the School of Agriculture and Life Sciences of North Carolina State
University released a study which reported that, of the 100 counties in North Carolina,
Brunswick County had the largest percent increase in the 65-plus population for the decade
from 1970 to 1980.
1.2.1(b) Economy
The economy of Brunswick County is constantly undergoing change. This change affects
the population in numbers, in density, level of service required, and in the economic well-
being of each person. In a purely free market system, the economy - and the profit motive
- has a direct impact on land development. Governments, through such tools as utility
expansion policies, zoning and subdivision ordinances, highway construction and im-
provements, grants and loans for industrial development and taxes, can guide or influence
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 13

development. For these reasons, it is important that the economy of Brunswick County be
examined and understood.
Economic Sectors and Employment
Brunswick County's economy has changed from one that was based on agriculture and
manufacturing to a much more diverse economy with tourism, retirement and industry
playing the more significant roles.
One indicator of diversification of the County's economy is the shift in the percentage of
workers employed in manufacturing. This can be illustrated by an examination of
information from the North Carolina Employment Security Commission in the number of
insured workers in Brunswick County (Table VIII).
0
PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS* EMPLOYED BY MAIOR CATEGORY
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
1975 -1984
PERCENT'*
Year Total Workers
MFG
TCU
Trade
Const
1975 5,147
69%
8%
21%
2%
1976 5,408
62
11
21
-
6
1977 5,879
57
18
19
6
1978 6,238
53
20
21
6
1979 6,228
52
21
21
6
1980 6,864
47
21
21
11
1981 6,183
56
17
20
7
-
1982 6,601
47
23
24
6
1983 6,881
43
26
24
7
1984 7,571
34
26
26
9
*North Carolina Insured Workers
** MFG - Manufacturing
TCU - Transportation, Communications & Utilities
CONST - Construction
,
Source: NC Employment Security Commission and Resources Development Commission of Brun
swick County
From 1975 to 1984, the total number of insured workers increased by 47.1 %. However, the
number of persons employed in manufacturing actually dropped from 3,551 persons in
1971 to 2,574 persons in 1984. Correspondingly, the other three categories of workers
assumed a more prominent role in the County's economy.
The most current information on employment in Brunswick County is available from the '
North Carolina Employment Security Commission. Reports are issued quarterly on the
number of insured employees by major occupation. A summary of information from 1983 ,
for Brunswick County and North Carolina is presented in Table IX.
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1
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_ I_
INSURED EMPLOYMENT BY MATOR CATEGORY
BRUNSWICK COUNTY & NORTH CAROLINA
BY PERCENTAGE
1983
Category
Forestry & Fishing
Construction
Mining
Manufacturing
Transportation, Communications
and Utilities
Wholesale & Retail
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate
Services
Government
Brunswick
North
Coun1y
Carolina
0.3%
0.7%
5.9
4.7
-
0.2
33.7
33.7
15.5
14.1
2.4
7.8
20.3
NOR
4.8
21.6
4.0
13.9
16.4
I0 1
Source: NC Employment Security Commission Quarterly Insured Employee Reports
Brunswick County's dependence on manufacturing (principally DuPont and Pfizer), the
presence of the Carolina Power and Light Company Power Plant and the Sunny Point
Military Terminal are reflected in the percentages of the above table. Conversely, the fact
that much retail and service business in Brunswick County is accommodated by Wilming-
ton and Myrtle Beach is reflected by the lower than state-wide average of employment in
the retailing and service industries.
The contributions to the economy of most of the activities are reported by annual payroll.
The exceptions are: Agriculture, reported by cash receipt of products and government
payments; forestry, value of harvested trees; commercial fishery, value of catch; and
tourism, expenditures by tourist.
The true contributions of each activity go beyond the reported amount as the monies
received. are used over and over. For example, a person employed in manufacturing uses
part of his pay to purchase food. The store owner would use part of this income to pay his
employees who, in turn, spend a portion of their income for more goods. This process
continues until, at some point after being used by many persons within the County, that one
manufacturing employee's paycheck finally leaves the County or is placed into savings.
Table X illustrates the magnitude of the financial impact of two major sectors of Brunswick
County's economy.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 15

TABLE X
ECONOMIC IMPACT (SELECTED YEARS)
Travel Total Wages Total Value
Expenditures by Manu-
of Seafood
Year
(Tourism)*" fa ring!
Catches*
1978
$54,446,000
$3,432,800
1980
64,104,295
5,420,900
1982
68,870,444
3,261,860
1983
72,861,498
3,548,900
1984
$98,429,000 74,482,039
3,592,649
1986 $121,117,000
Source: Data supplied by Resources Development Commission of Brunswick County.
** Travel and Tourism Division, North Carolina Department of Commerce.
Unemployment
Unemployment has typically been somewhat higher in Brunswick County than many
other parts of the state. Since 1980, the average annual rate has ranged from 8.6% to 14.1 %
in 1983. In July and August of 1983, the rate hit a high of 15.5%.
Income
The U.S. Bureau of Census collects income information during each census. Income
information is most commonly expressed by per capita income or median family income.
Because of inflation during the 1970s, the comparison of 1970 to 1980 figures is generally
meaningless. However, it is useful to compare Brunswick County's income figures from
the two censuses to those for North Carolina and the United States (Table XI). This analysis
provides an indication of the relative wealth of Brunswick County in comparison to other
areas.
PER CAPITA INCOME
1970,1975 aV 1980 qo Increase
1970 1975 Increase 1980 1975-1980
Brunswick
Co. $2,363 $3,398 44% $5,981 76%
North
Carolina 3,220 4,860 51 7,780 62
United States 3,943 5,834 48 8,458 67
Source: 1970 and 1980 Census of Population
1975 data from NC Data Center
The per capita income information for the United States, North Carolina and Brunswick
County shows that all three have been increasing at nearly the same rates. Between 1970
Page 16 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Bnmswick County Planning Board I

and 1975, Brunswick County showed the lowest increase of the three entities. However,
' from 1975 to 1980, Brunswick County was the leader in the percent increase in per capita
income. Despite that fact, Brunswick County is still lagging behind North Carolina and the
United States in per capita income. In fact, over the 1970 decade, the gap between the
amounts of per capita income reported for North Carolina, the United States, and Brun-
swick County is widening. In 1970, Brunswick County per capita income was $1,580 less
I
than the per capita income for the United States and in 1975 it was $2,436 less. In 1980 the
gap widened even further to $2,477.
Retail Sales
Retail sales are an important component of any area's economy. According to the 1980
Census of Population,1,942 persons were employed in retail sales. Compared to the state
as a whole, food, general merchandise, and building materials were the strongest catego-
ries in Brunswick County in 1983-84. This reflects the strength of the tourism/second home
industry and growth of the construction industry in the County. Information in Table XII
indicates the growth of retail sales in Brunswick County in recent years.
TABLE XII
GROSS RETAIL SALES BREAKDOWN
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
1980 -1985
Percent
Year Amount Increase
1980-81 $132,348,008
1981-82 139,609,055 5.5%
1982-83 155,162,055 11.1
1983-84 190,262,478 22.6
1984-85 225,478,379 18.5
Source:. NC Department of Revenue, Sales & Use Tax Division
Agriculture
Agriculture is of declining importance to the overall economy of Brunswick County. In the
year 1983, $26,000,000 was earned from agricultural products in the County. Tobacco
accounted for 28% of that total or just over $7.4 million in income. According to the U.S.
Department of Agriculture 1982 Census of Agriculture, 61,325 acres of the County were in
farms. This represented about 11.1 % of the total land area in Brunswick County. Table ?CtiI
exhibits the declining number of operating farms in the County.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 17

BRUNSWICK COUNTY FARMS
1980 and 1984
1_980 1984 Change in Percent
2666 2222 -17%
Source: Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Service
The overall decrease in farms is part of a national trend. It is due in large part to the
consolidation of smaller farms into more profitable larger farming operations. In addition,
in the coastal part of the County there has been substantial conversion of agricultural land
to residential use. In 1950 nearly 52 percent of the County's population were listed in the
census as farm population. By 1980 that percentage had decreased to 4 percent.
Tourism
Tourism is becoming an increasingly important part of Brunswick County's economy.
According to the North Carolina Division of Travel and Tourism, over $98 million was
spent by tourists in Brunswick County during 1984. This ranked the County twelfth in the
State. In 1982, money spent by tourists accounted for about one of every six dollars spent
on retail sales in the County. Statewide, the ratio was only one of every twelve dollars.
Seafood
The seafood industry is of variable but overall decreasing importance to the economy of
Brunswick County. In 1983, for example, the dollar value for fish, clams, oysters, shrimp
and flounder landed in Brunswick County was $3.5 million. In 1980 the value of seafood
landed in the County was $6.3 million.
Retirees
Brunswick County is developing into an area for retirees. The County's relatively mild
winter climate, nearness to major northern cities (as compared to Florida) and slow-paced
lifestyle all have contributed to this growing trend. Data presented in the population
section (and briefly reiterated in Table XIV) reveals the trend toward an increasing number
of elderly in the Brunswick County population.
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TABLE XIV
PERCENT OF COUNTY POPULATION 65 YEARS AND OVER
1970 and 1980
No. of Persons Percent of
Year 65 and Over Total Population
1970 1,728 7.1 %
1980 3,835 10.8%
1987 6,083 123%
' Source: US. Census of Population; 1970 and 1980: N.C. OSMB 1987 Estimates
A high percentage of the population in several of the incorporated municipalities is age 65
and over. Most notable are Caswell Beach (24.1%), Yaupon Beach (20.3%) and Navassa
(12.1%). The unincorporated area is also attracting a large number of retirees.
While it is common knowledge that there are a large number of retirees in Brunswick
County, it is difficult to precisely measure their economic impact on the County. Many of
the retirees moving into Brunswick County tend to be in relatively good financial condition;
usually with stable incomes. In a typical situation, a retired couple will sell a house in an
out -of -county residence and then pay cash for a residence in Brunswick County.
One way to measure the financial impact of retirees on Brunswick County's economy is to
examine information from the Social Security Administration on the number of retirees in
the County and the average amount of their monthly checks. The totals in Table XV include
not only retirees, but survivors (widows or widowers and children) and disabled workers.
In 1982, retirees comprised 60.2% of the total number of recipients of Social Security checks
in Brunswick County.
PERSONS RECEIVING SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS FROM BRUNSWICK COUNTY
Percent of
Monthly
Estimated
Num-
County
Average
Annual
Year
ber
Population
Amt./Person
Amount
1970
3384
14.0%
94.54
3,839,080
1972
3870
13.6
133.89
6,217,850
1974
4475
13.4
156.23
8,389,550
1976
5030
233
187.29
11,304,825
1978
5573
16.1
221.31
14,800,325
1980
6020
16.9
294.95
21,307,190
1982
6470
13.8
323.49
25,115,760
1984
7094
15.7
352.76
30,029,735
Source: Social Security Administration
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 19

Commuting
There is considerable committing of workers from county to county for employment. There ,
are two basic reasons for this. First, many people secure attractive employment at a
considerable distance from their residence but, because of their spouse's employment,
home ownership situation, having children in school or a basic reluctance to leave their
home community, they do not relocate. Secondly, even though the data shows a large
number of persons commuting between New Hanover and Brunswick Counties, in
actuality many workers are driving only five or ten miles or less. This is because the DuPont
plant (located in Brunswick County) is very near Wilmington. Conversely, there is a sizable
number of persons that reside in the Navassa/Belville/Leland area of Brunswick County, '
but are very near major employers in New Hanover County. Table XVI exhibits the number
of workers commuting fromnearby counties to Brunswick County for employmentin 1980.
TABLE XVI
TOURNEY TO WORK COMMUTING
1980
COMMUTING TO BRUNSWICK COUNTY
From County Number
Bladen
153
'
Columbus
681
Duplin
47
New Hanover
1,941
Onslow
9
Pender
183
Horry County, SC
171
TOTAL
3,185
TOTAL LABOR FORCE 11,926
1
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Table XVII exhibits the number of Brunswick County residents who were commuting to
' nearby counties for employment in 1986.
TABLE XVH
COMMUTING FROM BRUNSWICK COUNTY
' To CoMIY-Number
Bladen 34
' Columbus 430
New Hanover 2,379
Onslow 9
Pender 42
Horry County, SC 330
Other 471
TOTAL 3,224
Source: U.S. Census of Population,1980.
Approximately the same number of persons enter the County as leave it daily for work
(3,185 entered and 3,224 left). New Hanover County has the largest exchange of workers
with Brunswick County, with about 2,400 leaving the County to work in New Hanover and
just over 1,900 coming to Brunswick County from New Hanover County.
The Ad Valorem Tax Base and Revenues
Local government depends upon taxation as a rim source of revenue for operations,
g P P P az'Y P
services, and facilities. For local government, counties, and towns, the major portion of
their revenue comes from taxes levied upon real property, personal property, and public
utilities. The three components are known as the Ad Valorem Tax Base.
' Other than this tax base, Brunswick County receives revenue from sources such as state and
federal grants, sales tax, court fines, and interest on County funds deposited in financial
institutions.
All considerations for current and future provisions for services and facilities must be based
on anticipated revenue, especially from the Ad Valorem Tax Base, since this is the primary
source of revenue and the only source that can be considered payment. Therefore, in
planning for services and facilities to meet needs and demands of the population, the tax
rbase must be analyzed to determine its growth rate and stability.
The total tax base of Brunswick County has grown at a rapid rate since the early 1960s. This
rapid increase has been the result of a general increase in land values and new construction,
as Table XVM indicates. Since 1980 the tax base has increased from $1.72 billion to over
$2.21 billion in 1985.
IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 21

TABLE XVIII
BRUNSWICK COUNTY TAX BASE
Year Base
t
1962 66,745,740
1967 104,909,600
1973 556,415,240
1980 1,728,506,000
'
1985 2,213,215,000
1986 3,821,000,000
'
1.2.1(c) Impact of Seasonal Population
Estimating the peak day population is important for purposes of planning the construction
'
and expansion of various community facilities. A dramatic temporary increase in popu-
lation can severely strain government's ability to provide utilities, solid waste collection
and public safety services.
Brunswick County has a distinct seasonal population. The tourist season generally runs
from approximately Easter to late October. The Fourth of July, the date of the State Parade
in Southport, is traditionally called, the peak day in Brunswick County, although some
years the actual peak day may come as early as Easter or as late as Labor Day.
In 1986 the Planning Department estimates that the County's peak day population was
about 152,000. Recent State studies have shown that the peak day population is almost the
average day for at least a four month season which can be expected to expand to a six month
season. Mi
A formula was developed by the Planning Department in 1983 to estimate peak seasonal
population. Essentially this formula (based on 1980 census information) assumes a higher
household size in the seasonal housing units nearer the coast than further inland. For
example, seasonal units in the beach communities are assumed to have (8) eight persons per
seasonal unit whereas those census enumeration districts more inland were assumed to
have a persons per seasonal unit rate equal to the average permanent household size.
Seasonal population is tabulated on an enumeration district basis.
For purposes of estimating seasonal population, it is assumed that all seasonal units are
occupied during the peak period. The formula for determining peak population is as '
follows:
PkP = (p/su x su) + PP I
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1
Where:
PkP = peak population
p/su = persons per seasonal unit
su = seasonal units
PP = permanent population
Between 1980 and 1986, 5,177 seasonal housing units were added in Brunswick County, as
compared to 5,059 permanent units added (see Table VI). A substantial number of these
units were mobile homes. A Planning Department summary of permit activity for the
1 unincorporated area of the County for the period of July 15,1985 through December 31,
1985 indicated that 66 percent of all housing added was mobile homes (628 out of 954).
Clearly, the impact of a large seasonal population has a profound and dramatic impact on
the County. Community facilities and services have to be designed and operated to meet
peak seasonal demand, in addition to the demand created by the permanent population.
1.2.2 Existing Land Use Analysis
Purpose
' The existing Land Use Survey and'Analysis serves a number of useful functions. The
primary function is to provide a "snapshot" of development patterns, and a basis for
determining growth trends over time. The survey identifies where development has
' occurred, what kind of development it is, and at what density. The survey also shows the
relationships between different kinds of land use, and whether or not they are compatible.
I
0
n
Current land use information is fundamental to the preparation of a land use plan. Not only
is the survey helpful in preparing growth and development policies, but it is also useful in
identifying, for example, where it may be cost effective to provide public services, such as
water and sewer. Accurate information on existing land use can also be helpful in making
changes to an existing zoning ordinance, or in providing new zoning where none was
present before.
Data provided by the survey is also useful to both the public and private sectors in
considering specific development proposals. For the public sector, the land use survey can
assist in siting a school or park, while in the private sector, the information might be helpful
in locating a future shopping center or residential development.
Methodology
During the spring of 1985, the County Planning Department conducted a parcel by parcel
survey of existing land use in Brunswick County. Existing land use in the municipalities
of Calabash, Shallotte, Bolivia, Navassa, Boiling Spring Lakes, Belville, and Sunset Beach
was also catalogued. Existing land use information for the incorporated municipalities in
the County was obtained from the respective municipalities and is discussed in the
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 23

following text but omitted in the Existing Land Use Map found at the back of this Plan. Tax
maps at a scale of one inch equals four hundred feet were used as base maps.
This section presents a discussion and analysis of the existing land use in the County on a
township by township basis. Particular attention is paid to those areas that have recently
experienced growth or are likely to experience growth in the foreseeable future. Special
emphasis will be placed on identifying significant land compatibility problems and those
areas that are now or are likely to experience problems due to unplanned growth.
Overview
Brunswick County is a very rapidly growing county. In the past seven years, population
has grown from 35,777 to 54,431. The majority of this growth has occurred in the south
portion of Lockwood Folly Township and Shallotte Township. The heaviest concentra-
tions of recently platted lots are adjacent to the Shallotte River and Lockwood Folly River
and along the Intracoastal Waterway.
The County is changing from a largely rural, somewhat sparsely populated County to one
with moderate to relatively high concentrations of residential development. The incorpo-
rated beach areas (Sunset Beach, Ocean Isle, Holden Beach and Oak Island) have all
developed rapidly. In addition to the aforementioned growth in Shallotte Township and
Lockwood Folly Township, some growth is taking place in the Southport/Oak Island area
as well as the area adjacent to the Cape Fear River north of the U.S.17/74-76 bridge link to
Wilmington.
Most of this growth is in the form of low to moderate density development with a scattering
of commercial land uses in the form of convenience stores, restaurants, and recreation/
tourist related commercial activities.
The following section is a township by township analysis of the existing land use. Particular
attention is paid to discussing those areas that have recently undergone change or are likely
to experience growth and change in the next five year period.
Lockwood Folly Township
By its size alone, the land use in this Township is diverse. The southern part of the township,
particularly sections next to the Intracoastal Waterway and the Shallotte River and
Lockwood Folly River, is rapidly developing into a low and moderate density residential
area. Retirement and second -home subdivision development has been considerable in
recent years.
There are several small communities in the township that provide limited commercial
services to a small surrounding area. The community of Varnumtown located along the
west shore of the Lockwood Folly River contains a concentration of residences, several
convenience or general stores, and at least three fishing operations. Supply, an unincorpo-
L
U
Page 24 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board
n

rated village located at the intersection of U.S. 17 and N.C. 211, serves as a trading center
for a rural agricultural area in the central part of the County. Shallotte, an incorporated
municipality of about 900 inhabitants, serves as a "sub -regional" trade center for the
' southwestern part of Brunswick County. Shallotte has experienced considerable commer-
cial growth, particularly retailing and service -related activities. Some of this growth has
extended outside the corporate limits of the Town along U.S. 17 both east and west and
1 southward along N.C.179 and N.C.130. The other commercial area in the township is a
strip of resort/residential land uses immediately across from Holden Beach on N.C.130.
' Most of the central part of the township, generally along the U.S. 17 corridor, consists of
farmland and forested areas. The northern part of the township is very sparsely developed.
That area is almost exclusively forested or swampland. The Green Swamp (owned by the
Nature Conservancy) is located in this area.
The rapid growth in this area resulted in numerous land compatibility problems in the
township. Perhaps the most notable example is the causeway to Holden Beach (N.C.130).
There are several examples of incompatible land uses (residential and commercial uses
' intermixed). In addition, this strip of road is a particularly noteworthy example of too
many access points to N.C. 130, seriously reducing the capacity of the road during peak
periods.
' Northwest Township
tThis Township is relatively urbanized with considerable industrial development near the
Cape Fear River and also near the intersection of U.S.17/74-76. There has been consider-
able residential and commercial development in the area; much of it along old 74-76 in the
Navassa area. Another cluster of development is located in the Northwest Community.
This community serves as a trade center for the extreme northern part of the County.
' This area has been growing at a moderately rapid rate. Many areas of the township have
a large number of mobile homes on small parcels of property. In some cases there are very
' small to virtually non-existent side or rear yards. This leads to very congested living
conditions. The lack of land development regulations has resulted in haphazard residential
development in many parts of the Leland area.
1 Because of this area's proximity to Wilmington, and its access to rail, water, air and highway
transportation, there appears to be considerable potential for future development in the
' township.
' Shallotte Township
Shallotte Township has experienced the most significant growth and change in land use of
all the townships in Brunswick County. Considerable residential and resort -related
development has occurred in Shallotte Township. Most of this growth is adjacent to the
Intracoastal Waterway and near the Shallotte River. Much of this resort -type development
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 25

is actually an extension of growth that is spreading northward from Myrtle Beach. Several
golf courses, condominiums and commercial resort -related activities have located in the
Calabash/Sunset Beach/Ocean Isle Beach area.
The northern part of the township, generally the area along U.S.17 running northward to
the Waccamaw River, is predominantly farmland or forest. There has been relatively little
development or significant change in land use in this area in recent years. Grissettown and
Thomasboro are the principal communities in the northern part of the township.
The resort -related growth in the southern part of the township has caused a number of cases
of incompatible land uses. For example, there are many cases were commercial and
residential land uses are intermixed, in other cases, an excessive number of access points
to heavily used roads has contributed to the congestion and danger. This situation is most
acute along N.C.179 in many areas from the South Carolina state line to near Shallotte.
Smithville Township
Smithville Township is a diverse township with industrial, commercial, agricultural,
moderate density residential development and considerable vacant or forested land.
The Carolina Power & Light Nuclear Plan and Pfizer are two significant industrial uses,
both located adjacent to the Cape Fear River. There is substantial commercial development
alongNC 211 and NC 133 in the Southport/Oak Island area. Much of this development has
taken place very recently. In light of the recent, considerable population growth in the
immediate area, it appears likely that commercial growth will continue to take place in the
area; especially along NC 133 from its intersection with NC 211 to the Oak Island Bridge.
There are two large vacant areas that would appear to be excellent prospects for large-scale
residential development; one is a large area which lies south of NC 211 and west of NC 133.
The other is a somewhat small area lying south and east of that same intersection. Al though
in both cases some of the land is poorly drained, it is likely that, because of pressure in this
part of the County, much of this land will be developed in the next five years.
The most prominent example of problems causes by inadequate land management controls
is .the land use adjacent to NC 133 from its western intersection with NC 211 to the Oak
Island Bridge. Lack of land development regulations has resulted in numerous situations
of intermixing of residential and commercial land uses. There are also a large number of
access points to the highway. This large number of access points reduces the capacity of the
road. During "rush hours" or high visitation weekends, traffic becomes rather congested
on this road.
Town Creek Township
Town Creek Township land use is predominantly rural or low density residential. There
are several industrial and commercial land uses at the extreme northern edge of the
Page 26 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

township along U.S.17 and 74-76. Population growth in the township has been nearly as
rapid as the County as a whole.
' However, except from the Boiling Spring Lakes area in the southern part of the township,
growth has been relatively scattered, not actually concentrating in any specific area. Aside
from Boiling Spring Lakes, the other principal incorporated community is Bolivia. Winna-
' bow, located north of Bolivia, just off US 17, also serves as a trade center for a small portion
of the central part of the County.
' Much of the land in the Township is either in commercial forests or vacant. Lands adjacent
to the Cape Fear River tend to be low-lying, flood -prone and thereby unsuitable for
' extensive development.
At present there are few, if any, significant land compatibility problems due to develop-
ment in this township. As mentioned earlier, most of the development in the township has
been relatively scattered and rather low density.
IWaccamaw Township
This Township, located in the northwestern part of the County, has experienced the least
' growth and change of any township since 1980. For the most part, uses in this Township
tend to be agricultural, forestry, and low density residential development. Lands in the
' northeastern corner of the township are generally swampy and not suitable for any type of
development. Population growth since 1980 has been at a rate only about one-half of the
County's rate during the same time.
Because of the relatively sparse development in this Township, there are no significant
cases of unplanned development causing major compatibility problems. It is unlikely that
' any significant development will occur in the foreseeable future that will cause major land
compatibility problems.
I
Land Use Issues and Trends
Most of the major problems in the County regarding land use compatibility stem from a
mixing of residential and non-residential uses in the small, unincorporated communities.
Throughout the public participation process for this plan update, residents have expressed
' a strong desire to improve and strengthen the County's land use controls in order to avoid
incompatible land uses and the other problems associated from unplanned or haphazard
development.
' Over the past seven years some prominent land use/development trends have been
identified in Brunswick County. Foremost is the northward extension of Myrtle Beach
associated residential subdivision development into the southern coastal area of Brun-
swick County. The cost of beachfront property in Brunswick County escalates with its
proximity to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 27

In this more developed and developing area of the County, since 1980 there has been a trend
to larger lots than were platted between 1960 and 1980. Generally these lots are 17,500 !
square feet on average when private wells and individual wastewater treatment systems
are used. Where public water is being provided by the developer to tie onto the County's
new major public water system which has been in place since 1981, new lots are averaging '
12,000 square feet. There is further a growing trend for developers to install a central
wastewater treatment system. Even in those cases, most lots are being platted at 12,000 '
square feet or larger.
In recent years the number of small, large -lot subdivisions off of small portions of farm
holdings has grown. Small farms, randomly scattered throughout the County, are being
subdivided into lots usually ranging from one-half to one acre in size.
There has been a noted increase in golf course and associated residential development ,
along or near the Intracoastal Waterway through Brunswick County. There are currently
eleven existing courses with others under construction. Most of these golf course/residen-
tial developments are within five miles of the Intracoastal Waterway. Also on the increase
along the waterway are condominium, multi -family and marina development.
r
A final land use trend of note is the marketing and sale of large landholdings of forestlands
ownedby the paper companies. This activity has given rise to tremendous land speculation
in these areas. '
1.2.3 Current Plans, Policies and Regulations '
As a means of coordinating the various planning activities of Federal, State and local
government in Brunswick County, a summary of important plans, policies and regulations
is included here.
1.2.3(a) Local Government I
Plans and Policies
1976 Brunswick County Land Use Plan - This was the first countywide Land Use Plan
prepared under the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). This plan
was adopted by the Board of County Commissioners and the North Carolina Coastal
Resources Commission.
1981 North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act Land Use Plan Update - This 5-year '
update was also adopted by both the Board of County Commissioners and by the North
Carolina Coastal Resources Commission. Policies were formulated and adopted for '
dealing with land planning issues which affect the county. These policies establish a
systematic basis by which decisions are made regarding the growth and development of
Brunswick County. '
Page 28 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

Regulations
! Zoning
At this time, there is no zoning of the lands under the county's jurisdiction. This matter will
be dealt with under Policies. There is airport zoning.
1 Subdivision Regulations
Brunswick County has had a Subdivision Ordinance since 1974, with the one currently in
' place having been adopted in June, 1980. This ordinance has few requirements or
standards. Private roads are permitted; there is no minimum lot size.
Under such conditions, the Planning Board has played a major persuasive role in guiding
subdivision development through a series of policies and a formal design review process.
Among Planning Board policies is a required review session with the official agent of each
subdivision proposal. This review session is conducted by the Planning Department and
' brings the applicant to a collective one-on-one setting with the Planning Department, a
Sanitarian from the Health Department, a U. S. Soil Conservationist, the County Soil
Scientist/Hydrologist, and a representative of the N.C. Department of Transportation, for
full report and comment. By far, the majority of proposals are reworked as a result of this
review session, before proceeding to the Planning Board for formal consideration. On
occasion as needed, other areas of expertise and authority are brought into this review
' process, such as the Corps of Engineers, various persons and offices under the umbrella of
the N.C. Department. of Natural Resources and Community Development, the County
' Engineer, the County Water Management/Mosquito Control Director, and the County
Resources (Economic) Development Director.
Site Plan Review
Since 1981, the Planning Board has had a policy calling upon persons who plan to construct
' larger commercial facilities or higher density residential projects to voluntarily submit their
site plans for review and comment. This policy has proven effective with approximately
85% of these types of development proposals going through such review and comment.
State Building Code
' In April,1985, the Board of County Commissioners adopted Ordinance No. 62, calling for
a fullprogram of administration and enforcement of allvolumes of the State Building Code.
The Planning Director was charged with establishing this function, which is housed in the
Planning Department. Basic staffing was completed by July 1, 1985, and an active
administration and enforcement program is the result. Current staffing is an Officer
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 29

Operator, a Secretary, and five Inspectors. Two planners supplement operational needs
during periods of intensive activity.
Wastewater Treatment Regulation
The Environmental Health Section of the Health Department administers and enforces
State law over septic tank systems. The Environmental Management Division of the N.C.
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development exercises authority over
other wastewater treatment systems, in a growing working relationship with the County
Engineering and Planning Departments.
Federal Flood Insurance Program
Also in April,1985, by Ordinance No. 62, the Board of County Commissioners charged the
Planning Director with administering and enforcing the Federal Flood Insurance Program
regulations.
Actual enforcement began in March,1986, following receipt of an acceptable set of final
Flood Insurance Rate Maps from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Since then,
not only are elevations required for any lot or acreage parcel which appears to be in one of
the 100-year flood boundaries, but detailed topography and elevations for each new lot in
any such areas are required through the subdivision process.
The second set of maps provided by F.E.M.A. of Floodway areas are also carefully enforced
through the review of applications for building permits and subdivision proposals.
1.2.3(b) State and Federal Government Licenses and Permits
STATE LICENSES AND PERMITS
Department of Natural - Permits to discharge to
Resources and surface waters or to operate
Community Development waste water treatment
Division of Environ- plants or oil discharge per -
mental Management mits; NPDES Permits,
(G.S.143-215).
- Permits for septic tanks with
a capacity over 3,000 gallons/
day (G.S. 143-215.3).
- Permits for withdrawal of
surface or ground waters in
capacity use areas (G.S.143-
215.15).
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- Permits for air pollution
abatements facilities and
sources (G.S.143-215.108).
- Permits for construction of
complex sources; e.g. parking
lots, subdivisions, stadiums,
etc. (G.S.143-215.109).
- Permits for construction of a
well over 100,000 gallons/
day (G.S. 87-88).
Division of - Permits to dredge and/or fill
Coastal Management in Areas of Environmental
Concern (G.S.113A-118).
NOTE: Minor development
permits for construction in the AECs
are issued by the local government.
Department of Natural - Permits to alter or construct
Resources and
a dam (G.S:143-215.66).
Community, Develop-
-
ment, Division of
- Permits to conduct geo-
Earth Resources
physical exploration (G.S.
113-391).
- Sedimentation erosion
control plans for any land
disturbing activity of over
one contiguous acre (G.S.
113A-54).
Department of - Permits to construct an oil
Natural Resources refinery.
Community Develop-
ment, Secretary of - Easements to fill where lands
NRCD are proposed to be
raised above the normal
high water mark of
navigable waters by filling.
(G.S. 146-6(c).
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 31

Department of
Human Resources
- Approval to operate a
solid waste disposal site
or facility (G.S. 130-166.16).
- Approval for construction
of any public water supply
facility that furnishes water
to ten or more residences
(G.S.130-160.1).
FEDERAL LICENSES AND PERMITS
Army Corps of -
Engineers (Department
of Defense)
Coast Guard
Geological Survey
Bureau of Land
Management (Depart -
Permits required under
Sections 9 and 10 of the
Rivers and Harbors of
1899; permits to construct
in navigable waters.
- Permits required under
Section 103 of the Marine
Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
- Permits required under
Section 404 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control
Act of 1972; permits to
undertake dredging and/
or filling activities.
- Permits for bridges,
causeways, (Department
of Transportation) pipelines
over navigable waters; re-
quired under the General
Bridge Act of 1946 and the
Rivers and Harbors Act of
1899.
- Deep water port permits.
- Permits required for off -
drilling.
ment of Interior) - Approvals of OCS pipeline
corridor rights -of -way.
Page 32 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

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Nuclear Regulatory - Licenses for siting, construc-
Commission lion, and operation of nuclear
power plants; re-
quired under the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 and Title
II of the Energy Reorganiza-
tion Act of 1974.
Federal Energy - Permits for construction,
Regulatory operation and maintenance
Commission of interstate pipelines
facilities required under the
Natural Gas Act of 1938.
- Orders of interconnection of
electric transmission facilities
under Section 202(b)
of the Federal Power Act.
Permission required for
abandonment of natural gas
pipeline and associated
facilities under Section 7C(b)
of the Natural Gas Act of 1938.
Licenses for non-federal
hydroelectric projects and
associates transmission lines
under Sections 4 and 15 of
the Federal Power Act.
1.2.3(c) Evaluation of Previous Land Use Plan Effectiveness
The last Update of the Brunswick County Land Use Plan was adopted in 1981. The
following is an evaluation by the County Planning Department of how that plan addressed
the major issues it identified and how successful the County has been in implementing the
policies recommended. For each section of the 1981 plan, the policy topics are listed
followed by a brief description of how effectively the policies were carried out.
1. Natural and Manmade Resources and their Protection.
Policies included: A. Estuarine System
(1) Coastal Wetlands
(2) Estuarine Waters
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 33

(3) Public Trust Area
(4) Estuarine Shorelines
B. Ocean Hazard Areas
C. Natural and Cultural Areas
(1) Unique Habitats
(2) Designated Coastal Complex Natural Areas
(3) Coastal Archaeological Features of more than local sig-
nificance.
(4) Type of development encouraged in (2) and (3).
No land uses have received County permissions of any nature that would be in conflict with
these policy statements. The 1981 CAMA Land Use Plan proved effective in the interim
period of time until this 1987 Update.
2. Physical Constraints to Development.
Policies included: A. Discourage growth where septic tanks won't work or there will
not be sewer systems in ten years.
B. Discourage growth where poor drainage exists unless correc-
tive measures can be taken.
C. Discourage growth where soils will not support the weight of
proposed structures.
D. It is to the County's interest to encourage mineral production
were deposits to be found.
E. Off -road vehicles discouraged on dunes.
F. Finger canals encouraged if properly designed and if marsh-
lands are protected.
No growth has received County permissions of any nature that would be in conflict with
these policy statements. The 1981 CAMA Land Use Plan proved effective in the interim
period of time until this 1987 Update.
3. Resource Production and Management.
Policies included: A. Support State measures to protect prime agricultural land.
B. Seek diversification in the forest/paper industry.
C. Support State and Federal measures to attempt to revive a
commercial fishing industry.
D. Actively support enhancement of recreational fishing.
The County has aggressively worked with local farm interests to help their situation. Large
farmland areas that were in active production in 1981 are fallow today due to economic
circumstances, but the lands are still there.
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Page 34 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

Meetings have occurred with the forestry/paper com an interests to encourage -
Scompany ge diversifi-
cation ' cation and particularly possible industrial side measures, including possible use of their
waste products in various recycling possibilities. No results have yet occurred.
' Commercial fishing has continued to be a lessening part of the economy, with the picture
unchanged since 1981.
' Recreation fishing has been growing. The State lists Brunswick County as having more
recreation boats listed than any other North Carolina county. The County has provided
funds and is an active agent to obtain off -shore fishing reefs and to support marina
proposals to further enhance the -recreational fishing industry.
4. Provision of Services for Development.
Policies included: A. Public water supply.
1 .
' B. Public sewerage facilities.
C. Solid Waste disposal.
D. Rescue Squad and Fire Protection.
E. Public school facilities.
F. Transportation.
' Starting the day following the State's adoption of the 1981 Plan Update, Brunswick County
has aggressively pursued provision of infrastructure for those population and growth
areas shown on the Land Classification Map.
In fact, major attention of County government has been to assure such infrastructure not
only for the short-term view of that 1981 Plan, but for an extended future period of time of
' growth and development.
' 5. Growth Patterns.
Policies included: A. Encourage development according to the Land Classification
' Map.
B. Require that adverse characteristics of possible conflicting land
uses be minimized as to impacts.
C. Seek housing and neighborhood improvements.
D. Support airport expansions.
E. Support and promote socially, physically, and environmen-
tally sound manufacturing and other industrial enterprise.
The County has indeed encouraged development to follow the classifications as shown in
the 1981 Update. However, development of more information has revealed errors in that
Plan. For instance, in the early 1980s, the first base maps of the County were prepared.
These maps for the first time showed numerous subdivisions with their thousands of lots
individually owned by people all over the nation in areas that had been shown rural. These
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 35

maps further revealed significant areas that had already developed to urban character that
had been shown rural. This 1987 Update corrects those situations.
Through a policy established by the Planning Board in August, 1981, which called for
voluntary exposure of plans for developments on any scale, approximately 85% of all plans
within the County's jurisdiction have been filed for review and comment, bringing about
a number of changes to make them more compatible with plans and policies.
The public infrastructure and all services have been designed to respond to and encourage
growth according to the Land Classification Map.
On numerous applications for State and Federal permissions, the County has spoken out
against them if they had possible incompatible characteristics. The County's economic
development program has carefully steered all interests considering possible industries to
look only at areas shown for such use by the Land Classification Map.
And the Land Classification Map became the basis for North Carolina Department of
Transportation's work in development of a Major Thoroughfare Plan.
The .County has been active agent in development of master plans for the airports, in
providing funds for their improvements, and prepared the airport zoning ordinance now
in effect over these two airports. Indeed, one of those airports had not been mentioned or
known of at the time of the development of the 1981 Plan.
6. Economic and Community Development
Policies included: A. Conserve and protect existing business and industry.
B. Encourage new enterprise.
C. Encourage tourism.
D. Support proposals for siting of energy facilities.
E. Support oil refinery location in County.
F. Encourage deepening and maintenance of all waterways,
particularly those closely associated with economic develop-
ment. -
G. Encourage beach nourishment.
H. Support enhancement of archaeological, architectural and
historic resources by relating them to tourism.
The County is vigilant in making these policies come true and they have worked effectively
since adoption of the 1981 Update.
7. Carrying Capacity - Possible Plan Adjustments
H.
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1
The Policy: The County pledges that if circumstances arise that preclude the possi-
bility within a ten year period of provision of an adequate support ,
Page 36 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board ,

' system for the growth projected, that it would cause may as changes be
g Y
necessary to the Plan.
This was a special Policy that the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission
p cy ass on required
' to be added to the Plan before they would adopt it.
Indeed, the County has been extremely vigorous and vigilant in assurance of necessary
public support system.
8. Continuing Public Participation.
The Policy: Opportunity for citizen and local government involvement in the land
use planning process will be provided.
The Countyhas bent over backwards to assure such opportunities are available.
PP Every
Agenda of the Planning Board on which this matter is listed is posted in at least three public
places, and advance copies sent to those news media requesting such service.
From time to time, workshops are called on special features of the Plan, or special issues,
or on the whole subject of the Plan. Public Hearings are also called. Not only are Notices
carried in those newspapers in general circulation in the County, but for each such event,
the Planning Director has mailed letters personally to approximately one hundred persons
representing various interests in the County, not only offering them the opportunity of
input, but also asking their active involvement.
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 37

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1.3 CONSTRAINTS; LAND SUITABILITY
The state has established guidelines relating to the land use plans required by CAMA.
These guidelines identify three factors which are to be considered regarding land
suitability constraints. The factors identified are: (1) physical limitations for development,
(2) fragile areas, and (3) areas with resource potential.
1.3.1 Physical Limitations for Development
Physical limitations for development involve areas where development would be costly or
cause undesirable consequences. Included are hazard areas, areas with soil limitations,
water supply sources, and areas where the slope exceeds 12%.
1.3.1(a) Natural Hazard Areas
In Brunswick County, natural hazard areas are areas of shallow flooding as well as areas
which are subject to wave velocity. The only ocean erodible area under County jurisdiction
is the area of the Baptist Assembly Grounds. That particular area has experienced historical
and unusual accretion rather than depletion of ocean front lands.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has designated flood hazard areas
in Brunswick County. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has prepared a map of Storm
Surge Inundation Areas for Brunswick County. This map is based on the Special Program
to List the Amplitude of Surge from Hurricanes (SPLASH) model. Because of the lack of
detailed topographical information on Brunswick County, both the FEMA Flood Insurance
Rate Map and the Storm Surge Inundation Map suffer a lack of precision and accuracy;
however, both do serve as a general guide as to where flooding could potentially occur.
Neither map should be used for site -specific land use interpretations. Current topographi-
cal maps for the County have 20' contour intervals and the majority of elevations within the
coastal areas of the County are between 10' and 40'.
A Composite Natural Hazards Map is presented later in Section 2.5 of the Plan where storm
hazard mitigation is discussed.
1.3.1(b) Man -Made Hazard Areas
In the Southport -Oak Island area there are several manmade hazards including the
Carolina Power and Light nuclear facility, the Sunny Point Ocean Terminal and its
associated railroad corridors, and the Pfizer Chemical facility. In the northeast area of the
County is the Dupont Chemical facility. The three airstrips within the County also are
potentially hazardous.
These land uses are of great economic benefit to Brunswick County; however, it needs to
be recognized that there exist potential hazards in the areas surrounding these facilities.
1
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Land uses locating adjacent to or near these facilities need to be sensitive to potential
associated hazards.
These manmade hazard areas are identified on the Fragile Areas Map. Airstrip locations
are shown on the Community Facilities Map.
It has been stated in public meetings that inadequate and unsafe road conditions pose the
greatest manmade hazards in Brunswick County. This concern is addressed later in Section
1.4.3(a) and Policy Area 2.1.3(c).
1.3.1(c) Soil Limitations
Soil limitations are characterized by poor drainage, foundation hazards, and septic tank
unsuitability. Distinctions can be made between areas which are generally characterized
by soil limitations, but within which small pockets of favorable soils do exist, as well as
areas where solid limitations are common to most of the soils present.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture and Soil Conservation Service has completed a
detailed soil survey of Brunswick County. This soil survey is useful in providing easily
accessible detailed information on soils in the county. The suitability of soils for septic
tanks, roads, and building development are listed in Appendix 1. The full report and maps
of the Soil Survey are available from the US Soil Conservation Service.
Basic rating categories of soil associations are defined as follows:
Slight: Soil properties are generally favorable for the stated uses, or limitations are
minor and can be easily overcome.
Moderate: Some soil properties are unfavorable for development but limitations can be
overcome or modified by special planning, good design, and careful man-
agement.
Severe: Soil properties are unfavorable and resulting limitations are too difficult to
corrector overcome. Soil will require major soil reclamation or special design
for stated uses. This rating, however, does not imply that the soil cannot be
used.
The Subdivision Ordinance requires reports from the US Soil Conservationist assigned to
Brunswick County, who field tests for soil types on proposed development sites.
The County has employed a staff person, based in both the Environmental Section of the
Health Department and in the Planning Department, to serve as a Soil Scientist/ Hydrolo-
gist. Primary duties include determination of soil characteristics in relation to development
proposals and required permits.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 39

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LEI'
Problem areas arise within the County when septic tanks are located in transitional or urban
areas with small lot sizes with: disturbed or impermeable soils, seasonally high water
tables, or areas with associated high rates of water usage in the home. In these circum-
stances the conventional septic tank system is not acceptable for sewage disposal.
Causes of Failure
Since 1976, due to changes in State Regulations, percolation tests have not been performed.
Instead, judgement of analysis is based upon a site evaluation. Water tables mustbe at least
36 inches below the ground surface before a system is permitted.
Percolation tests have not been performed on individual lots since 1976, because the State
believes they are an invalid means of determining a site's soil absorption rate. Instead, lot
by lot on -site inspections are performed taking into account the following factors:
1. Topography
2. Soil Characteristics:
a.
Texture
b.
Structure
c.
Depth
d.
Restrictive Horizons
e.
Drainage
f.
Available Space
One of the most common causes of septic tank failures in Brunswick County is the
installation of septic tank systems in soils which have seasonally high water tables. Another
cause of failure is from the presence of an impervious soil layer which can become saturated
following rainfall and retard the vertical movement of water. These layers may be
hardpans, clays, sandpans, or organic soil horizons. In Brunswick County, these impervi-
ous layers are scattered in a haphazard fashion and it is difficult to determine their spatial
arrangement. Organic soil horizons are a particularly difficult soil structure to pinpoint
because of uneven organic decomposition. As soil types, sub -soil types, and such factors
as ground water tables vary, different sized lots or different dimension of lots are necessary
in particular situations.
A third cause of failures are those numerous instances where septic tanks and their filter
fields have over the years been permitted for developments on inadequately sized lots
(taking into consideration both total square footage and the outside dimensions of such
lots).
Prior to the NC Ground Absorption and Sewage Treatment Act of 1981 and resultant
Administrative Law, many very small lots were platted in the country. That process
changed materially following the 1981 law. Nevertheless, the Planning Board with its staff
as well as that of the Environmental Section of the Health Department and the current
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Page 40 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

Acting Health Director are of the opinion minimum lot sizes are needed in the Subdivision
Ordinance.
Land Suitability Analysis
Out of the County's total land acreage of 558,720 acres, the following breakdowns have
been tabulated from the land suitability analysis of the Brunswick County Soil Survey:
CATEGORY ACRES °Io OF TOTAL
1. Soils with Limitations for 303,120 54.6%
Functional Septic Tank Systems
2. Soils with Limitations for the 233,520 41.8
Adequate Support of Building
Foundations
3. Soils well suited for 247,000 44.3
Development
4. Soils wells suited for 139,940 25.1
Agricultural Development
5. Soils well suited for 325,200 58.2
Forest Protection
1.3.1(d) Potable Water Supply
The County is a major provider of potable water with an expanding piped water supply
system serving both unincorporated and incorporated areas. Details of this piped water
supply system are further outlined in Section 1.4.1 of this Plan. The piped water supply
system is fed by treated surface water.
The majority of Brunswick County residents and other users of water continue to rely on
groundwater wells as a source. Among problems associated with ground wells in low lying
coastal areas are salt water intrusion, brackish water in heavy use areas, reliance upon
septic tanks on the same small lots with individual wells, and competition for such ground
water between industry and agriculture.
The need for a piped water supply is obvious. Engineers have predicted salt water
' infiltration of the groundwater by the year 2000 from the ocean to at least U.S.17, and along
the Cape Fear River all the way northwards to the general area of the Dupont Plant.
While hook-up to the piped water supply is not yet mandatory, it is highly encouraged. In
areas of low density development and less intensive uses, an adequate and safe potable
' water supply can still be provided through the use of groundwater wells.
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 41

1.3.1(e) Areas Which Exceed 12% Slope
There are no known areas with slopes as extreme as 12%, excepting a ravine which is
undevelopable near the Cape Fear River.
1.3.2 Fragile Areas
Fragile areas are those areas which could be easily damaged or destroyed by inappropriate
or poorly planned development. Some of these sensitive lands have been designated by the
Coastal Resources Commission as Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's). Special
consideration is to be given regarding their use.
This section of the Plan describes the significance and location of fragile areas located
within Brunswick County's planning jurisdiction. These sensitive areas are identified on
the Fragile Areas Maps. Policies regarding land use in, or adjacent to, fragile areas are
outlined in Sections 2.1.2 and 2.1.3.
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's)
The Coastal Area Management Act of North Carolina calls for the identification of certain
environmentally fragile and important land and water areas that are judged to be of greater
than local significance. The Coastal Resources Commission, in cooperation with local
governments in the 20 county coastal area, has developed a program of permit review and
coordination within these "areas of environmental concern" (AEC's). The intent of the
regulatory program is not to stop development, but rather to insure the compatibility of
development with the continued productivity and value of certain critical land and water
areas.
There are four broad categories of AEC's:
- Estuarine Systems
Ocean Hazard Areas Systems
Public Water Supplies
Natural and Cultural Resource Areas
Special CAMA permits are required of all developments within designated AEC's.
1.3.2(a) Estuarine Systems AEC's
The estuarine system of Brunswick County consists of all estuarine waters, coastal
wetlands, Public Trust areas and estuarine shorelines. In many areas, the above designa-
tions seem to overlap. In general, the estuarine system is defined by all of the salt and
brackish inland waters and adjacent land areas of the County.
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Page 42 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

Coastal Wetlands AEC s
' These are the marshes, subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including normal
wind tides. Brunswick County contains numerous salt water marshes and brackish
' marshes along its rivers and along the Intracoastal Waterway. It is the objective of the state
and county to safeguard and perpetuate the biological, social, economic, and aesthetic
value of these marshes as a natural resource essential to the functioning of the estuarine
' system. Accordingly, state administrative law defines suitable and unsuitable uses.
Estuarine Water AEC's
Estuarine waters are defined as "all the water of the Atlantic Ocean within the boundary
' of North Carolina, and all the water of the bays, sounds, rivers, and tributaries thereto,
seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters, as
set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Depart-
ment of Natural Resources and Community Development, found in 15 NCAC3F. 0200 in
the most current revision of the NC Fishing Regulations for the Coastal Waters. Another
way of defining estuarine waters is to say that estuaries are semi -enclosed coastal water
bodies having free connection with the open sea and within which seawater is measurably
diluted with fresh water drained from the adjacent land.
' The estuarine waters AEC's of Brunswick County are associated with the Intracoastal
Waterway and the southern sections of the Cape Fear, Shallotte, and Lockwood Folly
rivers.
' Public Trust AEC's
' Public trust AEC's are all waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder, from the
mean high water mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water
' subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water mark, all
navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water level of
mean water level, as the case may be, except privately owned lakes, to which the public has
no right of access; all water in artificially created bodies of water containing significant
public fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to the public by
navigation from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; and all waters
tin artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by a
prescription, custom, usage, dedication, or any other means.
In considering development on any body of water in Brunswick County, it is best to
presume that the water is in public trust, unless otherwise specifically documented. The
Intracoastal Waterway is the major Public Trust AEC in Brunswick County.
Development which would block or impair existing navigation channels, increase shore-
11 line erosion, deposit spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation patterns,
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 43

violate water quality standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters is considered
incompatible with public areas.
Estuarine Shorelines
Estuarine shorelines, although characterized as dry land, are considered a component of
the estuarine system because of the close association with the adjacent estuarine waters.
Estuarine shorelines are those non -ocean shorelines which are especially vulnerable to
erosion, flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water, and are intimately connected
to the estuary. This area extends from the mean high water level of normal water level along
the estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters as set forth in an agreement adopted by the
Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Natural Resources and Commu-
nity Development for a distance of 75' landward.
Estuarine shorelines in Brunswick County are generally non -ocean shorelines along
estuaries, sounds, bays, and brackish waters extending landward from mean high water or
normal water level for a distance of 75'. It is useful to emphasize that where the range of
saltwater influence on freshwater streams ends is also the approximate location where the
estuarine AEC ends.
Because of the direct proximity, development in this area has a great influence on the
quality of the estuaries and is also subject to the damaging,processes of shoreline erosion
and flooding.
Accordingly, the state has defined standards for development which take into considera-
tion the dynamics of the shoreline and the resources associated with estuarine waters.
These standards are to insure that development does not have an adverse impact on the
estuarine system.
1.3.2(b) Ocean Hazard Area AEC's
These are natural hazard. areas along the ocean shoreline where, because of their special
vulnerability to erosion or other adverse effects of sand, wind, and water, uncontrolled or
incompatible development could unreasonably endanger life or property. Such areas
include beaches, frontal dunes, inlet lands, and other areas where there is a substantial
possibility of excessive erosion of floor damage.
It is the objective of the state and county to provide management policies and standards for
such areas that serve to eliminate unreasonable danger to life and property. A balance must
also be achieved between the financial, safety, and social factors involved in this type of
development.
Types of Ocean Hazard Areas Are:
Ocean erodible areas - these are areas in which there exists a substantial possibility of
excessive erosion and significant shoreline fluctuation.
Page 44 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

I
High hazard flood areas - this is the area subject to high velocity waters in a storm having
' a one percent chance of being equalled or exceeded in any given year, as identified as Zone
VI-30 on federal flood insurance rate maps.
' Inlet hazard areas - these are areas with a substantial possibility of excessive erosion,
located adjacent to inlets. The state sets use standards for ocean hazard areas by adminis-
trative law. The state further; requires erosion control activities, dune establishment and
stabilization, sets standards for structural accessways, and new/substantial construction
standards in ocean hazard areas.
The Ocean Hazard Areas designated within Brunswick County are for the most part within
the municipalities' jurisdictions. The only exception to this is the extreme eastern tip of Oak
' Island. This area contains Fort Caswell and is owned by the North Carolina Baptist
Assembly. Only, limited public access is allowed.
1.3.2(c) Public Water Supply AEC's
Small Surface Water Supply Watershed AEC's
' Small surface water supply watersheds are catchment areas situated entirely within the
coastal area, classified by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission as
Class A -II, which means that the maximum beneficial use is that of a public water supply.
Classification of streams and rivers is an ongoing process by the state. When a stream is
Class A -II; no ground absorption sewage disposal systems shall be located within 100 feet
of the water, a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) is required, and
the standards of the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 must be
met. There are no such designated areas in Brunswick County.
IPublic Water Supply Well Field AEC's
Public water supply well fields are areas of well -drained sands that extend downward
from the surface into shallow ground water supplies. The North Carolina Department of
Natural Resources has identified such areas. There are standards to be met on any
development over such a well field. There are no such designated areas in Brunswick
County.
' 1.3.2(d) Natural and Cultural Resource AEC's
This fourth category of AEC's covers areas containing environmental, natural, or cultural
resources of more than local significance. State Administrative Law (15 NCAC 7H.0503)
provides a nomination and designation process in order for any site to be declared this type
of an AEC.
I
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 45

Coastal Complex Natural Areas and Coastal Areas that Sustain Remnant Species
AEC's
Coastal complex natural areas are lands that support native plant and animal communities
and provide habitat qualities which have remained essentially unchanged by human
activity. These areas function as key biological components of natural species. They may
be surrounded by landscape that has been modified but does not drastically alter
conditions within the natural area.
Coastal areas that sustain remnant species are areas that support native plants or animals
determined to be rare or endangered. The objective is to protect habitat conditions
necessary to the continued survival of threatened and endangered native plants and
animals.
Although no areas in Brunswick County have been officially designated as these types of
AEC, there are many such areas in the County. The North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development, Division of Parks and Recreation, National
Heritage Program has compiled detailed information of these areas which is presented in
Appendix II.
Unique Coastal Geologic Formation AEC's
No unique coastal geological formations have been identified by State geologists in
Brunswick County.
Significant Coastal Archaeological Resource AEC's
Significant coastal archaeological resources are sites, objects, or features evaluated by the
NC Historical Commission that have more than local significance to history or prehistory.
Brunswick County has a large amount of archaeological sites. The great majority of these
sites have not been excavated nor has the County been systematically surveyed. However,
172 prehistoric sites have been identified and entered into the State's prehistoric file
inventory maintained by the Department of Cultural Resourcesand the Archeology Branch
section.
The majority of these sites consist of surface scatters whose cultural affiliation has not been
identified. A number of midden mounds, which were areas of discard and refuse, have also
been noted.
In addition to the prehistoric sites, there are a number of known shipwrecks in the Cape
Fear River which could provide valuable information if excavated.
Page 46 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

I
Significant Coastal Historical Architectural Resources
The following inventory includes a description of the more significant historic sites found
throughout Brunswick County (not including Southport which has completed a separate
inventory).
HISTORIC SITES/FRAGILE AREAS
1. Williams House
2. Belvedere Plantation
3. Railroad Hotel
4. Winnabow Plantation
5. Clarendon Plantation
6. Olde Town Plantation
7. Pleasant Oaks Plantation
8. Orton Plantation
9. Brunswick Town (Fort Anderson, St. Phillips Church)
10. Battery Lamb and Saltworks
11. Price's Creek Lighthouse
12. "The Rocks"
13. Quarantine Station
14. Fort Caswell
15. Gause's Tomb
16. Hickory Hall
17. Bald Head Lighthouse
18. Cape Fear Lighthouse Complex
19. Goodman Family House
20. W. H. Walker House
21. Zion United Methodist Church Cemetery
22. Concord Methodist Church
23. Sunny Side School
24. Bethel United Methodist Church
25. USCG Station at Oak Island
These sites are identified by their corresponding numbers located on the Fragile Areas
Map. Detailed descriptions of some of the more prominent sites are found in Appendix III.
1.3.2(e) Fragile Land Areas
Areas listed in this section include important natural or manmade sites which do not
conveniently fit into previously listed AEC categories, yet are still deemed to be develop-
ment constraints because of their importance. The County regards these areas to be no less
significant than those officially designated.
I
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 47

11
Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
Brunswick County has thousands of acres of private and public freshwater swamps and
marshes. Most notable is the Green Swamp which is the predominant land /water feature
in the north central area of the County. Other important swamp and marsh areas which
should be protected are the Big Cypress Bay and Ponds, Orton Pond, Spring Creek Pond,
and numerous swamps and marshes associated with the Cape Fear, Lockwood Folly,
Shallotte, and Waccamaw Rivers.
Maritime Forest
There are no maritime forests located in unincorporated Brunswick County.
1.3.3 Areas With Resource Potential
Areas with resource potential include productive and unique agricultural land, valuable
mineral sites, Private Sanctuaries, Public Recreation Land, and other non -intensive recrea-
tional uses.
1.3.3(a) Productive and Unique Agricultural Land
The Governor's Executive Order 96, Conservation of Prime Agricultural and Forests, sets
forth the State's policy of providing for the conservation of soil to promote the efficient
production and utilization of soil ..... and to conserve natural resources. The order directed
each county's Soil and Water Conservation Commission to work closely with the respective
county Soil and Water Conservation Districts to develop a map of prime agricultural and
forest lands in their respective jurisdictions.
The District's soil scientist has identified soils that should be considered prime farmland,
soils which are locally important, and soils that are unique to specific locations.
Prime farmlands contains soils best suited for producing food, feed, fiber, forage and
oilseed crops. They are economically productive for all major crops common to the county.
They are not excessively erodible or saturated with water for long periods of time. Soils
categorized as prime in Brunswick County are Foreston, Goldsboro, Johns, Norfolk, and
Onslow.
Locally important farmland has characteristics which cannot meet the requirements of
prime soil designation but may produce economically satisfactory results, depending on
their setting and the management practices employed. These soils may be naturally wet
and lack adequate internal drainage. Soils falling into this category are Baymeade, Blanton,
Croatan, Grif ton, Lynchburg, Pactolus, Pantego, Rains, Tomahawk, Torhunta, Wando, and
Woodington.
El
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Page 48 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

' In addition, certain soils have been designated as unique. This is farmland which is used
for the production of a specific crop that may not be produced on a general basis in the area.
rBlueberries are a crop with special soil requirements that are unique to the county. The soils
with these qualities are Leon Fine Sand and Murville Mucky Fine Sand.
rAGRICULTURAL LANDS
PRIME FARMLAND SOILS
r Foreston 26,692 acres
Goldsboro 29,830 acres
Johns 3,116 acres
r Onslow 3,439 acres
Norfolk 12,521 acres
75,598 acres
r
LOCALLY IMPORTANT FARMLAND SOILS
r
Baymeade
55,973 acres
Blanton
16,127 acres
Croatan
3,533 acres
Grifton
22,023 acres
'
Lynchburg
19,991 acres
Pactolus
47,771 acres
Pantago
Rains
8,305 acres
35,619 acres
Tomahawk
4,975 acres
Torhunta
3,994 acres
Wando
12,176 acres
r
Woodington .
29,703 acres
r260,190 acres
UNIQUE LAND SOILS
' Leon Fine Sand 45,611 acres
Murville Mucky Fine Sand 39,490 acres
Total 85,101 acres
It should be noted that these figures tend to exaggerate the amount of land
actually available to farming in Brunswick County. Many of these soils are
r located in areas which are impractical to farm; because of access, high water
table levels, or other reasons. In addition, only 15 acres of blueberries are
actually in production on land classified as unique.
r1.3.3(b) Valuable Mineral Sites
r No known valuable mineral deposits exist in Brunswick County. Sand is sometimes
extracted for construction applications. There are some scattered deposits of gravel and
Coquina, but the feasibility of mining is highly questionable.
r
rBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 49

1.3.3(c) Private Sanctuaries
The Nature Conservancy owns15,814 acres of land within the Green Swamp. The Conser-
vancy is a private organization dedicated to the preservation of unique natural areas. It is
the intent of the Conservancy that the area will remain free from development of any sort.
Various large private landholdings are "de facto" gamelands by virtue of their isolation and
general in -accessibility. (these areas are mainly owned by timber companies).
The Orton Plantation and Pond is another major private landholding in Brunswick County.
The State has also designated a Game Land/Bear Sanctuary within Brunswick County.
The Bear Sanctuary is one of 28 designated areas within the State designed to promote the
preservation of the species. Bear hunting is prohibited inside the Sanctuary. Major private
sanctuaries are identified on the Fragile Areas Map.
1.3.3(d) Public Recreation Land
There have been some significant developments with regard to public land acquisition
since the 1980 Land Use Plan Update. The area north of the municipal limits of Bald Head
Island to the New Hanover County line is owned entirely by the State of North Carolina.
This land form separates the Cape Fear River from the Atlantic Ocean. (the word "land" is
somewhat misleading as the area consists of marsh, water, and small islands).
Within this area are several different management and administrative jurisdictions. The
area adjacent to the New HanQver County line is now part of the National Estuarine
Sanctuary Program. This is a federal program (Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Manage-
ment Act) which provides states with 50% matching grants for acquiring, developing, or
operating areas "to serve as natural field laboratories in which to study and gather data on
the natural and human processes in the coastal region and man's effect on them."
The Zeke's Island sanctuary is located in New Hanover and Brunswick Counties, encom-
passing approximately 1,165 acres of upland, intertidal, and shallow water areas. 178.8
upland acres of the site were donated to the State of North Carolina in December of 1981
as the initial component of North Carolina's National Estuarine Sanctuary. The area is
managed primarily as an educational and research site, though compatible recreational
uses are allowed.
For further information regarding the Zeke's Island sanctuary, contact either the Brun-
swick County Planning Department or the Marine Sanctuary Program, Division of Coastal
Management in Raleigh.
The area south of Zeke's Island sanctuary consists of about 10,000 acres of marsh and
approximately 1,000 acres of upland. This area is presently being administered by several
State agencies. The majority of this area is administered by the Department of Parks and
1
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Page 50 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

FRAGILE AREAS
LEGEND
.. "
Ocean Hazard Areas
Estuarine and
Freshwater Systems
Green Swamp'
Wildlife Management
- -
Areas
+ t
Man --made Hazard
Areas
Bear Sanctuary
18
Historic Sites
Source: Brunswick County
Planning Department
BRUNSMCK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
17
8
1 dward 1). Novo, jr.and A s(viates Brunsi%ick County Land Use Man

Recreation. The Wildlife Resources Commission and the Division of Marine Fisheries
combine regulatory and enforcement jurisdiction.
Battery Island and Striking Island have been leased by the State to the Audubon Society for
' fifty year periods.
The spit of land above New Inlet is located in Brunswick County and is part of the Fort
Fisher State Historic Site. This area is administered by the Department of Cultural
Resources and regulations are enforced by the Division of Parks and Recreation.
There is one small section of land adjacent to the Village of Bald Head Island which is
privately owned.
' 1.3.3(e) Other Non -Intensive Recreational Uses
All of the navigable waters in the county are publicly owned. They are used for commercial
and recreational fishing, swimming, and boating.
' Also, all the beach below mean high tide is owned by the State, as is any land raised through
beach nourishment projects.
' -In recent years, numerous semi -private and private golf courses have been developed in
Brunswick County. A majority of these courses are being built adjacent to the Intracoastal
Waterway in conjunction with single family residential developments. There are currently
' nine (9) golf courses in Brunswick County with several more under construction.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County land Use Plan - Page 51

1.4 CONSTRAINTS; COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES
As discussed in the preceding section, the suitability of land for development presents one
set of constraints on the future growth of Brunswick County. These mostly natural
constraints are largely beyond the control of man, without considerable and often costly
modification of the land resource.
A second set of constraints however, has to do with local governments' ability to provide
and pay for community facilities and services in the face of continued growth. While such
ability is linked to some degree to the natural systems upon which certain facilities (such
as water) depend, the provision of such facilities and services is more a function of
conscious decisions on the part of local government as to whether such services are needed,
who will pay for them, how and when.
1.4.1 Water
In 1981, immediately after adoption of the Land Use Plan, the County began an aggressive
program of expansion of the county water system to have it available in all areas shown on
the Plan to be urban in the future.
In August,1981, a $37 million General Obligation Bond issue referendum passed, the voters
thus giving strong directive to elected and appointed officials to proceed rapidly towards
such a system.
' The county is the major provider of water, not only to the unincorporated areas but to the
municipalities and the one sanitary district as well. In 1974- 75, the County built a water
system serving the general Southport - Oak Island area and Holden Beach, capable of
' providing seven million gallons a day. The plant was soon operating at capacity.
Since then, the County has constructed a major new water treatment plant which will
originally provide an additional 24 million gallons a day. Planned system capacity is 48
million gallons a day. The County has constructed trunk lines with necessary appurte-
nances bolstering the old existing system, and expanding it through Calabash to near the
state line. Major new trunk lines with appurtenant features are currently under construc-
tion to serve broader areas, and to provide more water capability to all of the existing
system.
' Throughout this process of expansion, the County has operated with an advisory commit-
tee structure not only on development of the system per se, but on all types of necessary
policies in relation to such a large system. The Planning Board Chairman and Planning
Director has served continuously as a member of the advisory committee for coordination.
In September, 1986, the Board of County Commissioners by ordinance created a Utility
Operation Board, to which this advisory role is now assigned. The Planning Board
Chairman was named a member of that new Board.
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 52

Since the Water Distribution Systems Policy regarding new developments was adopted in
1984, over 30 developers of subdivisions have installed and dedicated to the County, water
distribution systems to serve these new areas.
The County, as leader of a multi -county effort, provided on a loan basis the necessary up-
front $7 million dollars to the Lower Cape Fear Water and Sewer Authority, permitting
them to construct an in-takeplanton the Cape Fear River above Lock No. 1 on the CapeFear
River in Bladen County, and to build a fourteen mile trunk main to Hood's Creek in
Brunswick County to tie into the County's new treatment plant.
Since this effortbegan in 1981, the County has been able to add the towns of Shallotte, Ocean
Isle Beach, and Sunset Beach to this water system, as well as hundreds of "rural" customers.
In 1986 the Brunswick County public water supply system distributed a total of 827,781,300
gallons or an average of 2,267,893 gallons per day. The breakdown of that distribution is
as follows.
1986 Water Consumption
un Gallo
Domestic
30,658,800 gls.
Commercial
57,357,800
Industrial
31,505,200
Municipal
708,255,600
Miscellaneous
3,900
For fiscal year 1986-87 and 1987-88, the Board of County Commissioners added five cents
to the ad valorem tax rate to create a fund towards assuring water distribution systems
which will be provided in all urban areas.
It is anticipated this will continue to be the major community facilities project of the County
for the next five years. Major planning of system improvements and extensions is currently
underway.
1.4.2 Sewer and Storm Drainage
In 1986, the County undertook its first activity in the provision of a public wastewater
treatment plant and service. This was in connection with a new county -owned industrial
park. The plant currently under construction will have some excess capacity to begin
provision of this service to others.
The County sewer system at the Leland Industrial Park is a modular, package system
capable of easy expansion. The treatment plant located adjacent to the receiving stream, the
Cape Fear River, provides 24-hour hydraulic detention time for the 250,000 gpd design
flow, and is capable of meeting the 30 mg/1 effluent limits for biochemical oxygen demand
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Page 53 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

' and suspended solids respectively. The s stem currently has a 4.5 mile " py y 8 sewer main. The
system will probably come on line during 1987 and 10 percent usage is predicted within the
first year.
As ,areas of the County continue to urbanize with higher development densities, septic
systems are becoming inadequate. It is the County's position that areas identified as
Developed on the Land Classification Plan should have district based sewer systems
introduced as time and conditions permit, as far as is possible by private enterprise. Three
incorporated communities (Southport, Ocean Isle Beach, and Shallotte) within the County
have already installed central sewer systems and several other communities are studying
' this possibility. It is anticipated that the use of private, package sewage treatment plants
will for larger scale developments also be increasing.
Through its water management program, and more particularly through its subdivision
review and approval program, the County has assured provision of significant storm
drainage facilities.
1.4.3 Transportation
1.4.3(a) Public Roads
Brunswick County has 587 miles of paved public roads and 166 miles of unpaved public
roads. There is a considerable undetermined amount of unpaved private subdivision roads
that have yet to be upgraded and added to the state secondary road system.
During public meetings, the number one concern voiced by County residents was the
numerous inadequate and unsafe roadways within the County. Because of the high
volume of seasonal visitation to the beach areas, certain roads are carrying excessive
amounts of traffic.
The principal hazardous roads are U.S.17 from the Bell Swamp area to the South Carolina
state line; NC 133 from its western intersection with NC 211 to the Oak Island Bridge and
NC 133 from that intersection to the Southport Municipal limits. Other high hazard areas
are the Village Road area in Leland, and NC 179 and NC 904 in the southwestern beach area.
Road sections with frequent reported accidents are identified on the High Accident
Concentration Areas Map.
The lack of a high rise bridge at Sunset Beach and the need for a second bridge at the west
end of Oak Island are also reasons for concern. Evacuation due to hurricanes or other
emergencies could be a problem.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation acknowledges the lack of adequate
capacity and associated hazards of much of the existing road network. Beginning in
October 1986, the State began working with the County to produce a Thoroughfare Plan
which assesses the problems of the current road network.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 54

The Community Facilities Map shows major existing thoroughfares within the County as
well as proposed thoroughfare improvements recommended in a preliminary report on the
Thoroughfare Plan.
This final study scheduled for completion in 1988 will become the basis for decisions on
which improvements would be made and the timing of those improvements.
1.4.3(b) Air Transportation
There are two publicly owned general aviation airports in the country. One is known as the
Brunswick County Airport. It is operated by the Airport Commission whose membership
is named by the County Commissioners and several municipal Town Boards. This facility
is situated on the mainland across from Oak Island.
During the early 1980's, a Master Plan for this airport was developed, and approved by the
County, by the North Carolina aeronautics Council, and by the US Federal Aviation
Administration. Significant improvements have been provided with County funding, and
work is underway on a new terminal building at this time. Also in the early 1980s, the
County Planning Department prepared an Airport Zoning Ordinance which was adopted
and is being enforced through joint actions of the Airport Manager and the Buildings
Inspection Division of the Planning Department.
The Ocean Isle Beach Airport, owned by that municipality, is located on the mainland
across from that island. During the 1980s, an Airport Zoning Ordinance was prepared by
the County Planning Department and is in effect, being enforced jointly by the Town
Airport Commissioner and the Building Inspection Division of the County Planning
Department. The Town has recently employed services and an updated Master Plan for
that facility is being prepared.
There are several privately owned airstrips in different locations around the County, the
largest being that facility known as the "Winnabow International Airport." It has less than
ten home based aircraft, and a large paved and lighted runway. Most others are grassed
rather than paved facilities.
The County is an active supporter of the two publicly owned general aviation facilities in
the County, both by financial participation and development of plans and ordinances for
same. The locations of the three major airstrips within the County are shown on the
Community Facilities Map.
1.4.4 Police
Police protection for Brunswick County is provided by the County's Sheriff's Department
and local municipal police forces. The Sheriff's Department currently has 24 hour service
with 49 personnel and 37 vehicles. As population continues to increase, it is anticipated that
the resources of this vital public service would also be increased.
1
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Page 55 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

HIGH ACCIDENT
CONCENTRATION
AREAS
'. 10 Accidents or more per
=o mile from January 1979 to
January 1985
LEGEND
o 10-20
21-50
51-100
10 0+
Source: NC Department of
Transportation Traffic
Engineering Branch
BRUNSMCK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
Edgard D. Slone, Jr. and Associates
Brunswick Counh, Land Use flan

I
1.4.5 Fire and Rescue
There are currently 29 volunteer fire and rescue departments and associations within
Brunswick County. The majority of these units are well equipped and staffed. The
Brunswick County Fire/Rescue Association maintains a Resource Manual of personnel
and equipment at each unit.
1.4.6 Schools
' Brunswick County is continuing each year to experience moderately increased enrollment
in the public school system. The County over the past decade through both an ad valorem
bond issue and from such sources as the former Federal Revenue Sharing Program, has
provided sufficient funding for a total revamping of all the physical plants of the system,
and continues to fund improvements.
' In October 1985, the "Brunswick County School Survey Report 1984-85" was completed by
the North Carolina Department of Public Instructions, Division of School Planning. Their
conclusions regarding facilities are as follows:
"Facilities
' Brunswick County has made substantial progress in recent years in coping with an
increasing student population while replacing inadequate, obsolete buildings. The
facilities constructed since 1977 are generally attractive, functional buildings which will
serve the communities for many years.
Since 1977, a new standard has been established for Brunswick County. This higher
standard focuses attention on the marginal facilities. For example, the 1951./77 classroom/
administration building at Lincoln is structurally sound and has been rated in category III,
but is marginal if not inadequate for educational purposes. The 1951 /57 classroom
building at Union is similar.
The 1959 reading building and the 1965 music building at Lincoln are category IV and
should be replaced; the same is appropriate for the 1960 gymnasium and 1962 classroom
buildings at Union.
' The Waccamaw School has four buildin s in category V which are not used for g g ry o instructional
purposes. They should be razed as they are a liability.
Each of the three high schools has a rifle range constructed in 1975. These buildings should
' be replaced or improved.
The Division of School Planning calculates the capacity of elementary school buildings
using a factor of 22 students per teaching station. Using this formula, for instance, a school.
with ten classrooms would have a capacity of 220 students. For the Brunswick County
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 56

study, a high school's optimal capacity was calculated as simply the multiple of the number
of teaching stations times 20 students. Specialized areas for art, music, physical education,
etc., were not calculated in the formula for elementary_ schools butwereincluded in -the -
capacity calculations for the secondary schools. Capacity is not an exact quantity;
however, it represents an approximate number of students which a building can accommo-
date efficiently.
Some of the elementary schools in Brunswick County are under capacity and some over
capacity. For example, Waccamaw is 6 percent under capacity, Lincoln is at capacity. The
remaining elementary schools in Brunswick County are, however, considerably over
capacity. Southport is 20 percent over capacity; Bolivia is 10 percent over capacity; Union
is 17 percent over capacity.
The three middle schools are likewise crowded. Leland Middle School is at capacity, but
the South Brunswick Middle School is 17 percent over capacity and the Shallotte Middle
School is 16 percent over capacity.
The three high schools are over capacity as follows: North Brunswick High School, 8
percent; South Brunswick High School, 34 percent; West Brunswick High School, 13
percent."
* NC Dept. of Public Instruction, Division of School Planning. Brunswick County School
Survey Report 1984-85. October 211985 pp. 105-106.
Overall conclusions of the survey and report are as follows:
"Summary and Conclusion:
The Division of School Planning has determined that the present plan of organization over -
utilizes school facilities based upon up-to-date standards. The proposed plans outlined in
this survey will begin the long and short range planning needed to resolve the problem of
overcrowding to place all students in excellent facilities and ultimately to provide for a K-
5, 6-8, 9-12 plan of organization.
The Division of School Planning is recommending that the board of education adopt a
policy regarding school size. Because many variables enter into decisions regarding school
size, it is an area which will require much deliberation by board members and staff.
The educational programs including exceptional and vocational education are being
maintained and expanded. The middle school philosophy is being implemented and is an
ongoing part of the curriculum.
During the last ten years many changes have occurred in Brunswick County. The CP & L
plant has significantly increased the tax base. Industrial and resort growth have contrib-
uted to a population increase. The Brunswick Board of Education and Board of County
d
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Page 57 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

' Commissioners have responded to these changes b im improving educational programs and
PY P g P �'
' facilities. With the proposed long range plan, Brunswick can relieve overcrowding and
improve the system's plan of organization. The proposed plan, however, will not be
inappropriate if the student population should stabilize or increase dramatically."
* NC Dept. of Public Instruction, Division of School Planning. Brunswick County School
Survey Report 1984-85. October 21,1985. pp.115-116.
A significant finding of the report is the need for an additional elementary school within
the County.
' 1.4.7 Parks and Recreation
During the early 1980s, the County has built the Shallotte area, the Smithville area, the Town
Creek area, and the Waccamaw area Recreational Parks, each having a community center
as a feature. Land has been acquired and construction is in progress on a Leland Area
Recreation Park. Further, for the existing Lockwood Folly/ Supply Area Recreational Park,
additional land was acquired and additional facilities provided. Community Recreation
Areas are denoted on the Community Facilities Map.
The County has sought State help in obtaining lands for scenic parks, such as along the
' Brunswick River. The County has further developed a specialized plan of needs for boat
ramps.
The County has had an active program of providing all necessary features to enhance use
of the numerous water bodies in the County.
' Among these water features are the Brunswick, Calabash, Cape Fear, Lockwood Folly,
Shallotte, Town Creek, and Waccamaw Rivers, the Intracoastal Waterway, and the Atlantic
Ocean.
The County has financially supported creation of additional fishing reefs, boat ramps, and
' aggressively supports private efforts to provide such features as; access points to coastal
waters in new subdivisions, docks and piers, boat ramps, and marinas. Marinas and boat
storage facilities are currently in particular demand.
' 1.4.8 Solid Waste
' Through the Planning Board and an Advisory Committee of the Board of County Commis-
sioners, in 1983 an updated Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Plan was adopted and is
rapidly being implemented.
A major new central landfill was established, and former scattered landfills were closed
out. Currently, landfill expansion by about three hundred acres is being implemented. The
central landfill site comprises 53 acres currently of which 15 are being used for active
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 58

landfill operations. It is estimated that the 53-acre site has approximately six years of
dumping capacity.
The County is moving away from the old "green box" system in all areas which are expected
to be urban in character in the future. Transfer Stations with compaction units have been
developed in three areas. Additionally, two separate 40 cubic yard roll off convenience
stations have been established with funds allocated for a third site in 1987. There are still
about 200 scattered green boxes in use throughout the County.
The central landfill location is identified on the Community Facilities Map.
1.4.9 Medical Care
The County Hospital has undergone important changes in operational structure and major
improvements and expansions have been carried out during the 1980s. Dosher Hospital
is located in Southport and is continuing to be expanded and improved.
The locations of Brunswick County's two hospitals are shown on the Community Facilities
Map.
Page 59 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

1
COMMUNITY
FACILITIES
LEGEND
-f'
Roads
— — -
Proposed .Road
©
Sanitary Landfill
Airstrip
201 Wastewater
Treatment Area
Hospital
Community
Recreation Area
„—„
Water System
Trunk Lines
Source: Brunswick County
Planning Department
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
r
Edward D. Sic nc, Jr. an.! r\�<c .iatrs !Brun< i, k County Land Use 11,11

P
1
1.5 ANTICIPATED DEMAND
The purpose of this section is to anticipate how future population projections may impact
upon the need for additional developable land and community facilities in Brunswick
County.
1.5.1 Population and Economic Projections
1.5.1(a) Permanent Population
A provisional estimate from the North Carolina Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
for Brunswick County, July 1,1986 total population is 47,797. (This figure is lower than the
County estimate.) Based upon this provisional estimate, OMB makes the following popu-
lation projections for Brunswick County:
Year Population
1995
65,002
2000
75,471
2010
96,755
The county has the second highest inmigration rate in the State. This trend is expected to
continue, resulting in an increasingly aging population within the County as more and
more retirees continue to migrate to Brunswick County.
1.5.1(b) Seasonal Population
Peak Seasonal Population
Peak seasonal population is projected at two visitors for each permanent resident, on the
basis of experience to date and volume of tourist housing. By 1995, a peak day total
population of 195,006 is expected and, by 2000, that figure is projected to grow to 226,413.
Peak Day
Total Population
1995
195,006
' 2000
226,413
2010
290,265
' It is further estimated that currently the peak day is almost the average day for at least a four
month season which can be expected to grow to at least a six month season.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 60

1.5.1(c) Economic Projections
It is the position of the Brunswick County Planning Board that "proper" development of the
coast is imminent and desirable. To this end, the County will continue to lend guidance to
residential, commercial, and industrial development to assure compatibility of new
growth with existing development and the natural environment.
Brunswick County will continue to strive for a balanced and diversified economy. The
Resources Development Commission for Brunswick County is actively promoting busi-
ness and industrial development through its economic development activities. The
Commission recently established the Leland Industrial Park.
The tourism and related services industries are expected to continue to increase in
Brunswick County as vacationers and retirees continue to migrate to the area. Commercial,
retail and service industries should correspondingly increase to meet the demands of a
rapidly growing population.
1.5.2 Future Land Use Needs
In response to Brunswick County's rapid existing and projected rate of population growth,
it is anticipated that a great deal of the County's unincorporated coastal areas will become
developed within the plan period. Also, many formerly rural areas will become transi-
tional as growth continues.
Future land uses will predictably follow patterns already established and be augmented by
the provision of the piped water system along major arterials. The southwestern portion
of the County is expected to develop the fastest due to its proximity to growing Myrtle
Beach, South Carolina. Developed and Transitional uses are expected all along the coast
and Intracoastal Waterway from the South Carolina state line to Southport. Along the
eastern edge of the County, Transitional mixed and industrial uses are projected parallel
to the Cape Fear River and NC 133.
The north central and northwest areas of the County are expected to remain in their
relatively rural state throughout the plan period.
As stated earlier in this plan, it is the County's intention to encourage and facilitate
responsible growth. However, without county -wide zoning controls, the location of
imminent development is to a large extent uncontrollable in Brunswick County.
The Land Classification Map, presented at the back of this Plan and defined in Section 3.0,
is the best reflection of how Brunswick County residents would like to see future land use
needs met.
Future land use needs are discussed on a township by township basis in Section 1.2.2 of this
Plan. The Land Classification Map, discussed and presented in Section3, reflects the desires
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of the citizens of Brunswick County in establishing land use areas on the basis of needs.
It is a documented fact that Brunswick County has experienced rapid growth. Both state
and federal governments project this rate of increase to continue. Accordingly, a great deal
more land in the County will have Developed characteristics.
It is the opinion of the Planning -Board that the critieria specified in the Land Classification
system do not readily apply to Brunswick County. Given the historical exclusively rural
nature of the County, it is unreasonable to expect growth to occur in traditional patterns
associated with older urban areas of the state and their areas of expansion. Rather, growth
is taking place at an extremely low density.
There are several reasons for this, which are listed below:
1. The County has carefully adhered to State law regarding wastewater treatment
systems, so that the average lot created since 1981 that is to have its own well and septic
tank averages 17,500 square feet.
2. Large, common nitrification fields area feature of many of the newer subdivisions,
accounting for larger amounts of land associated with residential development.
3. Golf course expansion and development has occurred and is projected to continue.
This accounts for large amounts of acreage.
4. Wetlands are no longer being filled to create lots. Since 1981, the County has required
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's "404" fresh water wetland boundary be show,R on
development plats. CAMA standards have also been enforced regarding saltwater
marshes.
5. Features such as sedimentation ponds and lakes are being incorporated into new
development.
6. New citizens of the County are demanding open space amenities such as parks and
recreational areas which were not provided earlier.
7. Nationally, the trend is for smaller household sizes. This is reflected in Brunswick
County as well.
' 8. Industrial use has occurred in a broad pattern. This trend is expected to continue. For
example, the DuPont plant encompasses five square miles of land, the CP&L Plant five
square miles, and the Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal fourteen square miles.
Two new contiguous industrial parks in the Leland area account for four square miles
of land.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 62

Although the growth outlined here does not have the density described in the classifi-
cation system, as it applies to Brunswick County the land is developed.
*Appendix IV, Urban Concentrations, summarizes a grouping of areas within the County's
jurisdiction that were of such density/intensity of land use as to merit the full range of
urban type services. These areas were identified in a land use survey conducted during
April and May of 1983. These are areas shown on the existing land use map as residential,
office, and commercial; also, industrial, transportation, communication and utilities.
In the future, the County anticipates an extremely large need for additional industrial
lands. The basic points of this premise are as follows:
1. Unemployment in Brunswick County is greater than the State average and per capita
income levels are low. Diversified industries are needed to provide more year round
employment opportunities for County residents.
2. The east side (New Hanover County side) of the Cape Fear River is severely limited in
supporting future industrial, deep draft and barge sites. Internal and shoreline prop-
erties found within the Leland Area provide a viable alternative to industry which is
attracted to the North Carolina State Port of Wilmington and the New Hanover County
Airport, and the services found in the Wilmington/New Hanover County area.
3. New industry is being attracted to the Highway U.S. 74/76 Industrial Corridor and the
public water supply system already in place.
4. Brunswick County, because of its vast available land resources, has the potential of
becoming a major regional center for industry.
1.5.3 Community Facilities Demands
As Brunswick County looks over the next 23 years to the year 2010, during which time the
North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management predicts it will have an increase in
permanent resident population almost twice that of today, to just shy of 100,000 persons,
with that figure tripled during peak tourist season, the County constantly maintains
vigilance to assure necessary public support structure is in place at the needed time for such
population.
Among the chore duties assigned by State government to County government are provi-
sion of social services, health services, courts, jail, sheriff services, and personal and real
property valuation. In addition, the County has assumed a major role on behalf of its
citizens and visitors in the provision of necessary infrastructure for a significant urban
population, including the 14 municipalities.
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Fire and Rescue Services
For many years, the County has been the prime source both for funds for operation and
maintenance of fire departments and rescue squads both in the unincorporated areas and
also in the municipalities.
Further, starting in the 1960s, the County underwrote the mortgages these agencies took on
for purposes of erecting buildings. The Institute of Government reports Brunswick County
is the only county that is or had been so heavily financially involved in provision of fire and
rescue services.
The current FY 1987- County
88 Co ty budget provides evidence of this commitment. For each of
' the 20 fire departments totally within the County, whether they limit their service to their
municipality, provide service only to a specified unincorporated area, or provide a
combined service, $10,000 direct grant is provided. In addition, on the basis of the five
' Electoral Districts, $50,000 in each of the five such Districts is set aside for fire and /or rescue
services, individual judgments to be made during the course of the fiscal year by the Board
of County Commissioners as to distribution of those funds.
An additional fire department that is 90% in Columbus County and only 10% as to service
within Brunswick County was granted $2,500 and also is eligible to seek some share of the
' $50,000 set -aside funds in that Electoral District.
Further, each of the 10 rescue squads in the County received a $10,000 appropriation, and
they also are eligible to seek some share of the set -aside funds.
Fire and rescue services, service areas, and operations are coordinated by the County Fire
Marshal, who is also the Emergency Services Coordinator. The result is a coordinated,
unified network, all of which is related to and part of the communication/ telephone system
housed in the Sheriff's Department at the County Government Center.
The County is working with these various departments and squads towards possible
' future adjustments. Currently, service areas officially acknowledged at the State level for
fire departments range for 1.5 miles to 3.0 miles. With the County water system now in
place, many of these service areas could be extended to serve a four mile radius, and
consolidation/merger of some of these departments is a long-range goal.
As urbanization continues and such factors as tourism increase, the County will maintain
its overseership of these programs and assure needs of the citizens and visitors to the
County are met.
Solid Waste
The State mandates county governments provide a landfill, capable of meeting needs for
all areas in the county including for the load from municipalities.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 64

Brunswick County historically has provided a level of service far beyond that minimum.
Currently, the County operates a central landfill in the exact geographic center of the
t
County, situated about two miles from the intersection of U.S. 17 and NC 211.
The County has caused detailed plans to be made for and is in the land acquisition
negotiation stage for adding several hundred acres to that site, to provide for at least a 20
year projection of need.
,
The County also provides an extensive solid waste collection system, including collection
.centers for municipalities to use so that they can avoid long hauls to the landfill.
'
For all areas expected to be of urban character over the next 20 year period, the County is
providing either of two types of collection stations, one type locally called the "transfer
,
station" type facility and the other called the "convenience station" collection type facility.
Three transfer stations are available. These facilities provide for compaction on site before
i
transference of material to the landfill. One is situated in the Belville area of Leland, one
between Southport and Oak Island, and one midway between Shallotte and Ocean Isle.
'
Currently, two convenience stations are in operation. This type facility provides a series
of 40 cubic yard containers. As filled, loads are transferred to the landfill. One facility is
situated halfway between U.S.17 and Holden Beach, midway between the Lockwood Folly
River and the Shallotte River. The other is located on NC 904 slightly north of S.R.1163,
Old Georgetown Road S.W.
'
Plans call for adding at least three more convenience stations to those sectors of the County
emerging as urban. FY 1987-88 budget allocates funds for another convenience station, and
'
the plan calls for one more to be added each fiscal year.
For the remainder of the County anticipated to remain in rural character, a green box system
'
exists.
Brunswick County has made numerous studies of prospects for resource recovery. To date,
none of these studies and efforts has proved practical. The County has also entered
discussions with surrounding counties on this matter. Further study will be given to this '
possibility.
Parks and Recreation Programs
As with most other services, the County is the main provider of parks and recreational
programs to the entirety of its population, rather than such service being a municipal
activity as is the norm in most other locations.
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1
As a result, major recreational fields locally called parks have been developed on a mid-
1970s plan calling for one such facility in each of the six Townships. The location of these
facilities is not related to the present or future distribution of population, but appears to
have been more of a space -apart theme.
Five such recreation fields exist, with a sixth site having been acquired which is under
development and expected to open in late 1987. These sites contain such features as a series
of baseball fields, tennis courts, usually some picnic areas, and a community building
complete with kitchen and meeting rooms capable of serving fairly large groups.
In addition, the County has developed several specialized features, such as the Leland
Community Center, and has acquired sites and is currently building structures called either
community centers or senior citizen centers, dependent on location, one in the northern
sector of Leland and one across from Holden Beach. These facilities are expected to be
operated as multipurpose activity centers. The County also owns and operates a senior
citizen center at Shallotte.
The citizen participation process of this CAMA Land Use Plan Update showed one of the
major desires of the citizens is that the County provide a totally different type of park, the
more traditional passive facility with significant green space and shade trees, particularly
related to major waterways, for viewing the waters while driving or sitting in your car, or
while strolling a path along the waterway. The County will explore the possibility of
providing such features by some level of government.
rRecreational boating was also brought out as an activity area needing help to assure
adequate facilities. It is the County policy to do all it can to further the provision of marinas,
both public and private, to meet this need.
Sanitary Sewer Services
' Need for sanitary sewer systems rather than individual septic tanks and nitrification fields
had been recognized for 20 years. In-depth plans and studies towards this goal were made
as early as 1968.
This Plan includes policy that the County will actively help to seek such systems for those
areas of the County projected to be of urban character, with the expectation that private
enterprise will prove the only viable vehicle to accomplish this goal.
Storm Drainage System
With urbanization is the accompanying need for detailed environmentally sensitive storm
drainage plans to serve as a guide as development occurs.
IThis is an unmet need of the County.
1 Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 66

In 1986, the County added to its staff a professional hydrologist, and one of his various
assignments is the development of such plans.
More recently, trends in controls at the State level over concern as to water quality and
possible development of law by the State mandating involved means of providing storm
drainage may well accelerate need for the development of such plans. It is expected such
studies will start with the more rapidly developing watersheds.
Potable Water System
After years of study, the County entered the water business on a fairly large scale in 1974,
providing a water treatment plant served by a well field, located about two miles west of
the Southport -Oak Island area, on NC 211. Trunk mains were provided so that this plant
served the Southport area, the rapidly developing unincorporated area related both to
Southport and to Oak Island, and Caswell Beach, Long Beach and Yaupon Beach on Oak
Island and then via trunk main under the Lockwood Folly Inlet to Holden Beach.
That system was upgraded in 1980 and the plant is capable of producing six million gallons
of potable water a day.
Starting in 1981, a major expansion of the system began, extending trunk mains, with
necessary booster pumping stations and water tanks, northerly from Holden Beach via NC
130 through the heavily developed area between the Lockwood Folly and Shallotte Rivers
to and through Shallotte thence via NC 179 through the heavily developing southwestern
sector of the County all the way through Calabash to a point just shy of the South Carolina
state line. Shallotte, Ocean Isle Beach, and Sunset Beach then tied on the County's system,
together with approximately 1,000 "rural" customer connections. ,
More recently, a new 24 million gallon per day water treatment plant has been opened, with
an extensive additional network of trunk mains.
The main source of water was changed in the early 1980s. The County made an "up front"
loan of $7,000,000 to the Lower Cape Fear Water and Sewer Authority to permit that agency
to undertake a regional project. Net result is the principal source of water now is from the
Cape Fear River above the first lock in Bladen County. From there, it is pumped through
a 48" trunk main through Columbus County into Brunswick County, where it connects at
the new water treatment plant in the northwest area of the County.
From this new 24 MGD plant, capable of easy expansion to 48 MGD, 48" trunk mains
extend, then 42", then 36", and in some cases, then down to 24", running in varying
directions. These new connections cut through the northeastern portion of the County and
provide a connecting point for the Leland Sanitary District on Mount Misery Road, then via
Sunny Point Railroad right-of-way, then southwesterly on U.S. 17 to connect into the
system in Shallotte, and southerly to connect into the original plant on NC 211 in the
Southport -Oak Island area.
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With the advent f dve t o these expanded services, in this short period of time over 301arge new
subdivisions have provided water distribution systems and connected to the County
system, dedicating to the County their distribution lines.
The County obtained a Special Act in 1985 permitting existing or partly developed
subdivisions to obtain water distribution lines, by means of up -fronting funds with a
Special Assessment District created.
Further, the County has continued to add to the base system as needs arise, such as
additional pumping stations and more trunk mains.
A UtilityOperations Board was created in 1986 $3 000 000 in funds provided, and the
P p ,
County is the active agent in establishment of water distribution system special assessment
districts. One hundred subdivision or geographic areas were identified as result of an
existing land use study in April and May,1985,which merit water service at the earliest op-
portunity. Priorities were established, and this is an ongoing program.
On the basis of this Land Use Plan Update, and using the most recent projections of the
1 North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management showing a permanent resident
population of Brunswick County of 96,755 by the year 2010, and recognizing that during
tourist season that population is three times that size, the Utility Operations Board is
1 undertaking additional study to determine needs and priorities to assure this system
continues to meet needs.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 68

Section 2.0
Policies for Growth
and Development
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 69

Introduction to the Policies
The data collection and analysis described in Section 1 of this plan was geared to gathering
and summarizing information related to the growth of Brunswick County. Building upon
this information, a series of official local government policies are hereby set forth. As
officially adopted policies of the Brunswick County Board of Commissioners, they serve as
the basis for future decisions on land use, development and capital improvements.
IPolicy Format
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Each major policy category in the 1987 update to the Policies for Growth and Development
is addressed according to the following format:
Discussion - A brief summary of the issues and relevant findings.
Policy Statement - A statement of local government principle designed to achieve
legitimate public objectives related to the issue.
Implementation - Assignable actions designed to carry out the policies, and
Actions which can be accomplished within the 1987-1992 timeframe.
It is important to understand that discussion and'implementation actions are not policies,
and do not carry the same degree of importance as the actual policy statements. The
narrative in each discussion section is designed to provide background and rationale for the
ensuing policy statement. In most instances, the discussion serves to identify a problem or
issue, and may present a summary of findings from other technical studies. There is no
intent to establish policy within any discussion section. More detailed discussions of issues
related to policies are found in the earlier information sections of the Plan.
Short-term (i.e. within five years) implementation actions are designed to suggest several
possible courses of action available to a County government to carry out the policies. The
suggested actions are not intended to be all-inclusive, nor are they binding. In other words,
as conditions change, additional actions may be added to the list and others removed.
The policy statements, on the other hand, must be viewed in a wholly different light. As
statements of local government principal, the policies should remain substantially un-
changed during the five year planning period. Frequent changes to the policies would
undermine their effectiveness in achieving intended goals and objectives. Indeed, the
policies are designed to maintain a consistent and predictable direction for local govern-
ment decisions affecting the local growth and development of the planning period.
Therefore, in reviewing the pages that follow, the reader is asked to focus greatest attention
on the policies, while relying upon the discussion and implementation actions primarily as
explanations as to intent.
Brunswick County believes that it would be appropriate to begin the policy section of this
Plan with a comprehensive guiding policy regarding the position of the County in regards
to the overall future growth and development of the County.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 70

It is recognized that imminent, rapid growth is occurring in Brunswick County due to its
coastal location. This growth is predominantly in the form of a growing tourist economy
and rapidly rising seasonal and permanent populations. This growth is deemed to be
beneficial and, in most respects, is encouraged.
Policy 2.0
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE CURRENT GROWTH TREND BEING
EXPERIENCED AND,TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, WILL PLAN FOR AND ACCOM-
MODATE FUTURE GROWTH WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY MAINTAINING AND
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE RESIDENTS.
Implementation Actions
1. Adopt and follow the policies outlined in this Plan.
Page 71- Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

2.1 Resource Protection Policies
2.1.1 Constraints to Development
Different soil types possess varying degrees of suitability for development. In Brunswick
County there are soils with limitations for functional septic tank systems and soils with
limitations for the adequate support of building foundations. Soil limitations are further
explained and identified in Section 1.3.1(c).
' Another natural constraint to development is the occurrence of flood prone areas in the
County. Flood prone areas are identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Special
Program (SPLASH). A Composite Natural Hazards Map identifying flood prone areas is
presented in the back of this Plan.
Soil survey maps, FIRMS and SPLASH maps are available for inspection in the County
Planning Department.
Policy 2.1.1(a)
DEVELOPMENT IS ENCOURAGED TO LOCATE IN AREAS WITHOUT SOIL
' SUITABILITY PROBLEMS; HOWEVER, IN AREAS WHERE SUITABILITY PROB-
LEMS DO EXIST, ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS ARE SUPPORTED TO THE EXTENT
THAT THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IS NOT COMPROMISED.
Implementation Actions
1. The County Sanitarian and Soil Scientist will work with local developers to properly
address soil suitability problems.
2. State health laws regarding septic tank systems will continue to be enforcecd by the
County Sanitarian.
3. Approvals for subdivisions will be denied b the Planning Board if soil suitabili
PP Y g tY
problems cannot be adequately addressed.
4. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented which discourages higher
density and intensive uses in areas with uncorrectable soil suitability problems.
Policy 2.1.1(b)
' BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE ADMINISTRATION AND STRICT EN-
FORCEMENT OF ALL APPLICABLE FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT REGULA-
TIONS AND THE NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAMS.
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 72

Implementation Actions
1. Building permits will not be issued to developments not in accordance with the above
regulations.
2. In areas identified by the FI12Ms 100 year flood zone, all developments are required to
show precise elevations.
3. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented which discourages devel-
opment in severe flood prone areas.
2.1.2 Areas of Environmental Concern
The Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) of North Carolina calls for the identification
of certain environmentally fragile and important land and water areas that are judged to
be of greater than local significance. The Coastal Resources Commission (CRC), in
cooperation with local governments in the 20 county coastal area, has developed a program
of permit review and coordination within these Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's).
The intent of the regulatory program is not to stop development, but rather to insure the
compatibility of development with the continued productivity and value of certain critical
land and water areas.
Detailed descriptions of all AEC's found in Brunswick County are located in Section 1.3.2
of this Plan.
Policy 2.1.2(a) Coastal Wetland AEC's
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS ALL REASONABLE AND APPROPRIATE
EFFORTS TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES OF
COASTAL WETLAND AEC's BALANCED AGAINST THE ECONOMIC AND
COMMUNITY VALUE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIERS, DOCKS, AND MARI-
NAS WHICH SERVE THE PUBLIC, WHETHER THEY BE PUBLICLY OR PRI-
VATELY OWNED FACILITIES.
Implementation Actions
1. CAMA permits are required for all developments in Coastal Wetland AEC's.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented that is sensitive to all
AEC's.
Policy 2.1.2(b) Estuarine Water AEC's
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF
ESTUARINE WATER AEC's BY DISCOURAGING OR REQUIRING MITIGATION
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FROM DEVELOPMENTS WHICH WOULD PERMANENTLY AFFECT THE FUNC-
TION, CLEANLINESS, SALINITY, AND CIRCULATION OF ESTUARINE WATER
RESOURCES.
Implementation Actions
1. CAMA permits are required for all developments in Estuarine Water AEC's.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented that is sensitive to all
AEC's.
Policy 2.1.2(c) Public Trust AEC's
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC RIGHTS FOR
NAVIGATION AND RECREATION IN PUBLIC TRUST AEC's, TEMPERED BY THE
COMMUNITY'S NEED FOR PIERS AND DOCKS WHICH SERVE AND BENEFIT
THE PUBLIC, WHETHER PUBLICLY OR PRIVATELY OWNED.
Implementation Actions
1. CAMA permits are required for all developments in Public Trust AEC's.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented that is sensitive to all
AEC's.
Policy 2.1.2(d) Estuarine Shoreline AEC's
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF
ITS ESTUARINE SHORELINES AND, ACCORDINGLY, ALL DEVELOPMENT
WITHIN THESE AEC's SHALL BE SUBJECT TO STATE AND FEDERAL REGULA-
TIONS.
Implementation Actions
1. CAMA permits are required for all developments in Estuarine Shoreline AEC's.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented that is sensitive to all
AEC's.
Policy 2.1.2(e) Ocean Hazard AEC's
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS STATE AND FEDERAL GUIDELINES CON-
TROLLING DEVELOPMENT IN THE OCEAN HAZARD AEC OF THE BAPTIST
ASSEMBLY GROUND, THE ONLY OCEAN HAZARD AEC UNDER COUNTY
PLANNING JURISDICTION.
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 74

Implementation Actions
1. CAMA permits are required for all developments in Ocean Hazard AEC's.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented that is sensitive to all
AEC's.
Policy 2.1.2(f) Natural and Cultural Resource AEC's
WHEN IT IS IN THE BEST PUBLIC INTEREST, THE COUNTY WILL SUPPORT THE
DESIGNATION OF APPROPRIATE AREAS AS NATURAL AND CULTURAL RE-
SOURCE AEC's (COASTAL COMPLEX NATURAL AREAS, COASTAL AREAS
THAT SUSTAIN REMNANT SPECIES, UNIQUE COASTAL GEOLOGIC FORMA-
TIONS, SIGNIFICANT COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES, AND SIGIFI-
CANT COASTAL HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES).
Implementation Actions
1. CAMA permits are required for all developments in Natural and Cultural Resource
AEC's.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented that is sensitive to all
AEC's.
2.1.3 Other Hazardous or Fragile Land Areas
Besides those areas designated as AEC's, there are numerous other hazardous and fragile
land areas in Brunswick County. The County regards these areas to be no less significant
than those officially designated, and has established policies to guide development
practices and land use decisions in these areas.
These other hazardous and/or fragile land areas that exist in Brunswick County are
described in Section 1.3.2 of this Plan.
Policy 2.1.3(a) Freshwater Swamps and Marshes
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS EFFORTS TO PRESERVE AND PROTECT THE
MANY PRIVATE AND PUBLIC FRESHWATER SWAMPS AND MARSHES WITHIN
COUNTY JURISDICTION.
Implementation Actions
1. A 404 permit from the Army Corps of Engineers is required for all developments located
within designated 404 wetlands.
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2. For all developments over one acre in size, a Sedimentation and Erosion Control Permit
is required from the NC Department of Natural Resources and Community Develop-
ment.
' Policy 2.1.3(b) Cultural and Historic Resources
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE PROTECTION OF OTHER NATURAL
AND CULTURAL RESOURCE AREAS (BEYOND THOSE DESIGNATED AS AECs)
IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THEIR SCIENTIFIC, EDUCATIONAL, AND AESTHETIC
VALUES AND QUALITIES.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will continue to maintain an inventory of such significant areas.
Policy 2.1.3(c) Manmade Hazards
BRUNSWICK COUNTY WILL SEEK TO MINIMZE POTENTIAL LAND USE CON-
FLICTS AND HAZARDS RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT IN AREAS ADJACENT OR
NEAR TO THE: SUNNY POINT MILITARY INSTALLATION, PFIZER CHEMICAL
FACILITY, CP&L NUCLEAR GENERATOR FACILITY, THE DUPONT FACILITY,
AND THE THREE AIRSTRIPS WITHIN THE COUNTY.
Note: Manmade Hazards are further described in Section 1.3.1(b) of this Plan.
Implementation Actions
1. Existing airport zoning ordinances will continue to be enforced.
' 2. A County zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented to ensure land use
compatibility in areas where manmade hazards exist.
2.1.4 Hurricane and Flood Evacuation
Section 2.5 of this Plan deals exclusively and comprehensively with the subject of storm
hazard mitigation, post disaster recovery, and evacuation. Specific policies regarding
hurricane and flood evacuation are outlined in that section of the Plan.
' 2.1.5 Protection of Potable Water Supply
Brunswick County is currently expanding the urban areas public water supply system. It
' is anticipated that all existing and future development within the developed and transi-
tional land classes of the County. Incorporated municipalities will also be serviced by this
' system. There is concern that continued groundwater extraction will accelerate salt water
IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 76

intrusion, especially in the coastal areas. The County recognizes its groundwater resources
to be a valuable commodity and will continue to protect water quality.
Policy 2.1.5
BRUNSWICK COUNTY WILL CONTINUE IMPROVEMENTS AND EXPANSION
OF THE PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND WILL CONTINUE TO PROTECT
THE QUALITY OF THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE THROUGH IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM; CONTROL OF TOXIC INDUS-
TRIAL AND SEPTIC EFFLUENT DISCHARGES INTO GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES
AND EFFECTIVE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND EROSION/SEDIMENTA-
TION CONTROLS.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will require mandatory hook-up to the public water supply system when
it is available.
2 The County will support state and federal guidelines for industrial water pollution
control and septic limitations.
3. Environmentally sensitive development/ drainage schemes will be encouraged.
4. A Zoning Ordinance should be developed and implemented which encourages higher
density and more intensive development to locate in areas where public water exists.
2.1.6 Package Sewage Treatment Plants
In the absence of a county -wide central sewerage treatment and disposal system, Brun-
swick County encourages the use of private, small package sewage treatment plants and
dry sewers to service developments. The installation of a central sewage system is a long
way off and package treatment plants are deemed to be an acceptable intermediate solution
over the continued use of septic systems. Many areas of the County have severe septic
limitations due to poor soil suitability.
Policy 2.1.6
BRUNSWICK COUNTY ENCOURAGES THE USE OF PRIVATE, SMALL PACKAGE
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS AND DRY SEWERS FOR ALL APPROPRIATELY
SCALED DEVELOPMENTS UNTIL SUCH TIME THAT A DISTRICT SEWAGE
TREATMENT SYSTEM IS FEASIBLE AND AVAILABLE, ESPECIALLY IN THOSE
AREAS WITH SEPTIC LIMITATIONS.
Page 77 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

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Implementation Actions
' 1. In areas with uncorrectable soil suitability problems causing severe septic limitations,
a package sewage treatement plant will be required of all major subdivision projects.
' 2.1.7 Stormwater Runoff
The protection of surface water quality is particularly important in the coastal areas of
Brunswick County, where the rivers and estuarine areas play an important environmental
' and economic role. The County encourages all developments to utilize environmentally
sensitive stormwater management practices. Additionally, the County supports strong
local, state and federal stormwater runoff guidelines for inland counties which play an
equal if not greater role in effecting surface water quality, but are currently not regulated
as restrictively as coastal counties.
Policy 2.1.7
BRUNSWICK COUNTY ENCOURAGES ALL DEVELOPMENT TO PRACTICE EF-
FECTIVE STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ORDER TO PROTECT
THE QUALITY OF THE COUNTY'S STREAMS, RIVERS, MARSHES AND ESTUAR-
INE SYSTEMS.
' Implementation Actions
' 1. Brunswick County will enforce all water quality standards established by the North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management.
2. Stormwater management plans will continue to be reviewed as part of subdivision
approval.
0
3. Brunswick County will support all standards and regulations of the North Carolina
Natural Resources and Community Development Sedimentation Erosion Control Act.
4. CAMA permits will be required of all proposed developments in AFC's.
2.1.8 Marina and Floating Home Development
Marina development is encouraged in Brunswick County as there is an increasing demand
for such development in the area. Marina developments need to be balanced against the
equally important aspect of environmental protections. Marina developments which
minimize and mitigate environmental impacts will be favored over those which do not.
Floating Home development is not seen by the Planning Board to have any significant
benefit to the County. The environmental, aesthetic and public trust area problems
associated with such developments are deemed to far outweigh any potential economic
benefits gained.
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 78

Policy 2.1.8(a)
BRUNSWICK COUNTY ENCOURAGES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE MA-
RINA DEVELOPMENT.
Policy 2.1.8(b)
BRUNSWICK COUNTY DISCOURAGES FLOATING HOME DEVELOPMENT IN
THE WATERWAYS AND ALONG THE SHORELINES OF THE COUNTY.
Implementation Actions
1. Navigable waterways and water quality standards will be enforced in Brunswick
County.
2.1.9 Industry in Fragile Areas
Clean industry is encouraged throughout the County. Preferably, the County would not
like to seeindustrial industrial development in fragile areas; however, certain resource -linked
industries have a need to locate adjacent to resources which are also deemed as fragile. An
example of this type of industry is a marina/boat yard which has to be located along a
waterway. The County will consider all industrial location decisions on a case by case basis
and when it is felt appropriate and necessary for an industry to locate in a fragile area,
environmental impacts will be mitigated to the greatest extent possible.
Policy 2.1.9
CLEAN INDUSTRIES WILL BE ALLOWED TO LOCATE IN FRAGILE AREAS
WHEN PROVEN ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO DO SO AND ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS CAN BE MITIGATED.
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County will require all industries proposing to locate in fragile areas to have
prepared an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) with acceptable mitigation strate-
gies.
2. A CAMA permit will be required of all developments in AEC's.
3. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented which imposes perform-
ance standards for industrial uses.
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' 2.1.10 Development of Sound and Estuarine m Islands p st a System s ds
iThere are many small sound and estuarine islands in Brunswick County which are
privately owned. The most significant of these islands is Bird Island. These islands under
' private ownership should be allowed to be developed in accordance with private property
rights enjoyed by other property owners in the County, provided the natural environment
is not compromised.
Policy 2.1.10
' DEVELOPMENT OF SOUND AND ESTUARINE SYSTEMS ISLANDS IS PERMIT-
TED PROVIDED THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IS NOT COMPROMISED.
Implementation Actions
1. A CAMA permit is required of all proposed developments located within Estuarine
Shoreline AEC's.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 80

2.2 Resource Production and Management Policies
2.2.1 Productive Agricultural Lands
Agricultural lands and production have been decreasing in Brunswick County over recent
years due to a general downtrend in the U.S. farm economy. Farm lands in Brunswick
County are not yet experiencing significant development pressures. Currently, agricul-
tural practices are not placing severe adverse impacts on the natural environment. For
these reasons, the County's policy on agricultural lands is oriented towards general
support of farming.
Policy 2.2.1
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE CONTINUED PRODUCTIVE AGRICUL-
TURAL USE OF LANDS TEMPERED BY THE PROPERTY OWNER'S RIGHTS TO
DEVELOP HIS LAND IF HE SO WISHES UNDER ALL APPLICABLE REGULA-
TIONS.
Implementation Actions
1. A zoning ordinance should be developed and .implemented which protects active
farmland from intense development pressures.
2.2.2 Commercial Forest Lands
The Planning Board estimates that approximately two-thirds of all land in Brunswick
County are commercial forest lands. Commercial forest lands for paper production are a
very important land use in the County. Commercial forestry activities in accordance with
standards and recommendations of the U.S. Forestry Service are not deemed to have
significant adverse environmental impacts.
Policy 2.2.2
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS COMMERCIAL FORESTRY AS A MAJOR
LAND USE PROVIDED SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS ON NATURAL RE-
SOURCE SYSTEMS CONTINUE TO BE MINIMAL.
Implementation Actions
1. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented which, on one hand,
protects commercial forest lands and, on the other, would easily facilitate higher
intensity land use should commercial forestry no longer become a viable use of the land.
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' 2.2.3 Mineral Production Areas
There are no significant mineral production and mining activities in Brunswick County.
There are deposits of sand, gravel and coquina scattered throughout the County. The
feasibility of mineral or peat mining and production is speculative at best and would have
' to be considered at the appropriate time given the prevailing circumstances.
Policy 2.2.3
MINERAL PRODUCTION AND MINING ACTIVITIES WILL BE CONSIDERED ON
A CASE BY CASE REVIEW OF ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
AND LAND USE IMPACTS.
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County will enforce all state guidelines and regulations regarding mining
and extraction activities.
2.2.4 Fisheries Resources
Brunswick County has been experiencing increasing amounts of recreational fishing boats
in its waters with the growth of tourism. There is public concern that the County's waters
are being overfished and that all manner of marine life is being rapidly depleted. The
County would like to see better fisheries management and enforcement in its waters.
Additionally, the County is interested in the feasibility of aquaculture to aid in restoration
of fish and other marine populations. N
Policy 2.2.4
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS EFFORTS TO MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE
THE FISHERIES RESOURCES OF ITS WATERS, INCLUDING BETTER FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT AND ENFORCEMENT SUPPLEMENTED BY AQUACULTURE
ACTIVITIES.
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County will participate in the off -shore artificial reef program.
2. Brunswick County will help facilitate permits for aquaculture activities.
3. Brunswick County will support and assist the Department of Marine Fisheries in its
Fisheries Management Enforcement activities.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 82

2.2.5 Off -Road Vehicles
The majority of four wheel drive vehicle use in Brunswick County occurs along the beaches
which are not under County jurisdiction. Off -road vehicles have also been known to
traverse the County's wetlands and other fragile areas. This practice is highly discouraged
in wetland areas because of the adverse impacts these vehicles inflict.
Policy 2.2.5
BRUNSWICK COUNTY DISCOURAGES THE USE OF OFF -ROAD VEHICLES IN
ALL FRAGILE AREAS BECAUSE OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS.
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County will enforce all private property trespass laws.
2. Brunswick County will enforce AEC guidelines for fragile areas which restrict off -road
vehicle use.
2.2.6 Development Impacts
Allof the County's major development impact issues are covered under specific policy area
headings in various parts of Section 2 of this Plan. The Table of Contents provides a means
of quickly identifying particular development impact policies.
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' 2.3 Economic and CommunityDevelopment
p ent Policies
Of equal importance to resource protection, production and management is the economic
and community development of Brunswick County. Policies outlined in Section 2.3 will
' encompass such issues as the types and locations of development, provision of services for
development, the desired pattern of development, state and federal program support, and
other more local issues.
' 2.3.1 Types and Locations of Desired Industries
' Brunswick County encourages clean industry to locate throughout the County as long as
siting is compatible with existing land uses and environmental impacts can be mitigated.
' Industrial location in fragile areas is not encouraged; however, it is recognized that certain
industries necessarily need to be resource based. Industrial siting in fragile areas will be
reviewed on a more rigorous case by case basis (discussed in policy area 2.1.9).
' Tourism and related services is the biggest growth industry in the County and it is
recognized that Brunswick County's greatest tourism attractions are its coastal proximity
and unspoiled natural environment. Therefore, the County feels it essential to protect these
vital assets. To this end, potentially hazardous industries such as those which produce
hazardous wastes and toxic substances, and which cannot clearly demonstrate how such
wastes will be adequately disposed of, will, in the future, be discouraged.
Policy 2.3.1
BRUNSWI K C COUNTY ENCOURAGES THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN INDUS-
TRY THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY, PROVIDED SUCH DEVELOPMENT IS COM-
PATIBLE WITH SURROUNDING LAND USES AND THAT POTENTIAL ENVIRON-
MENTAL IMPACTS CAN BE EFFECTIVELY MITIGATED. HAZARDOUS WASTE
' DISPOSAL SITES ARE DISCOURAGED WITHIN THE COUNTY.
Implementation Actions
1. A zoning ordinance should be implemented with performance standards for industrial
uses.
2. Brunswick County will require all potential industry to obtain applicable State an
d
' Federal permits.
2.3.2 Provision of Services to Development
Brunswick County is attempting to provide basic services to new and existing develop-
ments in the unincorporated areas of the County classified as Developed or Transitional.
A central piped water supply system is already in place and capacity is being expanded.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 84

The County supports and encourages private district based wastewater treatment services
for developed areas in the absence of a county -wide sewer system. Several municipalities
within the County are tied into the County piped water supply system and have their own
municipal sewerage systems. All municipal and unincorporated areas of the County utilize
the County operated sanitary landfill for solid waste disposal. Collection and disposal
services will need to be expanded to facilitate future growth. Strides are being made in this
area.
As discussed in Section 1.4 of this Plan, other Brunswick County community facilities and
services are being adequately provided for. Although school enrollments have been
increasing in recent years, there is not expected to be an overwhelming demand for
additional school services since the majority of population growth in the County is
attributable to tourism, seasonal influxes and retirees. School facility planning is addressed
separately in the "Brunswick County School Survey Report 1984-85" and referenced in
section 1.4.6 of this Plan. (Road development will be discussed in a separate policy area.)
Policy 2.3.2
BRUNSWICK COUNTY WILL STRIVE, TO THE BEST EXTENT POSSIBLE, TO
FACILITATE THE EXPANSION OF PUBLIC SERVICES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF
EXISTING AND FUTURE POPULATIONS.
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County will continue an ongoing program of expanding and improving
public services and facilities through the plan period, as outlined in Section 1.5.3 and in
the annual budgets.
2. A detailed 5 year Capital Improvements Program should be developed in conjunction
with this Land Use Plan and the annual County budget.
2.3.3 Urban Growth Pattern
The urban growth pattern of Brunswick County is predictably linear along its Atlantic coast
and somewhat along the western bank of the Cape Fear River. In 1986 it is estimated that
between 75 and 80 percent of the County's total population is located in the unincorporated
areas of the County. Rapid growth is still being experienced in the incorporated beach
communities, particularly in the southern portion of the County. Strong growth is also
being experienced in the Shallotte area and in the Leland/ Belville/Navassa area. Most of
this growth has taken the form of low to medium density single-family residential.
The growth pattern of Brunswick County has, and will continue to be, strongly influenced
by its coastal proximity and the existing road system. A public piped water supply system
is reinforcing the existing urban pattern. Should any development occur at all in the remote
non -serviced areas of the County, it should preferably be low density residential.
Page 85 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

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Policy 2.3.3
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS AND ENCOURAGES THE CONTINUED EX-
PANSION OF THE EXISTING URBAN GROWTH PATTERN AND WILL ATTEMPT
TO MANAGE FUTURE GROWTH THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF
ENHANCED LAND USE CONTROLS AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT TECH-
NIQUES.
Implementation Actions
1. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented which reflects the overall
pattern and trend of the Land Classification Map and facilitates the adjacent spatial
location of compatible land uses.
2. Public services and facilities provided by Brunswick County, such as piped water, will
be extended in accordance with the established pattern of growth.
2.3.4 Redevelopment
Beyond scattered historic home restoration, there is little restoration /redevelopment activ-
ity occurring in the unincorporated areas of Brunswick County. The need for traditional
forms of redevelopment seems to take care of itself moreso in Brunswick County than in
other counties that are experiencing less dramatic growth and escalating property values.
Policy 2.3.4
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS AND ENCOURAGES RESTORATION OF SIG-
NIFICANT AND ARCHITECTURALLY IMPORTANT HISTORIC STRUCTURES
AND REDEVELOPMENT OF SUBSTANDARD DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE
COUNTY.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will continue to enforce the State Building Code to ensure new and existing
developments comply with State safety and health standards.
2.3.5 State and Federal Program Support
Brunswick County recognizes and supports all applicable state and federal programs
affecting economic and community development. The County attempts to cooperate and
assist in the implementation of these programs whenever possible. Of most significant
importance to Brunswick County are those federal and state programs related to roads and
water transportation. The County supports the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' continued
maintenance of the I itracoastal Waterway and the North Carolina Department of
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 86

Transportation's ongoing Thoroughfare Improvements Plan. As identified elsewhere in
this Plan, the conditions of many roads in the County are hazardous. Immediate and
continuing improvements are needed.
Policy 2.3.5
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS ALL APPLICABLE STATE AND FEDERAL
PROGRAMS REGARDING ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT,
ESPECIALLYTHOSE PROGRAMS RELATED TO WATER AND ROAD TRANSPOR-
TATION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will work with the North Carolina Department of Transportation to
implement the recommendations of the ongoing Thoroughfare Plan.
2. The County will continue the economic development efforts of the County Resources
Development Commission.
3. The County staff will closely monitor Federal and State programs, especially grant
funding programs, with the interest of informing County Commissioners and the
Planning Board of important information or changes pertaining to these programs.
2.3.6 Channel Maintenance and Beach Nourishment
Brunswick County's beaches and boating waterways are vital to the tourism economy of ,
the entire County. Efforts to maintain the County's beaches and waterways are encouraged
by the Planning Board, including the use of Intracoastal Waterway dredge spoils for beach
renourishment and inlet stabilization.
Policy 2.3.6
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS THE CONTINUED MAINTENANCE OF NAVI-
GABLE CHANNELS AND INLETS AND THE RENOURISHMENT OF THE
COUNTY'S BEACHES.
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County support U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' ongoing maintenance and
beach renourishment activities.
2.3.7 Energy Facilities
There are currently two major energy producing industries in Brunswick County, Carolina
Power and Light and Cogentrix, Inc. Both of these industries are valuable economic assets
Page 87- Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

to the County. Future energy facilities locating in Brunswick County, whether on -shore or
off -shore, are encouraged to meet or exceed the standards of design and operation being
used by existing energy facilities. It will be the burden of future energy facilities, as well
as any other major industries, to prove that their design and operations will have no
significant adverse impacts on the environment or the County's communities and people.
Policy 2.3.7
ANY NEW MAJOR ENERGY FACILITIES TO BE LOCATED IN BRUNSWICK
COUNTY SHALL, PRIOR TO APPROVAL, MAKE A FULL DISCLOSURE OF ALL
COSTS AND BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT AND WILL FURTHER
MITIGATE ALL POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT.
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County will support the preparation of an Environmental Impact Assess-
ment and Mitigation Plan of any proposed new major energy facilities.
' 2.3.8 Tourism and Beach and Waterfront Access
The beaches and waterfronts of Brunswick County are its single greatest economic
' attraction. Maximum access to these areas is critical. The County only has a very small
amount of beach under its direct jurisdiction (Baptist Assembly Ground). Most of the
County's beaches are under the jurisdiction of incorporated beach municipalities. There
' is concern that the County's beaches and waterfront need to remain highly accessible in
order to facilitate new growth in tourism.
Policy 2.3.8
' BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS AND ENCOURAGES EFFORTS TO PROVIDE
REASONABLE PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE BEACHES AND COASTAL WATER-
FRONTS.
' . Implementation Actions
' 1. Brunswick County will participate in State Beach Access programs.
2.3.9 Coastal and Estuarine Water Access
' Equally important to beach access is the continued provision of access to the County's
estuarine waters, the Intracoastal Waterway, and other coastal areas. This issue is not felt
to have been adequately addressed in the past.
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' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 88

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Policy 2.3.9
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS AND ENCOURAGES EFFORTS TO PROVIDE '
REASONABLE PUBLIC ACCESS TO ITS ESTUARINE WATERS, THE INTRACOAS-
TAL WATERWAY, AND OTHER COASTAL AREAS. '
Implementation Actions
1. Brunswick County will participate in State Coastal and Estuarine Water Access pro-
grams.
2.3.10 Residential Development
Rapidly increasing residential development is a direct outcome of Brunswick County's '
tremendous tourism, seasonal and permanent population growth. As stated in Policy 2.0,
it is the County's intention to encourage and service existing and new residential develop- '
ment to the extent possible. A wide variety of housing types and costs is encouraged.
Brunswick County experienced approximately 50 percent increase in total housing units
between 1980 and 1986. Mobile homes constituted a large percentage of these 10,686 total
units added. The County is currently considering a mobile home ordinance to manage this
type of residential growth since it is expected that manufactured housing will continue to
be prevalent in the future development of the County. The location of new residential '
development should be generally located in those areas identified as appropriate on the
Land Classification Map.
Policy 2.3.10
A VARIETY OF SAFE, SANITARY, AND AFFORDABLE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOP-
MENT TYPES IS ENCOURAGED WITHIN THOSE AREAS OF BRUNSWICK
COUNTY IDENTIFIED AS APPROPRIATE BY THE LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
IN CONCURRENCE WITH THE PROVISION OF NECESSARY URBAN SERVICES.
Implementation Actions
1. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented to guide the location and
density of future residential development.
2. The County subdivision ordinance should be strengthened to better control subdivision
design and improvements, including the establishment of minimum lot sizes.
3. The County should consider the development and implemention of a mobile home or-
dinance.
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2.3.11 Commercial Development
In the past, the commercial needs of Brunswick County residents were met by either Myrtle
Beach, Whiteville, or Wilmington. As the County continues to grow, the need for more
localized commercial activities and services also continues to increase. Commercial
Development is therefore encouraged in order to meet the needs of expanding residential
markets.
In most urban areas, there is a natural tendency for commercial uses to locate in a stripped
fashion along the area's major highways. Such stripping provides maximum exposure to
the traveling public and allows developers to pick scattered sites where real estate prices
are less competitive.
Unfortunately, this pattern of development has many public costs:
1. The use and efficiency of the highway is diminished by the number of driveway cuts and
turnouts onto the highway. This can cause an unpredictable flow of traffic, resulting in
congestion and increased accidents. In most instances, it eventually results in the loss
of the highway for its originally intended purpose, that of moving traffic through the
area. Parallel roads must then be built at additional public expense.
2, This stripped development pattern is also more costly to service with regard to the
extension of water and sewer lines, police and fire protection, and trash collection.
3. Strip commercialization can eventually lead to visual blight due to a proliferation of
signs, variable setbacks, unplanned parking areas with minimal landscaping, etc.
Strip commercial is prevalent in Shallotte along US 17 and in other spots throughout the
County.
Policy 2.3.11
BRUNSWICK COUNTY ENCOURAGES COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AP-
PROPRIATE LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY; THE COUNTY DIS-
COURAGES COMMERCIAL STRIP DEVELOPMENT.
Implementation Actions
1. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented to•giide the location and
intensity of future commercial development.
2.3.12 Airstrips and Airports
Brunswick County has three airstrips (identified on the Community Facilities Map) with
no commercial service. Air service expansion is expected to be necessary in light of
increasing growth and development. It is essential that land uses adjacent to airport
development and expansion areas be compatible with this most necessary service.
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 90

Policy 2.3.12
BRUNSWICK COUNTY ENCOURAGES AIRPORT EXPANSION AND DEVELOP-
MENT TO BETTER SERVE THE TOURISM ECONOMY.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will continue to enforce airport zoning on land adjacent to existing airstrips
in order to ensure land use compatibility.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented which is sensitive to future
airport expansion/relocation needs.
2.3.13 Roads
The number one issue identified in public meetings in Brunswick County is the numerous
inadequate and unsafe roadways. Numerous road areas with unusually high accident
concentrations are identified in Section 1.3.1(b) of this Plan. The North Carolina Depart-
ment of Transportation (NCDOT) is currently working on a Thoroughfare Plan for
Brunswick County which will identify inadequate and unsafe areas and recommends
necessary improvements. The preliminary recommendations of this Plan regarding
necessary new roads and improvements are exhibited on the Community Facilities Map.
Brunswick County roads are particularly hazardous during the summertime peak popu-
lation months and in areas where expedient evacuation may be necessary.
Another issue of concern in the County is the number of inadequate and unpaved
subdivision roads. The primary reason subdivision roads need to be standard is to ensure
that emergency vehicles will be able to safely operate on them should an emergency arise.
Policy 2.3.13
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUPPORTS ALL STATE AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS
DESIGNED FOR LOCAL ROAD IMPROVEMENT, AND ENCOURAGES THAT ALL
SUBSTANDARD EXISTING SUBDIVISION ROADS BE UPGRADED AND IM-
PROVED TO AT LEAST STATE SECONDARY ROAD STANDARDS, AND THAT
ALL NEW SUBDIVISION ROADS ALSO BE CONSTRUCTED TO AT LEAST THAT
STANDARD.
Implementation Actions
1. The County will work with the NCDOT to implement the recommendations of the
ongoing Thoroughfare Plan.
Page 91 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

2. The subdivision ordinance should be improved to ensure that all new subdivision roads
be constructed to at least State secondary road standards.
2.3.14 Beautification
Part of Brunswick County's tourism attraction is its unspoiled beauty and unobtrusive
scale of development. It is important that these characteristics be preserved in order to
' maintain and improve the tourism economy.
Policy 2.3.14
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SHALL SEEK TO ENCOURAGE BEAUTIFICATION MEAS-
URES WHICH PRESERVE THE NATURAL AMENITIES OF THE COMMUNITY
WHICH FIRST ATTRACTED TOURISTS HERE TO BEGIN WITH.
Implementation Actions
1. Important tourism transportation corridors should be identified and tagged for focused
' beautification efforts.
2. A zoning ordinance should be developed and implemented which establishes beauti-
fication standards for identified important tourism corridors, discourages strip devel-
opment and establishes adequate setbacks, buffering and landscaping requirements.
3. The County should continue and step-up enforcement of the litter and refuse ordinance.
4. The County should consider developing and implementing a sign and mobile home
ordinance.
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Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 92

2.4 Public Participation Policies
Introduction
Since its inception, North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act Program has placed a
high level of emphasis on public participation in the development of local land use plans
and policies. The intent is to insure that the resulting policies reflect, as closely as possible,
the will of the people in the community.
Process
The public participation process for this Land Use Plan Update began in the Fall of 1985.
A series of seven public work sessions was conducted in November. Meetings were
advertised and held in each of the County's six townships. In addition, a seventh meeting
was held for identified organizations and interest groups within the County. A total of
ninety persons participated. The purpose of this series of meetings was to identify
important land use problems and opportunities for the plan update to address. A summary
of comments from those public meetings is included in Appendix 4 of this plan.
After the planwas preliminarily reviewed by the Coastal Resources Commission in the Fall
of 1986, a second series of public meetings were held in the Spring of 1987 to help further
define the issues. The Brunswick County Board of Commissioners declared the week of
May 11th through May 15th,1987 as "Land Use Week." A series of four public meetings
was advertised in the State Port Pilot and the Brunswick Beacon. Official public notice was
given and announcement flyers were distributed. In addition, 184 personalized letters
were sent to known interest groups and leading citizens inviting participation.
Despite these attempts, attendance at this round of public meetings was low. Each of the
four meetings held was co-chaired by members of the County Board of Commissioners and
the Planning Board. In order to maximize input from those attending, a nominal group
process was used to identify and prioritize development issues. A summary and prioriti-
zation of the issues discussed at each meeting is included in Appendix V of this plan. The
Planning Department conducted a comparative analysis of the priority ranking of major
problems, issues and opportunities identified in workshops and public hearings during
previous and current Land Use Plan Updates. This analysis is also presented in Appendix
V.
On June 17th the Brunswick County Planning Board conducted an advertised special
meeting to develop policy statements and implementation actions for this plan. Following
completion of the first draft, another Planning Board session was conducted August 19th
to discuss the Plan Update. On August 26th the Board met for another plan workshop and
later met jointly with the Brunswick County Commissioners to discuss setting a Public
Hearing for the Plan Update. The Commissioners set the Public Hearing for October 5,
,1987.
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The Public Hearing was advertised in the local press on September 2,1987. Copies of the
Public Hearing Draft Plan were sent for review to the County's 14 municipalities, Wilming-
ton and neighboring counties including Columbus, New Hanover, and Horry County, SC.
Additional copies of the Draft Plan were available for inspection in the County Planning
' Department. On October 5,1987 the Public Hearing was held and 13 residents attended.
Four persons spoke in favor of the plan and its reference to the need for zoning. No negative
comments regarding the Plan were received during the Public Hearing Process.
On October 21,1987 the Brunswick County Planning Board adopted the Brunswick County
Land Use Plan and Policies for Growth and Development: 1987 Update. The Brunswick
County Commissioners adopted the Plan November 2,1987.
' Overall, since the Fall of 1984, when work began on the Plan Update, the Planning Board
has addressed the Plan in 28 meetings open to the public. Since November,1985, seven
public hearings and 15 public workshops have been held regarding this Plan Update.
Policy 2.4.1
' BRUNSWICK COUNTY WILL, TO EVERY EXTENT POSSIBLE, ENCOURAGE PUB-
LIC INVOLVEMENT IN LAND USE PLANNING AND DECISION -MAKING BY
' IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION COORDINATION AND NOTICE.
Implementation Actions
1. Ensure adequate public notice of Planning Board meetings through the local press.
Ll
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 94

2.5 Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post -Disaster Recovery and Evacuation
Plan
Introduction
Brunswick County, like other coastal counties, is vulnerable to hurricanes. Because of this
vulnerability, the county must devise means by which development can be managed to
mitigate the hazards associated with hurricanes. To achieve this objective, hazardous areas
must be mapped in order to assess the county's vulnerability to damage, mitigation
processes must be identified and existing mitigation measures must be reviewed.
Flooding
Flooding is a hazard along the rivers in the county as well as the area immediately adjacent
to the Intracoastal Waterway. Since much of this area is attractive for residential develop-
ment, there is considerable private investment in these flood prone areas. Information
gathered from a land use survey conducted in spring, 1985, indicated that nearly 1,500
residential structures were located in flood hazard zones as identified by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The total value placed on these structures by the
Brunswick County Tax Supervisors office is approximately $41.2 million.
FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps identify those areas of land with a one percent chance
of flood inundation in any given year. These flood prone areas are primarily the result of
flooding that would be the result of storm surge, i.e. water that is pushed upstream by
strong winds. Some flooding on small tributaries could be attributed to the more typical
heavy rainfall over a short time period.
Storm surge flooding has been studied by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The Special
Program to List the Amplitude of Surge from Hurricanes (SPLASH) model was used to
map Storm Surge Inundation Areas so that evacuation studies could be made. The SPLASH
map shows surge levels based on class one through class five hurricanes. By using these
maps, local emergency management authorities can plan evaucation routes based on
anticipated inundation levels. The SPLASH map is available for inspection at the Brun-
swick County Planning Office. Both the FEMA map and the SPLASH map are lacking in
accuracy due to the lack of detailed topographical information in Brunswick County.
The most populated unincorporated areas of the county are generally not subject to
flooding. Populated areas include; the Leland area, the area between Southport and Oak
Island, and much of the area near the Intracoastal Waterway from the Lockwood Folly
River westward to the South Carolina state line. Lands immediately abutting the waterway
are subject to flooding.
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I
Winds
Hurricane force winds can cause serious structure damage as well as damage to overhead
utilities. Brunswick County is located in a zone identified by the State Building Code as
having a reasonable expectation of having 100 mph winds from a hurricane. The State
Building Code requires that any new structure built in the county be able to withstand
winds of 100 mph. The Building Code sets standards for design, anchorage and tie downs
for structures.
Composite Hazard Map
The Composite Hazards Map includes areas identified on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate
Map as being within the 100 year flood zone and areas identified by the Storm Surge
Inundation Areas Map. It serves as a general guide as to where flooding could occur;
however, it should not be used for site specific land use interpretation since detailed
elevation information is not provided.
Existing Development at Risk
Development in Brunswick County has historically taken place in a generally sweeping
pattern that runs east of NC 87 in the northeast, and south of US 17 in the Waccamaw area
which is in the northwest quadrant of the county. In the past five years, the greatest amount
of development has been occurring in those areas adjacent to the beach -communities, the
Intracoastal Waterway and the rivers. This growth is primarily reflected in summertime
populations rather than permanent populations. Development within the county's mu-
nicipalities is addressed within individual municipal land use plans.
As stated earlier, there is considerable development located within flood hazard areas.
There are, however, no recurring flooding problems on the mainland. Highway 17 in the
Winnabow area is subject to flooding during extreme rainfalls. There are other isolated
drainage problems that usually are associated with small area drainage basins.
None of the potentially hazardous industries located in Brunswick County (Sunny Point
Army Terminal, which stores and transfers hazardous materials, Carolina Power and Light
nuclear facility, and Pfizer Company which produces citric acid) are located in flood hazard
areas. These facilities are all located on Highway 133 near Southport.
Unfortunately, the same environmental conditions and geographic locations that make the
County so suceptible to hurricanes, also makes the County very attractive for seasonal,
second home and permanent populations. Land development in the flood prone areas will
continue to occur as the tourism/retirement economy of Brunswick County continues to
expand. The County estimated that in 1985 there were residential structures valued at
approximately $41.2 million within flood prone areas. 1987 Planning Department esti-
mates the value of all structures within flood prone areas has increased to nearly $58
million.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 96

2.5.1 Storm Hazard Mitigation
Storm hazard mitigation involves "activities which reduce the probability that a disaster
will occur and minimize the damage caused by a disaster. Such activities can range from
the establishment of a nationwide hurricane tracking system to the. adoption of local land
use regulations which discourage residential construction in floodprone areas. Mitigation
activities are not geared to a specific disaster, they result from a long-term concern for
avoiding the damages of future natural disasters." (McElyea, et al, Before The Storm:
Managing Development to Reduce Hurricane Damages, 1982).
Current Measures
Current storm hazard mitigation measures are incorporated in various County and State
ordinances and guidelines including the following:
- Brunswick County Flood Damage Preventors Ordinance.
- Brunswick County Building Code Ordinance.
- Brunswick County Subdivision Ordinance.
- Brunwick County Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
- Guidelines for Areas of Environmental Concern.
- NC -Residential Building Code.
Brunswick County regulates development in hazard areas primarily through the flood
plain management regulations which are outlined in Article 5, Articles A-E in Ordinance
No. 62, an Ordinance Enacting a Building Code for Brunswick County, North Carolina. All
development occurring in AEC areas must conform to state guidelines.
The following is a summary of findings relevant to the ability of current Brunswick County
regulaitons to adequately manage development in hazard areas:
BRUNSWICK COUNTY BUILDING CODE ORDINANCE
The Brunswick County Building Code Ordinance which was enacted April,1985 contains
an element entitled "Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction, (Article 5). This section cites
the requirements for new construction or substantial improvements in areas of special
flood hazard.
GENERAL STANDARDS
All structures shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement.
Construction materials and utility equipment must be resistant to flood damage.
Construction shall be by methods and practices that minimize flood damage.
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' All new replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate
Y 8m
infiltration of flood waters into the system.
New and replacement sewage h i d re p sanitary s ge systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate
1 infiltration of flood waters into the systems and discharges from the systems into flood
waters.
I On -site waste disposal systems (e.g., septic) shall be located and constructed to avoid
impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding.
SPECIFIC STANDARDS
Residential structures shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated no lower
than (1) foot above flood elevation.
Non-residential structures shall be either elevated no lower than (1) foot above the 100 year
base flood elevation or be flood proofed. A registered professional engineer or architect
must certify compliance with these standards.
No mobile home shall be placed in a floodway or coastal high hazard area, except in an
existing mobile home park or existing mobile home subdivision.
All mobile homes shallbe anchored to resist flotation, collapse, or lateral movement by
providing over -the -top and frame ties to ground achors.
In new mobile home parks and subdivisions, stands, or lots must be elevated on compacted
fill or on pilings so that the lowest floor of the mobile home will be at or -above the base flood
level.
The design and installation of anchorings and pilings must be certified by a registered
professional engineer or achitect.
No alteration of frontal dunes or use of fill for structural support shall occur in the V zone,
except as may be specifically allowed under applicable CAMA regulations.
Open space or breakaway walls (E.G. lattice work) must be used below base flood
elevations in V and A zones.
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SUBDIVISION ORDINANCE
The Brunswick County Subdivision Ordinance, which was adopted in 1980, is essentially
a registration ordinance for new divisions of land. It contains no specific design criteria for
the approval or disapproval of new subdivisions. Only streets that are to be dedicated to
the state require design and construction standards. This results in some private roads in
older subdivsion deteriorating and causing problems for vehicular traffic. The Subdivision
IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 98

Ordinance does contain general design requirements as they apply to flooding. These
requirements are as follows:
All minor subdivisions shall be designed so as to minimize flood damage to any lots,
building, or other facilities within the development.
All utilities in a subdivision shall be designed and constructed so as to eliminate or
minimize flood damage to those facilities.
All water supply and sewerage systems shall be designed so as to eliminate infiltration of
flood waters into the systems and to eliminate discharge from the systems into flood waters.
Adequate drainage shall be provided in all minor subdivisions so that exposure to flood
hazards will be at a minimum.
THE NORTH CAROLINA UNIFORM RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE
The North Carolina Uniform Residential Building Code is the tool that the County uses to
manage development to minimize potential wind damage. Structures must be designed
upon the size of the unit. The County does not have the authority to modify the Building
Code to better meet its needs. Under the laws of the State each county must enforce these
uniform regulations.
Zoning and Growth Management
Brunswick County does not have a zoning ordinance in effect in the unincorporated area.
Without a zoning ordinance, the county does not possess the primary means available to
local governments for controlling the location of different land uses and development in
general. It is apparent that the primary need of the County, in relation to storm hazard
mitigation, is the development of an ordinance to control how and where development
occurs.
Countywide zoning could serve as an effective tool to guide growth and development to
areas which would mitigate storm hazards. The provision, extension and timing of public
utilities such as piped water and sewer can also be an effective growth management and
storm hazard mitigation tool.
Storm Hazard Mitigation Policies
Policy 2.5.1(a)
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SHALL DISCOURAGE HIGH INTENSITY USES AND
LARGE STRUCTURES FROM BEING CONSTRUCTED WITHIN THE 100-YEAR
FLOODPLAIN, EROSION -PRONE AREAS, AND OTHER LOCATIONS SUSCEP-
TIBLE TO HURRICANE AND FLOODING HAZARDS.
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' Policy 2.5.1(b)
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE OF NORTH CARO-
LINA, SHALL CONSIDER PURCHASING PARCELS LOCATED IN HAZARD AR-
EAS OR RENDERED UNBUILDABLE BY STORMS OR OTHER EVENTS, FOR THE
PURPOSES OF SHOREFRONT ACCESS. DEVELOPERS MAY ALSO BE REQUIRED
TO PURCHASE SUCH PROPERTIES FOR PUBLIC ACCESS AS A CONDITION FOR
PROJECT APPROVAL.
Policy 2.5.1(c)
1 BRUNSWICK COUNTY SHALL CONTINUE TO ENFORCE THE NORTH CARO-
LINA BUILDING CODE, PARTICULARLY THOSE PROVISIONS WHICH REQUIRE
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS TO MEET WIND RESISTIVE FACTORS, I.E., DE-
SIGN, WIND VELOCITY.
Policy 2.5.1(d)
BRUNSWICK COUNTY ENCOURAGES THE PLACEMENT OF UTILITIES UNDER-
GROUND FOR ALL NEW DEVELOPMENT.
j2.51 Post Disaster Reconstruction
In order for the County to succeed in orderly reconstruction, each of the municipalities
must prepare reconstruction plans. This is especially imperative of the beaches since they
possess the greatest potential for destruction. The levels of hazard present in the County
and the small number of persons qualified to handle reconstruction, makes it necessary for
communities to make as many advance preparations as possible. The officials in each of the
jurisdictions in the county must review each of their policies to determine which ones will
be used in the guidance of reconstruction. Although each municipality will prepare its own
reconstruction plan, the plans will have to be coordinated. This is especially true of the
beaches because the beach communities are closely related and the actions of one munici-
pality may affect conditions in the others.
In the wake of a hurricane that causes a great deal of structural damage, the importance of
jurisdictional boundaries may be completely ignored as property owners return to repair
or rebuild their property. A reconstruction plan prepared in advance will alleviate much
of the confusion and make it possible for residents of all areas to rebuild quickly. It will also
offer the additional advantage of requiring them to rebuild safely.
The local authorities should work closely with the Division of Emergency Management to
determine if adequate evaluation has taken place. Local government authorities should be
mindful of evaulation considerations when development is proposed in hazard areas.
IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 100

To insure that there is coordination between the various municipalities and County
government, periodic meetings are held. These meetings, which are both of a formal and
informal nature are conducted to assure a constant state of preparedness for any foresee-
able disaster or emergency. The County Emergency Management Coordinator acts as a
liasion between municipal and county government on emergency preparedness matters.
Major Reconstruction Steps
It is of primary importance that local officials be aware of the federal, state and local
procedures for assessing damages and filing for disaster aid. Due to this need, a discussion
of the current procedures followed by the various agencies will be presented. These
procedures provide the framework within which officials must work to carry out recovery
activities. The major federal legislation geared towards disasters is the Disaster Relief Act
of 1974, which embodies a variety of financial and direct assistance to local government and
private citizens. The steps to be taken after a major storm event are as follows:
1. Local damage assessment teams survey the affected areas to determine the extent of
storm drainage within the community.
2. Damage information is compiled and the nature and extent of damage is reported to the
North Carolina Division of Emergency Management (DEM).
3. The DEM evaluates the damage information and advises the Governor of the serious-
ness of the situation.
4. The Governor may declare a State of Emergency and put the State's disaster relief and
assistance plan into effect as well as direct state resources to places in need .
5. If it is' determined by the Governor that the severity of the situation exceeds the
capabilities of state and local government, the Governor may ask the President, via
FEMA to declare an "emergency" or "major disaster".
6. Federal relief assistance given to a community after a declaration of an "emergency"
usually ends one month after the initial Presidential declaration. Federal assistance for
emergency work after a major disaster has been declared typically ends 6 months after
the declaration and federal assistance for permanent work ends after 18 months.
Federal Disaster Assistance
Federal disaster assistance programs in the past allowed communities to rebuild to the
same standards that existed before the storm. , In recent years, however, policy has changed
in order to keep communities from repeating the same mistakes. The following are two
examples of such legislation:
1. Executive Order 11988 - Flood Plain Management
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Directs federal agencies "to avoid to the extent possible the long and short-term adverse
impacts associated with the occupancy and modification of floodplains and to avoid
direct and indirect support of flood plain development wherever there is a practicable
alternative."
2. Section 406 - Hazard Mitigation
FEMA can approve or prescribe hazard mitigation measures that a community must
undertake as a prerequisite for issuing federal disaster aid. This can take the form of
developing land use regulations, construction standards, and other means of avoiding
storm hazards.
The County has a listing of the Federal Disaster Assistance Programs that it may be
eligible for after a major storm event. The programs listed fall in the categories of
Temporary Housing, Home/Personal Property Loans, Aid to Major Sources of Em-
ployment, Repair of Public Facilities, and a variety of others. The County, due to
Hurricane Diana in September, 1984, has considerable expertise in identifying and
applying for aid for which it is eligible.
Local Damage Assessment Team
A local damage assessment team must necessarily be composed of individuals who are
capable of giving reliable estimates of the original value of structures, estimations of the
value amount of damages sustained, and an account of reparis. Due to the vast amount of
land and structures found in the unincorporated area, this calls for the organization of
several assessment teams. The following are recommended team members as are deline-
ated in the Brunswick County Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan.
1 PLAN PROPERTY SURVEY TEAM
Building and Grounds (driver)
Parks and Recreation Department Representative
Building Standard and Code Enforcer (Captain)
Architect
BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY SURVEY TEAM
' Tax Collector (Captain)
Building Inspector
Realtor
Volunteer Fireman (driver)
PRIVATE DWELLINGS SURVEY TEAM
Tax Supervisor (Captain)
Volunteer Fireman (driver)
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County land Use Plan - Page 102

Realtor
Architect
PRIVATE DWELLINGS SURVEY TEAM
Building Contractor (Captain)
Civil Engineer.
Realtor (driver)
Architect
The Emergency Management Coordinator should immediately begin efforts to secure
volunteers and several alternates needed to complete the damage assessment teams. It will
facilitate the speed at which the teams can be assembled if persons are already aware that
their services will be needed following a disaster. In addition, if the persons who are to form
these teams have already been chosen, then they can easily be informed of the necessity to
attend training sessions and also where to meet immediately following a storm. These
sessions will acquaint them with the damage classification procedures and reporting
requirements that are in effect.
It would be advantageous if the County established such a training program and opened
it to both County and local damage assessment teams. This would insure that all of the
teams are evaluating structures and recording the information in the same manner. Also,
to foster this goal and to increase preparedness, the team members should complete
damage assessment forms as part of their training programs. This will allow them the
opportunity to ask questions or receive clarification on any of the procedures.
It is extremely important that the status of damage assessment teams be updated on a
frequent periodic basis in order to maintain an accurate file.
Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements
Damage assessment is a rapid means of determining, to the best extent possible, an estimate
of the amount of damage caused by.either a natural or manmade disaster. In the advent of
a major storm, it is expressed in terms of 1) the total number of structures damaged; 2) the
extent of damage by type of structure; 3) estimated total dollar loss, and 4) estimated total
dollar loss covered by insurance.
Immediately following a major storm, Damage Assessment Team members should report
to the Emergency Operations Center for a briefing by the Emergency Management
Coordinator. In the aftermath of a storm, it may be difficult to determine which areas
received the most damages given the vastness of the County and possible unsafe road
conditions. Since it is imperative that the Damage Assessment Teams be deployed to those
areas that are worst hit, it would be particularly useful if those areas could be identified
from the air. An aircraft of some type would be able to cover a great distance and obtain
an overall picture of the damages. This information would assist the Emergency Manage
Page 103 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

ment Coordinator in dispatching the Damage Assessment Teams to the most heavily
P g g Y
damaged areas. This could be accomplished through a prearranged commitment with
organizations such as the Marine Corps or the Civil Air Patrol who could provide helicopter
assistance.
The magnitude of damages will depend, to a large extent, on the severity of the storm and
where it enters upon land. Because of the potential of the task, the limited personnel
available to conduct the assessments, and the limited time frame for assessing damages, the
first phase of the assessment should be restricted to external surveying of damaged
structures. After filing the initial damage reports, a more detailed second phase assessment
can be conducted.
The first phase of damage assessment should make an estimate of the damage caused to
each structure. This damage assessment should also identify the cause of the damage to a
structure - whether it be due to wind, flooding, wave action or a combination of events.
Damaged structures should be classified in accordance with the following suggested state
guidelines:
DESTROYED - repairs that would cost more than 80 percent of the structure's value.
MA OR - repairs that would cost 30 percent of the structure's value. -
MINOR - repairs that would cost less than 30 percent of the structure's value, but the
1 structure is presently uninhabitable.
HABITABLE - minor damage, with repairs less than 15 percent of the structure's value.
The Damage Assessment Team will color code tax maps according to the damage
a classifi-
cation scheme outlined in the preceding paragraph.
DESTROYED - red
MAJOR - orange
MINOR - yellow
HABITABLE - green
1 In many cases mailboxes and other sources used to identify property will not be present
following a major storm. This could pose a significant problem, however, because of the
necessity of thoroughly documenting each assessment. One way to circumvent this
problem is to provide the Damage Assessment Teams with tax maps and cameras in order
to document their field observations. Enough information on each structure must be
gathered to complete the Damage Assessment Worksheet.
In the second phase of the Damage Assessment Operation, estimates of the value of
sustained damages must be calculated. This phase should be completed in the Office of
Emergency Management under the direct supervision of the Emergency Management
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 104

Coordinator. The team who will be conducting these calculations should consist of the
County tax clerks, tax assessors, and other personnel who are similarly qualified. This team
should be organized by the Emergency Management Coordinator and included in the
Damage Assessment Plan.
The materials that are listed below should be available in the office of Emergency
Management. They will be needed in order to estimate total damage values.
• A set of property tax maps that are identical to those used by Damage Assessment Team
members.
• A set of aerial photographs.
• Several County maps which show the survey areas covered by each team.
A complete copy of County property tax records which indicate the estimated values of all
structures existing in the unincorporated area on the appropriate lots. It is recognized that
this would be a time-consuming task, but it would provide information that would be of
great use in the event of a disaster. Also, in order to keep the information up-to-date, it
should be reviewed annually before the onset of the hurricane season. This information
should be kept in the office of Emergency Management so that all data will be centrally
located.
The County should take responsibility for contacting area lending agencies to determine
the average value of flood insurance coverage carried by Brunswick County program
participants. This information should be updated on an annual basis before the hurricane
season begins. These updates should be kept in the office of Emergency Management and
be made available to all of the towns for estimating the value of sustained damages covered
by hurricane insurance.
The information on the value of damages sustained should be derived through the
following recommended methodology.
1. The number of businesses and residential structures that have been damaged within
unincorporated areas of the County should be summarized by damage classification
category.
2. The value of each damaged structure should be obtained from the market set of tax
maps and multiplied by the following percentages for appropriate classification cate-
gory:
DESTROYED -100%a
MAJOR DAMAGE - 50%
MINOR DAMAGE (uninhabitable) - 25%
HABITABLE -10%
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I
3. The total value of damages for unincorporated areas of the County should then be
summarized.
4. The estimated value loss covered by hazard insurance should then be determined by:
1) estimating full coverage for all damaged structures where the average value of such
coverage exceeds the amount of damage to the structure; and 2) multiplying the number
of structures where damage exceeds the average value of insurance coverage by the
average value of such coverage.
5. Damage to public roads and utility systems should be estimated by utilizing current
construction costs for facilities by lineal foot (e.g. 10'water line replacement cost = xs/
L.F.)
SOURCE: Carteret County Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan and Post Disaster Recon-
struction Plan.
The procedures recommended above provide a relatively time efficient and uncomplicated
means by which to estimate overall property damage. In order for this method to be
utilized, however, it is necessary that flood insurance information is obtained and that the
value of each structure is placed on the tax maps. These two components must be attended
to immediately in order to insure the effectiveness of the Damage Assessment Plan.
Organization of Recovery Operations .
The preceding section dealt with the procedure and requirements that must be completed
during the emergency period in order to restore public health and safety. There are also
procedures and guidelines which must be followed after the preliminary damage assess-
ment has been completed. The state suggests that a Recovery Task Force be appointed to
guide restoration and reconstruction activities during the post -emergency phase. This task
force may be active from a period of a few weeks up to one year. The responsibilities of this
group will be as follows:
1. Develop a restoration schedule.
2. Set priorites concerning restoration.
3. Obtain a predisaster agreement between the localities and the County that covers the
pole of local officials and County officials during a disaster.
4. Determine the need for outside assistance and request such assistance when it is
needed.
5. Keep state officials abreast of conditions through the use of Situation and Damage
Reports.
6. Maintain accurate records of activities and expenditures through the use of standard-
ized forms that will be available at the office of Emergency Management.
7. Pronounce a local "State of Emergency" if such a determination is warranted.
8. Authorize debris removal and restoration of public utilities. (In the case of private
utility companies, the Task Force will act as coordinator for restoration activites.)
L
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County land Use Plan - Page 106

9. Commence the repair and restoration of public facilities and services in order of need.
10. Keep an up-to-date listing of various types of federal and state assistance that may be
available to private businesses and individual property owners.
11. Organize personnel to assist disaster victims in understanding the different types of
assistance available and in applying for such assistance.
Because of the variety of duties that this Task Force must perform, it is necessary that it be
composed of a cross section of the public. The Task Force should include the following
persons.
Chairman of the Board of County Commissioners
Brunswick County Manager
Emergency Management Coordinator
County Tax Appraiser
County Finance Director
County Building Inspector
County Engineer
Minor CAMA Permit Officer
The County will work with all appropriate State and Federal Agencies and Officers during
local recovery planning efforts.
It is not possible to devise a rigid schedule for local recovery decisions before a storm occurs
due to the unpredictability of those events. The amount of time that it takes to assess storm
damages and make reconstruction decisions directly correlated with the level of damage
caused in the community. It is possible, however, to establish a sequence of activities that
the County will need to follow in assessing damages and granting permits for repairs and
reconstruction. The sequence of activities that follow should be reviewed by the Recovery
Task Force and be amended as necessary after damage assessment operations have been
completed.
FIT"
1. Complete Initial Damage
Assessment
2. Begin Repairs to Critical Utilities
and Facilities
3. Access, Classify and Map Damages
4. Summarize Reconstruction
Priorities and Develop Master
Reconstruction Schedule
Immediately after storm is
over
As soon as possible after storm
is over
Complete by second week after
the storm
Complete one week after second
phase damage assessment is
completed
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ACTIVITY
R TIME FRAME
5.
Decide whether Temporary
One week after second phase
Development Moratorium
damage assessment completed
is needed
6.
Issue Permits for all Structures
One week after second phase
needing Minor Repairs
damage assessment completed
7.
Issue Permits for Conforming
Two weeks after second phase
IStructures
needing Major Repairs
damage assessment completed
8.
Begin Assessment of Existing
Mitigation Policies
Two weeks after second phase
damage assessment completed
9.
Evaluate Hazardous Areas and
The length of time needed to
the Effectiveness of Mitigation
conduct re-evaluations and
Policies
receive comments from the
state (not to exceed two months)
10.
Amend Mitigation Policies and
Two months after Development
Development Standards for Areas
Moratorium is imposed
under Development Moratorium
and Lift Development Moratorium
for Major Repairs with Changes
to Conform
i11.
Issue Permits for New
As soon as the Tempory Develop -
Development
ment Moratorium is suspended
Post
Disaster Reconstruction Policies
Policy 2.5.2(a)
THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY SHALL
BE ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPERVISING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES CONTAINED IN THE DISASTER RELIEF AND
ASSISTANCE PLAN, AND THE POST -DISASTER RECOVERY POLICIES OF THE
LAND USE PLAN. UNDERGROUND UTILITIES WILL ALSO BE ENCOURAGED.
1
I
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 108

Policy 2.5.2(b)
IN THE EVENT OF EXTENSIVE HURRICANE DAMAGE TO PUBLIC UTILITIES
REQUIRING REPLACEMENT OR RELOCATION OF THESE UTILITIES, EFFORTS
SHALL BE MADE TO LOCATE DAMAGED UTILITIES AWAY FROM HURRICANE
HAZARD AREAS OR TO STRENGTHEN THEIR CONSTRUCTION.
Policy 2.5.2(c)
PRIORITY SHALL BE GIVEN TO THOSE REPAIRS THAT WILL RESTORE SERVICE
TO AS MANY PERSONS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
Policy 2.5.2(d)
THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS MAY DECLARE A MORATORIUM
OF UP TO 180 DAYS ON THE PERMITTING OF ANY NEW CONSTRUCTION, IN-
CLUDING NEW UTILITY HOOKUPS, OR REDEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTION
THAT WOULD INCREASE THE INTENSITY OF THE LAND USES EXISTING BE-
FORE THE HURRICANE.
2.5.3 Evacuation Plan
Evacuation refers to the range of activities involved in the assignment of evacuation routes
and shelter locations, the determination of when to issue an evacuation order, the proce-
dures for notifying the public of both the evacuation routes and the order to evacuate, and
the implementation of the evacuation during the storm event. Evacuation activities are
related to both specific storm events (e.g., actual evacuations) and storm events in general
(e.g., establishment of evacuation routes and shelter locations; notification of the public of
routes and shelters).
Brunswick County has an official Hurricane Evacuation Plan which has been prepared at
the request of and approval by the Brunswick County Board of Commissioners, and
mayors of towns and municipalities in the County. This plan was prepared with the
assistance of the Brunswick County Civil Preparedness Agency and the North Carolina
Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, Division of Civil Preparedness.
Page 109 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

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Evacuation Policies
Policy 2.5.3
BRUNSWICK COUNTY SHALL CONTINUE TO WORK CLOSELY WITH EMER-
GENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY PERSONNEL IN THE PREPARATION OF THE
COUNTY'S EVACUATION PLAN. THE COUNTY SHALL ALSO CONTINUE TO
PRESS FOR NECESSARY IMPROVEMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE EVACUATION OF
THREATENED AREAS.
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 110

� Section 3:
� Land
� Classification
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page ill

3.0 LAND CLASSIFICATION
3.1 Purpose of Land Classification and Relationship to Policies
A land classification system has been developed as a means of assisting in the implemen-
tation of the policies adopted by the County. By delineating land classes on a map, local
government and its citizens can specify those areas where certain policies (local, State, and
Federal) will apply. Although specific areas are outlined on a land classification map, it
must be emphasized that land classification is merely a tool to help implement policies and
not a strict regulatory mechanism. The designation of land classes allows the County to
illustrate its policy statements as to where and at what density growth should occur, and
where natural and cultural resources should be conserved by guiding growth.
The Land Classification Map is a carefully designed graphic representation of the policy
statements reflected in this Plan, as was clearly based upon the citizen participation results.
1 This Map reflects not only existing land use patterns and intensities, but a ten year future
extension of this situation, imagining as it does a continuing advancement of life style
opportunity for present and future residents and visitors. The delineation of the classifi-
cations on the map is also a reflection of projected population growth and future land use
needs.
This LanClassification
d C ss cation Map 1s not a zoning map. There was some confusion with the 1981
Land Classification Map over this point. Accordingly, this Map no longer isolates out or
separates out further breakdowns in the various classifications, such as Residential, or
-Rural Residential.
1
IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 112

3.2 Land Classification System
While North Carolina's Coastal Area Management Act Guidelines for Land Use Planning
suggest a general format for the land classification system, local governments may modify
the system within reason to meet local area needs.
The land classification system includes five broad classes, some of which have been further
subdivided to better classify existing development in the County. The five general land
classes are developed, transition, community, rural, and conservation. A sixth major
category delineated on the map is Municipal. These areas are incorporated municipalities
which have separate Land Use Plans.
As discussed earlier in the section on Land Use Needs, it is the opinion of the Planning
Board that the criteria specified by CAMA for the Land Classification System densities do
not readily apply in Brunswick County for many reasons.
The N.C. Office of Budget and Management projects Brunswick County's permanent
resident population in 1995 will be 65,002, and by 2000 will be 75,471.
Since the projection date of this Plan is ten years, by extrapolation, Brunswick County's
permanent resident population in 1997 should be approximately 70,000.
It is projected that 80% of this permanent resident population will be situated in those areas
of the country under the jurisdiction of this Plan, i.e. the unincorporated area. Thus a
population of permanent residents for that area is projected at 56,000 in 1997.
Studies have determined that peak seasonal population adds two tourists for each perma-
nent resident. For the county,140,000 additional persons who are staying overnight will
be in the county during peak tourist season in 1997.
The 1980 Census showed that 45% of the seasonal housing units are in this unincorporated
area. Thus, an additional 63,000 persons staying overnight are projected during peak
season in 1997.
Totals for 1997:
Permanent Resident Population 56,000
Season Population 63,000
. 119,000
For purposes of this Update, this figure has been rounded to 120,000 as peak population
staying overnight in the county by 1997, in the unincorporated area.
It is the county's position that the criteria and standards set by the NC Coastal Resources
Commission do not relate to the facts of the pattern and density/intensity of development
of Brunswick County, due to the factors outlined in Section 1.5.2 of this Plan.
Page 113 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

Were the NC Coastal Resources Commission's standards
to apply 1 to this Plan the
following table illustrates the result:
Square
CAMA
Assumed
Land Classification
Miles
Density Guidelines
Population
Developed Mixed Use
43
2,000/sq. mile
86,000
Transitional Mixed Use
148
1,500/sq. mile
222,000
Community
30
640/sq. mile
19,200
' Total 327,200
By the end of this period of planning,1997, in Developed and Transitional areas where
there is such a mix of land uses, including schools, churches, medical care facilities, fire
departments, rescue stations, community centers, specialized features such as libraries,
' senior citizen centers, plus office and commercial needs, in addition to the open space
features of wetlands, parks, recreation, water bodies, it is projected there will be not over
one household per acre. Recall that even in the most densely developed areas of any city,
some lands simply are not used.
A design factor of 700 persons per square mile is established for Developed Area. A design
factor of 450 persons per square mile is established for Transitional area. And a design
factor of 400 persons per square mile is established for Community areas.
Land Classification Square Miles 1997 Population
Developed Mixed Use 43 30,100
rTransitional Mixed Use 148 66,600
Community 30 12,000
1 Rural 11,300
120,000
The inclusion of a land area into a land classification category does not dictate the type of
land use that will be allowed in a particular location. Several of the classes provide for and
are designed to encourage a variety of land uses.
The Land Classifications and their subcategories are defined as follows:
1. Developed
The purpose of the developed class is to provide for continued intensive development
and redevelopment of existing urban areas. To be classified developed, the area
should have a minimum density of 500 dwellings per square mile or 2000 people per
' square mile provided with usual public services including at least water, sewer,
' Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 114

recreational facilities, police, and fire protection. The developed class if divided into
two types: Developed Mixed Use and Developed Industrial.
a. Developed mixed use areas are those with a full range of municipal services, yet
are more suitable for a wide variety of development ranging from residential to
industrial.
b. Developed Industrial specifically includes the land owned by existing major
public or private industries operating in the County.
2. Transition
The purpose of the Transition classification is to provide for emerging and future
urban development areas within the ensuing ten year period on lands that are most
suitable and that will be scheduled for provision of necessary public utilities and
services. The Transition lands also provide for additional growth when additional
lands in the Developed classification are not available or when they are severely
limited for development.
Other than on Developed lands, the developed or mostly developed Transition lands
should be the only lands under active consideration for traditional urban services.
This Plan proposed two categories of Transitional lands:
a. Mixed Use
This is thearea of the county where thousands of individually owned lots are in
the slow process of development, and where new development is occurring.
These areas exhibit a variety of land uses, from low -density residential to
commercial and very small industrial activities.
b. Industrial
These are the lands deliberately set aside by public policy to induce continuing
economic development and job opportunities. In these areas, the county has a
continuing activi ty of recruitment and help to industry and expansion of existing
industry. It is in such areas that the newer industries have located and that the
county's new Industrial Park is situated.
3. Community
This classification covers the traditional growth pattern of North Carolina, other than
in traditional, real cities, with growth along established transportation corridors in a
linear, low density character. It is usually mixed use.
Page 115 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board I

1 Such areas are considered of rural character, and usually full glamour lamour of urban
services is not expected to be expended to such areas. It is often necessary in such areas
that a potable water supply source eventually replace utilization of ground water by
wells, to avoid salt water infiltration.
4. Rural
Two rural classifications are shown. One is for the better agricultural lands that will
not be absorbed in the normal urban development process, and one is for the unique
forestry industry of the coastal plane. Experience shows wildlife preservation is in
some instances in direct opposition to agricultural practices. So this Plan shows the
only areas that may possibly provide a future for wildlife as the forestry areas.
5. Conservation
Two categories are shown, the same as in the 1981 Plan. The conservation per se
classification is applied to lands that contain major wetlands, unique shoreline areas,
areas hazardous for development.
Industrial Access Conservation is for those wetlands which are between the better
industrial lands and the major channels of the Port. In such areas, access over such
wetlands for port connections is permitted, as long as measures are taken to maintain
those wetlands as nearly as possible in their natural condition.
Approximately 68 square miles have been classified as Conservation and 8 square
miles have been classified as Conservation: Industrial Access.
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 116

Section 4:
Intergovernmental
Coordination
and Implementation
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 117

II
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4.0 Intergovernmental Coordination and Implementation
During formulation of major plans and policies of the municipalities within the county, the
Brunswick County Planning Department is involved in varying degrees, dependent upon
particular situations. Sometimes, the department prepares the full plans of municipalities.
Other times, it serves as a continuing advisor in the full development process. In other cases
the Department only comments during formal review sessions in order to meet require-
ments of the Land Use Planning Guidelines of the NC Coastal Resources Commission.
Not only were the plans and policies of the municipalities considered in the development
of the county's Land Use Plan, but special care was given to obtain the interaction and direct
involvement of municipal elected and appointed officials in the planning process.
This Plan merges with as well as coordinates the plans of the municipalities.
Further, as in the past, and has been recognized, accepted, and recommended by the NC
Division of Coastal Management over the years, the two small municipalities of Belville
and Bolivia are served for their necessary plan activities by this Plan. The Town of Calabash
will be preparing its own separate Land Use Plan beginning in 1987.
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 118

Appendices
L
IBrunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 119

Appendix I
Brunswick County
Soil Interpretation
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 120

a
a
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APPENDIX I
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
SOIL INTERPRETATION
Suitability for*
Soil
Genm, I Description
Slope
Septic Tank
Building
Roads
BAYBORO LOAM
Very poorly drained soils on a nearly level
0-2%
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
Severe(W)
surface. They have a black loam surface.
BAYMEADE SAND
Nearly level to gently sloping well drained soils
1-6%
Moderate
Slight
Slight
on broad ridges.
BEACH-NEWHAN
Gently undulating to steep, excessively drained soils
0-30%
Severe (S)
Severe (S)
Severe (S)
ASSOC.
along beaches and waterways.
BLANTON FINE SAND
Moderately well drained nearly level to strongly
0-5%
Slight
Slight to
Slight to
sloping soils.
Moderate
Moderate
BOHICKET
Very poorly drained soils of the tidal marshes.
1%
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
Severe
BRAGG FINE SANDY
Well drained slowly permeable soils.
2-6%
Severe (P)
Slight
Slight
LOAM
CARTERET Very poorly drained sandy soils in tidal marshes. --
CORROLLA FINE SAND There are moderately to poorly drained sands along the --
coast at elevations of five feet or less.
CRAVEN FINE SANDY Moderately well drained soils on neatly level to 0-12%
LOAM sloping coastal plain uplands.
CROATAN MUCK Highly decomposed, extremely acidic organic soils. 0-n
DONOVAN MUCK Very poorly drained, strongly acidic soils with --
thick dark surfaces.
Severe (W) Severe (W)
Severe (W) Severe (W)
Severe (W) Moderate
Severe (W) Severe (W)
Severe (W) Severe (W)
Severe(W)
Severe(W)
Severe
Severe(W)
Severe(W)

Suitability for*
Sail Geneml Description Slope Septic Tank Building Roads
N
DUCKSTON FINE SAND
These are poorly drained sands along the coast at
elevations of about five feet or less.
ti
FORESTON LOAMY
This series consists of moderately well drained,
FINE SAND
moderately permeable soils.
n
0
FIELD FINE SAND
This series consists of deep, droughty, sandy soils.
They occur as ridges and dunes along the coast.
a
GOLDSBORO FINE
Nearly level to gently sloping moderately well drained
SANDY LOAM
soils on coastal plain upland.
GRIFFON FINE SANDY
These are poorly drained soils on middle and lower
LOAM
coastal plain uplands.
HOBONNY
Very poorly drained, nearly level organic soils on the
lower coastal plain.
JOHNS FINE SANDY
This series consists of somewhat poorly to moderately
LOAM
well drained soils on stream terraces and uplands of the
coastal plain.
KUREB FINE SAND
Consists of excessively well drained soils on broad
undulating ridges and short side slopes.
LEAF SILTY LOAM
Poorly drained soils which have developed from
clayey marine sediments.
o�
LENOIR LOAM
Somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soils on uplands,
nLEON
FINE SAND
Poorly drained sandy soils that occur in the coastal
plain flatwoods.
LUMBEE FINE SANDY
Nearly level, poorly drained soils on uplands and
5'
LOAM
and stream terraces.
o�
LYNCHBURG FINE
Somewhat poorly drained moderately permeable soils.
SANDY LOAM
,
0-2%
Severe (W)
Severe (F)
Severe (F)
0-2%
Severe (W)
Slight
Slight
2-15%
Severe (S)
Severe (S)
Severe (S)
0-5%
Severe (W)
Moderate (W)
Moderate
(W)
0-2%
Severe (W)
Moderate (W)
Moderate
(W)
Less than 1%
Severe (F)
Severe (F)
Severe (F)
0-2%
Severe (W)
Moderate to
Moderate
Severe (W)
1-6%
Severe
Slight
Slight
0-2%
0-20%
0-5 %
Severe (F-W) Severe (F-W) Severe
Severe (W) Severe (W) Severe
Severe (W) Severe (W) Severe(W)
0-2% Severe (W)
0-2% Severe (W)
Severe (F-W )
Severe (W)
Severe
(F-W)
Severe (W)
M = = = = M

M= M M M M r M M r M M M M M M r r M
1i;
Suitability for*
Sail GeneralD��cription Slope Septic Tank Building Roads
MANDARIN FINE SAND Somewhat poorly drained nearly level soils on landscapes 0-2% Severe (W) Moderate Moderate
that are slightly higher than the adjacent flatwoods.
MARVYN LOAMY Deep, well drained upland soils. 6-15% Moderate (S) Moderate (S) Severe (S)
FINE SAND
MUCKALEE LOAM
Poorly drained soils on floodplains. Subject to frequent
0-2%
Severe (F)
Severe (F)
Severe (W)
overflow.
MURVILLE FINE SAND
Nearly level poorly drained soils on flats or in slight
0-2%
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
depressions.
NEWHAN FINE SAND
Gently undulating to steep excessively drained soil
2-30%
Severe
Slight to
Slight to
along the beaches and waterways.
Severe*
Severe*
NORFOLK LOAMY
Well drained. Nearly level to sloping soils on uplands.
2-6%
Moderate
Slight
Slight
FINE SAND
ONSLOW LOAMY
Moderately well drained soils on nearly level to gently
--
Severe (W)
Moderate (W)
Slight
FINE SAND
sloping uplands.
PALTOLOS FINE
Nearly level to gently sloping moderately well drained
0-5%
Severe (W)
Moderate
Moderate
SAND
and somewhat poorly drained soils on stream terraces and
uplands.
PANTEGO MUCKY LOAM
Poorly drained nearly level soils on coastal plains.
Greater
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
Severe(W)
than 2%
PAINS FINE SANDY
Poorly drained moderately permeable soils of the
Greater
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
Severe(W)
LOAM
coastal plain.
than 2%
SWANSBORO FINE
Excessively drained soils which are formed in coarse
0-15%
Severe
Slight to
Slight to
SAND
textured soil material deposited by dredging operations.
Moderate
Moderate
TOMAHAWK LOAMY
Somewhat poorly to moderately well drained soils
0-3%
Severe
Moderate
Moderate
FINE SAND
on nearly level ridges.
TORHUNTA FINE
This soil is very nearly level, very poorly drained in
0-2%
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
Severe(W)
SANDY LOAM
upland bays and on stream terraces.
* L: ,,y.... on slope.
Y

Suitability for*
Sail
General Dc-,ciption
Slope
Septic Tank
Building
Roads
WANDO
Excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils.
0-6%
Severe
Slight
Slight
WOODINGTON LOAMY
These are poorly drained soils.
0-2%
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
Severe (W)
FINE SAND
YAUPON SILTY CLAY
Somewhat poorly drained finely textured soils.
0-15%
Severe (W)
Severe
Severe
M = = = M M = M M M

� Appendix II
� Brunswick County Natural Areas
1 Including
� Coastal Complex Natural Areas
� And
Coastal Areas That Sustain
Remnant Species
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' Brunswick County manning sacra Brunswick County w,a use Plan Page 125

AP
PENDIX II
iBRUNSWICK COUNTY NATURAL AREAS
INCLUDING
' COASTAL COMPLEX NATURAL AREAS
AND
COASTAL AREAS THAT SUSTAIN REMNANT SPECIES
Brunswick County is one of the best endowed counties in the State with regard to natural
diversity. The beaches, estuarine areas, rivers, pocosins, savannahs, and other natural
areas all combine to give Brunswick County and its inhabitants a rich and unique ecological
heritage.
The following information was provided by the Natural Heritage Program, a section of the
Division of Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development. These areas are considered to be of preservation priority
containing significant natural features such as unique or rare species, habitats, plant
communities, and geologic formations.
' Endangered species known to exist in Brunswick County include the American alligator
(alligator mississippiensis), the red -cockaded woodpecker (pecordes borealis), and the
' loggerhead sea turtle (caretta caretta).
Bald Head Island and Smith Island Complex - This area is an extremely rich and ecologi-
cally important habitat, encompassing about 9,000 acres of intertidal marsh and about 1,000
acres of upland. It is the most important nesting area for loggerhead sea turtles in North
Carolina. The maritime forest is dominated by live oak with the northernmost population
' of sabel cabbage palmetto occurring here. The area is now managed as an ecological
preserve.
Battery Island and Striking Island - These islands contain two of the largest and most
diverse assemblage of nesting, wading birds in North Carolina. They are owned by the
' State and presently leased to the Audubon Society.
Big Cypress Bay and Ponds - This area represents an undisturbed limes sink complex. Rare
plant and animal species include pondspice, a minor rookery for the great blue heron, and
a nesting area for osprey and anhinga. The southern fox squirrel and the American alligator
also use the area as as breeding ground. The area is prime wildlife habitat.
Big Island Savannah - One of the most diverse and exemplary pine savannahs in North
Carolina. At least eight rare and endangered plant species are located in this 92-acre tract.
The area was recently acquired by the Nature Conservancy, thus its preservation is insured.
I
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Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 126

Bird Island -Bird Island is the southernmos tbarrier island in North Carolina. It is presently
undeveloped and relatively undisturbed. The island contains vegetation and animal
species associated with a barrier ecosystem.
Blue pond and associated Limesink Complex - These ponds exist in relatively. pristine
condition. They contain large population of pondspice shrub and old growth stands of
pond cypress. The pond is also a nesting area for osprey.
Boiling Springs Nature Area - This area consists of approximately 98 irregularly shaped
variously sized depressions with white sandy bottoms and clear water, the majority of
which are located within the municipality of Boiling Spring Lakes. Because of subdivision
development, the area has been highly disturbed and total species diversity is low.
However, it is probable that there exists a breeding population of red -cockaded woodpeck-
ers.
Brunswick - Cape Fear Rivers and Tributaries - The rivers and their associated tributaries
are home to and support a large variety of plant and wildlife. The area around Eagle Island
supports one of the largest populations of alligators in any North Carolina river. Sixty-two
were sighted in 1979.
Bryant Mill Bluff (Green Bank Bluff) - This is a unique topographic feature, a steep bluff, in
Brunswick County facing the Cape Fear River. The area contains a stand of mixed
hardwoods and a large population of galax, both unusual for a southeastern, coastal
location.
Camp Branch Savannah - This savannah is one of toe larger known longleaf pine and
orange grass savannahs. It is intermediate in wetness and there is no shrub layer. The site
contains a population of grass-of-Pamassas (Pamassia Caroliniana), a rare species
throughout the state.
Drowned Bay Savannah - This is the most extensive sandy soil longleaf pine (Pinus
palustris) savannah in the County. The site was probably timbered in the near past and
there is evidence of frequent burning.
Ferry Slip Island -This is a low dredge spoil island in the Cape Fear River hosting very dense
populations of seabirds. It contains the largest nesting colonies of brown pelicans and royal
terns in North Carolina.
Gause Savannah - This savannah represents the drier end of the spectrum among clay soil
savannahs and is unique in that respect. The site also contains a large population of hooded
pitcher plants.
Green Pond Savannah - This savannah is dominated by mature pines and a low shrub layer
of sand myrtle. Green Pond, located within the site, contains the threatened species loose
water-milfoil and is a good example of a steep walled limesink.
Page 127 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

Green Swamp Preserve - The preserve is a 15,722-acre tract owned by the Nature Conser-
vancy. It represents one of the best remaining pocosin ecosystems North Carolina, while
also containing pine savannahs, bay forests, and stands of white cedar. The area provides
habitat for a variety of endangered and threatened species as well as fourteen different
' insectivorous plants. Its significance was recognized nationally by its designation in 1974
as a National Natural Landmark.
Henrytown Savannah - This is one of only a very few extensive, upland (slope) savannahs
known (the only such one over an Entic Haplohumod soil).
Long Bays Savannah - This site represents an extensive high quality longleaf pine savan-
nah. Both the red -cockaded woodpecker (federally endangered species) and Bachman's
Sparrow (a threatened species within the state) were observed here. Also, an extremely
large population of yellow star -grass (HXpoxis juncea), an infrequent savannah species
within the state, occurs at this site.
Monks Island - This island contains the larges t least tern breeding colony in the State, as well
as breeding populations of black skimmers, gull billed, and common terns.
Orton Pond - Orton Pond is the largest and oldest open body of water within the County.
It provides breeding habitat for anhinga, osprey, fox squirrel, alligator, and the red -
cockaded woodpecker. Endangered plants include dwarf spike-rush, pondweed,
meadow -beauty, tracy's beack-rush, and dwarf bladderwort. When the site is considered
in its entirety, along with the Brunswick Town area limesinks, it is one of the most
significant natural areas in Brunswick County and within the State.
Sandhill Creek Impoundment - This body of water, like Orton Pond, is the manmade lake
of an old plantation. However, it is much more shallow and relatively little open water
exists. A swamp forest is dominated by black gum and pond cypress. The site contains
1 breeding population of great blue herons, anhingas, and alligators.
Shallotte Firetower Bay and Pocosin -This is a large bay with scattered low stunted pine and
evergreen scrubs. An old red -cockaded colony was reported near the rim. The potential
is good for other rare species.
I Smithville and Carolina Bay Complex - This complex consists of a series of dozens of small
and large Carolina bays, associated with sand rims, and Pleistocene low ridge and Swale
topography. The bays are vegetated bay pond pine dominated low pocosin, along with
examples of pine savannah communities. There also exists what is probably the largest
population of sand myrtle in North Carolina. The bay complex represents significant
wildlife habitat, both in terms of its size and diversity of available habitats.
Spring Creek Pond - This pond harbors a rare plant community of horsetail spikerush,
fragrant water lily, and two unusual black gum domes.
I
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 128

Sunny Point Limestone Sinks - These five sink pools are located entirely within the
boundaries of the Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal owned by the United States Army.
They provide habitat for several rare plants as well as being unique natural ponds restricted
to a limited geographic region.
Sunset Beach Wood Stork Areas - A small flock from Florida and Georgia regularly visits
during late summer in the vicinity of two freshwater ponds near Sunset Beach. This is
thought to be the northernmost locality on the Atlantic Coast for use by wood storks.
Waccamaw Island Savannah - This savannah occurs on a fluvial "island" within the swamp
forest adjacent to the Waccamaw River. Because of this, there are a number of extremely
diverse microhabitats responsible for a large variety of plant species. It is a very high
quality site and the only known example of a fluvial ridge and swale savannah in the state.
There are also a number of rare and endangered plants.
Waccamaw River - Juniper Creek - This is an example of a meandering Blackwater River
with extensive swamps of bald cypress and gum along its western shores. There is a
diversity of animal andplant species within the river basin.
Zeke's Island Estuarine Sanctuary- The Zeke's Island Sanctuary is part of a national system
designed to promote preservation, research, education, and to insure that the renewable
economic resources of these areas are preserved. The area consists of approximately 1,165
acres of upland, sand flats, associated inter -tidal marsh, shallow water areas; and associ-
ated flora and fauna.
Addendum - A site listed in the 1980 Land Use Plan Update, Piver's Bay Bog, has since been
destroyed. It is possible that the information pertaining to some of the sites listed above is
now out-of-date.
Page 129 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

Appendix III
Index of Brunswick County's
Major Historic Sites
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 130

APPENDIX III
INDEX OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY'S MAJOR HISTORIC SITES
Site Location Ownership
Williams House On S.W. side of S.R. 1426, 0.7 mi. Private
N.W. of junction with S.R. 1430,
Phoenix Vicinity
Belvedere Plantation On west bank of Brunswick River Private
near junction of U.S.17-74-76 and
River Road
Railroad Hotel On East side of S.R. 1438 at junction Private
with U.S.17, Lanvale
Winnabow Plantation On S.W. side of S.R. 1521,1.5 mi.
S.E. of junction with U.S.17, Winnabow
Clarendon Plantation Between N.C.133 and Cape Fear Private
River S. of Junction with U.S. 17
Old Town Plantation On N. Bank of Town Creek, at Cape Private
Fear River
Pleasant Oaks Plantation
At the intersection of N.C. 133 and
Private
State Road 1518
Orton Plantation
On East side of S.R. 1529, across from
Private
S.R.1530, near Brunswick Town
Brunswick Town
At the end of S.R. 1533, Orton Vicinity
State
Fort Anderson
Along the Edge of the River at
State
Brunswick Town
St. Phillips Church
N.C.133 off U.S.17, Brunswick Town
State
State Historic Site
Liberty pond and On West side of S.R.1533, known Private
Colonial Fort as Orton Pond, Fort area is in
Sunny Point
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 131

Site
Location
Ownership
Battery Lamb and
Old Bunkers within Sunny Point,
Federal
Saltworks
Restrictive Zone and Saltworks
near junction of Walden Creek and
Cape Fear
Price's Creek
W. Bank of Cape Fear River on
Private
Lighthouse
Price's Creek, at end of S.R. 1540
Southport
"The Rocks"
In the Cape Fear River and extends
Federal `
from Federal point through Zeke's
Island to Smith Island Marshes
Quarantine Station Within the Cape Fear River 1-1 /8 Federal
miles northeast of Southport
Fort Caswell At the end of N.C.133 at Caswell Private
Beach
Gause's Tomb ' 500 feet Eastward from S. R. 1154 Private
and South of Junny Branch Creek
Boundary House Located near the North and South Private
Carolina State Boundary, .4 mile
South of U.S.17
Hickory Hall Along the Western town limits of Private
Calabash, South of S.R.1163
Bald Head Lighthouse In the N.W. corner of Bald Head Private
Island
Cape Fear Lighthouse S.E. corner of Bald Head Private
Complex
Historic sites are unique and nonrenewable educational, scientific, associative, or aesthetic
resources which own their importance to associations with American history, archaeology,
architecture, and culture of the past. These valuable resources constitute part of the human
environment.
In order to seek to preserve this unique County asset, there is need for a management
program. It is recommended that the joint Southport -Brunswick County Historic Preser-
Page 132 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

vation Commission renew their activity to develop the means necessary to protect these
important historical resources.
The Williams House
The Williams House at Phoenix is one of the last surviving country homes of its era in
Northeast Brunswick County. The design and architectural style of this home lends itself
to historical significance since this building form has been modified since the turn of the
century. Unique features of the home include the separation of the kitdx nand dining room
from the main house, front door design, large number of fireplaces, and its elegant
landscaped entrance. Presently the house is unoccupied.
Belvedere Plantation
This Plantation site is situated nearly opposite the City of Wilmington on the banks of the
Brunswick River and near the junction of Highway 17 and River Road. It became the home
site of two North Carolina Governors, Benjamin Smith and Daniel Russell.
At one time, the plantation encompassed over 1000 acres of land. A large brick manor
house, carriage house smoke house, barn, overseer house, and slave quarters were grouped
together on the one portion of the property.
been
The area has since / 'subdivided and a road has been laid where most of the buildings once
stood. All that remains is a ballast stone building and huge old oak trees.
Battery Lamb and The Confederate Sal tworks
Battery Lamb was a Confederate Fort on Reeves Point on the edge of the Cape Fear River.
It was used during the Civil War as protection for the Wilmington Seaport.
Jus t below this area on Walden's Creek, a large Confederate Saltworks for the supply of salt
to the soldiers was established. Saltwater was carried in tanks from New Inlet to the creeks
and evaporated by artificial heat, producing a fine white salt at a small expense. It was
probably demolished by the Federal blockades who fired at all signs of smoke.
Railroad Hotel
The Railroad Hotel located one -quarter mile off U.S. 17 on State 1538 is one of the more
impressive landmarks in the area. It is a two-story wood frame building with a gable roof
and a monumented front portico. It has a diamond shape louvered vent in the gable and
two central interior chimneys.
The hotel was financed by Dr. E.G. Goodman sometime in the late 1880s as a business
venture when there were proposals to link the railroad of Southport (Smithville) with
Chicago. Because this speculation failed, the Railroad Hotel only saw limited use with local
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 133

visitors between Wilmington and Southport. The Railroad Hotel became utilized as a
school house and at the present it lies idle.
Winnabow Plantation
Winnabow Plantation is located on the Southwest side of State Road 1521 along the edge
of Rices Creek. It was built approximately in the 1730s and was said to be one of the nicest
plantations in the early settlement days of the Lower Cape Fear Region. This plantation site
became incorporated into Governor Russell's Plantation a few hundred feet further South
of S.R.1521.
The Governor Russell Mansion can still be seen at this location which is in fine repair,
illustrating some of the colonial features of that era.
Clarendon Plantation
Clarendon Plantation is located five miles South of Belville along Rt.133 and is one of the fear
fine old Cape Fear Plantations which has retained its identity. Clarendon, a 1,000-acre
cotton and tobacco plantation, was named after Clarendon County which originally
extended from Albemarle on the North to Saint Augustine, Florida on the South.
' The powder magazine that is still standing on Clarendon Plantation is said to be the oldest
building in the Carolinas. It is a square building of distinctive brick work believed to be late
17th century because the brick corner bonds and the pantile roof are the same architectural
' styles used at both Williamsburg, Virginia and Charleston, South Carolina.
During the aftermath of the American Revolution, the first Governor of North Carolina,
Benjamin Smith, came into possession of Clarendon Plantation. Later in 1934 the site was
purchased by the Watters Family who built a two-story antebellum house which has been
' moved but is still in good repair. It is here that the famous author, Inglis Fletcher, wrote
"Lusty Wind for Carolina" (Archives and History,1975).
Bordering the plantation along the Cape Fear River can be found one of the most interesting
and intriguing time telling devices in America. It is a 50 foot wide canal said to be dug by
the Indians and- oriented so perfectly that the Summer Solstice sunrise ascends dead center
in the canal, thus telling the Indians that the sun would then start moving Southward and
providing them with the first calendar that was ever set up in these parts. There is also an
unidentified avenue of ruins and live oaks which leads to an old Indian field where many
' different pieces of Indian pottery have been found.
Presently, Clarendon is closed to the public.
IPage 134 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

Old Town Plantation
Old Town Plantation was located on the North bank of the Town Creek where it meets the
Cape Fear River and was one of the oldest, if not the first, plantations in the Lower Cape Fear
Region.
Artifacts collected by a UNC-W archaeological group around the old house site included
a Hibernia half penny dated 1723, colonial red clay pipes and white salt -glazed stoneware
of the eighteenth century. There is evidence of a mansion house with a central chimney and
a four room structure with a fireplace in the corner of each room, which is very similar to
the early eighteenth centtyVirginia buildings. Logistic analysis of the house site places the
mean occupation date about 1723. This site is not open to the general public.
Pleasant Oaks Plantation
The entrance to this beautiful plantation is located at the junction of Rt.133 and State Road
1518 and extends back to the Cape Fear River.
"The Oak" as the plantation was originally named for many years was particularly
distinguished for a grand grove of Oaks that extended from the antebellum house (which
is situated on the junction between the river and Town Creek) from 1 /2 mile to a large
artificial lake. This body of water was known as the "Mill Pond" which supplied motive
power for the Saw Mill and the grist and rice mills.
Pleasant Oaks Plantation had one of the most beautiful camellia gardens in the nation and
at the present time, acres of azaleas and camellias are cultivated on the plantation.
Unfortunately, the grounds are not open for public visitation.
Orton Plantation
Orton Plantation, which is located seventeen miles South U.S.17 and just nine miles North
of Southport, is generally recognized as being one of the finest examples of Southern
antebellum architecture, and has been acclaimed as one of the most beautiful showplaces
in the South. The old mansion is not open to the public, but the beautiful structure is
centrally located amid gardens that are open to the public with many interesting views
from points of vantage along the meandering garden paths. The gardens are especially
beautiful in early April when azaleas and camellias bloom and exhibit kaleidoscopic scenes
around the stately mansion, under towering live oaks.
Brunswick Town
The colonial town of Brunswick was begun in 1725 by Col. Maurice Moore of South
Carolina as a real estate venture. In the 1730s, Brunswick Town was the seat of New
Hanover County and, in 1764, it became the seat of the newly created Brunswick County.
Brunswick Town was used as an early port town on the Cape Fear River where interchange
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 135

1 of goods between England and the colonists occurred. Once this small village was
g g g
established, approximately sixty buildings were situated along the banks of the river.
In 1776, Brunswick was burned by British troops. Only two or three families returned after
' the Revolutionary War, and by 1830, the Town was totally in ruins.
In 1861, hundreds of tons of soil were placed over many of the ruins of the colonial town
to establish Fort Anderson. The remaining ruins of Brunswick Town havebeen designated
as a State Historic Site and are open to the public.
Fort Anderson
In 1861, hundreds of tons of soil were placed over many of the ruins of Brunswick Town
to establish Fort Anderson. Located on both the mouth of a river and on a ridge, it was
ideally located for,defense.
Th Fort stretched one mile in length and it was composed of two batteries, "A" and 'B",
which possessed five guns each. Other gun emplacements. less impressive than the main
batteries, were strewn along the line of defense. However, the guns were not utilized in the
following years and North Carolina's 40th Regiment became bored, except for the practice
drills and visitors from nearby areas (Asbury 1964).
On February 19,1865, after severe bombardment, Fort Anderson fell to the North.
Today the earthwork mounds of the Fort have been naturally preserved, for the most part,
and can be seen at the Old Brunswick Town Site, which is open to the public.
' St. Phillips Church
St. Phillips Church, located in Brunswick Town, was constructed in 1736, making it one of
the first churches in North Carolina. In 1754, construction was begun on a new church
building to replace the first structure, but met numerous delays, and was not completed
until 1768.
When Brunswick Town was burned in 1775, St. Phillips Church was probably destroyed
' at that time. When Confederate Fort Anderson was built across the ruins at Brunswick
Town in 1862, the ruins of the church were planned as part of the Fort. During the
bombardment of Fort Anderson in 1865, naval shells struck the church but did little
' damage. The Confederate dead from the bombardment were placed inside its walls where
they were found by the capturing union troops.
' At present, a restoration project is being coordinated by the State to help preserve the
foundation and walls of this old historical church. It is open to the public.
' Page 136 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

A Colonial Fort and Liberty
A short distance below Fort Anderson, on a bluff called Howe's Point, are the remains of
a Colonial Fort, and behind it the ruins of a residence in which tradition says was born, in
1730, one of the greatest heroes of the revolutionary (General Robert Howe). He was the
trusted and honored Lieutenant of Washington. Robert Howe also lived at Kendal
Plantation for a while, which is not part of Orton Plantation.
Presently the area is owned by the Federal Government at Sunny Point. It is not known how
much of the site still exists because the whole area has been modified by the Federal
Government. However, Liberty Pond is now known as Orton Pond and presents a beautiful
example of a Historic National Landmark. This Pond was also used as the irrigation source
for Orton Plantation's Rice Fields and can be viewed by the public.
Price's Creek Lighthouse
Price's Creek Lighthouse, which is located along the banks of the Cape Fear River and its
junction with the ferry landing, is one of the oldest range lights still standing in the Cape
Fear Region. The circular brick tower and adjacent dwelling for the light keeper were both
constructed in 1849 to serve the purpose as a range light for New 11-det. There also was a
smaller back beacon which sat atop the keeper's dwelling.
The tract has been restored and preserved by its present owners, Pfizer Pharmaceutical
Company.
"The Rocks"
To prevent the Cape Fear River from silting shut from the opening of the New Inlet,
Congress was petitioned to appropriate necessary funds for increasing the depth of water
on the Cape Fear Bar and River. After careful surveys and estimates by the Corps of
Engineers, it was decided to undertake the entire closure of New Inlet under the direction
of Colonel W. P. Craighill. This work was begun in 1875.
A continuous line of mattresses composed of logs and brushwood loaded with stone was
sunk and laid entirely across New Inlet. This work was continued from year to year by
piling small stone rip -rap on and over this foundation, building it up to high water, and then
finally covering it with heavy granite stones on its tip and slopes to low water. The project
was completed and saved the deep water port of the Cape Fear River.
Today it is still standing and can be seen from the ferry that crosses from Southport to Fort
Fisher.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 137

The Cape Fear Quarantine Station
Prior to building the Cape Fear Quarantine Station, all disinfection of vessels took place at
the mouth of the Cape Fear by burning large quantities of sulphur, but the disinfection of
' crew clothing was never done properly. There were also no facilities to care for the sick, or
detention areas for suspects; thus arose the need of a Quarantine Station.
' In 1893, Congress granted the Marine Hospital Service the funding of $25,000 to build and
equip a Quarantine Station. This new station was located in the river about 1-1 /8 miles
Northeast of Southport. The station was built on a pier 600 feet long, with gangways, docks,
' and ballast cribs.
Presently, only the foundations of a few water tanks are left intact and can be seen when
crossing the Cape Fear River on the Ferry.
' Fort Caswell
Fort Caswell, which is located at the end of Caswell Beach, has been for years the principal
' coast defense of the Cape Fear River. Construction started in 1826, but the Fort was not
completed until some time later.
' Fort Caswell had an enclosed pentagonal structure with two rolls of moated soil mounds
used as fortifications. Each mound contained many small openings through which small
firearms could be discharged easily.
' On the to of the Fort were enough emplacements for sixty-one channel bearing guns and
P g P tY g
situated within the soil fortress were spacious barracks, officer quarters, store rooms and
armory areas. In fact, Fort Caswell was one of the most well built forts in the South.
' During the later part of the Civil War, the Fort was destroyed, not by the Federal fleet, but
by the Confederates themselves when they received word that Fort Fisher had fallen.
Before the Confederates abandoned the Fort, they blew up all of the major power
magazines and most of the original Fort Caswell was reduced to ruins.
Towards the latter part of the nineteenth century, the Fort was allowed to deteriorate to
' such an extent that just prior to the Spanish-American War, it was . . in a dilapidated
condition. Then came the Spanish-American War and Fort Caswell was rebuilt with
concrete emplacements on which five, eight and twelve inch disappearing rifles were
' mounted atop the Southeast corner of the original Fort. Along with attendant magazines
there were spacious wooden barracks and five wooden dwellings for the officer quarters.
' Most of these structures are existing today.
The Fort was actively garrisoned until about 1923, after which it was declared surplus and
' all of the remaining armament and material declared obsolete and sold for scrap. Fort
Caswell lay idle until the U.S. Navy used it during World War Has a military base to control
' Page 138 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

submarine attacks. It saw limited use during the following years and the Fort was again
declared a surplus site and offered for sale.
From 1949 until the present, Fort Caswell has been owned by the North Carolina Baptist
Seaside Assembly and utilized by that organization as a recreational and religious center
for Baptists of North Carolina. There is only limited public access to the beautiful, spacious,
historic grounds of the old fort site, which exists as an important part of our common
heritage.
Bald Head Lighthouse ("Old Baldy")
The first lighthouse on Bald Head Island was constructed in 1796 but, due to extensive
erosion of the shoreline, was replaced by an octagonal tower on the North-West corner of
the island. This uniquely shaped tower is now known as "Old Baldy" and is the oldest
lighthouse still standing on the North Carolina shores.
Erosion became a difficult problem for "Old Baldy" in 1881 and two years later to prevent
the lighthouse from destruction, a stone jetty, 150 feet long, was authorized for the
protection of the foundation of the tower. This helped control erosion for a while, but in
succeeding years, rapid abrasion of the shoreline occurred again. In addition, the Bald
Head Lighthouse was so far inland and was not of sufficient height to light the dangerous
Frying Pan Shoals that a replacement tower, (The Cape Fear Lighthouse Complex) was
planned for the Southeast corner of Bald Head Island. At this time, Old Baldy became a
fourth -order fixed light station. The light beacon was then discontinued in 1935 and a
radio -beacon was established on the site in 1941. This beacon was of service during World
War II when Fort Caswell, across the river, was used by the U. S. Navy. When the new Oak
Island Light was activated on May 15,1958, the new station took over the operation of the
radio -beacon.
Today, "Old Baldy" stands as a beloved reminder of the hard times in the past. It is a
landmark that has withstood many adverse weather conditions and has served for a
century and a half in the lower Cape Fear area. Carolina Cape Fear Development
Corporation has preserved the site but only limited public access is allowed.
Cape Fear Lighthouse Complex
In 1903, a new lighthouse complex was added to service the lower Cape Fear area and
replaced "Old Baldy" on Bald Head Island. The new lighthouse complex was located on
the South -East corner of Bald Head Island and had three keepers' houses. This fourth order
lighthouse was 150 feet high and had a radius of 18.5 miles of light which could reach out
towards the Frying Pan Shoals.
Today the site is owned by Carolina Cape Fear Corporation. The remains of the site still are
exhibited by the keepers' houses and other out buildings, but cannot be seen unless
permission is received from the present owners.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 139

Gause's Tomb
An unusual and interesting memorial to a family that was prominent in the life and
activities of Brunswick County during the Colonial Period can still be seen on an old
' plantation site just five miles from Shallotte. The brick burial tomb of John Julius Gause
(1774-1836) is located some 500 feet Eastward from State Road No.1154 and about the same
distance south of Junny's Branch.
' The Gause family had large land holdings in Horry County,South Carolina, and
also
scattered around Shallotte and Ocean Isle. The father of this Brunswick County Clan was
' William Gause, referred to in South Carolina as the "Innkeeper" because of his large
business operations. Old William had six sons, two of which moved to Brunswick County
prior to the Revolution when, in 1762, they became active in local government and fought
in the Revolutionary War. Later, William Jr. served in the House of Commons from
Brunswick County in 1778 and his home seems to have been near Gause's Landing.
John Gause, the Revolutionary veteran, and brother William Jr. was also the father of John
Julius Gause, the person responsible for erecting the tomb. In his will, dated May 3,1836,
recorded in Will Book B.. Page 171, Brunswick County Court House, he authorized the
building of the Gause Tomb and tells who shall be buried there.
Presently the Tomb is in fine repair and offers an enchanting sight to the visitor.
The Boundary House
The Boundary House, which is located South along a dirt road, 4 miles off of U.S.17, stood
astride the State line prior to 1750. Only the chimney remained during the Civil War and
it always marked the dividing line between the two early Carolina Provinces. In fact, it was
a documented truth that the early boundary line established in the Spring of 1735 ran right
through the center of the Boundary House.
The location of the building had to be determined to properly survey the State line when
it was last surveyed in 1928. At that time, the surveyors erected a 600 pound granite post
inscribed "Boundary House" to mark the site of Horry County's oldest known building.
Hickory Hall
Hickory Hall, located in Calabash, is typical of rural, middle class homes for this area of
Brunswick County during the past Colonial Era. Most of the homes of this type have
disappeared, especially within this vicinity, either from fire, age, or natural elements.
' Hickory Hall -has not been necessarily restored but it has been kept in good repair
throughout its time.
u
Page 140 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan
Brunswick County Planning Board

The unique feature of this house is the fact that it was built over a huge hickory stump that
later became used as a table for many decades. Due to decay, the old stump has been since
removed; however, the name of this unique feature still remains.
Other architectural features include two chimneys that were a part of the original house and
were built from ship ballast stones. The foundation of the house contains oyster shells
which were burned into limelike substances used in the mortar. Included were five
fireplaces used for cooking and heating, and ceiling and walls consisted of beaded
paneling, possible imported from England. The original floors were, for the most part,
native long leaf planking, some of which remain to this day.
The present owners of Hickory Hall reside there and operate one of Calabash's restaurants.
The Jokes Plantation
This house is located on the Gooseneck Road, just inside the Brunswick County line. It was
built about 1860 and is a small country farm house, very interesting construction. It is still
occupied by the Sykes family.
Point Repose Plantation
This plantation was located in the Northwest section of the County, bounded by Hoods
Creek and the Cape Fear River. There is no housing standing, but a number of years ago
you could see evidences of the house. It was built by James Murray, but at the beginning
of the Revolution it became the property of General Thomas Clark, of Revolutionay War
fame, who lived there until his death.
Major General Robert Howe is said to have died there.
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 141

Appendix IV
Brunswick County
Urban Concentrations
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 142

' URBAN CONCZVf rRATIONS
'
LOT SIZE
GENERAL
NUMBER OF
DATE PLAT
SQUARE FEET
DIMENSIONS
NAME
IDENTIFICATION
LOTS
RECORDED
'
10,200
80'
x
1351
Calabash Acres
)
07/20/66
6,000
13,000
60'
65'
x
100,
200'
Carlyle Aces
Pine
) 606
01 / 17/74
x
Burr
)
11/13/67
10,50L
70'
x
150,
Heritage Haven
) 401
06/ 10/74
91000
60'
x
150'
Seaside Station
)
05/02 77
91000
60'
x
150'
Salt Marsh Cove
) 373
05/06/77
'
Trac-s
3 acres
George Brooks
)
08/09/63
51000
50'
x
100'
Seaside Heights
)
02/28/75
9,750
75'
x
130'
Ocean View
'
Landing
) 116
04/ 1 j/74
'
5,000
71000
50'
70'
x
x
100'
100'
Brooks .acres
B dc B Estates
)
)
�.
07/22/74
5,000
50'
x
100'
Eastside Heights
) 381
Odell Williamson
)
08/26/76
'
5,000
50'
x
1004
Seaside .acres
)
08/26/76
6,500
6 5'
x
100'
Marlee Ac-es
)
0 3/22/7. Z
'
7,200
60'
x
120
Ocean Haven
)
07/23/59
20,000
100'
x
200'
Tarheeiand Acres
) l ,0 l4
04/23/60
51000
50'
x
100'
Water Wonderland
)
0(4/05/63
'
7,500
60'
x
125'
Whispering Heignts
)
09/07/65
6,000
50,
x
120'
Ocean Pane Aces
) 156
05/23/63
'
5,000
50,
x
100'
P;ne Acres
)
06i29/73
9,375
5'
x
125'
Ocean Isle Estate
) 37
^
.8i26176
'
s.3 56
33'
x
1 32'
Cause Landing
) i 40
i 1 r 1 4/75
9.000
60'
x
1 50'
Ocean .dire Estates )
95
l 2/ 31; 32
I1,250
75'
x
150'
Quail Run )
02!25/75
10.500
70,
x
150'
Sea Village i
293
05/02/75
'
10.500
70,
x
150'
Brunswick Snares )
; 1 i24/78
5.000
501
x
100,
Long .acres )
:39
06i08/7Z .
6.000
60,
x
(00'
Snangrila )
; ; ; 117,17 14
'
Starilev Camoground)
South of Sausecan)
; lr,
East of Br:cic-
sanding
Snallotte Point ,
s-_
'
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 143

GENERAL
NUMBER OF
DATE PLAT
LOT SIZE
NAME
LOTS
RECORDED
SQUARE FEET
DIMENSIONS
IMFNTIMCA71CN
7,200
60' x L20'
Little ShaUafte
River Estates
)
09/10/76
7,200
60, x 120,
Riverview
) 3"
04/16/76
1J.200
80' x 190'
Shell Point
)
02/23/62
7,200
60, x 120,
Shell Point Aces
)
09/06/78
71200
60, it 120,
Shell Point Rea
Village
) 678
03/21/73
31000
10' x 100'
Boonesboro
)
01/24/70
3.000
10' x 100'
Buccaneer Hills
)
12/13/70
3.000
30' x 100'
Herandos Hideaway
)
06/23/71
18.000
120' x 130'
Windy Point
) 1,166
03/23/73
31300
30' x 110,
Tanglewood
)
06/23/71
7,300
30' x 1J0'
Four Winds
1
04/25/30
71300
60' x 12J'
Cater's Grant
)
04/18/77
6,2J0
30' x 125'
Orti wood Acres
l
07/06/73
9.710
70' x 125'
Bacon's Bluff
) 1.049
03/11/77
11.20
70' x 160'
Robinwood
)
02/23/80
7,300
30' x 130'
Ocean Sound
)
06/30/82
692JO
30' x 125'
Sandy Shoals
►
06/l8/69
7.J00
60' x 125'
Whispering Helgnts
)
19/07/66
6.000
60' x l00'
Carl Andrews
!
13/03/61
3.000
30' x 100'
Moore Subdivision
) 66a
01/22/71
10.300
70 x 130'
Sea Air Estates
!
09/24/63
7,300
10' x 140'
Mariner's village
! 71
19/10/76
7,300
10' x 130'
Pine view -kcres
►
06105177,
13.000
100' x t 30'
Troy Caison Hears
! s i ZO
6.J00
70' x 90'
Tuscarora village
1 3c
74/01/7l
21.373
123' x 173'
Thomas Grey
►
6.230
10' x l23'
Holiday R antes
! '07
14/11/70
7.700
70' x t 10
Reaves Subdivision
!
12.117.30
3.300
10' x 100'
I.E. Fultord
► :32
4.300
60' x 130'
arrow Wood
1
ll/29/32
6.2J0
10' x 123,
Holiday Haven
! 483
17'01/76
'.300
30' x 130'
Tropical Shores
►
13/01/67
9.000
60' x 150'
Coastal Retreat
►
ti.J00
30' x 120'•
Siesta Sands
i 303
16,73
'.:00
iv' x 125,
Sea Castle
::.000
i:0' x 200'
Stancury Heignts
.:3
:3.:3;!3
varnum Town
A26
'
o.600
!1' x 120'
Sunset Haroor
i ...'S
Page 144 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

Appendix V
Public Participation
Documents
Brunswick County Planning Board
Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 145

Identification of Growth and Development Issues
Land Use Week
1st Citizen Input Meeting
May 11,
1987
1,,
Leland
Community
Center, Leland, NC
The following
development issues were identified for consideration
in the
1987 CAMA
Land Use Plan Update for Brunswick County.
Aft;r identification
using a nominal group technique, each of the
issues
were ranked according to their relative priority by a
showing
of hands. For the following list, the left hand column
number
indicates
the relative priority of each issue with 1 being
most important,
2 being next important and 3 being less important.
RELATIVE
,
PRIORI':Y
ISSUE
(1)
1.
Traffic problems from Woodburn to Olds Towne.
(2)
2.
Upgrading transportation system to keep pace with
growth.
(2)
3.
Developers to bear cost (or pass along costs)
associated with development.
(3)
4.
Watching residential density.
(1)
5.
Need for County wide water and sewer.
(1)
6.
Acccelerated improvements to major thoroughfares
(specifically US 17 four-laned).
(3)
7.
De -valuation of property due to no regulations.
(3)
S.
Is there a plan for a set of County pools?
(2)
9.
Plans should encourage higher standards to ensure
higher quality development.
(1)
10.
Preserve aesthetics of certain transportation
corridors (NC 133, Hoods Creek, Inland
Waterway).
(1)
11.
Plans should have specific long-range goals, not
quick fixes.
(1)
12.
Protection of historic sites.
(2)
13.
State wildlife boat ramp in northwest township.
(:)
14.
Natural beauty of County needs to be improved.
(1)
15.
Billboard regulations needed in Brunswick County
now to avoid having to later buy them back.
(2)
16.
Plan needs clear, simple guidelines and processes
and should have some flexibility.
(3)
17.
Some ordinance needed to control discharge of
firearms in populated areas.
(2)
IS.
More family -oriented recreation facilities,
specifically bike lanes, bike trails.
(2)
19.
Better, more responsive police protection in
Northwest township.
(3)
20.
What has happened to Northwest Park planned
improvements (ball fields, pool, tennis, etc.)
(1)
21.
See that estuaries are protected (productivity,
nursery areas, shellfish and other marine life).
(1)
22.
Protect carolina bays from development getting
(1)
too close (Goodman Road off Route 17).
23. Plans should be aware of affect of adjoining
areas on growth in Brunswick County (Wilmington
and Myrtle Beach).
24. Plans should recognize farming areas of County.
25. Like to see district -based County.offices for
... permits, local health dept., etc.
26. Protection of natural neighborhood drainage
systems from changes by developers.
27. Would like to see zoning to separate residential,
commerical uses etc. from one another.

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9
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9
a
Identification of
Growth and Development Issues
Land Use Week
2nd Citizen
Input
Meeting
May 12, 1987
Multi -Purpose
Room, South Brunswick High School, Boiling Spring
Lakes
the following
development
issues were identified for consideration
in tie 1987
CAMA
Land Use Plan Update for Brunswick County.
After identification
using a nominal group technique, each of the
issues were
ranked
according to their relative priority by a
snowing of hands.
For the following list, the left hand column
numoer indicates
the relative priority of each issue with 1 being
most important,
2
being next important and 3 being less important.
RELATIVE
PRIORITY
ISSUE
(1)
1.
Overloaded road network (NC 130 and US 17).
(2)
2.
Need more to be done about drainage.
l3i
3.
Need County -wide house numbering.
(:1
4.
Better transportation system throughout the
County.
(21
5.
Water line extensions to serve existing pockets
of population.
(3)
6.
Over -harvesting of shellfish/marsh land areas.
(2)
7.
Look seriously at sewer districts.
(1)
8.
Litter problems/garbage disposal.
(2)
9.
Need for zoning for commerical, residential, etc.
(2)
10.
Runoff from townhouses/condos into estuarine
waters.
(2)
11.
Efficiently use existing facilities for public/
social/multi-purpose needs.
(3)
12.
Septic tanks on beaches polluting waters.
(2)
13.
Jobs for younger people.
(2)
14.
Need more non-polluting industry.
(3)
15.
Planning and providing services for retired/
elderly.
(3)
16.
Need for jetport capacity type airport to help
attract industry.
(3)
17.
No building within 1000 feet of all watersy
(3)
18.
Need for better education (to deal with adult
illiteracy, etc.) to attract industry.
19.
No zoning south of US 17 as a resort area.
20.
Need for adult day care center.
(.1
21.
No more landfills but incinerators okay.
22.
Runoff from building in general.
(2)
23.
Need for county -funded emergency medical services
(for the retired).
(2)
24.
Need for stronger subdivision regulations (road
standards).
(2)
25.
Water and beach access (i.e. ramps, marina,
parking).
lil
26.
New/improved educational facilities.
(2) 27. Economic study on future populations to determine
services needed (nursing homes).
(3) 28. Need for mosquito program (drainage).
(3) 29. Need larger senior citizen center for growing
elderly population.

Identification of Growth and Development Issues
Land Use Week
3rd Citizen Input Meeting
May 13, 1987
Multi -Purpose Room, West Brunswick High School,.Shallotte
The following development issues were identified for consideration
in the 1987 CAMA Land Use Plan Update for Brunswick County.
Following identification using a nominal group technique, each of
the issues were ranked according to'their relative priority by a
showing of hands. For the following list, the left hand column
number indicates the relative priority of each issue with 1 being
most important, 2 being next important and 3 being less important.
RELATIVE
PRIORITY
ISSUE
(1)
1.
k
Plans for future disposal of household garbage.
(1)
2.
Need for a district/regional sewage treatment
system.
(2)
3.
Uncontrolled development.
(1)
4.
Need for zoning.
(3)
5.
Emergency services for service districts outside
municipalities. (Coordinate with municipalities/
911 system)
(3)
6.
Planning for traffic flow, specifically beaches
(Long Beach Road)
(2)
7.
Water lines to outlying developed areas.
(1)
8.
Against legislation for atomic waste disposal,
possibly in Brunswick County.
(1)
9.
Encourage clean, economic development to help
unemployment, and to absorb excess water supply.
(1)
10.
Prevent billboards from moving into the County.
(3)
11.
Aggressive policy to purchase right-of-way to
help future traffic flow.
(2)
12.
Aggressive game planning for tourism --being
prepared (trash, road right-of-ways, etc.).
(3)
13.
Discourage use of wetlands for housing, etc.;
encourage proper use.
(2)
14.
Encourage citizen participation in disaster
preparedness.
(3)
15.
Planning for convention center (especially beach
areas) by the County.

Identification of
Growth andDevelopment Issues
Land Use Week
4th Citizen Input
Meeting
May 14, 1987
Public Assembly Bldg.,
County Government Center, Bolivia
The following development
issues were identified for consideration
in the 1987 CAMA
Land Use Plan Update for Brunswick County.
After identification
using a nominal group technique, each of the
'
issues were ranked
according to their relative priority by a
showing of hands.
For the following list, the left hand column
'
number indicates
most important, 2
the relative priority of each issue with 1 being
being next important and 3 being less important.
RELATIVE
'
PRIORITY
ISSUE
(3) 1.
Use of low lying land for trailer parks.
(1) 2.
Conservation of marshes and swamps but with
concern for insect control.
(3) 3.
Inconsistent enforcement of regulations
(wetlands).
'
(1) 4.
Better roads and drainage along roads.
(3) 5.
How are plans made for further growth,
specifically industrial? '
'
(2) 6.
Right-of-way aquisition for present and projected
roads, especially for commerical/industrial
areas.
(3) 7.
Non -property owners telling a person how to use
his or her land.
(2) 8.
Would like to see minimum lot size put into
effect.
'
(1) 9.
Road side beautification/taking care of litter.
(1) 10.
Stronger laws against dumping trash.
'
(3) 11.
Require that utility repairs go under the road,
instead of tearing it up.
(1) 12.
Farming and forestry should be protected (i.e.
not listed as industrial and taxed as such).
'
(3) 13.
Against requiring permits for land clearing.
(3) 14.
Require developers to prepare roadbed and let sit
for six months minimum before paving.
(2) 15.
Against heavy, dirty industrial development along
Cape Fear River and on lands with high water
table.
'
(3) 16.
Ensure development conducive to retirement
population.
(1) 17.
Developers (or developments) should be required
to build roads to state standards and maintain
'
them until state takes them over.
(3) 18.
County funding for volunteer information and
referral center.
'
Page 149 - Brunswick County Land Use Plan Brunswick County Planning Board

m
Vl
(>
I
SUMMA:R': JF 00MMENTS FROM THE PUBLIC AT THE SIX TOWNSHIP WORKSHOPS REGARDING
;1'CATV:r OF THE C.A.M.A. LAND USE PLAN 'DURING NOVEMBER, 1985.
�e
Northwest (11 persons In attendance)
I.
The county needs to provide better storm drainage in areas being urbanized.
Cti
0
2.
The county needs to actively help get a sanitary sewer system for the
9L
Leiand area.
3.
The county needs to zone as a minimum the urbanizing area of Leland.
4.
The county needs to continue its aggressive actions towards mote Industry
In :he Leland area, for better job opportunity and for the expanding population.
5.
The county needs to create an industrial corridor along O.S. 77 76 from
the new county industrial park towards Columbus County.
6.
The county needs to continue activities towards port -oriented industry
on Eagle Island, and see that industry does not go along the mainland side
of 3runswick River, to keep that area for residential use.
7.
Keep a diversified, balanced economy; don't let it get too touristy.
8.
Be aggressive in getting more roads and bridges. We need a direct link
to :-40, somewhere near Dupont.
9.
The county needs to establish a means of providing water distribution lines
to those areas beyond the Leland Sanitary District where there are
population concentrations, such as along Mount Misery Road.
10.
There is a need for scenic, non -recreational parks, with strong possibilities
along Brunswick River and Sturgeon Creek.
ttn
11.
More boat ramps are needed.
y
Lockwcu: Folly (19 persons in attendance)
it
L.
Septic tanks are a problem. The county needs to see that a public sewer
system is provided.
On
9
2.
Zoning is needed.
�e
t"
3.
Batter road network is needed, for safer and more efficient travel.
R.
[
4.
:-le county needs to see that there are oceanfront beach access parks for
mainland residents and visitors.
5.
The solid waste collection system remains a problem; there is too much
litter along the roads.
'17
OQ
5.
What is the county going to do to provide necessary services if the
property tax is abolished?
Lockwood Folly, continued.
7. We need water distribution lines; find a way.
8. More respect should be given to the Land Use Plan; make It strong.
9. The county needs a stronger position in working with tha state and
federal governments to assure clean waters.
10. There is a storm drainage problem; the county needs to work on it.
Waccamaw (5 persons 1n attendance)
1. There is too much regulation. The Building Inspection Program is
being administered too stringently. Too much state and federal interference.
2. There 1s so such regulation on the farmer he can't make a living.
3. The farmer should have the same exclusions In law that are enjoyed
by the paper companies.
4. Have a more aggressive program to gat industry and jobs.
5. Thera remain problems with the school system; keep a closer eye
on the Board of Education.
Shallotte (20 persons in attendance)
1. The county needs zoning, with particular emphasis on building setback lines,
sign control, and density determinations by the county rather than through
the health department.
2. The county needs to make sure that somehow a public sanitary sewer
system is provided.
3. The county needs an aggressive campaign to make sure either the state
or federal government acquires Bird Island and makes it a park.
4. Highways and bridges remain a need, particularly the Shallotte By-pass,
the Sunset Beach bridge, opening of Old Georgetown Road, and major
Intersection improvements.
5. The solid waste system still hasn't Improved sufficiently.
6. Sports fishing needs more emphasis than commercial fishing; the county
needs a specifically spelled out program to help.
7. There is need for a balanced economy. but with emphasis upon tourism;
Industry would be out of place in this area of the county.
S. Don't let lnmigration be only of older people; a geriatric ghetto would
Inadvertently make provision of necessary urban support services a near
impossibility.
9. See that we get water distribution lines, including mandatory tap-ons.
Make it easier for the developer to put in lines, with public financial
assistance.

U
00
m
Town Creek ( 12 persons in attendance)
Cc!
1.
The subdivision regulations are too weak; the county needs stronger
u'
controls to require paved roads, better storm drainage, and beautification.
2.
Perhaps there should be two sets of standards in the subdivision ordinance,
one for urbanizing areas and one for areas that will stay rural.
on
J.
It appears the 1981 Land Use Plan has been ignored too much in decision —
making. such as the water lines to go down U.S. 17 and N.C. 87. Before
public decisions are made, refer them to the Planning Board for a report
LL
on impact on the Land Use Plan.
4.
The county seeds zoning. It can be a positive tool, and should include
density standards, planned unit development standards, and checks to assure
water quality will not be degraded.
5.
The county should have a more aggressive ptogram relating to sports
fishing. It is an unrecognized major economic factor In the county.
6.
Be aware of aesthetics in all actions. Screen green boxes and junkyards.
7.
The large land owners aren't afraid of good zoning. They are afraid of
uncontrolled growth, and think it will destroy them and their way of life.
B.
!fore boat access points are needed to the rivers.
9.
Remove the Cape Fear River Industrial Corridor from the Plan; it was a
mistake to ever have it in. Concentrate industry in Leland and up to
Columbus County.
10.
Urban areas need water distribution lines and sever systems.
11.
:Lake sure there are density controls in the zoning ordinance
12.
Litter is a big problem.
13.
Growth is 'Inevitable; give it positive guidance; don't be afraid of regulation.
14.
Roads and bridges need improvements.
tZ
15.
There is need for regulation of activities on paper company lands.
N
Smithville ( 10 in attendance)
n�
1.
Start countywide comprehensive zoning based on a comprehensive plan; don't
for
do it piecemeal, that would be a mistake that would haunt you years.
1.4
2.
The county needs to make sure there is a public sanitary sever system.
_�9
).
Road and bridges need attention, from more lanes and facilities to lighting
and safety markings.
4.
Keep a close eye on development to try and enhance water quality.
0
P.
Smithville, continued.
S. The county needs a game plan of how it will provide services in the event
there is no longer • property tax.
6. The county needs a continuing, close working relationship with the towns
as growth continues, particularly in guidance measures over that growth.
7. Hors areas of the county should be shown "conservation" on the Plan where
there would be closer scrutiny of development to make sure it doesn't degrade
the waters.

Comparative Analysis of Priority Ranking of Major Problems, Issues or Opportunities as Expressed by the Public
in Workshore and Public Iicarinns over the r..A.M.A. T.and Use Plan Process Since its Inception.
lliphest to Lowest Priority
Ranking,
Problem, Opportunity, or Issue
1976 1981
1985
1987
More and better roads and bridges - ------ -----
3 5
1
1
More aggressive Lndustrini recruitment for clean industry
- 16
13
2
Provide better storm drainage in urban/urbanizing areas -
10 11
12
3
Provide water distribution systems in urban/urbanizing areas -
1 3
3
4
Provide the protection of zoning -------------------
14 7
2
5
Better solid waste collection and disposal system ------- --
;7 18
6
6
Stronger litter control program ------------
20 8
15
7
Provide public sever systems for urban/urbanizing areas
2 4
4
8
Promote tourism as base industry ---------
- 20
5
9
Provide stronger subdivision regulations ----------
- -
11
10
More pedestrian and vehicular access to rivers and ICWW -
6 14
9
11
Protect wetlands (swamps, marshes, estuaries) --------
- -
-
12
Base all programs and decisions of county government on the Plan —
- -
17
13
Establish beautification program -- --- ----
16 9
18
14
Billboard control ordinance --------------------
- -
-
15
Reduce taxes and financial burdens of farmers ---------
- -
-
16
Watch and relate to growth of Myrtle Beach and Wilmington -----
- -
-
17
Obtain Act to prohibit atomic waste sites in county -------
- -
-
18
Protect and enhance scenic roads ---------------
- 2
-
19
Provide new centrally located commercial flight airport ---
- -
-
20
Protect historic sites and structures — — — — — — — —
- 17
-
21
Make developer pay all costs associated with his development
- -
-
22
Better citizen participation in disaster preparedness ----------
- -
-
23
Better law protection -------------------------
- -
-
24
Hake E.M.S. persons fulltime county employees ----------
- -
-
25
Provide more marinas ublic and rivatc------------
- -
7
-
0 p P
Emphasize sports fishing and dccmphasize commercial fishing
-
- S -
lore economic diversification ------------------
-
12 10 -
Create U.S. 74-76 industrial corridor ----------------
-
- 14 -
Develop scenic parks (no recreation) --- --------------
12
- 16 -
Regulate paper company lands --------------------
-
- 19 -
Get state and federal government to buy Bird Island for park ---
5
13 20 -
District recreational parks -----------------
-
1 - -
Improve public educational system -------------------
8
Obtain cultural opportunities in county -------------
9
10 - -
Obtain more retail stores and services ----------------
11
15 - -
Provide facilities for the elderly -— — — — — — — — — — —
-
19 - -
Provide better and more fire and ambulance service ---------
4
- - -
Provide better medical care facilities and services ---------
7
- - _
Build an auditorium -------------------------------
13
- - -
Develop Cape Fear Industrial Corridor ----------------
15
- - -
Inlet stabilization ------ --- ---- --------------------
18
- - -
Avoid groundwater pollution ------------------------'-'-
19
- - -
Brunswick County Planning Board Brunswick County Land Use Plan - Page 152

F
n
1
"What Do You Feel Is Best For Brunswick County?"
LAND USE WEEK
onday, Leland Community Center Wednesday, Multi -Purpose Room
ay 11,1987 Leland May 13,1987 West Brunswick
High School
Fuesday, Multi -Purpose Room Thursday, Public Assembly
May 12,1987 South Brunswick High School May 14,1987 Building
' County Government
Center
All workshops will begin at 7:00 P.M.
WHY: To receive your concerns and suggestions for the upcoming update to the Brunswick
County Land Use Plan and Policies. Issues and concerns identified at these meetings
will serve as an important foundation for the writing of the plan. Your views are
important.
' All interested persons are invited to attend.
for more information contact:
Brunswick County Sincerely,
Planning Department
PO Box 249 Ed Gore, Chairman Grace Beasley, Chairman
Bolivia, NC 28422 Planning Board Board of County
' 253-4361/762-7810/457-9912 Commissioners

24—The Slate Port Pilot, Southport, North Carolina, Wednesday, September 2, 1987
Brunswick County
PUBLIC HEARING NOTICE
C.A.M.A. LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
The Brunswick County Board of Commissioners together with the Planning
Board will hold a Public Hearing at 7:30 p.m.. Monday. Octobers, over the draft
of the N.C. Coastal Area Management Act Land Use Plan Update.
Tha Hearing will be held in the Public Assembly Building, Courny Govern-
ment Center, U.S. I7. approximately one mile west of the Town of Bolivia, N.C.
Copies of the draft may be viewed in the offices of the Planning Department,
Planning and Development Building. County Government Center.
Advance written comments may be filed with John B. Harvey. Planning
Director, P.O. Box 249. Bolivia, N.C. 28422.
Grace Beasley
Chairman
Board of County Commissioners

Page 12-r—THE BRUNSWICK BEACON, Thursday, September 3, 1987
PUBLIC HEARING NOTICE
C.A.M.A. LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, N.C.
The Brunswick County Board of County Commis-
sioners together with the Planning Board will hold a
Public Hearing at 7:30 p.m., Monday, October 5, over
the- draft of the N.C. Coastal Area Management Act
Land Use Plan Update.
The hearing will.- be held in the Public Assembly
Building, County Government Center, U.S. 17, ap-
proximately one mile west of the Town of Bolivia,
N.C.
Copies of the Draft may be viewed in the offices of
the Planning Department, Planning and Development
Building, County Government Center.
Advance written comments may be filed with John B.
Harvey, Planning Director, P.O. Box 249, Bolivia,
N.C. 28422.
Grace Beasley, Chairman
Board of County Commissioners