Land Use Plan and Planning Report-1976

LAID USE PLAN AND PLANNING REPORT

0
A
LAND USE PLAN
FOR
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared in accord with
State Guidelines for Local Planning in the Coastal Area
Under the Coastal Area Management.Act of 1974.
Submitted to
North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission
May 21, 1976
The preparation of this report was financially asssited by grants from the
State of North Carolina, theNattional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
and the Coastal Plains Regional Commission.

NOTICE TO USERS 0
All major policy related maps and documents are either included
within the text or attached to the back of the plan. However,
due to the expense and technical limitations required for re-
printing some illustrations may be omitted. Complete copies are
available for inspection at the N. C. Coastal Resources Commission
offices in Raleigh or at the local government offices.
Prepared For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brunswick County
Commissioners
Prepared By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brunswick County
Planning Board
Edward Gore, Chairman
Technical Assistance Provided by the Brunswick County Planning Department
John Sutton, County Planner
Mike Nugent, Planner II
Rob Moul, Environmental Planner
Max Way, Planner II
Cheryl Coleman,, Draftswoman
Bob Wright, Draftsman

0 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
Charts and Graphs
vi.
INTRODUCTION
I-1
POPULATION REPORT
SECTION I
Growth, Size and Distribution
I-4
Natural Increase
I-12
Migration
I-14
Population Characteristics
I-30
Marital Status
I-30
Household Composition
I-32
Age
I-34
Farm Population
I-40
Non -White Population
I-41
Educational Attainment
I-43
Seasonal Visitation
I-46
Summary
I-56
ECONOMIC REPORT
SECTION II'
-INTRODUCTION
II-1
Existing Economy
II-3
Primary Economic Activities
II-4
Manufacturing
II-5
Agriculture
II-7
Forestry
II-11
Commerical Seafood
II-13
Tourism
II-19
Transportation
II-29
Secondary Economic Activities
II-29
Construction
II-32
Communications, Transportation, Utilities
II-34
Trade
II-34
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
II-34
Trends
II-36
Family Income
II-36
i

Labot Force Characteristics II-44
Ad Valorem Tax Base and Revenues II-55
The Tax Base II-55
Ownership of The Tax Base II-61
Total Revenues II-61
Summary II-64
HOUSING REPORT SECTION III
INTRODUCTION III-1
Number of Housing Units, 1970-1975 III-3
Mobile Homes and Farm Houses, 1975 III-7
Housing Characteristics, 1950-1975 III-9
Characteristics of Occupancy, 1956-1975 III-15
Towns III-17
Density Patterns III-19
Summary III-21
LAND USE SURVEY & ANALYSIS
SECTION IV
INTRODUCTION
IV-1
General Description Existing Land Use Conditions
IV-2
Land Use Compatibility Problems
IV-2
Major Problems Resulting From Unplanned Development
IV-4
Areas Likely to Experience Change In Predominant
Land Use
IV-7
Areas of Environmental Concern
IV-8
Existing Platted Lots
IV-10
Existing Land Use Categories
IV-10
General Development Trends
IV-10
Residential
IV-11
Industrial
IV-11
Transportation Communication and Utilities
IV-12
Trade and Services
IV-12
Governmental and Institutional
IV-13
Cultural Entertainment and Recreational
IV-13
Agricultural
IV-13
Forest
IV-14
Other Land Category
IV-14
ii

C
Transportation Plans
Community Facilities Plans
Phase II Water System
Section 201 Facilities
Leland Sanitary District
Carolina Shores Development
Lower Cape Fear Water & Sewer Authority
Incorporated Municipalities
Bolivia Water System
Calabash Municipal Water System
LOCALLY ADOPTED LAND USE RELATED ORDINANCES
AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT IN THE COASTAL AREA
MANAGEMENT ACT PLANNING JURISDICTION
Brunswick County (Unincorporated Areas)
Bolivia (Incorporated Area)
Boiling Spring Lakes (Incorporated Areas)
Calabash (Incorporated Area)
Ocean Isle Beach
Shady Forest
Shallotte
Yaupon Beach
GENERAL SOIL CONDITIONS IN BRUNSWICK COUNTY
INTRODUCTION
Soil Associations With Development Limitations
Soils Best Suited For Development
Conclusion
Soil Conditions
Soil Interpretations
Soil Maps
Constraints on Development
SEPTIC TANK PROBLEM AREAS
INTRODUCTION
The Problem
• Natural Causes of Failures
Circumstantial Mistakes
Identification of Problem Areas
IV-15
IV-18
IV-18
IV-19
IV-20
IV-21
IV-21
IV-23
IV-23
IV-24
SECTION V
V-2
V-6
V-6
V-7
V-7
V-9
V-9
V-10
SECTION VI
VI-1
VI-2
VI-4
VI-5
VI-6
VI-10
VI-14
VI-18
SECTION VII
VII-1
VII-2
VII-3
VII-4
VII-6

P
Solutions
Conclusion
APPENDIX
1 Development Lots.Not Approved
2 Rural Lots Not Approved
3 Complaints of Septic Tank Overflow
THE SIGNIFICANCE AND VALUE OF BRUNSWICK
COUNTY'S SALT MARSHLAND
INTRODUCTION
Significance
Value
Conclusion
Summary
Bibliography
DESIGN CAPACITY AND PRESENT UTILIZATION OF
BRUNSWICK COUNTY PRIMARY ROADS
Brunswick County's Primary Roads
DESIGN CAPACITY AND PRESENT UTILIZATION OF
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS IN THE
CAMA PLANNING JURISDICTION OF THE BRUNSWICK
COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Public and Private Water Systems
POPULATION ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS
INTRODUCTION
Population Estimates, 1971-1975
Population Projections, 1976-2000
Some Probable Influences on Population
Change in Brunswick County
Seasonal Population Projections
Summary
LAND CLASSIFICATION
Citizen Input in Preparation of
Land Classification Map
Brunswick County Land Classification Map
County -City Relationships
SUMMARY
Population
VII-7
VII-9
VII-11
VII-12
VII-13
SECTION VIII
VIII-1
VIII-3
VIII-11
VIII_15
VIII-15
VIII-17
SECTION VIIII
VIIII-1 thru 4
SECTION VIIII
VIIII-1 thru 6
SECTION X
X-2
X-3
X-7
X-8
X-9
X-11
SECTION XI
XI-2
XI-4
XI-13
SECTION XII
XII-1
i
iv

Economic
XII-6
Population Estimates & Projections
XII-11
General Soil Conditions
XII-11
Septic Tank Problem Areas
XII-12
Significance & Value of Saltmarshes
X11-15
INTRODUCTION
XIII-1
HISTORIC SITES
SECTION XIII
Index of Brunswick County's Major Historic Sites
XIII-2
Map of Historic Sites
XIII-4
The Significance of the Major Historic Sites
Williams House
XIII-5
Belvedere Plantation
XIII-7
Battery Lamb and Saltworks
XIII-9
Railroad Hotel
XIII-9
Winnabow Plantation
XIII-10
Clarendon Plantation
XIII-12
Old Town Plantation
XIII-14
Pleasant Oaks Plantation
XIII-16
Orton Plantation
XIII-18
Brunswick Town
XIII-20
Fort Anderson
XIII-23
St. Philips Church
XIII-25
A Colonial Fort and Liberty Pond
XIII-27
Price's Creek Lighthouse
XIII-28
"The Rocks"
XIII-29
The Quarantine Station
XIII-30
Fort Caswell
XIII-31
"Old Baldy"
XIII-34
Cape Fear Lighthouse Complex
XIII-37
Gause's Tomb
XIII-39
The Boundary House
XIII-40
Hickory Hall
XIII-41
A List of Historical Highway Markers In Brunswick
Co. XIII-43
Bibliography
XIII-45
v

H
CHART,OR GRAPH
SUBJECT (SECTION I)
PAGE
Map
Brunswick County Township Map
3
P-1
Brunswick County Population Change 1790-1975
4
Graph
County Population 1790-1975
5
P-2
Population Change By Township, 1930-1970
6
Graph
Percentage of Population Change by Township, 1930-1970
7
Map
Brunswick County By Census Tract and Enumeration
District
9
P-3
Population By Census Tract and Enumeration District,
1970
10
P-4
Population of Towns, 1940-1970
11
P-5
Births, Death, Natural Increase Totals and Rates,
1930-1970
13
P-6
Net Migration, 1930-1970
15
Graph
Total Population Lost Through Out -Migration, 1930-1970
16
Graph
White Population lost through Out -Migration, 1930-1970
17
Graph
Non -White Population lost through Out -Migration,
1930-1970
18
Graph
Migration Loss or Gain By Census Decades, 1930-1970
20
P-7
Population Gain or Loss By Sex and Race, 1950-1970
21
Graph
Population Changes By Race and Sex, 1950-1970
22
P-8
Place of Residence in Previous Years Compared to
Census Years
23
Graph
Cofhparative Place of Residence 1950-1960-1970
24
P-9
School Enrollment As An Indicator of Population
Change, West Brunswick High School Service Area
25
Map
Brunswick County By High School Service Area
26
.Graph
Percentage Change in Public School Enrollment 1958-1975
27
P-10
County -Wide School Enrollment as An Indicator of
Population Change
29
Graph
Marital Status By Sex and Race, 1950-1960-1970
31
P-11
Marital Status By Sex and Race, 1950-1960-1970
32
P-12
Household Composition, 1950-1960-1970
33
P-13
Household Composition By Township, 1970
34
P-14
Population Age Group, 1950-1960-1970
35
P-15
Population Distribution by Race, Sex and Age Groups,
By Township, 1970
36
P-16
Population by Age Group -
37 S
P-17
Social Security And Old Age Assistance, 1969-1973
38
vi

r
CHART OR GRAPH
SUBJECT (SECTION I)
PAGE
Graph
Percentage of Population By Productivity
Groups, 1950-1970
39
P-18
Farm/Non-Farm Population, 1950-1970
41
P-19
Non -White Population Change by Township, 1960-1970
42
P-20
Non -White Population By Sex, 1950-1970
43
P-21
Income -Education Comparison, 1970
44
P-22
Educational Attainment, 1950-1970
44
P-23
Percent of High School Graduates Entering College Or
Otber Formal Training
45
Map
Visitation Area "A"
47
P-24
Accomodations, Area "A", 1974
47
P-25
Visitation, Area "A", 1974
48
Map
Visitation Area "B"
48
P-26
Accomodations, Area "B", 1974
49
P-27
Visitation, Area "B", 1974
Map
Visitation Area "C"
51
P-28
Accomodations, Area "C", 1974
51
P-29
Visitation, Area "C", 1974
51
Map
Visitation Area "D"
52
P-30
Accommodations, Area "D", 1974
53
P-31
Visitation, Area "D", 1974
53
P-32
Accommodations, County Totals, 1974
54
P-33
Visitation, County Totals, 1974
54
P-34
Capacity, Visitors, Visitor Days By Type Of
Accommodations, 1974
55
P-35
Visitors and Visitors Days By Season, 1974
55
0
vii

OF
CHART OR GRAPH SUBJECT
(SECTION II) PAGE
E-1
Primary Economic Activity-1974
E-2
Years Started - Existing 1975 Manufacturing firms
E-3
Manufacturing 1975-General Classes
E-4
Farms By Average Size-1964 and 1969
E-5
Farm Related Land Use In Acres 1966-1972
E-6
Summary of Principle Crops 1960-1974
E-7
Cash Receipts From Farm Marketing, 1969-1974
E-8
Farm Population, 1950-1970
E-9
Average Annual Agricultural Employment 1962-1975
E-10
Forest Harvest, Pulpwood 1964-1973
E-11
Timber Harvest, Saw Timber and Veneer, 1964-1973
E-12
Estimated Value Of Timber Production 1964-1974
E-13
Shellfish, Food Fish and Industrial Fish Catch
And Value, 1963-1973
E-14
Percentage of Total County Catch and Value By
Shellfish, Food Fish and Industrial Fish, 1963-1973
E-15
Average Price Per Pound, Brunswick County. Catch
1963-1973
E-16 County Rank Of Seafood Catch, 1972
E-17 County Rank of Seafood Catch, 1973
E-18 Percentage of Total State Catch and Value By
Shellfish, Food Fish and Industrial Fish 1963-1973
E-19 Basic Expenditure For Tourism - 1974
E-20 Salt Water Sports Fishing Value - 1974
E-21 Tourism Expenditures - 1974
E-22 Tourism Expenditures By Type - 1974
E-23 Reported Retail Sales, 1960-1974
E-24 Comparison of County Retail Sales With Adjacent
Counties
E-25 Number and Type of Retail Stores, 1964-1972
E-26 Secondary Economic Activity - 1974
E-27 Average Annual Construction Employment, 1965-1975
E-28 Bank Activity, 1966-1974
E-29 Savings In Banks and Saving and Loan Associations
E-30 Median Income 1950-1970
E-31 Social Secunity and Old Age Assistance, 1969-1973
E-32 Percent of Families By Income Range 1950-1970
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
12
13
15
15
16
16
17
17
21
23
24
27
30
30
31
32
33
35
35
36
37
37
0
viii

r
CHART OR GRAPH
SUBJECT (SECTION II)
PAGE
E-33
Percent of White Families By Income Range 1950-1970
38
E-34
Percent of Non -White Families By Income Range
1950-1970
38
Graph
Number of Individual North Carolina Income Tax
Returns Filed By Brunswick County Residents, 1958-1973
39
Graph
Adjusted Gross Income of Individual North Carolina
Income Tax Returns, Bruns. Co. Residents, 1958-1973
40
E-35
Summary of Individual Tax Returns 1958-1973
42
E-36
Estimates of Motor Vehicle Registration 1960-1974
43
E-37
Assessed Value of Intangible Property 1960-1974
43
E-38
Employment of Brunswick Co. Residents and Sensitivity
To Change in the National Business Cycle, 1960-1970
46
E-39
Occupation of Brunswick County Workers, 1970
47
E-40
Industry and Class of Brunswick County Workers, 1970
48
E-41
Average Annual Work Force Estimates, 1962-1969
50
E-42
Average Annual Work Force Estimates, 1970-1975
51
E-43
Brunswick County Job Applications, November, 1974
52
E-44
Worker Commuting Patterns For Brunswick County
1960-1970
53
T-1
Appraisal Property Values, 1965-1975
57
T-2
Appraised Value Ad Valorem Tax Rate, Tax Levy,
Collections, Collection Rate, 1968-1974
59
T-3
Estimated 1975 Tax Base
60
T-4
Combined Ownership-1975 Tax Base
60
T-5
County Revenue Sources, Total Expenditures
62
Graph
Percentage Change In Tax Base, Tax Rate, Total
Revenue, Total Expenditures, 1968-1974
63
T-6
Revenues and Expenditures
65
0

CHART OR.GRAPH
H-1
H-2
H-3
Map
H-4
H-5
H-6
H-7
H-8
H-9
H-10
H-11
H-12
H-13
Map
H-14
H-15
H-16
H-17
H-18
H-19
Map
H-20
:-.SUBJECT
(SECTION III) PAGE
Housing Units and Occupancy
Vacancy Rates By Townships, 1975
Housing Units For Sale Or Rent, 1975
Seasonal Housing, 1975
Housing Units As A Percent Of County Total By
Township, 1975
Vacant/Seasonal Housing In Beach Area Townships, 1975
Vacant/Seasonal Housing in Beach Area Towns, 1975
Mobile Homes By.Township, 1975
Farm Houses By Townships, 1975
Age of Housing Sturctures, 1950, 1960, 1970
Units Per Housing Structure, 1950, 1960, 1970
Rooms Per Unit, 1956, 19609, 1970
True Value of Housing Comparison
Value of Owner Occupied Housing, 1950, 1960, 1970
Substandard Housing, 1975
Structural Condition of Housing, 1975
Plumbing Conditions, 1950, 1960, 1970
Occupancy of Units, 1950-1975
Persons Per Household
Persons Per Room
Vacant/Seasonal, Occupied, Mobile Homes and Total
Housing Units, Incorporated, Unincorporated, 1975
Ddhsity Patterns
1975 Land Use Survey Results
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
8
0
9
10
10
11
12
13
14
14
15
16
16
17
18
20
EI

M
CHART OR GRAPH SUBJECT (SECTION X) PAGE
PP-1
Population Estimates By State and Federal Agencies
3
PP-2
Population Estimates By The Brunswick County
3
Planning Department
GRAPH
POPULATION ESTIMATES, 1971-1975
4
PP-3
Population By Townships, 1975
6
PP-4
Rank Of Townships By Population, 1970 And Occupied
6
Housing Units, 1975
PP-5
Rank Of Towns By Population, 1970 And Occupied
7
Housing Units, 1975
PP-6
Population Projections, 1976-2000
$
PP-7
Seasonal Population Projections
10
0
xi

SECTION I
POPULATION
PRUNSWICK
REPORT
COUNTY
MAY , 1976
PREPARED BY THE BRU NSW I CK COUNTY
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
i

I-1
• I. INTRODUCTION
The basis for most planning studies is the population, both
current and projected, for the geographic area covered in the
study. All planning services such as schools, highways, streets,
fire protection, police protection, recreation, water, sewer, gar-
bage collection, social services, libraries and medical care fa-
cilities are related directly to the population they serve.
It is also important to determine the breakdown of the popu-
lation by sex, race, age groups and income groups. ror exa111P1
an area with a large population of elderly persons would normally
require more medical facilities than an area with an average elderly
population. An area with a large population of persons with low
incomes would require more social services.
Brunswick County also has a Seasonal Population, primarily
in the beach areas, that must be considered along with the resident
population for they too create demands on some services and facili-
ties, especially water, sewer and roads.
Another factor to be considered is the density pattern. Typi-
cally, areas of population concentrations have a greater need for
certain services, especially water and sewer, than areas of low
density populations.
It is also important to use information by the smallest geo-
graphic units available within the study area. In Brunswick County,
the Townships are the smallest geographic areas for which detailed
information is available. By utilizing the information for the
• Townships, the changes occurring within the County can be determined.
This section includes a discussion of the historic and current
population of Brunswick County. The historic population statistics
r

I-2
show the change and trends that have and are occurring. The •
population of a given area is never static and change is always
occurring. That is why planning is by necessity, an on going
process adjusting periodically as changes occur.
Population changes in four (4) different ways: births,
deaths, people moving into the area (in -migration) and people
moving out of the area (out -migration). Brunswick County has
experienced a dramatic change in migration since 1960. The
County has a large out -migration between 1930 and 1960 and a
large in -migration from 1960-1970 and 1970-1975.
Therefore, it is the purpose of this section to provide the
basic population data on which current and future needs for
services and facilities and future residential and commercial land
requirements can be determined.

•. . ..... ....
WA CCA MAW
SHALLOTTE
I7
LOCHwo FOLLY
77
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
TOWNSHoPS
'HNES Stale (Miles)
1 0 1 2 3 4
t
TOWN CREEK
I
' N
w

I-4
II. GROWFH, SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
The land area now known as Brunswick County was first settled
in the early 1700's although some explorations were made 200 years
earlier. In 1764, Brunswick County was formed from Bladen and New
Hanover Counties.
The first Census of Brunswick County was taken in 1790 and
listed a population of 3,071. From 1790 through 1900, each ten
year census period had a population increase of 14% or more with
two exceptions, 1830 to 1840 and 1860 to 1870. Since 1910, the
percentage growth has been 8% or less except in the 1940-1950 and
the 1960-1970 decades. The growth has been 47.1% from 1970 to
1975. (See Chart P-1)
BRUNSWICK COUNTY POPULATION CHANGE
1790-1970
Chart P-1
Year
Po ulation
Change
Percentage Change.
1790
3,071
0
0.0%
1800
4,110
1,039
33.8%
1810
4,778
668
16.3%
1820
5,480
702
14.7%
1830
6,516
1,036
18.9%
1840
5,
(1,251)
19. %
1850
7,272
2,007
38.1%
1860
8,406
1,134
15.6%
1870
7,754
( 652)
( 7.8%)
1880
9,389
1,635
21.1%
1890
10,900
1,511
16.1%
1900
12,657
1,757
16.1%
1910
14.432
1,775
14.0%
1920
14,876
444
3.1%
1930
15,818
942
6.3%
1940
07
8.3%
1950
19,238
2,113
12.3°%
1960
20,278
1,040
5.4%
1970
24,223
3,945
19.5%
1975
35,621
11,39$
47.1%
( ----) uenotes uecrease
SOURCE: U. S. Census •

r]
'I•

I-6
From 1930 to 1960.(and probdbly from 1910 though no infor•mdtion
was available); the County's growth rate was very low because most
of the natural increase was lost through out -migration. In the
1960's, this out -migration trend was reversed and the 1960-1970 popu-
lation gain was nearly as large as the total gain from 1930 to 1960.
This population growth has continued to an estimated 35,600 in 1975.
The primary cause of the rapid population increase was the start up
of a major industrial employer in 1968 and then starting of another
large project that brought several hundred construction workers in-
to the County. A second factor has been the increasing popularity
of Brunswick County as a retirement area. Natural Increase, Migra-
tion and Estimated Population is discussed more indepth herein.
POPULATION CHANGE BY TOWNSHIP AND PERCENTAGE OF COUNTY TOTAL
1930-1970
AR P-2
Lockwood's Folly
Northwest
Shallotte
Smithville
Town Creek
Waccamaw
1970 Population
4,748
3,356
4,877
4,346
5,215
1,681
1960-1970 Change
459
1,187
667
991
852
(211)
Percentage Change
10.7%
54.7%
15.8%
29.5%
19.5%
(11.2%)
Percent of County Total
19.6%
13.9%
20.1%
17.9%
21.6%
6.9%
1960 Population
4,289
2,169
4,210
3,355
4,363
1,892
1950-1960 Change
450
(233)
427
482
232
(318)
Percentage Change
11.7%
(9.7%)
11.3%
16.8%
5.7%
(14.42)
Percent of County Total
21.2%
10.7%
20.7X
16.5%
21.5%
9.3%
1950 Population
3,839
2,402
3,783
2,873
4,131
2,210
1940-1950 Change
416
113
586
(63)
1,030
31
Percentage Change
12.2%
5.0%
18.3%
(2.2%)
33.2%
1.4%
Percent of County Total
20.0%
12.5%
19.72
14.9%
21.5%
11.5%
1940 Population
3,423
2,289
3,197
2,936
3,101
2,179
1930-1940 Change
714
113
454.
24
(272)
214
Percentage Change
26.4%
5.2%
16.6%
.8%
(8.1i)
10.9%
Percent of County Total
20.0%
13.4%
18.7%
17.1%
18.1%
12.7%
1930 Population
2,709
2,176
2,743
2,912
3,373
1,965
Percent of County Total
17.1%
13.7%
17.3%
18.3%
21.2%
12.4%
1930 to 1940 Change
2,039
1.180
2,134
1,434
1,842
(284)
ercent Change
75.3%
54.2%
77.8%
49.2X
54.6%
(14.5X
( ---- ) Denotes Decrease
SOURCE: U. S. Census
1

•
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION
o,
0
+70
+60
+50
+40
♦30
+20
+10
0
-1 0
I930 - I970
CHANGES
BY COUNTY AND TOWNSHIPS
i
n
_20 l I I
1930 1940 1950 19 GO
COUNTY Am v
NORTHWEST TOWNSHIP --0—
LOCKWOOD'S FOLLY TOWNSHIP --6—
SHALLOTTE TOWNSHIP
1970
SMITHVIL L E TOWNSHIP
TOWN CREEK TOWNSHIP --a-"
WAC CAMAW TOWNSHiP -

a
Population changes within the County are revealed by compari-
•
sons of the Townships from 1930 to 1970. Lockwoods Folly and
Shallotte Townships have had steady population growths while Wacca-
maw has experienced an overall decline. Northwest, Smithville and
Town Creek began this period with no growth or a decline then had
a comparatively rapid increase beginning in 1960 for Northwest,
1950 for Smithville and 1940 for Town Creek. The greatest overall
gain was 55% in Northwest Township from 1960 to 1970. (See Chart P-2)
The most probable cause for the loss of population in Waccamaw
Township is the overall decline in small farms and Waccamaw is the
major farming area in the County. With the decline in farms, no
other source of employment came into the area and many people were
forced to seek a livelihood elsewhere.
The best method of comparing population change between the
Townships is looking at each Township's percentage of the total
County population by Census years. Town Creek has been the most
consistant maintaining 21 to 212% in all years except 1940 and
Town Creek has led the County in each year except 1940. Waccamaw
has had a general decline. The other four Townships have had
variations of 3% to 4% from 1930 to 1970 with Lockwoods Folly
increasing then declining, Northwest and Smithville declining
then increasing, and Shallotte increasing. By grouping Shallotte,
Lockwoods Folly and Waccamaw Townships, the western three Townships,
and comparing these with the eastern three Townships, the West had
46% of the population in 1930, 51.4% in 1940, 51.2% in both 1950
and 1960 and 46.6% in 1970 thus illustrating that during this period
the initial growth was in the west and then a shift was made to
•
the east.

CENSUS TRgcTS BRUNSWICK COUNTY
ENUMERATION DISTRICTS — NORTH CAR OUNA
BOLIVIA ED 15,1g Q
5OLLOTTE ED 7,8,2%3O 7
SOUTIIPORT ED23,2I,38 g
ED 1 Scale (Miles)
/ 1 0 1 2 3 4
/ ED3 ED2
-�T 20I
_ I
ED16 17
ED 17 ED 18
t
i
,
3 , CT a02
CT 206 ; t `
ED 6 £OS EDI / ' - •�•
r `� t ED2S 1
�� 1 l �•� '�J EDtS
� t N
•t O» � _ 1 LAn /
ED35 E031 ED11 'ED1o. EDz6 Irv►
E020
CT20S C-t2oq :
- - ; ED 25 t
__ EDe7 _ ED27
E036 i, Lot ,fD —
\ - CT203 _ 1
/ o
- sDzt eta �
17 .tt
wac er►.0 ao:7
-n--
�f t ED 3T
S.Mt\T (t/.GM rA Yak QiA.M

I-10
For the first time, the 1970 Census provided Information by
Census Tract and Enumeration District in the County. Brunswick
County is divided into 6 Census tracts and these are divided into
48 enumerated districts. Even though no comparisons with the
past census years are possible, the enumeration districts will
provide a means of pinpointing population trends and growth areas
in future years. (See Chart P-3)
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY
CENSUS
TRACT AND ENUMERATION DISTRICT
1970
Census
CHART P-3
Census Tract 201
Census Tract 202
Census
Tract 203
ED 1-1169
ED 13- 110
(Bolivia)
ED
21A-
346
(Long Beach)
ED 2-2131
ED 15- 153
(Boiling
Spring
Lakes)
ED
21B-
147
(Long Beach)
ED 16-1819
ED 18-1208
ED
22-
334
(Yaupon Beach)
TOTAL 5119
ED 19- 622
ED
23-
909
(Southport)
ED 20- 92
(Boiling
Spring
Lakes)
ED
24-
1264
(Southport)
ED 25- 93
ED
27-
1007
TOTAL 2278
TOTAL
4007
Census Tract 203.99
Census Tract 204
Census
Tract 205
ED 38- 47 (Southport)
ED 8- 141(Shallotte)
ED
6-
470
TOTAL 47
ED 10-1006
ED
29-
184
(Shallotte)
ED 11-1018
ED
31-
78
(Ocean Ts1Q)
ED 12A-557
ED
32-
108
(Sunset Beach)
ED 12B-551
ED
34-
768
TOTAL 3273
ED
35-1145
ED
36-
907
ED
37-1638
TOTAL 5298
Census Tract 206
Summary
ED 3- 56
Census Tract 201 -
5119
ED 4- 961
202 -
2278
ED 5- 250
203 -
4007
ED 7- 272 (Shallotte)
203.99
47
ED 9-1203
204
3273
ED14- 75 (Bolivia)
205
5298
ED17-1228
206
4201
ED26- 107
TOTAL
24,223
ED33- 49
TOTAL 4201
Source: U.S. Census
In 1940, there were three incorporated towns in Brunswick
County; Shallotte, Southport and Bolivia. By 1960, the number
had increased to six as Ocean Isle, Long Beach and Yaupon Beach
were added. By 1970, Sunset Beach, Holden Beach and Boiling
•
Spring Lakes had incorporated bringing the total to nine. Since •

•
1970, three more towns, Calabash and Shady Forest in the Southwest
section of the County and Caswell Beach on Oak Island have incor-
porated giving the County a total of twelve in 1975.
In 1940, 1950 and 1960, Southport, Shallotte and Bolivia
ranked one, two, three in population. In 1970, Southport and
Shallotte still ranked one and two but Bolivia dropped to sixth
as Long Beach, Yaupon Beach and Boiling Spring Lakes became three,
four and five.
Yaupon Beach and Boiling Spring Lakes each conducted an un-
official census in 1974. Long Beach had an official census in
1976 based on these, the 1975 ranking would be long Beach second,
and Boiling Spring Lakes thrid. Two other factors, now under
POPULATION OF TOWNS 1940 to 1970
Chart P-4
1940
1950
1960
1970
1974
Town Pop.
Pop.
Pct.
Pop.
Pct.
Pop.
Pct.
Pop.
Ch .
Ch .
Ch
Shallotte 381
493
+29.4
480
-2.6
597
+24.4
-
Southport 1;760
1,748
-.1
2,034
+16.4
2,220
+ 9.1
-
Bolivia 203
215
+5.9
201
-6.5
185
- 8.0
-
Ocean Isle -
-
-
5
-
78
+1460.0
-
Long Beach -
-
-
102
-
493
+383.3
1,660*
Yaupon Beach -
-
-
89
-
334
+275.3
556*
Sunset Beach -
-
-
-
-
108
-
-
Boiling Spg. Lks. -
-
-
-
-
245
-
700*
Holden Beach -
-
-
-
-
136
-
-
*1974 Population for Long Beach, Boiling Spring Lakes and Yaupon Beach
Long; Beach 1976 Census - Preliminary
Boiling_Spring Lakes conducted an unofficial
census to determine an unofficial 1974 popula-
tion of 700.
Yai�on Beach conducted an actual, but unofficial,
census to determine a 1974 population of 556
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS

I-12
consideration, that would further alter town populations is a
proposed annexation by Shallotte and a proposed merger of Lony •
Beach and Yaupon Beach. (See Chart P-4)
Based on available information, the beach communities and
Boiling Spring Lakes are the fastest growing towns in the County.
III. NATURAL INCREASE
Natural Increase is total number of births minus the total
number of deaths within the same time period and is one of the
two factors of population change. Births, deaths, and Natural In-
crease are expressed in two forms, total number and rate per
one thousand population.
The rate per thousand figure is more expressive of trends than
the total numbers. (See Chart P-5)
Using ten year periods, beginning in 1930, the total number
of births increased from 4,553 in the 1930-1939 period to 5,362 in
the 1950-1959 period. The number dropped to 4,560 in the 1960 to
1969 period. From 1970 to 1974, 2,745 births were received which
projected through 1979 would be almost 5,500 for the ten year
period resulting in an increase in total births.
As births were increasing between 1930 and 1959, total deaths
declined from 1844 to 1610. Then from 1960 to 1969, deaths rose to
2,036 and at the current level, the 1970-1979 total would be about
2,350.
The Natural Increase also rose from 2,709 to 3,752 between 1930
and 1959, dropped to 2,524 in the 1960-1969 period, and at the current
rate will total over 3,100 between 1970 and 1979. •
Expressed in total figures, births, deaths and natural increase
are all presently increasing. However, when the rate per thousand

T-13
BIRTHS, DEATHS, NATURAL INCREASE
TOTALS AND RATES PER THOUSAND POPULATION
1930-1974
Chart P-5
1930-1939
1940-1945
1950-1959
1960-1969
1970-1974
White
Births
Deaths
2750
1038
2926
929
2826
931
2681
1336
1938 '
801
Natural Increase
1712
1997
1895
1345
1137
NONWHITE
Births
Deaths
1803
806
2266
754
2536
679
1879
700
807
373
Natural Increase
997
1512
1857
1179
434
TOTAL
Births
Deaths
4553
1844
5192
1683
5362
1610
2036
203
45
2774
1174
Natural Increase
2709
3509
3752
2524
1571
White
Birth Rates
Death Rates
27.2
10.3
25.1
7.6
22.
7.4
2.
9.9
07
2.
8.6
Nat. Inc. Rates
17.0
16.3
15.1
10.0
12.2
NONWHITE
Birth Rates
Death Rates
30.8
13.3
36.5
11.3
30.3
9.0
26.0
9.7
20.3
9.4
Nat. Inc. Rates
16.6
22.7
24.6
16.3
10.9
TOTAL
Birth Rates
Death Rates
28.3
11.5
29.0
8,8
26.7
8.0
22.0
9.8
20.6
8.8
Nat. Inc. Rates
16.9
18.3
18.6
14.5
11.8
SOURCE: N. C. Vital Statistics
population is considered, two are actually decreasing. The total
birth rate had declined steadily from a high of 29.0 in the 1940-1949
to a 1974 rate of 20.6. The Natural increase rate peaked at 18.6 in
the 1950-1959 period and has declined to a current rate of 11.8. The
death rate has shown no consistency with a decline from 1930 to 1959,
an increase from 1960 to 1969 and another decline from 1970 to 1974.
There have been variances in the rates for the White and Non -White
populations. The White birth rates declined from 27.2 to 20.0 between
0

I-14
1930 and 1969 and had a slight increase to 20.7 between 1970 and 1974.
The Non -White birth rate peaked at 36.5, 1940-1949, and has steadily
dropped to a 1974 level of 20.3. From 1930 to 1969, the Non -White
birth rate was much higher than the White birth rate. Then, for the
first time, in the 1970-1974 period, the White birth rate exceeded
the Non -White.
The Non -White death rate has also exceeded the White death
rate except in the 1960-1969 period when the White rate was 9.9
and the Non -White rate was 9.7.
The Natural Increase rate for the White population declined
each period between 1930 i:nd 1969 starting with a rate of 17.0 and
ending with a rate of 10.0. The trend reversed with an increase
started with a rate of 16.6, rose -to 24.6, 1950-1959 and has since
since declined to a rate of 10.9 in 1974.
Even though the White Natural Increase rate is rising, it is
not enough to offset the decline of the Non -White Natural increase
rate and the total rate is declining. It is the total increase in
population that is responsible for the total number increase of the
Natural increase.
IV. MIGRATION
Migration is the second of the two factors of population change
and is expressed as "in -migration" for persons moving into the
County or "out -migration" for persons moving out of the County.
Migration patterns are determined by using a specific time
period when the total population is known at the beginning and the
end, such as a census decade, and applying the natural increase for
the same period. For example, Brunswick County's population in

1-15
1930 was 15,815. The natural increase between 1930 and 1940 was
• 2,709, therefore, if no one had moved into or out of the County,
the 1940 population would have been 17,890. Since the 1940 actual
•
population was 17,2159 there was a net loss, or out -migration of 765
persons.
Beginning in 1930, if there had been no in or out -migration,
Brunswick County's 1960 population would have been approximately
25,900 instead of an actual 20,200 showing a net out -migration of
5,700 persons. From 1960 to 1970, an in -migration of 1,400 persons
occurred reversing the out -migration trend. By 1970, the net -out
migration since 1930 had been lowered to 4,000 persons (See Chart P-6).
NET MIGRATION, 1930-1970
Chart
P-6
1930 to 1940
1940 to 1950
1930 Population
15,815
1940 Population
17,125
Natural Increase
2,709
Natural Increase
3,509
Projected 1950 Population
17,890
Projected 1950 Population
20,634
Actual 1940 Population
17,125
Actual 1950 Population
19,238
Loss By Migration
765
Loss By Migration
1,396
1950 to 1960
1960 to 1970
1950 Population
19,238
1960 Population
20►278
Natural Increase
3,752
Natural Increase
2,524
Projected 1960 Population
22,990
Projected 1970 Population
22,802
Actual 1960 Population
20,278
Actual 1970 Population
24,223
Loss By Migration
2,71.2
Gain By Migration
1,421
SOURCE: U. S. Census and N. C. Vital Statistics

36,000
33,000
30,000
27,000
24,000
21,000
18,OOC
15,00(
TOTAL POPULATION LOST OR
I-16
GAINED THROUGH MIGRATION,
'1930 - 1975
MEN!
MEN!
GAINED THROUGH
IN -MIGRATION
NO ONE HAD HAVE BEEN HERE
LOST THROUGH
ACTUAL POPULAT
oom0101�ill��IF
sm
■��.mmmor■�■
���'�IIIIIIII�����■
■
IMEIVAIPAN)�MEIEEI
I I
Will11111141all!"
■
■
MElF'j
OVA Ar ION
INE
0
IN
MENor,
0 0 1 0 0 0 Ln
Q� 01 Cl Q1 Ql Ol
SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS, N.C. VITAL STATISTICS
r,
ION

17,000
16,000
15,000
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
WH
ITE POPULATION LOST
THROUGH OUT-- MIGRATION
1930-1970
1AG lA Iorr)
IF NO ONE HAD MOVED
IN OR OUT,FROM 1930
1970 TO 1970, THE POPULATION
ERE
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS AND N. C. VITAL STATISTICS
c

NON -WHITE POPULATION LOST
I 18
12,000
11,000
10,000
9,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
THROUGH OUT- MIGRATION
1930- 1970
1970 IF NO ONE HAD MOVED
IN OR OUT, FROM 1930
TO 1970 , TFIE POPULATION
1it)
U
WOULD ,HAVE BEEN HERE
or
LOST THROUGH
OUT -MIGRATION
ACTUAL POPULATION
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS AND N. C. VITAL STATISTICS

I-19
• The greatest losses through out -migration was in the Non -White
population. From 1930 to 1970, the Non -White Natural Increase totaled
5,545 while the actual population increased 1,300, a loss over 4,000
through out -migration. From 1950 to 1970, the Non -White population
increase was only 300.
The White population also had losses through out -migration
between and 1960 though not nearly as great as the Non -White losses.
The overall White loss totaled 2,400 persons by 1960. However, the
out -migration trend turned to in -migration between 1960 and 1970.
The White Natural increase from 1960 to 1970 was 1,345 persons while
the total White population increased 3,700, an in -migration of over
2,300 persons. This in -migration was almost large enough to bring
the 1970 actual White population up to the 1970 Natural Increase level.
From 1970 to 1974, the in -migration totaled 10,028 persons to make
the 1974 population well above the Natural Increase level.
The population total for Non -White Males was about the same
in 1970 as it was in 1950 and the Non -White Females had a gain of
only 300 illustrating that almost all of the Natural Increase was
lost through out -migration. Both the White Males and females had
a population gain of approximately 2,300 each from 1950 to 1970.
The ages of 20 to 29 were the most popular for residents moving
out of the County except White Males which preferred the 10 to 19
age group. The out -migration of Non -Whites declined after the age
of 30. Both the White Males and Females had in -migration in the
30 and above age groups. (See Chart P-7)

MIGRATION LOSS OR. GAIN I-20
QY CENSUS DECADE
1930 1970 AND
19 70 19 74
III
IQ
9,
8
7
•
•

I-21
ICOMPARISION OF GAIN OR LOSS OF POPULATION
BY SEX AND RACE - 1950 - 1960 - 1970 Chart P-7
Non -White
White
Males
Males
A e
1950
1960
1970
1950
1960 1970
0-9
1,449
1,027
10-19
1,264
1,343
768
900
20-29
843
712
1,199
502
374
414
30-39
842
829
974
425
355
302
40-49
876
1,007
352
296
50-59
944
291
Non -White
White Females
Females
Aae
1950
1969
1970
1950
1960
1970
0-9
1,367
1,061
10-19
1,226
1,223
727
879
20-29
891
829
1,259
530
374 471
30-39
844
809
1,012
432
371 347
40-49
855
943
369
50-59
985
326
SOURCE: U. S. Census
Utilizing this Chart, it can be determined in which age groups the
greatest out -migration occurred by race and sex by tracing a group through
the years.
For example, under the Non -White males, of the 1,027 in the 0-9 Age
Group in 1950, 900 were remaining in 1960 when they were in the 10-19 Age
Group, a loss of 127. In 1970, this same group, now 20-29, had declined
to 414. This was a loss of 386 or slightly more than the loss when they
were in the 10-19 Age Group.
Net -migration showns the difference between in and out -migration
and does not show the total movement of persons as people are constant-
ly moving into or out of an area. Utilizing information from the
census on place of residence prior to the census year, total move-
ment patterns can be more clearly determined. (See Chart P-8)
0

WA
9500
9000
8500
8000
7500
7000
6500
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
WHITE MALE
WHITE FEMALE
POPULATIGI CHANGES
BY RACE AND SEX. 1950-1960-1970
b
NON -WHITE FEMALE
NON -WHITE MALE
•

•
PfAC6 OF RESIDENCE IN PREVIOUS YEAR Chart P-8
COMPARED TO CENSUS YEAR
1950 1960 19T0 jg70 County Resldanta
io5o County Residents 1960 Co rsidents
Residence in 1949 Place of Residence in 1955 Place of Residence in 1965
Persons Five Years Old and Older
Place of
Persons One Year Old and Older Persons F1ve Years Old and Older
17,837 21,918
19,749
'otal Persons
11,512 13.871
15,890 64.5% 63.2•
iase House
84.6%
'accent
4,)22 3,439
Afferent Rouse in County 1'9?44 24.2% 15.74
Percent
78.9t
94.0• 8d.7�
1,033
Percant in Count
Dutside of County
1,623
885 10.214 18.{�
{.7•
Percent
of W rted
200
SOURGZ1 U.S. CENsus
In the 1950-2960 decade, the net out -migration was 2,712. The
1960 Census listed 1,823 as being non-residents frive years previously
these in -coming residents added to the net out -migration,
so with
it is possible to conclude that over 4,500 people left in the County
during the 1950's. If the in -coming flow for the five years of the
Census decade not covered in the Census report was at a rate equal
to the five covered years, then it is possible that 6,500 persons
left in the County between 1950 and 1960.
By using the same line of assumptionsfor the 1960-1970 decade,
at least 2,600 and possibly as many as 5,000 people left Brunswick
County and enough people moved into the County, 4,000 to 5,500 to
achieve a net In -migration of 1,421.
School enrollment is an indicator of changes in population
although it does not follow exactly the same pattern. The decline
in the birth rate and the in -migration of retired persons to Bruns-
wick County are two of the major factors to consider in comparing
the school enrollment to total population.
Between the census years of 1960 and 1970, the total population
increased by 19.46% while the school enrollment increased by 11.50%.
From 1970 to 1974, the peak year, school enrollment rose 25.79% and
then dropped 1.61% from 1974 to 1975.
I

I-24
COMPARATIVE PLACE OF
RESIDENCE
1950- 1960 - 1970
OF THE 1950 OF THE 1960 OF THE 1970
POPULATION, POPULATION, POPULATION,
IN 1949: IN 1955: IN 1965:
6% LIVED IN A
10% LIVED IN A
18% LIVED IN A
DIFFERENT COUNTY
DIFFERENT COUNTY
DIFFERENT COUNTY
9% LIVED IN A
24% LIVED IN A
DIFFERENT HOUSE
DIFFERENT HOUSE
16% LIVED IN A
'
IN BRUNSWICK
IN BRUNSWICK
DIFFERENT,HOUSE IN
COUNTY
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
COUNTY
85%
LIVED
IN
LIVED
IN
64%
LIVED IN
THE
SAME
HOUSE
I
166%
THE
SAME
HOUSE
THE
SAME HOUSE
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS

I_2
To use the school enrollment as an indicator in sub -divisions
• of the County, the lowest units we could use were the service areas
of the three high schools and their related "Feeder" schools as fol-
lows:
West Brunswick High South Brunswick High North Brunswick High
Shallotte Middle Southport Middle Leland Middle
Union Primary Southport Primary Lincoln Primary
Waccamaw Elementary Bolivia Elementary
The West Brunswick Area has had a relatively stable, relatively
low growth rate peaking in 1973 with a decline in 1974 and 1975. Since
the major changes came after the 1970 Census, we can only speculate
that there has been little population growthin this area and that
since 1973 the population may be declining, particularly of persons
with school age children.
To investigate this theory, the following comparison chart of
Elementary School Enrollment from 1970 to 1975 was prepared. The
Elementary Grades were used to avoid the affect of school drop -outs.
WEST BRUNSWICK HIGH SCHOOL SERVICE AREA CHART P-9
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
FIRST GRADE 256 284
SECOND GRADE 246 253 283
THIRD GRADE 251 239 260 292
FOURTH GRADE 259 253 305 282
FIFTH GRADE 264 273 297 287
SIXTH GRADE 295 282 290
288 271
EVENTH GRADE
270
IGHTH GRADE
_SOURCE: BRUNSWICK COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION
In using the above chart, start with any grade in 1970
and follow the enrollment within the lines. For example, 256

SCHOOL AREAS — —
0
NORT 1
,SOUTH BRUNSWICK HIGH SCHOOL
WEST BRUNSWICK HIGH SCHOOL AREA
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
Scale (Miles)
1 0 1 2 3 4
Si EAI"' SCHOOL
AREA\^
V

I-27
PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN
PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
SELECTED YEARS, 1958 -- 1975 .
O,0
70
60
50
40
30
00,
20
10
0
1958 1960 1970 1971 197.2 1973 1974 1975
WEST BRUNSWICK AREA --*--
SOUTH BRUNSWICK AREA -�--
NORTH BRUNSWICK AREA wool sow -`

I-28
students were in the first grade in 1970. After a loss of 3 in •
1971, this class increased in both 1972 and 1973 which shows that
families were moving into the area. However, after the peak of
305 students in 1973, the class dropped to 282 in 1974 and declined
further to 271 in 1975. Since it would be unlikely that there would
be school dropouts at this age, the decline would indicate that
families were moving out of the area. The same pattern occurs in
each of the grades shown.
In the South Brunswick High and North Brunswick High areas, r
the enrollment increase for 1970 to 1974 was spectacular. 1974
was the peak year and there was a slight decline for 1975. Undoubtedly,
this increase was created primarily by an influx of construction wor-
kers as up to 3,500 were employed on two projects in the Southport
area alone during this period. A number of these commuted to work
daily or rented accomodations during the work week but it is
believed that the majority moved to Brunswick County. These
projects are nearing completion and a number of the workers are
leaving the County.
With the current decline in the construction force, the school
enrollments should drop even more and will probably reach a stable
level in 1976, and should show a steady increase there after until
another large construction project is started.
In using the county -wide school enrollment as an indicator of
population change, the following chart was prepared.
0

I 29
4N,
•
BORN 1964
ENTERED
SCHOOL 1970
BORN 1965
ENTERED
SCHOOL 1971
BORN 1966
ENTERED
SCHOOL 1972
BOR14 1967
ENTERED
SCHOOL 1973
BORN 1968
ENTERED
SCHOOL 1974
BORN
420
423
426
429
414
ENTERED SCHOOL
390
430
467
469
565
SECOND GRADE
494
607
649
613
THIRD GRADE
576
685
747
FOURTH GRADE
637
609
FIFTH GRADE
672
BRUNSWICK COUNTY VITAL STATISTICS
Again, the Elementary School Group was used to avoid the in-
fluence of school drop outs. This chart traces selected groups from `
year of birth through the 1974 school year. In 1964, 420 children
were born to Brunswick County residents. This group would have
entered school in 1970. By then the group had declined to 390,
a loss of 30. From then on, this same group increased in size reach-
ing 672 in number. This was an Increase of 252 over the number
born in the County and 282 more than entered school in 1970. For
the time being, it seems that the out -migration of earlier years
has been reversed. Continued in -migration will probably depend
upon the periodic additions of jobs in the County or within easy
commuting distance of County residents.
Although there is no way to actually determine all the reasons
of In or Out -migration, there are some that are the most probable.
The primary reason was probably economic. Up until the late 1960's
Brunswick County has few job opportunities for its citizens and
farms were on the decline. Other areas of the State and County
• held the promise of jobs so unemployed and under -employed persons
moved to these areas of more promise.

I 30
The location of a major industry in the County in the late
1960's and the beginning of construction of another major project, •
plus a growing number of people moving to Brunswick County to retire
contributed to the in -migration by 1970.
V. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
As well as changes in the total number of people in Brunswick
County, there have also been changes in the characteristics of the
population.
Marital Status
The marital status is applied to persons 14 years old or older
and has three classifications; Single, Married, and Widowed, Divorced
or Separated. Since in or out migration greatly affects total num-
bers, the percentage of the total population in eac- category alone
shows the trends.
Contrary to the National patterns which have shown a growing
percentage of the population in the single group, Brunswick County
has had an increasing smaller percentage of Single persons. From
27% being Single in 1950, the percentage dropped to 23% in 1970.
The percentage of Married persons has declined slightly from 65'2
% in 1950 to 65% in 1970. The percentages lost in the Singles
category was gained by the category of Widowed, Divorced or Separated
which Increased from VA in 1950 to 12% in 1970. (See Chart P-11)
There is only one common trend for both the White and Non -White
populations. The percentage of Widowed, Divorced or Separated in-
creased from 1950 to 1970 for both. The White percentage rose
from 7% to 101, and the Non -White percentage from 81A to 15%.

MARITAL STATUS OF PERSONS-14YEARS OF -AGO
AND OVER BY SEX AND RACE, 1950-1960—_1970
1950 1960 1970
SINGLE
1950 1960 1970
MARRIED D
L950 1960 1970
1950 1960 1970
wiDowEo
DIVORCED J9
S£PARAiED
w
H

MARITAL STATUS 1950, 1960, 1970 Chart P-111
1960 1970
1950
WHITE NON -WHITE TOTAL WHITE NON -WHITE TOTAL WHITE NON -WHITE
TOTAL
12,204 7,034 20,278 13,103 7,175 24 223 16 780 7,443
tal Persons
19,238
6,707 4,637 2,070 80445 6,200 2,245
le, 14 and over
6,424 '4,285 2,139 2,283 1,426 857
2,031 1,268 763 2,003 1,214 789
5,566 4,393 1,173
Single
4,122 2,837 1,285 4,289 3,156 1,133
Married
.dowed, Divorced
91 415 267 148 596 381 215
Separated
271 180
6,695 4,552 2,143 8,788 6,191 2,597
:male, 14 and over 6,226 4,042 2,184 1,424 754 670 1,757 897 860
Single
394 786 608
1,4,307 3,186 1,121 5,603 4,383 1,220
2,855 1,303
Married
Ldowed, Divorced
4,158
273 964 612 352 1,428 911 517
r Separated
674 401
Other than that, the White and Non -White populations had
completely opposite trends. The Non -White population followed the
National trends by having an increasingly larger percent of Single
311z% in 1970, while the percentage of Married persons fell
persons,
60% to 492%. The trends of the White -population were just the
from
the 1950-1970 Single percentage declined from 2412% to
reverse as
19% and the Married percentage rose from 682% to 71%.
The trends for the White Males and Females were the same as
were trends for the Non -White Females. A larger percentage of Males,
both Whites and Non -White, were single than females in each census
The females, both White and Non -White, had a greater percen-
year.
tage of Widowed, Divorced or Separated than Males. The percentage
of Married was about equal for Males and Females.
HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION
From 1960 to 1970, the number of households in Brunswick County
c
increased from 4,397
to 6,958,
a 58% increase, as the population in
households rose from
19,035 to
24,122, and increase of only 27%.
•

I-33
During this period, the average persons -per -household declined from
4.33 to 3.47 as Brunswick County's trend corresponded to the National
trend of a smaller households. (See Chart P-12)
BRUNSWICK COUNTY HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION
Chart.P-12
1950-1970
Total
Households,
4,397
Number
AA
Population In
19,035
HouseholdsPopulation
Per
4.33
Household
96
Institutional
SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS
1960
Total I White
5,014
3,678
20,114
13,025
4.01
3.59
85
20
1970
Total
White
],089
6,958
5,297
24,112
16,708
3.47
3.15
31
21
Non -
White
1,661
7,414
c
4.46
10
No information was available for the White/Non-White Composition
in 1950. In 1960, the average household size for Whites was 3.59
and Non -Whites, 5.11. In 1970, the average household sizes were
3.15 and 4.46 respectively as the Non -White household size declined
slightly more than the White.
In 1970, the largest total average persons -per -household was
in the Northwest Township with an average of 3.69. Shallotte
followed closely with an average,of 3.67. The smallest average
was 3.03 in Smithville Township. For the White population, the
largest average was in Town Creek with 3.35 followed closely by
Northwest with 3.34. The smallest was in Smithville with an averq:,t,
of 2.84 per household. For the Non -White population, the largest
population, the largest average household size was in Shallotte
Township at 5.33, Lockwood's Folly was a distant second with 4.63

I-34
persons -per -household. Smithville also had the smallest average
size for Non -Whites, 3.66 (See Chart P-13) 7 .
TOWNSHIP HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION - 1970 Chart P-13
Lockwood'
Follyorthwest
Shallotte
Smithville
Town Creek
Waccamaw
Total
Total Households
1,351
910
1,330
1,404
4,253
1,446
5,207
517
1,681
6,958
24,1242
Household Population
4,748
3,356
4,877
3.67
3.03
3.60
3.25
Population Per Household
3.51
3.69
556
997
1,084
3,081
1,133
3,798
485
1,551
5,297
16,703
White Households
1,042
Household Population
3,318
,859
3,101
3.11
2.84
3.35
3.20
3.15
Population Per Household
3.18
3.34
Non -White Households
309
354
333
320
1,172
313
1,409
32
130
1,66 1
7,414
Household Population
1,430
,497
1,776
5.33
3.66
4.50
4.06
4.45 �
Population per Household
4.63
4.23
SOURCE:. U. S. CENSUS
For the Townships, there is a direct relationship of age to
average household size. Northwest, with the overall largest house-
hold size, had the smallest percentage of persons over 65 years
of age, while Smithville had the smallest household size and the
greatest percentage of persons over 65.
AGE
The population of Brunswick County is growing older corres-
ponding to the National trend. There are five factors influencing
r
this trend in the County.
First, the out -migration that occurred by both Whites
prior to 1960 and by Non -Whites prior to 1970 was of persons under
30 years of age, those most likely to bear children. Second the
in -migration of Whites between 1960 and 1970 was of persons over
30 years of age; persons less likely to bear children though many
has children when they moved to the County.
Third, the birth rate declined significantly between 1950 •
and 1970 while, fourth, the death rate also declined significantly,

I-35
meaning fewer births occu►•red.and people were living longer.
• The fifth factor was the development of retirement areas in
the County that have attracted a number of retired persons. From
1950 to 1970, the percentage of persons under 18 years of age
dropped from 42.5% to 37.4% while persons 65 and older rose from
5.9% to 8.4%. In 1950, the Median Age was 22.6 which increased
almost 4 years to 26.4 in 1970. It is probable that this trend
will continue with continued in -migration of retired persons being
POPULATION AGE GROUPS
1950 - 1970 Chart P-14
1950 1960 1970
---------------
White Males 6,257 6,658 8,492
38.9 34.6
Percent Under 18 N/A 8.2 8.7
Percent Over 65 6.8
Median A e N A 27.8 28.8
White Females
5,947 6,445 8,288
Percent Under 18 N/A
37.1 32.4
7.7 9.2
Percent Over 65 6.0
Median A e N A 28.0 29.7
Non -White Males 3,471 3,569 3,459
Percent Under 18 N/A 52.1 48.3
Percent Over 65 4.6 5.7 6.4
Median Age N/A 17.4 18.9
Non -White Female 3,563 3,606 3,72
Percent Under 18 N/A 050
Percent Over 65 5.5 .0 18.2 2. 6.7
Median A e N A
Total Males 9.728 10,227 12,054
Percent Under 18 N/A 43.5 38.2
Percent Over 65 6.0 7.3 8.1
Median A e N/A N A 25.8
Total Females 9,510 10,0511 1231699
Percent Under 18 N/A 158
.1 .
Percent Over 65 5.8 27.7
Median A e N/A N A
Total Population 19,238 20,278 24,2?3
• Percent Under 18 42.5 42.7
Percent Over 65 5.9 7.2 8.4
Median A e 22.6 23.9 26.4
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
c

I -36
a major factor. The decline in the total death rate.and for the
White birth rate seems to have stabilized. The Non -White 'birthrate •
reached the White level in the 1970-1974 period and quite possibly
may stabilize at that point. (See Chart P-14)
On the Township level in 1970, the largest percentage of persons
18 and Under was 41.0% in Shall.otte Township while the smallest was
32.4% in Smithville. Of persons 65 and older, the largest percentage
was 12.1% in Smithville and the smallest 5.6% in No The
highest median age was in Smithville at 32.4 years, nearly 10 years
higher than the lowest, 22.7 years in Northwest Township. (See Chart
P-15).
1970 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY TOWNSHIPS
RACE, SEX, AGE GROUPS Chart P-
I,ockwood's Foll Northwesr�!�
tte Smithville Town Creek Waccamaw TOTAL
TOTAL POPULATION 4,748 3,356877 4,3465,215 1,681 24,223
Male
2,353
1,665
2,421
2,120
2,226
12,054
12,169
Female
395
2,780
1,691
2,456
3,318
1,859
3,101
3,153
1,193
17,443White
7,443Non-White
1,43022.7
1,497
1,776
IM
Age
26.6
24.4
32.4
26.4Median
37.437.4
Under 18
45.4
5.6
47.6
7.6
12.4
12.1
8.4Percent
Percent Over 65
7.3
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
Percentages of persons under 18, 65 and older and median age
by race and sex were not available for 1950. From 1960 to 1970, the
percentage changes in each of the above categories was virtually the
same for White and Non -White males and females.
In total numbers, the Under 18 group increased 11%, 8,176 to
9,059, between 1950 and 1970. The 65 and Over age group increased
79%, 1,134 to 2,034 during the same period. The 1950 to 1970 popu- •

I-37
lation increase was 26% meaning that the Under 18 group grew at
• less than half the reate of the total population while the 65 and
Older group increased at a rate 3 times greater than the population.
Census totals by age groups beginning with under 5 and continuing
in 5 year increments to 70 and over were available from 1940 to 1970.
During this period the largest increase in total number was 852 in
the 70 and over age group. The smallest increase was 211 in the 30
to 34 age group. (See Chart P-16)
POPULATION BY AGE GROUPS
1940 - 1970 Chart P-16
1940
1950
1960
1970
1940-1970
Increase
UNDER 5
1,978
2,523
2,441
2,327
349
5-9
2,184
2,381
2,469
2,550
366
10-14
2,050
2,078
2,417
2,653
603
15-19
1,959
1,907
1,928
2,320
361
20-24
1,543
1,404
1,125
1,840
297
25-29
1,314
1,362
1,164
1,542
228
30-34
1,115
1,290
1,134
1,326
211
35-39
1,009
1,253
1,230
1,342
333
40-44
849
1,080
1,279
1,292
443
45-49
700
873
1,173
1,349
649
50-54
679
800
982
1,328
649
55-59
544
628
838
1,227
683
60-64
430
525
642
1,093
663
65-69
388
519
578
799
411
70-Over
383
615
878
1,235
852
TOTAL
117,125
19,238
20,278
24,223
7,098
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
The average 1940-1970 increase for each of the five year incre-
ments, age 0-19 was 420. The groups from age.20 through 34 averaged
an increase of 245, the lowest of these combined groups. From age
35 up, the average increase became increasingly larger. The 35-49
• age groups averaged 475, the 50-65 groups, 665 and the 65-70 and
0

over groups averaged 632, the highest of all. The 20 to 34 age
I-38
groups which had the lowest growth was also the ages in which the
greatest out -migration occurred. •
Five of the six largest gains were in the age groups 45 and
over. The one exception was the 65-69 group which ranked seventh
with a gain of 411. The 10-14 age group ranked sixth with a gain
of 603.
From 1969 to 1973 the number of persons receiving Social
Security increased over 36% while the estimated number of Old Age
Assistance Recipients remained constant. The 1970 Census listed
2,035 residents as being 65 or older; and, if the same ratio
to Social Security recipients was maintained through 1973, the
number of persons 65 and older would have been 2,457, an increase
of 422 in the three year period. (See Chart P-17)
SOCIAL SECURITY AND OLD AGE ASSISTANCE RECIPIENTS
1969 - 1973 Chart P-17
Year
Social Old Age
Total
Percent
Security (a) Assistance (b)
Increase
1969
1,539 200
1,739
1970
1,739 200
1,939
11.50%
1971
1,833 200
2,033
4.85%
1972
1,964 200
2,164
4.32%
1973
2,100 200
2,300
6.28%
SOURCES (a) Social Security Administration
(b) Brunswick County Social Services Department (Estimated)
The population can also be divided into four age groups based
on productivity. The first group is School Age and includes ages
up to 19. This group is considered to be low productivity. The
second group is Young Productive and includes ages 20 through 49.
This group has the highest percent of employed persons. It is in
this age group that workers are more inclined to change jobs and .
move to another area seeking better or more beneficial employment.

I-40
Group three is Settled Productive and includes the ages 50
through 64. This group is not inclined to changes jobs or move •
into another area. The -last group is Retired and includes the ages
of 65 and over.
For the White Male and Female populations, the trends were the
same and consistent from 1950 to 1970. The percentage of School
Age population declined as the percentage of Settled Productive and
Retired increased. Young Productive, percentage wise, has remained
about the same.
The Non -White Male and Female populations have similar trends, r
but not consistant ones. While percentage of Retired and Settled
Productive have had a slight increase there have been fluctuations
in the other two age groups. The percentage in the School age group
of both male and femaleincreased from 1950 to 1960 and then declined
from 1960 to 1970. For the Non -White males, the Young Productive
group experienced a sharp decline from 1950 to 1960 and had a slight
decline from 1960 to 1970. The Non -White Female Young Productive
also declined from 1950 to 1960 and increased slightly from 1960 to
1970.
FARM POPULATION
In 1950, Brunswick County's population was 53% farm. From 1950
to 1960 the exodus from the farms made a major impact on the County.
With little local work available and small farms becoming unprofit-
able, over 4,200 people left their farms and sought a better life
elsewhere. This decline in farm population corresponds very closely
with the out -migration of the same decade. By 1960, the farm popu-
lation had declined to 28% of total population. (See Chart P-18)
•

FARM/NON-FARM POPULA`1`ION 1950-1960-1970
Chart P-18
1950
1960r24,223
70
Number
_
Percent
_
Number
PercentPercent
Total Population
19,238
100.0
20,278
100.0100.0
Non -Farm
9,259
48.1
14,564
71.8
,
86.7
Farm
9,979
51.9
5,714
28.2
3,217
13.3
Non -Farm Total
9,259
100.0
14,564
100.0r2l�,006100.0
White
5,721
61.8
9,465
65.0
69.7
Non White
3,538
38.2
5,099
35.0r2,309
30.3
Total
9,979
100.0
5,714
100.0100.0
.Farm
white
6,483
65.0
3,640
63.7
71.8
Non White
3,496
35.0
2,074
36.3
28.3
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
This trend continued on to 1970 as the farm population de-
clined further to 13% however, the percentage figure is a little
misleading. The total farm population declined 2,500 persons be-
tween 1960 and 1970 but heavy in -migration of non -farm persons
was also a factor in reducing the farm percentage.
Overall, from 1950 to 1970, the farm population declined 68%.
White farm population declined 64% and Non -White, 74%. During this
same period, the total non -farm population increased 126% as the
White increase was 156% and the Non -White increase was 80%.
NON -WHITE POPULATION
While the total population of Brunswick County increased by
4,985 from 1950 to 1970, the Non -White population increased only
409. The Non -white Natural increase, 1950-1970, was 3,036 re-
vealing a net out -migration of 2,627. With this out -migration and
•
the net in -migration
of White
population,
the percentage
of
the
`..
Non -White population
dropped
from 36.7% in
1950 to 30.7%
in
1970.

I-42
Of the 409 Non -White increase, 91 were males and 318 females.
Percentage wise, the Non -White Males in relationship to total males •
dropped from 35.7% in 1950 to 29% in 1970 and the Non -White females
declined from 37.5% to 31.9%. It would seem that slightly more
males than females migrated from the County but no natural increase
statistics by sex is available to confirm this.
Township statistics are available for 1960 and 1970 only.
From 1960 to 1970, three of the six townships had a net gain in Non -
White population. Northwest gained 361, Shallotte, 60, and Smithville,
49. The losses.were Town Creek, 145, Lockwood'.s Folly, 51, and Wac-
camaw, 6. Even though these were gains in persons in three townships,
the percentage of the Non -White population dropped from 4.4% to 8.6%
in these and two other townships. The only township that has a per-
centage increase in Non -White population was Waccamaw with a .5%
gain even though there was a loss of 6 people. This percentage
increase was the result of larger out -migration for the White popu-
lation than the Non -White. (See Charts P-19 and P-20)
NON -WHITE POPULATION CHANGE
BY TOWNSHIP, 1960-1970
Chart P-19
1960
1970
Total
Percent
Total
Percent
1960-1970
Township
Population
Non -White
Non -White
Population
Non -White
Non -White
Change
Lockwood's Folly
4,289
1,481
34.5%
4,748
1,430
30.1%
(51)
Northwest
2,169
1,136
52.4%
3,356
1,497
44.6%
361
Shallotte
4,210
1,716
40.8%
4,877
1,776
36.4%
60
Smithville
3,355
1,144
34.1%
4,346
1,193
27.4%
49
Town Creek
4,363
1,562
35.8%
5,215
1,417
27.2%
(145)
accamaw
1,892
136
7.2%
1,681
130
7.7%
(6)
TOTALS
20,278
7,175
35.4%
24,223
7,443
30.7t
268
(---- )• Denotes Decrease
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
•

•
NON -WHITE I10PULN-rION BY SEX 1950-1970
Chart P--20
11950 �1960 1970 1950-1960
Chan4e
tal Population 19,238 20,278 24,223 14,985
ri-White 7,034 7,175 7,443 409
rcent Non -White 36.7% 35.4% 30.7$ (6.0%)
tal Males 1 9,728 110,227 12,054 2,326
n-White 3,471 3,569 3,562 91
rcent Non -White 35.7% 34.9% 29.6$ (6.1%)
ital Females 9,510 10,051 12,169 2,659
in -White 3,563 3,606 3,861 318
�rcent Non -White 37,5$ 35.9% 31.9% (5.6%)
I-43
Denotes Decrease SOURCE: U. S. Census
Most of the percentage loss of the Non -White population occurred
between 1960 and 1970 and it will be 1980, the next census, before
it can be determined if this trend is continuing.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
The educational level of a population is directly related to
the economic well being of that population. Typically, the greater
the level of educational attainment, either through college or a
trades school, the greater the level of earning ability. For
example, in a 1966 population study of High Point, N. C. , the
income levels in each of the 15 census tracts were ranked in almost
the same order as the median school year completed.
Brunswick County follows the same general pattern although
not as clearly defined as High Point.
Census tract 203 ranked first in education but only third in
income. This Census Tract is generally Smithville Township which
has a large population and this is the most probable reason for the
education - income variation. The same situation may also be a
factor in Census Tract 205. (See Chart P-21)

INCOME - EDUCATION COMPARISION 1970 CHART P-21
CENSUS TRACTS
201 202 203 204 205 206
MEDIAN SCHOOL YEARS 9.1 9.4 11.3 8.7 9.2 9.1
MEDIAN INCOME $7,120 $6,970 $6,665 $6,196 $5,214 $6,278
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
The educational attainment of Brunswick County's residents
increased significantly from 1950 to 1970. Of the two measuring
devices, the Percentage of High School Graduates has shown the most
change increasing over four times from 7.2% to 29.5%. The increase
in Median School Years Completed has not been as spectacular rising
from 7.3 years to 9.2 years (See Chart P-22)
i
EDUCATION
ATTAINMENT
PERSONS 25 YEARS
AND -OLDER
Chart
P-22
1950 - 1960
- 1970
1950
1960
1970
Persons
%
Persons
%
Persons
%
ersons 25 Years or Older
8,940
9,873
12,539
o School Completed
600
6.8
438
4.4
193
1.5
9.7
lementary, 1-4 Years
2,025
23.1
1,905
19.3
1,212
5-7 Years
3,245
785
36.9
8.9
994
10.1
1,292
10.3
8 Years
igh School, 1-3 Years
1,500
17.1
1,361
13.8
3,345
26.7
4 Years
265
3.0
1,523
15.4
_ 2,627_
21.0
College 1-3 Years
220
2.5
304
3.1
5694.5
4.0
4 Years
145
1.7
224
2.3
501
Not Reported
155
Percent High School Grads
7.2
20.8
29.5
Median School Years Completed 7.3
7.6
9.2
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
•

Over the past twelve years, 1963 to 1974, the percentage of I-45
Brunswick County High School graduates entering college increased
•
from 18.7 in 1963 to peak in 1970 of 27.9%. From 1970, the percen-
tage declined to 16.5 by 1974, the lowest in the twelve years.
(See Chart P-23)
•
Chart P-23
PERCENT OF HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES ENTERING
COLLEGE OR OTHER FORMAL TRAINING, 1963-1974
Year
Percent
Percent
Percent
Colle a
Other Training
Total
1963
18.7
6.2
24.9
1964
20.3
13.2
33.5
1965
21.7
11.9
33.6
1966
25.0
14.6
39.6
1967
22.9
15.2
38.1
1968
24.1
20.1
44.2
1969
26.9
24.4
51.3
1970
27.9
21.1
49.0
1971
26.8
10.5
27.3
1972
23.2
7.9
31.1
1973
21.1
23.2
44.3
1974
16.5
30.6
47.1
SOURCE: N. C. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
The graduates entering Formal Training other than College
has had two peaks since 1963. Starting with a low of 6.2% in 1963,
there was an increase to a high of 24.4% in 1969. Then came another
decline to a low of 7.9% in 1972 and then another increase to an
all time high of 30.6% in 1974.
1969 was the top year for High School Graduates continuing
their education, both College and Other Formal Training. Over
half, 51.3% entered post high school training. 1963 was the low
year as only 24.9% continued their education.
For these twelve years,.no definite long term trends have
been established, only short trends caused by unknown factors. The
future economic level of the County's citizens will depend on the
level of educational and skills attainment.
r,

I-46
VI.
SEASONAL VISITATION
Tourist visitation has a very important place in the planning •
processes for Brunswick County. Not only does tourism make a con-
tribution to the economy of the County but also a demand on services
such as water and sewer, roads and an impact on the fragile frontal
dunes and beaches.
The base year for this study was 1974. Determinations made
were based on a staff survey of Brunswick County and a comprehen-
sive study of the tourism industry done in 1972 by the State of
South Carolina. `
The following definitions apply to the text.and charts here-
after used in this section.
Houses = Seasonal Homes, with one or more living units
(apartments), and includes mobile homes.
Units = Number of dwelling units in seasonal homes, apartments,
motels and campgrounds.
Capacity = Number of persons able to sleep in the beds provided
Visitor Day = One visitor staying one day
Visitation = Total number of persons visiting an area and in-
cludes renters of houses, motels, apartments,
campgrounds and owners and other users of seasonal
homes.
The survey.consisted of the following elements:
1. Securing a list of Resort Rental Houses from rental agents,
motels from the owners or operators, by houses, number of
units and capacity. In addition, information on party size
and occupancy rates was obtained.
2. A count of non -agency rented seasonal homes on beaches by the
method of: total houses on beach, minus agency rented houses,
minus houses occupied by permanent residents equal non -agency
rented seasonal homes. Although, listed as "non -rented", it
is known that some houses are rented by the owners. Because
of the inability to determine the number of owner rented houses,
they are treated as "non -rented". •

I-47
3. A count of seasonal homes adjacent to beach areas on or near
the Intracoastal Waterway and estuarine rivers and waters.
These were counted separately from the beaches because they
-,• were entirely different, being mostly mobile homes, from the
houses on the beaches.
4. Visitation count of assembly and group camp areas.
Utilizing the information collected in the above elements, an
estimated total capacity was determined. Capacity of rental houses,
motels and campgrounds were counted but non -rented seasonal homes
could only be estimated based on windshield inspections or on average
size of rental houses on the beaches.
To the total capacity in each category, reported occupancy
rates and party size rates were applied to provide visitation by
rental houses, motels,campgrounds and seasonal homes individually.
Visitation of assembly grounds and group camps were provided by
the owners.
Visitation was calculated for Spring (10 Weeks), Summer (12 Weeks),
and Fall (12 Weeks). Winter (18 Weeks) is estimated. For each of
the visitation seasons, calculations were made to determine average
visitors per week, peak week and season total. The peak week is a
calculation of the greatest number of visitors expected in any one
week such as Easter in the Spring, the Fourth of July in the Summer
and Labor Day in the Fall.
For report purposes, the County has been divided into four
areas generally corresponding with the four coastal islands and the
adjacent mainland area. The only exception is the Boiling Spring
Lakes area which has been included in the Oak Island Southport Area.
The Land Use Survey did not reveal any other areas of seasonal home
development.
Also omitted from this survey were the motels outside these speci-
fic areas. These motels cater to the pass through traffic primarily

I-48
and are not used for vacation and weekend trips. The one exception
might be the motels in the Leland area. These may provide some acco- •
modations to visitors to the Wilmington area and especially to visi-
tors of the U. S. S. North Carolina.
The first area, designated "A" on the map, is the area between
South Carolina on the West to N. C. 904 at Seaside on the East and
includes Carolina Shores, Calabash, the area along the State Roads
1164 and 1172, and Sunset Beach.
t
ilk
y
0-
9�0 �
2
9
S
�a
Chart
P-24
ACCOMOOATIONS -
Area A
Number
Units
a acit
Seasonal Homes
(Including Agency
Rented)
305
315
2,447
(Agency Rented
Homes) (1)
(126)
(136)
(1,236)
Motels (2)
4
56
248
Campgrounds 2
1
25
100
TOTALS
310
396
,195
1 Available for rental primarily during the summer only
(2) Full Time Rentals, Some Not Open All Year

I-49
VISITATION -TAREA A
Chart P-25
Average
Peak
Season
%
Visitor
$
Week
Week
Total
Da s
- 10 Weeks
911
2,233
9,107
19.8%
2/,321
12.4%
pring
- 12 Weeks
1,959
2,511
23,511
51.2%
152,822
69.4%
ummer
12 Weeks
1,080
2,258
12,963
28.2%
38,889
17.7%
all -
---
350
.8%
1,050
.5%
inter
- 18 Weeks
---
L974 Visitation - 45,931 100.0% 220,082 100.0%
(Total Person Visits and Visitor Days
SOURCE: BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
t
Area "B" starts at N. C. 904 at Seaside and runs to the Shallotte
River. This includes the area around N. C. 904 and all the roads adjacent
to the Intra-Coastal Waterway and the West Bank of the Shallotte River,
and Ocean Isle Beach.
V
9"
1
1 �
OCf11M Ili �*M

ACCOMMODATIONS - AREA B
Chart P-26
Number Units
Capacity
Seasonal Homes
1,071 1,141
8,673
(Including Agency Rented)
(Agency Rented Homes (1)
(232) (302)
(2,792)
otels (2)
3 45
142
am rounds 2)
2 26
104
OTALS
L,076 1 1,212
8,919
1) Available for rental primarily during summer only
2) Full time rentals, but some not open all year
VISITATION
- AREA B
Chart P-27
Average
Peak
Season
Visitor
JPercent
Week
Week
Total
Percent
Days
Spring
- 10 Weeks
2,260
7,627
22,303
16.5%
66,909
10.0%
Sumer
- 12 Weeks
6,285
7,780
75,420
55.7%
1490,230
73.2%
Fall -
12 Weeks
3,073
7,647
36,880
27.3%
110,640
16.5%
Winter
- 18 Weeks
---
---
700
.5%
2,100
.3%
�1974 Visitation 35,303 I100.0% 1669,879 1100.0%
Total Person Visits and Visitor Daysll
SOURCE: BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Area "C" begins at Shell Point on the East Bank of the Shallotte
River and goes to Sunset Harbor and includes both sides of the Lock -
woods Folly River, all the roads adjacent to the East side of the
Shallotte River, roads adjacent to the Intracoastal Waterway, and
Holden Beach.
0
0
0

t
ACCOMMODATIONS - AREA C CHART P-28
----TNumber Units Capacity
Seasonal Homes 1,216 1,250 8,175
(Including Agency Rented)
(Agency Rented Homes) (lI (1912 1 (2228 11,672
Motels (2) 3 227 908
iCampgrounds (2)
ALS 1,221 1,505 9,155
VISITATION - AREA
C Chart P-29
Average
Peak
Season
%
Visitor
%
Week
Week
Total
Da s
Spring
- 10 Weeks
3,280
7,446
32,803
77,995
20.3%
48.1$
98,409
506,968
12.9%
66.
Summer
- 12 Weeks
5,500
4,111
8,031
7,446
49,336
30.4$
148#008
19.5%
Fall -
12 Weeks
---
2,000
1.2%
6,000
•8%
Winter
- 18 Weeks
--'
62,134
00.0%
759,385
00.0%
1974 Visitation -
Total
Person Visits
and Visitor
Days
SOURCE: BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT

I-52
Area "D" includes Oak Island, Southport, Bald [lead Island, and
Boiling Spring -Lakes and the area adjacent to the Intra-Coastal Waterway •
around N. C. 133 and near the Intra-Coastal Waterway.
woo
J
i
r ;

I-53
- AMUMMO -
Chart P-30
umber nits Capacity
Seasonal Homes 1,838 19907 16,623
(Including Agency Rented)
(Agency Rented homes) (1) (283) (352) (3,190)
otels (2) 10 256 1,346
ampgrounds (2) 1 100 400
ssembly Grounds 3 2 --- 1,236 4
OTALS 1,851 12,263 19,605
1) Available for rental primarily during summer only, about 50%
available Fall and Spring
2) Full Time Rentals
3) Owned and operated by the Baptist Church and Girl Scouts
4) Permanent capacity, enlarged by use of tents as needed
VISITATION - AREA D
Chart P-31
Average
Peak
Season Visitor
Week
Week
Total Percent Days
Percent
pring - 10 Weeks
5,429
11,153
82
54,694 19.1260,262
ummer - 12 Weeks
11,240
14,871
134,839 47.54
all - 12 Weeks
7,229
11,153
86,754 30.
inter - 18 Weeks
5 380 1.40
Of the accomodations in Brunswick County, Non -Agency Rented
Seasonal Homes provide over 65% of the total. Since almost all
of the Rental Housing is Seasonal Homes rented during the summer
season, Seasonal Homes would actually constitute about 89% of the
accomodations. In comparison with other beach oriented resort areas
in North and South Carolina, the percentage of motel accomodations
is a very low 4124 of the total accomodations. (See Chart P-32 and P-34)
r

ACCOMMODATIONS - COUNTY TOTALS SUMMARY _ Chart P-3
`/2
Number % Units % Capacity _ _
Seasonal Homes
(Including Agency Rented)
4,430
99.4
4,613
85.2
35,918
88.7
•
(Agency Rented Homes)
(832)
(18.7)
(1,015)
18.7
(8,836)
(21.8)
Motels
19
.4
385
7.1
1,808
4.5
Campgrounds
7
.1
378
7.0
1,512
3.7
Assembly Grounds
2
.1
40
.7
1,236
3.1
100.0%
Tnraic
4.458
100.0
5,416
100.0
40,474
VISITATION - COUNTY TOTALS SUMMARY Chart
P-33
ge
Peak
Season
Visitor
k
Week
Total
%
Days
%
pring
-
ft
80
28,458
118,907
18.7
356,721
11.9
ummer
-
84
33,193
311,765
49.1
2,026.474
67.9
all -
1293
28,504
196,481
30.9
577,799
19.3
inter
-
-
8,430
1.3
25,290
.9
1974 Visitation
Total Person Visits
and Visitor Days
635,583
100.0%
2,986,284
100.0%
In percentage of Visitor Days ,.Seasonal Homes here again the
leader by a large margin and combined with Rental Housing, provide
accomodations for over 90% of the Visitor Days. Motels accounted
for only 2.3% of the Visitor Days reflecting shorter lengths of
stay at motels.
The Assembly Grounds (including Group Camps) utilize their
capacity more fully during the summer season than any other type
of accomodations with close to 100% occupancy each week of the
season.
Except on Oak Island, few Rental Houses are available in the
spring and fall seasons, therefore, the Rental Visitation is low
in these seasons. However, the home owners use their houses ex- .
tensively during these seasons and total visitation is probably

I-55
at about the level it would be if more houses were available for
rent.
Nearly fifty percent of the visitors to Brunswick County came
during the summer and 68% of the Total Visitor Days were during
the summer reflecting longer lengths of visits.
The winter visitation was estimated based on opinions by
local rental agencies and motel owners. Of the four beach areas,
only Oak Island reported winter rentals. The majority of the esti-
mated winter visitors are the owners of second homes. (See Chart
P-33 and P-35)
t
CAPACITY, VISIIUKS Hnu viZ111Un) ut%'J Chart P-34
BY TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION
f Of Visitor � Of
Accomodation Capacity Total Visitors Total Days Total
Seasonal Homes
27,082
66.9
21.8
434,514 69.5
112,545 18.0
2,233,096
468,
74.8
1.
Rental Housing
Motels
8,836
1,808
4.5
25,156 4.0
68,988 88
2.3
Campgrounds
1,512
3.7
3.1
25,938 4.2
1 26,882 4.3
110,001
3.7
Assemblv Groundsl
1.236
10
j107$476&00.6
TOTALS
0
1
.
>
*Most Rental Housing is Second Homes Rented in Summer Only
VISITORS AND
VISITOR DAYS
BY SEASON
Chart P-35_
Seasonf
isitors'"ofTotal
Visitor Da sE67.9
Spring118,907
18.7
356,721
2,026,49Fall
Summer
311,765
196,481
49.1
30.9577,799Winter
8 430
1.3
10
25,290635
2,986 284
5 3
Mobile Homes are very popular as seasonal homes in the county.
Although, no separate county was made, it appears that at least
thirty percent of the Second Homes are Mobile Homes. The heaviest
concentrations are in the Calabash area, along the Intracoastal
Waterway behind Ocean Isle and Holden Beaches, on both sides of
the Shallotte and Lockwood's Folly Rivers and in Long Beach.

I-56
Undoubtedly, the lower cost of mobile homes and mobile home lots
have enabled many more people to own seasonal homes than if only •
conventional housing were available. Some of the mobile home de-
velopments are reasonably well planned while others are extremely
crowded. As the cost of conventional housing continues to rise,
more people will turn to mobile homes as their only hope for a
seasonal home.
There are several factors limiting Tourism in Brunswick County,
primarily the lack of cooperative promotion, commercial recreation
facilities and motels on the beaches. The commercial recreation
provided is mainly fishing piers, coin operated games and minature
golf courses. None of the beaches have even a children 's amusement
parks, nor are there any within a very short driving distance. With
the limiting factors, the Brunswick beaches have remained relatively
uncrowded.
V. SUMMARY
1. From the time of the first census in 1790 to the latest in 1970,
Brunswick County's population has grown at varying rates. There
were two distinct trends during this period with a census de-
cade growth rate of 14% or more occurring from 1790 to 1900 and
a growth rate of 8% or less from 1900 to 1960. A third trend
period may have started in 1960 as the 1960 to 1970 growth
rate was over 19%, the third highest 10 year period since 1790
and population estimates show that this trend is continuing
at a higher rate.
2. The population change within the County has varied considerably
by Townships. Only two townships have grown at a steady rate •
since 1930 and one has had a steady decline.

I-57
• The other three Townships have had a little or no growth
''"► period followed by rapid growth. The population majority was
in the eastern three townships in 1930 then shifted to the west
in 1940 and back to the east in.1970.
3. Southport has been the largest town, followed by Shallotte
since 1930 but the beach communities, especially Long Beach and
Yaupon Beach, and Boiling Spring Lakes have had the highest
growth rates.
4. Both the Birthrate and Natural Increase Rate have declined in
recent years while the Death Rate declined from 1930 to 1950,
then increased in 1960 and declined again in 1970. The Non -White
birth rate was higher than the White birth rate until the 1970-
1974 period when the White birth rate,exceeded the Non -White
for the first time.
5. Migration has been the primary factor in the population changes
of Brunswick County. Since 1930 almost all of the Non -White
Natural Increase was lost through out -migration as was a major
portion of the White Natural Increase until 1960. From 1960
to 1970; in -migration of Whites made up for nearly all of the
White Natural Increase loss from 1930 to 1960. Current popu-
lation estimates reveal that heavy in -migration continued from
1970 to 1974 with 10,028 persons moving into the County.
The probable reason for the out -migration of earlier years
was the general decline of small farms and few jobs were a-
vailable in the County. In the late 1960's, a major employer
• began operations in the County and new major construction
projects were started in the early 1970's. These undoubtedly
contributed to migration change by slowing out -migration and

creating in -migration, especially for construction workers.
Several retirement home areas have been started in Brunswick •
County and retired home owners have also contributed to in -
migration..
The U. S. Department of Commerce states that the Southeastern
States, especially the coastal areas, are receiving large in
migration and since Brunswick County is in this category, it
can be assumed that population growth through in -migration will
continue.
6. Both the White and Non -White population have had an increasingly
percentage of Widowed, Divorced and Separated persons. Other
than that, the trends have been different. The percentage of
Married persons has been constant for Whites, declining for Non -
Whites and the percentage of Single has decreased for Whites,
increased for Non -Whites.
7. The average household sixe has decreased over the years. Non -
White household size has been and still is larger than White
household size. The 1970 ranges in total household sizes were
a high 3.69 persons in Northwest Township to a low of 3.03 in
Smithville. The White retirement population is Smithville
is reflected in the low 2.84 persons per household of the White
population. The decrease in average household parallels the
decrease in birth rates and Natural increase rates.
8. The Median age of Brunswick County's population is growing older.
From 1950 to 1970, the Median age rose from 22.6 years to 26.4
years. Five.factors influenced this change. The birth rates
and death rates have declined, the out -migration prior to 1960 •
was primarily of persons under 30,•the in -migration was primarily

I-59
•
of persons over 30 and the development of retirement home
areas.
9.
During the 1950 to 1970 period, the percentage of the popula-
tion under 18 dropped from 42.5% to 37.4% while the percentage
of 65 and older increased from 5.90 to 8.4%. For the in between
age groups, the total increase of persons 45 to 64 was over
twoce that of persons 20 to 39.
10.
The most dramatic change of any population group was in the
Farm Population which was 53% in 1950 and 13% in 1970. (The
decline of the farm population parallels the out -migration prior
to 1960) The cause of the change was twofold, one being the
mass exodus from the farms plus in -migration of non -farm popu-
lation. Most of the County's farms were small and became unable
to provide a livelihood in competition with larger, mechanized
and more efficient operations. Although agriculture still is
important, Brunswick County can no longer be considered a major
agricultural County.
11.
As previously stated, the heaviest out -migration was of the
Non -White population while the in -migration was of White popula-
tion. These factors have reduced the Non -White percentage of the
population from 36.7% in 1950 to 30.7% in 1970. Even in total
numbers the 1950 to 1970 increase of Non -Whites was 409 compared
to a total population increase of 4,985.
12.
The Educational Attainment of Brunswick County Residents has
shown great improvement since 1950 but is still low. The 1950,
only 7.2% were high school graduates and Median School year
completed was 7.3 years. In 1970, 29.5% has graduated from high
school and the Median School Year completed was 9.2. Since 1968,
40% or more of the high school graduates went on to a higher

education institution except for two years. If the County's •
:
residents are to successfully compete for better jobs they
must obtain higher levels of education and skills these jobs
require.
13. Brunswick County has a Natural Resource, its beaches, that
are in great demand for recreation purposes. This resource
creates a seasonal population currently of appsoximately 33,200
people in the peak week and can be expected to grow substantially
in the future. The seasonal population has remained low because
each of the beach areas are seasonal home development with little
recreational variety instead of family resort beaches. Should
recreational facilities and transient lodging be developed,
the seasonal population would literally explode.
14. Overall, Brunswick County may well be in an extended period of
rapid population growth, now at 84% a year, especially if incur'.
trial growth continues. There are increasing pressure on the
beach areas to provide accomodations for vacationers as the ex-
isting family resort beaches are developed to capacity resulting
in larger and larger seasonal visitation. The retirement areas
should see increasing growth.

"q4io
ECONOMIC REPORT
I MUNSWICK COUNTY
MAY , 1976
PREPARED BY THE
DEPARTMENT
SECTION II _
BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING

• I.
11
r
INTRODUCTION
Counties were established for political reasons while the towns and cities
within were established generally as an economic center, no matter how small.
Many of the largest cities in our country began as a trading post. In Brunswick
County (as in all others) many small towns were established around a general
retail store which supplied goods for the surrounding rural area. As the pop-
ulation grew, more retail stores could be supported and when these were opened
near existing stores, communities developed. As transportation improved and
people were more mobile, they began to travel to the communities that offered
the greatest variety of shopping opportunities and these communities continued
to grow.
With the growth of a community, the concentration of people produced a
labor force that could supply the manpower to operate an industry and industry
in turn would provide jobs that would attract more people to the area. The other
most important factors in this development pattern was the availability of trans-
portation. Wilmington developed as the central city of this area because it
began as a port when water was the primary mode of transportation for major
commerce. Even now most of Brunswick County's industry is located near Wilmington
and the Cape Fear River.
The economy of an area is constantly undergoing long term change. These
changes affect the population in total numbers, in density and therefore the level
of services required, as well as the economic well being of each person. For
these reasons, an investigation of the economy is an important part of the
planning process. If the economic change is to industry, the population will
normally increase with the concentration being near the major industrial areas.

II-2
However, with todays means of transportation, workers commute greater distances •
than in past years. Too, industry normally increases the income of area providing
a higher standard of living. This is only one of the many examples of how a
change in the economy can affect an area.
The type of economy an area has also affects the tax base. Again, industrial
development normally means costly plants and equipment that make a major contri-
bution to the Ad Valorem Taxes, thus relieving the individual of some of his
tax responsibility.
With so many areas being influenced by the economy, the elements of the
economy must be considered as to its foundation, strength, stability and future.
While the total economy of an area contributes to the total picture, certain
activities are considered to be more.important. These are the primary basic
eonccmic activities. The stability and growth of any area depends directly
upon the stability and growth of these economic activities.
The future growth of an area can be somewhat guided through guidance of
economic development. Through planned development, especially of industry,
growth can be guided to areas best suited to sustain such growth.
All of these factors mentioned serve only as a brief and limited explanation
of the importance of the economy of an area to its past, present and future
and the necessity of considering the economic aspects in the planning process.
•

II-3
• II. EXISTING ECONOMY
For the purpose of this study, the economy of Brunswick County is divided
into two major sections. First are the Primary Economic Activities which are
the basic providers of employment and producers of goods. These activities can
be compared to the foundation of a building for it is on these that the economy
of the County is built. The other major section is composed of the Secondary
Economic Activities which are the suppliers of services to fulfill the demands
created by the Primary Economic Activities.
These are simple definitions of the functions of each and in reality, the
interworkings of these activities are extremely complex and it is often difficult
to determine whether a specific activity should be considered Primary or Secondary.
An excellent example in Brunswick County is the category of Transportation.
Typically this would be considered a service and a Secondary Activity since it
provides for the movement of people and goods. However, there are two port facili-
ties in the County that provide solid, basic employment and wo have placed these
two facilities under the Primary Activities thus giving a Transportation category
in both the Primary and Secondary Activities.
The contributions to the economy of most of the Activities are reported
by annual payroll. Exceptions are: Agriculture, reported by cash receipts of
products and government payments; Forestxy,value of harvested trees; Commercial
Fishery, Value of Catch; Tourism, expenditures by tourists.
The true contributions of each activity goes beyond the reported amounts
as the monies received are used over and over. For example, a person employed
in manufacturing uses part of his pay to purchase food. The store owner would use
part of this income to pay his employees who in turn spend a portion of the income
• for more goods. This process continues until at some point after being used by
many persons within the County, that one manufacturing employee's paycheck finally
leaves the County or is placed into savings.

II-4
Primary Economic Activities
Manufacturing was the leading employer in Brunswick County with 3,280
employees in 1974. Second was Commercial Fishing with an estimated 1400
persons engaged full or part time in this activity. An undetermined number of
persons engaged in commercial fishing have other employment or occupations
that provide their primary livelihood and are also counted in these Activities.
The 1071 employees in Tourism is based on a formula published by the State that
each $17,700 in tourist expenditures provides ore job in the tourist industry.
These jobs are in trade, services and others listed under the Secondary Economic
Activities. (See Chart E-1)
PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY-1974
CHART E-1
CTIVITY
(1)
EMPLOYMENT
(2)
ECONOMIC
CONTRIBUTION
PERCENT OF
PRIMARY
PERCENT OF
TOTAL
MANUFACTURING
3,280
$36,433 332
46.4
25.2
AGRICULTURE
530
13,837,688
17.6
9.6
FORESTRY
70
1,592,000
2.0
1.1
OMMERCIAL
FISHERY
1,400 (3)
3,536,849
4.5
2.5
TOURISM
1,071
18,957,703
24.1
13.1
RANSPORTATION
335
4,222,000
5.4
2.9
TOTALS
6,685
$73,579,572
100.00
54.4
•
(1) Source of Employment Totals: Manufacturing -Employment Security, Second
Quarter, 1974, Expanced to full year.
Agriculture -Employment Security, Second
Quarter, 1974, Expanded to full year.
Forestry Paper and Timber Companies
Commercial Fishery Estimates by local
persons in the industry.
Tourism-N.C. Travel Survey Formula
Transportation -Transportation Companies
(2) Source of Contribution: Manufacturing -Annual Payroll
Agriculture -Cash Receipts and Government Payments
Forestry Value of Harvested Trees
Commercial Fishery Value of Catch
Tourism,vExpenditures lodging, food, auto, recreation,
miscellaneous
Transportation -Annual Payroll
(3) Estimates Ranged From 1400 to 2500.

I I-5
•
i "
Manufacturing contributed $36.5 million, 46.4% of the value of the Primary
Economic Activity ill 1974 though some of the companies were not in full production
or employment. When these return to full employment and the Pfizer Plant begins
operations, Manufacturing should provide well over half of the value of the
Primary Economic Activities. Tourism ranked second in value with $19 million,
24% of the Primary, and Agriculture was in third place, $13.8 million and 17.6%.
Each of the six Primary Economic Activities are discussed in greater depth following.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing in Brunswick County was minimal until 1969 when the Dupont
Plant began operations. While one plant did not change the County into an indus-
trial area, it did provide three times the Industrial job opportunities that existed
in the County at that time. Since 1969, six other manufacturing plants have
opened or are under construction providing 425 jobs in mid 1975 and a projected
employment of 625 by mid 1976.
of the companies operating in 1975, 58% started operations since 1960, and
even more significant, 89% of the current employment is with companies that located
in the County since 1960. Of the five companies started prior to 1930, three
are fertilizer plants. (See Chart E-2)
YEARS STARTED - EXISTING 1975 MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Chart E-2
YEAR
NUMBER
%
1975 EMPLOYEES
%
Pre 1930
5
19.2
285
7.9
1930-1939
0
0.0
0
0.0
1940-1949
2
7.7
40
1.1
1950-1959
4
15.4
65
1.8
1960-1969
9
34.6
2.780
77.4
1970-1975
6
23.1
425
11.8
TOTALS
26
100.0
3,595
1100.00
SOURCE: Resources ueveivpJjWiJt.

II-6
In 1975, 80% of the 3, 595 Manufacturing Jobs in Brunswick County were in
the Chemical industry and based on anticipated employment reports, will provide •
83% of the employment in 1976. This industry is heavily dependent upon petroleum
and possible future price increases and shortages of petroleum could certainly
have an adverse affect on these industries. The Chemical. industry typically
has one of the higher industrial pay scales so as well as being the major employer,
the employees probably have a higher income level than is provided by most in-
dustries.
.The Textile industry was a distant second as a provider of employment with
310, 8.6% of the employees. All of the Textile industry is located in the western
half of the County and other than a seafood processor, is the only industry in
that protion of the County.
Eighty-five persons were employed in Seafood processing. This does not
include persons engaged on commercial fishing or seafood packing, only those
that convert the raw product into another product though processing.
There were 13 other manufacturing firms employing 350 people 9% of
the primary total. There firms produce many diverse products including electricity,
ice, wood products, metal products, boats and bedding.
The only extensive users of raw materials from Brunswick County are the
Seafood processors. Two of the processors use crabs and oysters to produce related
food products. The third processors converts menhaden and thread herring into
fish meal and fish oil. (See Chart E-3)
MANUFACTURING 1975 CHART F-
TYPE
NO.
1975 JOBS
% 1976 Jobs
Chemicals 1
7
.3 3,3
83.0
Textiles
3
310
8.6 310
7.7
Seafood Products
3
85
2.4 85
2.1
Other 2
13
350
9.0 320
7.2
TOTALS
26
3,595
1100.0 t 4,065
100.0
.�/ �1) incivaes uupont
2) Includes Carolina Power and Light Generating Plant
SOURCE: RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, DUPONT CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT
PHIZER AND SALSBURY LABS
•

II-7
• The latest available information for the manufacturing employment and
payroll was for the second quarter of 1974. At that time the employment was
3,280, 315 less than mid 1975. The average weekly wage per employee in the
second quarter of 1974 was $213.61. Assuming that the number of employees and
average weekly wage remained constant for the entire year, the total payroll
would have been $36,433,332 for 1974. (See Chart E-1, Page )
Agriculture.
In general terms, the number of farms, total farm acres, farm population
and farm employment have declined over the past few years while the value of
products produced on the farms have increased.
The total number of farms in Brunswick County declined from 1238 in 1964 to
963 in 1969, the year of the latest information. As the number of farms declined,
the size of the average farm increased from 81 acres to 90 acres. Farms of less
than 100 acres in size and especially farms of less than 30 acres all declined in
number during the 1964-1969 period while farms of 100 acres or more increased in
number. (See Chart E-4)
FARMS BY ACREAGE SIZE 1964 AND 1969
CHART E-4
1964
1969
Chan e
TOTAL FARMS
1,238
963
-22.21
TOTAL FARM ACRES*
100,105
86,96E
-13.12
PERCENT OF TOTAL COUNTY ACRES.
11.9
15.9
- 2.0
AVERAGE FARM SIZE IN ACRES
80.9
90.3
+11.62
NUMBER OF FARMS BY
ACREAGE SIZE
1-9 Acres
589
420
-28.69
10-19 Acres
291
218
-25.09
20-29 Acres
122
69
-43.44
30-49 Acres
101
78
-22.77
50-99 Acres
54
43
-20.37
100-199 Acres
7
16
+128.57
200-499 Acres
5
8
+ 60.00
500-Over Acres
0
0
------
*There is a difference in total farm acres in 1969 in the U.S. Census of
Agriculture shown here and in the U.S. Department of Agriculture report
shown on Chart E-4.
SOURCE: U. S. Census of Agriculture

II-8
Farm lands are divided into four categories, harvested Cropland, Idle
Cropland, Pasture and All Other which includes woods, wasteland, cut over land •
and homesites. Between 1966 and 1972, there was a decline in each category except
in Pasture. Of the 12,000 decline in total acres, 9,000 was in the All Other
Category. The loss in Harvested Cropland was nearly 1700 acres and Idle Cropland,
2,600 acres. Pasture Land increased by 1300 acres. While these fiores represent
the net 1966 to 1972 change, there were increases and declines in each category
thorugh the years. (See Chart E-5)
FARM RELATED LAND USE IN ACRES
Selected Years 1966 - 1972
CHART E-5
1
---1969
1971
1972
1966-1972
972
Change in Acres
t Change
r-9.02
ARM TRACTS OF
10 OR MORE ACRES
136,007
129,909
122,570
123,830
-12,277
HARVESTED CROP
LAND
23,318
21,064
23,636
21,648
-1,670
-7.16
IDLE CROP LAND
15,424
15,980
12,047
12,795
-2,629
-17.04
ALL PASTURE
3,240
4,020
2,971
4,554
+19314
+40.56
ALL OTHER LAND
GODS, WASTE,
CUTOVER, HOME-
ITES
1 94,125
1 88,845
1 83,916
1 84,833
-9,292
- 9.87
SUUKU : U. 5. UtNAK I M N I Ut AUKl UUL 1 UKt
A 1974 report by the Agricultural Extension Service, on Harvested Crop
Land only, listed the acreage at 30,544, up 8,896 acres. The year to year
variations in crop and Pasture Lands may well indicate that these catagories are
relatively stable with changes being in response to market conditions.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture provides reports on acres harvested and
value of the eleven principle crops in North Carolina. The eleven crops are
corn, wheat, oats, soybeans, peanuts, lespedeza seed, cotton, tobacco, sweet
potatoes, irish potatoes and Hay. In 1972, these crops represented 21,313 of the •
21,648 total acres of Harvested Cropland in Brunswick County.

II-9
In 1974, corn was the leading crop with 13,700 acres harvested. Soybeans
• ranked second with 10,400 acres. In third place was tobacco at 2,671 acres.
There was no lespedeza planted, 2� acres of cotton and 35 acres of peanuts.
Tobacco was the leading value crop with sales of nearly $5.3 million followed
by Corn, $2.4 million and Soybeans, $2.1 million. The total value of all principle
crops was over $9.8 million.
From 1960 through 1972, the acres harvested of these crops varied between
18,700 and 24,900. No total was available for 1973 but.in 1974, 29,000 acres
were harvested a 36% increase. Likewise between 1960 and 1971, the total value
of the crops varied between $4.1 million and $5.5 million. In 1972, the total
value rose to $6.2 million and this trend continued to 1973 with a value of $7.5
million and on to 1974 when the value reached a peak of over $9.8 million. The
value per acre of Harvested Cropland followed the same pattern as total value
reaching a high in 1974 of $339.15 per acre. Based on the 1960 to 1974 records
it appears that the downward trend of Agriculture in Brunswick County has been
halted and possibly reversed. (See Chart E-6)
SUMMARY
OF PRINCIPLE CROPS
1960-1974
CHART E-6
YEAR
ACRES HARVESTED
VALUE
VALUE PEP. ACRE
1960
21,50b
4,122.200
4,282.080
1­9 1,67
227.89
1961
1962
18,790
18,685
5,635,125
301.59
1963
20,720
21,725
4,939,120
4:896,880
238.37
225,40
1964
1965
22,015
4,930,280
223.95
1966
21,640
24,870
4,591,350
5,563,710
212.17
223.71
1967
1968
22,665
4,508,130
198.90
1969
20,130
4,675,250
232.25
266.75
1970
1971
20,380
21,455
5,436,330
5,292,560
246.68
1972
1973
21,313
Not Available
6,206,370
7,467,228
2vai20
Not Available
A
1974
29,024
91843 594
339.15
-SOURCE:
U. S, DEP RTMEN
OF A RICULTURE

I I-10
.There have been major changes in Livestock production in Brunswick County.
In numbers, the leading Livestock in 1965 was chickens with 66,500 sold. Hogs
ranked second with 15,400 cattle was last with 7,100 sales. In 1974 hogs had
became the leader with sales of 48,000 followed by chickens, down to 7,100 sales
and cattle was still last with sales of 2,700.
The total farm Income from all crops, livestock and government payments
has increased each year, 1971 through 1974. The total income was $7.5 million in
1971 and $13.8 million in 1974. Of this increase, $4.5 million was in crops and
$1.9 million in livestock, both nearly doubling during the period. Meanwhile,
government support payments fell from $150,000 to $26,784. The upward trend in
total income began a year earlier than for the Principle Crops (Chart E-6)
further indicating that a solid upward trend is occurring. Even though there was
an overall small decline in Harvested Cropland and number of Livestock through
1972, total farm income had a general increase.. Since 1972, Harvest Cropland,
Livestock and Income have all increased. (See Chart E-7)
CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETING
AND GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS
1969-1974
CHART E-7
Source 1970 1971 1972 1973 11 7
"ments
436,939 $5,884,000 $5,586,000 $6,172,000 $8,204,000 $10,063,414
446,494 2,337,000 1,809,000 2,558,000 3,390,000 3,747,490
26 84
178.036 293 000 150 000 2 6 0 3 83 688
061,469 8 514 000 7 545 000 6 0 011,ZD R M N CUL
While acres of harvested cropland decreased by 7% from 1966 to 1972,
Agricultural Employment decreased by 33%. From 1963, the employment steadily
declined from 1460 to 420 in 1974. This same trend has occurred in Farm Populati�
which declined from nearly 10,000 in 1950 to 3,217 in 1970. With the employ-

IIE
ment decline being so much greater than the harvested acres decline and
Continuing even when harvested acres increased after 1972, it would appear that
FARM POPULATION 1950-1970
CHART E-8
1950
1960
1970
FARM POPULATION
5,714,217
,PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION
51.9%
28.2%
13.3%
SUVKU4: U. b. UtnZIUa
the farms in Brunswick County have become more nad more mechanized. There is
one indicator that Farm Employment, like Harvested Cropland, has breached a low
point and has begun to increase. The Employment Security Commission reported the
average Farm Employment for the first three months of 1975 to be.795, up 375
from the average of the first six months of 1974. (Sea Charts E-8 and E-9)
AVERAGE ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT CHART E-9
EMPLOYE ES__
--YEAR— I
-AVERAGEYEAR
1963
1970
1460
870
1964
1320 .
1971
850
1965
1160.
1972
720
1906
1080
1973
530
10.07
1020
1974
420*
1968
920
1975
795*
WIV/4 JANUAKT MUUtun vU�l LI
1975 - JANUARY THROUGH MARCH ONLY
5OURPE: EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION
Forestry
Managed forest lands constitute the largest single land use in Brunswick
County. The majority of this forest land is utilized for pulpwood production
and pulpwood constitutes'nearly 30% of the wood harvested. Since 1964 Brunswick
• County has ranked near the top in pulpwood production in North Carolina. During
this period, pulpwood production dropped from 92,600 Cords in•1964 to 76,900
Cords, in 1969 and then in creased to 98,400 Cords in 1973. (See Chart E-10)

I I-12
FOREST HARVEST OF PULPWOOD
AND MISCELLANEOUS USES
IN STANDARD CORDS
1964-1969-1973
CHART E-10
PULPWOOD
*MISCELLANEOUS
SOFT HARD
RANK IN
YEAR
PINE
HARDWOOD
SOFTWOOD HARDWOOD HARDWOOD
TOTAL
STATE
1964
81,857
10,781
- - -
92,638
2
1967
69,426
14,346
116 348 -
84,236
3
1969
61,916
14,966
- - -
76,886
6
1973
76,339
20,993
1109 - -
98,441
4
vCHAftCUAL, SHUT ILL BLUCKb, NAKIIULt WAKU, YULtJ mu rILI11b
SOURCE: N. C. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY
While pulpwood production had ups and downs, wood harvested for Saw 'Vim1,t:i
and Veneer has had a steady increase.with the 1973 production being more than
twice that of 1964. Even with this growth the Country still ranks very low in
the State in this category. (See Chart E-11)
•
TIMBER HARVEST
IN THOUSAND BOARD FEET --INTERNATIONAL 1/4 INCH RULE
1964-1967-1969-1973
CHART E- 1 �
S R
COOPERAGE
D DIMENSION
TOTAL -ALL `
YEAR
HbMl DHARD
YELLOW PINE SOFTWOOD HARDWOOD HARDWOOD
SOFTWOOD HARDWOOD HARDWOOD
SOFTWOOD HARDWOOD
R
HARDWOOD
1964 .
5,438
130
192
-
1
-
2,082
-
538
-
916
-
627
-
9,385
8.543,
1967
1969
6,920
7,873
757
180
251
367
27
63
-
5.331
-
689
122
-
-
-
282
14,907
11973
10,149
198
960
337
8,943
356
356
-
-
-
21,299
The value of the wood produced varies by type, by use, by year and within the
year. Theannual value of the wood produced was not contained in any reports
therefore to arrive at a value, the price ranges by type and use of the harvested
timber was obtained for selected years and the median price was applied to the
production totals for those years.
The total value of wood production in Brunswick County more than doubled
between 1964 and 1974 with an increase from $700,300 to $1,592,000. Most of this
growth was in Saw and Veneer Timber which had a value of $237,000 in 1964 and $892,000
in 1974. This provided 73% of the total 1964-1974 increase compared to pulpwood's
27% contribution although the pulpwood production far exceeded all other classes. •
In 1964, the value of pulpwood was twice that of Saw and Veneer Timber but since
1969, Saw and Veneer Timber has produced greater value than pulpwood. (See Chart E-12)

I I-13
"N
•
ESTIMATED VALUE OF TIMBER P 061 CTIO11
SELECTED YEARS 1964-1973 CHART E-12
YEAR
SAW, VENEER, OTHER
PULPWOOD
_ TOTALS
1964
237,113
463,190
700,303
1967
250,140
463,298
713,438
1969
471,420
442,095
913,515
\1973
831,170
590,646
1,421,816
1974
892,170
700,000
1.592,000
The 1974 employment in the Forestry Industry was 70 persons, most of whom
were employed by the major paper and timber companies. This 70 did not include
the employee's at International Paper's barge loading facility as they are
counted under "transportation". It is also probable that thereare other
County residents that engage in pulpwood cutting or some other phase of forestry
work on a part time basis.
Commercial Seafood
The Commercial Seafood Industry is a vital part of the economy of Brunswick
County. The true value is difficult to determine because of a large number of
small operations quite often families, who are never requested to report fish
catch or shellfish harvest. Also, some of the larger dealers do not file
poindage or value reports.
The latest report for the County was for 1973 and it placed the value of
Brunswick County's Seafood harvest $2,567,000. However, local dealers when asked,
felt that this figure was low. The reporting agency, The U.S. Bureau of Fisheries,
stated that not all of the catches were reported.
Some of the County residents in the shellfishing industry placed the value
of shellfish in a typical year as:
Shrimp, $1,900,000 to $2,280,000
Oysters, $900,000 to $1,200,000
Clams, $150,000 to $225,000
• Based on these total low estimates, the value of shellfish alone in typical
year exceed the 1973 reported total value for all seafood by $383,000.
A story published by The Brunswick Beacon concerning the reported Seafood
Catch and value expalined the problems related to accuracy of the reports.

I I-14
The story states, "Several things must be kept in mind when thinking.about figures •
(pounds and value of catch). First, there is a tax stigma. Shellfish are taxed by
the state and when anything is taxable, accuracy is questionable. This tax stigma
applies to finfish too because fish dealers certainly do not have a guarantee
this commodity will not one day become taxable. Secondly, the amounts do not
include sport catches. Each year more sportsmen are after shrimp, crabs
and oysters, and netting fish as well as their traditional hook and line pursuits.
Many other factors lean against the accuracy of the totals, but the figures are
the best possible under existing conditions."
The average annual value of the Seafood catch in Brunswick County $172,000
in the 1936 to 1940 period and even with that low value, the County ranked third
in the State. By 1960, Brunswick County had,gained the number two position and
it still maintains that ranking. Carteret County has remained in first place
in total catch and value at least since 1936.
Brunswick County's total catch of Shellfish, Foodfish and Industrial Fish
varied greatly from 1963 to 1973 ranging between a low 12 million pounds in 1966
to a high of 60 million pounds in 1972. Most of the variation has been in
Industrial fish which accounts for 95% of the total catch in most years. The
variation in the Shellfish catch has ranged from 622,000 to 1.8 million pounds and
in foodfish from 204,000 to 913,000 pounds. The only indicated trend from 1963
to 1973 was an overall increase in the foodfish catch.
There are more defined trends in the value of the catch as the overall value
of Shellfish, Foodfish and Industrial Fish is increasing. Quite often a reduced
catch means a higher price per pound and the value does not fall as much as the
catch. The 1973 catch was only the fourth highest in pounds since 1963 yet the
value of the 1973 catch was the highest at over $2.5 million. This can he compared
•

I I-15
to the $1.6 million value of the 1972 catch which was the highest in pounds within
the period. (See Chart E- M
SHELLFISH
FOOD FISH
AND INDUSTRIAL
IiH CATCH AND9Y�9LUE
1963-1972 1970
19 1 CHART
E-1191
1973
:ATCH IN
194
1
196
16
QUNDS,
SHELLFISHf701.600
653,800
1.849,400.
1,478.400
763.300
621.600
459,600
764,600
580,100
680,200
829.900
1.204,800
499.500
1,050,600
881,700
968.600'
749.8001NDUSTRIAL�F:SH
000 FISHO4,200
299,500
204:000
396,100
912,500
53,308.200
32,946,600
10,179.300
26,632.500
36.041,300
36.431,900
37.745.200
46,354.700
58,143,300
38.850.600
.102.100
OUri Y
12,053,800
28
7
82-500
37,782,600
39,255,300
48 059 00
675 6
4 5 9
TA
NALU
pjLMSr
00
f 239.595
54,058.1035,000.00
231.654
f 532,654
$ 529.063
$ 303.638
$
323,367
62,776
$ 397,064
69,707
$ 344,347
123,784
S 650,818
.
$ 570,576
,
$ 905,439
OOD FISH
FNDUSTRIAL
18,614
39,961
23,450
49536
107:187
555004
664,2131
877,123495,452
r
'
5
690
40 749
554
OUTY
$ 614,06
f 961.934
$ 981,
$ 701660
.
0676
2702
849
f2. 66
IOTA
u°r • u
_
_i
NSH
MAR
of the total catch each year, 1963-1973, Industrial fish accounted for 94%
or more each year with one exception, but only 59% or less of the total value with
one exception. By comparison, Shellfish generally accounted for 3% of the catch
and 40% of the value. The average price per pound further demonstrates the relative
values. Industrial fish averaged one cent per pound until 1972 when the value
doubled to two cents and doubled again to four cents in 1974. Foodfish has increased
from nine cents per pound in 1963 to twenty-two cents in 1973. Shellfish averaged
thirty-four cents per pound in 1963 and ninety-three cents in 1973. Even with
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL COUNTY CATCH AND VALUE BY
SHELLFISH, FOODFISH AND INDUSTRIAL FISH 1963-1973 'CHART E-14
CATCH
FOODFISH
INDUSTRIAL
VALUE
SHELLFISH FOODFISH
INDUSTRIAL
YEAR
SHELLFISH
1963
2.3%
.7%
97.0%
98.2%
39.0% 3.0%
24.1% 4.2%
58.0%
71.7%
1964
1965
1.2%
5.3%
.6%
.6%
94.1%
54.3% 2.4%
43.3%
1966
12.3%
3.3%
84.4%
2%
19.6%
41.9%
1 67
1968
1.7%
3. %
1.2%
9 .1°
97.1%
0%
50.9%
54.3%
1969
2.0%
1.5%
96.5%
96.
8%
ffl,1139%
1%
54.2%
00
1971
1.7%
2.5%
.1%
1.0%
96.5%
9%
47.5%
1972
1.7%
1.5%
96.8%
95.8%
.7%
.5%
58.2%2.4%
1.8%
SOURCE:
U. S. BUREAU
O MARIIV
FISH RI

II-16
higher per pound prices for foodfish and shellfish, the average price of the total
catch has risen from two cents per pound in 1963 to only six cents in 1973. •
(See Charts E-14 and E-15)
AVERAGE PRICE PER POUND, BRUNSWICK COUNTY CATCH
1963-1973
(Rounded to Nearest Cent)
CHART E-15
YEAR
FISH
INDUSTRIAL
TOTAL
FISH
CATCH
196309
77.13
.01
.02
1964
.
.01
.02
1965
.29
.12
.01
.03
1966
.36
.13
.01
.06
1967
.40
.12-•01
•0
1968
.52
.14
.01
.02
1969
.52
.12
.02
.03
1970
.51
.15
.01
.03
1971
.54
.16
.01
.03
1972
.54
.18
.02
.03
1973
.93
•22.,
r�rr.04c
.06.
SOURCt: U. �o. uUKCHU ur iviniin. 1 1.74
The six cents per pound average price in.1973 was twice the average price
of three cents for 1972. In this category, Brunswick County was lowest in the
State. For the past several years, the County has ranked number two in both total
catch and total value, but last in average price per pound. The total value has
barely topped third ranked Dare County though the total catch has been from four
to six times as great. This relationship of the second ranked in total catch to
last ranked in price per pound is created by the high catch, low value Industrial
fish while the Dare County catch was all Shellfish and Foodfish. (See Charts E-16
and E-17)
SEAFOOD
HARVEST IN POUNDS AND VALUE,
1972 CHART E-16
AVERAGE PRICE
K COUNTY
POUNDS
VALUE
PER POUND
Carteret
80,267,800
4,997,573
.06
Brunswick
60,075,600
1,602,702
.03 •
Dare
9,565,800
1,505,270
.16
Pamlico
3,750,600
1,145,027
.31
S. 3JREAU OF FISHERIES

I I-17
•
SEAFOOD HARVEST IN POUNDS AND VALUE, 1973 CHART E-17
AVERAGE PRICE
RANK
COUNTY
POUNDS
VALUE
PER POUND
1
Carteret
62,349,000
$ 6,639,383
$ .11
2
Brunswick
40,569,000
2,566,849
.06
3
Dare
11,669,000
2,275,304
.19
4
Pamlico
4,439,500
1,533,697
.35
SOURCE: U. S. BUREAU
OF FISHERIES
The Shellfish of Brunswick County have brought higher prices per pound than
in other North Carolina Counties. This is shown by the County's catch averaging
about 4% of the total State catch in the past few yeras while averaging about 9%
of the total State Value. The percentage of catch and value of the Industrial
fish have been the same in relationship to the.State catch and value and has been
increasing steadily since 1966. In 1971, Brunswick County surpassed Carteret
County in Industrial fish catch and has been increasing its lead ever since. This
increase percentage of the Industrial fish catch has resulted in Brunswick County's
steadily increasing percentage of the total state catch. As the percentage of the
catch has increased, so has the County's percentage of the total State value and
at about the same rate. (See Chart E-18)
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL STATE CATCH A14D VALUE BY
SHELLFISH, INDUSTRIAL FISH AND TOTAL, 1963-1973
CHART E-18
YEAR SHELLFISH
POUNDS o VALUE
INDUSTRIAL FISH
% POUNDS 1 % VALUE
TOTAL CATCH
% POUfdDS % VALUE
1963
1964
1965
1966
3.0%
2.2%
6.1w
5.3%
9.0%
6.6%
12.7%
11.6%
15.3%
30.7%
20.4%
5.5%
15.3%
30.7%
20.4%
5.50,
11.7%
22.7%
15.0%
4.8%
8.7%
12.0%
10.6%
7.5%
1967
1968
1969
3.5%
2.5%
2.4%
8.6%
6.3%
5.3%
17.0%
21.2%
24.3%
16.8%
20.1%
18.9%
12.6%
16.0%
17.2%
8.5%
8.1%
8.2%
1970
1971
1972
1973
2.4%
5.0%
5.0%
5.2%
7.2%
9.5%
9.5%
12.20/0'
33.3%
54.0%
54.8%
55.0%
33.6% 22.9%
54.3% 33.5%
55.3% 35.8%
55.00% 31.1%
10.970%/.1
12.4%
13.6%
16.1%
i
nry nn rrr AI" -rATC TATA1
NU I t -- MUNZIW 1 LN LUUIi 1 ► ruuu r ian Lo i wn c.io v� LLJJ v. .... - • • •-
SOURCE: U. S. BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES

Shrimp, Oysters, clams and crabs are each taken in commercial quantities
in Brunswick County waters with Shrimp being the leader in total pounds and
ears has •
value with oysters ranking second. Oysters production in the past few y
been only about half of the early 1960's production as much of the County's Shell-
fish area has been closed because of pollution. Clam production has also been
affected by the closing of the shellfish area.
.Sea Bass is the leading type of food fish in volume and in value. The
first reported Sea Bass catch was in 1962 and they became the leading catch in
1964 and have been since. Mullet, the leader until 1964 is now in second place
and Spots third. Whiting were once caught in large quantities but catches have
been progressively lower since 1963.
until 1964, Menhaden was the only Industrial fish reported caught. The
Up
in 1965 and they provided 3$ of the Indus -
first reported Thread Herring catch was
trial fish catch that year. By 1972, Thread Herring provided 25% of the Indus-
trial fish catch. The Menhaden catch has been declining overall for the past
• eneral conclu-
few years. Studies have been made of the Menhaden fishery and the g
The affect of the
sion is that the problem is over fishing of the resource.
declining catch has been felt in Brunswick County. North Carolina Statistics
listed three Menhaden processors in the County.ln 1963 and one remains in 1975.
The
Otherwise, Dealers in Seafood Products have increased since 1963.
number of wholesale dealers, packers and shippers of fish were none in 1963, 19
in 1974; of shellfish, 18 in 1963, 51 in 1974, and of both fish and shellfish
from 11 in 1963 to 35 in 1974. Many of these are not dealers as one would norm y
think bu
t have licenses only to legally sell seafood products they catch to supple-
ment their primary source of income.
mmercial fishermen.Of the 1,429
The same situation exists in licensed co
of
licensed commercial fishermen in Brunswick County, probably les's than 50% earn
their primary livelihood from the sea. 0

II 19
• In 1972, the Employment Security Commission listed only 92 people as
being employed in the Fishery and Forestry Industry in Brunswick County. In 1971,
N.C. Fisheries Data listed 434 in fishing along. Undoubtedly, these numbers were
so low because small operators and family operations were not counted. A survey
was made of local people engaged in the seafood industry and their estimates of
County residents engaged in fishing and shellfishing ranged from 1,400 to 2,500.
If the assumption is made that there were 430 employed in actual fishing in
•
1973 and these accounted for the $2,566,849 in reported value, and that another
nine -hundred seventy (970) fished part-time (bringing the total to 1400, the low
estimate) and that these averaged $1000 each in catch; then the total value for
1973 would have been $3,536,849.
Local estimates placed full and part time employment on the major shrimp
trawlers, in shrimp and oyster houses, oyster gathers and clam diggers at 795 to
920. These estimates omit small shrimpers, boat and net fishermen, full and part-
time, and other processors.
In the past few years, a number of Shrimp trawlers have been moved from
Brunswick County to other states because of shoaling of ocean access and docking
areas. Shelifishing areas have been closed because of pollution and Menhaden seem
to be facing the same:fate as the California Sardines and Pilchards. while each
of these is a,serious problem confronting the County's seafood industry, they
could be solved with adequate funding.
Expansion of the food fish Industry will probably depend on greater explo-
itation of off shore species. Based on reported catches, Sea Bass is the only
off shore species caught commercially. Greater oyster and clam production through
better management seems to be the only means of expanding the Shellfish Industry.
Tourism
Tourism is reported by the calculated County share of expenditures by,.
visitors to Brunswick County for lodging,,food, auto, recreation and other

II-20
miscellaneous items. while not producing a product per se', tourism does bring
money into the County to support retail trade, services and recreation facilities.
Tourism generated an estimated $18,045,979 in sales in Brunswick County in •
1974. The estimates are based on local survey and staff analysis instead of
utilizing information from existing studies because no other area corresponds with
Brunswick County's resort areas. The two primary differences are:
1. Motels and Campgrounds comprise only 7% of the available accomodations.
(Compared to at least 33% in the South Carolina "Grand Strand" area)
The major accomodations, Rental Housing, is available just during the
summer. Rental Housing generally costs less per person, per day than
motels. 67% of the accomodations are non -agency rented seasonal homes
and while these owners certainly spend money for and on these houses,
no "rental fee" can be determined. Conclusion: lodging costs are much
lower in Brunswick County than other nearby beach areas.
2. Lack of Commercial Attractions. There are no amusement parks, night
clubs or other commercial attractions, except for some small arcades
with coin operated games. Conclusion: Brunswick County has far fewer
"spending opportunities: than other nearby beach areas.
of the estimated $19 million dollar tourism expenditures, $14 million is for
basic services and goods, lodging, food, automobile and miscellaneous. Lodging
includes all rentals, houses, motels, apartments and campgrounds. •Since most of
the available accomodations are seasonal houses owned by'non-residents, most of
the rent received goes directly out of the County. we have estimated that only
20% of the total rents remain in the County as rental commissions and local
owner's rents.
Food includes restaurant expenditures and groceries. Again, the County does
not receive the full benefit of these expenditures because visitors usually bring

I I-21
much of their food with them. Auto expenses are fuel arid reparis while in the
County only. Miscellaneous includes gifts, novelties and minor recreation
expenditures such as coin -operated games. Major recreation expenditures are
listed separately herein. (See Chart E-19)
BASIC EXPENDITURES
ICE OR GOODS
dging
scellaneous
TALS
TOTAL
$ 3,021,917
8,849,907
1,439,403
1,546,881
14,858,108
i
CHART E-19
COUNTY SHARE
$ 604,383
5,309,944
1,409,403
1,546,881
8,870,611
The following estimates were used for the basic per person, per day
expenditures:
Second Homes -- Food
Auto
Miscellaneous
Rental Houses -- Lodging
Food
Auto
Miscellaneous
Motels Lodging
Food
Auto
Miscellaneous
Campgrounds --Lodging
Food
Auto
Miscellaneous
Assembly Grounds
Miscellaneous
•
_i
$3.00
.50
50 Total, $4 00 Per Person, Per Day
5.50
3.00
.50
50 Total, $9 50 Per Person, Per Day
5.00
4.50
.50
50 Total, $10 50 Per Person, Per Da
1.00
4.00
.50
50 Total, $6 00 Per Person, Per Dav
1.00 Total, $1 00 Per Person, Per Day_

II-22
The major recreation expenditures of visitors to the county is for salt •
water sports fishing. The last known survey of salt water sports fishing was done
by the State in the 1960's. To derive an estimate of the extent of this industry
in the County, determinations made in the State study were applied to a staff
survey of pier, charter boat, head boat and marina use. Surf fishing estimates
were made based on the State study as a ratio to pier use.
In a State Survey in 1968, Brunswick County ranked second in popularity
among North Carolina fishermen. This popularity provided the County business in
excess of four million dollars in 1974.
To determine the economic impact, the following.daily expenditures were
used:
Charter Boats and Head Boats - Charter Fees Only
Private Boats, Small $6.00 per day for fuel, food, bait and tackle
Private Boats, Large 10.00 per day for fuel, food, bait and tackle
Ocean Piers 7.07 per day for fees, food, bait and tackle
(Per Survey Of Pier Operations)
Estuarine Piers 2.00 per day for fees, bait, tackle
Surf 2.00 per day for bait, tackle
These average daily expenditures are considerally lower than the averages
in the 1968 State survey and are based on estimates by local businessmen.
For the Boat Fisherman 95% of the fisherman days and 82% of the expenditures
were related to privately owned boats. Based on discussions with charter boat
owners, that part of the Sports Fishing Industry has had no growth over the past
few years while private boating has boomed.
Pier and surf fishing has increased over the years as total visitation to
the County increased and these two forms of fishing are by far the most popular.
(See Chart E-20) 0

I I-23
Boats:
Charter
Private
Head
Piers:
Ocean
Estuarine
QT�Fs.s_iltl!_G_yflLUE.___19�..CIIART._ E_
Person Days* Ex enditures
166,040 1 $ 1,235,070
390,000 1 2,666,040
Surf: 1 443,544 I 887,232
TOTALS 999,584 4,780,342
,PERSOIJ DAYS - ONE PERSOIJ FISHING ONE DAY
SOURCE: W. C. DEPARTMENT OF 14ATURAL AND ECONOMIC
RESOURCES AND STAFF SURVEY
In 1974, County Golf Course Professionals estimated that approximately 18,400
non-residents used the County's courses. These golfers expended an estimated
$181,750 for green's fees, cart rentals and supplies.
Another estimated 75,000 was spent by visitors for admissions to Historic
Sites and other attractions charging entrance fees.
In addition to those who visited Brunswick County it is also estimated
that persons traveling through the County spent an additional $5,050,000. One
million of this was for auto expenses and'the other four million dollars for food.
It is estimated tha.95% of the food expenditures were in Calabash. The remaining
$50,000 is the estimated expenditures of pass through traffice in motels.
The visitors to Brunswick County spent and estimated $13,907,703 in the County
and the pass -through travelers'spent $5,050,000 for a combined total of $18,957,703.
(See Chart E-21)
•

f' .
II-24
P-1-A
TOURISM EXPENDITURES-1974 CHART E-21
EXPENDITURE TYPE EXPENDITURE TOTAL
VISITORS
Basic:
Lodging
Food
$ 604,383
5,309,944
Auto
Miscellaneous
1,409,403
1,546,881
MAJOR RECREATION:
Sports Fishing
Golf
4,780,342
181,750
Admissions
75,000
TOTAL --VISITORS
$13,907,703
PASS THROUGH
Food
4,000,000
Auto
Motels
1,000,000
50,000
TOTAL --PASS THROUGH
$ 5,050,000
TOTAL ALL
$18,957,703
In 1974, the 625,035 visitors to Brunswick County stayed 2,986,284 days
and spent $13,907,703 for the average of $4.66 per person, per day.
In comparison, a 1972 study done in South Carolina showed visitors to the
Myrtle Beach area spent $10.13 per day, the Charleston area, $11.84 per day and
in the lower South Carolina Coast area, $17.31 a day. The basic reason for the
higher expenditures in South Carolina are:
1. A greater percent of the visitors stayed in motels and therefore,
ate in restaurants creating higher lodging and food costs.
2. An exceptionally wide variety of commercial recreation is available
offering more spending opportunities.
•

II-25
A study done by Research Triangle Institute for the State of North Carolina
placed the average daily expenditure per traveling person at $14.14 per day in
the summer of 1973 in North Carolina. Again, higher lodging and food costs
plus utilization of Commercial Recreation Facilities created this higher
average.
The State of North Carolina has published estimates of the economic
impact of the travel industry for many years.
County from 1968 to 1974 are:
YEAR
The estimates for Brunswick
AMOUNT
1968 $2,196,000
1969 2,406,000
1970 2,930,000
1971 3,090,000
1972 3,660,000
1973 5,729,000
1974 7,448,493
SOURCE: N. C..TRAVEL SURVEY FOR THE LISTED YEAR
By this standard, the 1974 estimate of $19 million seems to be far
too high. However, it is stated in the 1973 North Carolina Travel Survey
under Methods, "The basic assumption in the methodology for allocating total
travel spending among North Carolina's one hundred (100) counties is that
expenditures are a function of gross retail sales from room rentals as
reported by hotels, motels and other rental property within each county.
As previously stated, motels comprise only 4.5% the total accomodations,
rental houses 21.8% and campgrounds 3.7%, therefore, only 30% of the total
accomodations are in the rental class. Furthermore, almost all of the rental
0

II-26
houses are seasonal homes owned by non-residents and most of these report their
rentals and sales tax in their home counties. Considering these factors, it
it quite logical to assume that the value of Tourism has been under estimated
for Brunswick County through the years.
By using the 1974 average monthly reported retail sales for the "low
tourist" months and comparing this with the average monthly retail sales in
the "tourist" months, sales were $11,333,462 higher during the "tourist" months.
Low Tourist Months - January
February, March, November And
December
Tourist Months, April, May
June, July, August, September
And October
Average Monthly
Retail Sales
$5,142,301
6,761,367
Average Monthly
Difference
+$1,619,066
•
Tourist Months Multiplied By $1,619,066 Average Monthly Difference Totals $11,333,46.
This comparison would further indicate that the method in the -North
Carolina Travel Survey is not valid for Brunswick County.
Perhaps the word "Tourism" is not an accurate term to use for visitation
to Brunswick County since 69.5% of the visitation is by seasonal home owners
and their guests. "Tourism" generally refers to that portion of the visitation
related to rental accomodations.
The Brunswick County Beaches are often referred to as "Family Beaches"
and this is an inaccurate use of the term. In Tourism terminology, a "Family
Beach" or "Family Resort" provides a full range of recreation opportunities for

I I-v
• all members of the family. For example, Myrtle Beach is a "Family Beach".
The Brunswick County Beaches are better defined as "Second Home Developments."
Yet, these seasonal homes owners have constructed houses and bought
mobile homes that have contributed to the local economy. They also contribute
to the home maintenance business. There are approximately 3050 houses
between the ocean and the Intra Coastal Waterway and annual repairs are
estimated by local home maintenance companies to average $400 for ocean front
houses and $200 for the others providing an annual expenditure of $720,000 in
repairs.
There are other areas that we found impossible to determine the extent
of or value of the activities. Some of these activities are pleasure boating
surfingi fresh water fishing, tennis, et cetera.
Typically, lodging would be 20% of the total'expenditures and food 28%
but in Brunswick County, lack of rental accomodations reduces the lodging per-
centage and in effect, increases the food percentage as related to total
expenditures. (See Chart E-22)
TOURISM EXPENDITURES BY TYPE
CHART E-22
TYPE
AMOUNT
PERCENT
Lodging
Food
$ 654,383
9,309,944
3.5
49.1
Auto
2,409,403
12.7
Miscellaneous
1,546,881
8.1
Recreation
5,037.092
26.6
TOTALS
$18,957,703
100.00
The expenditures for Tourism (and other trade and services) mean more
• to the County through the "Multiplier Affect". For example, when a.tourist

II-28
buys a meal, the restaurant owner keeps a portion for his profit, but he also
uses the balance of cost to buy supplies and pay his employees. The employee •
uses a portion of what he receives to buy groceries. The grocery'store uses
a part of what is received to pay employees, buy replacement stock, et cetera.
In effect, the price of that original meal is spent many times in many ways
before it finally leaves the County or is placed into savings.
Research Triangle Institute in their report, "An Input -Output Model of
North Carolina, Final Report FR-OU-490, January 1971", established a Multi-
plier Index for various types of travel expenditures. These multipliers are
for the State as a whole and may not apply to Brunswick County but are used
here to provide an example of how the multiplier principle works.
e
Expenditure
Multiplier Index
Total Value
rLodging
$ 645,383
1.24
$. 600,275
10,240,938
Food
9,309,944
1.10
1.14
, 719
Auto
2,409,403
1,546,881
1.24
1,32
,918,132
Miscellaneous
5,037,092
1.24
6,245,944
Recreation
$18,957,703
----
521,952 058
otals
In using the Multiplier Principle, the $18,957,703 in Tourism expen-
ditures is increased to $21,952,058 in total value to the county.
In North Carolina Travel Survey, 1972, it is stated that, "Sales of
$17,700 creates a job in the travel business." Based on that, the travel
industry directly supported 1,071 employees in Brunswick County in 1974. The
Employment Security Commission estimated an average total monthly employment
for the first six months of 1974 of 9,852' persons, including an average of
2,628 persons employed in construction. Based on these totals, 11% of the
jobs in Brunswick County are directly the result of the Travel Industry.
•

I I -29
• There is one major factor apparent that can adversely affect the future
of Tourism in Brunswick County -- gasoline. In 1973, the gasoline problems
reduced visitation and would probably do so in the future should shortages or
higher prices become a reality. Yet, the affect would be minimized because
most of the seasonal homes are owned by North Carolina residents and most of
the visitors are North Carolina residents. Visitation by residents from other
states would decline more, but as a percentage of the total visitation, out-of-
state visitors are much less than in typical resort areas.
Transportation
There are two major transportation sites in Brunswick County, International
Paper's Barge Loading Facility and the Sunny Point Military Terminal. Although
transportation facilities are not normally classified as a base industry the
nature of these two facilities are such that they qualify as a base employer.
The 335 employees listed are full time and include the military personnel
at Sunny Point, but not the Longshoremen as they vary from day to day. Long-
shoremen are included under "Communications, Transportation, utilities" in the
Secondary Economic Activities.
SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
The Secondary Economic Activities as previously stated, are the providers
of goods and services created mainly by the demand of the Primary Activities.
One basic measure of the growth is the Reported Retail Sales which applies
primarily to, two of the Secondary Activities, Trade and Services.
•
•
_J

II-30
The greatest growth has occured since 1970 and the annual increase each •
year from 1971 through 1974 was greater than the increase for the four year
peirod from 1960 to 1964. The annual increase from 1972 was nearly as large
as the five year period from 1964 through 1969. (See Chart E-23)
TOTAL REPORTED RETAIL SALES
SELECTED YEARS 1960 - 1974 CHART E-23
YEAR
REPORTED
INCR A E FROM
AVERAGE ANNUAL
SALES
PREVIOUS YEAR
PERCENT I14CREASE
1960
$ 9,853,519
$
1964
16,372,695
6,519,176
16.54%
1969
29,449,256
13,076,561
15.97%
1970
32,408,259
2,959,003
10.05%
1971
38,182,538
5,774,279
17.82%
1972
45,519,005
7,336,467
19.21%
1973
57,246,000
11,726,995
25.76%
1974
68,939,000
11,693 000
20.43%
SOURCE:
N. C.-DEPARTMENT
OF REVENUE
Even with this tremendous growth, Brunswick County still is well behind
most neighboring counties. The $69 million in retail sales in 1974 for the
County averages $2,313.30 per resident. By comparison, 1974 retail sales and
per capita averages were:
CHART E-24
COUNTY 1974 TOTAL RE I SALES 1 AVERAGE SALES PER CAPITA 2
BRUNSWICK $ 68,939,000 $ 2,313.39
NEW HANOVER 426,517,000 4,631.02
COLUMBUS 127,267,000 2,634.93
PENDER 33,854-,000 1,800.74
SOURCES: 1 N. C. Department of Revenue
(2) Based On Bureau of the Census Population Estimates for 1973.
used for.Consistancy of Comparisons
0

I I-31
• capita slaes for New Hanover County proves that it is -the retail
The per
center of the area. Columbus County ranked second even though it is not a
resort county which indicates that it is the secondary trade center of the
'area. It is almost a certainty that New Hanover and Columbus Counties benefit
from Brunswick County residents. it is also probable that Horry County,
South Carolina also benefits.
Based on information provided by "Editor and Publisher Market Guide",
there was a net increase of only 25 retail establishments from 1964 to 1972.
There were major changes in some of the individual categories. In the reporting
period, General Merchandise establishments declined 27 units while Food
establishments increased 13 units, Gas establishments, 10 units and.Eating and
Drinking establishments were up to 18 units.
Of the retail classifications, Lumber/Hardware, General Merchandise,
Food, Apparel, Furniture and Drugs are related to Trade, Eat/Drink is Service
and Auto and Gas can be either Trade or Service or both. (See Chart E-25)
NUMBER
OF STORES AND
TYPE
CHART E-25
Eat
Lipm-ber—General
Food
Auto
Gas '
A argil'
Furniture
Drink
Drugs
Total r
;ount Year
Hardware
Mdse.
31.
2
204
1964
7
43
59
10
10
46
46
3
3
3
3
31
2
204
1965
7
43
59
9
45
7
2
35
5
208
1966
10
17
17
78
78
9
45
7
2
35
35
5
5
208
208
1967
Brunswick 1969
10
10
17
78
9
9
45
45
7
7
2
2
35
5
208
196
10
17
17
78
78
9
45
7
2
35
49
5
5
208
223
1970
:971
10
6
17
72
10
5
6
6
8
a
49.
5
229
1972
6
17
72
10
56
SOURCE: EDITOR AND PUBLISHER MARKET GUIDE: NowEYork, New Yorki1964 1969, J;72nEditionsc 850 hird Avenue,
•

II 32
Construction is classified as a Secondary Economic Activity because it •
is variable in nature responding to demand for buildings, highways, utilities
or other.
Under the classification of Communications, Transportation and Utilities
are the electric, telephone, railroad, pipeline and trucking companies.
Longshoremen are also included in this grouping.
The Finance, Insurance and Real Estate includes Banks; Building and
Lona Associations, Insurance Agencies and Real Estate Agencies. This grouping
basically realted to the financila area of the economy. (See Chart 26)
SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY - 1974 CHART E-26
Activity
Employment (1)
Economic (2)
Percent of
Percent
Contribution
Secondar
of Total
Construction
3,880
$ 55,779 360
84.8
38.6
Communications,
Transportation,
310
2,295,476
3.5
1.6
Utilities
Trade
1,150
41437,784
6.7
:3.1
Finance,
Insurance,
250
1,757,236
2.7
1.2
Real Estate
Service
260
1,533,168
2.3
1.1
otals
5,450
$65 803 024
100.0
45.6
--, mcnn 9 Q7d rVDAMnRn
Tn
(1) ' EMYLUYMZN'1" bzki UMI1.1 L VL'll'LiJJ1VLY iW4--- a , X--------- —
FULL YEAR CONSTRUCTION TOTALS ADJUSTED BASE ON INFORMATION PROVIDED BY
THE MAJOR CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES
(2) EMPLOYMENT SECURITY'COMMISSION PAYROLLS FOR SECOND QUARTER, 1974, EXPANDED
TO FULL YEAR

I I-33
•. Major construction projects have brought a sizeable number of_persons
into Brunswick County the past few years, many of them moving here for the
duration of the project. The companies estimated that 50% to 60% of their work
force lived in Brunswick County with the remainder commuting. Even if only
50% of the construction payroll is applied to employees living in Brunswick
County, the economic impact is considerable. (See Chart E-27) The major
projects have been the Dupont, Carolina Power and Light and Pfizer Plants and
Highway Construction.
AVERAGE ANNUAL
CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYMENT
1965-1975 CHART E-27
YEAR
EMPLOYEES
Annual Payroll
1965
1000
Major.
Projects
Only
No't
Available
1966
2000
(Major
-Projects
Only)
Not
Available
1967
2000
Major
Projects
Only)
Not
Available
1968
1000
(Major
Projects
Projects
Only
Only)
Not
Not
Available
Available
1969
500
(Major
1970 2295 $12,720,276
1971 2960 22,830,288
1972 3710 32,909,424
1973 3400 .35,150,004
1974 3800 55,779,360
1975 3730 Projected to Full Year 435680 000
SOURCE: EMPLOYMENT SECURITY CO[1MI55IO1j AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANI
Construction is on the decline in the County as the Pfizer and CP&L Plants
are nearing completion. Highway -Construction, primary the US74-76 project will
remain stable for another two years. other than the possibility of a cooling
tower construction project at the CP&L Plant employing 100 to 140 workers, no
other future major projects are definitely known at this time.

II-34
The category of Communications, Transportation and Utilities include the •
electric, telephone and trucking companies, plus Longshoremen. In the second
quarter of 1974 310 persons were employed in these occupations at an annual pay-
roll rate of $3 million dollars. Two transportation terminals, Sunny Point
and the International Paper Company Barge Loading Facility were included in the
Primary Economic Activities instead of this section.
Trade includes all persons engaged in the sales of merchandise and is
the fourth largest occupation of County residents. An undetermined number of
these -jobs are directly related to Tourist Industry.
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate imlade those employed in Real Estate,
Insurance, Banks and Building and Loan Associations. Some of these jobs are
also related directly to the Tourist Industry.
Activities of the Financial Institutions, Banks and Savings and Loan
Associations have increased significantly since 1966. The number of facilities
have also increased significantly. In 1966, there was 1 Bank with 2 Banking
offices and 1 Savings and Loan Association with 3 offices. In 1974, there.were
3 Banks with 10 offices and 1 Savings and Loan Association with 3 offices. A
second Savings and Loan Association with 1 office opened in early 1975.
In the individual categories, Bank Demand Deposits increased 3 times
between 1966 and 1974 with 67% of the increase coming after 1970; and Savings
Deposits in Banks and Building and Loan Associations increased 3 times between
1966 and 1974 with 80% of the increase coming since 1970.
Even though the 1973-74 period was a period of recession, Savings
Deposits and Total Bank Deposits had a greater increase than in any of the other
periods shown. Only Bank Demand Deposits had a smaller increase and that increase
was second only to the 1970-1972 period. (See Chart E-28 and E-29)
0

I I-35
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIpNS
1966 - 1974
CHART E-28
BANKS
NUMBER OF
UMBER OF
OTAL NUMBER OF
BANK DEMAi4D
TOTAL BAI4K
YEAR
BA14KS
BA14KI14G
OFFICES _[_BANK ACCOUNTS
DEPOSITS
DEPOSITS
1966
1
2
7,556
$ 3,341,000
6,269,000
1968
1
5
10,438
4,861,000
10,006,000
1970
1
6
11,959
5,753,000
15,084,000
1972
3-
10
15,197
8,844,000
22,850,000
1974
1 3
10
n/a
10,641,000
34 955 000
ZoUUKLL: rtutKAL utruai i im;�unru-- W••
YEAR TOTAL SAVINGS DEPOSITS IN BANKS AND SAVI
AND LOANS
1966 $ 6,436,000
1968 7,685,000 CHART E-29
1970 9,081,000
1972 13,377,000
1974 19,488,000
E:
Service is another element that is partially dependent upon the Tourist
Industry and includes those employees who perform services such as food service
and auto service. The employment total of 260 representatives the average
for.the second quarter of 1974. In prior years, the third quarter totals ranged
from 10 to 40 employees higher than the second quarter. For comparison, 20
additional employees in the third quarter would increase the annual payroll by
nearly $30,000.
•

I I-36
III. TRENDS •
As Brunswick County has shifted from an Agricultural/Commercial Fishing
to a more industrial economic base, the economic well being of the County's
residents has improved. There are many indicators of this other than the
census reports.
The Median Income for all families in 1950 was $1459. In 1960, the
income was up to $2,678, a 84% increase. In the late 19601s, the County's first
large industry began operations and in all probability was a major influence
in the 139% Median Income rise to $6,409 in 1970. Industrial development in
New Hanover County probably contributed to the increase also.
The Non -White Median Income has risen at a much higher percentage
rate than White in each of the census decades although in dollars, the Non -Whites
still trailed the Whites by almost $2,400 in 1970. The dollar gap has actually
increased as in 1950, it was $1100. It is probable that the growing number
of retired persons in Brunswick County has held the White Median Income growth
rate down somewhat. While the total population grew, 26% from 1950 to 1970,
the 65 and Over Age Group increased 79%. Based on the 1969 to 1973 increase
in Social Security Recipients, this trend is continuing. (See Chart E-30 and E-31)
r` ..rnr Au Tf.1/`A\AC CHART E-30
ercentercent
1950
Increased
1970
Increase
1l Fami ies
1,459
E2,678
83.5 %
69.59%
6,409
$ 6,951
139.32%
112.70%
hite Families*
Jon-6Jhite Families
$ 1,927
$ 8
96.50%
$ 4,563
180.41%
... OTT,AATCfI r,rnT crr
Di TFFT RY
THE RUREAU
OF UNSUS
SOURCE: U. S. rSU
is

II-37
SOCIAL SECURITY AND OLD AGE ASSISTANCE RECIPIENTS 1969-1973 CHART E-31
YEAR
SOCIAL
OLD AGE
TOTAL
% INCREASE
SECURITY a
ASSISTANCE b
1969
1970
1,539
1,739
200
200
1,739
1,939
11.50%
1971
1,833
200
2,033
4.85%
1972
1,964
200
2,164
4.32%
1973
2,100
1 200
1 2,300
1 6.28%
SuuntS: ta) �i0cIdl aM.0 icy
(b) Brunswick County Social Services Department (estimated)
In 1950, 95% of the County's families had incomes of less than $5000 and
.25% $10,000 and over. In 1970, 35% were in under $5,000 group and 26% had
incomes of $10,000 or more. The $5,000 to $9,999 group also rose dramatically
from 2% to 37%. in 1950, 95% were in the under 5,000 group and in 1970,
the percentages were more evenly divided among the three income ranges.
(See Chart E-32)
PERCENT OF ALL FAMILIES BY INCOME RANGE CHART E-32
INCOME LEVEL
1950
1960
1970
0 to $4,999
94.60%
78.90%
37.8E%
$ 5,000 to $9,999
2.40%
18.50%
36.58%
$10,000 and over
.25%
2.60%
25.4%
NOT REPORTED
2.75%
-
-
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
The balance among the groups was more pronounced for the White population
than for the Non -Whites as 54% of the Non -Whites were still in Under $5,000
group in 1970. For both Whites and Non -Whites, the greatest income gains occurred
after 1960. (See Charts E-33 and E-34)
•

II 38
PERCENT OF WHITE FAMILIES BY INCOME RANGE CHART E-33
IIJCOME LEVEL
1950
1960 _
1970
0 to 4,999
927. 70%
72.46%
32.93%
$ 5,000 to $9,999
3.26%
24.27%
38.96%
$10,000 and over
.39%
3.27%
28.11%
Not Reported
3.65%
-
-
SOURCE: U. b. ctN bUb
PERCENT OF NON -WHITE FAMILIES BY INCOME RANGE CHART E-34
INCOME LEVEL
1950
1960
1970
0 to $4,999
98.18%
94.97%
53.62%
$ 5,000 to $9,999
.73%
4.12%
29.05%
$10,000 and over
.00%
.91%
17.33%
Not Reported-
1.09%
-
-
bUUKUt: U. J. UCIYJUJ
The Industrial development has also influenced the population growth since
1960. Because new industry has located either in the West or along the Cape
Fear River, it is possible to divide the County into the three western townships
and the three eastern townships for comparison. Since 1950, the western Town-
ships have had an increase of only 250 new jobs and while the east has gained
3100 new jobs. In 1950, the west had over 51% of the county'-s population and
in 1970, the east.continued over 53% of the population. The east also had the
highest median incomes in 1970 a Census Tracts 201,202 and 203 which roughly
correspond to the three eastern townships had Median Incomes of $6,409, $7,120
and $6,970 while Census Tracts 204,205 and 206 in the west had Median Incomes
of $6,665, $5,196, and $6,278. By averaging tte median incomes, the eastern
Census Tracts averaged over $450 more than those in the west.
Another method of evaluating the growth of the County's economy is using
the Individual North Carolina Income Tax Returns. These are divided into two
classifications:
•
1. Taxable Returns - The returns on which tax was paid
2. Non -Taxable Returns - The returns on which the amount of the deductions
reduced the taxable income to a level low enough so that no income •
tax was due.

NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL NORTH CAROLINA TAX RETURNS
FILED BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY RESIDENTS,-1958-1973
1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 197D 1971 1972 1973
13,500
12,000
10,500
9,000
7,500
6,000
4,500
3,000
1,500
v
TOTAL RETURNS TAXABLE RETURNS- NON-TAXABLE RETURNS
SOURCE: N. C. DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE
%i4
to

ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME OF: TAXABIE AND NON-TAXABLE RETURNS
I I-40
AND TOTAL ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME, N. C. INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX RETURNS
OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY RESIDENTS SELECTED YEARS, 1958-1973 - •
14ILLIONS
TAXABLE NON-TAXABLE •
TOTAL GROSS INCOUL.0.-C-
GROSS INCOMF, GROSS INCOME
SOURCE: N . C . DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE

I I-41
• For taxable returns, the number of returns increased at an annual
average rate of over 36% from 1958 to 1973 while the adjusted gross income
(total income less business connected deductions) increased at an average
annual rate of over 77% meaning that the gross income rose at over twice the
s. In 1958, the average gross income per tax
rate of the number of return
-
payer was $4,120 and in 1973, $9,010. The average,annaul increase has been
greater since 1971. From 1958, the average annual increase in gross income
was $169. The 1968 to 1971 annual increase rost to $275 from 1971 to 1973, an
impressive annual increase of $687 occurred.
The average annual increase in one
Non-taxable returns has been 9%,
fourth the rate of taxable returns. The gross income of taxable returns has
increased at an even lower 4%. Probably the most important statistic of non-
taxable returns is that the number of non-taxable returns filed increased less
than 200 from 1968 to 1973 while taxable returns filed grew by over 4800 which
certainly indicates higher income for county residents.
-taxable returns information is't}at many
Another indication of the non
of them are retired persons. In 1958, 994 Non-taxable returns were filed
f 2.77 persons per return. In,1973, each
claiming 1,760 dependents, a ratio o
return represented 1.67 persons. The 1958 ration seems to indicate many
parents and children groups while the 1970 ratio does not indicate this.
xable returns, the total number of returns
Combining taxable and non-ta
increased at an annual average rate of 26% from 1958 to 1973 and the total
adjusted gross income rate was 59%, more than twice the rate of returns.
The gains in total adjusted gross income can be used as an indicator
of growth in the median income level. The 1969 Income Tax information was not
• than income (based on 1969), however
available to compare with the 1970 Census Me
._ using information available, it would appear that the 1973 median income was
in the $9,500 to 10,000 range. (See Chart E-35)

II-42
Iiaxabie Keturns
Returns
Adj. Gross Income
Dependents
Non -Taxable Retur
Returns
Adj. Gross Income
,Dependents
Sumnary of Individual Tax Returns
Of Brunswick Residents
Selected Years 1958-1973 CHART E-35
Avg.
1958
1964
1968
1971
1972*
1973*
Increa
1484
2,963
$13,108,468
4,785
$27,808,041
6,965
$46,220,091
8,540
$62,918.866
9,612
$76.986.470
36.51%
77.30%
$6.112:153
1,848
3,286
4,650
6,669
8,146
8.906
25.46%
994 1 1,813 1 2,174 1 2,285 1 2,211 2,376 9.27%
$2,073.580 $ 2,676.343 $ 3,706,825 $ 3.761.315 $ 3,273,878 $ 3,385,728 4.22%
1►760 2,252 2,474 2,390 1,672 1,581 1 (-.68%)
otals
eturns 2.478 4,776 6,959 9,250 10,751 11,988 25.59%
di. Gross Income $8,185,733 $13.376,111 $31,514,866 $49,981,406 $66,192,744 $80,372,198 58.79%
eflendents 3 608 5,533 7 124 9,059 9,818 10,487 12.71%
Estimated
SOURCE: N. C. DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE
Another indicator that the economic well-being of Brunswick County
citizens hasimproved over the last few years is the number of motot vehicles
registered, especially automobiles.
While the population increased 19.46% from 1960 to 1970, the number
of automobiles registered increased 97.94%. The 1960 ratio was one automobile
for every 4.49 persons. By 1970, the ratio was one automobile for every 2.71
persons and in 1974, 2.5.
Since 1970, the number of automobiles registered has increased at an
annual rate or 14.35% compared with the 1960--1970 annual rate of 9.79%
The number of automobiles owned by businesses, mostly the utility
companies is estimated to be ralatively small, making the number in private
ownership, the vast majority. (See Chart E 3 6)
Another indicator of economic growth is Intangible Property, which is
a measure of retained wealth other than Real and Personnal Property. The
Intangible Property is Money on Deposit, Money on Hand, Accounts Receivable,
Bonds and Other Notes of Debt and Shares of Corporate Stock.
•
is

I I-43
~ `ESTIMATES OF MOTOR VEHICLE
1960
1962
- 1962 Incr. 1964
REGISTRATION
1962
1964
Incr.
CHART E'1964
1966
1966 Inc.
T
•--
1960
Automobiles 4,515
Trucks 1,664
Totals 6,179
-
-
-
14,943
1,767
6,710
9.48%
6.19%
8.59%
5540
11:970
7,510
12.08%
11.49°�
11.921
6,488
2,221
8,709
17.11%
12.74%
15.97%
T9�` 8 1970 1 1972
1964 1970 1972
1968 Incr. 1970 Incr. 1972 Incr. 1974 Incr.
Automobiles 7,675 18.30%L
16.44% 11,555 29.29° 14,058 21.66%
Trucks 2 662 19.86%7.46% 3,769 31.74 4,775 26.69%
Totals 10,337 18.69%14.13% 15,324 29.89° 18,833 22.90%
SOURCE: N. C. DEPARTMEN ORTATION
The total value of Intangible Property increased at an average annual
rate of 57% from 1960 to 1974. In dollars, the average annual increase
from 1960 to 1970 was $1.1 million and from 1970 to 1974, the average annual
increase leaped to $6.4 million. Overall, 69% of the increase came after
1970. Taking each category individually, of the 1960 to 1974 growth, the
percentage between 1970 and 1974 was; Money on deposit - 65%, Money on hand-
92$, Bonds and notes-70% and Stocks-53%. The increase in stocks would have
been greater had the stock market not been depressed in 1974. (See Chart E-37)
Total Vaiue
Money Of Deposit
Money On Hand
Accounts Receivable
Bonds And Notes
•Shares Of Stock
SOURCE : H . C. DEPP
kSSESSED VALUE OF INTANGIBLE PROPERTY
1960
1966
1970
bbu
�220
1,707,
3,456,30Q
7,967,390
22,184
290,880
52,400
535,032
30,688
758,744
11910,792
2,684,408
4,236,464
694,484
1,941,252
3,032,500
CHAR--- RT E-37
—
AVG. AN.
1974 PCT. GAIN
19,593,000 74.83%
129,600 34.59%
6,503,600 152.56%
9:704,400 29.13%
5 ,666:400 51.14%

II-44
The median income in the Census reports showed the greatest increase
between .1960 and 1970. These other indicators of the economy of Brunswick
County suggest that even greater growth has occurred since 1970. Until the
1980 Census, there will be no way to determine if this propserity has reached
a majority of the County residents and all areas of the County.
The future growth rate of the economy will depend primarily on industry.
The other Primary Economic Activities have built in limitations such as tree
growth rates in forestry, suitable lands for Agriculture, lack of accomodations
and attractions for tourism and availability of the natural resource for
Commercial fishing. The growth of the Secondary Economic Activities depend
directly upon the growth of the Primary Activities.
IV. LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS
Information about the Labor Force of Brunswick County is not available
in the detail that is provided for.more industralized counties. The most
important information lacking is of the numbers of skilled and unskilled workers
and breakdown by race by employment.
The Census reports provide occupational information in the greatest detail.
In all, 29 categories of employment were listed in the 1960 and 1970 Census
and the manufacturing category had 11 sub -categories. Comparison of the 1960
and 1970 workers in these categories reveals some of the changes in the economy
of the County. Of the total 39 employment categories, employment declined in
only 7 between 1960 and 1970. Of the 991 employment decline inthese 690 were
in the category of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This one category
had an employment decline of 58% between 1960 and 1970 and was by far the
•
greatest loser. The second largest decline in employment was in Lumber .and
Wood Products at 94 followed closely by Private Household workers with a decline .
of 90.

I I-45
• Leading the employment gains was Manufacturing with an increase of 883
! persons. Of these, 375 were in the Textile related industry and 242 were in
the Chemical Industry. Second to Manufacturing was the group of categories that
had increases of more than 300 employees were combined Transportation (345) and
Combined Educational (342) employment.
Employed Brunswick County Residents increased 4412$, from 5417 to 7828,
in the 1960-1970 decade. The category of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
was the largest employer in 1960 with 1195 workers and Manufacturing placed
second with 1148. Retail Sales was in third place with 719 employees. The
ranking was quite different in 1970 as Manufacturing was first with 2,031
employees, Retail Sales, second, with 1187 employess and Construction was
third with 1147 employes. Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries had fallen to
fifth in 1970 employing 505 persons. This is a good indicator of the directions
the economy of Brunswick County is taking. (See Chart E-28)
Occupations can be classified as to their sensitivity to changes in
the National Business Cycle. Some occupations, such as Machinery Manufacturing
typically go up when the National economy prospers and goes down when the
National economy goes into a period of recession. Others, such as teaching,
are virtually unaffected by changes in the National economy. Still other occu-
pations lie in between. In all, there are five classifications; Highly Sensitive
to change in the National business cycle, Very Sensitive, Sensitive, Very
Insensitive and Highly Insensitive. In 1970, the distribution of employed
Brunswick County residents by these classifications were: Highly Sensitive;
4.5%, Very Sensitive-24.6%, Sensitive - 32.3%, Very Insensitive - 21.7%
and Highly Insensitive - 16.9%. Slightly over 29% had occupations of greater
than average sensitivity. This high rate of sensitivity was reflected in the
• County's 13% Unemployment Rate in early 1975. (See Chart E ?8)
For the first time the 1970 Census provided employment by Census Tracts.
The classifications of Operations (generally production workers) and Craftsmen

J
Agriculture. Forestry Fisheries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Furniture. Lumber. Wood Products
Metal Industries
Machinery except electrilSu lies
Electrical Machinery. Equipments PP
Transportation Equipment,
Other Durable Goods
Food and Kindred Products a Products
Textiles and Fabricated
T axtl
andAllie
Printing. d Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Other Non -Durable Goods
ENPLOYNENr OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY RES W ENTS 1960-1970
• 1960 1970
Number of Number X of
Sensitivity* Employed Total Employed Total
2 1195 22.06 505 6.45
Trucking and Warehousing
Other Transportation:
Communications
Utilities and Sanitary Services
Wholesale Trade
Food. Bakery and Dairy Stores
Eating and Drinking Places
General Merchandise Retailing
Motor Vehicle Retailing and Service Stations
Other Retail Trade '
Banking and Credit Agencies
Insurance Real Estate and other Finance
Business and Repair Services
rivate oueaho e
Other Personal Services
Entertainment and Recraatioa Services
Hospitals
Health Services except Hospitals
All Schools and College+ - Government
All Schools and College* - Private
uEner Eaucation and Kindred Services
Welfare, Religions and Non -Profit Organisations
Legal Engineering and other Professional Service
Public Administration
Totals
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
1. Highly Insensitive - Virtusly Not Affected
2. Very Insensitive - Somewhat Affected
3. Sensitive - Average Affect
4. Vary Sensitive - Very Affected
5. Highly Sensitive - Greatly Affected
SOURCE: N. C: DIVISION OF COMMUNITY PLANNING
1148
1 21.19
2,111
25.94
4
249
4.60
155
1.98
5
67
1.24
202
2.58
5
8
.15
62
.79
5
_
_
7
.09
5
27
.50
51
.65
5
8
.15
28
.36
2
116
2.14
56
.72
4
248
4.58
623
7.96
2
25
.46
18
.23
2
269
4.97
511
6.53
I'll
2.42
318
4.06
-3
3
lz
58
.ct
1.07
ao
91
-
1.16
3
181
3.34
467
5.97
1
g
.15
72
.92
1
96
1.77
89
1.14
3
as
1.62
197
2.52
2
151
2.79
178
2.27
3
172
3.18
285
3.64
3
_
-
126
1.61
3
-
245
3•.13
3
396
7.31
3S3
4
2
-
-
.T0
2
68
1.26
172
2.20
CHART E-38
1960 - 1970 Change
Number Percent
(690) (57.74)
512 80.63
883 76.9z
(94) (37.75)
135 201.49
54 675.00
7.
24 88.89
20 250.00
(60)_ (51.72)
375 151.21
(7) (28.00)
242 89.96
187 142.75
26 216.67
33 56.90
286 158.01
64 800.00
(7) (7.29)
109 123.86
27 17.88
113 6S.70
126 -
245 -
(43) (10.66)
55
104 152.94
3
141
4.45
15l
1•ya
2.38
53
39.85
3
133
16
2.46
181
68
.87
52
325.00
3
1
54
.29
1.00
110
1.40
56
103.70
-
114
1.46
114
1
1
-
136
2.51
427
5.45
291
9
-213.97
56.25
1
16
.29
2S
.32
1
_
-
24
.31
24
1
19
.35
85
1.08
66
347.37
2
55
1.02
69
88
14
25.45
1
295
5.45.
378
4.83
.83
28.14
-
Io0
3.67
-
5417 I 7828
1970 Workers
1324
1704
2525
1925
5
Total-7828
Percent Total'
16.91
21.77
32.26
24.59
4.47
100.00
(such as construction workers and mechanics) ranked either first or second in
each Census Tract except 0203 where craftsmen were first and Administrators
second. For the total County, 39% of the workers listed their occupations as
Craftsmen (20%) or Operatives (19%) Non -Farm Laborers, service workers and
•
Clerical occupations each contained approximately 9.5% of the total 7,828 employed
County residents. (See Chart E-39)

I I-47
OCCUPATION OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY WORKERS-1970
profea3lon41,Techolcal and kindred
Health worker
Tcachar
hanasur, ministrato[s. except fa
Salaried
Self-em2.'^7-a Ratpi3 Trade
Sales workers
BeCaada -
Clerical and Kindred
Craftsman, Foramen, and Kindred
Construction Craftsmen
Mechanics and Ra airmen
Operatives. except Transport
Transport Equipment Operatives
Laborers, except farm
Arm Workers
Servi:e workers
Cleaning and Fo94 Ssrvicet
Yrokactive Service workers
Personal and Health Service wo
Private 11ousehold wOrkara
Totals
;oURFE. U. S. CENSUS
BY CENSUS TRACTS
X of Tract % of Tract % of Tract X of
Count Tata 0201. Total 0202 Total 0203 Tota
CHART E-39
X of I Tractl X of I Tractl % of
589 7.52 67 3.77 90 10,44 .44
138 32 12.90 0.06 06 44 4-42 .37 1T0 1.19 146
3 2
18 1.00 S .28 S
217 2.71 17 .96 25 2.90 34 2.59 26 2.39 44 2.62 71
657 8.]9 59 ].32 S6 6.50 180 13.72 62 5.70 210 2.49 90
436 5.57 48 2.70 45 S.S8 139 2.97 16 1.10 135 2.08 18
119 2 6 34 S
-55
373 254 3.21 S4 3.04 18 1.21 28 1.91 47 4.32 79 4.70 38
736 9.40 191 10.13 69 8.00 167 12.73 101 9.29 133 7.91 75
1.736 20.35 429 24.16 166 19.26 220 16.77 291 26.77 290 7.25 197
893 20.35 161 4.16 76 8.82 126 9.60 185 17.02 187 1.12 83
82404
0.53 93 9.40 28 3.25 26 1.98 26 2.39 46 2.74 37
1,460 18.65 533 31.01 177 T0.53 150 3.81 268 L6.26 100 5.95 187
382 4.88 69 3.89 •46 5.34 SO 3.81 be 6.26 100 5.95 49
744 9.31 135 7.60 102 11.83 132 10.06 125 11.50 145 8.63 105
370 4.13 28 1.58 46 5.34 13 .99 52 4.78 121 1.20 110
715 9.90 178 10.02 63 .31 172 13.11 73 6.72 1 1. 8 91
448 5.72 83 4.67 52 6.03 89 6.79 31 2.85 142 0.45 51
77 .98 22 1.24 6 .70 53 1.68 31 2.85 39 2.32 30
188 2.40 35 1.97
149 1.90 16 .90 19 2.20 54 4.12 4 '.37 47 2.80 9
862 1.312 - 1.681 1.110
7.828 - 1.776
12.79 .
.54
6.40•
8.11
5.41
1.62
4.95
3.42
6.76
17.75
7.48
3.33
16.85
4.41
9.46
9.91
8-.26'
4.59
.45
2.70
.81
As noted previously, these occupations were Manufacturing primarily,
Retail Trade, second, and Construction, third. On the Census Tract level,
Manufacturing was first in three and second in one, Retail Trade was the leader
in two Census Tracts and second in two while Construction ranked first in One
• and Second in two. Census Tracts with the highest percentages of Manufacturing

II-48
employment were the ones closest to Wilmington. •
Over 69% of the Employed County residents in 1970 were in the Private
Wage and Salary Class, 16.7% were paid by Government (Includes Schools),
12.4% were Self Employed and 1.6% were Unpaid Family Workers. In all Census
Tracts, Private Wage and Salary ranked first. Government was second in four
Census Tracts and Self -Employed was second in two. (See Chart E-40)
CHART E-40
INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY WORKERS-1970
BY CENSUS TRACTS
f
TractS
of
TractZ
of
Tract
X of
Tract % of
Tract
Z of Trac
X of .
Countl
0201
Total
0202
Total
0203
Total
0204 Total
0205
Total 0206
Total
INDUSTRY
Construction -.
1.14765
f25.95
158%
8.90
103
11.95
128
1011.70
9.78
362 33.30
209 19.23
288
203
17.13 108
12.08 364
9.73
2.79
manufacturing
2,031
914
184
1.46
0.36
240
37
27.84
6.61
23
1.75
83
51
153
64
Durables
50545
596
7.61
77
4.34
100
11.60
11.559
9.20
l00 9.20
114
6.78
6.78 53
4.77
4.82
Traaspoctation
0
.1 .9
.d2
Commc+aications. Ut ities
197
2.52
33
'
2.98
13
1.52
30
•2.29
13 1.70
59
3.51 29
2.2
Wholesale Trade
1.187
15.15
219
2.32
97
11.25
193
14.70
122 11.22
397
23.62 159
4.3 2
Retail Trade
227
2.90
23
1.30
29
3.36
Bl
6.17
14 1.�6
27
2_43
finance, Insurance Real Estate
4
1.79
69
3.89
4
.46
31
2.36
S
31
1.84
Business and Repair Services
337
4.31
47
2. 5
29
3.36
83
6.33
37 3.40
120
7:14 21
1.89
Persona Services
224
2.86
24
1.35
15
1.74
113
8.61
16 1.47
27
1.61 29
2.62
Health Services
476
6.08
58
3.27
80
9.28
69
5.25
62 5.71
96
5.71 111
0_00
Educational Services
Other Yrofeastonal Services
154
1.97
12
.68
45
5.23
75
149
5.72
11.36
16 1.47
42 3.86
6
�'43
.36
2.56 54
4.86
Public rofessstration
378
4.83
62
3V21
3.45
28
52
3.25
6.03
80
6.10
71 6.53
174
10.35 146
3.15
Other Industries
573
7.32
7,828
r
•7J862
-
1,312
.087
1,681
- ,110
3csala
CLASS
5.425
69.30
1,5
654
75.87
743
56.6]
642
191
59:06
17.57
1.129
221
1].15 254
13.15 234
21.70
08
24.86
Wage anvl Salary
private
Government
1,307
16.70
150
8.45
146
16.94
3.83
365
154
27.82
11.74
40
3.68
27
1.61 54
4.86
Local Government
342
4.37
34
60
1.91
].38
33
62
7_19
185
11.10
219
23.22
234
12.02 131
13.43
Self Employed
972
12.42
1.58
5
19
1`45
35
3.22
34
2.02 31
2.79
2.
tbpaiki Family Workers
124
.28
-
7.828
-
1,776
-
862
-
312
-
,087
-
1.681
- 1.110E:1
Totals
SOURCE: U. S. CENSUS
i

II-49
• Another change that is taking place in the Labor Force is the rapidly
increasing numbers of employed women.
In 1950, only 17.6% of the Labor Force was Female. From 1950 to 1960,
the percentage increase was 6.2% to 23.8%. The increase from 1960 to 1970 was
8.9% bringing the Female portion of the Labor Force up to 32.7% in 1970.
In all probability this increase is primarily due to the availability of pro-
duction type jobs in the textile and textile chemical industries.
The second source of employment data for Brunswick County are the Average
Annual Work Force Estimates of the Employment Security Commission. Prior to
1970, these reports were based totally on the jobs in Brunswick County regardless
of where the employee resided. After 1970 the sections on Civilian Labor
Force, Unemployment Total, Unemployment Rate, Employment Total, Agricultural
Employment, Non -Agricultural Wage and Salary and All Other Non Agriculture
Employment relates to County Residents only, no matter where employed, while
the sections on employment by type relates to jobs available in the County no
matter where the employee resides.
Beginning with the pre-1970 period, from 1962 to 1969 the Unemployment
Rate had an almost constant decline from 12.4% to 4.5% as the Unemployment Total
fell from 590 to 280. Agriculture Employment also declined from 1410 to 890.
Trade was the only employment classification with a constant increase throughout
the period. The Employment Total and all other employment classifications
(except Agriculture) were higher in 1969 than in 1962 though there were ups
and downs within the period. The increase in these generally came after 1966.
The greatest increase in employment was in Manufacturing and was 880 to 1210,
total 1962-1969. The Classification of Transportation and Public Utilities
had an employment increase from 220 in 1962 to 940 in 1969, an increase of 720.
• For the other classifications, the 1962 to 1969 increase was much smaller.
(See Chart E-41)

II-50
AVERAGE ANNUAL WORK
FORCE ESTIMATES
1962
-
1969
CHART
R-41
1964711964
1965
19661967
Civilian Work Force
4740
4830
4875
4580
4530
5610
60
Unemployment Total
590
520
500
450
340
440
350
280
Rate of Unemployment
12.4%
10.8%
10.3%
9.8m
7.5k
9.0%
5.7%
4.5%
Employment otal
4150
4310
4375
4130
4190
Manufacturing
330
400
400
410
380
790
1010
1210
Construction
100
160
130
140
260
220
190
200
Transportation/Public Utilities
220
150
240
120
120
840
1030
940
Trade
310
350
410
410
440
480
560
620
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
80
130
80
110
90
100
100
170
80
170
90
180
120
180
120
190
Service
Government
1000
1000
1020
1000
1050
970
1030
1070
Other Non -Manufacturing
20
20
20
20
20
20
10
20
Agriculture Employment
1410
1460
1320
1160
1080
1020
920
890
11 Other Employment
550
580
645
600
590
690
740
740
Total Non -Agriculture Employment
2740
2850
3055
2970
3110
4150
4820
5110
JUUKLt: cmrLUIPICPI► 3CI.UKL11 LVIS
For the 1970-1975 period, the Work Force continued to climb but the
Total Employee declined after a peak in 1973 resulting in increased unemploy-
ment since 1973.
The normal post war business slump was further deepened by problems of
supply and cost of petroleum. Shortages of gasoline hurt the Tourism Industry
in 1973 and to a lesser extent in 1974. Resort property sales declined to
practically none in 1974 and resulted in loss ofjobs in Real Estate and Home
Building.
In total numbers of persons affected, the hardest hit by the business
slow donw was the textile -chemical industry. There were heavy layoffs in
construction as the result of existing projects nearing completion and there
have been no new major projects started since early 1974. The Housing Industry
had few new starts in 1974.
0

AVERAGE ANNUAL WORK FORCE
•
ESTIMATES 1970-1975 CHART
E-42
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974*
1975*
County Residents (1)
g,580
8,480
10,390
10,680
10,610
11,060
Civilian Labor Force
430
560
560
480
760
1,450
Unemployment Total
5.0
6.6
5.4
4.5
7.2
13.1
Rate of Unemployment
8,160
7,920
9,830
10,200
9,42j
9,610 �
Employment Total
Agricultural Employment
560
510
6,320
530
7,990
530
8,340
8,030
___
Non-Ayriculture Wage
6,490
and Salary Employment
All other Non Agriculture
1,110
11090
1,310
1,330
1,400
---
Employment (2)
Jobs In County (3)
1,690
1,480
2,560
3,060
3,290
----
htanufacturing
80
80
90
120
120
---
Food
Lumber and Wood
(4)
100
1,510
90
1,310
80
2,390
60
2,8$0
70
3,100
---
---
Other Manufacturing
Non Manufacturin (5)
(5)
2,300
3,050
3,750
3,500
3,900
---
---
Construction
Transportation, Communications
1,010
790
660
310
340
And Public Utilities
730
750
940
1,020
1,000
---
Trade
Finance, Insurance, and Real
110
130
20Q
230
240
---
Estate
190
240
230
250
250
--`
Service
1,160
1,360
.1,280
1,280
1,350
---
Government
Other Non Manufacturing (6)
20
40
90
120
110
---
'-'-"'�'_-^ " 17,770
8,35D
10,240
10,300
11,010
---
Total Jobs
74 -January through June only, 97 -January t rough March on y, Preliminary
Estimates
1) All Data Based on Brunswick County Residents -Wherever Employed
�2) Includes Non Agricultural Self Employed Workers, Unpaid Family Workers and
Domestic Workers in Private Households
�3) Reported Employment of Jobs In Brunswick County
4) Includes textiles; Apparel; Furniture, Printing; Chemicals; Stone, Clay and
Glass; Metals, Non Electric Machinery and Transportation Equipment
(5) Totals for Non Manufacturing and Construction Changed to Reflect Employment
Reported by Major Construction Companies to County Planning Department Opposed
to Estimates by Employment Security Commission
(6) Includes Agricultural Services, Fisheries and Mining.
ate 1974 and early 1975. The 1975
The job layoffs occurred primarily in l
data by individual job classifications were not available. From mid-1974 to
• March 1975, the Unemployment rate increased from 7.2% to 13.1% and total Unemploy-
ment rose from 760 to 1450. The Employed total fell from 9,850 to 9,610. Most
of the Unemployment was the result of the Labor Force increasing at a faster
rate than available jobs.

II-52
From 1970 to 1974, most employment classifications were stable or
increased. The only significant declines were in the Lumber and Wood sector
of Manufacturing and Transportation, Communications and Public Utilities.
Even Agriculture employment stabilized after years of steady decline. 1973
was the best year as the Employment Total was at it's highest while the Unemploy-
ment Total and Rate were at their lowest. (See Chart E-42)
of the Brunswick County residents registered for employment in November,
1974, there were 659 males, 643 females, 744 whites and 558 non -whites, and a
total of 1,302. Since the total population is approximately 70% white, the
Non -White Unemployment was greater than the White. By the same token, since
males constitute approximately two-thirds of the labor force the unemployment
was greater for the Females. In total numbers, 228 were seeking employment in
Structural Work, 208 in Clerical and Sales and 175 in Service. These were the
top three. There were 325 applicants who did not list their occupation or
were under miscellaneous. For the Males, Structural Wrok and the most applicants,
for frmales, clerical and slaes ranked first as it did for Whites. Service was
the principle occupation listed by the Non -Whites. (See Chart E-43)
•
BRUNSWICK COUNTY JOB APPLICANTS
November, 1974
CHART E-43
Major Occupational Groups
Total
Male
Female I
White
Non -White
Professional, Technical,
65
38
27
54
11
Managers
lerical and Sales
208
30
178
163
45
Service
175
•32
143
62
113
arming# Forestry, Fishing
53
36
17
20
33
Processing
51
17
34
18
33
achine Trades
88
58
30
64
24
Bench Work
109
20
89
57
52
Structural Work
228
224
4
148
80
Miscellaneous
143
122
21
69
74
Occupational Group Not
182
82
100
89
93
Available
•'
OTALS
1,302
659
643
I 744
558
SouRC'E : Employment Security Commission

•
•
WORKER COMMUTING PATTERNS
A TERNS60 -19OR BRUNSWICK COUNTY70
ender
olumbus
outh Carolina
11 Other
obs in County
Employed Residents
Percent of Jobs -to
Employed Residents
Residents Employed
In County
ercent Employed
In County
Residents Employed
ut of County
ercent Employed
Out of County
CHART E-44
12
9
71
140
165
265
30
.97
92
151
98
204
347
271
592 I 1, 393.. II 1, 846 .I . 2, 533
5256
7955
85%
91%
3863
5422
73%
68%
1393
2533
27%
32%

II-54
Residents of Brunswick County who worked outside of the Count rose from •
1,393 in 1960 to 2,533 in 1970 and non-residents working in Brunswick County
rose from 592 in 1960 to 1846 in 1970. The net loss in out -commuting workers
declined from 801 in 1960 to 687 in 1970. In 1960, jobs were available for
91% of the work force. Even with this increase in available jobs, the percent
of residents working within the -County dropped from 73% in 1960 to 68% in 1970.
Of the residents working outside of the County, 65% to 70% worked in New Hanover
County and of the jobs filled by non county residents, approximately 65% came
in from New Hanover County. (See Chart E-44)
FA
0

I I-55
•
V. THE AD VALOREM TAX BASE AND REVENUES
Introduction
All governments depend upon taxation as the primary source of revenue
for operations, services and facilities. For local governments, counties
and towns, the major portion of their revenue comes from taxes levied upon
real property, personal property and public utilities. The three components
are known as the Ad Valorem Tax Base.
Other than the tax base, Brunswick County receives revenue from sources
such as State and Federal grants, sales tax, court fines and interest on
County funds deopsited in financial institutions.
All considerations for current and future provisions for services and
facilities must be based on anticipated revenue, especially from the Ad
Valorem tax base, since this is the primary source of revenue and the only
source that can be considered permanent. Therefore, in planning for the
services and facilities to meet the needs and demand of the population, the
tax base must be analyzed to determine its growth rate and stability.
This section includes a presentation of the tax base and then revenue
sources available to the County, 1968-1974, and a comparision of revenues to
expenditures.
The Tax Base
The total tax base in Brunswick County has grown at a rapid rate since
1965. The increase has been the result of a general increase in land values
and new construction, especially industry, and utilities.
Real property is expressed in Appraised Property Values. In 1965, the
total value was $61.5 million. By 1970, the value had grown to $99.1 million,
•

II-56
1974, $131.2 million and in 1975, an estimated $545.2 million. The large •
increase in 1975 is estimated from preliminary reports of the 1974 county wide
reappraisal.
Some examples of the escalation in property values based on sales or
offers for known lots at one of the County's beaches are $3,000 in 1964,
$27,000 in 1975, $1,200 in 1964 to $15,000 in 1975, $500 in 1963 to $2,250
in 1975 and $3,000 in 1968 to $25,000.in 1975. One rural tract was $150
an acre in 1966 and $800 an acre in 1975.
The impact of a major industry on the real property base can be
illustrated by the $21 million in value added by just one industry in the
past five years.
Personal property is also expressed in appraised value. From a $17.8
million appraisal in 1965, personal property increased to an estimated $239.4
million in 1975. Of this, the major portion can be attributed to industry
as the equipment in one plant alone is valued at $177.3 million.
Since industrial equipment is subject to faster depreciation than structures
and since personal property includes construction equipment, commercial fishing
vessels and other items that can be moved from the County, personal property
is not considered a very stable component of the total tax base.
Utilities are appraised by the State as a total value and is not divided
into real and personal property. The principal reason the value of utilities
grew from $4.6 million in 1965 to an estimated $465.3 million in 1975 in the
construction of an electric generating plant. The value of utilities can be
considered to be a stable component of the total tax base as it is unlikely
than any of the facilities would be removed.
0

I I-57
By combining the three components, the total tax base has grown -from
$83.9 million in 1965 to an estimated $1.25 billion in 1975, an increase of
1,390%. Individually, real property value increased 887%, personal property,
1345% and utilities, 10,142% from 1965 to 1975.
Typically, real property constitutes the major portion of the tax base
and in Brunswick County it provided 73.3% in both 1965 and 1970. The percentage
.dropped to 23.6% in 1974 and is estimated to be 43.6% in 1975. The probable
reason for the low percentage in 1974 was that it had been eight years since
a county wide appraisal of real property while personal property and utilities
are generally on an annual appraisal basis. The value of utilities are estimated
to be 38% of the total tax base in 1975 and possibly will exceed real property
in value upon completion of the Carolina Power and Light generating plant.
(See Chart T-1)
APPRAISED PROPERTY VALUES
(All Totals Rounded to Nearest Ten Dollars)
(EAR
REAL
PROPERTY
$ 61,494,500
% OF
TOTAL
73.3%
PERSONAL
PROPERTY
$ 17,803,440
% OF
TOTAL_
21.2%
1965
1970
99,102,940
73.3%
32,502,760
24.1%
1974
131,212,990
23.6%
168,935,130
30.4%
1975*
545,236,080
43.6%
239,421,220
19.2%
Chart T-1
UTILITIES :%0 TOTAL 8$ 4,588,100 5.83,86,040
3,540,450
2.6% 135,146,150
256,267,120
46.0% 556,415,240
465,342,700
37.2% 1,250,000,O00
SOURCES: 1965-1974 North Carolina Department of Revenue
*1975 Estimates Based on Preliminary Information
•
M

II-58
By these indicators, the tax base of Brunswick county is very strong with •
81% being in real property and utilities and 19% in the less stable personal
property.
The growth in the tax base also indicates that a population increase has
also occurred as is shown in the Population Section of this study and a growth
in population creates a greater demand for public services and facilities.
For example, the county had an estimated population increase of 11,000 between
1970 and 1974 and the school enrollment increased 26%.
The tax base provides the basic means by which the county (or towns)
can provide the services, facilities and their own basic operations. While
the State and Federal Governments provide grants which are now available to
assist local governments, there is never any assurance that they will continue
at the same level, or that they will even be continued.
The amount of general obligation bonds a county or town can issue is also
based on the tax base with the legal limit being eight percent of the total tax
base. In reality, the bond market sets the limits which according to the
Local Government Commission is about four percent.
Currently, Union County has the highest bond to tax base ratio in the
state being 3.53%. Onslow County is second with a ratio of 2.25%. By
Comparison, Brunswick County has a ratio of .66% (based on 1974 appraised value).
If the 1975 valuation is used, the ratio would be closer to .24%. As of 30
June, 1974, the county has outstanding bonds totaling $2,955,000. Based on the
tax base the legal bonding limit would be $44,513,219. Based on the 1975
estimated tax base, the legal limit would be $100,000,000. This illustrates
how an expanded tax base increases the ability of the county to issue bonds.
0

•
II-59
The taxes levied on the tax base are Ad valorem Taxes and the tax rate is
established annually by the County or Town Commissioners to raise the funds
necessary to fund the planned expenditures for the year.
As the tax base increases, it does not necessarily mean that the tax rate
decreases. As stated previously, an increase in the tax base normally means
an increase in population resulting in an increase in the demand for services
and facilities. In 1968, the tax base was $104.9 million and the effective tax
rate was .80 cents per hundred dollars of evaluation. By 1972, the tax base
had increased by 64% to $171.6 million and the tax rate had increased by 19%
to .95 cents. By 1974, the tax rate had declined to .70 cents on a base of $556.4
million. Fron 1968 to 1974, the tax base increased 430% while the total tax
levy and charges increased 359%. This clearly shows that for the period
covered, the effective tax rate decreased. It also shows that even though the
effective tax rate decreased. It also shows that even though the tax rate
declined the total tax levy increased but at a slower rate than the tax base.
roes 01,E *- m-91
APPRAISED VALUE, AD VALOREM, TAX RATE,
TAX LEVY, COLLECTIONS AND COLLECTION RATE
(BASED ON 100% VALUATION FOR COMPARISON PURPOSES)
1968-1972-1974 Chart T-2
1968 1 1972 1974
Appraised Value
$104,909,600
$171,648,700
556,415,240
Effective Tax Rate
.80
.95
.70
Total Levy and Charges
$872,633.01
$1,654,615.63
4,007,600.06
Total Collections
$872,633,01*
$1,606,499.13
3,952,201.26
and Credits
Collection Rate
100.0%
97.1%1
98.6%
*Includes $69,707.30 for Sale of Land for Non -Payment of Taxes
SOURCE: Brunswick County Audits

ESTIMATED 1975 TAX BASE
CHART T-3
OWNERSHIP REAL PERSONAL
PROPERTY PROPERTY TOTAL PERCENT
Resident owned
Business $ 22,448,100 $ 3,367,130 $ 25,815,230 2.06$
Non -Resident
Owned Business 145,413,670 174,334,180 319,747,850. 25.58%
Resident Owned
49,687,430 274,473,120 21.96$
Non -Business 224,785,690
Non -Resident Owned
12,032,480 164,621,100 13.17$
Non Business 152,558,620
Resident Owned 4,696,780 .38%
Utilities -----------
Non -Resident Owned ___ 460,645,920 36.85%
Utilities -'----
$1,250,000 000 100.0%
TOTALS ---------
NOTE: This chart was prepared prior to final completion of the 1975 Tax Rolls.
The totals for Resident Owned Business, Non -Resident Owned Business and
Non -Resident Owned Non -Business Real Property, and the Major businesses,
Resident Owned and Non -Resident Owned, Personal Property were taken from
preliminary tax roll computer print out. All Non -Business Personal Pro-
perty was based on $5,000 for each of the 11,787 permanently occupied
homes for Resident Owned and $3,000 for each of the 4,760 Seasonal and
vacant houses for Non -Resident Owned. The 1975 Utilities estimate was
$200,000,000 higher than the 1974 total to cover the expected increases
in the value of the Carolina,Power and Light Generating Plant.
SOURCE: Brunswick County Planning Department
COMBINED OWNERSHIPS, 1975 TAX BASE
CHART T-4
OWNERSHIP REAL PERSONAL PERCENT
PROPERTY PROPERTY UTILITIES :$34
Resident
owned $247,233,790 $ 53,054,560 $ 4,696,780 85,130 24.40�
Non -Resident
L Owned 298,002,290 186,360,660 460,645,920014,870 '75.60%
TOTALS $545,236 080$239,421,220 $465 342,7000,000-000 100.00%
SOURCE: Brunswick County Planning Department

ownership of Tax Base H-61
A survey of the 1975 preliminary tax rolls was made to determine the
ownership patterns of the tax base. No survey of previous years was made
of comparison purpos
es. The ownership patterns are important in determining
the tax burden of the County residents. Too, taxes paid by non-residents can,
in a sense, be considered "profit" for the County much in the same manner as
tourists bring dollars into the County.
In 1975, 76% of the tax base was owned by non-residents, including
individuals, business and utilities. 24% is owned by County residents. The
largest portion, 6212% of the tax base, is non-resident owned businesses
and utilities. This demonstrates that these businesses and utilities contribute
more to the County than employment opportunities.
Overall, 37% of the tax base is owned by utilities, 28% is owned by
businesses and 35% owned by individuals which reflects that in Brunswick
County, individuals pay only a third of the tax levy. (See Charts T-3 and T-4)
Total Revenues
Other than Ad Valorem taxes, the county receives revenue from many sources.
In all, there are eight sources of
revenue:
Tax on Real and Personal Property.
Ad Valorem Tax=
Tax on intangible property collected by the
Intangibles Tax=
State and returned to counties under a
distribution plan.
State and Federal Aid=
Grants made to the County by the State and
Federal Governments.
Interest earned on County funds deposited
Interest=
in financial institutions.
Fees received from various sources, primarily
Fees=
Register of Deeds, Superior Court and Jail.
Fines received through the court system.
Fines=
Sales Tax=
The 1% County sales tax.
• Miscellaneous=
Many small revenue sources such as candidate
filing fees, sale of used equipment, vending
machine profits and services to towns and
individuals.

I I-62
The State expenditures for County schools are not included as a revenue
source for the County followed by State and Federal Aid. Ad Valorem taxes
provided 49% of the revenue in 1968 and 61% in 1974. The revenue received
from State and Federal aid declined from 42% in 1968 to 21% in 1974.
The 1% sales tax has become increasingly important since its inception
in 1970 providing 4% of the revenue in 1972 and Win 1974. The other five
revenue sources typically provide less than 2% each of the revenue.
The tax base (Ad Valorem) is the most important source of revenue not
only because it is the primary revenue producer, but also because it is the
only source that the County can control. All of the other sources are subject
to influences beyond the control of the County. This is clearly illustrated
by Ad Valorem taxes providing 49% of the County's revenue in 1968 and 61% in
1974 showing that the other revenue sources have not kept pace. (See Chart T-5)
COUNTY REVENUE SOURCES, TOTAL EXPENDITURES
AND STATE
EXPENDITURES
FOR SCHOOLS, 1968-1972-1974
•
Chart
T-5
1968
1972
1974
SOURCE
AMOUNT
PERCENT OF
AMOUNT
PERCENT OF
AMOUNT
PERCENT OF
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL •
Ad Valorem Taxes
$ 906,428.27
49.36%
$1,677,118.50
48.67%
11,883,690.66
61.26%
Intangibles Tax
16,614.11
.90Z
40,708.34
1.18X
70,659.06
1.12%
State Federal Aid
777,546.98
42.35%
1,029,5019.83
29,87X
1,351,507.64
21.32%
Iptare aC
5,083.42
.28%
147,073.23
4.27X
227,866.66
3.59%
Foes
48,057.32
2.62X
79,411.49
2.30%
94,714.23
1.49%
Fine@
40,880.29
2.23Z
94,663.15
9.752
93,364.56
1.47%
Sales'Tsx
1,200.29
.06%
153,645.23
4.462
532,964.61
8.41%
lecellaneous*
40,324.59
2.20%
223,954,46
6.50%
84,726.20
1.34%
OTAL'REVENUE
$1,836,135.27
100.00%
$3,446,084.23
100.00%
$6,339,493.52
100.00%
Expenditures
$1,642,409.53
$2,585,025.58
$4,559,050.43
$1,536,834.97
$2,540.392.24
$3,995,806.93
State Expenditures
for County Schools
*Miscellaneous includes income from sales of used equipment, services to communities and individuals, vento
machines, candidate filing fees and other sources.
SOURCE: Brunswick County Audits

•
II-63
PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN TAX BASE,TAX RATE,TOTAL
REVENUE AND TOTAL EXPENDITURES
1968 - 1974
p�4
44C
42C
40(
.3ac
?61
541
321
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
1.2
IC
8
6
q
2
_2
1968 1969 1970 1971
BASE
TOTAL EXPENDITURES
TAX RATE
197Z 19 f 3 iy r,+
TOTAL REVENUE
TAX BASE `�"'

II-64
_Summary and Analysis
Funds
All of the revenue received by the County is assigned to specific funds
established for the various County functions.
There are three basic classifications of funds. The first is "general
operating" which provides the day to day operating costs. Examples of this
classification are the General Fund, all of the Social Service Funds and the
School Operating Fund. The second classification is "future outlay" in which
revenue is placed over a period of one or more years for some future expenditure,
usually a building. Examples of this classification are the Capital Improvements
Fund, Courtroom Improvements Fund and the High School Construction Fund. The
third classification is "debt service" which is used to retire existing debts,
primarily bond issues. Examples of this classification are the County Debt
Service Fund and the School Debt Service Fund.
North Carolina law requires that a County (or Town) not spend more than
they receive within the year. Some of the funds at various times do expend
more than they receive but the County's total revenue always exceeds the total
expenditures and the surplus is carried forward to the following year as revenue.
From 1968 to 1972, the total revenues received by the County increased at
an annual rate of 22% and the total expenditures increased at an annual rate
of 14%. From 1972 to 1974, the annual rate of increase rose to 42% for
revenue and expenditures from 1972 to 1974 corresponds directly to the preiod
of greatest population growth. (See Chart T-6)
The various County funds and expenditures are discussed in greater
detail in the Community Facilities Inventory Section.
The tax base of Brunswick County has grown rapidly in the past eight
years
and
will have definitely
strong growth
for the next three years. By
•
then,
the
major industrial and
utility plants
now under construction should

II-65
eneral Fund
ealth Fund
elfare Administration
ld Age Assistance
,id to Dependent Children
.id to Disabled
ledical Assistance
,id to Blind
>ebt Service
reevaluation
,apital Improvements
resource Development
fail Building
tosquito Contorl
,oustroom Improvements
ichool, Operating
School Capital Outlay
School Debt Service
Leland School District
Construction High School
Revenue Sharing
Doctors' Recruitment
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNDS
1968-1972-1974
Chart
T-6
1968
1972
Expenditures Revenue
1974
x enditures
Expenditures Revenue P
Revenue
$ 323.853.39
$ 292.325.53 $
587,519.87
178,274.57
$ 469.267.04 $
171,813.84
995,492.99
494,024.71
988,381.32
309,169.83
95,270.56
563,385.57
68,040.88
545,290:56
100,314.35
132,730.00
86,364.96
124.635.51
86,846.00
_o-
_a
_0_
126,290.81
249,710.53
257,019.00
340,338.91
319,189.00
60,695.00
_0_
_0_
_o-
122,476.71
119,325.00
20,066.52
62.569.19
54,153.74
31,951.14
_a,
-0-
_0-
-0-
21.112.52
4,472.94
5,215.66
9,254.58
103,739.37
0,305.00
95,774.29
85,459.05
3100
,775.39
31,775.39
74,361.37
" 0
107.796.81
104,037.10
145,698.19
10,170.07
5,600.00
87,025.40
- 0 -
124,037.10
_0-
29,535.14
-o-
29,200.67
33,251.19
33,31606
104,506:863
22:781:71
- 0 -
_ 0 -
_o-
_0-
34,427.78
- 0
0 _
- 0 -
17,598.47
13.025.80
- 0 '
-0-
-0-
_ 0 -
1,657.00
500,971.88
500,971.88
_0_
443,155.88
43
-0-
714,800.87
562,587.91
192.198.46
1:099:114.67
1.099,194:9
1,162,807.7
535_8335_57
,155.88
14,550.15
197,873.12
13,8388.22
186,860.00
452:4058.37
- 0 -
16.602.22
12,991.97
16.3S2.S9
873,768.52
201.60
169,016.63
19,798:1
6,628.02
_o-
_�
_ 0 _
_ 0 _
494,032.38
276,247.85
-0-
11
-0-
0 -
0 -
4,250.0
- 0 -
$1,836,135.27 $1,642,409.5311$3,446,084.231 $2,585,025.58 11 $6,339,493.62 4,577,050.43
NOTES: 1968 Welfare Administration Fund included Old Age Assistance, Aid to Dependent Children, Aid to Disabled,
Medical Assistance and Aid to the Blind.
Mosquito Control Fund merged into Health Fund after 1968.
Courtroom Improvements Fund dissolved prior to 1972.
High School Construction Fund and Capital Improvements Fund started after 1968.
Revenue Sharing Fund and Doctors Recruitment Fund started after 1972.
be complete and their total appraised value placed on the tax books. On the
nstruction projects, and other highway construction
negative side, as these co
projects are completed, taxable construciton equipment will probably be
removed from the County. Therefore, the tax base growth should level about
1978 unless another major industrial construction boom occurs. The tax base
can:be considered to be very stable with.81% (1974) being in real property
and utilities.
Other revenue sources currently available to the County have not grown as
fast as the tax base since 1968 and have provided an increasingly smaller • per-
centage of the total revenue. There is no reason to believe that this trend
will not continue. With this assumption, the tax base assumes even greater
importance.

II-66
i
When it is considered that from 1968 to 1974 (before reappraisal) that
the value of the tax base increased at an annual rate of 59% compared to 41% •
for revenue and 30% for expenditures, it would seem that the tax base is able
to assume this importance.
In 1974, Brunswick County's Bonded Indebtedness was a very low .66% of
the tax base. With the increased valuation of 1975, the percentage will be even
lower giving the County the ability to issue bonds to meet most if not all of
the needs for facilities.
By all indicators, Brunswick County is in an extremely healthy financial
position now and for the forseeable future and will be able to provide its citizens
with all the services and facilities they require.
VI. SUMMARY
1. The first major industrial development occurred in Brunswick County
in the late 1960's. Since then, six other plants have opened or are
under construction. As of 1975, 89% of the manufacturing employment was
with companies that located in the County after 1960. The chemical
industry provides 80% of the manufacturing jobs. The total manufacturing
payroll in 1974 was $36.5 million and contributed 46.4% of the primary
Economic Activity.
2. Agriculture seems to have stablized after a steady decline of many
years. Acreage of harvested crop land increased 36% from 1972 to 1974.
The cash receipts from farm marketing (including government payments)
has generally increased from year to yera with large increases coming
each year since 1971. The total value in 1974 was $13.8 million
which was 17.6% of the Primary Economic Activity. Farm employment
was 795 in early 1975, the highest in many years.
3. Managed Forest Land constitutes the largest single land use in Brunswick •
County. The 1974 employment in Forestry was 70 and the value of
harvested trees was $1.6 million dollars and provided 2% of the Primary

II-67
Economic Activity. The principle forest product is pulpwood. The
• County generally ranks among the top five in pulpwood production in
the State.
4. Brunswick County's Seafood Industry consistly ranks second in the
State in both catch and value, although the average price per pound
is the lowest. This is because of the County leads the state in
industrial fish catch which has a very low value. Shrimp is the
leading shellfish catch while sea bass is the primary food fish
caught. The County provides about 5% of the total stateshellfish
catch and about 2% of the food fish catch. An estimated 1400 persons
work in the seafood industry and the total 1973 value was $3.5 million
which was 4.5% of the Primary Economic Activity.
5. Although Tourism contributed $19 million, 24.1% of the Primary Economic
Activity in 1974, lack of motels, campgrounds and commercial recreation
facilities are detriments to greater tourism. The majority of the
seaonsal visitors are second home owners and their guests. Of the
.expenditures by visitors, 49% was for food, 26.6% for recreation, 12�%
for auto expenses, 3�% for lodging and 8% for miscellaneous expenditures.
visitors staying in the County spent $14 million and pass through
traffic, $5 million.
6. Transportation as a portion of the Primary Economic Activity constitutes
two shipping facilities employing 335 persons with a payroll of $4.2
million which provides 5.4% of the Primary Economic Activity.
7. Retail Sales reached $69 million in 1974 and has grown at an excellent
rate since 1971. Retail Sales are a basic measure of the Secondary
Economic Activities.
• B. Construction is classed, a$ a Secondary Economic Activity because of
its non -permanent nature. There has been a construction boom in the
County since 1970 with as many as 3,700 workers employed on major projects
though it is now on the decline. The 1974 employement was 3,880 with

•i
a payroll of $55.8 million which contributed 84.8% of the Secondary •
Economic Activity.
9. In 1974, 310 persons were employed in Communications, Transportation
and utilities with a payroll of $3 million which contributed 3.5%
of the Secondary Economic Activity.
10. Trade employed 1,150 persons in 1974 and the $4.4 million contributed
6.7% of the Secondary Economic Activity.
11. Finance, Insurance and Real Estate's 1974 payroll was $1.8 million,
2.7% of the Secondary Economic Activity and 250 persons were employed
in these activities. Bank demand deposits and Savings deposits in
Banks and Savings and Loan Associations tripled from 1965 to 1974 with
67% of the increase in bank deposits and 80% of saving deposits came
after 1970. Another Savings and Loan Association opened in 1975.
12. The Service industry employed 260 persons in 1974 and the $1.5 million
payroll contributed 2.3% of the Secondary Economic Activity.
13. Stability and growth of the Secondary Economic Activities depend upon
the stability and growth of the Primary Economic Activities. Although
Construction employment is currently on the wane, it is probable that
at least one other major project will begin in 1976 or 1977.
14. Of the Primary Economic Activities, the Commercial Fishery is the only
questionable area because of the declining catch of Industrial fish.
There would seem to be an opportunity to expand the deep sea food
fish catch. Manufacturing in the County is composed of very stable
companies mostly and this portion of the Primary Activities is indeed
solid. Manufacturing should continue to grow, especially in the eastern
part of the County. Agriculture should remain stable or increase as should
the Forestry Industry. Tourism will grow at the same rate as the

I I-69
availability of accomodations grows. The Tourism season coald be
extended to all year if attractions were developed and a good promotion
program established. There will be greater pressure in the future
for more intense development as the supply of undeveloped beach property
become less and less.
15. With the coming of Major industry in the 1960's the Median Income of
Brunswick County Families increased significantly to $6,409 in 1970
and has probably grown much more since then but is still below the
state average. The Median Income of Non -White Families has increased
at a higher percentage than for White but the Non -White Median Income
is still well behind.
16. The coming of Major Industry also influenced population. Most of the
industry located in the eastern part of Brunswick County and population
shifted from 51% in the west in 1960 to 53% in the east in 1970.
17. The average gross income reported on North Carolina Individual Income
Tax Returns has increased at twice the rate of returns indicating
rapidly increasing income levels. The average income per return in
1973 was $8,010. Most of the increase came after 1971.
18. An indicator of a higher standard of living for Brunswick County
residents in automobile registration. In 1960, there was one auto-
mobile for each 4�% residents and in 1970 one per 211 residents.
19. The value of intangible property has increased at an annual rate of
$6.4 million since 1970. In 1974, the total value of intangible
property owned by Brunswick County residents was $41.6 million.
20. Females in the labor force increased from 17�% of the total in 1950
• to 32�% in 1970.
r

II-70
21. Total labor force increased steadily since 1966 with major increases •
coming after 1970. Most of the increase has been in manufacturing,
trade and construction. Agricultural employment declined until 1975.
The number of employed persons peaked in 1973 with slight declines
since, primarily because of decline in construction.
22. The 1974-1975 recession and completion of major construction projects
cuased the unemployment rate to climb to 13%in early 1975. Indications
are that there was a good recovery in mid 1975 except in the construction
industry.
23. In 1970, 2,533 Brunswick residents worked outside of the County and
1846 non-residents held jobs in Brunswick County. Most of the residents
working outside of the County worked in New Hanover and New Hanover
supplied most of the non-residents working in the County. In 1970,
jobs were available in the County for 91% of the labor force.
24. The total tax base has risen from $83.9 million in 1965 to an estimated
$1.25 billion in 1975. Industrial development has been the major con-
tributor to this increase. The individual 1965 to estimated 1975 in-
creases were: Real Property - $61.5 million to 545.2 million,
Personal Property - $17.8 million to 239.4 million and Utilities - $4.6
million to 465.3 million.
25. The tax base is very stable with 81% being in Real and Utility Property.
26. The tax rate has declined though the total levy has increased, but at
a slower rate than the tax base.
27. An estimated 76% of the tax base is owned by non-residents.
28. Overall, 37% of the tax base is owned by Utilities,.28% by Business
and 35% by Individuals.

I I-71
is29. Ad Valorem taxes provided 49% of the County's revenue in 1968 and
61% in 1974. The other major revenue source, State and Federal aid,
has increased in dollar amounts but not as fast as Ad Valorem taxes.
30. From 1968 to 1974 (before appraisal), the tax base grew at an annual
rate of 59% compared to 41% for revenue and 30% for expenditures.
31. As present construction of major industry is completed and put on the
tax -books, the tax base will have substantial gains.
32. Brunswick County has an extremely stable and healthy tax base.
0

0
SECTION III
HOUSING REPORT
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
MAY , 1976
PREPARED
BY THE BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT

I. INTRODUCTION
Along with the U. S. Census of Population each ten years,
the Bureau of Census also conducts a Census of Housing. The
housing census provides information on the size, age, value and
occupancy of the housing within the County and serves as an indica-
tor of the housing trends..and living conditions wi:.hin the County.
One important change was made in the 1970 Census when the pre-
vious classifying of housing into categories of sound, deteriorating
and dilapidated was dropped preventing comparisons with previous
years.
In the Spring 1975, the Brunswick County Planning Department
conducted a Land Use Survey of Brunswick County using the Field
Survey Method. All of the County was covered except Towns that
have contracted for planning with agencies other than the County.
These towns are Southport, Long Beach, Holden Beach, Sunset Beach.
For these towns housing countp were made by other planning agencies
(N.C. Department of Natural and Economic Resources for Southport,
Holden Beach and Sunset Beach), a limited field check and information
provided by town officials (for Long Beach) and did not include da-
to on the structural conditions of the housing.
The County Land Use Survey did classify the conventional dousing
by four grades; "A" standard, excellent conditions; "B". standard,
needs minor repairs; "C", substandard, deteriorating; "D", dilapi-
dated, cost of repairs higher than replacement. Mobile homes and
farm homes were counted separately but the condition of the mobile
homes were no • t classified. The counts were made for all the unin-
corporated areas by township and for the communities of Boiling
Spring Lakes, Bolivia, Calabash, Ocean Isle Beach, Shallotte and

III-2
Yaupon Beach. Caswell Beach was not incorporated at the time of •
{� the survey and is included in the Smithville Township unincorporated
area.
This report includes housing data from the 1950, 1960 and 1970
Census of Housing and from the 1975 Land Use Survey. The full count
from the 1975 Land Use Survey is on Chart H-20, page 20.
t
•

III-3
• II. NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS, 1970-1975
Total housing units more than tripled between 1950 and 1975
with 45% of the increase coming in the 1960-1970 period and 43%
coming between 1970 and 1975. In all, 11,480 units were added to
the housing supply in the twenty-five year period. Most of this
increase was in Occupied housing. Of the 11,480 total units, the
increase in Occupied Units was 58% of the total being 6,663 units.
Most of the increase 4,109 units, came in the 1970 to 1975 period.
By comparing the land Use Housing Count with the 1970 Census
of Housing, 4,924 housing units were added to the County supply
between 1970 and 1975. This is an increase of 42%. More important is
the increase in occupied housing units from 1970 to 1975. These increased
59% from 6,958 in 1970 to 11,067 in 1975. This was an increase of 4,109
units for the five year period compared with a 2,554 unit increase in the
previous twenty years. The 1970 to 1975 increase in seasonal and vacant
houses was from 4,449 in 1970 to 5,586 in 1975. (See Chart H-1)
HOUSING UN JS AND OCCUPANCY Chart H-1
tg50 1960 1970.1975
Total Occupied Units 4,404 5,014 6,958 11,067
Total Vacant Units 769* 1,602* 4,449* 5,586*
Seasonal Units 405 1,005 3,656 5,281
otal Reported Units 5.173 6,616 11 729 16 653
*Includes Seasonal
SOURCES: U. S. Census of Housing
Brunswick County Planning Department
Of the Seasonal/Vacant housing units, 299 were estimated to be
non -seasonal, permanent type units vacant for sale or for rent for a county
vacancy rate of 1.8%. The other 6 units were non -rented, vacant, for sale
• seasonal units.
c

By Townships, the rates are:
III-4
Township
Lockwood's Folly
Northwest
Shallotte
Smithville
Town Creek
Waccamaw
Countv Total
-Chart H-2 •
Total Units
Vacant Units
Vacancy Rate
3,502
17
0.5%
1,503
60
4.0%
3,576
16
0.4%
4,731
89*
2.0%
2,612
48*
1.8%
729
69
9.5%
I
16,653
299
1.8%
*Most of these are in areas of Seasonal housing and would be attractive
to Seasonal home buyers as well as permanent home buyers
f
In the 1975 Land Use Curvey, vacant permanent and vacant
seasonal were not recorded separately. Since there is no seasonal
housing in Northwest or Waccamaw Townships, the total vacant sea-
sonal can be considered as vacant permanent type housing. In the
other four townships, the vacant permanent housing was determined
by a survey of 47 real estate brokers and the advertisements in five
newspapers. In this survey, housing listed for sale or for rent was:
HOUSING FOR SALE OR' FOR RENT, 1975 CHAR.C__H-3 LVi_
For Sale For Rent otal
7bamshi _ tinder 35 U00 35U00 Over Under 150 150 Ovecant_
Locxwood's.Folly 10 4 9 0 17
Shallotte 4 12 4 2 9
Smithville 87 47 18 23 I 89
Town Creek 10 15 4 1 16
Totals_ 111 78 35 T 26 1 131
Town Creek Township has a smaller seasonal/second home area
than the other three townships.
In 1975, Smithville Township ranked first in total units with
28.4% of the County total and first in Occupied units with 23.8% of
the County total. Shallotte was second in total units with 21.5%,
and third in occupied units with 18.1%. Lockwoods Folly has 21.0% •
of the total units and 17.7% of the occupied units.

L._.J DENOTES SEASONAL DWELLINGS
Eg NOT WITHIN THE BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING JURISDICTION
BRUNSWICK ' COUNTY
_ NORTH CAROLINA
Scale (Mlles)
1 0 1 2 3 4

III-6
Town Creek was second in occupied units with 21.4% and fourth
in total units with 15.7%. Northwest ranked fifth in both groups •
with 15.7% of the total units and 9.0% of the occupied units.
Waccamaw contained 4.4% of the total.housing units and 6.0% of the
occupied units, ranking last in both in 1975. Smithville Township
ranked fourth in population and in 1975, ranked first in occupied
housing units which demonstrates the impact of major industrial
construction upon a township. (See Chart H-4)
Housing Units As A Percent Of
The County To Bv Towns hi s 1975 Chart 11-4
Township Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of
Total Units Seasonal or Occupied 1970 Popu-
_ Vacant Units Units lation
27.6% 17.7% 19.6%
F
kwoodsFolly 21.0% 13.0% 13.9%
thwest9.0% 1.1"/.11otte
21.5"/. 28.2% 18.1% 20.1%
7.6% 23.8% 17.9%
28.4% 3
Smithville %
.
4% 2
21.16
Town Creek 15.7% 4.3% %
Waccamaw 4.4% 1.2% 6.0% .
Source: Brunswick County Planning Department
Of the 5,586 Vacant or Seasonal housing units in the County in
in 1975, 93.4% are in the townships with beach communities. Another
4.3% of the Vacancies is in a township with a second home/retirement
community. The vacancy rates of the two townships, Northwest and
Waccamaw, not influenced by seasonal housing are 4.0% and 9.5% re-
spectively. The five beach communities alone account for 52.6% of
vacant/seasonal housing'in the County. There are extensive areas
of seasonal home development in unincorporated areas along the Intra
-6)
-
Coastal Waterway. (See Charts H-5 and 11

• ~'— --- _ Vacant/Seasonal Housing _
Townships With Beach Areas -of C
1975 � Chart H-5
Townshi Total Vacant/Seasonal Units Percent27.6%ount
Lockwoods Folly 1,51,541 41 28.2%
Shallotte 2 103 37.6%
Smithville 5,217 93.4%
Sub -Total 369 6.6%
All others 5 586 100.0%
Count Totals
Source: Brunswick County Planning Department
Vacant/Seasonal Housing Chart H-6
Beach Communities - 1975
Communit Total Vacant/Seasonal Units Percent of1C0.7%
Holden Beach 600
1483 26.6%
,
Long Beach 8.6%
479
Ocean Isle Beach 93.5%
i
Sunset Beach 18 3.2%
Yau on Beach 938 52.6%
2�
Sub Total 2 938 47.4%
All Other 7,
5 586 100.0
Count ' Totals
Source: Brunswick County Planning Department
III. MOBILE HOMES AND FARM HOUSES 1975
III-7
Total
Total
A count of mobile homes and farm houses was made in the 1975
Land Use Survey, however no previous data is available for comparison.
Mobile Homes contribute 31% of the County's housing supply.
A large number of mobile homes are used as Seasonal homes along
the Intra-Coastal Waterway, especially from Sunset Harbor westward.
Mobile homes provide 45.6% of the housing in Northwest Township which
has no seasonal housing. The next highest percentage is 38.3% in
Town Creek Township. The lowest was 21.4% in Waccamaw Township.
Of the total number of mobile homes in the County, the beach related
townships ranked one, two and three as Smithville has 22.4%, Lockwoods
Folly, 21.8% and Shallotte, 20.0% of the County total. Waccamaw
Township was lowest with 3% of the County total. (See Chart H-7)
c

III-8
•
MOBILE HOMES BY
TOWNSHIP
- 1975
Chart 11-/ _
Total Housing
Mobile
Percent Mobile
Percent of
TownshipUnits
Homes lHomes
County Total
Lockwoods Folly
3,502
1,121 {
32.0%
21.8%
Northwest
1,503
685 I
45.6%
13.3%
Shallotte
3,576
1,030 f
28.8%
20.0%
Smithville
4,731
1,152
24.4%
22.4%
Town Creek
2,612
1,000
38.2%
19.5%
Waccamaw
729
156
21.4%
3.0%
,County Total
16,653
5,144 1 30.9%
100.0%
SUUKC L : brunswit;& %,vu„-y r �.aaaaa�••7 �--r-- _. ----
There were 652 houses determined to be farm homes in the
1975 Land Use Survey which was 3.9% of the total housing units in
c
Brunswick County. This represents quite a change from 1950 when 44.5%
of the housing units were farm houses. Only in Waccamaw Township
does farm houses provide more than 4% of the housing being 35.5% in
that township. Smithville Township is low with less than 1% being
farm houses. Nearly 40% of the total farm houses are in Waccamaw
Township. Lockwood's Folly Township is second with nearly 20% fol-
lowed by Shallotte with -slightly over 19%. In all, 79% of the farm
houses are in the western three townships. (See Chart H-8)
FARM HOUSES BY TOWNSHIPS - 1975
CHART H-8
TOWNSHIP
TOTAL HOUSING
FARM HOUSES
PERCENT
FARM HOUSES
PERCENT OF
COUNTY TOTAL
UNITS
Lockwood's Folly
3,502
129
3.7%
19.8%
Northwest
1,503
34
2.3%
3.5%
5.2%
19.3%
Shallotte
3,576
40731
126
43
.9%
6.6%
Smithville
2,612
61
2.3%
9.4%
Town Creek
729
259
35.5%
39.7%
Waccamaw
OUNTY TOTALS
16,653
652
3.9%
100.0%
nr AMKTT*tr
nVDADMMRNT

III-9
• IV. HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, 1950 - 1975
La
Detailed housing characteristics were provided in the 1950,
1960 and 1970 U. S. Census of Housing. Because of the nature of
the 1975 Land Use Survey, structural conditions based on exterior
appearance is the only characteristic available for 1975.
The residential construction boom of the 1960's is reflected
in the Age of Housing Structures. In 1970, 35% of the structures
were less than five years old, 52% less than ten years old and 70%
less than twenty years old. It is quite likely that the rebuilding
after hurricane Hazel in 1954 was a contributing factor to new con-
struction in the late 1950's and possibly even in the 1960's. In
1950, over 44% of the housing was twenty or more years old and by
1970, this had dropped to 301A. (See Chart H-9)
1 AGE OF HOUSING STRUCTURES
Chart 11-9
1950 1960
` 1970 _ ._ _ _.__
A e f Num er Percent Number Percent Number ' P rc nt
9 6� 1,7 25.95% 3,987
Less than 5 Xearst 1,075 21• 12.77% 1,959 17.14%
5 to 9 Years t 575 11.26$ 845
� 21.06% 2,001 17 . 51%
10 to 19 Years 1,190 23.31� 1,393 14.74$ 1,407 12.31%
20 to 29 Years 905 17.73$ 975 _
25.48$ 2,075 18.16%
30 or over Year 1,360 26.64� 1,686 11,429
Total Reporting ►10 ________
Units
Source: U.S. Census
Nearly 90% of the dwelling structures in 1970 were single
family houses. This was down from the 98% in 1960. Duplexes ranked
second with 711% of the total in 1970 while 3 to 4 unit and 5 or more
unit structures each had 1y% of the total. The 1950 to 1970 increase
in total structures was 6,254. Individually, single family structures
• increased 5,226; duplexes, 704; 3 and 4 units, 161; and 5 or more
units, 172. 1,092 multi -family structures were constructed between
1960 and 1970 to increase their share of the total structures to 10.6%

III-10
compared to a low of 1.8% in 1960. (See Chart 11-10)
•
UNITS
PER STRUCTURE
Chart H-10
1950
- 1960. ___
... _.._1970
Units
_
Number Percent
__.__
_
Number
Percent
Plumber
Percent
1
,996 9
.7 g
6.456.25�
98
10,2
89.44$
2
144
2.78%
90
1.37%
848
7.42%
3-4
20
.39%
20
.30%
181
1.58%
5 or more
6
.12%
5
.08%
178
1.56%
Total Repore
Units
5,175
6,571
11,429
Source: U.5. uensus
Housing units of four rooms in size have been in the greatest
c
number followed closely by five and six room units in 1950, 1960
and 1970. These three sizes rep-esented 70% of the units in 1950,
7311% in 1970. Three room units had a large increase between 1960
and 1970 possibly because of mobile homes. One room units decreased
from 230 in 1960 to 109 in 1970, the only size to decline in total
numbers. Four and five room units each increased by over 1900 be-
tween 1950 and 1970 accounting for over 56% of the total units added.
(See Chart H-11)
ROOMS PER HOUSING UNIT Chart 1I-11 _
1950
1960
1970_.___.___.__-_
Rooms
Percent
Number
Percent -
_
umber
N-
Percent
Number
1
135
2.67%
.230
2.48%
109
1.82$
2
284
5.62%
288
4.35$
508
4.41%
3
466
9.22%
608
9.19$
1,403
12.19%
4
1,301
25.75%
1,824
27.57%
3,249
28.24%
5
1,047
20.72%
1,642
24.97%
2,963
25.75%
6
11191
23.57%
1,385
20.930
2,068
17.97%
7
355
7.03%
355
5.37%
657
5.71%
8 or more
274
5.42%
274
4.14%
450
3.91% _
iTotal Reported
Units �5,053
6,612
11,507
Source: u.5. uensus
•

'Chu averago value ul owner occupied houses increased from 1960
to 1970. A comparison with 1950 is not possible as information was
available for non -farm housing only. ilowever, the Median Value of
houses increased from less than $5,000 in 1960 to over $7,500 in
1970. (See Chart H-13) Perhaps a better comparison of true values
is accomplished by assuming an annual inflation rate for construction
costs and existing home values of 5% between 1960 and 1970, totaling
50% for the ten year period. Using this assumption, a house that
cost $10,000 to construct in 1960 would cost $15,000.00 in 1970.
Based on this line of reasoning, the following chart was calculated.
Chart 11-12
1960 Value 1960 Percent 1970 Value 1970 Units PeTotal of
Units of Total
Less Than 47.g4�
Less than 58.39% $7,500 1,679
$5,000 1,372
$5,000 - I 29.73
9,900 722 30.728 7,500-15,000� 1'808 22.83%
10,000-ove 256 10.89% 15,000-over
Total Units 2,350 - Total Units 3,539 ----
While the middle value range ($59000 to $9,900 in 1960, $7,500
$15,000 in 1970) has maintained about 30% of the total, the lower
range (Less than $5,000 in 1960, less than $7,500 in 1970) declined
from 58!i% to 471�% as the upper range increased from 11% to 23% of
the total. This is a definite indication thatthe true value of
housing in Brunswick County has increased.
0

III-12
VALUE 01., OWNL•'R
OCCUPIC_ :�� _t«�USLS
1960-
Lh��1.970
=-- j- Number
---- ---_ --
N u ni or ---------
tdumber ---
- --
------
Less than $5,000 988
1,372
497
959
720
$5,000-7,400
108
225
438
7,500-9,900
23
172
614
10,000-14,900
31
56
387
15,000-19,900
7
8
205
20,000-24,900
6
12
127
25, 000-34, 900
--
8
89 _
35,000 over
— -
1,712* Less
than $5,000 Between $7, 500 and $9,900
Median Value
3,539
Total Reported
1;488*
2,350
---`
Units
*Rural Non -Farm
Only
Source: U.S.
Census
The conventioanl housing in areas within the jurisdiction of
the Brunswick County Planning Department was evaluated as to the
structural conditions based on the exterior appearance. This infor-
mation was not available for Southport, Long Beach, Holden Beach
and Sunset Beach so full County totals are not available. Of the
11,509 conventional housing units in County, the 6,629 (58%) in the
unincorporated areas were judges on structural conditions. Of these,
62.0% were rated "A", or sound, and 19.4% rated "B", or in need of
minor repairs, therefore 81.4% of the housing units were rated as
sound. Housing that need major repairs, rated "C" was 10.6% of the
total and "D" housing, which should be demolished, was 8.0% of the
total. A true vacancy rate of about 1.8% of the housing and a "Doi
rating of 8.0% illustrates that many, if not most of the substandard
housing in the County is occupied. This is especially true in Wacca-
maw 'Township with 14.5% of the housing rated "D" and only 9.5% vacant•
0

•
F71 DENOTES SUBSTANDARD DWELLI14GS
�BRUNSWICK COUNTY
/ NORTH CAROTINA
uff
!, • ,
NOT WITHIN THE BRUNSWICK PLANNING JURISDICTION 76•t;i.'
Scale (A111es)
1 0 I 2 3 4

Waccamaw Township had the largest percentage of both "D" and
"C" houses, a total of 35.6% of the housing within the Township. •
Town Creek Township was a distant second with 19.8% of the housing
rated "C" and "D'!. For "A" and "B" housing, Smitliville Township
had the highest percentage, 90.4% followed by Shallotte with 84.3%
(See Chart H-14)
STRUCTURAL CONDITION OF HOUSI-S*; 1975
PERCFNTAGF 8Y TOWtISIIIPS UNINCORI'ORATED AREAS CHART H-14
CUNUfTIUf�� L0'('0
FOLI Y
A
61.
B
21
C
9
D
7
f3Y_
!(�(1DS
_ - c._._
fVOitlIt41LST
+..
S11ALL01-
_. _ .... -
SMI1IfVILLE
- -- ---
TOWf�
----
IJACCAMAW
COUNT
CREEK
_
3$
G4.9%-----G7.0%
73.1
58.8%
42.4%
62.0
16.0%
17.4%
17.3%
21.4%
22.0%
19.4
.3%
12.4%
9.0%
6.5%
9.9%
21.1%
10.6
.7%
.7%
6.7%
6 _6%
3_11,
9.9%
14.50
8.-
* DOES 1101 lIRIW 1= 1101911.E HOt-1E S-�
SOURCE: URUN
SWICi,' COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Y
0$
Since the U. S. Census of Housing in 1970 did not provide data
on the structural condition of housing, the only indicator to make
comaprisons with 1950 and 1960 is Plumbing Conditions. In 1950,
82% of the housing units in Brunswick County lacked some or all
plumbing facilities - all facilities being considered a full bath,
kitchen sink, hot and cold water, In 1970, conditions had improved
remarkably as 83% of the housing had all the required plumbing fa-
cilities. (See Chart H-15)
H
PLUMBING
CONDITIONS Chart 1i-15
1950
1960 `
1970
Conditions
Number
Percent Number Percent
Number Percent
9,755 83.17b
With All Plumbing
906
17.99� 3,168 47.88%
Lacking Some or all
4, 130
82.01$ 3, 448 52. 12 0
1,974 16.83
Pumbi,il
Total Reported
5,036
6,616 I
11,729
- ------
Units
Source: U.S. Census
r 1
U

III-15
• V. CHARACTERISTICS ur 0CGL11'ANCN
The characteristics of the occupied housing is availab.lc for
1950, 1960 and 197U only. This section covers owner occupied, renter
occupied, persons per housing unit and persons per room of housing
units as reported by the U. S. Census of Housing.
Owner Occupied Housing increased over 2,200 units between 1950
and 1970 as renter occupied housing has a 327 unit gain, clearly in-
dicating that Brunswick County Residents prefer to own their home.
In 1950, 77.7% of the occupied dwelling units were owner occupied
and in 1970, the percentage increased to 81.2%. The trends in owner-
ship were slightly different for the Whites and Non -Whites. In 1950,
79.5% of the Non -Whites owned their homes and in 1970, 79.9% were
home owners. The trend for Whites was growth as 76.8% owned their
home in 1950 and 81.6% in 1970. The 1950 to 1970 increase in White
Owner Occupied housing was 85.7% while the Non -White increase was
19.8%. For Renter Occupied Housing, the White increase was 38.6%
and the Non -White increase was 17.4%. Combining owner occupied and
rental Dousing for the 1950 to 1970 period, White occupied housing
increased by 94.5% compared to a 19.3% increase for Non -White occu-
pied housing. (See Chart H-16)
CHART
11-16
OCCUPANCY
OF
UNITS
1950_
1970
1975
U_wner Occu1iea�"-
3421
_1960
3918
5648
NSA
White
2328
2855
4324
N/A
Non -White
1093
1063
1309
N/A
Reciter Occupied
983
1069
1310
N/A
White
702
773
973
N/A
Non -White
281
323
330
N/A
All Occupies] Units
4404
5014
6958
11,924
Source: U.S. Census Of Housing
Brunswick County Planning Department

III-16
The changes in Persons Per household reflect
the trend to
smaller households. In 1950, 57% of the households had four or
more persons. In 1960, 61% has two, three or four
persons and
by 1970, 59% has three or less persons. The overall
Median Persons
Per Household dropped from 3.9 in 1950 to 3.0 in
1970. The owner
occupied households had exactly the same decline.
Renter occupied
households had a higher median household size in
1970 of 3.2 persons
after a decline from 3.8 in 1950. (See Chart H-17)
PERSONS PER HOUSEHOLD UNIT
Chart H-17
—
1950 1960 ---
1970
_
Number Percent Number Percent
Number Percent
Persons
1
I
j 255 5.74% 396 7.90%
10.86%
817 11.74%
1,944 27.940
2
747 16.96� 1,046
20.231 1,018 20.30%
1,340 19.26%
3
891
785 17.83$ 994 19.83%
1,119 16.08$
14.52%
4
5
600 13.62% 568 11.33$
992
728
1,010
6 or
more 1,126 25.57%
3.519.78%
3.014.52�
Median
All 3.9 3.5
3.0
Median
3.9
Owner 3.7
3.2
Median
Renter
3.8
Total
Reporte
t--4,404 5,014
6,958
Units
Source: U.S. Census
The average number of Persons Per Room in dwelling units has
also declined. In 1950, 29% of the dwelling units had an average
of more than one person per room and in 1970, 14% had more than
one person per room. (See Chart H-18)
PERSONS PER ROOM
OF 1i0USIING0 UNITS
Chart
t71111- 18
Persons
1950
umber Percent
16
Number Percent
Number Percent
5'922
1.00 or less
3,064 71.02$
3•072 21.38�
1.
14.26�
1.01 or more
1,250 28.98%
Total Reported
5,014
6,958 -
"in _ts
4,3
Census
i
0

• Vl. TOWNS
housing iut'urwatiun fur the tuwus in Brunswick County was
not available in the U. S. Census of Housing for 1950, 1960 or
1970. The 1975 Land Use Survey provides data for towns on total
units, Vacant/Seasonal units, occupied units and mobile homes for
all towns, and 1►ousing conditions for the seven towns within the
jurisdiction of the Brunswick County Planning Department. Summaries
are contained below and total figures are contained in Chart H-20.
Unincorporated area (including the newly formed town of CaswolI
c
Beach) contained 67% of the total dwelling units, 78.3% of the occu-
pied units, 44.3% of the Seasonal/Vacant Units and 88% of the mobile
homes. The low percentage of mobile homes in incorporated areas is
probably due to local regulatory ordinances. Changing the dwelling
units in Caswell Beach from the Unincorporated totals to the Incor-
porated totals would not change any of the percentages appreciably.
(See Chart H-19)
Percentage of Total Housing Units,
Vacant/Seasonal Units, Occupied Units and Mobile homes
B Unincor orated And incor orated Areas 1975 Chart H-19�
Total'Units Vacant/Seasonal Occupied Units Mobile Homes'
Area NumbL66
Units Numbers % Number
Number
LNCORPOKpTED 5,513,110 55,7% 2,400 21.7% 630 12.2%
2 476 44.3% 8 667 78.3% 4,514 87.8%
UN IN(:URi UR.A'TI?D it 14144 100.Totals 16,655 586 100.0% 11,067 100.0% 5,
SOURCE:: Brunswick County Planning Department
The communities of Boiling Spring Lakes, Bolivia, Calabash,
Ocean isle Beach, Shady Forest, Shallotte and Yaupon Beach together
• . �
haver 1,359 conventional housing units, 93.4% rated "A", 4.2% rated
"B", 1.0% rated "C" and 1.2% rated "D". The percentage of Sound

BRUNSti"SICK COUNTY
DENOTES HIGHEST RESIDENTIAL DENSITIES NORTHCAROUNA
�-- 87
NOT WITHIN THE BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING JURISDICTION 76 .
Scale (Riles)
/ 1 0 1 2 3 4
3 �
da
e
I�
N
I
iit
P--4
00

III-19
• housing 97.6 , in these communities as well above the percentage,
' 81.4% for the unincorporated areas.
VII. DENSITY PATTERNS
The
1975 Land Use Survey provided, for the
first time,
data
on where
residential development has occurred.
The areas of
greatest
density of housing in Brunswick County are the communities, around
the perimeter of Southport, Sunset Harbor, the Woodburn, Leland,
Phoenix Strip, the strip between Seaside and ocean Isle Beach, along
the west side of the Shallotte River and the strip along the Intra-
Coastal Waterway between the Shallotte and Lockwood's Folly Rivers.
The beach communities, the areas along the Intra-Coastal Water and
Boiling Spring Lakes have sizeable numbers of Seasonal housing con-
tributing to the density. In all probability, future housing growth
will continue more extensively along the coastal area, where the em-
phasis will be on Seasonal housing, the Southport -Boiling Springs
Lakes corridor and the Town Creek, Woodburn, Phoenix triangle.
0

.RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNITS HOUSING COUNT - BRUNSWICK COUNTY
FINAL COUNT, JUNE 1975
)V`:RNMENTAL ! CONDITION CLASS (MOBILE I I + I
7RTSDICTION I A B C D IHOMES II TOTAL II FARM i
.:.''CORPORATE D AREAS-
DC.WOODS FOLLY TWP.
996
JR`l'HWEST T;-,P.
531
iALLOTTE T''JP .
1,121
'IITHVILLE T"'.P.
418
01NN CREEK TI•.P.
804
ACC'AM:b TWP. I
243
NINCORPORATED TOTALS:
4,113
NCtJRPORATED AREAS:
3OI r,IIvG SPRING LAKES
175
3OLIVIA
24
:ALABASH
39
IOLOEN BEACH*
n/a
SONG BEACH*
n/a
)CEtiN ISLE BEACH
492
SHADY FOREST
13
SHALLOTTE
189
SOUTHPORT*
n/a
SUNSET BEACH*
n/a
iAUPON BEACH
338
Iiv%vPPORyTED TOTALS : f
n/a
LL nREhS COXBINED:
i
;LOCr:00DS FOLLY TWP.
n/a
NO PTHt•7EST TWP.
n/a
S:'=,,LLOTTE TWP.
n/a
_' y. THVILLE TWP .
n/a
CREEK TtitiP.
n/a
'CALAW TWP. I
n/a
COUNTY
n/a
CHART H-10
VACANT OR f I
SEASONAL I
TOTAL
OCCUPIED
I
i
I
347
157
126'1,063
2,689
129
931
1,758
131
101
55
685 I
1,503
34
60
1,443
290
151
111
945 i
2,618
125
846
1,772
99
37
18
879 j
1,451
43
442
1,009
293
135
135
786 !
2,153
60
128
2,025
126
121
83
156
729
259
69
660
286
702
52814,514
it
11,143
► 650
2,476
I 8,667
2
27
1
n/a
n/a
1
2
23
n/a
n/a
F�
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
5
0
n/a
n/a
0
0
6
n/a
n/a
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0 199
11 15
0 53
n/a 40
n/a 200
0 5
0 18
8 20
n/a 72
n/a 7
0 1 1
n/al 630
n/a' 1, 121
n/a 685
n/a 1,030
n/a 1,152
n/a 1,000 !,
n/a 156
n/al5.144 ''
377
82
93
650
2,055
498
33
246
884
251
341
5.510
3,502
1,503
3,576
4,731
2,612
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
129
34
126
43
61
259
652
PROVIDED BY SOURCE OTHER THA:; BRUN-SWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
D% ; i 137M SNIC:. CO :.TY PLANNI',,G DEPAP.Th?EN'T
t
97
280
15
67
40
53
600
50
1,483
572
479
19
9
24
11
235
0
884
198
53
178
1
0
I I 2, 40S_
1,541
1,961
60
1,y43
1,573
2,003
2,103
2,628
240
I 2,3',2 ,
69
? 66
5,586 11,067

III-21
VI I I . SUMMARY
1. Total houtiing units more than doubled from 1950 to 1970 with
787. of the increase coming in the 1960 -1970 period.
2. Of the 6,556 gain in total units between 1950 and 1970, 2,554
units were occupied meaning that slightly over half of the
total units were seasonal.
3. The percentage of owner occupied housing increased from 77.7%
in 1950 to 81.2% in 1970.
4. In 1960, 98% of the housing was single family houses. The
percentage in 1970 was 90%.
5. Total housing units occupied by Whites increased 94.%5 and
Non -White, 19.8% between 1950 and 1970.
6. Four, five and six room housing units constituted 72% of the
total in 1970.
7. Median persons -per -household dropped from 3.9 in 1950 to 3.0
in 1970.
8. Only 18% of the housing had all plumbing facilities in 1950
compared to 83% in 1970.
9. In 1970, 35% of the housing was less than 5 years old and 52%
less than to years old.
10. Tlie average value of housing has steadily increased.
11. Total housing units increased 42% between 1970 and 1975.
12. Occupied housing increased 59% from 1970 to 1975 reflecting the
population explosion of the period. The 4,109 units increased
in this five year period is 161% more than the 2,554 occupied
units increase of the previous 20 year period, 1950 ro 1970.
13. Smithvi.11e Township ranked first in total units and in occupied
units in 1975 followed by Shallotte Township in total units and
Town Greek in occupied units. Waccamaw Township was low in both
categories.
14. Of the Vacant/Seasonal housing units, 93.4% are in townships
with beach communities and 52.6% are in the incorporated beach
communities. The two Townships not influenced by resort or re-
tlr.ement areas had vacancy rates of 4.0% and 9.5%. The County
wide Vacancy rate excluding Seasonal housing was 1.8%.
• 15. In 1975, 81.4% of the conventional housing was rated in good
condition, 18.6% rated as unsound.
16. Wac:camaw Township has the highest percentage of unsound housing.
17. Based on the incorporated towns included in this survey, the

III-22
clIli lity of housin}; in incorporated aruao-: was butter than
unincorporated areas. •
IC
unty
18. highloft,45.6% ill Northwestomes provide '517, Toiwnshipsand a"lolw`of.`�21.4% i.nl, a
high
Waccamaw Township.
19. Of the total mobile houses, 64% were in the beach related town-
ships. Mobile homes are extensively used for seasonal housing.
20. In 1975, 3.9% of the total housing in the County were farm
houses compared with 44.5%in1950. Nearly 40% of the total
farm houses are in Waccamw
21. Unincorporated
itcontained il/of le total units, 78.3% ofthe occupied units, 443% ofteSeasonal/Vacantunits
and 88% of the Mobile homes.

SECTION IV
LAND USE
SURVEmy 8 ANALYSIS
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
O
�

.7
IV-1
Land USO Survey And AnalySi5
I. Introduction
In April and May of 1975, the Brunswick County Planning
Department conducted the first detailed County wide Land Use
Survey in Brunswick County. The survey was conducted by two
party teams and covered all public and private street roads
and trails in Brunswick County excepting those areas within
the Southport, Longbeach, holden Beach and Sunset Beach Plan-
ning Jurisdictions. The study area for this analysis consists
of all Brunswick County except the ,four above mentioned juris-
dictions.
The survey results were recorded on 1" to 400' (in developed
areas) and 1" to 2000' (in rural areas) scale maps and then
coded and transferred to 1" to 2000' scale maps and to a 1"
to 1 mile map for unincorporated areas and 1" to 400' maps
for municipalities. Land use was coded in accordance with
the CA.MA planning guidelines with additional break downs with-
in categories.
Since this was the first land use survey ever to be conducted
in the unincorporated areas or in eight of the county's eleven
municipalities there is no previous data to compare with and
give specific indications of the acreage increases in the
• various land use categories. Utilizing other data and compa-
rison of aerial photos however has given some indication of
the expansion within the various land use categories.

IV-2
The 1975 land use survey served three funct: il>ons; •
f the use of each parcel. of' lend in the county's
designation o
planning jurisdiction; 2) an accurate dwelling unit count
and 3) a general survey of the exterior structural conditions
of dwelling structures. The following analysis will deal pri-
marily with the use of land and the relationship of the va-
rious types of land uses. The dwelling unit survey and an
analysis of dwelling characteristics is contained in "Iiousiny
Report Brunswick County."
II. . General Description Existing Land Use Conditions
A. Land Use Compatibility Problems
Land use compatibility problems in Brunswick County con-
sist primarily of residential uses in relation to com-
mercial uses, residential uses in relation to junk
yards and unauthorized refuse disposal areas and poorly
designed mobile home developments in relation to residen-
tial uses.
The only major area where residential and commercial uses
have developed under mixed conditions is in the Leland
Belville corridor in the 14ortheast portion of the County.
In this area a large number of cortunercial uses have de-
veloped among and dispursed within what is and has been
predominantly residential areas. Within this area However
the mixture of uses has been limited primarily to areas
along old U.S. 74-76, U.S. 17 and SR 1437 and SR 1435. •

C7
IV-3
Wi th].Il other al.UiIS of the County res i(iuntial and major
commercial development- has occurred i.n segregated patterns.
Mobile home development has occurred at high density
in several areas of the County. ,,his development has
occurred without regulation of design or construction of
facilities or sites and is dispursed within many conven-
tional residential areas. These conditions occur pri-
marily in the Leland-Belville Area, Southport-Longbeach
Area, Sunset Harbor Area, Varnum Town -Shell Point Area West
of Holden Beach, Shallotte Point Area, Area North of ocean
Isle Beach and the Shady Forest -Calabash Area. It musL
be acknowledged that mobile homes account for 25% of all
residential land use in the County and that mobile homes
u
provide the only financially accessible means of housing for
a growing number of citizens; however such development can
have detrimental affects when not designed properly and
when proper facilities and services are not provided.
An individual mobile home can place the same demand on
services and facilities as a conventional dwellings.
Another land use compatibility problem is the existence
of :junk yards, and areas where junk and rubbish is indis-
criminately disposed. There are no regulations requiring
the buffering or screening of junk yards other than those
on Federally assisted highways and these are not vigorous-
ly 1 enforced. The County has for several years continued
rural container
an active and successful landfill and

IV-4
proclra«i. in addition i*cceul. cl�aie-��{, camhaidiis and a
junk car removal program has ley 11 t o Iiclp a l levIatr •
the problem somewhat.
Almost all industrial development has occurred on the
fringe or adjacent to existinq developed areas and
there are no compatibility problems between major in-
dustrial and other types of development.
Some residential development does exist and continues to
occur adjacent to the Brunswick County Airport. This -
has already resulted in complaints from residents and
could become a major land use problem in the near future
unless regulated. The Airport Commission is in the process
of preparing a long range development plan for the air-
port. This in conjunction with the county's over all
planning effort will hopefully result in regulation
that will ward off major problems in the future.
B. Major Problems Resulting From Unplanned Development
Brunswick County has been actively involved in a planning
program with a full time planning staff for less than one
year. Since 1970, Brunswick County has undergone a large
amount of development with a large increase in dwelling
ullits (See housing Report) and large increase in popula-
tion (See Population Report). Since this growth has oc-
curred without regulation and without proper planning
and provision of facilities and services numerous problems •

IV-5
• leave resulted.
AWN
\.d Strip Commercial develop has occurred with improper de-
sign in four major areas. In the Leland-Belville Area,
Yaupon Beach on Oak Island Drive, Bolivia on U.S. 17 and
in Shallotte on U.S. 17 significant amounts of strip com-
mercial development has occurrred in a haphazard manner.
In these areas in particular the commercial development has
occurred without adequate set backs, without properly
designed egress and ingress and without adequate off
street parking.
It is realized that certain types of commercial develop
can sustain itself only adjacent to major traffic arteries
however,when development occurs adjacent to major thorough-
fares it must be designed so as to not inhibit the flow of
u
traffic and cause congestion and hazardous situations on
those roads.
in addition to the above areas, uncontrolled strip commer-
cial development is beginning to appear in the Calabash
area on S.R. 1163, Holden Beach Causeway on N.C. 130, on
Highway 133 from N.C. 211 to Yaupon Beach. Unless proper-
ly designed and regulated such development could cause traf-
fic problems and hazardous conditions in these areas.
Another major problem that has resulted from unplanned
• development is the existence of a large number of substan-
dard streets that are not maintained. 'rhere is a total
of 938 miles of publicly maintained streets in all areas
of Brunswick County. In addition it is estimated that
i

IV-6
there arc: over- 75 1111) es of su1)d i v i s i
not permanently maintained and (10 rrclt ineet. standards •
for acceptance for maintenance by I public aclency. III
addition to over 300 miles of unpaved street already
maintained by governmental agencies (s.11.C. and Towns)
at least 50 miles of the unmaintained streets are ull-
paved. In addition to substandard construction and de-
sign street patterns have been laid out with little con-
sideration for continuity and coordination with adjacent
property. No consideration has been given to future
traffic volumes and capacity capability for a subsivision
streets that may become thoroughfares. Thoroughfare
ning and street coordination is desperately needed.
Small and inadequate lot sizes have occurred in develop-
ing areas of the County. Numerous large subdivision have
been platted with 5000 to 6000 square foot lot sizes with
no provision for water or sewer service. A total of 670
(11,143 units) of all dwelling units are located outside
municipal boundaries. Approximately 85% (9,471 units)
are without public water supply and 96% of (1-5,659 units)
all dwellings units in Brunswick County are without sewer-
age disposal other than septic tank. Serious problems may
develop in the near future unless adequate services are
provided to these areas that have already developed at
high density levels, and adequate lot sizes are required
in newly developing areas.
•
i

IV-7
• The 111'.1 jor problem thaL has resu] Lc_cl l rom unplanned (10-
' velopment in Brunswick County is inaduquaLe services
or the lack of major services especially water, sewer
and fire protection for the major portion of the growth
that has occurred. The County is now involved however
in a County water system and the initial stages of plan-
ning sewer services (See Community Facilities Inventory
and Existing Plans and Policies Report).
C. Areas Likely To Experience Changes in Predominant Land Use
The Northeastern and Southeastern portions of Brunswick
County have been the only areas to undergo major changes
in land use. In the Southeastern portion of the County
in the Southport area, two major industries have located
within the past four years. It is felt that there will be
additional industrial development in this area in the
future.
The Northeastern portion has also had a significant amount
of industrial and commercial development. Since U.S. 74-
76 has been four laned to the Belville area a significant
amount of commercial development may occur in this area.
"1'he Northeastern area will also undergo additional indus-
trial development if past trends continue.
In addtion it is felt that with rail transportation and
a major ocean shipping channel available there will be
• demand for industrial development along N.C. 133 from

IV-8
the Sou Uiport to Belvil le area. At to mpt:s Sh(-Auld be made
to reserve tlii.s area for industrial development since
dispersed residential or commercial devel.oj)ment could
prevent consolidation of sites large enough for major
industrial development.
Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC)
Two of Brunswick County's primary economic activit: i r-, rare
directly dependent on the preservation of lands considered
areas of environmental concern for their continued existence.
These are the County's Tourist Industry and the Fisheries
Industry (See Economic Report). To some extent these
two land use activities compete for the use of Brunswick
County's Coastal Resources. A balance must be maintained
between the growth of both activities or the livelihood
of many county residents could be d6stroyed.
Development has occurred primarily in three categories
of AEC in Brunswick County. The coastal dune lands have
undergone extensive development, however the primary
dune strand has been preserved and has seen very little
encroachment. The Yaupon-Caswell Beach area has had ex-
tensive erosion problems and existing development there
is in danger.
To a large extent there has been little encroachment into
the marshlands of the County. only in the ocean Isle Beach
area has any major reclamation of marshlands occurred and
such activity is no longer occur.ri.ny there.
•

IV-9
• of concern �i
n hats been Bald
n1cz�c,l- rc��a and cc�nlr.c:wc.r:�y
Bead Island and al.tlhougll the 1,sla"(1 will undergo inten-
sive development, construction activities are programmed
only for the dune land area of the Island and the marsh-
lands will for the most part be undisturbed. Development
nevertheless will in all probability have a drastic impact
on all natural systems on the Island.
Another major erosion problem exist along the Intracoastal
Waterway just east of the Sunset harbor Area. The Water
Way Channel cuts through topography 30 to 50 feet above
the water line. No development has occurred in the un-
incorporated areas yet but numerous structure within Long -
beach Town are in danger. This area referred to as the
"Yellow Banks" is a significant hazards area and develop-
ment should be regulated strictly in the vicinity. The
Intracoastal Waterway with its high speed marine traffic
poses a problem with erosion in many areas of the County.
There has also occurred a considerable amount of develop-
ment within the coastal and riverine flood areas. For the
most part such development has occurred with flood proofing
measures incorporated into design in the coastal towns how-
ever in the unincorporated areas and inland towns develop-
ment has occurred in the Coastal Flood Area and Riverine
plood without proper flood prevention measures being in-
corporated into their design.
0

IV-10
L. LXiStlnLl Plaited Lots
Although Brunswick County has less than 1.7,500 individual
dwelling and businesses there are approximately 46,555
lots of record of less than one acre in size. (See Platted
Lots Map). The map on the following page shows the areas
were most of these platted lots are concentrated. Over
96% (or 44,991) of platted lots of less than one act-o in
size are concentrated in the nine areas shown on the fol-
lowing map. Of all the platted lots 92.3% (or 42,957) are
without sewerage service other than individual septic tanks.
Many of these lots are platted adjacent to or in close pro-
ximity to estuarine waters. Of the total 46,555 lots of
record only 23% (or 10,685) are served by public water
service others would be served by individual wells.
III. Existing Land Use Categories
A. General Development Trends
Brunswick County has a total of 558,720 acres of total
surface area within its boundaries. Of this total acreage
44% is utilized by man for various purposes including agri-
cultural and forestry uses. Only 26,654 acres of this
44% or 50 :of the County's total and area is utilized for
by man for urban type uses such as residential, industrial.
etc. Of the 26,654 acres of land utilized for urban type
uses 56% is occupied by three individual land uses. These
are the C.P. & L. Nuclear Plant, Sunny Point Ocean 'Terminal •
and the Dupont Plant which together occupy nearly 1-5,000
\ acres of land in Brun wick County. The Development of Urban

L
REAS
aREA
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TOTAL
. ........
WITH CONCENTRATIONS OF PLATTED LOTS
NO. OF LOTS
19,621
4)793
545
1 150
046
7)798
32827
244
267
4 41 119, 1
7 7
117.
4?11n
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
Scale (Miles)
1 0 1 2 3 4
lz
4
Vr
N
2
,4
Q
6�4

type uses has been concentrated it, f i vex ma jor- ar(!:is
These are the Boiling Spring Lakes-Southt)orl-].onybc!rich
Corridor, Leland-Belville Area, Varnum-Shell Voint-
Holden Beach Area, Shallotte-Ocean Isle Corridor and the
Sunset Beach -Calabash Corridor. It iuust be emphasi.zed
again that this development has occurred at densities
that demand urban services and such services are not
presently available in these areas other than within
the Southport town limits and a small portion of Carolina
Shores (Private Service Systems) west of Calabash.
B. Residential Land Use Element
The Residential Land Use element accounts for 32% of all
developed land in Brunswick County (See Chart following
Page). A total of 8,670 acres of land is denoted to resi-
dential uses. Conventional single family dwellings ac-
count for approximately 68%* of the total Residential
acreage. Mobile home development accounts for 26% of all
residential acreage. Multi -family and transient lodgings
are relatively insignificant and account for less than
2% of all residential acreage.
C. Industrial Land Use Element
The industrial land use element is the third largest in
i
number of acres, accounting for a total of 3,600 acres in
Brunswick County. This land use category has expanded •
*Note percentages are not exact because Category break downs
could not be obtained for some jurisdictions. There all
percentages will be approximate.

V.KA.AY
��r<nti !
xDITNVi3T S-tTNY1lLE � fY.1.1,0 T!L Tni'•:SP1► TnuNtRi[• lOvxSNlt Tf TALS i
;tY1P• n^i-+C DS rn•LT �^YVCYIP T^V\CY1P
I•NIxC04 J+Ili •I
�c MAR -LOTTO
CO-- LOIC • 1•QUTII-
1►DR•
TAU. IOTTE IC A!,.r <. A'�
I._^)�;r
SMADI (SMALISUSS[TM
UNI NC^•'77l01 LIMA 90LIY1 ILL
�'ORPOIA
U1Iw-
C USE LAT[GC•T
CIA:-01 AM' IICM.
•
TOTAL ItACM POST
f
DV
PC" 1T41 -•-AL n4!l A! ESL`
T01M II.OTTL SCAf
TOTAL iPONATt
S►RIvCi
TI
CCUw7T '
I
•90.9
•3317I
1
RtSIOtxTIAL
Ua4.9; 1311.2 I07
$9.7
1,071.6
%661417196
1S0
$IDA
993!� L933.
1,703A 15.�
11
a.3
3l6
t4D
706L7
16d
37.2
2161
%470.6
AI SINGLE UNIT
712E 1160.6
$1.5
663.0
96L-1310A
69
43.3
69A!! ,A 37.•
1
t2522� ILO
1
/OJ
a.5
34.3
6{0
16611E
t64257.1
111i, 29./
IIId
%R 41.7
61 rC'Lti - UNIT
L6 1.4
0.2
6.6
94I
0
51
1.0
7.
631
ly
0
0
O
07
0.7
0 0
0
:•.P
e] -Oatt.t PON13
A:6�I 41).1
6.1
147./
366.7 I3576
0,2
6A 441.1
I
a402� I4
O .1I
3 J
03
0
51U
4213
15 L7 6.7
392
S,S:). '.
a) TRANSIENT LOOOtPCS
aa� 2.9
1.9
1:4
32
0
3./
1.9 1.1
L3� 9
l�
0
0
0
64I
5J
21 0.7
0
^
1\DUSTRIAL
31.3
21.1
3.2
%233.1
SLID
209AI
I
SIAI
0
32 17. aI
112>I
0 0
I I
0
)AO
)AD
! i
1
01� 0
1!
1AD^
TRA1fP^ITAiIOx COFMVIICA-
I
I2106�
I
1
T 10r .r0 UTILITIES
4/.I)
12.3
23
Il.i
31S.1
I2,733J
)
0
162 42.2
S7A+
O1
0 4a
O
13 L.1,
7729
01
1.:
SLI
TIACt AND Stl91CLS
126.5
96.3
9
23.3
31.1
1032
32.3
20
393
11.2
43.1
126.2
TL M-
A.6
0.2
2LI
LD
1212
1072
29
14.1
66
5)6.6 i
Al tATINC a Dl1RRING
12J
13.2
0.5
2.2
a
L7
2.1
t0
29.1
4A IRA
to
0
OS
311,
ILI
IOJ
0.7
0.3
0
36.) I
6) P►cr15SIf[ONAL 6
'
Of riot 111C2R
L7
5.7
3.0
0.7
LA
0
1.6
42
10.1
SD 0.5
01
0
L2
20
112
6A
U
0.5
O
32.6
9} Ort1l.1 COMMERCIAL
IL1
71.6
19.7
36.0
311
304
I.S.
31.9
14.1
406 JA
L7
0.2
202
LO
106.9
90.1
20
1).)
14
371.0
COI1114t%T AL i
I MS TtT UT IO\AL
aw
43.3 I
4.1
39.6
42714
191E
4
73J
1.9
39.9
Ill.?
I
91A
12
Ot)
0
)SIR
t0
11U,
f12
2VI
1t.6
ILS
t7L. C
CULTURAL LNTtRTAIPNRNT
RICH IAT ION
3LA
31.6
0
14.4
25363
2233
•
3.2
24.6
t2
40.7
SA,O
r
I
3.6
0
IJ
0
2611
lit)
11v
0
O
621.!
A) V111, 01,10 TtO
N IIR[AtIOP
LA
1.4
0
0
'
3d
u
O.S
OD
3.4
7D
7J
0
0
O
O
D
0
0
0
1C.4
6) AMUSEMENTS
2L6
21.6
0
16.4
13.9
129
1.0
01
2.1
I.al
f
0
fll
0
11
IA
0
0
0
96.! '
R) OTMIN CULTL'1AL tNTt1-
III"'•I\i 4 1LCRLAT ION
Ed
S.6
I
0
O
23CA
2n4.7
77.9
0A
92a
0
^J
0
!Ll,9
1 :15:
n
TOTAL MvEtnPtD
.011.4,719.7
It 39 1102.7
4,731.1
131IAA 1741151 391
19/1D
1128. 3
O&DD.
:!11.5I
tag AJ
i l 1^' 44d 4.5 It 0!.71 tip
1170•1 7,!•^;.
i A•571 61.:
74^.
".•t•
A cllC. tfURl
6\CD.
,70).7
0
7R165,{
2,5. I1R14
0LO
217.OI l77).7
10�57A1 0
0
7nA 0
�•vaJl 9,401.1
0
7I.7
�096.7
•ORr51
V579
#.6
0
1196.4
23.3
Ipis.3
�994.67{y7LA
0
25.1 ;Sn3.2
ball I
Ij50A2^ 0
0
0 0
5%OA 0.1E S%.I'D1
0
0
a112i7Tnl
AL ACIICULTURt AND
SAY)j04
316.7
0
122t.7
17I01.1
I
6/.57.0761162
0
I
•:74 S
2 S5•), n
n
?^.A n
a77aAala7wal:
.
1 n
•1.?
t1•1"
TOTAL ALL OTNLR LAND
i
71151y 77.3 �7a j431.3
24072./
a999 .2':i9)Sdj 2.921
.GlA
I31].1
1
)/J
S17R121 I7.111 OO21 46.4
�t07J� 6.147
71�a27116af1)D
j
1113: 121 704.9
441P!)
11:L 77.! I
:: uL ALL LwxD �71J �59] 1/6f 173l.9
SQO]1
! 51,0 2�36J11.1 LI
756
327
]OL3 7:0
/7177J 71L;'�a7aA $6.1 1) 9.11 6719
16A171132 O43 1 906 365.1
10 267 55•; :0
OUr710t COWNTT JURISDICTION
I aF021AT 100 NOT CON►LSTL
N Sub -Category tout* 00 not equal ute9ory total* because break down
t 01a not be Oetaaeee (ron same JUr1*dletA One'

IV ]2
tremcnd(aisly during thy: past seven ycar.s. Pi ior. to .1968
less than 300 acres of laid were developed tci ndu:;t: r i.r., 1 •
purposes. The addition of the Dupont: Plant: site and Pfizer
Plant site accounted for most of the indusL-rial increase.
D. Transportation Communication and [)Lj.]i Lies
This is the largest category of land uses in Brunswick
County. The C.P. & L. Plant site a recent addition added
approximately 3,600 acres to this category. Sunny Point
Military Ocean Terminal accounts for 8,573 acres. ';'h('s
two individual land uses account for 90% of all lard in
the Leland-Belville-Navassa area account for the major
portion of the remaining acres in this category.
It is unlikely that this category of land use would
increase greatly in the future. Any increase would
probably be accounted for primarily by development of
trucking and some water transportation facilities.
E. Trade and Services Land Use Element
The Trade and Services element accounts for a relatively
small. portion of the total developed acreage. Brunswick
County residents have traditionally relied on the Wilming-
ton and Myrtle Beach areas to provide retail services.
In addition there has in past years been insufficient popu-
lations within any one concentrated area to support major
retail development. This trend has been to change how-
ever and expansion
of the Commercial
land use category
can
be expected in the
future.

IV-13
• F. Governmental institutional. land [)se Element
�A
This laird use category has seemingly remained farily
stable during past years. A substantial increase could
be expected with the construction of a new county complex
in the Bolivia area. No other major increases are ex-
pected in this land use category.
G. Cultural, Entertainment and Recreational
The major portion of this category is accounted for by
Golf Courses, a girl scout camp, and fort Caswell Baptist
Grounds. With a considerate amount of seasonal devel.op-
ment occurring, an increase in the amusement element of
this category could be expected. In addition recreation
and parks programs are being encouraged and emphasized in
the County and Towns and an increase in the total number
of acres could be expected in this element.
11. Agricultural Land Use Element
This category included all cultivated crop land in Brunswick
County and total acreage in this category has been on the
increase for the past three years. A total of 35,341 acres
is devoted to this category. Even though there may be some
limited conversion of productive agrictil.tural.lands to urban
uses in the future, the total acres in this category could
be expected to increase somewhat because of reclamation
• of some wet land areas.

IV-14
I , E,orest: band Use Lleme"t
This category is the largest. land use element in I3runswick
County and accounts for 210,599 acres or 380 of all lands
in Brunswick County
IJanus inc. 111�I L:II
those that are actively managed for forestry purposes or
owned by Timber Companies. Almost all these lands are
actually owned by major Timber Companies.
J• "Other" Land Use Elements
This land use element accounts for 56% of all lands in
Brunswick County. Included are wet lands, barrier lands,
wooded and partially wooded lands not utilized for timber
production and all streams and bodies of water. Incivaea
in this category are some of the County's productive agri-
cultural and forest lands and it is possible that much
of this land could be converted to agricultural, forestry
and urban uses.
0

IV-15
THANSI'ORTATION PLANS
Existing tran5pol'Lation plans which hold potential impact for
Brunswick County fall into three basic categories - Municipal
thoroughfare plans, the North Carolina Highway Imnrovement Program
(seven-year plan) and Secondary Roads Council allocation for road
improvements in the County.
Of the seven municipalities (Boiling Spring Lakes, Bolivia,
Calabash, Ocean Isle Beach, Shady Forest, Shallotte and Yaupon Beach)
which are in the Coastal Area Management Act Planning urisdiction of
the Brunswick County Planning Department, none have established
thoroughfare plans in effect. The municipal thoroughfare plan which
has been adopted by the Wilmington City Council in New Hanover County,
does however include plans for a portion of Brunswick County. This
._c e�;;�st�.;ct��: o f .. four 1 ane ri rotimfPrAntial highway
plan calls for iIi..
which would originate at U. S. 17 in Brunswick County south of
U. S. 74-76. This freeway is planned to extend northeast and cross the
Brunswick and Cape Fear Rivers and then encircle the City of Wilmington
terminating at Shipyard Boulevard south of the City. This freeway has
been proposed for construction in order to meet projected 1995 traffic
demands of the Wilmington metropolitan area.
The Seven Year Highway Plan calls for the upgrading of the two
U. S. highways located in Brunswick County, U. S. 17 and U. S. 74-76.
The plan proposes the widening to four lanes of U. S. 17 its entire
length from the South Carolina State line to U. S. 74-76 at Belville.
• This proposed construction is planned in segments with varying scheduled
dates for right of way acquisition and construction. Acquisition of the
right of way for the segment from N. C. 87 to U. S. 74-76 is now in
progress and c•otis1. rite i on of this portion is planned for f iscal year

IV-16
1976-1977. Ril;ht of way acquisition for the segment: From N. C. 211
to N. C. 87 is proposed for fiscal year 1977-1978 with construction
planned for fiscal years 1978-1979, 19.79-1980 and 1980-1981. Right
of way acquisition for the segment from the South Carolina State line
to N. C. 211 is scheduled for fiscal year 1979-1980 however, a scheduled
construction time for this .last link is not included in the current
Highway Improvement Program.
Proposed improvements for U. S. 74-76 call for a completion of
the existing four lane highway in the County constructing the final -
link from Belville (ti.'S. 17) to Alligator Creek on Eagle Island where
connection will be made with the existing four lane highway. The
right of way for this segment has been acquired and construction is
presently underway.
The Brunswick County Secondary Road Allocation for fiscal year
1975-1976 totals $202,000. The proposed program for the expenditure
of these funds includes the initial paving of a number of secondary
State roads in the County as well as the widening of one road and the
improvement of one unpaved road by placing crushed stone on it. Below
are listed the proposed road segments selected for improvements and
the nature of the improvement.
ROAD
SEGMENT
S.
R.
1438
S.
R.
1134
(from N. C. 130 to S. R. 1135)
S.
R.
1168
(1.2 miles)
S.
R.
1191
(from S. R. 1146 to existing
paved portion)
S.
R.
1417
(from N. C. 87 to existing
pavement)
Alternate:
S. R. 1319 (from S. R. 1333 1.5
m i 1 4"i east )
IMPROVEMENT
Widen from 18' to 22'
Base and Pave
Base and Pave
Base and Pave
Lay 2 inches of stone
Base and Pave
c
•

IV-17
'1'l►e map on tho following page not only Illustrates the location
•
of proposed secondary road ►mprovuments, but it indicates all existing
planned road improvements in the County.
1�1
c

ANNED -ROAD IMPROVEMENTS
67
SO
\ Taf ��
;UNSAY CC)'J'-,IT
N C R T . r_ ,+R C '_ " ' V' ei'%
aim m
ZJD
N

IV-18
Community Facil.it'es Plans
Unincorporated Areas of Brunswick County:
1) Phase II Water System - The Brunswick County Phase II
Water System is at present in the planning stages. This
system has been initially designed to provide, treat, and
distribute, on a macro -scale, water to incorporated muni-
cipalities and to limited consumers which are located along
the distribution lines.
Phase II will include three essene.ally independent
sub -systems, the Leland area sub -system, another system
which will serve the towns of Shallotte, Holden Beach and
nlcnnn Tr -In Reach. and a sub -system which will provide water
to the towns of Calabash and Sunset Beach. The map below
provides a general indication of the service areas of the
various parts of the overall Phase II Water System. Cur-
rently, the completion date for this system is uncertain,
however it should be in operation by 1978.
All water supplying Phase II will be extracted from
ground water sources. The volumes which each sub -system will
be designed to provide have not been finally determined at
the present time.
0

FBRUNSWICK COUNTY PHASE II WATER SYSIEM
A R ICE AREA
2 OL08�T�� LA ELEVATED STORAGE TANKS
LELAND SANITARY DISTRICT SERVICE AREA
"201" PLANN I NG AREA F
SwICK COUNTY IV-19
NORTH CAROLINA
scale (htltcs)
i o I z s a � •
1P
I
N
2) Section 201 Facilities planning area -There has been one
planning area under Section 201 of the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act Amendments of 1972 designated in Brunswick
County. The planning grant has been approved and an engineer-
ing consultant has been contracted by the County to prepare
the 201 plan. This planning area is .located in the south -
Western purtioii of the County south of u.S. highway 17 and
i
west of N.C. 130 to the South Carolina State Line.
Municipalities located in this 201 planning area include
Calabash, Shady Forest, ocean Isle Beach, Sunset Beach and
Shallotte. The location and capacities of treatment plant(s)
and out fall lines have not yet been (let.ermined. Considering
the size of the 20). planning area and the di.spursed nattire
i

IV-20
s Fur<t�d d0velo�nient in the
of lunicipalitic
1 • area, this waste -water collection and trcat.mc:nt system will
J
certainly provide service to some of the unincorporated areas
of the County. The above map also outlines the 201 facili-
ties planning area. A date for the beginning of construction
and eventual completion of this system is impossible to pro-
ject this time.
3) Leland Sanitary District - Currently, efforts are underway
in the north eastern portions of Brunswick County to form
a sanitary district in this area. Petitions have been dis-
tributed and incorporation of the Leland Sanitary District
is pending the return of petitions with the signatures of at least
51% of the free holders in the area to be incorporated. The
initial and primary purpose for the formation of this sani-
tary district is the constructing of a water distribution
system to serve residential and other water consumers within
its boundaries
Due to the absence of any incorporated municipalities
in the northern portions of Brunswick County, there presently
exists no water system for distribution of the water which
will be provided to the area by the County Phase II System.
The Leland Sanitary District plans to purchase water from
Brunswick County and distribute it for resale to consumers
along its distribution lines.
The proposed area for incorporation into the Leland
Sanitary District is illustrated on the above map. Although
• a preli.mi.nary engineering report has been completed for con-
struction of the Leland Sanitary District Water System, as

IV-21
petitions have not. yet been returned, IL is impossible
to determine if incorporation will occur and if so when
•
the planned distribution system will be completed.
4) Carolina Shores Development - The Carolina Shores Develop -
Mont is located in the southwestern portion of- Brunswick
County immediately adjacent to the Horth Carolina - South
Carolina state line. This development has been designed
with its own, independent water and sewerage disposal systems.
Both the water supply and treatment system and the waste
water treatment system have been constructed to provide
capacities for.the developmentla ultimate use demand. Por-
tions of the distribution - collection systems have been
constructed to provide service to the first phase of resi-
dential construction including 234 dwelling units. The
water system supply capacity totals 216,000gallons per day
(gpd) while the waste -water treatment capacity is 310,000
g.p.d. Plans exist for expansion of the distribution -
collection systems to provide service to future portions of
the development on an incremental basis.
5) Lower Cape Fear Water and Sewer Authority - Several problems are often
associated with a complete reliance on ground water supplies. While individual
wells may adequately serve low density residential development using on -site
waste water disposal (septic tanks), in high density residential areas and
locations in which soils will not permit septic tank operation, these
private wells may prove inadequate or unsafe. Ground water may also be an
adequate source for low volume municipal and private systems. Ilowever,
when ground water is relied upon to provide large volumes of water over
•
extended periods of time the threat of salt water intrusion into the

IV-22
•
auqui.fur, draw -down of putt.'-ilLially polluted surtit' ial waLer or. all victual reducL ioll Into Ole water prod"V i og capat• i t i Vs of tile auqu i f er may occur with-
out any prior indication.
Recognizing the potential problems associated with ti►e total reliance
on ground water supplies, Brunswick County has been iClvolved in the develop -
merit of a Regional Water flan developed by the Region "(1" Council of
Governments. This plan, drawn up in 1972 calls for the development of surface
water resources to supply primarily the water needs of Brunswick and New
Hanover Counties. This proposed surface supply system would consist of a
48" water main transporting water south from King's Bluff on the Cape Fear
River in Bladen County to the Navassa area in Brunswick County where there
is proposed for construction a 20 million gallon raw water storage resevoir.
This ItL•l; i��na l supply system has been designed to provide a reliable raw
water supply of 45 million gallons per day (m.g.d.) to the Navassa storage
facility.
e Fear wai cr and Se1ger Authority (LCFWSA) was incorporated
The Lower Cap -
in 1970 as the implementing agency for the Regional Water Plan. Problems
have been experienced in the acquisition of funding to finance the proposed
construction of this project, and at the present time no construction has
yet begun. Applications for funding are in the process of being resubmitted
by the LCFWSA and at the project is received, construction should begin in
mid 1976 and an estimated completion date for the 3 year supply project is
set for 1979.
The specific means through which Brunswick County will make connection
to this Regional supply system when constructed are uncertain at the present
•
time. in all likelihood the county (or the LCFWSA) will find it necessary
to construct high volume water mains to transport the raw water to existing

IV-23
? distribution systems as well as Facilities to troilL tlii:, raw water before
use. The location, capacities or time frame for llic construction of these •
facilities have yet to be determined. However, the county has indicated its
intent to contract with the I.CFWSA for the purchase: of 10 million gallons
per day upon completion of the supply system.
The two phase water system currently being constructed by Brunswick
County (which will be discussed in the following pages) has been designed
for eventual connection with the Regional surface water supply system.
\ Several funding sources for the construction of the county distribution
system have actually required ultimate connection with this Regional system.
As indicated above, the reliability and quality of ground water
supplies over an indefinite period of time are seriously questionable.
The county system being constructed has been designed to rely entirely (out
the outset) on ground water resources. Due to the questionable dependability
of ground water sources and the steadily growing demand for water by both
residential and industrial users in Brunswick County, it is essential that
the more permanent (surface) source of water supply be developed as soon as
possible.
Incorporated Municipalities:
1) Bolivia Water System - The Town of Bolivia is presently
in the process of applying for funding to f inane* e•:• p an-
sion of their existing water system. The Town's system
presently consists of one well and pump, a 60,000 yal-
lon elevated storage tank and a limited capacity distri-
bution system. Plans which have been initially developed
for the system expansion provide for the development of
an additional well and pump (as a "back up") and •

IV-24
• some extension of L�xisti_ny distribution lines. presently
there is also a possibility that the Bolivia Water System
will be extended to supply water to the proposed new county
government office complex which will be located approximate-
ly one mile southwest of Bolivia on U.S. highway 17. It
is uncertain as to whether the extension of distribution
lines to the new county office site will be included as a
part of this other proposed expansion. As funding for the
proposed project is still being sought, it is impossible to
project a date for completion of this.expansion.
2) Calabash Municipal Water System - Preliminary engineering
reports have been developed for the construction of a
proposed municipal water system to serve the Town of Calabash.
This planned system will consist entirely of a water distri-
bution system which has been initially designed to procure
v ys,-e- ni anned for
treated water from the County Phase Ii �Y��••
construction in that area of the County. The Calabash sys-
tem will not include -any storage facilities, as adequate
storage has been designed.as a part of Phase II.
The Calabash System has been designed to distribute
approximately 78,000 g.p.d. to residences and commercial es-
tablishments. Restaurants which comprise the majority of the
Town's commercial interest will be the primary consumer for
this system.
As the finalized engineering studies have not been com-
pleted for the Calabash system, it is impossible at present
• to set a date by which this system will be placed into opera-
tion. It has been proposed that the Calabash Municipal

IV-25
Water System be scheduled for completion simultaneously •
with the completion of the Calabash - Sunset Beach portion
of Phase II.
u

SECTION V
LOCALLY ADOPTED LAND USE RELATED ORDINANCES
AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT IN THE
COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT ACT PLANNING JURISDICTION
'OF THE IIRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
1% .
PREPARED BY
BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
NOVEMBER, 1975
•

V-1
Locally Adopted land USO Related Ordinances acid Their Enforce-
ment in the Coastal Area Management Act Planninq Jurisdiction of
the Brunswick County Planning Department.
The land use related ordinances presently being enforced in the
unincorporated areas of Brunswick County and in the Towns which are
in the Coastal Area Management Act planning jurisdiction of the
county planning department consist of: 1) zoning ordinances;
2) subdivision ordinances; 3) building codes;'4) septic tank
regulations; 5) a sand dune protection ordinance and 6) a buil-
ding registration ordinance. The table on the following page sum-
marizes these ordinances as they apply to the appropriate jurisdic-
tions. The following discussion will consider each jurisdiction
individually examining land use related regulations as they apply.
It should be noted that although a number of ordinances have
been adopted by the various jurisdictions in the County, for the most
part little attention has been given to the enforcement of these regu-
lations. As will be indicated below, many of these ordinances are
enforced by Fart -time personnel or are not enforced at all. This
absence of well developed enforcement mechanisms is primarily due
to the small size of the jurisdictions and the limited resources
that may be available for such activities. During the implementation
phases of this present planning process a coordinated enforcement
mechanism among jurisdictions should certainly be considered and
evaluated.
Lack of coordination is also a problem among the various locally
adopted land use related regulations. As no adopted land use
40 exist in these jurisdictions, there exists no real basis for the
coordination of ordinances. Following the adoption of finalized
I •

LOCALLY ADOPTED LAND USE RELT=D ORDINANCES IN THE C . A . M . A .
PLANNING JURISDICTION OF THE BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPART?E?.T
JURISDICTION
ZONING
SUBDIVISION
REGUALTIONS
BUILDING CODES
SEPTIC TANK
REGULATIONS
SAND DUNE
PROTECTION
ORDINANCE
BUILDING
REGISTRATION
ORDINANCE
ADOPTED LAND
USE PLAT:
BRf_NSWICK
�)t°.
NO
YES
ELECTP ICAL HEATIN:
All' :D AIR CONDITION -
-wir �r r• •T> r"r
VFC
YES
YES
lor)
NO
NO
YES
N/A
NO
NO
s
_ SPDIIG
LAKES
YES
NO
Bi , LDING, PLi. MB-
ING ELECTRICAL
HOUtl p�� Oy�UPAN�Y
vac
n
�n
CAT ;BASH
NO
NO
NO
YES
N/A
NO
NO
OC::AN ISLE
BEACH
YES
YES
BUILDING, PLUMB —
ING, ELECTRICAL
YES
YES
NO
''C
SHADY FOREST
YES
NO
NO
YES
N/A
NO
NO
a
SHAUL0TTE
YES
YES
BUILDING, ELECTRI
CAL, HOUSING
PLUMP INC,
YES
N/A
NO
\0
-- POti BEACH
?
YES
YES
BUILDING, FIRE,
PLU^'BiNG,
ELEC"'DICAL
YES
YES
NO

v-2
land use plans prepared under C.A.M.A., the implementation phase will
00 certainly need to address the issue of coordinating regulations.
..00,
Brunswick County (Unincorporated Areas)
Zoning: At the present time there is no zoning ordinance being
enforced in the unincorporated areas of the County.
Subdivision Ordinance: The County is currently enforcing a
subdivision ordinance which applies in all of the unincorporated
areas of the County. This ordinance is essentially a registration
ordinance for"new divisions of land, and it requires approval of these
divisions by the County Planning Board. The subdivision ordinance
contains no design criteria for the approval or disapproval of
new divisions. Preliminary plats must be submitted to the County
Planning Board with street and drainage plans (reviewed by the District
Engineer N.C.D.O.T.), utility plans (generaly septic tanks) approved
by the County Health Department and soils information (or a state-
ment from the District Engineer, S.C.S. that no soils information
is available). Approval of the preliminary plat by the County Plan-
ning Board is required before submission of a final plat. If the
final Plat contains all of the information required in the ordinance
it is in order for approval and recordation by the Register of Deeds.
The County Subdivision ordinance is administered by the Bruns-
wick County Planning Department on a full time basis. Enforcement
of the Subdivision ordinance is provided through the County Register
of Deeds.
Building Codes: Three portions of the North Carolina State
Building Code are being enforced presently in Brunswick County.
• These are the Electrical, Plumbing and Heating and Air Conditioning
codes.
•

V-3
Electrical inspection: All i.ii:Stal.lat..ions of electrical wiring
'� •
i
and fixtures are required by ordinance to comply with the North
Carolina Electrical Code. Three electrical inspectors have been
appointed by the Brunswick County Commissioners. These inspectors
work on a part time basis receiving the inspection fee as compensation.
Certification of electrical inspection is required prior to coii-
necting a newly erected structure to electrical service.
Heating and Air Conditioning Inspection: All heating and air
conditioning installationsin the unincorporated areas of the County
are required by ordinance to meet the specifications of the State
Building Code as it applies to heating and air conditioningone
heating and air conditioning inspector has been appointed by the
County Commissioners. This inspector also works on a part time
basis with inspection fees as compensation. No program for the com-
prehensive enforcement of the heating and air conditioning code has
been established, and inspections are made essentially as requested
by persons making installations.
Plumbing Inspection: The Brunswick County Health Department
is currently enforcing the Plumbing Code of the North Carolina State
Building Code. Enforcement is primarily limited to.one inspection
of plumbinc installations when building construction is approximately
90% complete. A more rigorous program of inspection and enforce-
ment is impractical due to inadequate manpower to carry out these
activities. `rhe location of new plumbing installations are determined
when the required inspection of septic tanks is made. Plumbing in-
spections of F.H.A. and V.A. financed homes are not made by the
Health Department as plumbing inspections are required and made by •
these two federal agencies.

V-4
• Septic Tillllc Itc,clulations : In aceordancu wi Lll a resolution
adopted by the Brunswick County Board of health, all installations
of septic tanks in both the unincorporated and incorporated areas
of the County must be approved by the County Health Department.
These septic tank regulations set forth standards for the locations
of septic tanks with respect to soil percolation ability and the
ground water table as well as the location of septic tanks with
relation to water supplies, streams, lakes, building foundations,
etc. The location specifications apply not only to the actual septic
tank itself but also to the installation of nitrification lines.
In addition to location requirements, construction specifications
are provided for minimum sizes of both septic tanks and nitrification
lines in relation to the number of bedrooms in residential structures.
The County Health Department employs three sanitarians who are re-
sponsible for the enforcement of these septic tanks regulations.
As mentioned above, the County septic tank regulations do apply through-
out the entire county including incorporated Towns as well as the
unincorporated areas.
Sand Dune Protection Ordinance: The Brunswick County Commissioners
have adopted the "Sand Dune Protection Ordinance of Brunswick County"
tae purpose of which is" ... to preserve and promote the protection
of the outer banks of Brunswick County ...". The areas in which
this ordinance applies includes all of the "barrier" islands on the
southern boundary of the county including the Towns of Sunset Beach,
Ocean Isle Beach, Holden Beach, Long Beach, Yaupon Beach and Caswell
Beach as well as Bald It Island, Battery Island, Striking Island
•
and Bird Island.
i

V-5
Under this ordinance a Kermit is required in order" ... to
damage', destroy or remove any sand dune or part Lhereof ... or to
kill, destroy or remove any trees, shrubbery, or other vegetation
growing on said dunes ...". These permits are issued by the
County Shoreline Protection Officer who is employed by the County
on a full time basis. Permits will not be issued" ... unless said
action will not materially weaken the dune or reduce its effective-
ness as a means of protection from the effects of high wind and
water ...". As indicated, this ordinance applies in both incorpo
rated municipalities as well as unincorporated areas of the County.
Building Registration Ordinance: Brunswick County has adopted
and is presently enforcing a Building Registration Ordinance which
applies in all of the unincorporated areas of the County. This ordi-
nance;requires a registration permit for any building construction
which has a total cost exceeding $1,000.00.
In order to acquire a building registration permit, an applica-
•
tion must be completed and filed with one of the County Building Rogis-
tration Officials. This application must include_ a sketch plan of
the proposed construction and a sewerage disposal improvement permit
issued by the County health Department. The first floor elevation
of any structure proposed for construction in a flood hazard areas
must be provided with the required sketch plan. The ordinance also
sets specific construction standards for buildings planned.for loca-
tion in Flood Hazard Areas.
Two Building Registration Officials have been appointed by the
County Commissioners. These individuals serve in this capacity on
a part time basis in addition to their regular duties in other posi- •
tions (Tax Supervisor and Shoreline Protection Officer). Although

V-6
provisions exist in the ordinance addressing violations of these
• requirements (i.e. work stop order, revocation of permit) no system
has been established for the comprehensive enforcement of the Buil-
ding Registration Ordinance. Prior to occupying a building for
which a permit has been required, one of the Building Registration
Officials must issue a certificate of compliance.
Land Use Plans: At the present time, no adopted land use plan
is being P
ein implemented in Brunswick County. A Sketch Development Plan
for the County was however prepared by the North Carolina Department
of Local Affairs, Division of Community Planning in 1970.
Bolivia (Incorporated Area)
There are no land use related ordinances adopted and enforced in.
the corporate area of Bolivia other than those previously mentioned
which are enforced throughout the County.
Boiling Spring Lakes (Inco rated Area)
Zoning - The Town of Boiling Spring Lakes has recently (November,
1975) adopted a zoning ordinance and map which applies throughout
This ordinance will be administered
the corporate area of the Town.
by the part-time building inspector employed by
the Town.
Subdivision Ordinance - There is no adopted subdivision ordinance
being enforced in Boiling Spring Lakes.
Building Codes: Three portions of the North Carolina State Buil-
ding Codes are being enforced. -presently in Boiling Spring Lakes.
ion (Building) code, the electrical and
These are the General Construct
plumbing codes. The Town employs one inspector on a part time basis
• to administer and enforce all of these building code elements. An
occupancy permit is required by the Town before a newly erected struc-
ture may be occupied.

V-7
The Town has adopted the State }lousiny Code set t_ing 1ni.nimum
standards for existing residential structures. As with the above
mentioned codes, the same part-time inspector is also enforcing the
housing code.
Land Use Plans: At the present time, no adopted land use plan
is being implemented in the Town of Boiling Spri.ny Lakes.
Calabash (Incorporated Area).
There are no land use related ordinances adopted and enforced
within the corporate area of Calabash other than those previously
mentioned which are enforced throughout the County.
Ocean Isle Beach (Incorporated Area)
Zoning - The Town of Ocean Isle'Beach has an adopted zoning
ordinance and map which applies throughout the corporate area of the
•
Town. This ordinance is administered by the Town's building inspector
on a part time basis, and no building permit may be issued for pro-
posed construction that is not in accordance with the zoning ordinance
and map.
The zoning ordinance designates the Town Board of Commissioners
as the Board of Adjustment and establishes a Planning and Zoning
Committee whice advises the Town Board "... on matters of adminis-
trative review and granting of conditional uses ...". Relief from
a particular zoning classification is provided for by either a condi-
tional use permit or an amendment to the zoning ordinance and map.
Subdivision Ordinance - The Town of Ocean Isle Beach adopted a
subdivision ordinance on June 5, 1975 which applies throughout the
corporate area of the Town. This ordinance essentially establishes •
a procedure for the registration of newly divided parcels of land.
The ordinance contains no design criterion for the approval or dis-
c «

V-3
approval of SubdiVi.SiOl'S. Preliminary plats must be submitted to
!• the Town Board of Commissioners with street drainage plans, utility
../
plans andsoilsinformation (or review by the district conservationist
of the S.C.S.). The proposed division must meet minimum health
standards for sewerage disposal (generally septic tanks) as set forth
Following approval of the preliminary
by the County Health Department.
plat, the final plat must be approved and signed by mayor. The
Town Clerk is responsible for the administration of the subdivision
ordinance as a collateral duty.
Building Codes:. Three portions of the North Carolina State
Building Code are being enforced presently in ocean Isle Beach.
These are the Construction (Building) code, electrical code and
plumbing code.
The building code is administered by the Town Building
"ool Inspector who works part time on a voluntary basis. Initial
inspections are made prior to the issuance of a building permit
and follow-up inspections are made to insure compliance with the
State code.
The electrical code is enforced by the County Electrical
Inspectors in the same manner as it is in the unincorporated areas
of the County.
The plumbing code is enforced by the County Health Department
in the same manner as it is in the unincorporated areas of the
County.
Land Use Plans: At the present time no adopted land use
plan is being implemented in the Town of Ocean Isle Beach.
•
J
w

V-9
Shady Forest Incorporate,' r.rea
There are no land use related ordinances adopted find enforced
in the corporate area of Shady Forest other than those previously
mentioned which are enforced throughout the Country.
Shallotte Incorporated Area
Zoning - The Town of Shallotte has adopted and is enforcing
a zoning ordinance and map throughout the corporate area of the
Town. The zoning ordinance is administered by the Town's Building
Inspector on a part-time basis as a part of the building inspection
process. No building permit can be issued for proposed construction
that is not in accordance with the designated zoning classification
for its specific location.
Relief from a particular zoning classification is provided for
only through application for a rezoning which must be acted upon by
the Town Council.
Subdivision Ordinance - The Town of Shallotte adopted a
subdivision ordinance on April 16, 1975 which applies throughout
•
the"corporate area of the Town. This ordinance essentially establishes
a procedure for the registration of newly divided parcels of land.
The ordinance contains no design criteria for the approval or
disapproval of subdivisions. Preliminary plats are submitted to
the Town Council with street drainage plans, utility plans and
soils information (or review by the district conservationist of
the S.C.S.). The proposed division must meet minimum health
standards for sewerage disposal (generally septic tanks) as set
forth by the County Health Department. Following approval of
the preliminary plat, the final plat must be approved and signed
by the Mayor. The Town Clerk is responsible for the administration
of the subdivision ordinance as a collateral duty.
•

V-10
Bui.ldinq Codes: Four portions of the No rt.h Carolina State
Building Code are being enforced presently in the 'Town of Shallotte.
These are the General Construction (Building) Code, Ilectrical. Code,
Plumbing Code and the Housing Code.
One building inspector has been appointed by the Town Council
and works on a part-time basis receiving one half of the inspection
fees collected as compensation. The building inspector enforces
the general construction.code issuing building permits and making
inspections insuring that the construction is in accordance with
the standards of the State Code. The building inspector is also
responsible for enforcement of the minimum housing code although
no program has been established providing comprehensive enforcement
throughout the Town.
The electrical code is enforced by the County electrical
inspectors in the same manner as it is in the unincorporated areas of
the County.
The plumbing code is enforced by the County Health Department
in the same manner as it is in the unincorporated areas of the
County.
Land Use Plans: At the present time no adopted land use plan
is being implemented in the Town of Shallotte.
Yau on Beach Incorporated Area
Zoning - The Yaupon Beach Town Council adopted a zoning
ordinance and map in April, 1974 that applies throughout the
corporate boundaries of the Town. The ordinance establishes the
position of zoning administrator for the administration of the
• ordinance. The position of zoning administrator- is however at
the present time vacant. Enforcement is provided primarily through
the withholding of building permits for proposed construction that
does not c()jt►ply with the zoning ordinance. .,

LTD II
The zoning ordinance provi.des for the est,jhIi.shment of a Board •
of Adjustment to be appointed by the 'Pow" COullci 1. 'I'll` Board of
Adjustment acts to interpret the zoning ordinance and also to
oe consider applications for special exceptions and variances to the
ordinance. Changes in a particular zoning classification are
provided for through procedure for application to the 'Town Council
for an amendment to the zoning ordinance and map.
Subdivision Ordinance - The Town of Yaupon Beach adopted a
subdivision ordinance in February, 1974 which again applies
throughout the corporate area of the Town. This ordinance
requires the pref:ar.-�ti.on of. both preliminary grid final plats
which both must be reviewed by the Town Planning Board and
recommended to the Town Board of Commissioners. The final
plat approval is required of the Town Board of Commissioners.
Criteria for approval set forth in the ordinance includes
required improvements to be provided by the developer (water
lines and street preparation and paving) and compliance with
Town plans. Enforcement of the ordinance is provided through
the County Register of Deeds. No plat for a new division of
land in Yaupon Beach (requiring approval under the ordinance)
may be recorded until approved by the Town Board of Commissioners.
Building Codes - The Town of Yaupon Beach is presently
enforcing three portions of the State Building Code including
the General Construction (Building) code, the plumbing code and
the electrical code. The Town Board of Commissioners has appointed
a building inspector who works entirely on a voluntary basis.
The Town building inspector enforces the Building Code and is •
responsible for the issuing of building permits and performing
inspections to insure compatability of construction with the code.

v-12
• 1,110 electrical code is enforced by t=he ('c.>unh.y electrical
../ inspectors in the same manner as it is in tale unincorporated areas
of the County.
The plumbing code is enforced by the County Health Department
in the same manner as it is in the unincorporated areas of the
County.
Land Use Plan: At the present time no adopted land use plan
is being enforced in the Town of Yaupon Beach.
U

SECTION VI
GENERAL SOIL CONDITIONS
IN BRUNSWICK COUNTY
PREPARED BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY
AUGUST , 1975
PLANNING DEPARTMENT

VI-1
Soil Suitability Analysis
• Introduction
This is an analysis of the general suitability of Brunswick County's
soils for use as future sites for development or as productive agricul-
tural and forested lands. All of the county's soils are classified
as either having some resource potential or as having physical limita-
tions for future development. This analysis uses a general site map
of the county and locates those soil assocations with natural proper-
ties well suited for agricultural production and development or those
not well suited. The central part of the analysis discusses each as- `
socation and it's interpretation, while the appendix contains maps of
the specific limitations. The analysis is essentially a guide and aid
in the preparation of a land classification map. The maps and analysis
are useful guides in managing watersheds, large wooded tracts, and
designating general agricultural areas or it can be used in planning
engineering works, recreational facilities and community projects.
This is not a suitable analysis for planning and management of a specific
farm, field, or selecting exact locations for building roads etcj be-
cause the soils in any one assocation ordinarily differ in slope, drain-
age, depth and other characteristics that could affect their management.
The "General Soil Map of Brunswick County" and New -Hanover County's
completed" S.C.S. Soil Survey were both used to develope the soil analy-
sis sections for each association The soil productive areas were iden-
tified by following certain established criteria. Agricultural lands
were mapped according to capability class ratings from the S.C.S which'
is explained in the appendix. Productive forest lands were separated
• according to the site index of the associations with only those of 80
or above being mapped. Loblolly pine was used as the reference species
and it is also explained in the appendix.

Soil Associations with Development Limitations
I it
VI-2
I. The Portsmouth, Johnston, Rutlege, Association is made up of very poorly drained •
soils found mainly in the green swamp vicinity. It has thick surface soils up to
'. 36 inches in depth, containing a high content of organic'matter which lies over grey
sandy looms to sany clay loams. The water table is at or near the surface more than
six months out of the year and -flooding is prevalent about 60% of the time. This asso-
': ciation is low in natural fertility and is very strongly acid with a ph of 4.5 to 5.5.
The farming potential is poor with a capability class rating of VII and economical forest
: conditions, even though some of the area has
operations are limited by the poor drainage
a good site index above 80. There are 98,000 acres of land in this association encompassing `
17.591of the county's total acreage.
II. The Rutlege, Mucks, Leon Association has poor drainage qualities and a high water
table more than 6 months each year. The ponding is caused by weakly cemented sand pans
sou'
15 to 30 inches below the black organic surface soils which also have)percolation r2L S,
However below the sandy to mucky loam surface soils there exists very sandy subsoils which
-exhibit fast percolation rates of over 6.3 inches/hr. This condition can result in
septic tanks seepage problems by causing contamination to nearby water sources, including
.r., private water wells.
The fertility of these soils are low with some of the area being very acidic. The
V and lower with limitations on types of crops, that can be
farming capability class is
economically grown. The site index average 65-70 not making it very suitable for forest
production. These muck.. -areas are dominantly within the oval shaped "Carolina Bays" which
are surrounded by the Rutlege and Leon soils. Approximately 84,120 dcY&3,or 15.1% of the
t.,.county is in this association.
III. The Bibb, Johnston, Lumbee, Association is made up of alluvial soils caused by over
flow and flooding from streams, creeks, rivers, and bays. This mapping unit is essenti.
ly the counties major flood plain area which is subject to overflow, ponding and flooding

VI-3
7 days to 6 months each year. This association has gray to dark gray fine sandy loam
10*rface soils with sandy clay loam subsoils. The soils are -fairly high in organic mat-
ter and nutrient content with a capability class rating of IV, however there are severe
limitations calling for necessary conservation practices. This soil type has a good
site index of 90 but the consistantly high water table Wit4 results of severe erosion
and mechanical logging limitations. Approximately 26,000 acres are in this association
r comprising 4.7 % of the county.
IV. The Marshland Association is made up of both fresh water marshland soils and tidal
floodplain soils. This association has very dark gray or black clay loam surface soils
about 18 inches thick and consists of a mixture of silts, clays and organic matter accu-
mulation. The subsurface horizons are black to very dark gray silty clay loams and silty
clays which are soft or sticky containing 10-15% organic matter with a strong sulfide
l to alkaline, but contains a high concentration of
odor. The soil reaction is neutra
salts.
ating of VIII for agricultural production and
This association has capability class r
no site index ratings. It includes all the tidal floodplaina between the coastal dune
sands joining the ocean and the uplands along the Cape Fear River. Approximately 3.1%
of the county is in marshland comprising 17,800 acres.
gently sloping excessively
V. The Coastal Beach -Dune Sand Association consists of g Y P. g
These areas
drained sands on dunes commonly near beaches and waterways along the coast.
y'extend along the southern edge of the county from Bald Read to the South Carolina border.
' This association is made up of about 50% Coastal Beach sands and 50% Sand Dune materials.
on top about 2.5" thick with underlying fine
The profile has this grayish windblown sand
san
ds reaching depths over 72 inches. The permeability rate is very rapid(greater than
20 inches per hour) with the water table lying more than six feet below the surface except
�..
in the lower lying parts where it is affected by the daily tides. It has moderate iuuta-
•for functional septic systems but is severe for foundations because of the lack of
tions
stability furnished from the sands.

VI-4
in Brunswick County exist 18-20 inches below the soil surface and are formed by the
leaching of undissolved organics. These organic materials are partially decomposed
soak downhrowg th the sands to combine with the mineral soil which bonds the materia
lo
and c
with aluminum and silicon oxides.
In dry conditions the organics are burned off by bacteria,but during moist
seasons or wet years the accumulated organics on the surface are leached down through
the subsoils to form this impervious strata. In certain sections of the county, there
may not be just one stain layer but many, and these cdlbeintermixed with the very water -
repellant hard pans at variable soil depths. A general rule of thumb used to locate
the presence of a pan or stain layer is to examine its coloration. Well drained soils `
will have a yellow to orange appearance because iron is oxidized out of the water as
it filters down through the surface and subsurface soils. In areas where an impervious
layer may exist the soils will appear to have more gray in its physical coloration.
Areas of the county that have black soil indicate extremely high water tables because
the ponding does not allow bacteria to respirate and deomipose the accumulated plant
materials.
Circumstantial Mistakes:
It is all too easy to attempt to point the blame for the failure of septic tanks at
individuals such as the builler, the septic tank installer, the Health Department
Official,
othcr
the hone•owner, or scmtState or Iocal Official. it is true that all of these poeple
may make mistakes fran time to time which can result in a septic tank failure, but they
are done in an unconsciouS manner; - .
Brunswick County is in such a predicament.because it is growing very fast and more demands
are placed on the septic tank regulation entities. With this additional pressure for
growth, the following errors are cannonly made:
(1) Lots with high water tables which should have never been approved by the local Health
Department and the soil scientists are approved, because the lot was inspected during
the dry seasons.
(2) Percolation tests which are not done prcperly because of limits on time and man Powerj
are the beginnings of septic failures..

VI-5
EKMV,es of this situation are not enough percolation test points and test holes which
Powere not saturated the day before readings are made. Most of these shortcuts are used
only where work loads increase and result in the improper analysis of the proposed
building lot.
(3) If this percolation rate is in error then the design of the septic system is in
error also. Usually this results in a waste water absorption system that is too small
for the moist conditions that actually exist. In addition, many of the systems are
placed too deep and the drainage lines become flooded from a rising water table.
M' small lot size is another variable that restricts the effectiveness of a septic
tank filter field by demanding smaller absorption field areas so the drainage system
can stay within the boundary of the lot. A mi.ni.num lot size ordinance in Brunswick
iAy Ao
county wouldhalleviate this cam m problem and take pressures off the persons involved
with regulation.
Septic tank system installation is a very important business to insure a functioning
system. It is necessary to dig to the correct depth, place in the right drain tile,
with the proper grade, on top of the most efficient filter gravel in the absorption
trench, to match the individual site needs. All to often one of these important variables
is overlooked.
(6) Finally maintenance and proper operation of the finished septic tank system by the
home owners or occupants is a most inportant variable to insure a functioning "healthy"
system. Too often the wrong chemicals and objects are flushed into the tanks and too
heavy of an overload is placed on the capacity of the filter fields to absorb the waste
waters. When waste input exceeds design capacity output, like in the beach areas during
h..�..,
summer visitation, the system beoanes worthless. Also chemicals and grease may be
• placed into -the tank which may kill or overload the digestion capabilities of the bacteria.

VI-6
SOIL CONDITIONS
This section of the report groups together various soils associ- •
ations having similar soil properties and thus interpretestheir natural
soil condition as having either resource potential or specific develop-
ment limitations. Such interpretations encompass certain established
tests to each soils physical and chemical properties. They are as fol-
lows:
1) Soil Horizons - depth in inches of the major soil strata
from surface to subsurface soils. This is used to determine
relative depth to water table and the soils chemical proper-
ties.
2) Texture - based on the relative amounts of sand, silt, and
clay in a soil, giving rise to textured classes such as sand,
sandy loam, loam, clay loam, and clay.
3) Particles Size - based on the single soil unit and relates -
to shrink - swell potential, plasticity, and bearing capacity
4). Permeability - that quality of a soil that permits the move-
ment of water and air. Estimates of the range of permeability
is the rate of time it takes for downward movement of water
iN the major soil layers when saturated, but allowed to drain
freely.
5) Soil Structure - the arrangement and compaction of individual
soil particles into the basic soil building blocks.
6) Available Water Capacity - the ability of soils to retain
water for plant use.
7) Soil Reaction or -PH - the degree of acidity or alkalinity of
a soil. 0

VI-7
8) Organic Matter - The amount of dead plant materials accumu-
lating on the surface soils.
9) Agricultural Productive Lands - Capability classes show in
a general way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of
field crops. The groups are made according to the limita-
tions of the soils when used, and the way they respond to
treatment. Out of seven capability classes only I, II, III,
were used. The last class having reduction of choice of
plants and the need of some conservation practices.
10) Forest Productive Lands - this interpretation used the best
available information on site index which is the average
height of the dominant tree at age 50. It also takes into
consideration woodland management problems such as erosion
hazard measures, equipment limitations which are needed for
economical production and seedling mortality ratings.
The use of septic tanks filter fields in defining soil suitability
takes into consideration a functional properly operating system. This
is a subsurface system of tile or perforated pipe that distributes ef-
fluent from a septic tank into natural soil. The soil material from
a depth of 18 inches to 6 feet is evaluated. The soil properties
considered are those that effect both absorption of effluent and con-
struction and operation of the system. Properties that effect absorp-
tion are permeability, depth to water table and susceptibility to
flooding.
The use of bearing capacity,as used in this report relates to the
ability of a three story residential building to be supported by foun-
dation -footings in an undisturbed soil. Properties that can support a

VI-8
,.� load without settlement are wetness, susceptibility to flooding, den-
sity of soil under compaction, plasticity, texture, and shrink -swell
potential. These ratings are for dwellings without basements.
Corrosivity is another factor in deciding the general suitability
a soil will be for development. Corrosion of uncoated steel pipe is
a physical-bio chemical process converting iron into ions. The rate
of corrosion is caused by soil moisture, soluble salts, total acidity,
drainage and soil texture. Corrosion of concrete is caused by a
chemical reaction between concrete ( a base) and the soil solution
(potential weaK acid). Some of the soil properties that affect the
rate of deterioration are soil texture, acidity, and the amount of
sodium or magnesium present in the soil singly or in combination.
The presence of sodium chloride, sea water, is the single most cor-
rosive agent in Brunswick County. Brackish water contains sulphates
which is one of the principal corrosive agents.
.Maps one through four show graphically those sections of the
county which could experience certain limitations for development and
those areas that are productive lands.
Map 1 - shows those land with no limitations for development.
These areas can handle a functional septic system and
building foundations with out worries of shifting and cor-
rosion. These soils can take development better than other
soils in the county.
Map 2 - shows productive agricultural lands and productive forest
lands. In the natural state these soils can produce the
highest quality and quantity of Agricultural Crops and forest
resource
s. Generally these soils are best suited to the gro
wing of timber and farm crops within Brunswick County.

VI-9
(Ag. Lands - Lynchburg and Bladen Associations; Forestry
Lands - Lakeland, Lynchburg, Bladen and Leon Associations)
Map 3 - divides up the county into those areas which have speci-
fic limitations for development. One set of soil associationS
has restrictions for both septic tanks and bearing capacity.
Other lands have limitations for functional septic tank sys-
tems, while still other soils have restrictions on Bearing
strength for building foundations. (septic - Portsmouth,
Rutledge, Bibb, Marshland, Leon Association; Strength- Coastal
Beach Assocation).
Map 4 - shows those soils which can r-ause a problem of corrosion
to foundation materials whether they be concrete or metal.
The other subsection shows those lands which are most likely
to have problems of contamination from septic tank seepage.
This usually occurs in soils with permeability rates greater
than 6.3 inches per hour. (Corrosion - Portsmouth, Rutlege,
Bibb, Marshland, Coastal Beach -Dune Sand Assocations; Seepage -
Coastal Beach and Rutlege Assocations).
0

• VI-10
In low population density areas the water quality is not affected.. After the density is
reached where the land can't effectively assimilate it in the natural state, then 'any •
increased development results in contamination of water supplies.
pply for human consumption is contaminated by septic
Often times, before a water su
tank seepage, marine organisms are affected. Up to a certain point, which varies
depending on the species, this diminution in water quality can be tolerated by these
creatures which dwell in our coastal waters. When this tolerance level is exceeded,.
the different marine species either die off or become unfitfor human consumption.
The four major elements of our society that are mainly responsible for the
closing of once productive shellfish areas in Brunswick County are:
(1) improperly functioning septic tanks;
(2) boats flushing toilets into estuarine waters;
(3) runoff from many small cattle and swine producing farms adjacent to our
estuaries; and
(4) overload and malfunction of municipal sewage treatment plants adjacent to
Brunswick County.
Basically the septic tank issue boils down to be a difficult public policy question.
These decisions involve determining whether to limit further increases in density, to put
• money and energy into the system to provide alternative methods of waste disposal, or to
tolerate the diminution in water quality as an acceptable "cost" of further development.
If neither one of the first two choices is made, then the third alternative is chosen by
default. In any event at some point density must be regulated or public health problems
will become the end result.
0

SOIL INTERPRETATIONS
DEGREE OF LIMITATION FOR SELECTED NON-AGRICULTURAL USES
Brunswick County - North Carolina
Dwellin s with
RECREATION
SOIL ASSOCIATIONS
% in
ASSOC.
Light
Industries
Traffiways
Community
Sewerage
Septic Tank
Filter Fields
Campsites
Picnic Areas
Intensive
Play Areas
G
Systems
LAKELAND - REMINI -
WAGRAM
(19.2% of County)
Lakeland -
60%
slight
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate (2)(6)
Moderate
Slikht
Slitht
Moderate (7)
Severe (7)
Moderate (6)
Moderate (7)
(1) (7)
2 4 6
2 4
Severe (7)
Severe (7)
----------
--------------
---------
------------
------ -- ----------------------------------------------
--------------
-------------------
Rimini
20%
Slight
Moderate (1)
Moderate•(3)(4)
Moderate (3)(4)
Severe(3)(4)
Slight
Slight
Wagrm
10%
Slight
Slight
Sli t
Moderate (2)
Moderate (2)
Slight
Slight,
Moderate(6) (
Moderate (6)
C�
LINCIMRG - GOLDSBORO -
JOHNS
(16.4% of County)
Lynchburg
40%
Mod. Sev.(15)
Mod. Sev. (15)
Mod. Sev.
Mod. Sev.
Mod. Sev.
Mod. Sev.
Mod. Sev. (10)
(15) (2)
(15) (2)
(15) (2)
(15)
Goldsboro
--------------
25%
---------
Slight
---------------
Moderate (14)
---------------------
Slight
----------------
Slight
----------------
Slight
-------------
Slight
--------------
Moderate (10)
-------------------
Johns
15%
Moderate (15)
Mod. Sev. (15)
Moderate (2)
Moderate (2)
Moderate (2)
Moderate
Moderate (10)
(15) (12)
BLADEN - DUNBAR - CRAVEN
(8.77. of County)
Bladen 41% Severe (13)
Severe (13) (18)
Severe (3) (13) Severe (3) (13)
Severe (3)(13
Severe
Severe (9) (13)
-----------------------------------------
----------- ---------------------
----- -------------
-----------
(12) (13) (17
-------------
------------------
Dunbar 25% Moderate (15)
Mod. Sev.(15) (18)
Mod. Sev. Mod. Sev.
Mod. Sev.
Moderate (15)
Mod. Severe
(15) (2) (15) (2)
(15) (2)
(15) (10)
Craven 20% Moderate
Moderately Severe
Moderate Moderate
Moderate
Mod. Severe'
Severe
(17) (7)
(17) (18) (7)
2 19 (2) (19)
2 19
(17) (12)
(9) (19)
Severe
(7)
revere
7)
+t_
Eli
i 4
r.

SOIL INTERPRETATIONS Page 2
DEGREE OF LIMITATION FOR SELECTED NON- AGRICULTURAL USES
Brunswick County - North Carolina
Dwellings with
RECREATION
SOIL ASSOCIATIONS
% in
Light
Trafficways
Community
Septic Tank
Campsites
Picnic Areas
Intensive
ASSOC.
Sewerage
Filter Fields
Play Areas
Industries
S stems
LEON - RUTLEGE - PACTOLAS
(13.97. of County)
Leon
55%
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Moderate
---------------
-------
(13)
---------------
(13)
---------------------
(13) (3)
---------------
(13) (3)
----------------
(13) (3)
-------------
(12) (13)
----------------
(13)
--------------------
Rutlege
20%
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
-- -------- -----------------------------------------------------
(11)
(11) (1)
(11) (3)
-------- --------------------
(3) (11)
-----
(3) (11)
-------------
(11) (12)
---------------
(11)
--------------------
Pactolas
15%
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Slight
(14)
(14) (1)
(14) (2)
(14) (2)
(14) (2)
(14)
•
PORTSMOUTH - JOHNSTON -
RUTLEGE
(17.5% of County) .
Portsmouth
50%
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
---------------
-------
(11)
---------------
(11)
---------------------
(11) (3)
---------------
(11) (3)
----------------
(11) (3)
-------------
(11) (12)
-------------------------------------
(11)
Johnston
20%
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
---------------
------
(20) (11) -
---------------
(20) (11)
---------------------
(20) (11)
---------------
(20) (11)
----------------
(20) (11)
-------------
(20) (12) (11)
--------------
(20) (11)
--------------------
Rutlege
15T
Severe -
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
(11) (3)
(3) (11)
(3) (11)
(11) (12)
(11)
RUTLEGE - MUCK - LEON
(15.11 of County)
Rutlege
---------------
50%
--------
Severe
(11)
---------------
Severe
(11) (1)
---------------------
Severe
(11) (3)
---------------
Severe
(11) (3)
----------------
Severe
(3) (11)
-------------
Severe
(11) (12)
---------------
Severe
(11) ,
--------------------
Muck
20%
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
---------------
--------
(11)
---------------
(11)
---------------------
(11) (3)
---------------
(11) (3)
----------------
(11) (3)
-------------
(11) (12)
----------------
(11) (9)
--------------------
Leon
157.
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Moderate
(13)
(13)
(3) (13)
(3) (13)
(3) (13)
(13) (12)
(13)

IALAL %a L-
W,
Page 3
SOIL INTERPRETATIONS
DEGREE OF LIMITATION FOR SELECTED NON-AGRICULTURAL USES
Brunswick County - North Carolina
Well in
s with
RECREATION
SOIL ASSOCIATIONS
% in
Community
Septic Tank
Campsites
Picnic Areas
Intensive
Light
Trafficways
ASSOC.
Sewerage
Filter Fields
Play Areas
Industries
o
S stems
BIBB - LUMBEE - JOHNSTON
(4.7i; of County)
Bibb
40%
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
Severe
(20)
(20) (11)
(20) (3) (11)
(20) (3) (11)
(20) (3) (11)
(12) (20) (3)
(20) (11)
Lumbee
20%
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
-------------------
----
(13) (21)
------------
(13) (21)
-----------------
(3) (13)
----------r----
(3) (13)
-----------------
(3) (13)
-------------
(12) (13) (21)
-----------------
(13) (21)
-- ---------------
Johnston
20%
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
V. Severe
(20) (11)
(20) (11)
(20) (11)
(20) (11)
(20) (11)
(20) (12) (11)
(20) (11)
•
MARSH
(3.4% of County)
ALL-
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
(11) (22)
(11) (22)
(11) (22)
(11) (22)
(11) (22)
(11) (12) (22)
(11) (22) (9)
COASTAL BEACH S SAND DUNES
(1.1% of County)
ALL
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
(23)
(24) (23)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(12) (23)
(23)
I
I
�

0 0

AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRODUCTIVE
?RODUCTIVE FOREST LANDS
•
MAP 2
10 c A"
71 TA I
E �a
17 BRUNSWI - CK COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA

r_ These are ra :Qs. E. t,J3EiA- R�i1dZEltFi .LJV CH/i:�T VI-18
i, pormeabilit:y z~.-vte is atone than 6,30 inches per hour; percolation rate
is faster than 10 minutes per inch. Contc1U8tion to nearby water •
sources *nay exist,
2. Trafficsbility is fair.
3. Trafficability is poor to very poor, +
4, Low productivity due: to available water capacity,
5, A and B slope 0-6%
6, C slope 6-10%
7. D slope 10-15%
e. s slope 15-25%
9. Traffic supporting capacity is poor to very poor for OL, M, CH9 Ofi, PTA
10. Traffic supporting capacity is fair for soils.classified as HL, SC, CL.
11. Water treble at or near surface More than 6 months.
12. Corrosion., (Salt or other)
13. Water table at or near ground surface 3-6 months out of the year-
14. Water table within SO" of ground surface for i to 3 months,
15. Water table within 30" of the ground surface for more than 6 months and
within 15" of the ground surface for lass than 3 months out of the year,
16. permeability rate is .20-.63 inches per hour. Percolation rate is 95-300
minutes per inch*..
11. Potential voltma change of 4-6 shrinkage index 7-10.
18. Pesmesbility rate is less th= .20 inches per hour, (Percolation rote
slower than 300 minutes pnr inch.) '
19. Inherent erodibility is -try severe (K value over .40)
20. Flooding is more often than once every year for 7 days to more than 6 months.
21. Flooding is once in 1 to 5 years for 7-30 days.
22. _ Affected by tidal grater. •
23. Flooding is once in 5-20 years less than two days.,
r
f
r
i
' 24. Hater Table 30"-,60" continuouelg, -i
• ` �. �, r;.�.�:.. ,,.�r;H�., r ..,%,f �1gM,,�+�r�"t.,x�eP 71`�rn ,'$ :.�..'yL_•
�. -"w ` K'iMr w+'+�FA' E:�C'a• _ `x . y �������''•.v'�C . 7 . ;ti i •...Y'� I/a . y

VI-19
Constraints On Development
An analysis was made to determine the suitability for develop-
ment of all undeveloped lands in Brunswick County. This consisted
of three major mapping schemes which are as follows:
1) Soil limitations and productive lands;
2) Lands with severe restrictions for development; and
3) Land Suitability
These three schemes were analyzed and mapped, based upon the
best information available. The major purpose of this analysis was
to identify those areas in Brunswick County that have major constraints
on development and to better educate the public of these areas before
the Land Classification maps were drawn.
I. The first scheme deals with the general soil conditions in Bruns-
wick County and how the natural soil properties present certain
restricitions on development. It also breaks down the soil as-
sociations into productive Agricultural and Forestry lands which
have natural resource potentials. These soil conditions are
explained in a separate report (See General Soil Conditions In
Brunswick County).
II. The second scheme further breaks down the soil conditions into
those areas where septic tanks will not function and development
should not occur unless public sewer service is available. This
mapping unit combines those soil associations which are shallow
being poorly drained, and have relatively high water tables.
The other sections of this scheme shows those areas where
• septic tanks function but where deep sands have fast percolation
r-% rates causing contamination to nearby water wells. Since this pollu-

VI-20
tion problem has a high probability of occuring, development within
these areas should not occur unless either public water or sewer sys-
tems are available. Essentially these areas will be water quality
limited areas if present patterns of growth and development continues.
The other division illustrate lands within the county where no
development should be allowed. These include (a) coastal wetlands;
(b) ocean beaches;(c) frontal dunes and (d) coastal inlet lands.
III. The last analysis scheme deals with land suitability sholving
those areas where future growth should not be programmed to
occur because of various natural and man-made conditions. c
The first breakdown deals with fragile areas which could be
easily destroyed or damaged by inappropriate or poorly planned develop-
ment. These include:
1) Estuarine waters
2) Public trust waters
3) Coastal wetlands
4) Frontal dunes
5) Ocean beaches and shorelines
.6) Complex natural areas
7) Areas that sustain rare or endangered species
8) Wooded swamps and fresh water marshes
9) Other unique fragile lands
The second division identifies privately owned wildlife sanc-
tuaries and wildlife management areas. These are shown at Orton Plan-
tation and on Eagle Island. In both instances these privately owned
lands are leased to the North Carolina Wildlife Commission for water*
fowl and wildlife management programs.

VI-21
The third breakdown of.this scheme illustrates present and future
�• sources of public water supply. These areas are comprised of indi-
vidual p pp y' p
vidual water wells which supply public drinking water. The map
illustrates only the well locations and not spatial extent of their
well fields and individual watersheds. However, the principal ground-
water recharge area for the major public water supply aquifer has been
identified. This area recharges the Castle Hayne aquifer which is
made up of two or more geologic formations which surface in this re-
charge zone. (This location is preliminary at this time contingent
to present research studies).
The fourth division illustrates the.location of man-made hazards
and zones. Airports, tank storage facilities for flammable liquids
and gasses, hazardous industries, nuclear power plants and U.S. ammu-
nition storage are identified. Their location is mapped only,and not
the required or desired protective buffer area except for Sunny Point
U.S. Army Ocean Terminal which has Federal Regulations for controls
on land use around the ammunition storage and transport areas. Also
the Carolina.Power and Light Nuclear Plant was mapped only to it's
outer ownership boundaries.
The last division of this analysis identified natural hazard
areas. These consisted of those areas that have high rates of erosion
at the present and in the past and could be considered hazardous to
development and certain other land uses. They consist of '(1) ocean
erodible areas and (2) coastal inlet lands.
•

r
SEPTIC TANK PROBIEM AIDS
IN BRUNSWICK axw N
Prepared By
The Brtmswick County Plarm'M Department
March 1976
•
SECTION VII

VII-1
'• Introduction
A major factor influencing the health of individuals where public sewers are
not available is the proper disposal of human excreta. Many diseases, such as
dysentery, typhoid, infectious hepatitis, para-typhoid, and various types of
diarrhea are transmitted fran one person to another through the fecal contamination
of food and water, largely due to the improper disposal of human wastes. For this
reason, every effort should be made to prevent such hazards and to dispose of all
human waste so that no opportunity will exist for contamination of water or food.
Safe disposal of all human and domestic wastes is necessary to protect the
health of the individual and the ommunity and to prevent the occurence of a bad
public nuisance. Although "the two-holer" had a noteworthy and honorable place
in history the advancement of indoor plumbing has been the major "savior" of dis-
posing human wastes in a sanitary manner. In a non -urban area such as Brunswick
County the principal method used to handle such wastes is the septic tank- and filter
field. To accomplish satisfactory, sanitary results, such wastes must be disposed of
so that they meet the following criteria.
(1) They will not contaminate any drinking water supply.
(2) They will not give rise to a public health hazard by being accessible to
insects, rodents, or other possible carriers which may come into contact
with food or drinking water.
(3) They will not give rise to a public health hazard by being accessible to
children.
(4) They will not violate laws or regulations governing water pollution or
sewage disposal.
(5) They will not pollute or contaminate the waters of any bathing beach, shell-
fish breeding ground, or stream used for public or damastic water supply
purposes, or for recreational purposes.
(6) They will not give rise to a nuisance due to odor or unsightly appearance.
•

VI 1-2
be installed in institutions,
These.criteria can best be met by the discharge of domestic sewage to an adequate
� public or community sewerage system. Septic tanks and soil absorption trenches are •
generally considered by health authorities and the construction industry as an interim
solution for waste disposal in urban or semi - urban conditions. in other words, they
are used when a public sewage disposal system is non - existent or not immediately avail-
able. However, when the above criteria are met, and where soil and site conditions are
favorable, the septic tank system can be expected to give satisfactory service. Experience
has shown that adequate supervision, inspection and maintenance of all features of the
system are required to insure compliance in this respect.
The Problem:
The problem of malfunctioning septic tank systems is not just a local problem
within Brunswick County but is a statewide and nationwide problem as well. All too
often a septic tank system in a coastal county does not function properly and creates
an environmental problem in an otherwise healthful neighborhood. A study conducted by
the Brunswick County Planning Department has indicated that 54.6% of the county's total
land acreage has been judged to be unsuitable for conventional septic tank systems.'`
This percentage does not take into effect the spatial arrangement of development on the
better soils, but it does indicate a large number of soils which cause septic tank
failures. Failure will mean that either improperly treated sewage is being injected into
shallow ground waters of the area, or that sewage effluent appears on the ground surface
at sometime during the year to be washed into nearby surface waters with each subsequent
rain storm.
Almost all farms in Brunswick County have a conventional septic tank and filter
field system. Here the availability of large acreage and the absence of public facilities
renders the septic tank system the most logical and sound method for sewage disposal, and
it generally is an improvement of amenities over the pit privy.
buildings, and homes in rural areas with suitable acreage •
These systems may also
*,'General Soil Conditions in Brunswick County"

VI I 3
in this instance
and permeable soil. Again,nseptic tank systems may provide an adequate solution.
1 1• Problem areas arise within the county when septic tanks are found in suburban
like subdivisions with small lot sizes, with disturbed or impermeable soils, with
seasonally high water tables, and with associated high rates of water usage in the
home. In these circumstances the conventional septic tank system is just not well
suited for sewage disposal.
Natural Causes of Failures:
The most cannon cause of septic tank failures in Brunswick County is the installation
of septic tank systems in soils which have seasonally high water tables. In these areas
the lot receives a percolation test by the County Health Department Representative and if
the climatic corY3itions are such that the soils "perc" because of a seasonally low
water table4, the system is then designed according to the present condition and the
waste disposal system is installed. After same 'time, SepSowa.l changes cause the water
table to rise and the new system stops functioning.
Another cause of failure is from the presence of an impervious layer which reaches
a certain saturation point after a rain and retards the vertical movement of water.
These layers may be hardpans (clays), sandpans, and organic stain layers. The unique
situation ir4Brunswick County is the fact that these inpervi_ous layers are scattered
in a haphazard fashion and are somewhat unpredictable in determining their spatial
arrangement. Percolation test points are not a good indication of well drained soils
to be used for filter fields because the test point may easily miss one of these
layers.
Particularly the organic stain layeris adifficult soil structure to pin point
because of it's allusive nature caused by uneven organic decomposition. They present
a most difficult problem to Soil Scientists and Health Department personnel within
the county, to adequately predict where they can be found. Most stain layers
•

i VI 1-4
141 This as
has a pH of 6.6 - 7.8, but is not suitable for agricultural produc-
matter content. It is im
•
tion because of its low natural fertility, and lack of organic
th the very low awailable water capacity it is also a poor area
capability class VIII. Wi
site index rating for this association. Approximately
for
forest production. There is no
7,600 acres are in this classification encompassing 1.3% of the county.
e Leon Rutlege, Pactolus Association consists of very poorly drained, nearly level
VI. Th ,
+'soils on smooth uplands primarily around the Green Swamp area. The profile shows the
surface layer as being,a very dary gray sand about 3 inches thick over a light gray sand
layer 13 inches thick. Under this is a dark reddish brown weakly cemented hardpan sandy
layer about 22 inches thick. These pans restrict the normal water movement through the soil
and cause high water tables at or near the ground surface 3-6 months out of the year.
These soils are of such a nature that they are good for foundation support, but are poor
for the proper functioning of septic tank systems.
a pH of 4.0-5.5 and is low in natural fertility and or -
This soil is very acidic with
ability class rating of IV for 80% of the soil and VII
ganic matter content. It has a cap
er. The site index is 75 to 80, being juxt on the border line for econom
for the remaind
�.�.
in equip
;ti tc�
There are moderate limitations on the use of heavy ogg g
forest production.-
About 78,000 acres are in this
ment and it does have average seedling mortality rates.
;'...Y association comprising 13.9% of the county.
r Soils Best Suited for Development
�•The three associations that can handle development for the county are grouped together
These
r uncolored portions of the soil suitability map
and indicated as the plain white o.
areas are made up of the following three associations:
1) The Lakeland, Rimiui,. Wagram Association
2) The Lynchburg, Goldsboro, Johns Association
ssociation
3) The Bladen, Dunbar,Craven A

VII-5
Together they total 247,000 acres or approximately 44.3% of the county. All of
these soils are well suited for forest production with site indexes of over 80 and slight
limitations for economical management practices. However only the Lynchburg; and Bladen
associations are in the capability class of III or above making them productive agricul-
tural lands. The Lakeland association is in class IV and has more limitations on the
type of crops that can be grown economically without requiring more rigid conservation
practices.
Conclusion
Out of the County's total land acreage of 558,720 acres, the following breakdowns
resulted from the land suitability analysis:
Category
Acres
X of Total
1)
Soils with
Limitations for Functional
305,120•
54.6%
Septic Tank Systems
2)
Soils with
Limitations for the Adequate
233,520
41.8%
Support of
Building Foundations
3)
Soils Well
Suited for Development
247 000
44.3%
f¢ 4)
Soils Well
Suited for Agricultural
139,940
25.1%
'.
Production
5)
Soils Well
Suited for Forest Production
325,200
58.2X

t / NOR _ .4 CAROLINA
87
Septic Tank Problem Areas 7
6
As identified By Septic Tank Scale (Miles)
Pars / 1 0 1 2 3 4
4,2 11 171=,�►
• •
Map #1

VII-6
On these cases the tanks should be pumped out and if the filter field trenches are clogged
OWN the situation should become corrected by reopening them.
Identification of problem Areas:
Even though Brunswick County has been considered as a non -urban county, it has
enough development to create septic tank problem areas. These sections of the county
should not be equated with being the only areas which have poor soils, or have high
water tables. -or even high population densities. These areas do hawever have the proper
mix of these variables necessary to create a possible health hazard area in the future.
Three different schemes were used to identify these problem areas. The identification
of these sites are illustrated on maps #1, #2, and #3. As can be seen in the shaded
sections of map #1, the first scheme represents those areas of the county which experience
septic tank failures to a higher degree than the rest of the county. The other two
schemes represent lots which were not approved and will be discussed later.
Scheme number one identifies septic tank failure areas which were identified by
septic tank► pumping operators and represent only those areas which experience the failures
at the highest rate. It should be mentioned that septic tanks failure is not a pre-
requisite for septic tank cleaning services (rimy septic systems fail but go unnoticed
for years) . however pumping service is directly ;relatad to septic tank failure.
These identified zones on map #1 are not the'only areas that experience failures in the
county, in as much as they do have the highest failure rates.
Septic tank failure rates are most often found in high population density areas.
Large numbers of small lots concentrated in certain areas tend to decrease the efficiency
of drainage fields -in normally suitable soils and can result in higher septic tank
failures. Most of Brunswick County's beach communities experience septic tank failures
because installed septic tank systems can not keep pace with the large volumes of waste
0 water generated by summer tourism.

Lots Not Approved By the
County Health Dep,-- e t C ►J 74 -75,)
Subdivisions
rural lots
87 /
O74 /
6
/
W
NOR )CAROLINA
Scale (Miles)
1 0 I 2 3 4
Map #2 •

67 ,
6
plaints of ' Septic Tank 0v low C 197 4 -75)
/fir---- - - - --/
1-1
)17
_11 n_ o

VI 1-7
other. sections of, the county experience a different combination of circumstances
that cause septic system problems. These can be placed generally into two categories •
(1) the low density -wet soil development and (2) the high density subdivision. Both
have similar septic systems problems, but different factors which cause the oatplications.
An example of number one can be found in Boiling Spring Lakes Iwhich has a seasonally
high water table and is a low density development. A good example,of the second type
is found between Belville and Leland which has a high population denisty with many trailer
parks Go nn*ect;o multiples of trailers to one septic tank. Frequently the number of
users are underestimated and the tank systems are overloaded within one year. Both
of these common situations cause an overload to the septic system and require septic
tank pumping services.
A second scheme used to identify septic tank system problem areas was through the
utilization of the County Health Departments service request forms. From this information
rural and subdivision problem areas were identified as indicated on Map #2. The
subdivision locations are indicated by a square with a %.ryW3 No: of lots not approved.
Kral individual lots are identified by triangles. Both of these problem area types
have either a high water table or soils with poor drainage characteristics and cause
the lots not to be well suited for a sanitary septic system. These lots WPM tested by
the County Health Department unitarians and have slow percolation rates resulting in
the site not berg well suited for residential development.
The third scheme resulted in mapping those presently developed areas,in Brunswick
County which experience septic tank overflow. This information is pieced together from
om plaints received by the County Health Department when a septic tank overflows] and
creates a public nuisance. It becomes obvious to the general public by physical means
such as ponding, smell or seepage into road ditches and streams. 'These overflow areas
i
are identified on map U.
Solutions: •
There seems to be many half-hearted approaches to solving the septic tank dilema,
Trost with answers, but with no means of coordinaticn to acomplish the desired goals.

VII-8
4put of many methods there seems to be three kinds of approaches which have the proper
mix of regulation and planning variables. They are as follows: I. Direct Regulation;
II. Subdivision Regulations; and III. Public Sewer Extensions.
I. Direct Regulation: This method of controlling the problem of septic tanks is presently
being utilized by the County Sanitarian. The local health officials guide the installation
of a septic tank system according to State Board of Health Regulations which are incor-
AA
porated into the Brunswick County ordinance.
There are many variables involved and
is a very complex system to regulate, since it requires quite a few steps performed
by various individuals. However if a septic tank system is allowed on a lot the following
precise sequence of actions must take place.
(1) An evaluation of the soil and percolation tests must be properly conducted
to provide a basis for the size and design of the system.
(2) A workable layout must be drawn up by an experienced and competent designer.
(3) Cnce the design is drawn, there can be no later changes in house layout, or
additions to the system, otherwise the drain field will be too small for
the input.
(4) There must be no removal or disturbance of the soil during construction because
such disturbances cause co pacthn which reduces the permeability of the soil.
(5) Installation crews must be able to install the appropriate system without
disturbing the soils and being able to keep the drain lines level, while
carefully following the contour of the lot, and adding sufficient gravel in
the trenches.
(6) .There must be no disturbance of the soil after installation caused by deep
gardening, digging holes, adding pavement etc.
(7) The homeowner must understand the functioning of the whole system and maintain
it in the proper working order.
• Unfortunately not all of the above actions are followed all of the time and septic
systems will fail. It places the local health officials•in an awkward position, because
they are not able to supervise thoroughly all of the steps. This problem arises in
4 Brunswick County Board of Health Regulations

VI 1-9
Brunswick -County because of large housing demands creating large work loads on limited
funding and manpower in the local health department. •
II. Subdivision Regulations: Brunswick County does have a local subdivision ordinance
which helps to alleviate septic tank problems, unfortunately it was enacted too late in
the development of the county. This ordinance generally involves the review of the plans
for a large residential development or smaller subdivisions by local planning, soils
and health officials. Among other things, the soils capability to contain and handle
the wastes of a septic tank disposal system is evaluated. Thus the subdivision ordinance
allows for better review of new projects and notifies the various departments of impending
residential developments. In this way they can more effectively enforce their own
regulations.
III. Public Sewer Extensions: A third method of controlling septic tank problems in
Brunswick County is through the extension of public sewage disposal systems. Even
though there are a limited number of public sewage disposal systems in operation throughout
the eounty,their numbers will greatly increase in the future as development increases.
As the new subdivisions increase in both size and numbers, there will be a point reached
in density which can not be safely served by purely septic tank systems alone. When
this optimum point is reached the only feasible alternative is building a public sewer
system which d-liminates the septic tank problem altogether. of course limitations in
applying this approach have been the lack of funding, and willingness to invest in public
sewer systems where future developrent may be uncertain. It is however the ultimate
solution to a growing problem.
Conclusion:
Brunswick County does have a septic tank problem, which is a physical limitation
to future developnent. Up to a certain density, and this density is quite low in this
county, the soils are capable of absorbing human waste from onsite sewage disposal •
systems. Even though the systems function properly, there may be detrimental effects on
the quality of ground and surface waters by too rapid filtering action in the coastal sands.

APPENDIX
0

VII-ll
I
Development Lot's Not Approved
Map Code
Subdivision Name
Lot's Not Approved
A
Boiling Spring Lakes
Post Office
12 BRrL.
3rdrRd Cross Bridge
Lot 31 - Juniper Drive
-Sec. SLE, EXT. 3, Lot 595
Lot 14 - West - Sec. 1
Lot 156. Sec. 19, Part 2
Sec. 4 Lot 15 and 16 Goldsboro St.
BSL Rd. Box 13
BSL, Sect. 23, Part 1, Tract 5, Belgrade Rd.
Redwood Drive Lot's M 14, 15, 16, 17
Lot 63, Sect. 29 Block Hawk Rd.
B
Sea Pines
Lot # 123
Lot N 413 - Rt. of main Rd. beside office
C
Evergreen Estates
Left Backitek sideN
Acre.
D
Leland Area
2 Trailers beside Dillon Gainey and Frankie Thomas
Left at La Sailes Store 1st Trailer on Left
A mile between Black and White Trailer from
body shop
E
Sunset Harbor
3 Lots not approved - too small for necessary
drainage line
F
Whispering Heights
Firs road tolot HoldenBeach - 1/3 way down on
the left
G
Buccaneer Hills
Left on first street off Seashore Road, Left
on first street past the office
H
Shallotte Point Subdivision
Lots near Shallotte River
I
Varnum Town Lots
End of 1122 Along River '
J
Granny Wingate Estates
Lot Near S. C. Line and Swamp
K
Pine Burr Acres
Lot atEnd of222sor Drive
Lots
L
Sea Village
Lots 49, 50, 51, 52. and 53
M
Sea Aire Estates
Lot 15 and lots near ;.C.W.W.
N
Briarwood Estates
Lots 24 and lots across from tennis court
O
Water Wonderland
Lots on right towards I.C.W.W.-
P
Bonaparte Retreat
Lots on left 200 yds from entrance
Q
Sunset Beach Development
Lot N4 Block 36 and G.V. Smith Lot
R
Hurricane Haven
Lots on Southside of William Avenue
S
Sea Oates Acre
Lots 25. 26,•and 27
T
Hernandoes Hideaway
Lots 21 and 22 Back of D. Street
U
Ocean Pines
Lot 1 Across from Par Creek
V
Wildwood Acres
Lots along North Mockingbird Lanes and W.
•
_
Lark Trail

VI I 1?.
Rural Lots Not Approved
Map Code
Road
Location
a
N.C.
130
- To Holden Beach, Left at Oak Grove, 2 miles
on left
b
N.C.
87
- 2 miles south on S.R. 1417 near Hood Creek
c
N.C.
211
- Past Supply, second road on right, 4th
house
d
N.C.
133
- Dark Branch past Clark's Place before
Denkins
e
S.R.
1401
- Three miles from U.S. 17 near Pinch Gut
Creek
f
S.R.'1154
- Right side going South past Blu-berry Farms
N.C.
904
- East of. Longwood near creek and S.R. 1310
h
S.R.
1304
- ,30Q;tyds. to lot on right from intersection
with U.S. 17
i
U.S.
17
- Heading South 2 miles past Grissettown on
left
j
S.R.
1335
- Beside Myrtle Head Church between this road
and creek
k
U.S.
17
- 3/4 mile east of Thomasboro Crossroads on
south side
1
S.R.
1300
- Right at Hickmans Crossroads off S.R. 1303
300 ft. on right
m
S.R.
1304
- At intersection of S.R. 1305 near swamp
n
S.R.
1204
- End of loop where campsite is on the water
front
o
S.R.
1305
- One mile east of the Cawcaw Swamp
p
S.R.
1156
- Across from the Airport near Ocean Isle
q
S.R.
1339
- To Exum from Waccamaw, 200 yds on left
r
N.C.
904
- Near intersection of S.R. 1314 on left side
s
N.C.
904
- South from Grissettown 1 mile on right
t
S.R.
1321
- Down one mile from intersection with N.C.
130 on right
u
S.R.
1329
- Lot at the far end of the street
v
N.C.
904
- South from junction with S.R. 1156, .7 mile
on the left
w
S.R.
1350
- First mobile home on the right
x
S.R..
1165
- At junction with U.S. 17 beside Unico Statics
•

VI I-13
I**
"Complaints" Of Septic Tank Overflow
Map No.
Name
1
U.S. 74-76
2
S.R. 1439
3
Wildwood Acres
4
Shasta Court Apts.
5
Lanvale Road
6
Supply
7
Belville
8
Bolivia
9
Belvedere Heights
10
Wildwood Acres
11
Sunset Harbor
12
Benton Trailer Park
13
Phoenix
14
Villa Nova Trailer Park
15
Midway Road
16 Dawley Apartments
17 H and S Trailer Park
18 H and S Trailer Park
19 Brunswick Trailer Park
20 Bolivia
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
- 28
29
30
Dutchman Acres
Bolivia
Bell Swamp
Location
(Near Leland) Fletcher Williams Trailer Park
-S mile on Southside of Road Fairfax House
(Rental)
(4th Street) On right of Wildwood Drive
Leland Area
4th house on left from Eliah Baptist Church
U.S. 17 - turn right on N.C. 211 - First
White house on left
Crisp Mobile Homes
S.R. 1509, Second House on the left
Near edge of Sturgeon Creek and S.R. 1435
Right on Wildwood Road and Goldfinch Place
Lot 39, too small lot for drainage field
S.R. 1437 - III miles past Church from
Belville
Near Intersection of S.R. 1453 and S.R. 1430
on right,
Lot 6 right of N.C. 133
Right onto 1500 from N.C. 211 -'5th house
on the right
77th StreetLong Beach
Long Beach Road 3rd Trailer past shed
Off N.C. 133 - Trailer in Back lot
Leland near junction of S.R. 1426 and
U.S. 74-76
(Behind Red and White) in ditch along
S.R. 1512
Forty second house near corner street
(pn U.S. 17) Lots right past Board of
Elections
South loop of S.R. 1406, 3 miles on
the left
Zion Church One mile on S.R. 1412 .3 mile on right
from S.R. 1413
Wildwood Acres Near junction of Wildwood St. and South
Ibis St.
Leland Mobile Home Estates U.S. 74-76 at Leland
Boiling Spring Lakes From Boiling Spring Lakes Drive to Redwood
Drive, 8th lot on left
Boiling Spring Lakes. Crystal Road, First house on right
Clark's Trailer Park N.C. 133 on right side going north
Phoenix Road On right before Dupont Construction
Entrance-
•
r1

VII-14
WO
•
Map No. Name
31 Maco
32 Connie Mobile Homes
33 Leland
34 Leland
35 Whispering Heights
36 Boiling Spring Lakes
37
Waldon Creek Trailer Park
38
Waldon Creek Trailer Park
39
Woodburn
40
Carl Stidham Trailer Park
41
Sunset Harbor
42
Leland Mobile Homes Park
43
Waldon Creek Trailer Park
44
Sunset Harbor
45
Kennedy Trailer Park
46
Boiling Spring Lakes
47
Woodburn
48
Zion Methodist Church
49
Woodburn
50
Leland
51
H and S Trailer Park
52
Stidham Trailer Park
53
Leland Mobile Homes Park
54
N. C. 211
55 White Springs Trailer Park
56 Calabash
57 Shallotte Point
58
Tri-Beach
Department
59
Shallotte
Police Station
60
Calabash
61
Somersett
Landing
62
Somerset
Landing
63
Pinecrest
Development
Location
Along N.C. 87 1 mile South of Maco. 3rd
house on left
Leland,lots 22 and 24
U.S. 74-76 at Savings and Loan, turn right,
6th house on left
Intersection of U.S. 74-76 and Seaboard
Coast Line R.R.
Trailer along S.R. 1139
Lot at intersection of Liberty and Beaufort
Roads
At corner of S.R. 1528 and S.R. 1534
Third trailer on left after entrance
On U.S. 74-76 across from Cannon Trailer
Park
Right side of N.C. 133 near Airport
Mrs. Hudson's Lot near the river
On N.E. side of U.S. 74-76 along edge of
Sturgeon Creek - 29 lots with violations
First tr4iler on the right
Poor drainage in two lots along S.R. 1112
Leland Area
Lot near end of Fifty Lakes Drive
Sewage draining into pond at Baldwin Drive
3rd Trailer on left of S.R. 1523
Baldwin Drive towards Sturgeon Creek
Sewage from trailers of Brock's Mobile
Homes r
One half way back on left
Long Beach Road. N.C. 133
Trailer lOB on side lot
Between Jimmy Trailer Sales and Church
on the right
Lots 4 60 - 62
Behind Cottage at Bell's Restaurant
Across from Carter's Fish House on dirt
road
Across S.R. 1120
House across the street
Problem behind Thomas's Restaurant
One third of the way down on left
Overflow at end of S.R. 1183
On S.R. 1356, first house on left

VI I 15
WA
Map No.
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
• 83
Name
Copas Shores
Varnum
Stanbury
S.R. 1148
Little Beach
Somerset Landing Road
Buccaneer Hills
Inland Drive
Preacher's Paradise
Longwood
Grissettown
Thomasboro
Seaside Heights
Longwood
U.S. 17 South
Water Wonderland
Pine Burr Acres
Ocean Isle
Holiday Acres
Briarwood Estates
Location
Left on S.R. 1191, go to bend, first
house on right
Right on the end of S.R. 1123, along edge
of river
House .3 mile past Standbury on S.R. 1119
on left
House at end on edge of river
One quarter mile north on S.R. 1143
S.R. 1161, house on left
Near junction of S.R. 1139 and S.R. 1138
Seaside Area, 4th Trailer on left
Shallotte Point, First Road to Right
Along 1308 Near Scippeo Swamp
Left on N.C. 904, first house on right
past Church
On U.S. 17, turn right near Cawcaw Swamp
2nd Street before stop sign
Along S.R. 1308, Across from Store on right
Turn right on N. C. 904, 2 miles from
Grissettown
Lots near I.C.W.W. on Waters Edge
Yellow Brick house in front of sign
Houses on Concord.Street and Berry Camp
Lot 11 right off N.C. 130
Sewage in Ditch along S.R. 1143
•
U3

SECTION VIII
THE SIGNIFICANCE AND VALUE OF
BRUNSWICK COUNTY'S SALT MARSHLAND
PREPARED BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY
OCTOBER) 1975
PLANNING DEPARTMENT

VIII-1
I. Introduction: The salt marshes only occur in temperate latitudes,
such as found in Eastern North Carolina, where unconsolidated
sediments are abundant and protection from extreme tidal action
is furnished. The salt marsh is one of the major components of
the estuary and it contains a unique community of both plant and
animal life. Essential to the vitality of a salt marsh is the
periodic inundation by the saline tides, which cause harsh con-
ditions restricting the type of life that can survive there.
This is the major reason why coastal marshland is made up of
only a few important plant species.
For years people have admired the unique aesthetic appeal
of the salt marsh and have noticed their unusual daily inundation
by lunar tides. Before the 40's the marshes had even been
branded as unproductive waste lands, unsuitable for man related
activities and thus were left undisturbed. However as man's de-
sire for new housing increased, and the pressure for use of all
areas near the ocean became stronger, the salt marshes started
to disappear. only lately has man begun to realize the general
worth of this unique natural resource and attempted to gain more
stringent control over it's destiny.
II. Description: For convenience the salt marsh community can be
divided into two major sectors using the plant species zonational
patterns and their general worth to the estuarine system.
Figure #1 illustrate this condition.

VIII-2
upland
Figure # 1
Cat Tells Short Spartine
Traehline
f Salt Cnea
v
Needle
Rush
Haan A1`h Water
Salt Meadow Class Mort
Crass
Sea Lavender
FTall Spartina
7 -Rigfi Rd;- — — — —1
M"W
Tidal Creek
This is a graphic representation of a Brunswick County
salt marsh. Notice the zonation pattern between the different marsh
species,which is caused by diverse stress levels from the saline tides
(Moul & Willett 1974).
As can be seen, there are two separate community types in the
salt marsh which are separate AEC categories. They are;
1) The low tidal salt marsh, made up of salt marsh cordgrass (Spar-
tina alterniflora) which grows from the trash line, or approxi-
mately mean high water, down into the estuarine waters; and
2) The high tidal marshland, made up of approximately twelve species
in Brunswick County, which extend upland from salt marsh cordgrass
to a point where the highest spring tides affect the growth of
these other species, only a few times each year. The high tidal
marshland AEC category contains some, but not necessarily all of
the following species: •

VIII-3
Black Needle Rush Juncus roemerianus
Glasswort Salicornia spp.
Salt Grass Distichlis spicata
Bulrush Scirpus spp•
Sea Lavender Limonium carolinianum
Saw Grass Cladium jamaicense
Cat Tail Typha spp•
Salt Meadow Grass Syartina pate
ns
Salt Marsh Aster Aster tenuifolius
Salt Marsh,Fimbristylis Fimbristylis spadicea
Wild Rice Zizania aquatics
All of these species are tolerant of salt water conditions
and grow in the salt marsh because there is less competition
from other upland plant species.
III. Significance: Many studies have shown that the salt marsh and
shallow estuarine areas of Coastal North Carolina ranks among
the most productive areas in the world. These research projects
deal with productivity in terms of Biomass -standing crop or their
caloric equivalent (The energy stored in the plant tissues). This
type of quantitative data allows us to make relative comparisons
of productivity between salt marsh species and other types of
vegetative communities like agricultural lands and forests, Table
#1 shows .how the estuarine system fits into the world picture of
production on an annual basis. (Odum 1971).
0

0
VIII-4
60
WORLD AREA AND ESTIMATED PRODUCTIVITY
TABLE #1
LAND UNIT
I. MARINE
Open
Coastal Z3nis
Upwelling Zones
—s— Estuaries
*PRODUCTIVITY
WORLD AREA- IN KILOCALORIES PER
(1,000,000 Sq. Mi.) SQUARE METER PER YEAR
125.80
1.100
13.10
2.000
.15
6,000
.77
20,000
•
II. TERRESTRIAL
Deserts and Tundras 15.4 200
Grasslands and Pastures 16.2 2,500
Dry Forest 3.6 2,500
Boreal Coniferous Forests 3.8 3,000
A. Cultivated Lands
Little Energy Subsidies 3.8 3,000
High Energy Subsidies 1.5 12,000
Moist Temperate Forests 1.8 81000
Wet Tropical Forests 5.7 20,000
KCAL= KILOCALORIE- the unit of Energy necessary to raise one liter
of water one degree centigrade at room temperature of 150 C.,
or 1,000 calories.
—This table shows the small unit area of the estuaries when compared to other world
Productive Zones, and compares•the estuaries high production capability with these
other areas.
Marine - based on Ryther's (1969) Net Carbon Production Figures
Terrestrial - based on Lieth's (1963) Net Production Figures for World Production
One can see that the Spartina marsh being the principal
producer for the estuary is a very productive grass in relation
to the other plant communities. It is approximately eight times
as productive as upland grasslands and pastures but comprises
21 times less acreage.
Since primary plant production in salt marshes is among the
highest of any natural system and since very little of the plant
bulk is consumed by herbivores (Plant Eaters), it goes to reaso
that the bulk of the yearly standing crop dies and falls to the

VIII-5
marsh surface and becomes a major food source for aquatic life.
It has been calculated that about 55% of the detritus or dead
plant tissue is consumed by organisms on the marsh surface (Teal
1962). The remaining 45% mustbe removed by tidal water and ex-
ported to deeper waters. Odum and De la Cruz (1967) measured
substantial amounts of organic debris being carried to the sea
by the tides flowing from the salt marshes. Other studies indi-
cate complex exchanges between marshes and deeper waters, invol-
ving disolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen, resulting in
a net export of particulate organic matter away from the coastal
marshlands (Clark 1974).
Such exports of organic materials from salt marshes have
been thought to be of fundamental importance in maintaining the
fisheries food chains because both carbon and nitrogen are in
short supply in most marine systems. Most of these necessary
nutrients become available only after the vegetation becomes
broken down by bacterial action. About 56% of the marsh grass
is composed of material that can be broken down by bacteria and
of this only 20% becomes incorporated into bacteria tissues and
80% is respired by the bacteria (Squires 1974). This bacterial
action does not all take place in the marsh, but also in the
waters flowing in and out of the marsh. Finally this bacteria,
dead organisms, and algae from the nutrient rich salt marsh muds
become the primary links in the food chains for Brunswick County
commercial fish catches (See Figure #2)
•

M
1 • • `t ` , • \� •C•44p(CW
•I
Bacteria- Primary - r �' :.� :�- '•-�;
Producers Fungi Consumers Small Large
Protozoa Carnivores Predatory
• and Fish
Foragers
This diagram illustrates the estuarine Food Chain, which
flows left to right, initially depends on the production from
the marsh grasses, which stores the sun's energy. The grass
dies and is eaten by Bacteria, Fungi, and Protoza which in
turn are eaten by shrimp, crabs, clams, oysters and minnows
(primary consumers). These small organisms are then fed upon
by the small carnivores (meat eaters) and bottom foragers con-
sisting of small sport fish such as croaker, spot, mullet, trout,
and menhaden. Finally the small carnivores are food sources
for larger predatory fish (mackerel, blue, etc.) and by large
shore birds (ibis, egrets, herons, etc.). Man utilizes the last
three stages of the food chain for commercial and sport fishing.
The major salt marsh dependent species of fish and shellfish
are oysters, clams, flounder, menhaden, shrimp, and crabs. It has
been estimated that 90% of North Carolina's total commercial catch
spends either all of or parts of their life cycles in the estuaries
feeding on smaller organisms which in turn feed on.the coastal marsh-
land vegetation (Brown 1974). Figure #3 illustrates how the daily •
tides play an important role in disbursing and transporting the food
particles to the fish consumers.

FIGURI: 3
VIII-/
DAILY TIDES:
y HIGH TIDE
:7
SWEEPING IN TWICE DAILY, THE RISING WATERS STIRS UP
NUTRIENTS A14D RECHARGES STAGNANT POOLS WITH OXYGEN.
OCEAN FISH RIDE IN WITH THE TIDE TO FEED
l�UT�ENT �`
RICH MUD
NUrRIE TAR jcN.
MUD
AS THE WATER RECEDES, IT FLUSHES OUT
DISSOLVED MATERIAL AND CARRIES DECAYING
CORDGRASS AS WELL AS LIVING PLANTS AND ANIMALS
TO JOIN THE OFFSHORE FOOD WEB. BIRDS SWOOP
IN TO EAT C'1 F:ATURES LEFT EXPOSED ON THE MTID

VIII-8
The marshland performs some functions for oceanic life •
which are hard to equate into monetary terms. One such function
is its unique ability to store and transfer nutrients from up-
land sources to the tidelands system. Ultimately this nutrient
supply is transported out from the estuary to the deep ocean
waters where currents make it available to many other forms of
oceanic life.
During it's growing season, salt marshes remove toxic ma-
terials and excess nutrients from estuarine waters. Sediment.
and other inert suspended materials are mechanically and chemical-
ly removed from the water and deposited in the marsh reducing sedi-
mentation to navigation channels and shellfish beds. (Clark 1974).
Without this buffer zone the Intracoastal Waterway and existing ma-
rine areas have to be dredged more frequently resulting in high
expenditures. An example of this situation occurs when the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers spends millions of dollars each year to
maintain U.S. navigable waterways which could silt up when
marshlands are dredged. Also the Southport Small Boat Harbor
along spent $69,000 in 1914 to keep the access channels open
and if the surrounding marshland were not there, this figure would
most likely sky rocket (State Port Pilot 1975).
One distributing fact is that 1/3 of North Carolina'a Produc-
tive Shellfish Areas are closed to the taking of shellfish. This
figure has increased from 27,000 acres in the state in 1964 to
666,685 acres closed in 1974 (Brown 1974). One reason why these
oyster farms and clam beds have become destroyed from heavy sed'-
ment loads during storms is due to the fact that the marshland
vegetation has been removed. The plant stems and leaves of the

VIII-9
marshes act as barriers to wave action and to some degree water
currents. This helps to retard the water's energy and causes
sediment loads to settle out. In this manner the marshlands aid
in reducing the surge of flood waters and can help to limit the
danger of severe flood damage to those homes near water courses.
In addition the marshland vegetation helps to stabilize estuarine
shoreline against erosion by "holding" the soil particles with it's
strong roots and supporting rhizomes.
Another added benefit of the marshland is its capacity to
treat runoff waters and river waters that contain urban and indus-
trial effluents. The marsh grass seems to be a good filtering
mechanism for pollutants, however, heavy loads of pollutants do
poison a healthy marsh and all of it's other abilities can be
lost. A study in 1970 calculated that a marsh of 1,000 acres could
be capable of purifying the nitrogenous wastes from a town of 20,000
people (Grant and Patrick 1970). If this function were not the case,
the beaches around most towns would loose it aesthetic appeal due to
the polluted ocean waters and silt laden beaches. This could have
a direct impact on the tourist trade which would result in a bad
economic loss to Brunswick County (See Economic Section).
It should be mentioned that marshlands do not perform certain
important functions for development. Salt marshes do not give ade-
quate foundation support for buildings and thus developers have to
drive pilings deep into the marsh's soft muds only to find expense,
unsafe structures which creates much uncertainty to the life of the
buildings. Also the Salt Marhses act as extremely poor filter fields
• for septic tanks, which helps to illustrate why development on these
areas is not feasible nor economical.

Animals occupy the entire extent of the marshland community •
from the tidal flats and marsh creek banks down to the marsh vege-
tation itself. The inhabitants of the flats and banks are almost
entirely animals which burrow in sand or mud or both. Under the
bare. surface of the tidal flat, the environment is relatively stable,
sheltered from the extremes of variation of temperatures and salinity.
Razor clams, quahogs, ribbed mussels, fiddler crabs, lugworms, bur-
rowing shrimp and other invertebrate species of animals live there.
The marshland itself serves as a waterfowl sanctuary. The
•marsh vegetation has seed tops, roots and rhizomes which serve
as waterfowl food, while the leaves and stems act as wildlife nes-
ting materials. Willetts, yellow -legs, rails, ibises, egrets,
herons, cranes, plovers, black mallard, teal, convasback and wood
ducks all use the marshlands as nesting sites (Martin 1951). In
addition migratory birds like Canadian geese, American pintails,
mergansers, and coots to name a few, use Brunswick County's marsh-
land as winter breeding and feeding areas. Most of the larger birds
feed on small blue and hermit crabs plus snails, insects and worms
that exist on the marsh plants and muds (Teal 1969). Figure #4
illustrates how the marsh grasses supply habitat conditions for many
varied species of animals. Most of Brunswick County's beautiful
water fowl feed on one branch of the estuarine food chain which
orginates primarily in the tidal marshlands.
•

440
Figure 4
MARSH FAUNA
1. Purple Marsh Crab
2. Fiddler Crab (Female),
3. Fiddler Crab (Male)
4. Whimbrel
5. Ribbed Mussel
6. Green Heron
7. Marsh Periwinkle
8. Long -Billed Marsh Wren
9. Common Egret
10. White Shrimp
11. Clapper Rail
12. Black -Bellied Plover
13. Greater Yellowlegs
14. Least Sandpiper
,4M!.tI I
"Oil I
•;'� ,' f h `; M ... � ti •' �,1 �'. ; • : i.:y: •; � :i 1.
15.
Redwinged Bi.acl:Aird
23.
Ruddy Turnstone
16.
White Ibises
24.
Oysters
17.
Semipalmated Plover
25.
River Otter
18.
Osprey
26.
Mullet
20.
Raccoon
27.
Spadefish
21.
Mink
28.
Anchovy
22.
American Oystercatcher
29•
Blue crab
IV. Value: It is very hard or near impossible to place a pure
dollar and cents value on each acre of marshland. However
the following is an attempt to analyze the value of the salt
marsh to Brunswick County's commercial and sport fishing in-
dustry.
First an assumption must be made that all commercially
important fish and shell fish are dependent on marshland as an
irreplaceable link in their food cycle. Research studies$
as mentioned earlier, seem to indicate this is the case. With
this in mindithe relative worth of the salt marsh to the com-
mercial fisheries industry is as follows!
Brunswick County's dock side value for.1973 was
Food Fish $165,958 (See Economic Section)
• Shell Fish $905,439

Industrial Fish $1,495,452 •
Total Dock Side Value $2,566,849
There are approximately 19,000 acres of marshland in Bruns-
wick County and in order to obtain a simple directly proportioned
figure for 1 acre of marshland - we divide the total dock side
value by the acreage and obtain a figure of $135/acre/year.
This figure is probably very low because it only reflects
dock prices without the monetary boosts of wholesale and retail
processing costs. It also is a fraction of the total catch be-
cause the figures above include only catches reported on tax
returns.
The other very important sector to the county's economy
is sports fishing which accounted for over $4,780,341 for
1974 (this includes three different types of sport fishing on
boats, piers and surf). Dividing this conservative estimate
by 19,000 acres of marshland yields $251kLcre/year as the di-
rectly proportioned value. Adding this figure to the previous
commercial figure makes the general worth of the county's marsh-
land to the fishing industries as $386/acre/year.
One study that evaluated the tidal marshes in monetary terms
was conducted at the Center for Wetland Resources,. Louisiana
State Univerity (Gosselink, Odum and Pope 1974). This paper
developes a step wise means of assessing the true value of
natural tidal marshes to society as a whole; a value based not
only on commercial usage, but on social usage and monetary value
of the natural (undeveloped) salt marshes. The study suggests
that the old way to evaluate salt marshes was to consider its •
potential for development, since this is the major factor in

VIII-13
conventional real estate dealings. If this were the case, an
• acre of marshland in such areas like New Jersey would be worth
$80,000/acre however such development would destroy the marsh-
lands renewable capabilities.
One such alternative to expensive short term development
would be to consider using the marshland's renewable capacities
such as oyster aquaculture. It has been determined that coas-
tal estuaries can certainly support oyster production on a more
intensive scale than found at present. A well -managed, leased
oyster ground yieldsabout 4,000 pounds of oyster meat per acre
with a wholesale value of $1,575/year. Bardach (1968) found
that very intensive raft culture, as developed in Japan, with
rafts covering 1/4 of the water volume, could theoretically
yield as high as 17,500 pound per acre at a value of $6,125
per year. This kind of intensive aquaculture could only be
possible in flowing waters of tidal creeks and rivers because
food input is always present and the currents or tidal flushings
help to constantly remove oyster feces. This method of farming
the estuaries could be the answer to the world food shortage.
It has been determined that it takes approximately 4 acres of
marshland to supply enough food for one acre of well managed
oyster culture. Dividing $1,575/yr. by 1/4 acres would lower
the value of low intensity oyster culture to $393/acre/yr.
Another method of determining value figures for salt marsh-
land is to consider the "free" service it provides in cleansing
and filtering out polluted river and estuarine waters. Sweet
(1971) estimated that the waste assimilated by five mid -atlantic
• estuaries, in terms of BOD (Biological -Oxygen Demand) loads
removed, averaged 19.4 BOD/acre/day. This is equivalent

to secondary treatment of mans waste which costs the average
•
sewage treatment plant about $.04 per pound to process. Mul-
tiplying the 19.4 lb BOD/acre/day by $.04 by 365 day/year
gives value of $283/acre/year for salt marshland for the
secondary treatment of human wastes.
Salt marshes do not stop at only secondary treatment but
also perform tertiary treatment of waste waters where heavy
metals and nutrients (phosphates) are removed. This is accom-
plished by the vegetation because it acts as.a "living filter"
which actually precipitates out and removes these impurities
much like artificial tertiary treatment which is very expensive.
It costs $2/pound of BOD removed in this process. Multiplying
the 19.4 lb BOD/acre/day times $2/lb. BOD times 365 days/yr.
a figure of $14,162 acre /yr. is obtained. This value repre-
sents value of an acre of salt marshland to society for the
waste treatment work it performs at average daily loading
levels. (Sweet 1971).
The issue may be raised if whether or not this expensive
work would be done at all if payments were necessary, and
therefore whether it is appropriate to evaluate the marsh's
work on such a basis. The answer seems to be obvious. With-
out such sewage treatment, accelerated pollution accumula-
tion would soon exact payment. Whether it be through direct
loss to the fisheries industries and have the results of
increased health and medical costs, or by the indirect means
such as loss of recreational areas and ruin the attractive-
•
ness of Brunswick County.

VIII-15
• V. Conclusion: The dichotomy of interests between the value
to -the owner and the value to society becomes an increasingly
serious problem with coastal marshland, because of the functions
it serves. The traditional real estate pricing system does
not offer a solution to this problem where marshlands serve
both private and public interests. Thus the economic "least -
cost alternative" approach is used here which catalogs all
marshland functions and imputes as the value of each function
the costs which would occur if the next best method were used
to accomplish the same result. This is why the total of all
the preceding values ends up with a relatively high value
of $15,224/acre/year for marshland in Brunswick County. The
individual components are as follows:
Commercial fishing industry $135/acre/yr
Sport fishing industry $251/acre/yr
Low intensity oyster culture $393/acre/yr
Secondary Waste Treatment $283/acre/yr
Tertiary Treatment $14,162/acre/yr
TOTAL VALUE $15,224/acre/yr.
(This value reflects the value of the functions marshland
perform at the present time and not future functions such as
the intensive raft culture and future opportunity uses that
are incorporated into fee -simple ownership).
VI. Summary: In summary, the salt marshes serve as an essential:
1) habitat area for wildlife and waterfowl;
2) nutrient producer and food source for estuarine food chains;
• 3) sediment trap for river and estuarine waters;

VIII-16
4) water purifier and biological filter; •
5)* storm barrier and shore stabilizer; and an
6) aesthetic attraction for the coastal area.
It becomes obvious then that as the county becomes more.
occupied, the benefits from the marshlands become more important.
In many ways the vegetated marshlands are not only a vital com-
ponent of the estuary, but is very important to the human community
as well. As salt marshes decrease in acreage the impact to the
local economy will be felt. Thus the more intensely Brunswick
County is developed, the more crucial the role salt marshland per-
forms,and the more urgent the need is for their preservation.

VIII-17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adams, D. A.'1962. Factors Influencing Vascular Plant Zonation In N. C. Salt Marshes
Ecology, Vol. 44, No. 3
Bardack, J. E. 1968.Aquaculture, Science 161, 1098-1106
Barlowe, R. 1965. Land Resource Economics, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice Hall, Inc.
Bowden, K. F. 1967. Circulation and Diffusion in Estuaries, Edited by G. H. Tauff, AAAS
Publ. 83, Washington, D. C.
Brown, J. 1974. Values, Problems and Management Efforts (a speech), Div. of Marine
Fisheries, Morehead City, N. C.
Chapman, V. J. 1938;Studies in Salt Marsh Ecology; Sections I -III, J. Ecology 26; 144-179
Clark, J. 1974. Coastal Ecosystems. The Conservation Foundation, Washington, D. C.
Copeland, B. J. 1975. Personal Communication C. R. C. Meeting, Raleigh, N. C.
Gosselink, J. G. et. al. 1974. The Value of the Tidal Marsh. Publication No. LSU-SG.
74-03 Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Grant, R. R., and Patrick. 1970, Tinicum Marsh as a Water Purifier. The Conservation
Foundation, Washington, D. C.
Leith, H. 1963. The Role of Vegetation in the Carbon Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere.
J. Geophysics, Res., 68 (13)
Marshall, D. E. 1970. Characteristics of a Spartina Marsh Which is Receiving Treated
Municipal Sewage Wastes. Inst. of Marine Science, U. N. C.
Martin, A. C. et. al. 1951. American Wildlife and Plants; a Guide to Wildlife and Habits,
Dover Publ. New York, N. Y.
Moul, R. L. and Willett G. 1974, The Feasibility of Using Salt Marsh Vegetation in De-
fining the Mean High Water Line. N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead
City, N. C.
Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W. B. Saunders Co., Printing Office, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
Odum, E. P. and de la Cruz A. 196AmerParticulate
AdvOrganic
ScDetritus
i. Publ.in83.383r388 Salt
Marsh Estuarine Ecosystem.
Patrick, W. H. et. al. 1971. Nitrate Removal From Water at the Water -Soil Interface
Is Swamps, Marhes and Flooded Soils, Annual Progress Report PFWOA, EPA #1605
FJR, LSU.
Pomeroy, L. R. et. al. 1972. Nutrient Flux In Estuaries, In Nutrients and Euthil,
• cation, Edited by G. E. Likens. Amer. Soc. Limnol, and Oceanog..Symp. Vol.
274-296.

VIII 18
Ragotzkie, R. A. (Chrmn.) 1959. Salt Marsh Conference, Marine Institute, Univ. of
Georgia, Athens •
Ryther, J. H. 1969. Photosynthesis and Fish Production in the Sea. Sci. 166: 72-76
Southport Pilot 8/21/75. Newspaper Article on Small Boat Harbor, Southport, N. C.
Squires, E. R. and Good, R. E. 1974. Seasonal Changes'in the Productivity, Caloric
Content, and Chemical Compositiom.of a Pop. of Salt Marsh Cordgrass. Chesapeake
Sci. Vol. 15.
Stirckland, J. D., and Parsons T. R. 1965. A Manual of Sea Water Analysis Bulletin
No. 125, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
Sweet, D. C. 1971, The Economic and Social Importance of Estuaries , EPA. Water
Quality Office, Washington, D. C.
Teal, J. M. 1962. Energy Flow In the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia. Ecology 43:
614-624
Teal, John and Mildred. 1969, Life and Death of the Salt Marsh, Audubon/Ballantine
Book, N. Y.

SECTION VIIII
DESIGN CAPACITY AND PRESENT
UTILIZATION OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY
PRIMARY ROADS
DESIGN CAPACITY AND PRESENT
UTILIZATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
WATER SYSTEMS IN THE C,AXA,
PLANNING JURISDICTION OF THE BRUNSWICK COUPl Y
PLANNING DEPARTMX
PREPARED BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
OCTOBER, 1975

• DESI L . J CAPACITY AND PRESENT 16
UTILIZA10N OF BRUNSWCK COUNTY
w z wz. PRIMARY ROADS
OF
BOA D SFGM NT LOCATION
z
A D T IATOOMPH
CAPACITY
UTILIZATION
IAT3?MPH
CAPACITY
T 55 P
UTILIZATION
T 5 z,N
fi,C,_87--
8Z
d.C, $
N. C. 87
97
- NC, .133--
-BOILING.
._S,R..153Z
u„S, 17
-20-
-24.-
_74_
2Z
-2-
--2-
_.2_
--2-
2_
-2,60a-
--LS20--
--1,560-.
_r936-
975
-9,200-----
11,300- ----
_.11,S00-^-
_10.,200
_ 1OL200 -
—15-4L
--2,300_-_
-LMO
._113.07
6D,6%
52_00
----13_.2%-
_--R,O%
9.0%
3,000
-2.500
2,500
37.4%
MACO
22
39.0%
_A-C.
-fLL..130
j1, r , 130S.
130
-4,,Cr_131i_
14,CT--130
N.C. �33
�i,C�133
N.C. 133
--Z--
-2_.
--2,236-
_��55lL :
_1�5�_`
�.8�0
1.680
- _4.,225-.
--5,577—
_7_, QO...
_4.150 _ .
AORIf-UDLLIMIT HOI DEN BEAC
1124
-18--
_18_
20..
20
_8, 50 .
27 x
2.100
106.4%
9.2QQ
16.9%
2,300
R. 1134
8, 250 _ _
_9,200
55, lx
2,100
2,100
-__.67.3'
216. 6%
WEST CITY LIMIT-SHALLOTTE
�_
2
15.7%
19.7%
63.0%
_ �133S
COLUMBUS CO. -WE
.9,200 --
9,200
2,300
79.1%
20
20-
_.2Q-.-
-a-
_29-
_ 18.2%
- 45.9%_______
fiO.BL __.
-
2,300
�Z3.99
-2_-
--9
2
9,200--
---S,200
—9.,200__-
_11, SIlQ __.
SOUTH CITY LIh1IT
YAUPDa--BEACH- -
NORTH CITY LIMIT
YA"PON RFer_H
2.300
_ .2u2.4
_
_._.L309_—.
- �. GO
3,000
_.
tL 87
2 .
—�4
35. 2% _
--_339.1%
138.6%
-

o DESL. J CAPACITY AND PRESENT
UTILIZAI-ION OF BRUNSWICK COUNTY
W 2 PRIMARY ROADS
ng- o% n
)AD
SEGMENT LOCATION
� �"
A D T
CAPACITY
AT 3OMPH
UTILIZATION
1,AT3OMPH
CAPACITY
AT
uILIZATION
pA
C.133_.
C.133 _
.C.133
.C.211
.C.211.
.C.211
,C.21,1
.L.211 _
.C.904 _
,.C_904
i.C.904
S.1 151a_
1S_
18 __
18
-..2-.
2
2
2
_ 4, 030_
3,770
2,470
_ 8, 250 .
8,250
8,250
48 ._8%_
45.6%
2,100 _ _
2,100
191. 9%
179.5%
1--MILE_SOUTH OF 17-74-76
u.s. 17-74-76
29.9%
2,100
117.6%
N.C. 133
22
24
24
_y 290 _.
2,730
2,990
--I0,200
11,800
42.0%
2,500
171.6%
S.R 1500
_ 2
2
23.1%
3,000
91.0%
99.6%
'U.S. 17
11,800
_8,250
25.3%
3,000
nomsIDE U.S. 17
18
2
_1,690_._
520_
20.4%
2,100
80.4%
COLUMBUS COUNTY LINE
18
2
8,2&_
6.0%
2,100
24.7%
18
COLUMBUS COUNTY LINE
--L
_ 2_
660
8125O
8.0%
2,100
21100
31.4%
1321 _
18._
18
20
859
1,800
1,560
1,430
2,340
_ 2,730 •
8, 250
g,250 -
9,200
3,250
8,250
10.0%
_ 21.8%
40.4%
S.R. 1312
2
2
2,100
85.7%
u.s. 17
16.9%
2,300
2,100
67.8%
I.C.904
SOUTH OF U.S. 17
18
18
18
2
17.3%
68.0%
111.4%
I.C.904
GAUSE LANDING
2
_
28.3%
2,100
2,100
I.C.904
NORTH CITY LIMITS O.I.B.
-2
8,250
33.0%
130.0%
•

S.R.1115
S. R.1120
S. R.1154
S.R.1163
S.R,1165
-" 1419
SA._ Z6
S, R,142b ..
S_k.1430
S. R.1435_
S.R.1437
S. R_1438
S.R.1500
SEGMENT LOCATION
u,s 17
_s.R. 141q _
u.s. 74-76
u.s 17
u.s. 17
o�
z�Ct2
z
18.- 2
20 2
18 2
22-. _2__
.18_. 2
-22- -2 -
1� �
_lL._ _2.
.18 2
18 2
18 2
DESK CAPACITY AND PRESENT
UTIL IZ,41-ION OF BRUNSIMCK COUNTY
PRIMARY ROADS
% OF / pF
IADT
1,235._
.1,105
975
390
_11950_._
780 -
-1T954--
_-?.Uun
--U50- ..
3,250
1 300 .
1,430
780
CAPACITY
AT 3OMPH
8, 250.
8,250
9,200
8,250 -
-1.0.100--
__8 250
-10.200-- .
,8._?5Q,
$,250
8.250
8,250
8,250 _^
8,250
0
UTILIZATION I CAP/1CITY ! �77�iZAT,�OIVAT30MPH SIT 551VP4 1 T5���4
_ - 14.9% -- --
_ _13.3%
10.5% _
_ 2,100___
2,100_ -
2,300
2,100
19_1%
2,500
9.4% _
19,1z
2,100
2,500
_ 78.31
_--J7 5X _.
25_2%_
7.1nn
3.000 _
2.100__
39.3%
2.100
_ 15.7%
-2,100
17.3%
_ 2,100
2,100
9.4%
1- --- - -- I
58.8%
52.6%
42.3%
18.5%
78.0%
31.1%
78.0%
111_4�
108.3%
99.0%
154.7%
61.9%
68.0%
37.1%

PQI
_Cll INTY

SECTION VIIII ..
DESIGN CAPACITY AND
PRESENT UTILIZATION
OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
WATER SYSTEMS IN THE
C.A.M.A. PLANNING JURISDICTION
OF THE BRUNSWICK COUNTY
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Prepared By Brunsmick county Planning Department
October, 1975
U

VIIII-1
A1.1 of Llu, donic,sti.c and much of t.lie industrial. water procur..i-ed
and consLllned in Brtallswi.cL county is extracted from ground wat e..r re-
sources.
Several. industrial
operations located
ill the nori he-rli por-
tions of
the Country withdraw
process water from
the Cape Fear River,
however at the present time, no domestic water for human consumption
is taken from surface supplies. A nurnbcr of: the county's municipali-
ties own and operate water systems within and immediately adjace.nL
to their corporate boundaries, and privately owned water systems are
operated in two incorporated towns cis well as in various mobile home
parks. and other conventional residential communities. Brunswick county,
as a governmental unit, is also at the present time completing con-
struction of a water system that will supply limited residential.
consumers in unincorporated areas as well as one. major industry (the
system's largest consumer) and wholesale writer to three incorporated
municipalities.
Pour of the seven municipalities in the Coastal Area Management
Act (C.A.M.A.) planning jurisdiction of the Brunswick County Planning
Department own and operate municipal water systems. These are the
towns of Bolivia, Ocean Isle Beach, Shallott-e and Yaupon Beach.
Lacli ;of these municipal water systems is of recent construction, and
the various elemenL•s of the systems including wells, treatment and
:storage facil i.L-.i_cs and distribution lines are in good condition and
capable of ;,upp'J.yil-lg service for a number of years to c:omci. A.11. of
the municipal systems are presently operating below their design
capacities with adequate vol.umes remaining to provide service to

VIIII-2
sub -Martial. futive duv(.lol),uenL (..e:c table Un 1:hacJC !; ) . In addition
to iLs existing water suPpl.i.es, the Yaupon Beach system will be sup-
plemented by the County Phase I water System (pruscnLly being corn-
pleted) which %-. i.l l supply the Town with treated water.. The water
systems oC Shal.lot.te and Occan Isle Beach are also r)roposed for
connection to the County Phase II dater. System (presently in the
planning stages) which will also augment their individual. systems with
treated potable water.
Two other municipalities in the C.A.M.A. planning jurisdiction
of the Brunswick County Planning Departrnent are supplied water by
privately owned and operated water systems. A portion of the corpo-
rate area of I3oil.ing Spring Lake, (approximately 40 connections) is
supplied with water by a small scale water system owned and operated
by Reeves Telecom Corporation, the Town's developers. The entire
corporate area of the 'Town of Caswell Beach is supplied water by a
system which is owned and operated by the North Carolina Baptist As-
sembly through a non-profit- corporation.
According to the .records of the North Carolina State Board of
health and information collected by the Brunswick County Planning
Uepartment, there are tworit:y privately owned and operated water sys-
tems in Brunswick County (including those serving Roiling Spring
Lakes and Cafes ,.(A.l. l.;eaclh) . Igor the most part, these- systems are small
scale ope.r. a t:i_on:; wi. til low volume water. supplies, t: rOatmc.nt and stor-
age facilities and distribution systems. These small scale systems
generally sorve Less t.h.in seventy five connections in conventional
residential developments and mobile home parks. Many of these pr•i.-
vctt_�, systeiiis ai-c locaLcd in the northern portion of Brunswick CounL-y
and will 7 Ll,, 1 y choose to connect: to the proposed county hhasc T a.
ct:i.on ill
W%At ;�y�;tc�,n t.i�,at. �i �: pj-c�se�,il-ly lxniriq de-si.etne�el f.ar.
-.C,

VIIII-3
. this area. I:t. sl-icni.lcl lac notecl that. Lhe pri.vci Lc. -sy::Lc:m S, 1 ist.c,cl 11)
the table on hage �i ar;e li.mi.i:ed t:c) those :;er.v.incl ten or morn cor► •
nect.i.ons and requiring cc.,y-if i.cation by Uie-- North Cri r-ol i na
Board of I3ealth.
The table lists each of the public and private water systems
located in the C.A.M.A. planning jurisdiction of the Brunswick County
Planning Department. For many of these systc:ras (particularly those
which are privately owned), information is lacking with regard to
existing capacities and present rate of titilizat-ion. As indicated
above, the majority of information concerning the private systems
was acquired from the North Carolina State Board of Health, and in
most cases capacity and utilization data were not available froi►i
this source. On Lhe other hand each of the municipal systems was
surveyed first hand by Brunswick CounL•y Planning Department, and
the capacity - utilization figures in the table reflect the results
of these surveys. Of the four municipal systems, those operated by
Yaupon Beach and Ocean Isle Beach are significantly impacted by the
large influx oC seasoria.l. tourist populatiOTIS to these areas, however
the peak water_ demand.; during the summer months still do not exceed
the capacitios of: the Systems -
The on1.y domnst:ic sewage treatment system operated in the C.A.M.A.
planning jurisdiction of the Brunswick County Planning Department- is
the pri.vate:ly owned system serving the Carolina Shores residential
devolopment loc'atOd Soutar of: U.S. 17 along the North Ca.ro'Lina - Sonth
car.o:l.ina stato t:irle. '.I'he collection sysLern has been initially designed
jinc.i construcl.c d Lo serve the first: phase of residential construcLion
i.n the dwc ] c�l�r��-�r►i: which i.ncludrs 234 dwel:Lincl uni. LS . Ilowevcr, the •
w;ist.e writer i plant has been conslrurted t.o provide a terl:..i-
�ir.y. trcaL�nc;,t. capac.i.t:y of 31.0,000 gallo►ls per day, leaving suifi<`tClli.

VIIII-4
ct)}�aeiti.c:� tc., uiorc� than adLc�1y sea•vcj the add.it.ional r.esidnntial
�• StI-cict•ures plannr.d for t.hc developiti:!rIt. Prcisent.- m;e 01 the waste
water treatment sy:.Lem is ].i.mitcd to nine residences and two conmmer-
cjill operations which are estimated to disc;hargc! approximately 3,000
gallons of waste water daily amounting to less than 1% of the systems
design capacity.
The map on page: 6 illustrates the areas of: Brunswick County lo-
cated in the C.A.M.A. planning jurisdiction of the 1runswick County
Planning Department that are presently served by writer and/or sewer
service. The numbers appearing next to each service area correspond
to the numbers in the table on page 5 which indicate the name of
each individual system-
4 -

WN-,E:t SYSTVIG
0? i=IV;A
-.C,.N C? YA Zrom LE1.0i
3
-r.: C7
4
T�i: C.- Oc--J-v ISLE
5
:ArN CTY
6
nz,:Fs TrLECON CORP.
7
W. C. Z;,P-157 ASSM3LT
6
CAS :.=VZL-.,M
51
ZS:ZN:lAI,
,a.
:A--K Asz=-.
4x7z:--y FA3.---
E--vm
-.:rvCTz C,
15
H. L. SU7=MZK
16
FA:28 W.TLIN
11
R. E. C;Zsp
ic
L. I. E � Lry
:.9
C.
C117=1:1.;VOt
WA -Mt CU=lkTT
^3
svi"
F;D--FZ
25
rr:=ZR kzA-lj
,,.7:::A5jlIp s!:;,*-,lCL A-
,ZA
P117---l-C EC:.,,. -:A CcAP.
PLMLiC :",Lrc,:; cc".
� C-P­
7,1- PCLN (L-it,, ; Cut.id.1
PULLIC S.EF.V 1 CK COLM7Y
Prliv.,.-E PX;,.T Cr E01-MG s.,F.:KG :Am$ FF-'VA'.Z V. C. Bk?T-,S- ;,.SsV=LT
G;cu,-
PR11W.72 OLD -04NE DEV=14p�MN-1
PRIVATE ALSOTTS MOSILE 110.1m
fh Pon
P"x
tOc_ NS T-LA-ILZA PARX
Br,:".'.'NZ MOBILE HC= PARK
C:ARYM F.Csl= Fopm
3, AJkK
rp-lVATM CLMTR LEAF MOBILE.
k.C!I.Z PARK
MMA-Z CON!: I IS MOSI= HO-m
P;ZV11-E CR:S? YMME ED--
P Rl v;,-_ rilz;.V.00 mwo;t Covir.
FRIVX73 Vxmr.zly MC3:LC HOMS PAM
Ec�--
RC.Z
PAM'.
?;Uvk-.z vlt:A ::OVA MOB= F.0mz
PARK
21AMTE if., I-M SPRIT Meru. Ks. -- PARR .
Tnr.hTX.LNT STIXIVICZ
ES-,I;t7,-rD ppZSE:�r
YZAR CC='TAU=ZD
WATER CC PROVIOLD -.PL CApLCIT- (G.11c.) C;-PAC17V iC—L.)
R SCUr
as
CGN-Z.;C-. S
G.P.D.
1971
um us
ELEVA-M
60. coo
100,000
70
24, CZ- 22%
e"OGG
'3
CULOMMATION
1971
WELLS
LIMADI'mm
75,000
260,600
336
100, 00C 2-%
;52,cS^
3,6"
1564'
Wz =
DZ 'INMALMATICI rLXVh-rrD
m
10"000
342,13;0
263
1CO3 00 C 2r%
:C-,CO2
-,-c:
CELORINATION
1973
WELLS
CliLDRININ-10.19 EIV.*ATM
23G,000
352,000
525
(OPERATZINZ; AT CT, %-j.R CAPAC-M, IN SD=..
IS75
WTLLS
DWI---ZWLIZA-IW E=V,'.TEZ 1,000,000
S.GC0,000
V= 11; rtr-1 C?ZfATM; AT P;ZSL,7.)
CjjLC31u7.TICt; .
W--LIs
Cl,WjUNA -1103 PF,:SSUR-1
3,000
40.
WELTS
L:Hrr--R&L=TICN =-m-m
5c,000
216,000
49-
1975
-LIS
"IC4 -.M
=al.-RALItW. . PFXSSL
5,000
is
3.050 1.4%
2,,205
Cj:LC, 'INATIC4
tr-Ils
P11=SURE
5.033
so
VILLS
PRESS=
40
16
WELLS
pussur-I
360
72
WE=
PRZSS'JR--
,0,
IG
Wz=
PR=SSLTZ
26
WzLls
MESSUM
120
45
UTZ=
PRESSURE
2,000
62
WELLS
P;zr-.Su;z
Soo
23
WE=
PRMUZE
eQ
•,G
V-=
PFxSSurlE
ao
3C
P7zssurc
Soo
10
W=,-:Z
PA7-ssurM
82
24
v:=3
7,-,ESSL'RE
I,:00
es
F-LLS
rr,=SUF-.
lir-taz
PfxSSuRE
750
15
WELLS
rclm� -pRzsSurC
"sea"
60
WCLLS
PFLSS*JRE
62C
$0,000
74
"st=l rater uc.-yt of 10 SLIle- Per e.&Y Per BeacParana-
t ;l h incl�ding the U.S. Coast G—d Static. located the-.
...& c-m.j.A Baptist A�xc�lly W-tsr Syst- --c 29 conn- leno in C-
1
7-t sy.Les aloe Prwidea,wltar to t1A BAPt-l&- 1420-bly Gm=ds which doing the scar =nth. Avcr&qe3 between 850-1003 visitor population.'
0
0

LEGEND
� : S SE_. TD BY 'ti' % ER SYS MI-aS . OctcDe� 1975 �74
/
..A ER AND 5Ei7Lr SERVICE 6
1
:. PUBLIC SYSTEM, /
:{rc^S in the CAY-k ]L•ri$CZction OF the Brunswick %
Count.;. Plar_ring Depart-ont
t
1 4—
BRUNSVII K. Goliiill
Z..,. NO ?Tr •^�a�^•l,
\ L1 •
Y ".` -C
►.,:.
S C. C. i -.
r =-
0 i ? 3

SECTION X
POPULATION ESTIMATES AND PFDJECTIONS

X2
I. INTRODUCTION •
Population projections provide the basis for most major
planning decisions. It is on these projections that planning
future needs for services and facilities are based. Not only
are the total number of people important but also where within
the County they will -reside.
To be sure, projecting population is a guessing game because
the influences that create the ebb and flow of people is unpredic-
table, therefore, projections are made on the assumption that
the general conditions at the time of the projection will remain
stable. Projections must be reviewed often and updated based on
conditions at the time of the review.
The population of Brunswick County has already exceeded pro-
jections made in the early 1970's for the year 1990 because the
impact of current industrial development was unknown at that time.
Additional industrial development or other presently unknown conditions
would have the same affect on the current projections.
Contained within this section are the estimates of Brunswick
County's population from 1971 to 1975 and projections through the
year 200a.

X3
%0
II: POPULATION ESTIMATES 1971-1975
Population estimates and projections for Brunswick County
have been made by various State and Federal Agencies. These
vary considerably and some examples are: CHART PP-1
.S. Environmentai _ 27,100
rotection Agency -
.S. Bureau of the 29,g00 -
ensus (estimate)
I.C. Department of _ 28,122
Ldministration
L.C.rtment of
uman Resources 27,962 L33,771 38,789
`It was evident that these projections were invalid because
of the known influx of people after 1970 and through other indi-
cators of population change. Therefore, we developed our own
estimates and projections based on the most current data available.
For the 1971 through 1975 population estimates, the Bureau
of Census Component Method II was used. This method utilizes the
natural increase, school enrollments and migration rates. As a
check, four other methods of population estimation were also used.
The results of these methods are:
CHART PP-2
1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
METHOD 421 33, 98 35,822 35,621
1. Component Method II n/a
2. N.C. Income Tax Returns 26,402 30,687 34,21a8 38n103 n/a
n/a 31,319 n/a
3. Automobile Registration 26,722 30,567 34,989 34,508
4. Natural Increase n a n a n a n a 37 084
5. Land Use SurveNr
1. Official Estimates 2. Based on 1970 ratio of 1 tax return filed per 2.8543 County
• residents
3. Based on 1970 ratio of 1 Automobile per 2.7104 leQd 96 121personss
4. Based on 1970 ratio of 1 unit, Natural Increase �Na a household
5. 1975 Occupied Housi:ig Units ri•.ulti' lied by 19-70 averag
size. De artment _
SOURCE: _Brunswick_County P an ng P

X-4
POPULATION ESTIMATES
BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
40,000
3s,o00
36�000
34,000
32,000
-30t000
28,000
26,000
24,000
1970 1971 1972 1973
U.S. CENSUS COMPONENT METHOD .a
•--� RATIO- NATURAL INCREASE
(]- -0 19TU OCCUPIED HOUSES
1974 1975
0--0 RATIO -N.C. TAX
RETURNS
RATIO- AUTOMOBILE •
'�'-� REGISTRATION

X5
• The four check methods closely support the official Com-
ponent Method II totals. The automobile registration ratio total
for 1974 would logically be influenced on the high side because
of commercial vehicles registered in conjunction with the construc-
tion projects and the Occupied Housing Total is based on 1970
average household sizes and the average household sizes have been
declining the past few years.
The five year population increase of 11,398 since 1970 was
nearly equal to the 11,566 increase from 1900 to 1970 which clearly
illustrates the impact of the industrial construction since 1970.
The method of distributing the 1975 population to the townships
was to use the occupied housing unit count by township from the 1975
Land Use Survey with the average household size, by township, from
the 1970 Census and prorating the 1975 population as a ratio to
these factors. By this method, Town Creek Township was first in
population in 1975 with a total of 8,204 persons. Smithville was
second with 7,648 and Lockwood's Folly placed third with 6,611
persons. From 1970 to 1975, Smithville's increase was 76.0%;--Town`
Creek, 57.3%; with Northwest third at 52.4% . These three townships
with the fastest growth rates were the townships most closely re-
lated to the new industrial construction. (See Chart PP-3)
There have been changes in the ranking of the towns and townships
by population since the 1970 Census. Based on the 1975 population,
Smithville Township was second after being fourth in 1970. Shallotte
township, second in 1970, became fourth in 1975 and Town Creek,
first in 1970 was still first in 1975. Lockwood's Folly remained
third, Northwest, fifth and Waccamaw, sixth. (See Chart PP-4)

JUNE 1975 OCCUPIED DWELLING UNIT COUNT AND
POPULATION BY TOWNSHIP BASED ON AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE Chart PP-3
a - 1975
Total
Percent
I
1970
1975
1970 Avg.
Straightline
(b) - 1975
1970-
1970-
Township
Popu-
Occupied
Household
Population
Estimated
1975
1975
lation
Units
Size
Projection
Population
Increase
Increase
ockwood's
Folly
4,748
1,961
3.51
6,883
6,611
1,863
39.2%
orthwest
3,356
1,443
3.69
5,325
5,115
1,759
52.4%
hallotte
4,877
2,003
3.11
6,229
5,984
1,107
22.7%
mithville
4,346
2,628
3.03
7,963
7,648
3.302
76.0%
own Creek
5,215
2,372
3.60
8,539
8,204
2,989
57.3%
accamaw
1,681
660
-3.25
2,145
2,059
22.5%
r.ount
37,084
1
big::j.1
a 1975 Occupied Dwe ling Units mu tiplied by 1970 average household size
b) Total estimated County population by the U.S. Census Component Method II
distributed by township as a ratio to -the 1970 average household size
c) 1970: Boiling Spring Lakes in Smithville and Town Creek Townships
1975: Boiling Spring Lakes in Town Creek Township entirely
SOURCE: Brunswick County Planning Department
Rank of Townships
By Population,
1970
And By Occupied
Housing Units,
1975 Chart PP-4
1970
1975
Rank
Townsfilrp_Rank
Township
1
Town Creek
1
Smithville
2
Shallotte
2
Town Creek
3
Lockwood's Folly
3
LockVood's Folly
4
Smithville
4
Shallotte
5
Northwest
5
Northwest
6
Waccamaw
6
Waccamaw
SOURCE: BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENI
0
0
x
rn

MA
W
There were also changes in the ranking of the towns as
• Long Beach became number two, up from third in 1970 and Boiling
Spring Lakes rose from fifth to third. Southport remained in
first place. Shallotte, for many years in second place, became
fourth in 1975 while Yaupon Beach dropped from fourth to fifth.
(See Chart PP-5) po ulation, 1970
Ran of Towns By P Chart PP-5
And B Occu ied Housin Units, 1975
1975
1970
Rank Town
Rank Town 1 Southport
1 Southport 2 Long Beach
2 Shallotte 3 Boiling Spring Lakes
3 Long Beach 4 Shallotte
4 Yaupon Beach Lakes 5 Yaupon Beach
5 Boiling Spring 6 Bolivia
6 Bolivia 7 Sunset Beach
7 Holden Beach 8 Calabash*
8 Sunset Beach 9 Holden Beach
9 Ocean Isle Beach
* Not Incorporate In 1 planning Department
SOURCE: Brunswick County --
III. POPULATION PROJECTIONS 1976 to 2000
The Brunswick County Planning Department also prepared
population projections for each year, 1976 through 1985s and for
1990, 1995, and 2000. These projections are based on a Simpli-
fied Cohort Survival Method and the following assumptions:
1. The 1975 Base Population is 36,521
2. The Natural: Increase rate will remain 1. 06% (the, 1970
to 1975 rate) throughout the prod period.
3. Migration Rates will vary through 1981 and are based
on the existing population and economic trends and
certain expected events.
4. A constant migration rate of 2% is assumed after 1981
5. There will be no public regulation of growth
These projections place the County's population in 1980
• at 40,382, 1985-50,754, 1990-59,008; 1995-68,605; and 2000-79,762.

BRUNSW C
K COUNTY POPULATION PROJECTION
197 5 - 2000
BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
PERSONS
85,000
80,000
65,000
60,OOC
55,00(
35,0(
1975 1980 1985 lyyv lvvu
C:
LV%ow

0
Many influences could alter the future population extensively
just as the County's population boom of 1970 to 1975 created
by industrial construction was not forseen in the population
projections made in 1970-1971. Yet, population projections are
the only tools for long range planning and their value is enhanced
with periodic updating. (See Chart PP-6)
iil NUAL P ;PULhTYLC.� rrc�EC'=��*:5-1975-, gQ5
1990-1995-2000 CHART PP-6
AND
Annual
Annual
YEAR
Population
Natural Increase Rate Migration Rate
1975
35,621
+1.06
0.0
1976
34,919
+1.06
+1.06
+3.0
1977
35,289
+1.06
+3.5
1978
1979
36,733
38,422
+1.06
+7.0
1980
40,382
+1.06
+7.0
+5.0
43,667
+1.06
+2.0
1982
46,337
+1.06
+1.06
+2.0
1983
1984
47,765
49,237
+1.06
+2.0
+2.0
1985
50,754
+1.06
+2.0
1990
59,008
+1.06
+2.0
1995
68,605
+1.06
+1.06
+2.0
2000
SulikCE:
79,762
DLuaswick
County_ Planning
Department
IV: SOME
PROBABLE INFLUENCES ON POPULATION
CHANGE IN BRUNSWICK COUNTY
There are some
factors that could
influence population changes
in Brunswick County
in the forseeable
future.
1. Decline in the construction work force at the Carolina
Power and Light and Pfizer Plants.
2. Completion of U.S. 17r n Brunswick
makeCounty
North -
Wilmington providing easieaccess
west Township area more desirable for residential or in-
dustrial development.
3. Completion of the Carolina Power and Light generating
plant could attract electrically fueled industry.
4. Possible location of industry using products of the
Pfizer Plant.
5. Lower out -migration as a result of more job opportunities.
11

X-9
6. Development of the County Water System may attract in- •
„* dustry.
7. The apparent end of the downward trend in the birth rate.
8. National trend iearlier
Retireeireent age inmmigrationcould result in
an increasing rate
9. National trends to the four day work week resulting in
more available leisure time could result in greater tourism.
10. Increasing over flow from the Myrtle Beach area into the
Western Coastal Area of the County.
This is by no means a complete list nor is there any way to
fully predict the impact of any of the factors on the list. How-
ever, conditions do exist in Brunswick County that could lead to
population increases equal to or even greater than that of the past
five years. _... _._.
V. SEASONAL POPULATION PROJECTIONS 1975-1985
Brunswick County attracts a seasonal population that at peak
times nearly equals the permanent population of the County. This
seasonal population is mostly confined to the beach communities and
along the Intracoastal Waterway, therefore the impact of this popu-
lation is confined to a very small portion of the County. This seaso-
nal population generates a tremendous impact on water supplies, waste
disposal and the road systems, the most critical seemingly being
waste disposal. Presently, much of the County's estaurine waters
are closed to shellfishing because of pollution contributed to
septic tanks.
The Peak Week visitation for 1975 was calculated to be 33,193
persons with the year total of 648,295. By 1985, the peak week is
projected to have 41,271 visitors with the year's total being 790,268,0
meaning an even greater impact on water, waste disposal and roads.

,.,NO
X-10
The seasonal populations are projected on a constant 2% annual
growth rate which was the percent generally suggested by rental
agents in the resort areas. Previous to 1974, our base year, there
were no surveys of the County's visitation which to base a projection.
The rental agencies 2% annual growth reflects the units available
for rent only and not the non-rental/owner rented second homes that
in 1974 provided 67% of accomodations for the seasonal population.
In areas where building permits have been issued for several years,
new home construction has been at an annual rate of 5% or more
however these areas do not represent enough of the total resort sec-
tion to conclude an overall growth rate of 5% or more.
The projections also assume that the pact development trend
of primarily single family second homes and mobile homes on existing
platted lots will continue; that there will be no major motel or
multi -family development; and there will be no major change in
other factors influencing second homes development. The projections
do not include "pass through" visitors. C hart PP.7 presents the
projections for both Peak Week and Total Year Visitation.
CHART PP-7
Seasonal Population
Projections
Peak Week And Year Total 1975 - 1985
Year
Peak Week
Year Total
197
,635,583
1975
33,857
648,295
1976
34,534
661,261
1977
37,225
674,486
1978
35,929
687,975
1979
36,648
701,735
1980
37,381
715,770
1981
38,128
730,085
1982
38,891
744,687
1983
39,669
759,580
1984
40,462
774,772
1985
41 271
790,268
,ig/4 - uase rear
SOURCE: Brunswick County Planning Department

X-11
VI. SUMMARY •
1. Brunswick County's population in 1975 was 35,621 which was
down slightly from the peak of 35,822 in 1974
2. These estimates were made using the Bureau of Census Component
Method II and supported by four other methods used asa check.
3. Smithville Township has a 76% population increase from 1970
to 1975 and now ranks second after being fourth in 1970.
Town Creek was first in both 1970 and 1975.
4: Town Creek and Northwest, the other two townships most closely
related to the industrial construction ranked second and third
in population increase from 1970 to 1975.
5. Southport and Shallotte, ranked one and two in population for
many years became number one and four respectively in 1975 as
Long Beach gained the number two position and Boiling Spring
Lakes became number three.
6. The population projection for 1980 is 40,400; 1985-50,800;
1990-59,000; 1995-68,600 and 2000-79,800.
7. Conditions exist in Brunswick County that could lead to
population increases equal to or even greater than that of the
past five years.
8. Peak Week visitation is projected to be over 41,000 and total
year visitation over 790,000 by 1985.
�J

SECTION XI
LAND CLASSIFICATION

XI-1
LAND CLASSIFICATION
The North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act Guidelines
require that each city, town, and county located in the twenty
county coastal area develop a land classification map classify-
ing all of the land within a given jurisdiction into one of
five classes. The criteria for the allocation of land into
these categories are explicitly set forth in the State Guidelines,
and the final adopted land classification maps for the twenty
county coastal region will be combined into a coordinated,
consistent expression of local policy at the large regional scale.
The five land classes comprising the North Carolina Land
Classification System are:
Developed Lands where existing population density is
moderate to high and where there are a variety of land
uses which have the necessary public services.
Transition Lands where local government pland' to
accommodate moderate to high density development dur-
ing the following ten year period and where necessary
public services will be provided to accomodate that
growth.
Community Lands where low density development is
grouped in existing settlements or will occur in such
settlements during the following ten year period and
which will not require extensive public services other
• than water now or in the future.

XI-2
0
Rural Lands whose highest use is for agriculture,
forestry, mining, water supply, etc., based on their i
natural resources potential. Also, lands for future
needs not currently recognized.-
Conservation Fragile, hazard and other Lands necessary
to maintain a health natural environment and necessary
to provide for the public health, safety, or welfare.
The inclusion of a land area into a land classification
category does not dictate the type of land use that will be
allowed in a particular location. Several of the classes
provide for and are designed to encourage a variety of land
uses.
Although, as indicated above, the specific requirements
of the land classification system are set forth at the State
level, each jurisdiction's land classification map is developed
locally and adopted by the local governing body prior to sub-
mission to the Coastal Resources Commission. As a result of
• this process, the land classification map represents a graphic
statement of local government policy with regard to where, when
and to what densities future land development will be encouraged.
CITIZEN INPUT IN PREPARATION
OF
LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
The entire Coastal Area Management Act planning process
has been oriented towards citizen participation and has contin-
ually provided mechanisms for citizen input into the preparat
-- of the land classification map. The primary input has taken the
form of future growth policies and identification of existing

XI-3
problems and issues and desired future services, all of which
• were recommended by citizens in the County and ultimately
adopted by the County Commissioners. The public has also been
encouraged to comment on draft land classification proposals,
and many of these comments have been incorporated in the final
adopted land classification map appeari,:g in this document.
A policy of compact growth and growth along existing and
proposed service corridors has been adopted by the County
Commissioners pursuant to recommendations resulting from public
participation activities. Land classification directly addresses
this policy objective as illustrated on the land classification
map. Those areas delineated in the Transition category are for
the most part concentrated so as to encourage compact develop-
ment in areas where urban services are to be provided in the
up -coming decade. The delineation of these Transition areas
enables the County and Towns to not only plan in terms of the
provision of water and sewer service, but as an indication of
where future populations will locate, it allows for planning in
terms of other governmental services such as schools, police
protection, fire protection, etc.
The Transition category is not the only land class which
addresses local growth policies. For example, a policy to dis-
courage development in areas where septic tanks will not funct-
ion was also proposed by citizens of the County and adopted by
the County Commissioners. As indicated, the Community category
provides for development at densities which should never require
both water and sewer service. In order to insure this, the
• -Community class areas are limited to those lands with soils

• XI-4
types in which septic tanks should function properly over an
indefinite period of time. •
The loss of agricultural lands to other uses was a
problem identified through public participation activities
and also recognized and adopted by the County Commissioners.
The land classification map for Brunswick County also addresses
this issue. Both the Transition and Community classes are
delineated so as to avoid, where possible, existing productive
agriculture and forestry lands. The Rural category, in which
only very low density development is to occur, encompasses the
majority of the land in the County engaged in these two act-
ivities at -the present time.
Many other identified and adopted problems and issues are
addressed less directly by land classification. Water pollution
particularly in shell fish waters, was identified as a problem
in the County. The Transition areas located adjacent to the
Intra-Coastal Water Way and other estuarine waters will help
to alleviate this major problem. As public sewer service is
nt will no longer have to depend on septic
provided, developme
tanks which may be directly related to water pollution in these
areas.
BRUNSWICK COUNTY LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP
The projected permanent and seasonal population for Bruns
-
wich County in 1985 is the primary input used in the preparation
of the land classification map. The Developed, Transition and
Community Class allocations are all directly related to the
expected population level in 1985. While the Rural Class is
P
not directly a result population o ulation projections, these are la*
which are not expected to be needed for higher density develop-

XI-5
ment and are essentially "left over" from the above three
• allocations. The Conservation category is the only Class which
is in no way related to population, but is allocated based on
completely independent criteria.
Below is a discussion of each of the land classification
categories which appears on the Brunswick County Land Classifi-
cation Map with a description of the classes, the criteria
used in mapping land allocation and specific problems which
arose when applying the Land Classification system locally.
Developed: These are geographic areas which at the present have
a minimum -gross density of 2,000 persons per square mile. In
addition to this minimum population density these areas must
also be served by "...existing public services including water
and sewer systems, educational systems and road systems" (State
Guidelines .... p.40).
There is only one area of Brunswick County which presently
meets all of these criteria for allocation to the Developed
Class, the Southport incorporated area. Other areas of Bruns-
wich County have surpassed the 2,000 person per square mile
gross density requirement, however the majority of these areas
have neither water nor sewer service. This problem will be
discussed below with the Transition Class.
TRANSITION: Lands allocated to the Transition Class are
those lands which are planned to accomodate a minimum gross
density of 2,000 persons per square mile in 1985. These are
also areas in which local government, city or county plans to
• provide both water and sewer service within the up -coming ten
year period.

XI-6
Transition Class lands are basically those areas in which
local government will encourage a change to the Developed
category by 1985.
The State Guidelines provide a formula for the allocation
of land area to the Transition category. This formula requires
that the projected population growth that is expected to occupy
Transition areas be employed in the allocation of lands to the
•
Transition Class at a minimum gross density of 2,000 persons per
square mile. This formula assumes that the majority of the
existing population occupies lands which are presently developed
and provided with services so as to meet Developed Class require-
ments or are developed so as not to require urban level services
at all.
This unfortunately is not the situation which exists
currently in Brunswick County. As indicated above, Southport
with a present estimated population of 2,900 permanent residents
and 150 peak seasonal visitors is the only area in the County
which presently meets the Developed Class requirements. This
population represents only 8% of the permanent residents of the
County and when combined with peak seasonal, it represents only
3% of the total County population.
As a result the large majority of the residents of Bruns-
wick County live in areas which do not enjoy urban level services.
In order to adequately address this problem, the State Guidelines
formula was modified for the Transition allocation in Brunswick
County. Rather than use population growth alone as the determin-
ent of the Transition area, the total (permanent and seasonal)
-projected population was employed in this compulation. 0

XI-7
In accordance with the State Guidelines requirements, the first
• priority lands for allocation to the Transition category were
those areas which presently exhibit a gross population density
of 2,000 persons per square mile. The second priority included
those areas which have experienced septic tank problems and/or
face potential public health threats in terms of contamination
of on -site wells or pollution of estuarine waters to which
much existing residential development is adjacent. The third
priority provides for inclusion of more areas where future devel-
opment is expected and can be Blustered through the provision
of services. The forth priority includes lands located along
existing or proposed service corridors in which higher density
development is to be encouraged.
The Brunswick County Land Classification Map displays a
total of 28.97*square miles of Transition Class lands, 4.06
square miles of which are located in the boundaries of incorp-
orated areas not within the Brunswick County Planning Department
Coastal Area Management Act planning jurisdiction. The Transition
areas within the Brunswick County Planning Department Coastal
Area Management Act planning jurisdiction encompass a total of
25.91 square miles of land. At a minimum gross density of
2,000 persons per square mile, this area will accomodate a
population of 49,831, 54% of the total County projected 1985
population. The majority of those Transition areas appearing
on the Land Classification Map are concentrated in existing
*Note: Transition areas were calculated on 1" = 400' and
• _ 1" = 2,000' maps, therefore acreages computed on
the 1" = 2 mile map included with this report may
vary slightly.

XI-8
intensively developed areas including the Beaches adjacent
to the intra-coastal waterway and in the Northeastern portion •
of the County.
Estimates have been computed with regard to the expected
costs of providing services to the Transition areas delineated
in the Brunswick County Planning Department Coastal Area Manage-
ment Act planning jurisdiction. Estimates have been limited to
the costs of providing water and sewer service alone. In areas
where existing public water service is available, the values
represented by these capacities were deducted from the cost
estimates.
Two separate cost estimates have been calculated, one
which represents the total costs of service provision.with an
area developed at urban (2,000 /mi.2) densities and another
which includes the initial necessary governmental investment
in service provision. This initial investment would cover the
cost of water acquisition, treatment and storage, waste water
treatment, the installation of major water mains and sewage
trunk lines. Both cost calculations include the above mentioned
components as well as sewage pumping stations, manholes, fire
hydrants and estimated engineering and inspection costs.
These cost estimates are at best a basic indication of the
order of magnitude costs that can be anticipated in the provision
of services to the Transition areas. Before a reliable cost
estimate can be made, in-depth engineering studies of the cost
of providing services to these areas would necessarily have to
be completed. •

XI-9
The total estimated cost of providing water and sewer service
!� •
to the Transition area allocated in the Brunswick County Planning
Department Coastal Area Management Act planning jurisdiction is
$91,383,241. The initial governmental investment making services
available within the areas has been estimated at $22,559,592.
The difference between these two estimates, $68,823,649,repre-
sents costs which could be borne by developers in the provision
of collection and distribution systems when delreloping a new
subdivision, commercial or industrial operation and can also
be met through special assessments and tap on fees from potent-
ial service users.
The initial government investment will have to be appropriat-
ed from local government revenues, grant monies, bond issues, etc.
As indicated in the economic portion of this report, Brunswick
County presently has statutory bonded indebtedness limit
$100,000,000 and is currently meeting obligations for approximate-
ly 3.6% of that limit. With such a large remaining bond
capacity the County (if it be the will of the voters) could bear
its share of the costs of providing services to the allocated
Transition areas.
COMMUNITY: The Community Class provides for clusters of
development that will occur in predominately rural areas. The
density in Community Class areas will be maintained at a lower
level than that of Transition Class lands so that water and
sewer service will not be required. Lands included in the
Community Class on the Brunswick County Land Classification Map
are primarily areas where existing development has clustered
•

XI-10
in cross roads type settlements and additional land has been
allocated for future development adjacent to these clusters. •
Although Community Class areas will not require both water and
sewer, small scale community water systems could be constructed.
The State Guidelines also suggest a maximum gross density
(640 persons /mi.2) for the allocation of Community Class lands.
The Brunswick County Land Classification Map contains 25.59
square miles of Community Class land which will accomodate 16,134
persons or 18% of the total projected County population for 1985.
CONSERVATION: The State Guidelines identify Conservation
lands as areas that are naturally fragile to intensive develop-
ment, or areas which due to natural or man made hazards offer
some potential threat to development and the public health,
safety and welfare. Lands allocated to the Conservation Class
should be maintained in a natural state with only very limited
non -intensive use.
Those lands included in the Conservation Class in Bruns-
wick County Planning Department Coastal Area Management Act
planning jurisdiction meet one (or more) of the three criteria
listed below:
a) All lands included in proposed Areas of
Environmental Concern.
b) Fragile freshwater wetlands with except-
ional scenic and aesthetic qualities and
potential for future passive and active
recreational uses.
c) Natural and man made hazard areas (i.e. the
U.S. Army owned buffer easement which encircles
the Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal).
RURAL: All of the remaining land area in Brunswick Count
not included in the above allocations falls into the Rural Class.

XI-11
Rural class lands are intended for resource production(4gri-
• culture and forestry) and low density development compatable
with these activities. These are areas which due to the low
intensity of land use will not require urban level public
services.
As indicated in the discussion of the Developed category,
Brunswick County faces a unique situation due to the almost
total absence of urban services within both incorporated and
unincorporated intensively developed areas. The majority of
the area included in the Transition Class allocation is presently
developed so that the acquisition of large tracts of land for
future residential subdivisions or industrial development would
be essentially impossible.
As a result of this predicament, the Brunswick County Land
Classification Map has included three additional categories
--Rural Residential, Rural Industrial, Conservation --Industrial
access. Although not included in the State Guidelines, they
are consistent with the intent of the Coastal Area Management
Act and the Land Classification system, and these categories
address the peculiar situation in Brunswick County.
RURAL RESIDENTIAL: The Rural Residential Class is intended
as a sub category in the Rural Class in which urban residential
type development (and supportive commercial) would be allowed
under the condition that urban level services are provided by
the developer. These lands are located in areas where a commit-
ment to develop (recordation of plat, physical improvements, etc.)
has been made by the private sector. Connection to existing
-• County water and sewer systems would be permitted, with all costs

XI-12
of connection borne by the developer. The Rural Residential
Class allocation encompasses 27.1 square miles of land on the •
Brunswick County Land Classification Map.
RURAL INDUSTRIAL: One of the growth policies adopted
by the County Commissioners(recommended by citizens) states
that ----"Brunswick County will continue to encourage desirable
industrial development and maintain a favorable climate for exist-
ing and new industry". As illustrated above, the Land Classificat-
ion system when applied in Brunswick County would essentially
prohibit the implementation of this policy.
The Rural Industrial Class addresses this problem by provid-
ing adequate undeveloped land for industrial development. In-
dustries wishing to locate in these areas would have to provide
both water and sewer services at their own expense. County Water
could be provided where available, however public waste water
treatment would not be supplied. A total of .56.5 square miles
of land are included in this category on the Brunswick County Land
Classification Map.
CONSERVATION --INDUSTRIAL ACCESS: Located in the Northeastern
portion of Brunswick County along the Cape Fear and.Brunswick
Rivers are several existing industrial operations as well as a
large area classified as Rural Industrial. In order that access
to the Rivers can be available to industry for transportation,
process water, etc. the Conservation --Industrial Access Class
is proposed. Lands in this category would otherwise be class-
ified conservation, and likewise lands in the proposed category
would be maintained in their natural state with only low inten*y
�- access -egress uses.

XI 13
COUNTY - CITY RELATIONSHIPS
• Throughout the contents of this plan, references have
been made to ,the Coastal Area Management Act planning jurisdic-
tion of the Brunswick County Planning Department. The County
Planning Department has been responsible for the preparation of
a plan for the unincorporated area of the County and seven
incorporated areas, including: Boiling Spring Lakes, Bolivia,
Calabash, Ocean Isle Beach, Shallotte, Shady Forest and Yaupon
Beach. As these plans were prepared by the same staff, any in-
consistencies in land classifications have been resolved and the
plan appears as one consistent unit.
Plans for the four remaining towns in the County were
prepared by private consultants or the State Department of.
Natural and Economic Resources. Three of these towns, Holden
Beach, Long Beach and Sunset Beach, only interface with the
unincorporated area over a limited geographic area and thus
limit the potential for land classification inconsistencies.
On the Land Classification Map included with the report,
there is only one area in which the classifications of land
area adjacent to one another are inconsistent. This is the
extra -territorial zoning area of the City of Southport which
has been classified (in the Southport plan) as rural along
N.C. 211 in the E.T.A. Commerical, industrial and residential
development presently exist along this roadway both in the E.T.A.
and into the unincorporated area of the County. There is pre-
sently a municipal waterline (City of Southport) that is located
• along this roadway extending approximately two miles into the

XI-14
unincorporated area of the County. The unincorporated areas
^� abutting the Southport E.T.A. on 211 on the County Land
•
Classification map are Transition due to existing development,
the presence of service and an apparent continuing demand for
development in this area.
•

SECTION XII
SUWRY.

XI I-1
vII. Summary
• The methods of data collection and analysis utilized in preparation of each
section of the planning report are discussed in those respective sections.
The following is a list of some of the major conclusions resulting from the data
collection process.
POPULATION
1. From the time of the first census in 1790 to the latest in 1970,
Brunswick County's population has grown at varying rates. There
were two distinct trends during this period with a census de-
cade growth rate of 14% or more occurring from 1790 to 1900 and
a growth rate of 8% or less from 1900 to 1960. A third trend
period may have started in 1960 as the 1960 to 1970 growth
rate was over 19%, the third highest 10 year period since 1790
and population estimates show that this trend is continuing
at a higher rate.
2. The population change within the County has varied considerably
by Townships. Only two townships have grown at a steady rate
since 1930 and one has had a steady decline.
The other three Townships have had a little or no growth
period followed by rapid growth. The population majority was
in the eastern three townships in 1930 then shifted to the west
in 1940 and back to the east in 1970.
3. Southport has been the largest town, followed by Shallotte
since 1930 but the beach communities, especially Long Beach and
-

XI 1-2
Yaupon Beach, and Boiling Spring Lakes have had the highest
growth rates. •
4. Both the Birthrate and Natural Increase Rate have declined in
recent years while the Death Rate declined from 1930 to 1950,
then increased in 1960 and declined again in 1970. The Non -White
birth rate was higher than the White birth rate until the 1970-
1974 period when the White birth rate exceeded the Non -White
for the first time.
.5. Migration has been the primary factor in the population changes
of Brunswick County. Since 1930 almost all of the Non -White
Natural Increase was lost through out -migration as was a major
portion of the White Natural Increase until 1960. .From 1960
to 1970, in -migration of Whites made up for nearly all of the
White Natural Increase loss from 1930 to 1960. Current popu-
lation estimates reveal that heavy in -migration continued from
1970 to 1974 with 10,028 persons moving into the County.
The probable reason for the out -migration of earlier years
was the general decline of small farms and few jobs were a-
vailable in the County. In the late 1960's, a major employer
began operations in the County and new major construction
projects were started in the early 1970's. These undoubtedly
contributed to migration change by slowing out -migration and
creating in -migration, especially for construction workers.
Several retirement home areas have been started in.Brunswick
County and retired home owners have also contributed to in -
migration..' •

XI I-3
The U..S. Department of Commerce states that the Southeastern
States, especially the coastal areas, are receiving large in
migration and since Brunswick County is in this category, it
can be assumed that population'growth through in -migration will
continue.
6. Both.the White and Non -White population have had an increasingly
percentage of Widowed, Divorced and Separated persons. Other
than that, the -trends have been different. The percentage of
-Married persons has been constant for Whites, declining for Non -
Whites and the.percentage of Single has decreased for Whites,
increased for Non -Whites.. _.
7. -The average household sixe.has.decreased over the years. Non-
White household size has been and -still is larger than White
household size. The 1970 ranges in total household sizes were
a high 3.69 persons -in Northwest Township to a low of 3.03 in
Smithville. The White retirement population is Smithville
is reflected in the low 2.84 persons per household of the White
population. The decrease in average household parallels the
• decrease in birth rates and Natural increase rates.
8. The Median age of Brunswick County's population is growing older.
From 1950 to 1970, the Median age rose from 22.6 years to 26.4
years. Five factors influenced this change. The birth rates
and death .rates have declined, the out -migration prior to 1960
was primarily of persons under 30, the in -migration was primarily
of persons over 30 and the development of retirement home
areas. _

XI I-4
9. During the 1950 to 1970 period, the percentage of the popula- •
tion under 18 dropped from 42.5% to 37.4% while the percentage
of 65 and older increased from 5.9% to 8.4%. For the in between
age groups, the total increase of persons 45 to 64 was over
twoce that of persons 20 to 39.
10. The most dramatic change of any population group was in the
Farm*Population which was 53% in 1950 and 13% in 1970. (The
decline of the farm population parallels the out -migration prior
to 1960) The cause of the change was twofold, one being the
mass exodus from the farms plus in -migration of non -farm popu-
lation. Most of the County's farms were small and became unable
to provide.a livelihood in competition with larger, mechanized
and more efficient operations. Although agriculture still is
important, Brunswick County can no longer be considered a major
agricultural County.
11. As.previously stated, the heaviest out -migration was of the
Non -White population while the in -migration was of White popula-
tion. These factors have reduced the Non -White percentage of the
population from 36.7% in 1950 to 30.7% in 1970. Even in total
numbers the 1950 to 1970 increase of Non -Whites was 409 compared
to a total population increase of 4,985.
12. The.Educational Attainment of Brunswick County Residents has
shown great improvement since 1950 but is still low. The 1950,
only 7.2% were high school graduates and Median School year
completed was 7.3 years. In 1970, 29.5% has graduated from high
school and the Median School Year completed was 9.2. Since 1968,
40% or more of the high school graduates went on to a higher •

XI I-5
education institution except for -two years. If the County's
residents are to successfully compete for better jobs they
must obtain higher levels of education and skills these jobs
requi re.
13. Brunswick County has a Natural Resource, its beaches; that
are in great demand for recreation purposes. This resource
creates a seasonal population currently of appsoximately 33,200
people in the peak week and can be expected to grow substantially
in the future. The seasonal population has remained low because
each of the beach areas are seasonal home development with little
recreational variety instead of family resort beaches. Should
recreational facilities and transient lodging be developed,
the seasonal population would literally explode.
14. Overall, Brunswick County may well be in an extended period of
rapid population growth, now at 84% a year, especially if indus-
• trial growth continues. There.are increasing pressure on the
beach areas to provide accomodations for vacationers as the ex-
isting family resort beaches are developed to capacity resulting
in larger and larger seasonal visitation. The retirement areas
should see increasing growth.

XI 1-6
ECONOMIC
1. The first .major industrial development occurred in Brunswick County
in the late 1960's. Since then, six other plants have opened or are
under construction. As of 1975, 89% of the manufacturing employment was
with companies that located in the County after 1960. The chemical
industry provides 80% of the manufacturing jobs. The total manufacturing
payroll in 1974 was $36.5 million and contributed 46.4% of the primary
Economic Activity.
2. Agriculture seems to have stablized after a steady decline of many
years. Acreage of harvested crop land increased 36% from 1972 to 1974.
The cash receipts from.farm marketing (including government payments)
has generally increased from year to yera with large increases coming
each year since 1971. The total value in 1974 was $13.8 million
which was 17.6% of the Primary Economic Activity. Farm employment
was 795 in early 1975, the highest in many years.
3. Managed Forest Land constitutes the largest single land use in Brunswick
County. The 1974 employment in Forestry was 70 and the value of
harvested trees was $1.6 million dollars and provided 2% of the Primary
Economic Activity. The principle forest product is pulpwood. The
County generally ranks among the top five in pulpwood production in
the State.
4.. Brunswick County's Seafood Industry consistly ranks second in the
State in both catch and value, although the average price per pound
is the lowest. This is because of the County leads the state in

XI I-7
industrial fish catch which has a very low value. Shrimp is the
•
leading shellfish catch while sea bass is the primary food fish
..
caught. The County provides about 5% of the total state shellfish
catch and about 2% of the food fish catch. An estimated 1400 persons
work in the seafood industry and the total 1973 value was $3.5 million
which was 4.5% of the Primary Economic Activity.
5. Although Tourism contributed $19 million, 24.1% of the Primary Economic
Activity in 1974, lack of motels, campgrounds and commercial recreation
facilities are detriments to greater tourism. The majority of the
seaonsal visitors are second home owners and their guests. of the
expenditures by visitors, 49% was for food, 26.6% for recreation, 121A
for auto expenses, 31A for lodging and 8% for miscellaneous expenditures.
visitors staying in the County spent $14 million and pass through
traffic, $5 million.
f the Primary Economic Activity constitutes
6. Transportation as a portion o
two shipping facilities employing 335 persons with a payroll of $4.2
million which provides 5.4% of the Primary Economic Activity.
7. Retail Sales reached $69 million in 1974 and has grown at an excellent
rate since 1971. Retail Sales are a basic measure of the. Secondary
Economic Activities -
a. Construction is classed as a Secondary Economic Activity because of
its non -permanent nature. There has been a construction boom in the
County since 1970 with as many as 3,700 workers employed on major projects
though it is now on the decline. The 1974 employement was 3,880 with
million which contributed 84.8% of the Secondary
a payroll of $55.8
• _ `Economic Activity.
employed in Communications, Transportation
9. In 1974, 310 persons were
` and Utilities with a payroll of $3 million which contributed 3.5%
of the Secondary Economic Activity.

XI 1-8
10. Trade employed 1,150 persons in 1974 and the $4.4 million contributed
�6.7% of the Secondary Economic Activity. •
11. Finance, Insurance and Real Estate's 1974 payroll was $1.8 million,
2.7% of the Secondary Economic Activity and 250 persons were employed
in these activities. Bank demand deposits and Savings deposits in
Banks and Savings and Loan Associations tripled from 1965 to 1974 with
67% of the increase in bank deposits and 80$ of saving deposits came
after 1970. Another Savings and Loan Association opened in 1975.
12. The Service industry employed 260 persons in 1974 and the $1.5 million
_payroll contributed 2.3% of the Secondary Economic Activity.
1.3.._Stability and growth of the Secondary Economic Activities depend upon
the stability and growth of the Primary Economic Activities. Although
Construction employment is currently on the wane, it is probable that
at least one other major project will begin in 1976 or 1977.
14. .-Of the Primary Economic Activities, the Commercial Fishery is the only
questionable area because of the declining catch of Industrial fish.
There would seem to be an opportunity to expand the deep sea food
fish catch. Manufacturing in the County is composed of very stable
companies mostly and this portion of the Primary Activities is indeed
solid. Manufacturing should continue to grow, especially in the eastern
part.of the County. Agriculture should remain stable or increase as should
the. Forestry Industry. Tourism will Irow at the same rate as the
availability of accomodations grows. The Tourism season could be
extended to all year if attractions were developed and a good promotion
program established. There will be greater pressure in the future
for more intense development as the supply of undeveloped beach property
become less and less. •

xi 1-9
• 15. With the coming of Major industry in the 1960's the Median Income of
Brunswick County Families increased significantly to $6,409 in 1970
and has probably grown much more since then but is still below the
state average. The Mediab Income of Non -White Families has increased
at a higher percentage than for White but the Non -White Median Income
is still well behind.
16. The coming of Major Industry also influenced population. Most of the
industry located in the eastern part of Brunswick County and population
shifted from 51% in the west in 1960 to 53% in the east in 1970.
13. The average gross income reported on North Carolina Individual Income
Tax Returns has increased at twice the rate of returns indicating
rapidly increasing income levels. The average income per returnin
1973 was $8,010. Most of the increase came after 1971.
18. An indicator of -a higher standard of living for Brunswick County
residents in automobile registration. In 1960, there was one auto-
mobile for each 4§% residents and in 1970 one per 2h residents.
19. The value of intangible property has increased at an annual rate of
$6.4 million since 1970. In 1974, the total value of intangible
property owned by Brunswick County residents was $41.6 million.
20. Females in the labor force increased from 17h% of the total in 1950
to 321A in 1970.
21. Total labor force increased steadily since 1966 with major increases
coning after 1970. Most of the increase has been in manufacturing,
trade•and construction. Agricultural employment declined until 1975.
The number of employed persons peaked in 1973 with slight declines
_� since, primarily because of decline in construction.

XII-10
22. The 1974-1975 recession and completion of major construction projects
cuased the unemployment rate to climb to 13% in early 1975. Indications •
are that there was a good recovery in mid 1975 except in the construction
industry.
23. In 1970, 2,533 Brunswick residents worked outside of the County and
1846 non-residents held jobs in Brunswick County. Most of the residents
working outside of the County worked in New Hanover and New Hanover
supplied most of the non-residents working in the County. In 1970,
jobs were available in the County for 91% of the labor force.
24. The total tax base has risen from $83.9 million in 1965 to an estimated
'$1.25 billion in 1975. Industrial development has been the major con-
tributor to this increase. The individual 1965 to estimated 1975 in-
creases were: Real Property - $61.5 million to 545.2 million,
Personal Property - $17.8 million to 239.4 million and Utilities - $4.6
million to 465.3 million.
25. The tax base is very stable with 81% being in Real and Utility Property.
26. The tax rate has declined though the total levy has increased, but at
a slower rate than the tax base.
27. An estimated 76% of the tax base is owned by non-residents.
28. overall, 37% of the tax base is owned by Utilities, 28% by Business
and 35% by Individuals.
29. Ad Valorem taxes provided 49% of the County's revenue in 1968 and
61% in 1974. The other major revenue source, State and Federal aid,
has increased in dollar amounts but not as fast as Ad Valorem taxes.
30. From 1968 to 1974 (before appraisal), the tax base grew at an annual
rate of 59% compared to 41% for revenue and 30% for expenditures.
31. As present construction of major industry is completed and put on the •
- tax -books, the tax base will have substantial gains.
32. Brunswick County has an extremely stable and healthy tax base.

XII 11
POPULATION ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS
1.
Brunswick County's population in 1975 was 35,621 which was
down slightly -from the peak of 35,822 in 1974
2.
These estimates were made using the Bureau of Census Component
Method II and supported by four other methods used asa check.
3.
Smithville Township has a 76% population increase from 1970
to 1975 and now ranks second after being fourth in 1970.
Town Creek was first in both 1970 and 1975.
4.
Town Creek and Northwest, the other two townships most closely
related to the industrial construction ranked second and third
in population increase from 1970 to 1975.
5.
Southport and Shallotte, ranked one and two in population for
many years became number one and four respectively in 1975 as
Long Beach gained the number two position and Boiling Spring
Lakes became number three.
6.
The population projection for 1980 is 40,400; 1985-50,800;
1990-59,000; 1995-68,600 and 2000-79,800.
7. Conditions exist in Brunswick County that could lead to
population increases equal to or even greater than that of the
past five years.
8. Peak Week visitation is projected to be over 41,000•and total
year visitation over 790,000 by 1985.
GENERAL SOIL CONDITIONS
Soils Best Suited for Development
'' The three associations that can handle development for the county are grouped together-,
and indicated as the plain white or uncolored portions of the soil suitability map. These
areas are made up of the following three associations:
1) The Lakeland, Rimiui',. Wagram Association
2) The Lynchburg, Goldsboro, Johns Association
• 3)The Bladen, Dunbar,Craven Association

Xi I-12
Conclusion •
Out of the County's total land acreage of 558,720 acres, the following breakdowns
resulted from the land suitability analysis:
.
Category
Acres
X of Total
1)
Soils with
Limitations for Functional
305,120
54.6%
Septic Tank Systems
2)
Soils with
Limitations for the Adequate
233,520
41.8%
Support of
Building Foundations
3)
Soils Well
Suited for Development
247,000
44.3%
4)
Soils Well
Suited for Agricultural
139,940
25.1%
Production
5)
Soils Well
Suited for Forest Production
325,200
58.2%
SEPTIC TANK PROBLEM AREAS
Often times, before a water supply for human consumption is contaminated by septic
tank seepage, marine organisms are affected. up to a certain point, which varies
depending on the species, this diminution in water quality can be•tolerated by these
creatures which dwell in our coastal waters. When this tolerance level is exceeded,
the different marine species either die off or become unfitfor human consumption.
,The -four major elements of our society that are mainly responsible foi the
closing of once productive shellfish areas in Brunswick County are:
(1) improperly functioning septic tanks;
(2) boats flushing toilets into estuarine waters;
(3) runoff from.many small cattle and swine producing farms adjacent to our
estuaries; and
(4) Overload and malfunction of municipal sewage treatment plants adjacent to •
-' • . Brunswick County.

XI I-13
• Basically the septic tank issue boils down to be a difficult public policy question.
These decisions involve determining whether to limit further increases in density, to put
money and energy into the system to provide alternative methods of waste disposal, or to
tolerate the diminution.in water quality as.an acceptable "cost" of further development.
If neither one of the first two choices is made, then the third alternative is chosen by
default. In any event at some point density must be regulated or public health problems
will become the end result.
Circumstantial Mistakes:
It•is'all too easy to attempt to point the blame for the failure of septic tanks at
individuals such as the bujMer, the septic tank installer, the Health Department Official,
othar
the home owner, or same,,State or local Official. It is true that all of these poeple
may make mistakes fran time to time which can result in a septic tank failure,but they
are done in an unoonsciou S manner,
Brunswick County is in such a predicamentbecause it is growing very fast and more demands
are planed on the septic tank regulation entities. With this additional pressure for
growth, the following errors are ccmionly made:
(1) Lots with high water tables which should have never been approved by the local Health
Department and the soil scientists are approved, because the lot was inspected during
the dry seasons.
(2) Percolation tests which are not done prgPcly because of limits on time and man pmmry
are the beginnings of septic failures..
files of this situation are not enough percolation test pointsland test holes which
were not saturated the day before readings are made. Most of these shortcuts are used
only where work loads increase and result in the improper analysis of the proposed
building lot.

XII-14
(3) If this percolation rate is in error then the design of the septic system is in
error also. Usually this results in a waste water absorption system that is too small •
for the moist conditions that actually exist. In addition, many of the systems are
Placed too deep and the drainage lines become flooded from a rising water table.
(4) Small lot size is another variable that restricts the effectiveness of a septic
tank filter field by demanding smaller absorption field areas so the drainage system
can stay within the boundary of the lot. A mi.ninm lot size ordinance in Brunswick
Wf to
County wouldhalleviate this common problem and take pressures off the persons involved
with regulation.
Septic tank system installation is a very important business to insure a functioning
C�1
system. It is necessary to dig to the correct depth, place in the right drain tile,
with the proper grade, on top of. the frost efficient filter gravel in the absorption
tren%Ahz, to match the individual site needs. All to often one of these important variables
is overlooked.
Finally maintenance and proper operation of the finished septic tank system by the
home owners or occupants is a most important variable to insure a functioning "healthy"
system. Too often the wrong chemicals and objects are flushed into the tanks and too
heavy of an overload is placed on the capacity of the filter fields to absorb the waste
waters. When waste input exceeds design capacity output, like in the beach areas during
summer visitation, the system becomes worthless. Also chemicals and grease may be
placed into the tank which may kill or overload the digestion capabilities .of the bacteria.

XI I-15
SIGNIFICANCE AND VALUE OF SALTMARSHES
VI. Summary: In summary, the salt marshes serve as an essential:
1) habitat area for wildlife and waterfowl;
2) nutrient producer and food source for estuarine food chains;
3) sediment trap for river and estuarine waters;
4) water purifier and biological filter;
S) storm barrier and shore stabilizer; and an
6) aesthetic attraction for the coastal area.
CONCLUSION:
Every attempt has been made to present and educate those persons in decision
making capacities of the results of and conclusions drawn from the data collection
process. Large scale charts, graphs and maps were prepared and used extensively in
all public presentations and were fully explained prior to actual decision making
processes by local officials.

eo
SECTION XIII
HISTORIC
IN
BRUNSWICK
SITES
COUNTY
SECOND DRAFT
PREPARED BY BRUNSWICK COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
JANUARY,1976

XIII-1
INTRODUCTION
The following text includes an inventory and description of the
more significant Historic Sites found throughout Brunswick County, not
including Southport which shall require a separate study. This compila-
tion report illustrates how the major historic sites of Brunswick County
fit into early American History and explains their relationship to pre-
vious generations in the County.
Each Historic Site exists as a point in time along a calendar of
events which illustrates the scientific, cultural, technological, educa-
tional, judicial, social and economical achievements which help to mold
the present lifestyle. Through knowledge of the past we gain better
insight of the present and increase the appreciation for these unique
elements of our common inheritance.
Historic Sites are unique and nonrenewable educational resources
which owe their importance to associations with american history, archae-
ology, architecture and culture of the past. These valuable resources
constitute an integral part of the human environment by showing the in-
tegrity of past generations which in turn developes a special character
for Brunswick County.
In order to continue this unique County asset, there must be a compre-
hensive management program established within Brunswick County. It is the
wish of this Planning Department that a joint Southport - Brunswick County
Historic Preservation Commission become established to develop the means
necessary to protect these important historical resources. Such a program
would insure that most of the valuable Historic Sites will be present for
the future generations of Brunswick County.

XI I I-2
MAP (J0.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Index Of Brunswick County's Major Historic Sites
SITE LOCATION
Williams House On S.W. side of S.R. 1426, 0.7
mi. N.W. of junction with S.R.
1430, Phoenix Vicinity
OWNERSHIP
Private
Belvedere Planta-
tion
On west bank of Brunswick River
Hear juntion of U.S. 17-74-76
Private
And River Road
Railroad Hotel
On East Side of S.R. 1438 at
Private
Junction with U.S. 17, Lanvale
Winnabow Planta-
On S.W. side of S.R. 1521, 1.5
Private
tion
mi. S.E. of Junction with U.S.
17, Winnabow
Clarendon Plan-
Between N. C. 133 and Cape Fear
Private
tation
River S. of Mallory Creek and North
of Town Creek
Old Town Planta-
On H. Bank of Town Creek, at Cape
Private
tion
Fear River
Pleasant Oaks
At the intersection of Rt. 133 and
Private
Plantation
State Road 1518
Orton Plantation
On East side of S.R. 1529, across
Private
from S.R. 1530, near Brunswick Town
Brunswick Town
At the end of S.R.'1533, Orton Vi-
State
cinity
Fort Anderson
Along the Edge of the River at Bruns-
State
wick Town
St. Philips Church
N. C. 130 off U.S. 17, Brunswick
State
Town State Historic Site
Liberty Pond And
On West side of S.R. 1533, known
Private
Colonial Fort
as Orton Pond, Fort area is in
Sunny Point
Battery Lamb And•
Old Bunkers within Sunny Point,
Federal
Saltworks
Restrictive Zone and Saltworks near
juntion of Walden Creek and Cape
Fear
Price's Creek
W. Bank of Cape Fear River on
Private
Lighthouse
Price's Creek, at end of S.R. 1540
Southport
•
0

XI I I-3
MAP. NO.
SITE
LOCATION
OWNERSHIP
15
"The Rocks"
In the Cape Fear River and Extends
Federal
from Federal Point through Zeke's
Island to Smith Island Marshes
16
Quarantine Station
Within the Cape Fear River 1-1/8
Federal
miles Northeast of Southport
17
Fort Caswell
At the end of N. C. 133 at Caswell
Private
Beach
18
Bald Head Light-
In the N. W. Corner of Smith Is-
Private
house
land
19
Cape Fear Light-
South East Corner of Smith Island
Private
House Complex
20
Gauses Tomb
500 Feet Eastward From S.R. 1154
Private
and South pf Jinnys Branch Creek
21 Boundary House Located near the North and South Private
Carolina State Boundary, .4 mile
South of U.S. 17
22 Hickory Hall Along the Western town limits Private
of Calabash South of S.R. 1163
L�

/
OCATI ON OF H I-STOR I�C SITES Q>,7
6
2iI .
`% 21 22
17
14 15 16 Q-ff
BRUNSwICK" COUNTY'
NORTH CAROLINA
Scale (Miles)
2 10 1 2 3 4
\1
17
S
4 6
7
8
9
1 I 10
N
12 .13
1
i
J
v 18 19
I
a
lfpQ

XIII-5
The Williams House
The Williams House at Phoenix is one of the last surviving
country homes of it's era in North East Brunswick County. In October
of 1874 the tract of land was sold to the Spencer family and it was
latter conveyed back and forth until December 27 ninteen hundred when
the Williams family bought it from Samuel Chinnis.
The design and architectural style of this home lends itself to
historical significance since this building form has been modified since
the turn of the century. The brick walX is flanked by cedar trees
leading from the road to the front porch. There are seven steps about
eight feet long leading to the porch, which stretches across the front
of the house. It has board and batten construction that has turned a
light gray through the years.
One of the more unique aspects of this house is that the kitchen
and dining room are separated from the main house by a porch that ex-
tends across the rear of the home and down one side of the dining room
and kitchen. The dining room has a 57 inch fireplace with an 86 inch
mantle top. Both kitchens and dining rooms have tongue and groove walls
with chair rails. The Kitchen has a fireplace and also a flue in one
corner.
Another unique style of this 18th century home is it's front door
design. It has four small windows on either side with three above the
door way. As one enters a 10 foot wide Hallway that extends the length
the house from which one can enter.a living room and five bedrooms, each
•
having
it's
own fireplace. All of the rooms are 11 feet high and 15
by 15
feet
in size.

XIII-6
other
unique aspects of the house includes it's
beautiful
entrance
•
which has
large yaupon and magnolia trees scattered
throughout
the yard.
The house has five large chimneys and a stairway in the rear which leads
from the back porch to a storage area in the attic (Blake 1972).
Mr. Worth Williams of Wilmington indicated that the Williams
Family resided in this beautiful house for the past 75 years, however at
the present it is unoccupied.

XIII-7
• Belvedere Plantation
This Plantation site is situated nearly opposite the City of Wil-
mington on the banks of the Brunswick River and near the junction of
17-74-76 and River Road. It became the home site of two North Carolina
Governors, Benjamin Smith and Daniel Russell.
"Colonel William Dry was perhaps one of the first owners of the
piece of property. In later years his son-in-law, Benjamin Smith
owned it and established it as his main residence. In April of 1796
President George Washington had breakfast at Belvedere with his old
friend, who served under him during the war years. Smith was quite
young when he served as aide-de-camp to General Washington in the dan-
gerous but masterly retreat from Long Island after the defeat of the
American Army in August 1776" (Hall 1971).
"In 1783 Mr. Smith first appeared in the General Assembly of North
Carolina, representing Brunswick County in the Senate. Smith was elected
Governor of the State of North Carolina in 1810, and among his other
accomplishments he served as Grand Master of the Order of Masons of
North Carolina. It seems to be mere coincidence that Daniel Russell
later owned the Belvedere Plantation and also became Governor of the
State of North Carolina in 1898 (Asbury 1966).
The Plantation contained approximately 200 acres of tidal swamp
and under the ownership of Mr. Smith, 160 acres was banked, ditched,
and under rice cultivation. Also there was some 900 acres of pine
land which became utilized for the production of tar and pitch for
naval stores.
—� At one time the premises contained a manor house, a large two
story building with a cellar structure, which was connected by a

XIII-3
breezeway to a building one and a half stories, containing a kitchen, •
wash house, and carriage house, all of brick. Also on the site was a
smoke house, two story barn 110 feet long and 40 feet wide, contain-
ing a threshing machine, an overseer house and slave quarters with ne-
cessary out buildings.
Today if one visits the area, all that remains is the ruins of
a ballast stone building and some enormous oak trees which lend shade
and soft breezes to the site and are over 200 years in age. The plan-
tation site has been divided into lots and a road has been cut through
where most of the building once stood. (Asbury 1966)
k,

XIII-9
• Battery Lamb and The Confederate Saltworks
Battery Lamb was a Confederate Fort work on Reeves Point on the
edge of the Cape Fear River. It was used during the Civil War as
protection for the Wilmington Seaport.
Just below this area on Walden's Creek was established, in war
times, a large Confederate Salt Works for the supply of salt to the
soldiers. Salt -water was carried in tanks from New Inlet to the creeks
and evaporated by artificial heat, producing a fine white salt at a
small expense. It was probably demolished by the Federal blockades who
fired at all signs of smoke.
Also bricks which were used in the original construction of Fort
Caswell were made on the banks of Walden Creek (Sprunt 1896).
Railroad Hotel
The Railroad Hotel located one quarter mile off U.S. 17 on State
1438 is one of the more impressive landmarks in the area. It is a
two story wood frame building with a gable roof and a monumented front
portico. It has a diamond shape louvered vent in the gable and two
central interior chimneys.
The hotel was financed by Dr. E.G. Goodman sometime in the late
1880's as a business venture when there were big ideas to link the rail-
road of Southport (Smithville) with Chicago. This speculation failed
however and the Railroad Hotel only saw limited use with local visitors
between Wilmington and Southport (Of course Southport never became the
• large deep water port it was planned to be either.) Since this rail-
road connection never blossomed the Railroad Hotel became utilized as
a school house throughout the 190015 and at the present it lies idle.

XI I I-10
Winnabow Plantation
Winnabow Plantation is located on the Southwest side of State
P.oad 1521 along the edge of :RiceS Creek. It was built approximately
in the 173O's and was said to be one of the prettiest plantations in
the early settlement days of the Lower Cape Fear Region. This planta-
tion site originally gained prominence when it was owned by Nathaniel
Rice and latter became incorporated into Governor Russell's Plantation
a few hundred feet further South of S.R. 1521.
Nathaniel Rice was one of the most prominent men who ever set-
tled within the Town Creek area in colonial days. He came to the Town
Creek section along with John Baptista Ashe and a number of other
men who became prominent in the colonial life of the lower Cape Fear
area when they came from Bathe, England about 1727.
Information found in the Colonial Records indicated that Nathaniel
Rice was appointed Secretary of the Province in 1729. In 1734 he be-
came justice of the peace for the New Hanover Precinct and a justice
for the Kings Court. A few years later lie yecame a member of Governor
Burrington's Council of which he became president. Also Rice served
by appointment as a vestryman in St. Philip's Parrish and he was appointed
by the Assembly of North Carolina in 1745 to erect a fort which was
named Fort Johnston. in Southport.
Rice was involved in a controversy with Royal Governor Burrington
over the sale of lands in the colony. Other conflicts with the early
governor developed when Rice and a few other compiled a list of com-
laints against Burrington and sent them to the Duke of Newcastle, one
of the King's Secretaries of State. The list was quite lengthy and
the accusations against the governor and crown were strong. He was
branded a revolutionary when he tried to get more rights and justice

for the New Hanover Precincts.
"At the death of Governor Burrington in 1734, Nathaniel Rice,
who was Secretary of the Council, became Governor and took his oath
of office at Edenton on the 17th of April, 1734, which office he
held until Gabriel Johnston was sworn in as Governor at the town
of Brunswick in November of 1734. On the death of Governor Johnston,
July 17, 1752, Rice became acting Governor of North Carolina, since
he was ranking Councillor, and he held this office until his death in
January 1753" (Taylor 1962).
Also occupying this plantation site was Governor D.L. Russell
who used a great deal of the Rice house into the building of his mansion
a few hundred yards away. He also incorporated all of Nathaniel Rice's
land holding on the fork of Town Creek into his plantation site about
1840.
The Governor Russell Mansion can still be seen at this location
which is in fine repair, illustrating some of the colonial features
of that era.

XI I I-12
CLARENDON PLANTATION •
Clarendon Plantations located five miles south of Belville along
Rt. 133 and is one of the few fine old Cape Fear plantations which has
retained its identity. Clarendon, a 1,000 acre cotton and tobacco
plantation, was named after Clarendon County which originally extended
from Albemarle on the north to Saint Augustine, Florida, on the south.
The powder magazine that is still standing on Clarendon Plantation
is said to be the oldest building in the Carolinas, having been erected
in 1666 by the colonists two years after they had settled in a community
that they named "Charles -Towne" a settlement they abandoned in 1667. These
same settlers came back to the "new world" two years later and established
another Charles -Towne, now known as Charleston, South Carolina. This
old powder house is a square building of distinctive brick work believed
to be late 17th century because the brick corner bonds and the pantile
roof are the same architectural styles used at both Williamsburg, Virginia
and Charleston, South Carolina.
Since there had been no settlers in the Cape Fear area unkil after
1700, when Pantile was no longer used for roofing, then the appearance
of Pantile on Clarendon must mean that a colonial town was once situated
there a full sixty-one years before the plantation was granted to John
Grange in 1728 (Hayden 1961).
During the aftermath of the American Revolution, the first Governor
of North Carolina, Benjamin Smith, came into possession of Clarendon
Plantation. Later in 1834 the site was purchased by the Watters family
who built a two-story, antebellum house which has been moved but is still
in good repairs. It is here that the famous author, Inglis Fletcher wrote •

XIII-3
"Lusty Wind for Carolina" (Archives and History 1975).
Bordering the plantation along the Cape Fear River can be found one
of the most interesting and intriguing time telling devices in America.
It is a 50 foot wide canal said to be dug by the Indians and oriented so
perfectly that the Summer Solstice sunrise ascends dead center in the
canal, thus telling the Indians that the sun would then start moving
southward and providing them with the first calendar that was ever set
up in these parts. There is also an unidentified avenue of ruins and
live oaks which leads to an old Indian field where many different
pieces of Indian pottery have been found.
Presently Clarendon is closed to the public.

XI I I-1.11
OLD TOWN PLANTATION •
Old Town Plantation is located on the north bank of
Town Creek where it meets the Cape Pear River and is one of
the oldest, if not the first, plantation in the Lower crape
Fear Region. In 1725 Royal Governor George Burrington issued
about twenty (20) patents, ten (10) of these amounting to
9,000 acres, were granted to the powerful Moore family.
The head of the family was Colonel Maurice Moore, who received
7,000 of these acres including a 1,000 acre grant at the mouth
of Town Creek.
This grant covered a strategic tract at the junction of
Town Creek and the river where silt from the creek formed shoals
at it's mouth, which prevented large craft,requiring more than
ten (10) feet of draft,from venturing further up river. Thus
the creek provided a safe and -convenient means for transportation
to haul.out naval store products and crops from the plantation's
well -drained farmlands and swamps which were suitable for rice
production. Around 1740 half a dozen other plantations had been
situated near Town Creek because of it's fertile lands and protected
transportation route (Lee 1965).
Within a few years of the 1725 grant, a large residence was
constructed. When, or for whom it was built, is not known, but
it remained in the possession of the Moore family and is recorded
in a 1761 deed as the "Old Town" plantation. The discovery of
the eighteenth century plantation house site was a result of
long standing interest in the location of the seventeenth century •
settlement of "Old Charles Town".
The "old Town" is named in honor of the reigning monarch

XI I I-15
by a group or colonists from Barbados in 1644. It is generally
believed that the early colony was located between this site
and Clarendon Plantation. Examination of an artifact collection
on an old field site seem to substiate this idea. The materials
collected on a field site exhibited fragments of seventeenth
century Rhenish stoneware jugs and kaolin pipe fragments with
marked seventeenth century bowls. Also a coin was recovered
appearing to be a rose farthing (� penny) of the reign of King
Charles band when the logistics were completed a mean occupa-
tion date of 1663 was calculated for the field site, thus.
substantiating the belief that "Old Charles -Town" was near
this vicinity. (Stone, 1970).
Artifacts collected by a UNL-W archaeological group around
the old house site included a Hibernia half penny dated 1723,
colonial red clay pipes and white salt -glazed stoneware of the
eighteenth century. Evidence on the mansion house site reveals
that it was a central chimney,four room structure with a fire
place in the corner of each room, which is very simillar to
r-
the early eighteenth century Virginia buildings. Logistic
analysis of the house site places the mean occupation date about
1723 (Hume 1970). This site is not open to the general public.
—.

XIII-16
J
0
PLEASANT OAKS PLANTATION
The entrance to this beautiful plantation is located at
the junction of Rt. 133 and state road 1518 and extends back
to the Cape Fear River. The grant for the property was made
in.1725 to John Moore, a half-brother of Maurice Moore and
"King Roger" Moore, (the latter the owner of Orton Plantation).
The Moores came to the Lower Cape Fear area from Charleston,
South Carolina.
In 1728 the present 4,000 acre estate was granted to the
widow of John Moore from whom it is believed the "Widow Moore's
Creek" took its name. Also the "Battle or Moore's Creek, wnich
historians told was the turning point in the American Colonists'
fight tor freedom, was so named because a creek along which it
was fought, meandered through lands owned by the widow of John
Moore. (Ross 1965).
"The Oaks" as the plantation was originally named for many
years was particularly distinguished for a grand grove of Oaks
that extended from the antebellum house (which is situated
on the junction between the river and Town Creek) for k mile
to a large artificial lake. This body of water was known as
the "Mill Pond" which supplied motive power for the saw mill
and the grist and rice mills. More fame came to Pleasant
Oaks when the plantation attained the reputation world wide of
producing the finest rice in America, having the largest grains.
This occured eight years before the ofatbreak of the civil war
when the owner purchased large cargo ships to transport his rice .

XIII-17
• to the world markets. A canal was even dug to bring his
cargo vessels closer in shore for easier loading and unloading.
Pleasant Oaks Plantation had one of the most beautiful
Camellia Gardens in the nation and at the present time acres
of azaleas and camellias are cultivated on the plantation.
Even though, the present owners do not open the grounds to
general visitation, one person familiar with the plantation
described it as follows: (Hayden 1961)
"After entering the beautiful old wrought iron gates,
which are flanked by white brick facades, the visitor will
drive through a mile of woodland before reaching the avenue
of stately live oaks, which extend some two miles to the gardens.
This avenue of oaks is considered one of the most beautiful
in the south. It is set parallel on either side by white rail
fences, enclosing lush green pastures on which Pole Herefords
graze.
Many of the finest camellias in the country are to be
found in the gardens, along with thousands of beautiful azaleas,
all intermingled with countless holly and dogwood trees; and all
this beauty is enhanced by the stately old oaks and the mirrored
Mill Pond, bordered with colorful azaleas and studded with moss -
draped cypress."

XI I I-18
Ic
Orton Plantation
Orton Plantation, which is located seventeen miles South of the City of Wilmington
and just nine miles North of Southport, is generally recognized as being one of the fi-
nest examples of Southern ante-bellum (prior to the Civil War) architecture, and has
been acclaimed as one of the most beautiful showplaces in the south. The old Mansion
-is not open to the public, but the beautiful structure is centrally located amid gardens
that are open to the public with many interesting views from points of vantage along the
meandering garden paths. The gardens are especially beautiful in early April when Aza-
leas and Camellias bloom and exhibit kaleodoscopic scenes around the stately Mansion ,
under towering shady oaks.
Orton Plantation was originally owned by Maurice Moore, a grandson of Sir John Yeo-
man, who in 1665, built old "Charles -Towne". Maurice Moore deeded the plantation to his
brother Roger Moore who built the lower central part of the present Mansion in 1725.
Roger Moore and his family became so active in opposing the harsh regulations that were
imposed upon the Colonist by the Crown that King George often referred to them as "Those
.pestiferous Moores" (Hayden 1961). In fact as a result of Roger's wise organization and
direction against the british rule, he became locally known as "King,Roger of Orton."
His Plantation was named for the Village of Orton near the Town of Kendall in the
beautiful Lake District of England, the ancestral home of the Moores. The original grant,
which was for approximately 8,000 acres, was increased later when two adjoining Planta-
tions, Kendall and Lilliput were acquired, thus encompassing the nearby old port town
of Brunswick..
George Moore, "King Roger's" son gained the ownership of Orton . 'While he resided
there he became one of the leaders of armed resistance against the Stamp Act in 1766
when the Colonists surrounded the Governor's Palace and stoutly opposed the landing
of the despised British Tax Stamps. George Moore later sold Orton to his.brother-in-
law who, in turn sold the plantation to Benjamin Smith, a Governor of North Carolina,
and aide to General George Washington during the revolution.
•
•

XIII-19
In 1840 Dr. Frederick Hill bought Orton and improved upon the rice plantation
utilizing Orton ponds waters to irrigate the fields. This method proved efficient
and productive only when large numbers of slaves were used to keep down weed competition.
It was during this next decade that Orton became less able to compete with the upper
Cape Fear Plantations because there became a shift from reliance on fresh water pounds,
to utilizing tidal swamps. The principal advantage to be gained by such a change was
a considerable saving of labor necessary to control grass and weeds.
Orton continued to rely on fresh water ponds for flooding the rice fields since
it wasa lower Cape,Fear large plantation which had the more saline (salt) waters, which
was deadly to the rice plants. Thus Orton had the largest slave population (160 slaves).
Due to these circumstances and being one of the largest, wealthy plantations,
Orton operated milling facilities, some ste d.n-driven and others water -powered, for both
threshing and polishing the rice. The Census of 1860 showed the lower Cape Fear as having
ren rice mills, all in Brunswick County, with rice yields being very high averaging about
forty bushels per acre for orton whild tidal swamp plantations could produce in excess of
60 bushels (Clifton 1971).
The Cape Fear rice planters had a "hay day" until changes in life style resulted
from the Civil I -Jar when tools and machinery had to be geveloped to replace the cheap hand
laborers which were emancipated. Also near the end of the Civil War, Orton was used as
a hospital for nion soldiers that were sick and injured. In the following years, labor
for Orton was not secured through either of the two most commonly used systems; one re-
lying on wages and the other on a portion of the crop. Because of these circumstances the
great Orton Plantation finally was sold in 1872. Since heavy rice harvesting machinery
was not feasible on it's soils the future owners turned their interests to restoration
of the grounds and buildings and established an excellent wildlife preserve. Even though
the rice fields lay idle, turpentine, tobacco and cotton paid for the saddle horses and
�ndon Finery.
Today Orton is owned by the Sprunt family and is open for the public to view one
of the most well preserved historical sites in,Eastern North Carolina.

XIII-20
BRUNSWICK TOWN •
The colonial town of Brunswick was begun in 1725 by
Col. Maurice Moore of South Carolina as a real estate
venture. In the 1730's Brunswick Town was the seat of
New Hanover County and in 1764 it became the seat of the
newly created Brunswick County. Brunswick Town was used
as an early port town on the Cape Fear river where inter-
change of goods between England and the colonists occured.
Once this small village was established approximately
sixty buildings were situated along the banks of the river.
One of the more prominent ruins in old Brunswick
Town is known as Russellborough which was purchased in 1758
by Royal Governor Arthur Dobbs when he moved here from
New Bern. The two-story house with basement had been built
by Captain John Russell who belonged to his Majesty's Sloop
"Scorpion". Dobbs did some work on the house to complete it
and added.various out buildings. In moving to Brunswick Town
Dobbs was getting away from what he called the "aguish" town
of New Bern and hoped to improve his health by the move. By
1762 his health had improved substantially3in fact the 73 year
old Dobbs married Miss Justina Davis, a 15 year old resident
of Brunswick Town. He then changed the name of Russellborough
to "Castle Dobbs" (South 1765).
After the death of Governor Dobbs in 1765, William Tryon
moved into the vacant house and changed the name to "Castle

XIII-21
Tryon". A ready made crisis was awaiting for William Tryon -
when he took office as Royal Governor of North Carolina in
1765. In Wilmington the stamp master William Houston had
been forced to resign his office, and an effigy was hung
in protest to the Stamp Act. When the sloop "Diligence"
arrived at Port Brunswick with a cargo of stamps to be sold
for affixing on various documents, the people were determined
not to buy them, and the stamps remained on board the vessel.
The courts could not function without these official documents,
resulting in a tense situation around Brunswick Town in November
of 1765.
This state of affairs continued until after the first of
the year when the ships owned by prominent men of Brunswick
Town entered the port, but were not allowed to be unloaded
because of lack of proper papers. This caused Cornelius
Harnett and George.Moore to go to "Castle'Tryon" and speak
with Governor Tryon about releasing the cargoes of the ships.
They were determined to force the release of the ships, and
place Governor Tryon under house arrest until the matter could
be settled. During the night an angry mob broke into the home
of William Dry and took clearance papers for the vessels. The
500 armed resisters then went to the ships and demanded release
of their cargoes much to the displeasure of Governor Tryon.
As the cargoes were being unloaded the armed citizens
went to Castle Tryron where the Comptroller of Port Brunswick
fled for safety. There Cornelius Harnett faced Tryon with his
•

XIII-22
eol� angry,armed mob and asked Tryon to send out Pennington, •
the tax stamp official. The Royal Governor, upon feeling
like a prisoner in his own home, finally told Pennington to
resign and leave the house. The resisters then went to
Brunswick Town, and there, probably in front of the court-
house, they compelled the clerk of court, William Dry the
Collector, and Pennington the Comptroller as well as lawyers,
to sign a statement saying "they would not sign or execute
any stamped paper in the execution of their various offices."
This became one of the first acts of armed resistance to
British authority in America and it happened at Brunswick
Town (South 1965).
At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1775 the
few citizens residing in the almost deserted town feared that
the British war ships would attack the town and moved due to
this threat. In 1776 their fears were realized when Brunswick
was burned by British troops under the command of Captain
Collet. Only two or three families returned after the war,
and by 1830 the town was totally in ruins. (Division of
Archives 1974).
•

XI I I-23
/" Sol
..•
FORT ANDERSON
For many years after the British burned Brunswick Town,
it lay idle and forgotten, inhabited only occasionally by a
:handful of people. It wasn't until April of 1861 that life
in mass form once again came to this site, to work on construc-
tion of a confederate earthen fort. In 1861 hundreds of tons
of soil were placed over many of the ruins of the coloidal
town which had flourished 86 years before. Fort Anderson
was to be a strong defense structure for Wilmington and other
surrounding communities and it was ideally located for such
fortification because it lay both on a point of the river and
on a ridge.
The fort stretched one mile in length and it was composed
of two batteries "A" and "B", which possessed five guns each.
Other gun emplacements, less impressive than the main batteries,
were strewn along the line of defense. However, the guns were
not utilized in the following years and North Carolina's 40th
Regiment became bored,except for the practice drills and
visitors from nearby areas. (Asbury 1964).
On January 15, 1865, Fort Fisher fell and the confederate
soldiers of Fort Anderson realized they had a tough task ahead
of them; that of holding the river's defense. On the following
day,soldiers from Forts Holmes and Hederick on Smith Island
joined 900 men from Fort Caswell to form a bastion against the
yankees at Fort Anderson. Their attempt failed, however, when

XIII-24
the Federal Navy moved 15 vessels into the river, one vessel •
firing on Fort Anderson and a northern land regime firing
from behind. On February 19, 1865 after severe bombardment,
the confederates slipped out of the fort,,and Fort Anderson
fell to the north.
Today the earthwork mounds of the fort have been naturally
preserved, for the most part, and can be seen at the Old
Brunswick Town site, which is open to the public.
0

XIII 25
St. Philip's Church
St. Philip's Anglican Church is located at Brunswick
Town and is one of the first churches in North Carolina.
Brunswick Town was begun in 1726, and within two years the
first minister, John Lapierre had arrived. In 1729 an act
was passed directing that the church of New Hanover County
(as the area was known) be built in Brunswick. By 1736 the
church was built, and five years later an act provided for
the creation of St. Philip's Parish and the building of a
new church to be financed by poll tax.
By 1754 the new church was under construction and the
brick work was completed above the window level. Five years
later- the church still was not finished, and a lottery was
authorized to provide m4ey to complete it. Finally several
gentlemen of Brunswick Town were interested in the completion
of the church.and Royal Governor Arthur Dobbs proposed to make
St. Phil Lp's the King's Chapel in North Carolina. It was
probably through the influence of these wealthy men that
halF
a second lottery was held, andpthe proceeds from the slaves
and other effects taken from the Spaniards who attacked
Brunswick in 1748 was applied to the church fund. (South 1968)
By July, 1760, the church was almost completed when
lightning struck the roof and it collapsed. By 1762 the old
chapel in use since the 1730's was repaired and a Brunswick
carpenter was placed in charge of repairing the roof and belfry

XIII-26
of the new church. Reverend McDowell, the minister of the -
•
old church died and was buried in the graveyard at St. Phil ips
Church. Three years later the church was still not completed
when Governor Dobbs died and was buried inside.
Royal Governor Tryon then moved into "Castle Dobbs" at
Brunswick Town and became interested in the completion of the
new church. Tryon paid for the sashes and glass, which were
brought from England and also requested Reverend Barnett, the
new minister, to be a guest at the Governor's mansion until
the church was completed and dedicated in 1768.
When Brunswick Town was burned in 1775, St. Phil ips
Church was probably destroyed at that time. When Confederate,
Fort Anderson was built across the ruins at Brunswick Town in
1862, the ruins of the church were planned as part of the fort.
During the bombardment of Fort Anderson in 1865, naval shells
struck the church but did little damage. The Confederate dead,
from the bombardment,were placed inside its walls where they
were found by the capturing Union troops. -
At the present a restoration project is being coordinated
by the State to help preserve the foundation and walls of
this old historical church. It is open to the public.

XI I I-27
•" ` 0 A Colonial Fort and Liberty Pond
A short distance below Fort Anderson, on a bluff called Howe's Point
are the remains of a Colonial Fort, and behind it the ruins of a residence
in which tradition says was born in 1730 one of the greatest heroes of the
revolutionary war (General Robert Howe). He was the trusted and honored
Lieutenant of Washington. Robert Howe also lived at Kendal Plantation for
a while which is now part of Orton Plantation.
The nearby Colonial fort was erected long before the Revolution as a
protection against buccaneers and pirates. Later it was used as a defense
strong hold against the British who finally drove out the americans and
forced them back to Liberty Pond about 3-2 mile in the rear. At this Pond
a stand was made with americans on the west and British on the east side
and it was said the battle caused blood to stain the water within the pond.
Captain Sam Price corroborated these facts saying that the Howe house
was a large three-story frame building on a stone or brick foundation on
Howe's point near the old fort just below old Brunswick (Sprunt, 1896).
Presently the area is owned by the Federal Government at Sunny Point.
It is not known how much of the site still exists because the whole area
has been modified by the Federal Government. However Liberty Pond is now
known as Orton Pond and presents a beautiful example of a Historic Natural
Landmark. This Pond was also used as the irrigation source for Orton Plan-
tation's Rice Fields and can be viewed by the public.
1

XIII-28
Price's Creek Lighthouse •
Price's Creek lighthouse, which is located along the banks of
the:Cape Fear River and it's junction with the ferry landing, is one
of the oldest range lights still standing in the Cape Fear Region.
The circular brick tower and adjacent dwelling for the light keeper
were both constructed in 1849 to serve the purpose as a range light
for new inlet. There also was a smaller back beacon which sat.atop
the keeper's dwelling.
The twenty-five foot tower was brick and is in a deteriorated
condition at the present, however, the old structure has kept it's
shape remarkably well. Only the ruins of the walls of the keeper's
house remain with sides of the buildings standing as high as six feet.
The original two acre tract was purchased by the Federal Government
to be served with a lighthouse and keepers dwelling.
This signal station acted as the only means of communication between
Fort Caswell and Fort Fisher at New Inlet via Southport (Smithville), where
the Confederate General reside. This signal corp frequently rendered
some very efficient service to the blockade runners after they had suc-
ceeded in getting between the blockaders and the beach, where they were
also in danger of the shore batteries until their character became known
to the Confederate Forts.
At first the signal system failed, but as time went on an educated
member of the signal team went with every ship and eventually more valuable
cargoes were saved from capture or destruction.
Today the tract is owned by Pfizer Pharmaceutical Company who
f expresed an interest to restore and preserve the historical site. •

XIII-29
"The Rocks"
The Cape Fear River would shoal shut from the storm induced opening of
New Inlet. Congress was petitioned by the people to appropriate necessary
funds for increasing the depth of water on the Cape Fear bar and river, and
after careful surveys and estimates by the Corps of Engineers it was decided
to undertake the entire closure of New Inlet under the direction of Colonel
W. P. Craighill. This important and difficult work began in 1875 (Sprunt
1896).
A continuous line of mattresses composed of logs and brushwood loaded
with. stone was sunk and laid entirely across New Inlet. This work was continued
from year to year by piling small stone rip -rap on and over this foundation,
building it up to high water, and then finally covering it with heavy granite
stones on it's top and slopes to low water. This feat was finished in 1881
and saved the deep water port of Wilmington.
The length of the dam from Federal Point to Zeke's Island is 1 mile plus
1-3/4 mile to Smith Island. The rock foundation is from 90 ft to 120 feet wide
at the base and for 3/4 of the depth of the stone wall it is 3 feet from the
top of the wall. It has been estimated that the stone used in this structure
would build a solid wall 8 feet high, 4 feet thick for 100 miles on land.
Today it is still standing and can be seen from the ferry that crosses
from Southport to Fort Fisher.

XIII-30
The Cape Fear Quarantine Station •
The Cape Fear River was the only marine gateway of importance by
which epidemics could gain an entrance into North Carolina. During
the 1800's medical facilities were at a minimum and if a contagious
disease escaped notice in the river, possible the whole state and coun-
try could have been affected.
Prior to building the Cape Fear Quarantine Station, all disinfec-
tion of vessels took place at the mouth of the Cape Fear by burning
large quantities -of sulphur and the disinfection of crew clothing was
never done properly. There was also no facilities to care for the
sick or detention areas for suspects; thus arose the need for a new
station.
Finally in 1893 Congress granted the Marine Hospital Service the
funding of $25,000 to build and equip a Quarantine Station. This new
station was located in the river about 1-1/8 miles northeast of South-
port. The Station was built on a pier 600 feet long, with gangways,
docks, and ballast cribs.
The station has a disinfecting house with a sulfur furnace used
to provide 10% per volume sulfur dioxide gas. This was sprayed over
all parts of the vessel by means of a hose. There was also an appara-
tus used to disinfect by live stream mixed with disinfecting solutions.
A small hospital area existed with surgeon's and attendants quarters
and Quarantine rooms or barracks used to detain persons during disease
incubation periods.
Presently only the foundation for the water tanks is left intact
'' and can be seen when crossing the Cape Fear River on the Ferry. •

XIII-31
FORT CASWELL
Fort Caswell, which is located at the end of Caswell
Beach, has been for years the principal coast defense of
the Cape Fear River. Construction started in 1826 during
the administration of President John Quincy Adams and Major
Blaney of the United States Corps of Engineers was in charge
of building the fort for eleven years. During the time of
Blaney's death a young Lieutenant Col. named Robert E. Lee
also came to Fort Caswell to work on anti -erosion projects
for the Corp.
The Fort was named by the War Department on April 18,
1833 in honor of Richard Caswell, the first Governor of
North Carolina. The fort finally was completed during the
administration of President Martin Van Buren, but did not
see service until late into the Civil War. It is remarkable
that no major exchange of fire occured between the Confederates
and Yankees at Fort Caswell even though the fort was exposed
to the Federal Fleet. The fort was of great service, however,
in defending the main bar and the Confederate garrision at
Southport. (Hayden 1961)
During this time (1865) Fort Caswell was an enclosed
pentagonal structure with two rolls of moated soil mounds used
as fortifications. Each mound contained many small openings
through which small firearms.could be discharged easily. On
the top of the fort were enough emplacements for sixty-one
11

XIII-32
channel bearing guns and situated within the soil fortress
were spacious barracks, officer quarters, store rooms and
armory areas. In fact,Fort Caswell was one of the most well
built forts in the South.
During the later part of the Civil War the fort was
destroyed, not by the Federal fleet, but by the confederates
themselves. A few days after the fall of Fort Fisher the
confederate soldiers at Fort Caswell decided to abandon the
area. Word came to them that a huge Federal naval fleet was
approaching them from the north while Sherman's battalion
was marching East to Wilmington from Fayetteville. Before
the confederates left however, they blew up all of the major
powder magazines and most of the original Fort Caswell was
reduced to ruins.
Towards the later part of the nineteenth century the
fort was allowed to deteriorate to such an extent that just
prior to the Spanish - American war it was reported in a
dilapidated condition. Then came the Spanish - American
war and Fort Caswell was rebuilt with concrete emplacements
on which five, eight and twelve inch disappearing rifles were
mounted atop the southeast corner of the original fort. Along
with attendant magazines there were spacious wooden barracks
and five wooden dwellings for the officer quarters. Most of
these structures are existing today. (Hayden 1961)
The fort was actively garrisoned until about 1923, after
which.it was declared surplus and all of the remaining armarpent

XIII-33
�• and material declared obsolete and sold for scrap. The
federal government then decided to sell the fort in 1926
to some real estate developers, however the depression
of 1929 ruined such plans. Fort Caswell thus lay idle
again until the U. S. Navy used it during World War II as
a military base to control submarine attacks. It saw
limited use during the following years and the fort was
declared a surplus site and offered for sale.
From 1949 till the present Fort Caswell has been owned
by the North Carolina Baptist Seaside Assembly and utilized
by that organization as a recreational and religious center
for only the Baptists of North Carolina. There is extremely
limited public access to the beautiful, spacious, historic
grounds of the old fort site, which exists an important part
of our common heritage.

XIII-34
II. BALD HEAD LIGHTHOUSE ("OLD BALDY") - •
The first lighthouse on Smith Island was constructed in
1796, but due to extensive erosion of the shoreline, was replaced
by an octagonal tower on the north-west corner of the island.
This uniquely shaped tower is now known as "Old Baldy" and is
the oldest lighthouse, still standing on the North Carolina
shores.
In April of 1816, congress appropriated $16,00.0 for the
building of the Bald Head Lighthouse. It was built one hundred
and ten feet (110) high with a visible range of 18 miles. The
old lighthouse was built of hard brick and had eight walls
joining a strong foundation of stone. The base of this octa-
gonal pyramid is thirty-six feet (36) in diameter with gradual
taper to the top of the lantern, which had a wooden floor
fourteen feet six inches in diameter. The width of the walls
are graduated, starting with five feet of thickness at the base
of the lighthouse and becoming more narrow at the top, with walls
being two feet (2) in thickness. The ground floor was made of
brick while the top floor, joists and stairs were made of
Carolina yellow pine. The outside of Old Baldy was rough
plastered, while the inside and wood workings were well painted
(Herring 1967).
There was also a keepers house which was built initially
as a temporary quarters.for the workmen. This dwelling was.
made of brick, thirty-five feet by seventeen feet, one story
high with a gable end roof. The walls were twelve (12) inches •

XIII-35
thick with brick chimneys in both ends of the house which
serviced two fireplaces. There was also two out buildings
or sheds around the lighthouse site.
From 1817 till the civil war years Old Baldy's fish
oil lantern guided many ships through -the tricky Cape Fear
shoals. However in 1861, by order of Governor Ellis, the
Confederates extinguished all the lights in the Lower Cape
Fear region. The Bald Head lighthouse was then reactivated
after the war in 1866 and it again served as the major guide
for ships entering the Oak Island channel. This function
was of major importance to navigation in the area, especially
after the only other point of access to the river, New Inlet
(several miles above the Cape) was closed. This action was
supervised by the Corps of Engineers in 1880 for the construction
of "The Rocks" which controls siltation to the shipping channel.
Erosion became a difficult problem for "Old Baldy" in 1881
and two years later to prevent the lighthouse from destruction,
a stone jetty 150 feet long was authorized for the protectlOU
of the foundation of the tower. This helped control erosion
for a while, but in succeeding years rapid abrasion of the
shoreline occurred again. In addition the Bald Head Lighthouse
was so far inland and was not of sufficient height to light the
dangerous Frying Pan Shoals that a replacement tower (the Cape
Fear Lighthouse Complex) was planned for the southeast corner
of Smith Island. At this time Old Baldy became a fourth -order
fixed light station. The light beacon was then discontinued in
•

XIII-36
1935 and a radio -beacon was established on the site in 1941. •
This beacon was of service during World War II when Fort
Caswell, across the river, was used by the U. S. Navy.
When the new Oak Island light was activated on May 15 ,1958,
the new station took over the operation of the radio -beacon.
Today "Old Baldy" stands as a beloved reminder of the
hard times in the past. it is a landmark that has withstood
many adverse weather conditions and has served for a century
and a half (1817-1967) 1 the lower Cape Fear area. Presently
it is owned by the Carolina Cape Fear Development Corporation
who plans to preserve the historic structure, however,there
is very limited public access to the site.
t
If

XI I I-37
CAPE FEAR LIGHTHOUSE COMPLEX
In 1903 a new lighthouse complex was added to service
the lower Cape Fear area and replaced "Old Baldy" on Smith
Island. The new light house complex was located on the south-
east corner of Bald Head Island and had three keeper's houses.
This fourth order lighthouse was 150 feet high and had a radius
of 18.5 miles of light which could reach out towards the Frying
Pan Shoals.
Unlike "Old Baldy", the new complex was not constructed
of brick and wood, but had a steel skeleton tower, enclosing
a stair inner tower. The entire structure was painted white,
and the upper part was later painted black, so that it could
be seen more easily.
On the watch -room balcony, the illumination apparatus
rotated on a Mercury float and gave off light utilizing
incadescent oil vapor. This beacon used a six inch wide
mantle with a lens that was six feet in diameter and .ten feet
in height. The light had a 160,000 candle power rating that
was visible up to 19 miles out in the ocean.
Operation of the Cape Fear lighthouse took quite a bit
of manpower. The lens was run by weights on heavy cable which
the keeper had to wind every three hours with large brass handles.
The keeper also had to light the mantle at sundown and turn it
off at sun up. There was always danger that the lantern would
become flooded with fuel oil which would cause special work
procedures and cause a delayed schedule. Also the lantern fuel
had to be thoroughly cleaned after each burn so the maximum light

XIII-38
power could be kept up,all the time (Herring 1967)•
The Cape Fear Light was set burning by Captain Charlie
Swan and he tended the light for thirty years. He and his
family lived on Bald Head Island during this time. Only two
other men followed him for brief periods of time before the
Coast Guard took over the keeping of this lighthouse complex.
As a result of changing demands for a stronger beacon and
more economical operations, the Cape Fear Light was replaced
by the Oak Island Coast Guard Station in May of 1958. The
final demolition of the steel tower occurred in September of
the same year. The three keeper's houses were left and later
used by the Coast Guard until all services were moved to
Oak Island.
Today the site is owned by Carolina Cape Fear Corporation.
The remains of the site still are exhibited by the keepers'
house and other out buildings, but cannot be seen unless per-
mission is received from the present owners.

XI I I-39
010
s
Gause's Tomb
"An unusual and interesting memorial to a family that was promi-
nent in the life and activities of Brunswick County during the Colonial
Period can still be seen on an old plantation site just five miles from
Shallotte. The brick burial tomb of John Julius Gause (1774-1836) is
located some 500 feet eastward from State Road No. 1154 and about the
same distance South of the run of Jinnys Branch," (Berry 1966).
The Gause family had large land holdings in Horry County, South
Carolina and also some smaller acres scattered around Shallotte and
Ocean Isle. The Father of this Brunswick County clan was William Gause
referred to in South Carolina as the "Inn Keeper" because of his large
business operations. Old William had six sons, two of which moved to
Brunswick County prior to the Revolution when in 1762 they purchased
land on Shallotte Sound. John Gause and William Jr. then became active
in local government and fought in the Revolutionary War. Later William
Jr. served in the House of Commons from Brunswick County in 1778 and
his home seems to have been at or near Gause's Landing.
John Gause, the Revolutionary Veteran and brother William Jr.
was also the father of John Julius Gause, the person responsible for
erecting the tomb. In his Will dated May 3, 1836, recorded in Will
Book B..Page 171, Brunswick County Court House, he authorized the buil-
ding of the Gause Tomb and tells who shall be buried there (Berry 1966).
Presently the Tomb is in fine repair and offers an enchanting site
to the visitor.

XIII-40
The Boundary House
The Boundary House which is located south along a dirt road .4 mile off of
U.S. 17 stood astride the state line prior to 1750. Only the chimney remained
during the civil war and it always marked the dividing line between the two early
Carolina Provinces. In fact it was a documented truth that the early boundary line
established in the spring of 1735 ran right through the center of the Boundary House
(Lee 1965). The location of the building had to be determined to properly survey the
state line when it was last surveyed in 1928. At that time, the surveyors erected
a 600 pound granit post inscribed "Boundary House" to make the site of Horry County's
oldest known building.
If the name was properly given to the Boundary House it would probably been the
Boundary "Meeting House" since it is known to have been a place of worship in colonial
times. In 1765, Reverend John Bennett came from England to preach in the Old St. Phil-
lips Church'at Brunswick Town and other "remote congregations". In a letter to his
conference dated August 22, 1767 he wrote:..."Nine times in the year I preach at the
Boundary House situated on the line between the Carolina. Here a large congregation
meets..." (Berry 1974). `
It is also known that the house served as a private residence for Isacc Marion,
a brother of General Francis Marion known as the "Swamp Fox". Isacc resided here in
colonial times where he served the community as a Justice of the Peace. It was at
this building that South Carolina first received the message about the Battle of Lex-
ington which was the start of the Revolutionary War. Marion received the note from an
express horseback rider from Wilmington on May 9, 1775 and then rushed it on from there
to the Committee of Safety at Little River.
A later incident at the Boundary House included a duel between Captain Maurice
',—'Moore and his cousin General Benjamin Smith. Maurice Moore was a son of Alfred Moore,
Associate;,Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court and Benjamin Smith later served as gover-
nor for North Carolina. Both lived through the ordeal to become famous men.

XIII-41
. Hickory Hall
Hickory Hall, located in Calabash, is typical of rural, middle
class homes for this area of Brunswick County during the past - colo-
nial era. Most of the homes of this type have disappeared, especially
within this vicinity either from fire, age or natural elements. Hickory
Hall has not been necessarily restored but it has been kept in good re-
pair throughout it's time.
Dating the building is rather difficult, however family tradition
indicates that some of the brick within the chimneys had the date 1812
imprinted on it. The house was built by Samuel Frink (Sept. 1786- Nov.
1862), whose great grandfather Nicholas Frink was the first settler of
the name in the area. In fact the present day Little River Neck area,
northern Myrtle Beach, was formerly known as "Frinks Neck" after Nicholas
Frink (Berry 1971).
Samuel Frink operated this large plantation which is presently the
town of Calabash. His produce consisted primarily of indigo and rice
and the large acreage of long leaf pine supplied tar and pitch for naval
stores. These abundant timbers can still be found throughout the house
as sills and timbers in the foundation of the house.
The unique feature of this house is the fact that it was built
over a huge hickory stump that latter became used as a table for many
decades. Due to decay the old stump has been since removed however
the name of this unique feature still remains.
Other architectural features include two chimneys that were a
part of the original house and were built from ship ballast stones.
The foundation of the house contains oyster shells which were burned
into lime like substances used in the mortar. Included were five

XIII-42
fireplaces used for cooking and heating and ceilings and walls consisting •
of beaded paneling, possibly imported from England. The original floors
were, for the most part, native long leaf pine planking, some of
which remain to this day (Berry 1971).
The present owners of Hickory Hill reside there and operate one
of Calabash's restaurants.

XI I I-43
1 LIST OF HISTORICAL HIGHWAY MARKLRS IN BRuNSWiCK COUNT)k
MARKER NAME DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
Orton Fine Colonial home. Built about 1725
by Roger Moore. Later it was Benjamin
Smith's home. Stands 16 3/4 miles south.
(Marker stands at junction of U. S. 17
and N. C. 133).
Stamp Act Resisted by armed band, February, 1766
at Brunswick, where Royal Governor Tryon
lived. Site 18 3/4 miles south. (Marker
stands at junction of U. S. 17 and N. C.
133).
Fort Caswell Named for Governor Caswell. Begun by U.S.
in 1826, seized by N. C. troop, 1861;
abandoned by Confederates, 1865. Stands
5 miles southeast. (Marker stands at
junction of N. C. 133 and 211).
Fort Johnston Built 1748-1764; burned by Whigs,-1775;
rebuilt by U. S. government, 1794-1809.
Only the ofticers quarters remain.
(Marker stands on N. C. 133 in Southport)
Arthur Dobbs Royal Governor, 1754-1765; author; member
Irish Parliament; promoter of search for
Northwest passage, is buried at St. Phillips
Church. (Marker stands at intersection of
N. C. 133 with U. S. 17).
St. Phillips Church Episcopal. Built under act of 1751 in
town of Brunswick, now extinct. Ruins
18 3/4 miles south. '(Marker stands at
intersection of U.S. 17 and N. C. 133).
Spanish Attack A spanish expedition captured the town of
Brunswick, 1748, during King George s
War, but was soon driven away by the
Colonial militia. (Marker stands at '
intersection of N. C. 133 and U. S. 17)
N.'C. Boundary Colonized, 1585-1587 on Roanoke Island
Marker by first English settlers in America,
permanently settled lb50; first to vote
readiness for independence, April 12, 1776.
(Marker stands at Route U. S. 17 and State
Line) .

XI I I-44
Marker Name Description and Location
First Post Road The road from New England to Charleston.
over which mail was first carried
regularly in N. C. , 1739-1739, passed
near this spot. (Marker stands along
U. S. 17 and State Line).
Charles Town Center of a colony from Barbados under Sir
John Yeamans, 1664. Abandoned lb67. Was
located two miles east on Town Creek.
(Marker stands on U. S. 133 near Town
Creek Bridge).
Brunswick Founded 1725, long a principal port of
N. C., site of Spanish attack, 1748 and
of Stamp Act resistance 176b. Later
abandoned. Was two miles southeast.
(Marker is located at entrance to Orton
Plantation).
St. Phil ips Church Grave site of Governors Arthur Dobbs,
Graves Benjamin Smith, and U. S. Justice Alfred
Moore ail buried near the church. Ruins
two miles southeast. (Marker located at
entrance to Orton Plantation).
Fort Caswell Marker Seized by N. C. militia three months before
firing on Fort Sumter. Governor Ellis
ordered its return to Federal authority
three miles east. (Marker located at the
]unction of N. C. 133 and Oak Island Drive).
Bald Head Lighthouse completed 179b. Used intermittently until
1935. Built of sandstone with eight sides,
standing 109 feet tall 3.2 miles south -
southeast. (Marker stands in Southport
Water Front)
Fort Anderson Large Confederate tort stands two miles
east. After a strong Union attack it was
evacuated February lb, 1865, resulting in
the fall of Wilmington. (One marker stands
at junction of u. S. 17, 74, 76 and N. C.
133 and one at entrance to Brunswick Town).