CAMA Land Use Plan Update-1998

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DCM COPY DCM COPY
lease do not remove!!!!!
Division of Coastal Management Copy
T1je Countp of JOertit.,
wort% Carolina
CAMA
LAND USE PLAN
UPDATE
Prepared by
Bertie County Land Use Plan Advisory Committee
and
Mid -East Commission
The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant provided by the North
Carolina Coastal Management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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BERTIE COUNTY
LAND USE PLAN UPDATE
1998
Prepared by:
The Bertie County Economic Development
And Planning Commission
With assistance provided by:
The Mid -East Commission
PO Box 1787
Washington, North Carolina 27889
[phone]
Adopted by the Bertie County Board of Commissioners
On
August 17, 1999
Certification by the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission
On -
September 8, 1999
The preparation of this report and all accompanying maps were financed in part through a grant provide by
the North Carolina Coastal management Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is administered by the Office of Ocean Resource
Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

BERT'IE COUNTY
' BOARD OF COUNTY COMIVIISSIONERS
J. Jasper Bazemore, Chairman
'
William L. Berry
Patricia Ferguson
Elbert R Bryant
Charles H. Edwards
'
Jack A Williford, County Manager
Wendell M. Davis, Deputy County Manager
'
BERTIE COUNTY
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
COMMISSION
Robert B. Spivey, Chairman
Norman Mebane, Vice Chairman
C. Wood Beasley, III
Norman Cherry
Hattie Outlaw
Elbert Ray Bryant
G. Buneva Everette
Nancy G. Spruill
'
Joe R. Jernigan, Sr.
Tim Ivey, Executive Director
'
Bertie County Economic Development
And Planning Commission
'
MID-EAST.COMMISSION
t
Robert J. Paciocco, Executive Director
And Planner -in -Charge,
Linda Roberts, Administrative Assistant
'
Planning Assistance Provided
By Edmund Lynch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
' Topic Page Rule
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 .0202
II. INTRODUCTION 3 .0203
' IIIGOALS AND OBJECTIVES 6 .0204
' IV. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 7 .0206
' A. Local and Regional'Setting 7
B. Estimate of Future Land Use Demands 8
C. Water Quality and Watershed Information. 9
' D. Data Sources 10
E. Analysis of Implementation Of Policies 11
V. PRESENT CONDITIONS 12 .0207
A. Background 12
B. Key Trends and Facts 13
C. Population and Economy 13
Existing Water and Land Uses 23
E. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations 25
VI. CONSTRAINTS 28 .0210
' A. Land Suitability -Physical Ph sical Limitations 28
B. Land Suitability -Fragile Areas 36
' C. Land Suitability -Areas of Resource
Potential 39
D. Community Services Capacity 40
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Topic
Page
Rule
'
VII.
ESTIMATED DEMANDS
56
. 0211
A. Population
56
B. Future Land Needs
56
'
C. Demand for Community Facilities and
Services
56
'
VIII. POLICY STATEMENTS
59
.0212
'
A. Resource Protection -
59
B. Resource Production And Management
67
'
C. Economic and Community Development
D. Public Participation
71
77
E. Storm Hazard Mitigation, Post Disaster
'
Recovery and Evacuation Plans
79
IX.
LAND CLASSIFICATION
88
.0213
A. Developed
88
'
B. Urban Transition
89
C. Limited Transition
90
D. Community
91
'
E. Rural
91
F. Rural With Services
92
'
G. Conservation
92
X.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION
'
AND M'LEMENTATION
95
,0214
M.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
99
.0215
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Page
Figure 1
Location Map
12
Figure 2
CAMA County Populations
15
Figure 3
Dicennial Census Populations and
State Estimates
16
Figure 4
Age — Sex Cohorts
17
Figure 5
Types of Employment
19
Figure 6
Manufacturing and Business Firms
20
Figure 7
Labor Force Statistics
21
Figure 8
Estimated Median Family Incomes
22
Figure 9
Family Incomes
23
Figure 10
Soil Characteristics
29
Figure 11
Soil Suitability by Associations (Map)
34
Figure 12
Small Watersheds
35
Figure 13
Transportation Improvement
Program and Maps
43
Figure 14
School Facilities
53
Figure 15
Quick Waste Stream Analysis
54
Figure 16
Population Growth, 2000 to 2010 (Map)
58
Figure 17
North Carolina National Register
76
Figure 18
Severity of Risk in Hazard Areas (Map)
81
Appendix A
Citizens Participation Plan
100
Appendix B
"Bertie Citizens Newsletter" article
101
Map 1
Existing Land Use,1988
102
Map 2
Hazardous Areas
103
Map 3
Water Districts
104
Map 4
Land Classification,1998
105
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' I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Bertie County is a rural, northeastern County that has been designated
by the State as a Tier I county. This designation is given to the North
Carolina counties that are experiencing the highest rate of poverty and
unemployment, combined with the lowest per capita income of the 100
counties in the State. Currently, there are 13 such counties with 10 of these
being located in a "poverty belt" to the east and west of Bertie County.
' While the general demographics of the County may not be the best in
the State, there are many other amenities within the County that make it a
very desirable place to live and raise a family. The rural environment with
beautiful rivers is most compatible with a good quality of life. The location
of the County, in northeastern North Carolina, makes it readily accessible to
r the Norfolk -Virginia Beach area of Virginia, and places it only about 100
miles east of Raleigh, the State Capital.
The County is also blessed with an abundance of historic homes, not
the least of which is the noteworthy Hope Plantation, and several small
' towns that offer a friendly, hometown ambiance. The County is also
becoming more actively involved with eco-tourism projects that will draw
those with environmental interests.
Economically, the County is on the verge of significant growth as
' several possibilities for new industries and businesses are currently under
consideration. These would produce several jobs that can be filled by the
citizens of the County. Bertie is also adjacent to Hertford County, the site of
iNucor which is a large, new steel industry that is under construction.
' Agriculturally, the majority of the land within the County is either
suitablefor development or has only slight limitations to development. This
land usually represents prime farmland as well
With regard to infrastructure, Bertie County is completing a county-
wide water system, hosts a regional land fill, and has a new hospital under
construction.
The Board of County Commissioners is committed to the promotion
of economic development that will be in harmony with the natural

' environment. The policies in this land use plan are. aimed at protecting the
existing resources, production and management of these resources, and
' community and economic development.
Bertie County's overall policy and management objective for the
' Estuarine System is to give the highest priority to their protection and
perpetuate their biological, social, economic and aesthetic values, and to
ensure that development occurring within these areas of environmental
' concern is compatible with natural resources.
' The County also recognizes that the public has established rights to
certain public trust areas; therefore, he County will promote reasonable
conservation and management practices within these areas.
Wetlands compose a significant amount of land in the County and the
' County supports the wetlands program by discouraging land uses that will
alter the natural drainage patterns and vegetation. The County will
encourage landowners to establish and maintain vegetative buffers around
' sensitive wetlands and water bodies.
' This land use plan also includes policies addressing the protection of
other resources such as hazardous and fragile areas, potable water supply,
package treatment plants, storm water runoff, marina, floating homes,
industrial. areas, and bulkheads to name a few.
'
Another major issue has to do with storm hazard mitigation, post
disaster recovery and evacuation plans. Bertie.County is fortunate is that
very few natural disasters have visited the County. There are two major
hazard areas: the Chowan River shoreline and wetlands, and the Roanoke
River floodplain and wetlands. There are other rivers of lesser concern as
'
well. Inasmuch as there are few structures within the SLOSH level along
the Chowan River, the level of damage to life and property is considered
relatively small. The Roanoke River has controlled flow due to dams
upstream; therefore, inundation and the level of structures do not warrant
major concern. The County's Disaster Relief And Assistance Plan is
adequate to handle most situations, and deals with reconstruction plans. The
Evacuation Plan lists routes to be used and the five schools that are
available.
Z

H. INTRODUCTION
1
This publication represents an update of the 1990 Bertie County
CAMA Land Use Plan. Land Use Plans, with five year updates, are required
by the Coastal Area Management Act. This plan has been prepared by the
' Bertie County Economic Development and Planning Commission, which is
serving as the local planning agency, and has been prepared in accordance
with the guidelines set forth in Subchapter 7B-15NCAC, as amended on
' March 621996.
Land use planning is at the very core of the planning process. All
' other phases of planning are performed to service the projected land use
pattern outlined in the land use plan. The land use pattern of an area is also
' serviced by the economic development of the county. This idea was
supported by Winston Churchill when he said, "We shape our buildings and
' then our buildings shape us." Almost every aspect of our lives is affected by
land use.
The land use pattern of today's Bertie County is very different from the
days of early settlement. At one time, the County was a densely forested
habitat for many forms of wildlife. As man settled in the area, he soon
' began to alter the landscape. Widely scattered development of farms or
plantations first appeared on the land. This occurred along the major water
courses in the County. Later,, inland, compact rural development began to
appear. This development was concentrated at the crossroads of major land
' routes. Growth continued along these routes and some industrial activities
have evolved at the busiest of these crossroads.
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Increased mobility has also had an impact on land use. Automotive
vehicles have eased the movement of people and goods, and have brought on
different land use needs. Further, we have witnessed an increase in leisure
time. These two factors have accounted for recreational development,
particularly along water courses, and industrial development in the rural
areas. Changes such as these are expected to continue; however, not at too
rapid a pace. This development. includes all the necessary housing, services
and space required for growth.

' This land use plan can help keep the desired character of Bertie County
intact during the process of change. It is intended to serve as a tool for
' development and to guide growth to meet the needs of the citizens.
Land use planning is based on many factors including topography,
' drainage, soils, existing uses of land, availability of community services,
highways, population projections, trends in economic development, and
' future land use needs. A coordination of these elements is mandatory.
Planning is essential to avoid the chaos typical in other areas expenencing
fast growth. But land use planning is not an end in itself. Although this plan
' allows for changes in the future, it must be implemented to receive the
benefits from its adoption.
0
There are many tools that a county government has at its disposal to
implement a land use plan. These may include: 1) regulate land use, 2)
affect land use by provision of services, 3) purchase or condemn property
which usually determines what uses will occur, and 4) tax property to affect
what will occur. The usual tool for implementation is zoning.
County zoning, to be successful, usually requires an immense effort in
public education. The potential benefits of zoning are of sufficient
magnitude to justify great effort on behalf of its adoption, if it is felt that
zoning is needed. However, new alternatives to zoning are available for
implementing the land use plan. These include, but are not limited to: 1)
moratoriums on development, 2) housing unit quotas, 3) maximum
population limits for services, 4) land banking, and 5) timing and sequencing
controls.
Since the land use plan update of 1990, Bertie County has experienced
some new growth and development that was governed by the 1986 update.
New laws affecting land use planning and additional classifications of land
allowing more flexibility in developing have been adopted as a direct result
of development trends in Bertie County, as well as other local North
Carolina governments. Bertie County does not wish to be inhibited by
overly restrictive land classifications.
This land use plan update addresses the specific needs and concerns of
' Bertie County's citizens as they strive to change the County's image from
one which is poor and lacking in economic development, to one that is

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upwardly mobile, attractive to investors, and is rich in untapped
environmental, aesthetic and economic resources.
'
In summary, Bertie County has moved forward in the land use
planning process and now is the time to improve upon the many past
for
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accomplishments by proceeding with the land use plan coming of a new
century.
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M. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
In accordance with N.C.G.S. 113A 102(b), four goals have been established
within the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA). In general, these goals relate
to (1) preserving and managing the natural ecological conditions of the estuarine
system, the barrier dune system, and the beaches; (2) insuring that the development
or preservation of the land and water resources of the coastal area proceeds in a
manner consistent with the capability of the land and water for development, use,
or preservation; (3) insuring an orderly and balanced use and preservation of
coastal resources; and (4) establishing policies, guidelines and standards dealing
with all aspects of the previous three goals.
Consistent with the policies noted, this land use plan attempts to serve the
purposes of the CAMA by establishing relevant policies and setting local priorities
for the protection, preservation, and conservation of natural resources; economic
development of the coastal -related areas; recreation and tourism facilities;
transportation and circulation; preservation and enhancement of historic, cultural
and scientific aspects of the coastal -related areas; and protection of common-law or
statutory public rights in lands and waters of the coastal -related areas.
These policies are to be used by the State as a criteria for issuance or denial of
CAMA permits within Bertie County.
The over-riding goal for Bertie County is to adopt a land use plan that will
promote sustainable economic development which will stimulate positive growth
and enhance the quality of life for Bertie County citizens while maintaining the
rural character of the County and its agricultural and forestry activities.

W. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
A. LOCAL AND REGIONAL SETTING
Land use in Bertie County is a product of the regional setting and
distribution of the natural and human resources in the County. In many
ways, the growth of Bertie County and its prospects for future
development can be attributed to its relative location. The County is
located in the inner portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain's physiographic
province. This province extends from Massachusetts to Florida and
includes many types of landforms. The Coastal Plain is a series of
exposed ancient marine terraces, most of which are rolling hills and low-
lying wetlands. Bertie County is nearly flat at the lower elevations in
the southeast and rolling hills at higher elevations toward Roxobel and
Kelford.
The County is situated at the confluence of two major rivers. The
Roanoke River, which carries more water than any other river in North
Carolina and provides a wealth of natural resources along its course; and
the Chowan River which, though smaller, is experiencing more
recreational development. Together, the rivers flow into the
Albemarle/Pamlico Sound which is the second largest estuarine system
on the east coast of the United States.
The flow of water into and out of this estuarine system should be
of great concern to the citizens of Bertie County. It should be noted that
the natural resources in and around Bertie County have not yet been as
impacted as other areas along the coast. Although growth continues to
be slow, protection of these resources is still a vital issue.
Bertie County is located near several urban areas. As these areas
grow, Bertie County will feel their impact. The Hampton Roads area, in
southeast Virginia, is a region of rapid growth and has already sought to
fulfill its potable water and electricity needs from within Bertie County's
sphere. Although urban places offer different choices and amenities
than rural areas (i.e., shopping, the arts, education and employment
opportunities), a balance must be achieved. Bertie County offers many
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resources, but the impact of unplanned resource development could be
detrimental.
'
Bertie County is a rural crossroads in the maze of an intensely
complex and heavily populated eastern seaboard. The pressures for and
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impact of development will intensify. The challenge facing Bertie
County is to preserve the rural, agrarian livelihood valued by the
'
residents, while still providing the economic and community
development needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
'
Data Analysis
'
More complete data and the accompanying analysis is part of
Section .0207 "Present Conditions" that follows.
'
B. ESTMATE OF FUTURE LAND USE DEMANDS
Studying developmental trends since the last Land Use Plan, the
following estimates are suggested:
'
1. Agriculture, which traditionally has been the County's major source
of income and employment, will continue to decline. The number of
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"family" farms will continue to decrease while the size of "business"
farms will increase.
'
2. Services, including medicine, education, transportation and utilities
will increase due to the demands of the current population.
3. Governmental services, including local, state and federal, will
increase due to local demands.
4. Retail trade will remain constant with very little increase.
"shell" ,
5. Indus will increase if plans for a building concept
Industry
materializes, and if the presence of NUCOR becomes a reality and
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impacts the job market as anticipated.
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6. Residential development will remain constant with the exception of
the area along the Chowan River and surrounding areas. In these
areas there will be increased activity related to retirement, leisure,
and second home development.
In general, land use demands should not present a problem
throughout the County. The County, and towns within the County,
will need to carefully observe development activities along the
waterways and around the outskirts of the towns. Land use controls
may need to be considered seriously at this time in order to protect the
land and the quality of life.
WATER QUALITY AND WATERSHED INFORMATION
Bertie County is located within parts of 50 small watersheds.
These are included within two major watersheds - the larger Chowan
River Basin, with its beginning in southeastern Virginia; and the
smaller Roanoke River Basin, with its beginning in the Blue Ridge
Mountains of Virginia. Although the Roanoke River Basin is the
smaller of the two, it impacts the majority of the land area for Bertie
County. The Chowan River Basin is one of three nutrient sensitive
basins within the five major basins making up the Albemarle -Pamlico
watershed.
The nutrients, nitrogen and. phosphorus, come mostly from
agricultural runoff and forestry activities. However, according to the
"Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan" produced by
the Albemarle -Pamlico Estuary Study, "Nutrient reduction goals set in
the 1980s for the North Carolina portion of the Chowan River have
been obtained."
Toxic concentrations, basically zinc, copper and lead, were
found in significant amounts in both the Chowan and Roanoke basins.
However, overall water quality did not exceed levels considered
harmful to human or wildlife consumption.
The water quality within the two river basins impacting Bertie
.County shows that a total of 1,800 miles of shoreline have been
impaired. Of this amount,1,500 miles have been impaired by non -
point sources and the remaining 300 miles by point sources. Non-

point sources are mainly agricultural runoff in both basins. In the
Roanoke River basin there is also some forestry activity, urban runoff,
land disposal and mining. Point sources usually consist of industrial
sites and wastewater treatment facilities. While the County does have
a large amount of agricultural runoff, there are very few point sources
of pollution.
Effective management plans are underway by the North
Carolina Division of Water Quality. Their goal is to "protect the
basin's surface waters while accommodating reasonable growth and
development."
D. DATA SOURCES
The date collected for this land use plan update came from the
following sources:
1. The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management; included
both statistical and mapping data.
2. "Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan";
Albermarle- Pamlico Estuary Study,1994.
3. "Water Quality In The Albemarle -Pamlico Drainage Basin,
North Carolina and Virginia, 1992-95"; U. S. Geological
Survey; U. S. Department of the Interior.
4. "Chowan River Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan";
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 1997.
5. "Roanoke River Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan";
North Carolina Division of Water Quality,1996.
6. "Northeast North Carolina Region Strategic Business Action
Plan"; prepared for the Northeast North Carolina Partnership,
1996.
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E. ANALYSIS OF RvTLEN1E'NTATION OF POLICIES
'
A study of the current Land Use Plan will show that Bertie
County has successfully addressed most of the policies included.
'
The County is still considering land use controls. A grant
application was submitted to assist with the cost of this activity. A
'
grant was also submitted for the completion of an inventory of all
historic and cultural resources. Furthermore, the County is pursuing
State and National recognition for appropriate sites.
With regard to economic and community, development, the
County is actively seeking economic opportunities. A "shell"
building is being considered by the governing body as a means of
encouraging new industrial activity, and strong emphasis is being
focused on job opportunities that will result from the location of
NUCOR in adjacent Hertford County.
Tourism has received a great deal of emphasis resulting in more
access sites and the building of the Roanoke-Cashie Visitors Center.
'
The Town of Windsor has also been a major player in tourism
development. Their emphasis has been on eco-tourism with the
development of their exciting and interesting nature walk.

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V. PRESENT CONDITIONS
A. BACKGROUND -
'
Bertle County was formed in 1722 from Chowan County. Located in the
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northeast section of the State, it is bounded by the Albemarle Sound, Chowan
River, Washington, Martin, Halifax, Northampton Hertford Counties.
and and
The County encompasses 741.3 square miles and a land area of 698.9 square
miles with an elevation of 10 feet.
Within the County are the towns of Windsor (county seat), Askewville,
Aulander, Colerain, Kelford, Lewiston -Woodville, Powellsville and Roxobel
(Map 1)'
The nearest major city of 100,000 or more in population is Norfolk, Virginia
(90 miles) and the nearest commercial airport is in Greenville (35 miles). I-95 is
the nearest Interstate Highway (65 miles to the west). Other distances can be
'
seen on the Location Map (Figure 1).
'
Location Map
Figure 1
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B. KEY TRENDS AND FACTS
Of the 100 counties in North Carolina, Bertie County ranks as follows:
Is' in low -weight births
2nd . in percent of registered
Democrats
3rd in poverty rate
6th in medicaid eligibles
per 1000
6t in food stamp recipiency
rate
6u` in percent of single parent
families
11a` in prison admissions
21 't in unemployment rate
27th in teenage pregnancy rate
36th in traffic accident rate
38a' in voter registration rate
38th in percent of elderly
41s in birth rate
57t' in high school drop out rate
6e in county property tax per
capita
7CP in crime rate
79 in population.
80t in registered vehicles per 1000
81' in per capita income
90t" in miles of paved road per square
mile
92nd in average wage per worker
93rd in persons per square mile
99t' in average housing value
99th in percent of registered Republicans
The above trends and facts indicate that Bertie County is a small,
sparsely populated rural county with a high poverty rate and
unemployment, coupled with very low per capita income and average
wage per worker. Health wise, the County was first in North Carolina
with regard to low weight babies, which could indicate inaccurate pre-
natal care related to the poverty rate. The County also was very high in
the Medicaid eligible and teen pregnancy rate. Of interest, is the fact that
the County is very high in the number of prison admissions yet very low
in their crime rate.
C. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
1. Population
Over the past three decades most CAMA counties of North
Carolina have experienced a tremendous amount of growth. From
1970 to 1997 the twenty coastal counties increased in population
by 54.55 percent (Figure 2). The state population has only
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increased 46.26 percent in that same time period. The fastest
growing counties in the coastal region since 1970 are Dare,
'
Brunswick, Currituck, and Pender Counties. Only four of the 20
CAMA counties have been experiencing decreases in population,
these counties are Hertford, Hyde, Tyrrell, and Washington. Bertie
County, while not one of the four decreasing growth counties, is
the only one of the remaining counties with a growth rate in single
'
digits (1.16%). Other counties show growth rates from 16.21%
(Gates County) to 289.98% (Dare County).
There are several reasons why Bertie County is not
experiencing as high a growth rate as some of the other coastal
counties. One reason for growth is the coastal beaches. Over the
years, many people throughout the state and the nation have moved
to the beautiful North Carolina coastal beach areas. Bertie County
does not have those coastal beaches that are so common in most
other CAMA counties, nor is it geographically close to those
coastal beaches. Another reason for the lack of growth is the
economy. The opportunities for suitable employment in Bertie
County are very limited. Educated citizens tend to search outside
the area for employment, which results in high out -migration and a
low growth rate. According to the U. S. Census, Bertie County has
lost an estimated 636 persons due to out -migration from 1980 to
1990.
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CAMA County Populations
Figure 2
CAMA COUNTIES
YEAR ROUND
POPULATION
PERCENT CHANGE
1970
1980
1990
1997 70280 1
80290
90297
70297
BEAUFORT COUNTY
35,980
40,355
42,283
43,848 12.16%
4.78%
3.70%
21.87%
64,770 47.70%
42.51%
27.04%
167.39%
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
24,223
35,777
50,985
CAMDEN COUNTY
5,453
5,829
5,904
6,524 6.90%
1.29%
10.50%
19.64%
CARTERET COUNTY
31,603
41,092
52,553
59,454 30.03%
27.69%
13.13%
88.13%
CHOWAN COUNTY
10,764
12,558
13,506
14,192 16.67%
7.55%
5.08%
31.85%1
CRAVEN COUNTY
62,554
71,043
81,613
87,424 13.57%
14.88%
7.12%
39.76%1
CURRITUCK COUNTY
.6,976
11,089
13,736,
16.664 58.96%
23.87%
21.32%
138.88%
DARE COUNTY
6,995
13,377
'22,746
27,279 91.24%
70.04%
19.93%
289.98%
GATES COUNTY
8,524
8,875
9,305
9,906 4.12%.
4.85%
6.46%
16.21%
HERTFORD COUNTY
24,439
23.368
22,523
22,369 -4.38%
-3.62%
-0.68%
-8.47%
HYDE COUNTY
5,571
5,873
5,411
5,040 5.42%
-7.87%
-6.86%
-9.53%
NEW HANOVER COUNTY
-82,996
103,471
120,284
147.761 24.67%
16.25%
22.84%
78.03%
ONSLOW COUNTY
103,126
112,784
149,838
151,770 9.37%
32.85%
1.29%
47.17%
PAIVILICO COUNTY
9,467
10,398
11,368
12,078 9.83%
9.33%
6.25%
27.58%
PASQUOTANK COUNTY
26,824
28,462
31.298
33,858 6.11%
9.96%
8.18%
26.22%
PENDER COUNTY
18,149
22,262
28,855
36,945 22.66%
29.62%
28.04%
103.56%,
PERQUIMANS COUNTY
8,351
9,486
10,447
10,792 13.59%
1 0,71 1 3 * 5'
10.13%
3.30%
29.23%1
TYRRELL COUNTY
3,806
3,975
3,856
3,727 4.44%
-2.99%
-3.35%
-2.08%1
IWASHINGTON COUNTY
Totals
14,038
510,367
14,801
595,899
13,997
710,896
.6
13.584 5.44%
788,751 16.76%
-5.431-%,6
19.30%
0
-2.95%
10.95%
-3.23%
54.55%
Region Q
178,667,
200,841 218,196
234,206 12.41%
7.34 -
8.64% 7.34%
31.09%
State
15,084,41115,880,095
6,632,448
7,4364,689 15.65%1.
9.
12.79% 12.13%
46.26%
Source: Office of State Planning, LINC
Figure 2 provides a summary of the population growth for the
CAMA counties from the 1970 census to the 1997 projections by the
State Data Center. In 19902 the population of Bertie, County was 20,388;
the 1997 projections put Bertie County's population at 20,766, an
increase.of 1.85%. The population of Bertie County has remained fairly
steady since 1970, while the State and Region Q have experienced gains
of 46.26% and 31.09% respectively. Many of Bertie County's
representatives feel that the State Data Center's population estimates for
the County is less that the actual number of people residing in Bertie,
County.
15

Dicennial Census Population
And State Estimates
Figure 3
YEAR ROUND POPULATION
I
PERCENT CHANGE
1970
1980
1990
1996
1997
70-'80
1 80-'90
90-'96
70-'96 1
70-'97
North Carolina
5,084,411
5,880,095
6,632,448
7,323,085
7.436,689
15.65%
12.79%
10.41%
44.03%
46.26%
Region Q
178,667
200,841
218,196
230,954
234,206
12.41%
8.64%
5.85%
29.27%
31.09%
Bertie County
20,528
21,024
20,398
20,532
20,7661
2.42%
-3.03%
0.71%
0.02%1
1.16%
Askewville
247
227
201
195
1
-8.10%
-11A5%
-2.99%
-21.05%
Aulander
947
1,214
1,209
1,199
1
28.19%
-0.41%
-0.83%
26.61%
Colerain
373
284
241
229
-23.86%
-15.14%
-5.39%
-38.87%
Kelford
295
254
204
199
-13.90%
-19.69%
-2A5%
-32.54%
Lewiston -Woodville
580
671
788
820
15.69%
17.44%
4.06%
41.38%
Powellsville
247
320
279
274
29.55%
-12.81%
-1.79%
10.93%
Roxobel
347
278
244
245
-19.88%
-1223%
0.41%
-2939%
Windsor
2,199
2,126
2,209
2,346
-3.32%1
3.90%
6.20%
6.68%
Incorporated Area
5235
5374
5375
5506
2.66%l.
0.02%
2.44%
5.18%
Unincorporated Area
15,293
15,650
15,013
15,026
2.33%
4.07%
0.09%
-1.75%
Source: NC State Data Center (Census, Estimate, Projection)
Throughout the County, certain locations tended to lose population
more than others (Figure 3). Based on the 1996 estimates, the
unincorporated areas of the County have had a decline of 175% since
1970. The greatest drop was between 1980 and 1990 when the
unincorporated areas of the County lost 637 people. Municipalities did
not have a large enough increase to counter the loss of rural population.
The drop in rural population is most likely due to the decease in the
agricultural economy. Over that same time period less and less people
are using agriculture as a way of life. Therefore, many people are
moving from the rural agricultural areas to the incorporated areas for
employment with manufacturers.
From .1970 to 1996 half of the incorporated areas of the County
increased in population. The municipality with the greatest growth has
been Lewiston -Woodville with an increase of 41.38%, or a total of 240
- people. The other three municipalities with increases in population are
Aulander, Powellsville, and Windsor. All the other towns have
experienced decreases in population (Figure 3).
16

Age -Sex Cohorts
Bertie County,1997 Projections
Figure 4
1000
900
800
700
N
O
�
400
Age -Sex Cohorts
' In the age distribution of population, no five-year group stands out
as significantly greater. in population than others (Figure 4). Of the
20,766 people estimated to be living in Bertie County in 1997, there was
' a greater number of people between the ages of 5-14 and 35-44 than the
rest of the age groups. A disturbing decrease in population in the 15-29
' age group may explain the out -migration concern as it relates to the lack
of good paying jobs. For growth in population to occur, sustainable
livelihoods must be available to counteract out -migration. The primary
' workforce group, ages 30-64 has slightly increased since the 1990 Land'
Use Plan Update, though it has been relative to the total population
' increase. Active recruitment of local jobs would result in positive
population trends. The percentage of population over 65 constitutes
slightly over 15%, or 3,125, of the total population of 20,766. The State
' average is 12.7%. Bertie County has a larger aging community than state
t
17
® Male
® Female

' averages; therefore there is the need for special services geared towards
the_ aging.
' 2. Economy
' According to the 1992 US Economic Census, Bertie County has
a total of 91 retail establishments with retail sales of $5420002000. The
' North Carolina Department of Revenue however, estimated that
Berke County had $63,499,000 in retail sales in 1992. In 1996, the
NC Department of Revenue estimated that the County's sales
' increased to $72,622,000, an increase of 14.37%. The State of North
Carolina had an estimated total of $662122,475,000. in retail sales in
1992 and $97,352,867,000.in 19962 an increase of 47.23%. An
' increase, that is much higher than that of the County.
' According to the employment statistics for 1995, the
manufacturing sector employs almost 41 % of all the employed people
in Bertie County (Figure 5). Therefore manufacturing firms play an
' extremely important role in the economy of the County. There are
thirty (30) manufacturing firms in Bertie County with a substantial
' number involving agriculture and silvaculture related business (Figure
6). The largest employer in the County is Perdue Farms Inc. in
Lewiston -Woodville. Perdue Farms Inc. employs approximately 2300
people; Wrangler, with 350 employees, and Lea Lumber, with 250
employees, rank 2nd and 3d in size. Government is another major
' employer, accounting for over 14% of the jobs in. Bertie County. The
bulk of these government jobs (86%) are at the state and local levels.
Employment sectors that provide lesser contributions to the jobs in the
County include construction, transportation and utilities, wholesale
trade, finance and real estate, and non -farm agriculture, forestry, and
' fishing activities. These five sectors represent less than 4% each of
the employment in the local economy.
t
t
18
t

Types of Employment
Bertie County 1980, 1990, 1995
Figure 5
1995
Percent Change
Types of Employment
1980
1990
1995
Percentage
1980-1995
1990 -1995
FARM
1,773
954
959
10.14%
-45.91%
0.52%
NONFARM
6,687
8,238
8,497
89.86%
27.07%
3.14%
AgriGForestry/Fishing
2771
360
309
3.27%
11.55%
-14.17%
Mining
01
0
0
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Construction
.211
261
243
2.57%
15.17%
-6.90%
Manufacturing
3,089
3,869
3,8731
40.96%
25.38%
0.10%
Transportation/Utilities
77
179
2281
2.41%
196.10%
27.37%
Wholesale Trade
295
352
2521
Z.66%
-14.58%
-28.41%
Retail Trade
690
780
8201
8.67%
18.84%
5.13%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
190
246
1851
1.96%
-2.63%
-24.80%
Services•
639
927
1,2131
12.83%
89.83%
30.85%
Government
1,219
1,264
1,374114.53%
12.72%
8.70%
(Federal, Civilian)
.113
107
1191
126%
5.31 %
11.21 %
(Military)
72
79
68
0.72%
-5.56%
-13.92%
(State and Local)
1,034
1,078
1,187
12.55%
14.80%
10.11%
TOTAL
8,460
9,192
9,456
100.00%
11.77%
Z.87%
*Includes Medicine and Education
Source:
UNC Topic Report "Employment and Income: Full-time and part-time employees by major
industry," NC State Data Center.
Since 1980, there has been an increase in the non -farming types of
employment and a decrease in the farm types (Figure 5). Over the years.,
Bertie County has relied less and less on small family farming as a way
of life, as it has been throughout the State. This means that in Bertie
County, the number of persons employed in the farming industry has
dropped 45.9% from 1980-1995. The number of persons employed in
non -farming industries has increased a total of 27.07% from 1980-1995,
with some types more dominant than others. Transportation/Utilities has
had the greatest increase in employment, over 196% since 1980. Service
and manufacturing are areas that have had large increases in the number
of employed, 89.83% and 25.38% respectively from 1980-1995.
19

' Manufacturing and Business Firms
Berkie County
Figure 6
Firm
ILocation lEmployees
Product
Established
Golden Peanut Co.
Aulander
87
Peanut processing
1987
Perry -Wynn Fish Co., Inc. 1Clerain 15 Canned herring, roe & brine 1966
Bunch, HE Pattern Works, Inc.
Lewiston -Woodville
14
Wood and metal paitems, millwork
1947
Evans Lumber Co.
Lewiston -Woodville
75
Pine lumber
1992
Gregory Manufacturing Co.
Lewiston -Woodville
75
Machinery
1922
Perdue Fames, Inc.
Lewiston -Woodville
2300
Poultry processing
1972
HTM Concepts, Inc.
Merry Hill
20
Vinyl and fabric sreen printing
1964
Organic Litter Oro, Ina
MerryHill
5
Fertilizer and feed
?
Reynolds, R J Tobacco Co.
Meny Hill
60
Reasearch and development
1963
TarHeel Cotton Company
MaryHill
12
Cotton Ginning
?
Taylor Logging
MaryHill
5
Logging
?
Roxobel Curtain Co. lRoxobel 45 lCurtains 1989
Bertie ledger- Advance Martinsborough
Publishers
Windsor
?
Newspaper publishing
?
Bryants Welding & Machine Co.
Windsor
4
Machine shop
?
R S Logging Co. Inc
Windsor
5
Sawmill
1988
Cardinal Chanicals
Windsor
6
Chemicals
?
Coulbourn Lumber Co. Inc
Windsor
80
Lumber, furniture
1943
Gilliam Bros. Peanut Shellers
Windsor
25
Peanuts cleaned & shelled
?
Lea Lumber & Plywood I LC
Windsor
250
Furniture parts
1940
Powell & Stokes Inc
Windsor
12
Peanut processing and fertilizers
1919
Tarmac Mid -Atlantic Inc
Windsor
?
Ready -mixed concrete
?
Rimagirnation Inc.
Windsor
6
Moldings
1989
Southern Forklift Service Inc
Windsor
10
Fork lift and hydraulic repair
1994
Technicxafts & Services Ina
Windsor
?
Machine shop
?
Textile Innovators Corp
Windsor ' .
6
Textile fabricating & cutting
1987
White Brothers Inc
Windsor
26
Logging
1970
Workers Owned Sewing Co.
Windsor
50
Children shorts and trousers
1979
Wrangler Inc
lWindsor
350
jMensj=fs
1966
Stephenson Crab Co.
JWindsor
35
ISeafood
?
Griffin Bros.
Lewiston -Woodville
1 15
1 Cotton Gin
?
Sources: 1996-97 Bettie County Manufactuas Directory, NCDepartment of Commerc-NCManufacturers Directory
i
20
�

' The 1996 labor force totaled 92152 of which 82537 are employed
persons (Figure 7). The 1996 unemployment rate of 6.7% represents an
' increase from the 1990 rate of 5.3%. The State unemployment rate in 1990
was 4.2% and has only increased to 4.3% in 1996. Bertie County's
unemployment rate seems to be high compared to the State's unemployment.
' rate, and that rate is increasing.
' Labor Force Statistics
Figure 7
1990
Labor S6tisfics
1996
Labor Statistics
Total Labor
Force
EmDloved
Unemployment
Rate
Total Labor
Force
Fm to ed
U—ploymcd
Rate
Bertie County
9.0191
8,544
5.3%
9152
8,537
63
ReLyion
108.974
103,817
4.6%
115,043,
107 689
6.4%
North Carolina
3,468.30 0
3324,0001
4.
3,784,598
3,620,167
4.3%
Source: Office of State Planning, LILAC
In terms of wages, Berne County lags far behind State averages. The
' 1996 median family income in Bertie County was $252100, which was an
increase from 1990 when it was only $21,600. This represents a 16.2%
increase. The North Carolina median family income in 1996 was
$39,100, which was a higher increase from 1990 when it was $322400.
In comparison to Bertie County, this represents a 20.7% o increase.
Comparing the median family income rates of both Bertie County and the
State, Bertie County is increasing although at a much slower rate.,
' therefore falling further behind economically than the rest of the State
(Figure 8). This can best be seen by comparing the 1970 differential
between Bertie County's median family income and the State's, which
' was only $2,500, to that differential in 1996 which was $14,000.
■
21

' Estimated Median Family Incomes
Figure 8
'
45,000
40,000
'
35,OW
d
0 30,000
'
b 25,000
m
20,000
� 15,000
10,000
5,000
0
�—o—Bertle County
I— ie—North Carolina
NOTE:
There were
no figures
for 1982 and
' 1985
1970 1980 1981 19W 1983 19M 1985 19W 1987 19W 19M 19M 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 .
Year
1
According to the 1990 US Census, 20.69% of all families in Bertie
' County live on an income of less than $10,000 per year (Figure 9). At the
same time, only 10.78% of all families earn $50,000 or more. This disparity
' results in the County being listed as one of the most economically distressed
in the State. The 1990 US Census states that there was a total of 1,916
families in poverty, which constitutes 21.27% of all the families in Bertie
County. The result is a County with a large number of citizens below the
poverty level.
22

' Family Incomes
Bertie County, 1990
1 Figure 9
Families with Income
1990
Tta
1990
Percentage
1980
_FP
1980
Under 5.000
494
8.79%
895
16.40%
5,000 -9 999
669
11.9PLO
1368
25.06%
10,000 -14 999
740
13.16%
1063
19.48%
15 000 - 24,999
1335
23.74%
1461
26.77%
25,000 - 49 999
1,779
31.64%
5801
10.63%
50,000 or more
606
10.78° 0
91
1.67%
Total
5.6231
5 458
Source: NC State Data Center, 1990.
D. EXISTING LAND AND WATER USES
Bertie County includes 441,000 acres of land. An additional
' 20,000 acres within the County consist of the rivers and streams.
Forested land is the most common type of land use in Bertie
County (Map 1). It consists of approximately 320,000 acres which
accounts for nearly 70 percent of the total land in the County. Of this
acreage, almost two-thirds of the forested areas are privately owned and
' one-third are owned by corporations. The main forest types found are
Loblolly-short leaf pine, oak -pine, and oak -hickory. There are some
' areas that due to clearing, without reforestation, insect and disease
problems, and lack of forest management, are a problem.
Cropland accounts for approximately 22 percent of the total area in
P PP Y
the County (Map 1). It is the second most dominant land use.
Approximately 70 percent of the cropland acreage requires drainage or
management. for erosion control.
' The area in cro P land is continually changing. ' The total number of
acres is fairly consistent. Some land that has been cleared by logging
' operations is being reverted to cropland. This has proven to be
beneficial to the large farms as they are usually more efficient. Other
1
23

'
land that has been under cultivation is being turned into forest
plantations by commercial forestry companies.
Areas devoted to pastureland are continually decreasing in the
County. It accounts for less than one percent of all land in the County.
'
Much of the land once used as pastureland is marginal land that is being
converted to accommodate hog and broiler production.
'
There has been a slight increase in built-up land associated with
�
urban areas (Map 1). Commercial and residential land uses have
'
developed along the major corridors of the County. These consist of
service -related facilities to accommodate highway travelers and single
family, non -farm residences, respectively.
Bertie County, as a whole, is not experiencing rapid growth. It is
'
unlikely that any major land use compatibility problems will occur
within the near future.
Land use changes may occur in the more remote areas of the
County. Most of Bertie County's population is concentrated in or
around the towns. Smaller concentrations exist in rural areas at county
crossroads. These population pockets have supported development of
convenience outlets such as gas stations and small stores.
There may be areas that will required special attention in the
future. Compatibility problems will occur if development is haphazard
or unplanned. The strips of land along major highway corridors in the
County will requireplanning. The area south of Windsor along US 17
is an area with a variety of competing land uses. The County Industrial
Park is located in this area. Development is likely to continue in this
area and it is recommended that it be restricted to uses that complement
the industrial park and highway users. Other areas of concern include
Merry Hill in the southeastern section of the County, the NC 11
corridor, the Roxobel-Kelford area, and the Chowan River shoreline.
Merry Hill serves as a bedroom community to nearby Plymouth in
Washington County, the location of Weyerhaeuser, a major regional
employer. It is likely that this area will experience continued growth.
24

'
The northwestern portion of the County, including Lewiston -
Woodville and Aulander, is also experiencing additional growth due to
industrial development. The location of a processing plant has
increased the need for residential development to house its employees.
It is anticipated that future land use changes will result from
'
production -related industries moving into the area and a need for
housing will increase.
1
The Chowan River shoreline is likely to experience a large change
over the next ten years. Residential development with access to the
'
River will increase in demand. Higher traffic counts as a result of
development along NC 45 and other rural roads that approach the river
may necessitate highway improvements. These developments may
place additional demands on the County for new or improved services.
The lack of land use regulations enforced by the County may lead to
'
future problems. Plans are currently under way to widen this stretch of
highway. This should ease any traffic congestion.
E. CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
'
This section outlines the plans and regulations in force in Bertie
County. This discussion should provide the citizens with an idea as to
how plans and regulations are related to land use. A broad range of
regulatory powers is available to the County; however, most of the
regulations that have a major impact on land use in the County are
enforced at the State or Federal level. The following is an outline of the
regulations that are currently enforced. State and Federal regulations
which are enforced in the County are listed in Chapter X.
1. Recreation Program
Bertie County s recreation program is coordinated by a
volunteer task force. Recreational activities are funded by
individual organizations. There is a limited allocation of County
funds for recreational purposes.
2. Solid Waste Management Plan
'
Bertie County has changed its method of solid waste
collection and disposal. Rural dumpsters have been abandoned
25

'
and replaced with five manned collection sites. These sites are
operated by a private company, and include recycling activities.
The County -operated landfill has been closed and a new privately
'
owned and operated landfill is now serving Bertie County and
serving as a regional landfill. All these activities are included in
'
the current Solid Waste Management Plan for Bertie County.
3. Prior Land Use Plans
Bertie County utilizes the 1990 Land Use Plan for references
on land use policies. The policies are outlined on pages 2844 in
the plan. Once the 1998 Plan has been adopted, it will supersede
the 1990 plan.
4. Floodway Ordinances
'
' in flood lain are
Ordinances regulating construction p
currently enforced in the County. The flood insurance rate maps
'
have recently been revised and were adopted by the County in
1989. The County participates in the National Flood Insurance
'
Program through enforcement of mini -mum building standards.
There is a need for a study related to the validity of the
current floodplains maps. The County believes that some desirable
industrial sites, which are now located in floodplain areas, may, in
fact, not be in such areas and may qualify for redesignation.
5. Building and Housing Codes
Bertie County has been enforcing the N. C. State Building
'
Code since July 1,1985. In addition, minor CAMA permits are
issued by County inspectors. The County has adopted a Minimum
Housing Code. This Code will help upgrade the existing housing
stock. Each of the regulations is enforced by the County Building
Inspector.
6. Septic Tank Regulation
Bertie County enforces North Carolina regulation relating to
septic tanks. These regulations are the standards established by the
.26.

1
N. C. Division of Health Services. The regulations are enforced by
the Bertie County Inspectors.
'
7. Zoning and Subdivision Regulations
rBertie
County has not enacted zoning or subdivision
regulations. Windsor, Aulander, Powellsville, and Colerain each
enforce a zoning ordinance. The need for a countywide zoning and
subdivision ordinance is detailed elsewhere in this plan.
8. Water Supply Plan
r
In accordance with General Statutes 143-355 (1) and (m), all
local governments that supply, or plan to supply, water must
prepare a local water supply plan. Bertie County's Water Supply
'
Plan for four districts was adopted March 2,1994 in accordance
with State regulations, with an update on September 15,1998.
rIn
such have been
Bertie Countythere are eleven plans that
completed and submitted to the State.
r
a.
Aulander
r
b.
Bertie County, Water District I
c.
Bertie County, Water District II
d.
Bertie County, Water District III
'
e.
Bertie County, Water District IV
f.
Colerain
g.
Kelford
r
h.
Lewiston -Woodville
i.
Powellsville -
j.
Roxobel
k.
Windsor
r
r
r
27
r

i
VI. CONSTRAINTS
1
A. LAND SUITABILITY — PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS
'
1. Major Hazard Areas
'
a. In accordance with Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA Title III), Bertie County lists eleven
such sites in the 1995 Tier II Reports. These sites include
chemicals on EPX s list of Extremely Hazardous Substances. The
sites are:
Lea Lumber and Plywood, Windsor, NC
National Guard Armory, Windsor
'
Peanut Belt Research Station, Lewiston -Woodville
Perdue Farms, Inc., Lewiston -Woodville
'
Powell and Stokes, Windsor
Quick Snak 2, Windsor
Royster Clark, Inc., Aulander
Royster Clark, Inc., Colerain
Sprint Carolina Telephone, Aulander
Sprint Carolina Telephone, Windsor
Todd's Bait, Windsor
b. Natural Hazard areas would include all flood plain areas shown on
Map 2.
2. Areas With Soil Limitations
Soils in Bertie County have been mapped by the Soil and Water
Conservation Service (SWCS). The soil survey is used to determine
which soils present developmental limitations due to wetness or high
shrink -swell potential.
'
Analysis of the soil survey shows thirty-nine soil bodies or mapping
units (Figure 10). Of the forty-one soil bodies, twelve are well drained,
'
eleven are moderately drained, and one is excessively well
28

HE
Soil Characteristics
Bertie County
' Figure 10
1
G
SYMBOL
NAME
AtA
Altavista fine sandy loam
Au
Augusta fine sandy loam
BB
Bibb and Johnston foams
Bob
Bonneau foamy sand
BaC
Bonneau loamy sand
Ch
Chewacla loam
CnB
Conetoe loamy sand
CrA '
Craven fine sandy loam
CrB
Craven fine sandy foam
CrC
Craven fine sandy loam
DgA
Dogue sandy loam
DgB
Dogue sandy loam
DgC
Dogue sandy loam.
Dk
Dorovan mucky peat .
ExA
Exum very fine sandy loam
ExB
Exum very fine sandy loam
GoA
Goldsboro sandy loam.
Gt
Grantham silt foam
Lf
Leaf loam
Ln
Lenoir fine sandy loam
Ly
Lynchburg sandy loam
Na
Nahunta very fine sandy loam
NoA. -
Norfolk sandy loam
NoB..
Norfolk sandy loam
Pa
Pantego loam -
Ra
Rains sandy loam
Ro. -
Roanoke fine sandy loam
Se
Seabrook loamy sand. :
TaB
Tarboro loamy sand
TM
Tomotley sandy loam
Ud
.. Udorthents, loamy
Wa
Wahee sandy loam
WE
Wehadkee loam.
WkA
.Wickham fine sandy loam
WkB -
Wickham fine sandy loam
WkC
Wickham fine sandy loam
WmB
Wickham Urban -land complex
WtD ..
Winton fine sandy loam
WtE
Winton fine sandy loam
Source: USDA, Natural Resource Conservation Service
29
SEPTIC
FARMLAND
Severe
Prime Farmland
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Slight
Severe
Prime Farmland
Severe
Prime Farmland
Severe
.
Severe
Prime Farmland
Severe
Prime Farmland
Severe
Severe
Severe
Prime Farmland`
Severe
Prime Farmland
Severe.
Prime Farmland
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Severe
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Moderate
Prime Farmland
Moderate
. Prime Farmland
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Seven:.
-
Severe
Severe
Severe
Prime Farmland (where drained)
Severe
Severe
Severe
Modej ate
Prime Farmland
Moderate
Prime Farmland
Moderate
Moderate
Severe
Severe

drained. These areas will not present problems for industrial or urban
development.
' There are fourteen very poor to ve poorly drained soil bodies in the
P P Y
County; three soils are extensively floodable. Nearly 80 percent of the
' soils in the County have limitations for septic tanks due to poor
drainage, seasonably high water tables, or permeability problems.
' Figure 11 shows the four soil associations in Bertie County. They are
grouped according to their suitability for development. This includes
hazards for foundations, limitations on septic tanks, and drainage.
3. Water Supply Areas
L
Knowledge of the quality of groundwater and aquifers is important
because of the implications to human and aquatic health and because of .
the significant costs associated with land and water management,
conservation and regulation.
"In 1991, the U. S. Congress appropriated funds for the U. S.
Geological Survey (USGS) to begin the National Water Quality
Assessment (NAWQA) program." The information in this section is
taken from the NAWQA report "Water Quality in the Albemarle -
Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1992-95"
published in 1998. In this report, the Coastal Plain is divided into the
inner Coastal Plain and the outer Coastal Plain. Bertie County lies
within the inner Coastal Plain.
The study considers the environmental setting and hydrologic
conditions, nutrients, pesticides, and other organic components and
trace elements, fish communities, and a comparison of findings in the
Albemarle -Pamlico Drainage Basin with nationwide NAWQA
findings.
In regards to the environmental setting and hydrologic conditions,
the area is ". dominated by a patchwork of forested (50 percent of the
area) and agricultural (more than 30 percent) lands, with large tracts of
wetlands (about 15 percent) in the eastern Coastal Plain. Less than 5
percent of the overall basin area contains urban land. Agricultural and
urban land uses have the greatest potential to affect water quality
30

because these land uses are the sources of large amounts of nutrients,
sediments, and pesticides." (page 4)
The major aquifers that compose the central coastal plain aquifer
system include the Upper Cape Fear, Lower Cape Fear, Black Creek
and PeeDee aquifers. These consist primarily of unconsolidated and
partly consolidated sands with some limestone and sandy limestone.
Usage of these aquifers is increasing significantly and is causing the
water table to decrease as much as two feet annually. While this
decrease is not as great as with other aquifers to the south, there is still
need for concern.
Typical concentrations of nutrients in groundwater generally do not
exceed drinking -water or aquatic -life standards; however, about 4
percent of the wells sampled did produce water with nitrate
concentrations that exceeded drinking -water standards. "The highest
concentrations of nitrate in shallow groundwater are associated with
well -drained soils in the inner Coastal Plain ..." (page 8)
Another nutrient, phosphorus, is not usually present in
groundwater; however, deep groundwater had a median concentration
and shallow groundwater had a much lower median concentration.
These concentrations are likely derived from phosphorus minerals in
the aquifer sediments.
Pesticides, organic compounds and trace. elements show no
concentrations, or concentrations too small for -concern.
Fish communities are not discussed in this section.
A comparison of findings between the Albemarle -Pamlico
Drainage Basin and nationwide NAWQA findings concluded that
"Limiting fertilizer or manure applications ... and developing deeper
ground -water supplies that are protected from land -surface activities
should minimize exposure to excessive concentrations." (page 14)
31

4. Slope Exceeding 12%
Excessive slopes, those greater than 12% are present in some
areas of Bertie County. Areas along the Chowan River shoreline and
the Roanoke River floodplain exist and have caused concerns due to
erosion. In some places along the ground, bluffs measuring 70 feet in
elevation are located close to the river's edge. To date, most
development has occurred on low-lying land with only access roads
affecting the bluffs. Future development of the bluffs will need to be
monitored to guard against further erosion.
5. Small Watersheds
a. Bertie County is located within two major river basins — the
Chowan River Basin and the Roanoke River Basin.
The Chowan River begins in Virginia where the Nottoway,
Blackwater and Meherrin Rivers originate. The Nottoway and
Blackwater merge at the Virginia/North Carolina line to form the
ChowanRiver. The Meherrin joins the Chowan soon thereafter.
The Chowan flows fifty miles through five North Carolina counties
before emptying into the Albemarle Sound at Edenton.
Water quality within the Chowan Basin is of concern. While
there are very few marinas on the Chowan River, and population
density is the least of all other major river basins, there is still
serious impairment. Sediment accounts for 38% of the impaired
miles, while low dissolved oxygen affects 18% and dioxin impairs
another 10%. Nonpoint sources account for 82% of the
impairment. Of this amount, agriculture is the dominant source
(731/o), and is the cause of severe algae blooms which occurred in
the 1960's and 1970's. A result of these occurrences was the
designating of the Chowan as a nutrient sensitive river. Although
some nutrient reduction has taken place with regard to point
sources, a major algae bloom occurred in the summer of 1993.
Point sources account for the remaining 18% of impairment.
Point sources have been identified as one discharger of metal
loadings, two solid waste sites, and seven Superfund sites. Two of
the Superfund sites are located close to the Chowan and Meherrin
32

Rivers, and high levels of dioxin come from the Union Camp plant
in Virginia.
b. The Roanoke River Basin begins in the foothills of the Blue
Ridge Mountains in Virginia and flows through several Virginia
and North Carolina counties before entering Bertie County via
Northampton and Hertford counties. The Roanoke empties into the
Albemarle Sound at the junction of Bertie, Martin and Washington
counties.
More than 53% of the waters in this Basin are impaired. Again,
nonpoint sources account for 85% of the impairment. Suspended
sediments, toxic contaminations, excessive nutrient loading, and
fecal contamination are the primary causes of impairment.
The high levels of industry, especially in the Roanoke Rapids
area, have caused water quality standards and metal concentrations
to be exceeded at many sites. Another source of concern has to do
with dams. Three dams are located on the Roanoke River.
Fluctuations in flow from these dams cause water quality problems
downstream. Low flow periods allow standing waste to
accumulate rather than be diluted and flushed downstream. On the
other hand, excessive releases create flooding problems.
c. As noted previously, Bertie County is impacted by no less than 50
small watersheds. These may range in size from 5,000 to 50,000
acres (Figure 12). Although growth and development is -minimal
within the County, and although basinwide management plans exist
for the Chowan and Roanoke Basins, it may be prudent for Bertie
County to undertake a more thorough study of the small watershed,
and their impact on future development. This would be especially
beneficial in the areas surrounding the municipalities.
d. Recommended basinwide management actions have been
determined. These include such action as coordinating point source
management; targeting nonpoint sources for reduction; improving
wetlands protection; acquiring vital habitat areas (nonriverine
swamp forest and hardwood forest, tidal freshwater marshland, and
Atlantic white cedar forest land).
33

Soil Suitability By Associations
Bertie County
Figure 11
•.ter • � - ..
... • i
i _
9El
4' f
NORFOLK-DUPLIN-GOLDSBGRQ ASSOCIATION; SUITABLE FOR DEVELOPMW
LENIOR-CRAVEN-DUNBAR. ASSOCIATION and'LENIOR-CMILLE ASSOCIATION,
'SUITABILITY -SIGHTLY LIMITED
WICKHAM-ALTAVISTA-WIHEE ASSOCIATION. WIGRAM-OCILLA ASSOCIATION,
and ROANOKE-CHMCLA-WEHADKEE•ASSOCIATION;'SUITABILITY:'LINITED
® DARE-PUNGO-PONZER ASSOCIATION; SUITABLE FOR RECREATION
Source:. .U:S.: Dept. of. Agriculture, .Soil Conservation
Service.,.Raleigh,`.NC; General Soil,Map,;`Bertie
County.,• .NC: 1982.
34

Watersheds
Bertie County
Figure 12
'
% of county - - - % of watershed
River Basin
DWQ
in watershed occupied by county
Sub Basin
'
Berne County
3010107100010
0.00
0.08
ROANOKE
03-02-08
3010107100020
0.05
1.09
ROANOKE
03-02-08
'
3010107110010
0.59
9.53
ROANOKE
03-02-08
3010107110020
2.73
96.45
ROANOKE
03-02-08
3010107110030
3.92
76.08
ROANOKE
03-02-08
3010107120050
0.05
4.59
ROANOKE
03-02-09
'
3010107120070
0.05
1.41
ROANOKE
03-02-09- `
3010107130010 '
4.61
9727
ROANOKE
03-02-09
'
3010107130020.
3010107130030
4.38
2.34
100.00
99.99
ROANOKE
ROANOKE
03-02-09
03-02-09
3010107130040
3.62
100-00•
ROANOKE
03-02-09
3010107140050
0.01
0.46
' . ROANOKE
03-02-09
3010107150020
0.05
123
ROANOKE
03-02-09
'
3010107150030
0.03
3.13
ROANOKE
03-02-09
3010107160010
Z39
M69
- ROANOKE
03-02-10
'
.3010107160014
3010107160012
125
3.33
100.00
9923
ROANOKE
ROANOKE
03-02-10
03-0210
3010107160020
3.70
99.37
ROANOKE
03-OZ-10
3010107160030 '
2.56
97.16
ROANOKE
03-02-10
3010107160040
1.52
100.00
ROANOKE
03-02-10
'
3010107160050
6.80
100.00
ROANOKE
03-02-10
3010107160060
1.72
99.04
ROANOKE
03-02-10
'
3010107160070
3010107160071
3.43
1.65
100.00
100.00
ROANOKE
ROANOKE
03-02-10
03-02-10
3010107160080
2.41
100.00
ROANOKE
03-02-10
3010107160081
1.36
100.00
ROANOKE
03-02-10
3010107160090
2.42
89.11 -
ROANOKE
03-02,10
'
3010107160110
3.65
100.00
ROANOKE
03-02-10
301010716011.5
2.61
100.00
ROANOKE
03-02-10
'
3010107160120
3010107160130
3.43.
1.90
99.98
100.00
'ROANOKE
ROANOKE
03-02-09
03-02-09
3010107170010
0.05
1.07
ROANOKE
03-02-09
3010107170020
0.05
0.95
ROANOKE
03-02-09.
3010203050011
6.66.
45.93
CHOWAN
03-01-01
'
.3010203050012
2.80.
100.00
CHOWAN
03-01-01
- 3010203050030
024
822
:' CHOWAN
03-01-01
'
.3010203060010
3010203060011`
1.14:.
1.49
98.73
100.00
CHOWAN
CHOWAN
0341-01
03-01-01
3010203060012
1.93
97.90
CHOWAN
03-01-01_
3010203060020 ..
1.82
':80.53_:
CHOWAN
.03-01-01
'
3010203060030
023
..-:6.86
CHOWAN
03-01-01
3010203690016
.1.53
60.91
CHOWAN
03-01-03
3010203090020
1:55. r `
100.00
CHOWAN
03-01-04
'
3010203090030
3010203090035
1.74
1.14
100.00.
100.00
CHOWAN
CHOWAN
03-01-04
03-01-04
3010203090040.
2.82
..100.00.
CHOWAN
03-01-04
3010203100010
120
: 38.75
CHOWAN
03-01-03
'
3010203100020
1.10
57.07
CHOWAN.
03-01-04
3010205132010
1.03
100.00
CHOWAN
03-01-04
3010205240020.
1.79
45.75
CHOWAN
03-01-04
'
3010205240040
0.00
0.01.
PASQUOTANk
03-01-53
Source.: Division
of Coastal _Management,.1997.
'
35

0
B. LAND SUITABILITY - FRAGILE AREAS
Wetlands, floodplains, groundwater, estuaries and surface water are all
features that must be constantly monitored and are easily affected by
changes in land use. These features help provide habitats for various
types of wildlife, drinking water, and sources of commercial activities.
These features are so important to the general public that many have
been designated Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC) by the Coastal
Resources Commission (CRC). In Bertie County, the estuaries including
the waters and shorelines and parts of the public trust waters have been
designated AECs. While most of these areas are fairly well defined as to
location, the County believes a study is needed concerning floodplains.
Estuarine Waters are defined as the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers,
and tributaries seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing
waters and inland fishing waters. Estuarine Waters are important in that
they are among the most productive natural environments in the State.
These Waters support the basic aquatic life that sustain the commercial
fisheries. Nine of the ten leading commercial catches within the State are
dependent on the estuary for life. There are nine areas in Bertie County
that are classified as Estuarine Waters. They include:
Albemarle Sound
all manmade tributaries
Roanoke River
Conine Creek
Thoroughfare Creek
Middle River
Eastmost River
Chowan River - from confluence to 300 yards south of the US 17
bridge
Ca.shie River from San Souci Ferry to its mouth.
The management objective for the areas of environmental concern is to
give highest priority to its protection in order to maintain the biological,
social, economic, or aesthetic values associated with it. The
development of navigation channels and the use of wharfs are examples
of appropriate alterations in this area, provided that such changes will not
be detrimental to the biological and physical character of the system.
Incompatible uses would include projects which directly or indirectly
36

F",
block or impair existing navigational channels, increase erosion along the
shore, or disrupt the ecology of the shellfish waters. There are presently
no such incompatible uses in the County.
The Estuarine Shoreline, another type of AEC, is considered a
component of the estuarine system because of its close association with
adjacent Estuarine Waters AECs. Estuarine Shorelines are defined as
non -ocean shorelines which are especially vulnerable to erosion,
flooding, or other adverse effects of wind and water. They are intimately
connected to the estuary and are defined as those areas in the County that
border the waterbodies defined as estuaries. The AEC jurisdictional area
is defined to extend for a distance of 75 feet landward from the mean
high water mark. Unless measures have been taken to prevent erosion, no
development should occur within these areas. This 75 foot line can be
used to determine setbacks in all ordinances such as subdivision and
health regulations.
Public Trust Waters are the third type of AEC found in the County.
These areas consist of all natural bodies of water in the County excluding
privately -owned lakes to which the public has no right of access.
Mismanagement of development in these areas could be extremely
harmful. These areas are critical in that they provide a valuable
recreational outlet for the public and also serve to support commercial
and sport fisheries. Control over development in Public Trust Waters is
presently exercised by the State or Federal government. Bertie County
can assist in managing these areas by controlling development adjacent
to them with regulatory devices such as setback lines, minimum lot sizes,
septic tank ordinances, floodplain ordinance, and sedimentation controls.
Inland Wetlands are areas that have been designated by the Coastal
Resources Commission as being important for water quality. These areas
are currently being mapped by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through a National Wetlands Mapping
program. Although these areas have not been identified as AECs, they
have types of plants, soils, and water that make them unique. Activities
within the Wetlands are governed by regulations adopted by the Army
Corps of Engineers. The Wetlands may be natural depressions or land
surrounding manmade ponds. Many of the natural areas have been
altered by changes in drainage patterns. They retain their original hydric
soil and could be eligible for restoration projects. The Division of
37

Coastal Management has provided maps that are 89% accurate for
identifying probable coastal and 404 wetlands.
'
Two of the larger Wetland areas in Bertie County are the Roanoke
w g tY
'
River Valley and the Roquist Pocosin. These areas have not been greatly
affected by human activity except for upriver flood control. Extended
periods of flooding may, over time, change vegetation patterns in the
'
Wetlands. This should be closely monitored for future problems.
One of the most important factors to consider when determining the
suitability of land for future urban development is the possibility of
periodic flooding. Land adjacent to creeks and rivers is often subject to
'
flooding during severe storms. Nearly all of these areas in Bertie County
are woodlands with few exceptions. While it would be wise not to allow
development in these areas, it is sometimes not practical. To prevent as
'
much damage as possible, the County requires structures built within the
100-year floodplain to meet requirements set forth by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The 100-year floodplain is
flood
the area adjoining water bodies that may be subject to a once every
hundred years. FEMA requires floor elevations to be at least one foot
above the flood elevation.
Groundwater is the source of drinking water for Bertie County
citizens. Private and publicly owned wells vary in depth and pumping
capacity. Excessive pumping by Perdue, an out -of -county industry, has
'
lowered the aquifer level. An equilibrium has been reached, but future
drawdowns by new or expanding industry should be closely monitored.
38

'
C. LAND SUITABILITY — AREAS OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL
'
1. Prime Farmland
Prime farmland consists of soils that are best suited for food,
'
feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. These soils produce the
highest yields with minimal expenditure of energy and economic
resources. Figure 11 shows the large amount of land in Bertie
County that is suitable for development. Most of this would also be
prime farmland. This land needs to be protected,, to the extent
'
possible, from unfavorable development.. This can only be
accomplished with land use controls.
'
While the actual loss of rime farmland is difficult to determine
Wlul p ,
the loss of farmland, in general, and the loss of the number of farms
'
can be determined. According to the North Carolina Department of
Agriculture's "Census of Agriculture for 1987,1992 and 1997" the
following data is significant:
1987 1992 1997 Change 87-97
o
Loss of Farms 564 456 371 -34.2 /o
Loss of Farmland 1713,926 17010006 1542338 -10.2%
The 17,588 acres of lost farmland may not appear to be significant;
'
however, the continued decrease over the years can be extremely
adverse unless this trend is controlled.
'
A further examination shows that farms between 10 acres and 49
acres in size decreased by 51.1% between 1987 and 1997. This is a
'
decrease from.133 farms to 65. Farms of other sizes show a decrease
from 27.9%, for farms from one to nine acres, to 38.1% for farms
'
from 50 to 179 acres. Not surprisingly, farms of 1,000 acres or
larger increased 12.2% from 36 to 41.
'
2. Public Land
This includes all land owned or managed by the State of North
Carolina. In Bertie County there are 13,891.16 acres of public land.
These are located in eight pieces of State property.
39

'
a. Roanoke River Wetlands 6,953.60 acres
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
'
b. Great Island Game Land 5,379.07 acres
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
c. Bottom Lands of Albemarle Sound 1,143.03 acres
'
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
d. Agricultural Peanut Belt Research Station 389.73 acres
'
Dept. of Agriculture
e. Windsor Boat Access Area 18.21 acres
Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources
f. Windsor National Guard Armory 4.34 acres
Dept. of Crime Control and Public Safety
'
g. Dept. of Transportation Maintenance Yard 2.40 acres
Dept. of Transportation
h. Sans Souci Access Area 0.78 acres
'
Dept. of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
3. Land and Water Conservation Fund Recreational Projects
This is a Federal program that assists local governments in
'
"acquiring and developing land, water and facilities for public
outdoor recreation." In Bertie County four such projects exist.
'
a. Aulander School Site property 10.63 acres
b. Windsor Outdoor Camping/Recreation Area 13.13 acres
'
c. Windsor Youth Park 2.87 acres
d. Windsor Recreation Park Tennis' Court 0.52 acres
D. COMMUNITY SERVICES CAPACITY
'
1. Wastewater Management
'
Anyone who discharges into the surface waters of the State
must have a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit. In order to obtain such a permit, an applicant
'
must prepare an Environmental Assessment or an Environmental
Impact Statement, be inspected by the N.C. Division of Water
'
Quality, have their effluent limits established for the type. of
discharge, and have their request published for public review and
i
comment.
40

'
In Bertie County,12 such permits exist.
1
a. Askewville Elementary School
b. Bertie High School
c. C. G. White Elementary School
d. Eastern Fuels, Inc./L. L. Parkers Grocery
e. Eastern Fuels, Inc./Red Apple #7
f. Ladd Furniture/Lea Lumber and Plywood
g. Lewiston Woodville Wastewater Treatment Plant
!
h. Louisiana Pacific Corporation
i. Perdue Farms, Inc.
j. Perry -Wynne Fish Company
'
k. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
1. Windsor Wastewater Treatment Plant
2. Drinking Water Supply
'
In accordance with General Statutes 143-355 and m all
local governments that supply, or plan to supply, water must
prepare a local water supply plan. Bertie County's Water Supply
plans for all four districts were adopted on March 2,1994 in
accordance with State regulations.
- In Bertie County there are eleven such plans that have been
'
completed and submitted to the State.
a. Aulander
b. Bertie County, Water District I
c. Bertie County, Water District II
'
d. Bertie County, Water District III
e. Bertie County, Water District IV
'
f. Colerain
g . Kelford
h. Lewiston -Woodville
i. Powellsville
j. Roxobel
'
k. Windsor
i
41 :

'
3. Transportation Needs
Bertie County is included in Division One, District Two of the
North Carolina Transportation Improvement Plan for 1998-2004.
The plan includes ten projects as listed in Figure 13 and
accompanying maps.
'
Local transportation is provided by the Choanoke Public
Transportation Authority (CPTA). They provide services for senior
citizens and others throughout the County, as well as services to the
!
County Mental Health Facilities. Services are provided Monday
through Friday. Other services are provided on demand.
'
The is also served b Trailways Bus System.
County Y Y Y
42

Transportation Improvement Program
Bertie County
Figure 13
TOTAL
PRIOR
WORK TYPE SCHEDULE.
ROUTEXITY
ID NO.
LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION.'
LENGTH .
.'• EST...
YEARS'
(FUNDING) FEDERAL FISCAL YEAR .
4MI1`
COST
COST
EST. COST
I MI
(THOU)
(THOU)
(THOU) 98 99 00.. 01 OZ 03 04.
NC 11
R=2900
'NC 903 TO US 13 BYPASS•NORTII OF AHOSKIE.
' 29.0
71400..IDENTIFIED
FUTURE NEED
WIDEN ROADWAY TO FOUR LANE DIVIDED FACILITY.
46.7
US 13
R-2205 *
NC 42 TO THE WINTON BYPASS. MULTI. -LANE
11.2
84650
900
D.
-�
FACILITY WITH A BYPASS OF AHOSKIE ON NEW
.18:0
R(T ;) 8850
.•
��*
LOCATION.
,.
C(T.) 13075
POST YEAR CONSTRUCTION-61825
US 13
R-2506
''US 13 BUSINESS NORTH OF WINDSOR To. NC 42. ,•
17.2
.;48200
. 200
IDENTIFIED FUTURE NEED •.
w
.:WIDEN ROADWAY TO A MULTI -LANE FACILITY.
27.7..
,(INCLUDES HISSING LINK OF WINDSOR BY
- -
US 1T
R-2404 *
SOUTH OF WINDSOR TO NEST OF CHOUAN RIVER.
50690.
'6300
P
WIDEN ROADWAY TO MULTI -LANES WITH A'BYPASS
.15.8
25.4
D *
—•.
OF WINDSOR ON -NEW LOCATION.
R(T ) 3800
C(T. ) 34625•
P ' 0$T YEAR CONSTRUCTION-5875
US 1T
R42512
WEST OF CHOWAN RIVER TO US•17 BUSINESS EAST
7.6
94182"
72507
C(T. ) 21675
OF.EDENTON.- WIDEN ROADWAY•TO:A MULTI -LANE.. "
':12.2
FACILITY KITH INTERCHANGES'AT;SR 1234 AND -'UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
SR 1319..
NC.30B.
R-2605
NC 11-42 IN LlWISTON-WOODVILLE.TO•US 13 IN
14,9
7500
IDENTIFIED FUTURE NEED - CONSTRUCTION
WINDSOR. `UPGRADE EXISTING TWO LANE ROADWAY
24.0
BY DIVISION
AND. RESURFACE-,
SR 1108
8-3811
INDIAN CREEK. REPLACE BRIDGE NO. 85
-
385
R(NFA) 35 RIGHT OF WAY - FFY 03.
C(NFA). 350 CONSTRUCTION - FFY,04
SR•1123
B'3612'
BRANCH INDIAN CREEK. REPLACE BRIDGE NO.143
385
R(NFA) •35 RIGHT OF WAY - FFY 02
* INDICATES INTRASTATE PROJECT
c(NFA) 350 CONSTRUCTION -FFY 03

HIGHWAY PROGRAM
BERTIE COUNTY .
ROUTEICITY
ID NO.
- LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION LENGTH TOTAL PRIOR
"WORK TYPE 98..' 99 . 00 01 02 03 04
SR 1128
B-3408
BRANCH ROANOKE RIVER.. REPLACE.BRIDGE NM 147 - 330
'R(NFA)
30 RIGHT OF WAY - FFY 01
C(NFA)
300 CONSTRUCTION FFY 02
WINDSOR
W-3430.
SR 1100, 0.4 MILE TO 0.2 MILE WEST OF US 13' 0.2 225 225'•
CUES),
UNDER'CONSTRUCTION
BYPASS, WEST-OF.WINDSOR. ,REVISE ROADWAY TO 0.3
IMPROVE HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT.-

HIGHWAY PROGRAM
COUNTY
ROUTE/CITY ID NO. LOCATION AND.
LENGTH.' TOTAL PRIOR
(MI) EST. YEARS
WORK TYPE .
(FUNDING) .
SCHEDULE
FEDERAL FISCAL YEAR
DESCRIPTION
(KM) COST COST
EST. COST
00 01
.
(THOU) : (THOU)
(THOU)'
96 •.99 02 03 04
NC 00 R-0000 * I-40 TO HOMETOWN.
15.3 24150 250
P
�—
WIDEN EXISTING ROADWAY
24.8
D .
--
TO A FOUR -LANE DIVIDED
R (NHS)
4550.
—
r•
FACILITY WITH A BYPASS
C (NHS)
19350
ON NEW LOCATION.
TOTAL ESTIMATED
SCHEDULE -Bar length covers time in federal
ROUTE NUMBER
INDICATES
COST OF PROJECT
fiscal years that each work type Is scheduled to
be accomplished. indicates work started
listed in order of I,
INTRASTATE
LENGTH OF
IN THOUSANDS.OF
DOLLARS,
before FFY 98 or extends beyond FFY 04
US, NC, SR, CITY'
PROJECT
'
• PROJECT IN
(where no work type bar is shown, phase is
OR New Route..
MILES AND
completed of applicable).
c dorn
. KILOMETERS
ibENTIFICATION NUMBER Is `:,
PRIOR YEAR COST IN
WORK
TYPE.—•-
P Planning �—» FUNDING.
assigned to each project at Its
• THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS .
(Phase of project
-D Design The category of funds
tit conception and remains with It
equals authorized funding for
Implementation)
• R Right of Way programmed for right of
I until completion.
project In previous year§.
C Construction way and construction. .
See key below. Funding
for P & D not shown.
Funding source ntay. change to acconmtodate, revenue vadatfons.
i

1
rov
Transportation Improvement P ement Program
' [The text is adapted from the 1997 Transportation 1mprovementp1= Most of the sentences are copied directly.
However, some passages have been deleted reordered and/or slightly moc7fied for purposes of this text]
' The Transportation Improvement program is essentially an overview of transportation projects anticipated in the next
five years. It contains funding information and schedules for various transportation divisions including: highways,
aviation, public transportation, rail, bicycle, and pedestrians and. the Governor's Highway Safety Program, Specific
' Pmjects.in each county are listed by the various funding programs, The interstate, rural, bridge, rail/highway grade_
crossing projects and highway safety projects are listed in order of route number, while the urban program projects are
listed alphabetically by city:
' The projects are coded depending upon the nature of the pmject Ile -following list of refixes
of project: P give insight into the We
' I hnterstate RA Rural
X Special U Urban
B Bridge Replacement E Enhancement
K�L Landscape' P Passenger Rail
' F F lh Hazard (Mighway sty) Y Z Railroad/MOMCrossing Projects
eM IrnprT=ent
' These codes precede a project number_ See the column labeled ID No. for the prefix applicable to a particular mect
P i
Pmjects in the metros= or Urban Loop Systems are *listed under the appropriate funding program, but are identified
' with an asterisk (*) following the project ID number: Ferry projects have been assigned to their respective connectin
highway route numbers where possnble and the division where they are assigned to operate, g
t A bar graph chart is shown for each interstate, rural "and urban project in the county -by -county listing. The time required:
for the planning; design, right -of --way, and construction phases of each project is estimated and depicted bya' bar graph
opposite each of these phases. The cost of right-cf-way and construction and.their anticipated funding sources also are
' .listed. .
.The maps included are. general in nature, showing the location of each of.the programmed projects for the interstate,
rural, urban, and bridge programs. The descriptions and maps for most projects are preliminary and subject to -change.
All major projects require extensive planning, environmental impact,. and design studies. The location and the exact type
of improvements are subject to refinement and modification during the planning and design phases.
Source Transportation Improvement Progran; 1998-2004, NC Department of Transportation.
' Contact Transportation Improvement Program;. 'Tel: [phone]
information: NC Dept of Transportation
PO Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 2701-520I
-46-

DD `4 •� KtY'm! � •�
R.2205
COEID'
FI+
HERTFORD. COUNTY ..s �• `, ►:: Y ��
47
it `7'�' `/`BERTIE COUNTY
jo
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a - } fA5.9 rA� j t � !i rownuvid
y 4 7; OSKIE 1.7 •. / .. �•
QF
US 13a NC 42•TO THE WINTONBYPASS BERTIE-HERTFORD COUNTIES.
MULTI —LANE FACILITY WITH A BYPASS.OF.AHOSKIE ON NEW LOCATION..

r r� r r� r rr, � r �r r■� r� � � r rI � r r
AN
roe. 110
44
• \... 1, 1. `,.' ` :??1 ," 1 • .-•'-RY..3i..o �7�4. 1 i,,�. - •% .
•I .I ,,1. />'•/ Neel st" ` . % �� !
fit, `• �. ` 'dpl > • :� AdJnJ • �' ` 1�3 T' j 1:� SEW
Na
_ � � �• s co.r..w !!A 3ir� • � •'� i?SJ .273 Y, ; 1 1 t • � /
Is
CHOWAN COUNTY ,
swe
00 �� •�,
. Green. Cron ..� _ - _`!' •X: `
�+••: .�� 1j„ Vyi ... ! ' Petersen Cf% 1
-- ' VANOSOR. 'i, .
tmlte oak
wi ►or.sus
910
BERTIE COUNTY • 1�
.,�;y� m scAL
l► Ike=�1. a0 r
US 17, SOUTH OF WINSOR TO WEST.OF CHOWAN RIVER, BERTIE COUNTY.
WIDEN ROADWAY TO MULTI —LANES WITH A BYPASS OF WINDSOR ON NEW LOCATION.

• ,.
.A
�o

'
4. Other Community Facilities
a. Schools
The Bertie County Board of Education currently operates six
'
elementary schools and one senior high school. The senior high
school is located about three miles north of Windsor, and serves
the entire county. The Southwestern Elementary and C. G.
White Elementary have been converted to middle schools, and a
new elementary school has been built in Windsor. Although.the
'
total County enrollment continues to decline, some schools are
over capacity. Figure -14 shows the total enrollment to date, as
well as, capacities, teachers/pupil ratios, grades served, and year
of construction with dates of renovation and/or additions. The
decline continues, but appears to be slowing.
b. Landfill and Solid Waste
'
In 1996 the State passed a law (NCGS §130A-309.09A)
requiring all units of local government to prepare a solid waste
plan.
i
Several years ago, Bertie County, in cooperation with several
surrounding counties, created the East Carolina Regional
Landfill.. This is located at the site of the Bertie County Landfill.
The Regional Landfill handles approximately 20,000 tons
annually. Solid waste recovery is a goal for Bertie County.
Figure 15 shows results for 1995-96. The only other active
'
landfill in the County is a private landfill permitted by R. J.
Reynolds at Merry Hill.
c. Law Enforcement
Bertie County and Martin County share a regional jail facility
consisting of 90 cells. The Bertie County Sheriff's Department
'
consists of 18 deputies. The Towns of Askewville, Aulander,
Lewiston -Woodville and Windsor have their own police
departments.
52

' -- YEAR
TEACHER/ ERECTED
PUPIL PLUS
■ SCHOOL CAPACITY ENROLLMENT RATIO GRADE ADDITIONS
Askewville Elementary
192
147
28.0
PK-5
Aulander Elementary
360
229
19.7
PK-S
'
Southwestern Middle
672
609
27.0
6-8
Bertie Senior High
1160
1143
23.4
9-12
C. G. White Middle
336
293
16.7
6-8
Colerain Elementary
432
372
24.8
PK-5
'
John P. Law Elementary
192
129
21.3
PK-5
West Bertie Elementary
576
479
25.2
K-5
Windsor Elementary
482
480
23.0
PK-5
1964,85
1961, 71, 85
1962, 68
1962, 68, 70,
72, 73 ,82,
85, 88
1951,70
1986
1961, 85.
1961, 74, 85
1991

Waste Stream Analysis
Figure 15
is analysis seeks to identify the presence of basic materials in a community's waste stream.
The°Local tonnage" column is based on state -averages for each material while "Current
recovery" come from values reported in the 1995-96 North Carolina Solid Waste Management ,
Annual Reports. DPPEA hopes this analysis will be useful as local governments develop and
implement their solid waste plans.
•.Quick.WasteStreamAnalysisfor: �'rnBEili7ECOU(�1TY: f><::,.
+ :G+!:.: ,y±.�••w ryaAa•... ::i •f: ?'...,: ..-....'aw.f :•:�5:.' ti.•}:r::4? a. W:r: •q�Q:{4{,QiS?'V. /'::}'�:i•}•f� :.7..•♦
Commune s'Po
vr.'F:,•:7 �i:":i.: •.'.Z. ..v•n`f�J,ya:'•'iil`•v/fw•a';�:�r2Q;498::NzY:}::;:+}i�:x>:�<.��.>:. •��;?:.::•.�
: 'if ♦ ': :J +4ir}•.'•, �.f.r?:t r.•.: 7.vl:n. ♦ }!':�.•`:,}fY?f .ar}rr ... .•i% r..•.{'�:i.:;:'n"i'i}•'•;a �:
..,. ,...t. ...:..;•.: rr .:.,.•:•. ::a+., ::,. f;p:ar: o; a.ntiv :•. .a:<.�,t:•:.3:0 •;K..: {.7 ,x. ;�;�t.
Local Material. Current - Tons left in
Material tonnage value recovery waste strew
Total Paper 5,511 $290,776 72 5,439
Newsprint 805 $53,148 72 734
Cardboard. 2,064 $113,544 0 Z064
Magazines 168 $1,681. 0, 168
Office Paper 644 $122,402 0 644
Mixed Paper total 1,829 $0 0 1,829
Glass 972 $29,166 .37 936
Aluminum Cans 128 $143,453 5 123
Steel Cans 1621 $5,211 11 151
Total Plastic 560 N/A 9 531
PETS 69 $24,773 9 60
HDPE .102 $26,419 •. p 102
Other Plastic 390 NIA 0 390
Pallets and Wood Crates 1,318 NIA 1 1,317
Food Wastes 1,126 NIA 0 1,126 .
WhKagoods - 247. $1,233 105 142
V Other Metal WA . NIA 3 WA
Special Wastes -
Used "Oil (Do-it-yourself gallons) 16,691 NIA 0 _ 16,69.1
HHW (tons) 70 NIA 0 70
Used Paint (HHW subset) 12 NIA N/A 12
e N/A NIA 0. :NIA
This analysis uses waste stream factors from the North. Cara ft MarketAssessrnent report and data from thel99&96
Laces Goiiemmerrt Solid Walla MarragementArrnualReports. County reports include all city recycling tonnages: The
whole waste stream is not represented here - only certain items.. 06 ment recovery' reflects loyal government recycliing
efforts oNy; no pdvafe.sector recovery is included.: This -analysis does.not include local industdal by-product waste
streams specific to the industrial generators in a given area.: if a local govemment's receding is perfomred by the'county
or another munidpaRy, recovery -numbers may not be accurately. represented in this analysis. "Material values' are
based on periodic OPPEA surveys of three processors in. eastem,.centrai, and western North Carolina as printed in
Receding Works, the Pacycfing Business Assistance Center OMM newsletter. This sheet may contain errors due to
rounding.
54

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
i
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
d. Emergency Services
Bertie County relies on a large number of volunteers to man
volunteer fire departments and rescue squads throughout the
County. These men and women contribute countless hours of
service to protect life and property.
1) Fire Services - The eleven volunteer fire departments are
located at Askewville, Aulander, Bluejay, Colerain, Kelford,
Lewiston -Woodville, Midway -Merry Hill, Perrytown,
Powellsville, Roxobel, Trap and Windsor.
2) Emergency Services — Rescue squads are located at
Askewville, Aulander, Colerain, Kelford, Lewiston -
Woodville and Windsor.
e. Public Administration
Bertie County is governed by a Board of County
Commissioners for four year terms. County administration is
handled by a County Manager and Deputy County Manager
hired by the County Commissioners. Currently, the County
employs 175 people. This number is accurate to handle the work
for the County.

' VII. ESTIMATED DEMANDS
A. POPULATION
1. Population Estimates from the North Carolina Office of State Planning
show Bertie's 2000 population at 20,044 with an estimated decrease of
2.9% for 2010, or a population of 19,463. Their estimates show a net
migration of -3.6% for the same ten year period.
2. The attached population growth map (Figure 16) reveals a disturbing
picture. According to State estimates, eight adjacent, or near adjacent,
counties all show population decreases. These decreases range from a
low of 1.2% for Halifax and Martin counties, to a high of 8.2% for
'
Washington County and 7.3% for Tyrrell County. An objective of the
County should be a study of why out -migration has affected this area
more than any other section of the State. The County must adopt a
strategy that will focus on what will stimulate in -migration, tourism,
and the creation of j obs with salaries well above the minimum wage.
To be sure, the area is greatly impacted by the strong economy and
availability of higher paying jobs in the metropolitan southeastern
section of Virginia. However, other factors may also be involved.
These should be studied and solutions proposed to slow the out
migration. This downward trend will have several social and economic
effects if continued.
FUTURE
B. LAND NEEDS
'
Future land needs for Bertie County presents no problem. Population
density is not an issue, and there is no influx of undesirable industry. The
'
County considers undesirable industries to be those that would degrade the
environment, or those paying minimum wages.
'
C. DEMAND FOR COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES
'
Demand for community facilities should not be a major issue: however,
there is a need for expanded facilities for the County Health and Social
56

A new hospital is being constructed.
The Countywide water system is now a reality. A similar Countywide
sewer system would be most beneficial; however, sparse population
density and large land areas make this unlikely due to cost.
The greatest need is for improved highways.
57

M M M M M M M M M M M r M M M M M M M
00
POPULATION GROWTH 2O00 TO 2010
Low Growth, Net Out -Migration
® Population Loss, Net In -Migration
Population Loss, Net Out -Migration
❑ Extreme Natural Incr., Net Out -Migration

VIII. POLICY STATEMENTS
The general statement for Bertie County Land Use Plan policies is
promotion of economic development that will be in harmony with the natural
environment. These policies will serve as a guide to future changes in land
use. They will serve in the protection of existing resources, production and
management of resources, and community and economic development.
The policies for Bertie County are based on issues established by the
Bertie County Economic Development and Planning Commission, and
comments received at three area meetings held during the planning process.
The issues include those addressed in the 1990 Bertie County Land Use Plan,
the 1989 Planning Guidelines, regulations established by the Coastal
Resources Commission, and new issues of concern to Bertie County citizens.
Land use planning is not static, it is evolving with time. The issues, goals,
and policies in this plan will continue to change as the County changes.
During the next ten years there will be population, residential, commercial
and industrial increases. The economy will increase, as will tourism. The
County will continue to react to these changes in keeping with their over
riding goal to promote sustainable economic development which will
stimulate positive growth and enhance the quality of life for the citizens while
projecting the rural character of the County.
A. RESOURCE PROTECTION
It is the intent of the governing body of Bertie County to take what
steps they deem necessary to protect the resources of the County. In those
situations where State or Federal laws are in effect, the governing body
will support and enforce such laws; in other situations, the County may
adopt necessary ordinances and regulations to protect the citizens.
1. CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT
While there are several constraints to development listed and
discussed in the following paragraphs, there is another constraint that is
not listed. This has to do with soil suitability for septic tanks.
Inasmuch as the majority of the County is not serviced by any public
59

wastewater treatment facility, and a major portion of the soil types in
the County are not conducive to septic tank usage, this issue is very
important. Most alternatives for this issue are not cost effective due to
the population density. Changing soil types, for example, would be
prohibitive. At this time Bertie County inspectors consider septic tank
permits on an individual basis after they view the site for drainage, size
and use. This procedure is acceptable for the County. Towns and
unincorporated areas that may wish to consider public systems or
package systems will be encouraged to do so as funds permit. No other
policies are needed.
2. AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND LAND USE
Bertie County recognizes that the primary concern of the
Coastal Management Program is to provide a means for planning
sound economic growth that is sensitive to the need to protect
natural resources. County officials share this concern for the
protection and sound management of these environmentally
sensitive lands and waters. The following Areas of
Environmental Concern (AECs) have been identified in Bertie
County (Map 2).
a. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines
b. Public Trust Areas
In terms of developing policies, the Estuarine System AECs,
which include Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines, and
Public Trust Areas, will be treated as one uniform grouping since
they are so closely interrelated. Another reason for grouping
these AECs together is the fact that the effective use of maps to
detail exact on -ground location of a particular area sometimes
poses serious limitations.
Bertie County's overall policy and management objective for the
Estuarine System is to give the highest priority to their protection
and perpetuate their biological , social, economic, and aesthetic
values, and to ensure that development occurring within these
AECs is compatible with natural resources. In accordance with this
overall objective, Bertie County encourages those land uses which
conform to the general use standards of the North Carolina
.rl,

' Administrative Code (15 NCAC 7H) for development within the
Estuarine System. As the County Commissioners adopt land use
' controls, uses which are not water dependent would require
approval by committees, groups or individuals delegated with the
authority to deal with such issues. Specifically, each use permitted
in the Estuarine System is discussed below.
a. Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines
Bertie County officials are very much aware that protection
' of the estuarine waters and adjacent estuarine shorelines is of
paramount importance to fishing, both commercially and for
' recreation. Bertie County recognizes that certain actions within
the estuarine shoreline, which is defined as the area extending 75
feet landward of the mean high water line of the estuarine
' waters, could be detrimental to these sensitive areas, and wishes
to protect them.
In order to promote the quality of the estuarine waters, Bertie
County officials will consider land use controls which protect the
values of the estuarine system. Residential, recreational, and
commercial uses would also be controlled within the estuarine
shoreline, provided that:
• A significant change of pollution occurring from the
development does not exist.
• Development does not have a significant adverse impact
on estuarine resources.
• Development does not significantly interfere with existing
public rights or access to, or use of, navigable waters or
public resources.
b. Public Trust Areas
Bertie County recognizes that the public has established
rights to certain water areas, and that these public areas also
support commercial, recreational and aesthetic values. Bertie
County will continue to promote reasonable conservation and
management practices of Public Trust Waters. Appropriate uses
include those which protect public rights for navigation and
61

recreation. Projects which would directly block or impair
existing navigation channels, increase shoreline erosion, deposit
spoils below mean high tide, cause adverse water circulation
patterns, violate water quality standards, or cause degradation of
shellfish waters shall be discouraged. Encouraged uses shall be
those which do not cause an unreasonable detriment to the
physical or biological functions of Public Trust Waters. Such
uses as navigational channels, drainage ditches, bulkheads to
prevent erosion, piers, docks, marinas, and bridges will be
encouraged.
Outstanding Resource Waters have not been identified in
Bertie County. No policies have been adopted for this issue.
3. WETLANDS OF HIGHEST FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
Soil and Water Conservation has designated several areas in Bertie
County as wetlands. Wetlands Functional Assessment maps would
identify wetlands of highest significance; however, such maps where
not available from the Division of Coastal Management at the time of
this update. County officials realize the importance of freshwater
swamps, marshes, and pocosins to the natural environment and support
this designation. Many kinds of wildlife would be lost if this habitat
were drastically altered. The wetlands future is based on maintaining
existing drainage patterns.
Bertie County supports the wetlands program by discouraging land
uses that will alter the natural drainage pattern and vegetation. Farming
and forestry that does not change the drainage pattern would be
supported.
Bertie County supports the CAMA program and the U.S. Corps of
Engineers 404 program which has jurisdiction on regulating
development in designated freshwater swamp areas. The County will
encourage landowners to establish or maintain vegetative buffers
around sensitive wetlands and water bodies.
Development in coastal wetlands is regulated by the local and State
CAMA Permit Officers. Other wetlands (i.e., 404 wetlands) are
regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Bertie County policy
62

is to continue support of these regulations in an effort to protect this
sensitive natural environment.
4. OTHER HAZARDOUS AND FRAGILE AREAS
a. Landfills
Bertie County now permits the private operation of the East
Carolina Regional Landfill which provides service for several
nearby counties. This arrangement has worked out satisfactorily.
There is also one private landfill site at the R. J. Reynolds site in
Merry Hill. This is permitted and monitored by the State. This
site is closed to the public. The County policy will be to support
future non -hazardous solid waste landfill sites for County use as
long as they are constructed and maintained within State
environmental guidelines, are properly permitted by the State, and
are carefully managed locally.
b. Cultural and Historic Resources
There are many historic sites and other cultural resources in
Bertie County. Several sites have been identified and are being
protected and preserved for future generations. Hope Plantation is
one such site. This activity should be expanded through the
County. It will be a matter of policy to plan for and promote
preservation of historic and cultural resources. The following
items will be implemented by the Bertie County Economic
Development Commission in the next five years.
• Seek funding for an inventory of all historic and cultural
resources in Bertie County;
• Develop an Historic Preservation Plan for Bertie County;
• Continue to secure State and National recognitions for
appropriate sites.
5. PROTECTING POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
Bertie County has taken a major step forward in protecting the
potable water supply by installing a countywide water system. The
system consists of four water districts (Map 3). Currently, two districts
63

� I
' are constructed and in use. Another plans to be completed by January,
1999; and the construction of the fourth will begin by the end of 1998.
Three systems will each have two wells, except for District I, which has
three wells. Each system has an upright storage tank with a capacity of
500,000 gallons. Each district will own and operate their system,
' including the land surrounding each well site and storage tank.
' Land uses near groundwater sources are regulated by the North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Bertie
County recognizes the importance of these regulations and supports
' their enforcement.
' 6. PACKAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
Bertie County has very few package sewage treatment plants.
' There are 7-8 swine operations that utilize a form of package treatment
in that the waste goes into a lagoon and then is sprayed in a field or
applied by way of subsurface application. Package treatment plants
will be supported as an alternative means of sewage disposal, and
municipalities will be encouraged to use such treatment plants when
' possible. The issuing of permits through the North Carolina Division
of Water Quality and the Bertie County Health Department is
' considered an appropriate means for protecting the quality of adjacent
waters.
7. STORMWATER
Bertie County supports the use of State and Federal regulations to
control storm water runoff. Best Management Practices through Soil
and Water Conservation Service is supported for agricultural
operations.
Residential development does not currently create a storm water
runoff problem. If such a problem occurs, the County will address the
situation accordingly. Because the County Commissioners do not
consider storm water runoff a problem, they passed a resolution in
February 1999 opposing the Division of Coastal Management's
"Coastal Shoreline Protection Initiative".

' 8. MARINAS, FLOATING HOMES, MOORINGS, MOORING FIELDS
AND DRY STACKS
' The building of marinas and associated development can have a
significant commercial and recreational potential for Bertie County.
' The County supports this development when it is built in compliance
with CAMA regulations. A development review process will be
implemented when the County Commissioners feel it is necessary.
Floating home developments may become more numerous in Bertie
' County. This type of development will be supported when built
according to State and Federal regulations.
The County does not intend to develop a water use plan to
accommodate mooring fields at this time.
Dry stack storage does not exist in Bertie County; however, should
such facilities be built, they will be supported when built according to
State and Federal regulations.
9. INDUSTRIAL IMPACTS ON INDUSTRIAL AREAS
Bertie County recognizes the vulnerability of fragile areas to
changes in land use. County officials will continue to support
applicable State and Federal regulations as they relate to the siting of
new or expanding industry on environmentally sensitive areas. The
County will support water dependent industries adjacent to water
bodies unless they negatively affect water quality. Industry will be
discouraged from other areas classified as conservation.
' The County is also interested in the "ecopark" concept as it relates
to industrial development siting. The County would like to study this
' concept and determine the advisability of such an ecopark in the
County.
65

10. DEVELOPMENT OF SOUND OR ESTUARINE ISLANDS
The County has no Sound Islands; therefore, no policy has been set.
The County does have a few Estuarine islands which they wish to
protect. The County supports recreational and agricultural usage of
these islands in accordance with State and Federal regulations.
11. DEVELOPMENT IN AREAS SUBJECT TO SEA LEVEL RISE
There is little land in Bertie County that would be adversely
affected by a rise in sea level. The areas .affected would be in wetlands
areas and would come under CAMA regulations already in effect. The
County has no other policy on this issue other than to support State
regulations.
12. UPLAND EXCAVATION FOR MARINAS
Such excavation may well be advantageous for the economy of
Bertie County as well as having significant recreational value. The
County supports such development so long as it is done in compliance
with CAMA regulations.
13. BULKHEAD DAMAGE TO EXISTING MARSHES
There are no marshes in Bertie County; therefore, no policy has
been set. However, with regard to bulkheads in general, the County
prefers bulkheads rather than sloping rip -rap or other forms of erosion
control.
14. WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT
MEASURES
Water quality problems, as they relate to the Chowan and Roanoke
Rivers, have been addressed in Chapter VI, Section A.3.
Recommended management actions are listed on pages A3 through
A10 in the "Conservation and Management Plan" prepared as part of
the Albemarle -Pamlico Estuarine Study. In addition, the "Chowan
River Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan" and the "Roanoke

I
' River Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan' contain chapters
related to recommended management strategies and future initiatives.
■ The County should support these actions as they deem practical.
Many actions are scientific and will need to be taken by the State. The
■County should encourage the State to act on these. In light of the past
algae bloom problems and other impairments in the rivers, the County
g P P
' may name a Water Quality Management Committee. The Committee
could monitor this issue and coordinate management activities with the
State.
B. RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
■ Resources are either renewable or nonrenewable. Renewable resources
are dependent upon man for the use of best management practices. When
' used wisely, these resources can provide food and fiber. Nonrenewable
resources must be used judiciously to prevent their depletion.
1. PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL LANDS
The resource in Bertie County that provides the largest economic
return is agricultural land. The protection of this resource is important
to the economic future of the County. The primary protectors of this
■ resource are the farm managers in the County. They have the most to
gain and also the most to lose. Bertie County will encourage sustained
agricultural production through the use of Best Management Practices.
At present, Bertie County has no land use regulations to assist in
conserving prime agricultural land. The law of supply and demand,
and federal regulations are used in the private sector to establish the
highest and best use of existing agricultural land. The County's policy
will be to encourage and support farm programs which will keep prime
agricultural land in cultivation. This will be accomplished by utilizing
the Bertie County Soil Survey in managing and planning all aspects of
agricultural production and other land uses. Land that is in soil
capability Classes I or H and designated prime agricultural land, or
State and locally important land, should be protected by the use of local
land use regulations such as subdivision ordinances.
N

' The change in farm land from cultivated crops to other agricultural
uses often has a negative impact on surrounding property owners.
' Increased noise, bad odors and water pollution may result from the
development of poultry and pork producing operations. These
operations, even when maintained properly, receive opposition due to a
' less than positive visual impact. At the same time, these operations
contribute to the economic viability of the County. The County should
proceed with the adoption of regulations that will protect surrounding
property owners by imposing a minimum setback. A setback of 1000
feet from lagoons and 2500 feet from spray areas should be considered.
' The setback regulations should apply to new homes and new farm
operations.
2. CONDvIERCIAL FORESTRY
Commercial forest companies are the largest landowners in Bertie
County. When combined with privately held land approximately 70
percent of Bertie County is covered with forests. This natural and
renewable resource is important to the County because of jobs provided
through forest products, the aesthetic quality, natural habitats and
improved air quality provided through the abundance of forested areas.
Forestry activities utilize the same resources as farming activities.
The County's policy will be to continue support of the production of
this natural resource through in -kind services to agencies directly
involved with the maintenance and support of this resource.
Specifically the County will continue to support the Cooperative
Extension, Soil and Water Conservation, and NC Forest Service in their
efforts to encourage good forest management. The County encourages
efforts to provide farmers and private businesses financial incentives to
leave forested buffer areas between agricultural areas and public trust
waters. The County will support Federal and State wetland programs
' in an effort to protect fragile areas, particularly wildlife habitats,
adjacent to forests.
3. MINERAL PRODUCTION
' Several areas exist in the County that are used or have been used in
the past for the mining of sand. At the present time this is the only
nonrenewable resource that is taken from the County's resource base.
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' The sand pits vary in size and are normally related to highway
construction. At present the County does not have specific regulations
to cover mining. The N.C. Division of Water Quality and the Division
of Land Resources do have regulations.
' Bertie County will continue to support State and Federal
regulations on mining. The use of this natural resource will be
' supported provided minimal adverse impact on the environment occurs,
such as scaring of the landscape.
The County may adopt regulations that will require minimum
setbacks and buffers from adjoining property. Owners of abandoned
mines will be encouraged to restore, as near as possible, the area to its
original condition.
4. COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL FISHING
' The fishing industry, both commercial and recreational, has been
and continues to be an important part of Bertie County's economy. The
waters in which this industry occurs are directly influenced by runoff
' and effluents from farms, forests, industry and rural and urban
communities. It is critical that the receiving waters are of a quality that
will support a viable habitat for the resource base that creates the
fishing industry. The County is equally affected by runoff from areas
outside Bertie County. These areas are in North Carolina and Virginia.
The policy to protect the fishing industry will be to encourage land
and water users to utilize the most effective methods available for
assuring that the water quality of all surface runoff and effluents are
equal to or better than the quality of the receiving waters. This policy
may be implemented by supporting Bertie County Soil and Water
Conservation District Long -Range Conservation program, and best
fisheries management practices programs. Also the County may
develop regulations that will control runoff. In addition, support will
be given to Local, State and Federal agencies that control or regulate
upriver runoff. Legislation may be supported that requires land use
plans in all North Carolina counties. The County will encourage and
participate in economic development programs that will expand fish
processing in the County.
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Additional support for the recreational fishing industry will come
from encouraging the expansion of tourism and vacation development.
Outstanding Resource Waters and trawling activities are not
present in Bertie County. Policies are not needed at this time.
5. OFF -ROAD VEHICLES
Off -road vehicle usage in Bertie County is limited primarily to
private roads and farms. The County policy will be to support any
regulations adopted by State or Federal agencies. Additional County
regulations are not needed at this time.
6. RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL IMPACTS
AND RESOURCES
Land use for residential, commercial or industrial uses offers
economic incentives for private property owners. Bertie County's
policy in the past has been to allow the market place to establish the
need, type and location of development. The support of this policy has
not created a problem. This policy may create a burden for County
services; however, if it will continue. Certain industries may be
undesirable in Bertie County. Such industries as those that could
pollute waterways or groundwater, those that would degrade the
environment, or those that would pay minimum wages will be
considered undesirable. Infrastructure needs in rural areas may out
weight the benefits of new development. Together, these concerns
support the need for land use controls.
The directing of growth to certain areas is often not easy and
sometimes not a desirable thing to accomplish. The benefit to directing
growth will be to continue supporting development in areas that have
the capacity to handle the growth. Future growth can be directed to
desired areas through the use of zoning, subdivision and health
department regulations and State and Federal regulations.
The Bertie County Economic Development and Planning
Commission can play a key role in the location of future development.
A coordinated marketing effort will continue in industrial recruitment,
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' providing prospective developers with current information and
directing growth to targeted areas.
t 7. PEAT OR PHOSPHATE MINING IMPACTS AND RESOURCES
' At present, there are no known peat bogs or phosphate deposits in
Bertie County large enough to justify mining. The discovery or use of
' any such areas in the future will be dependent upon future economic
conditions. Bertie County officials will address these two issues and
establish policy if and when activity in one or both of these areas
' appears feasible.
'
C. ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
New jobs, better housing, improved infrastructure and schools
'
are all intertwined in the economic and community development of the
County. Each of these, when looked at separately, offer simple
'
solutions to development problems. However, improvement in one
area will not automatically improve another area. The underlying
factor in all of this is the effect development will have on the
environment, particularly water quality. The County policy will be to
improve and expand economic and community development that is
'
consistent with good environmental practices.
1. Types of Development to be Encouraged
'
One of the primary m concerns of local officials and Bertie
County citizens is the need for diversification of the County's
economic base. Providing job opportunities to keep existing
citizens here and to attract new citizens is a top priority for the
'
County. As discussed earlier, desirable industry will be directed to
developed areas. Such areas include the Bertie County Industrial
Park and areas around the municipalities. The new industry should
be environmental acceptable and rely on existing industry and
business whenever possible as a resource base. The new industry
should also provide jobs that are well above minimum wage.
t Also, as discussed earlier, the County would like to study the
concept of an ecopark for industrial siting, and its advisability for
the County.
i
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The need for diversification becomes apparent because one
industry employees 2,600 people, or 63.4% of the County's
industrial workforce. A major employment crisis would result with
the loss of that industry.
2. Commitment to Providing Services
In order to encourage economic development, Bertie County
shall installed a Countywide water system and has enacted a policy
of financial incentives in the form of tax reimbursements. The
County is also actively pursuing the expansion of natural gas into
the County and would support the extension of municipal sewer
service into rural areas. Another major effort of the County has
been to four lane US 17 and 13 as quickly as possible, and to extend
rail service beyond the northwestern part of the County.
3. Desired Growth Pattern
Bertie County desires growth patterns that will distribute
economic opportunity but not place an unnecessary burden on local
taxpayers. The growth should occur in an orderly manner,
preserving the existing character of rural areas, and prime farm land.
Local officials feel that it would be in the County's best interest to
encourage urban growth in areas already served by urban services or
that could be served by urban services, such as water and sewer line
extension.
The County may consider the adoption of regulations that will
direct growth to desirable areas. In addition, the County should
consider the use of setback ordinances to establish a minimum
distance back from highway roadways for predominantly rural
areas.
4. Anticipated Residential Development and Services Needed
With the continued trends towards a decreasing population, the
County has no policy on this issue. Residential development is
taking place along the rivers in places like Black Rock. The County
policy is to support this type of recreational/second home activity as
long as it is consistent with CAMA regulations and good
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environmental practices as determined by the County
Commissioners.
5. Redevelopment of Developed Areas and Location of Endangered
Structures
The reuse of developed areas for new uses can be a financially
and environmentally smart decision. County officials desire to
assist developed areas that need redevelopment or improvement and
would qualify for State or Federal financial assistance.
More intense development in areas that are already developed
is a desirable activity in Bertie County. The new development will
help fill vacant lots, make better use of existing public utilities and
buildings, and help provide for the implementation of new services.
6. Commitment to State and Federal Programs
Bertie County officials support the returning of local tax dollars
to the County through the use of State and Federal programs that
will benefit the County. These tax dollars are distributed in a wide
variety of programs. All people in the County are directly or
indirectly affected by the transfer of funds.
Erosion control is one state program that is implemented
locally. Bertie County is committed to the erosion control programs
through support of the State Sedimentation and Erosion Control Act.
This Act encourages buffer strips along drainage ways and requires
erosion control plans for large excavation projects. County officials
believe State regulations are sufficient to control the problem.
River access in Bertie County is presently limited to private
boat landings and beaches, and five public boat landings. Bertie
County officials support efforts to provide additional public access
to the rivers. This should include boat landings, swimming areas,
and passive recreation areas.
Highway improvements, as stated earlier, are considered a
major factor in ensuring the continued economic growth of the area.
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' Bertie County will continue efforts to secure DOT funds to improve
the County's major and minor thoroughfares.
' Large port facilities do not presently exist in the County.
Policies pertaining to any proposed facility would be considered on
' a case -by -case basis.
' The County has and will continue to support efforts to dredge
areas along major bodies of water to provide safe access for
commercial and recreational boating. Spoils from dredging
' operations should be deposited in areas not affected by erosion.
I' At present, no military facilities are located in or planned for
Bertie County. If a new facility is proposed policies will be
developed. The County is affected by low flying military aircraft on
' training missions; however, no policy has been adopted.
t Adequate and satisfactory housing is also a concern. The
County's policy is to support the application for Community
Development Block Grants that will allow for the rehabilitation of
substandard housing for low -to -moderate income families.
Inasmuch as Bertie County is one of North Carolina's Tier I
economically distressed counties, they are committed to
encouraging more jobs, either through the expansion of current
industries and businesses or through new industries or businesses.
To this end, the County will seek grant programs from the
Economic Development Administration of the U.S. Department of
Commerce or from state economic development programs from the
N.C. Department of Commerce.
7. Channel Maintenance, Intercoastal Waterway and Beach
Nourishment
Bertie County does not have any activity in these areas;
therefore, there are no policies.
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8. Energy Facilities and Inner and Outer Continental Shelf Exploration
No such facilities or activities occur in Bertie County.
However, as energy demands grow, if such a facility were to locate
in the County it would have a positive impact on the tax base and
would create jobs. Such a facility could also provide negative
environmental results; therefore, the County policy is that energy
facilities within the County will be supported if they are
environmentally acceptable by the County Commissioners.
Oil or gas exploration is not anticipated for Bertie County.
Policies on projects as these will be developed as needed.
9. Tourism
' Tourism, and especially ecotourism, is a major focus for Bertie
County. Inasmuch as the County's natural features are its greatest
t attributes, ecotourism is a most promising activity and one of the
greatest economic development tools available.
Bertie County also has over 300 years of history to draw upon
and is home to many beautiful historic homes and to two Indian
tribes, the Tuscarora and the Meherrin.
Among the historic homes, Hope Plantation (c.1803) was the
home of David Stone, one of North Carolina's governors and
outstanding political figures. Today, Hope houses Stone's extensive
library and a collection of 18t' and early 19'J' century furnishings.
The Plantation also is home to a variety of early north Carolina
structures that are representative of rural Bertie County. These
include the King -Bazemore House (c.1763), the Samuel Cox House
(c.1803) and a barn (date unknown). An educational center on site
is used frequently for classes, conferences and special activities such
as craft shows. Figure 18 includes the 19 sites/houses that are on
the North Carolina National Register as of May 31, 1999.
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II
' North Carolina National Register
as of May 31, 1999
' Bertie County
Figure 17
1 SiteBuildina Date of Registry
' Bertie County Courthouse (Windsor) 05/10/79
Elmwood (Watson-Mardre House) (Windsor area) 06/08/82
'
Freeman Hotel (Windsor)
09/09/82
Garrett -White House (Trap area)
06/28/82
The Hermitage (Merry Hill area)
06/08/82
'
Hope Plantation (Windsor area)
04/17/70
Jordan House (Windsor area)
08/26/71
'
King -Bazemore House (Windsor area)
08/26/71
King-Freeman-Speight House (Republican area)
12/02/82
Liberty Hall (Grabtown area)
06/08/82
'
Oaklana (Roxobel area)
04/15/82
Pineview (Browne House) (Roxobel area)
06/28/82
Rhodes Site (Archaeological site near Hamilton)
08/28/86
Rosefield (Windsor)
08/26/82
Scotch Hall (Merry Hill area)
04/29/82
'
St. Frances Methodist Church (Lewiston)
04/29/82
Windsor Historic Dictrict (Windsor)
07/29/91
Woodbourne (Roxobel area)
08/26/71
Woodville Historic District (Lewiston -Woodville)
08/28/98
7
U
L
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' The native Americans come from the Tuscarora or Meherrin
Tribes. The Tuscarorans currently are seeking State and Federal
' recognition. They have a museum/store in Windsor and hold Pow -
Wows annually. The Meherrin have their State recognition but are
still seeking Federal recognition. They are purchasing land in
' Hertford County where they have located their office/store, Indian
Village, and where they hold Pow -Wows.
Although the current number of tourist attractions is small, the
potential is great and, in fact, is developing at this time. The
Roanoke-Cashie Rivers Center is open. It is operated by the
Partnership For The Sounds. Windsor also has constructed a nature
walk through the swamp to the river, and has a zoo.
The County supports these and other such projects so long as
they are environmentally sensitive to changes in land use.
10. Public Water Access
Bertie County is concerned with river access. Currently such
access points are available in the Town of Windsor, at Sans Souci,
and at Johnson Mill. The County would like to see other such sites
made available to the public and will consider utilizing CAMA's
waterfront access grants to assist in the purchase of such sites.
There are no beach access sites, and the County has set no policy
concern on this issue.
' The Roanoke River Partners is currently providing platforms for
canoe trails and the County is investigating alternative means of
travel within the estuarine system. One such alternative may be an
' environmental wetlands educational passenger system. This would
be an overhead cable operated system.
D. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
' Participation by Bertie County citizens in the update of the 1998 plan
was encouraged from the beginning of the process. The Citizen
' Participation Plan attempted to activate as many citizens as possible. The
Bertie County Economic Development and Planning Commission
(BCEDPC) took the lead in revising the land use plan.
77
1

Beginning in October 1997 and continuing through September 1998,
each monthly meeting of the BCEDPC included an agenda item on the
land use plan update. Additional meetings were to be held as needed. All
meetings were held at the Carolina House Restaurant in Windsor and were
open to the public.
An article was placed in the `Bertie Citizens Newsletter", a publication
prepared by the County of Bertie for all the citizens. The article was
meant to inform and educate the citizens about the land use plan update
process and to encourage their participation.
. Three public input meetings were held in January 1998. One was held
in the Windsor Town Hall, another in the Aulander Recreation Center, and
a third in the Colerain Town Hall. Participation was not good; however,
some comments were offered. It appears that the lack of significant issues
has resulted in poor public participation.
Approximately 100 surveys were also distributed with poor results. Of
the 20 or so who responded, the following priority list of concerns follows:
County sewer system
Type and location of industry
Appearance of private property
Tourism
Solid waste disposal
Impact of residential, commercial, and industrial development on
Resources
Improvement in County services
Historic preservation
Local commitment in providing services for industry
Redevelopment of developed areas
River access
Public participation in land use planning
Flood control
Oil exploration
Type of urban growth patterns
Density of development
Assistance to channel maintenance projects
Commitment to State and Federal programs
Electric generating plant siting
78

Limitations on off -road vehicles
Peat or phosphate mining impact on resources
County water system
E. STORM HAZARD MITIGATION, POST DIASTER RECOVERY AND
EVACUATION PLANS
1. Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan
This section speaks mainly to the effects of coastal storms, i.e.
high winds, storm surge, wave action, flooding and erosion, on the
County. In that Bertie County is located about 60 miles west of the
coast, most of these actions will be minimized. To be sure, a
hurricane can be as devastating in Bertie County as along the coast,
depending on the location of the "eye". However, most other effects
from storms will be lessened. Bertie County has experienced
tornadoes and tornado type wind storms; however, these are very
infrequent. Earthquake activity is non-existent.
a. Identification of Hazard Areas
Bertie County -has two major hazard areas: 1) the Chowan
River shoreline and wetlands, and 2), the Roanoke River
floodplain and wetlands. Each of these areas are identified on
Map 2. Other hazard areas of lesser extent are: 1) the Cashie
River floodplain, 2) Black Walnut Swamp and wetlands, 3)
Salmon Creek Swamp and wetlands, and 4) Roquist Creek and
Pocosin. These areas are integrated into the two major hazard
areas listed above. Most are located nearby or drain into the
major hazard areas.
Identification of these areas has involved three major
sources: 1) the County soil survey, 2) the US Geological Survey
topographic maps of the area and 3) the flood insurance study.
Specification of the exact location of the hazard areas is difficult
in this study. Because of map scale, the boundaries are too
general to specifically delineate between hazard and non -hazard
areas. A boundary as such requires large scale maps commonly
used in a flood insurance study which is currently in use in the
79

11
County. However, for land use planning purposes, the location of
boundaries at this scale is adequate.
b. Risk of Damage in Hazard Areas
The level of damage to life and property in the hazard
areas of Bertie County is considered relatively small as indicated
in Figure 9. There are several clusters of development along the
Chowan River that are vulnerable to storms brought about by
high winds, flooding, and wave action. At the Colerain Landing,
waterfront development includes a petroleum storage facility, a
fish processing plant, a restaurant and a recreation area. The
remaining clusters are primarily residential development with
eight clusters between Bull Pond Point and Edenhouse Point, and
five clusters from Edenhouse Point to Terrapin Point. Most of
these residential clusters are situated above the SLOSH level
(Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes). However,
approximately fifteen dwellings are situated within the SLOSH
zone, and an additional forty dwellings are located very close to
the SLOSH zone. Other structures can be considered to be
outside of storm waves and flooding. However, these structures
can suffer from wind damage, falling trees, and flying debris.
While the Roanoke River has controlled flow because of
several dams upstream of Bertie County, inundation can occur
both naturally as well as being man induced. On the upper
Roanoke River, the dwellings and roads are located above the
twenty -foot contour, while trails and unimproved roads are
usually more than fifteen feet. On the lower Roanoke River the
dwellings and roads are located above the fifteen -foot contour,
except at Cashoke Landing where a dwelling is located at
approximately ten feet. Inundation from stormtides can exceed
this level, but not often enough to warrant major concern.
On Roquist-Creek near US 17, a dwelling is located very
close to the floodable area and could receive floodwaters. On the
Cashie River there are two areas of concern: one is at the Sans
Souci ferry site where one dwelling is less than five feet above
normal river level and another is less than ten feet over normal
river level. At Windsor the central business district, sewage
80

treatment plant, and a number of dwellings can be considered
vulnerable to floodwaters. The occasional forcing of water
upstream by high winds into the Windsor area and associated
storm rainfall can create a vulnerable condition on the low lying
land.
It is likely that damage to public and private utilities will
occur from high winds. Additionally, it is likely that several
roads at low lying bridges may be flooded during the storm
period and immediately thereafter. Of particular concern are the
US 17 bridges over Salmon Creek and Edenhouse Creek.
Severity of Risk in Hazard Areas
Figure 18
WAVE
SEVERITY EROSION/ ACTION FLOODING
HAZARD AREA RANK SCOUR BATTERING WINDS HH
Estuarine Shoreline AEC
1 • • '
V-Zone Flood Zone
2 e '
Wetland AEC
2 - -
A -Zone Flood Zone
3 —
B-Zone Flood Zone
3 -
Remainder of County
4 -
Risk Levels: High ( • ); Moderate (- ); Low ()
c. Estimated Severity of Possible Hazard Damage
Although the County has not been hit by recent hurricanes, we
have been witness to recent damage along the Chowan River
brought about by the waning energy of some nearby hurricanes.
With the full force of hurricane winds or a prolonged Nor'eastern,
the potential for damage exists for all frontage property along the
Chowan River with other hazard areas being flooded. There are no
less than fifty residential and commercial structures which are
vulnerable to storm hazard damage. According to the County Tax
Office, the replacement value of these structures could be as high
as $6 million. The severity of risk can be seen in Figure 17.
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Id. Anticipated Development in Hazard Areas
' The people of Bertie County have been wise in their use of
land through the years. Most development has occurred on the
high ground except for a few instances. The waterfront
' development at Colerain is understandable since the land uses are
river oriented. Other development is oriented toward residential
uses.
With the increasing interest of the population within the
' County, as well as outside the County, there will be a demand for
intensifying water oriented land uses. While Bertie County is not
in the mainstream of coastal development, it should be anticipated
that development in and near hazard areas will occur.
Ie. Hazard Mitigation Policies
The following policies have been set by the County:
1) To prepare a Bertie County Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance. This ordinance should be designed to meet
the National Flood Insurance Program. The ordinance
should also be designed to minimize flood damage by
referring to accepted practices and methods that would
set forth uniform rules for developers. It should require
that all existing structures must comply with
requirements related to the 100-year flood elevation.
These requirements should state that if any repair,
reconstruction, or improvement of a structure is equal to
or exceeds sixty-five percent of the market value, the
improvement or repair must follow the building code
regulations.
2) To prepare a Bertie County Area Redevelopment Plan.
This plan is related to the Building Code and Flood
Damage Prevention Ordinance. The policy is to indicate
that reconstruction after a storm be subject to the
regulations of the building code, which states that any
building damaged in excess of sixty-five percent of its
82

value will conform with the code requirements for new
buildings when repaired.
' 3) To support the existing building code, this land use plan
update, and the County Disaster Relief and Assistance
' Plan.
' Experience has not supported a need for discouraging
development or pursing the public acquisition of land in hazardous
areas at this time.
2. Post Disaster Reconstruction Plan
Post disaster reconstruction policies will serve as a guide to
assure that rebuilding activities, following a disaster, will protect
coastal structures from future damage.
a. Bertie County Emergency Plan
The County adopted the Bertie County Disaster Relief and
Assistance Plan in 1983. The Plan addresses all aspects of a
disaster and directly relates, in part, to post disaster
reconstruction activities both in the short term and long term. It
is the policy of the County to enforce the Plan when disaster
occurs.
b. Reconstruction Over a Long Period of Time
The County Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan sets up
procedures for reconstruction immediately after a disaster and
continues with reconstruction activity guidelines over a long
period of time as well. County policy mandates that the Disaster
Relief and Assistance Plan be followed. CAMA permitting
regulations will also guide reconstruction activities, and County
policy supports CAMA regulations.
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1) Establishment of a Recovery Task Force
The County policy is to have the Emergency
Management Damage Assessment Team serve also as the
Recovery Task Force. While the Damage Assessment Team
will function immediately after a disaster to determine the
nature and severity of damage, it is felt that these same
individuals are in the best position, and have the best
capabilities, to direct the recovery activities over a long
period of time. This task force consists of the County
Commissioner Chairman, County Manager, County Finance
Director, Emergency Management Coordinator, Health
Department Director, Social Services Director, Mental
Health Director, Building Inspector, and the Tax Appraiser.
The responsibilities of the task force will be:
a)
Establishing an overall restoration schedule.
'
b)
Setting restoration priorities, in advance, by
definition.
c)
Determining requirements for outside assistance
and requesting such assistance when beyond local
capabilities.
d)
Keeping the appropriate State officials informed
using situation and damage reports.
e)
Keeping the public informed.
f)
Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken
and expenditures and obligations incurred.
g)
Undertaking repair and restoration of essential public
facilities and services in accordance with priorities
developed through the situation evaluations.
rh)
Assisting private businesses and individual property
owners in obtaining information on the various types
'
of assistance that might be available from federal and
state agencies, in understanding the various assistance
programs, and applying for such assistance.
I
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d. Establishment of a Schedule for Staging and Permitting Repairs
The County policy is to have the Recovery Task Force
determine a schedule for repair activities as follows:
1) Building permits to restore structures located outside of
designated AEC areas that were previously built in
conformance with local codes, standards and the provisions
of the North Carolina Building code shall be issued
automatically.
2) All structures suffering major damages as defined in the
County's Damage Assessment Plan shall be repaired or
rebuilt to conform with the provisions of the North Carolina
Building Code and other related ordinances.
3) All structures suffering minor damage as defined in the
Bertie County Damage Assessment Plan shall be permitted to
be rebuilt to their original state before the storm condition,
provided non -conforming use regulations are met.
4) For all structures in designated AECs and for all mobile
home locations, a determination shall be made for each AEC
as to whether the provisions of the North Carolina Building
Code, the state regulations for Areas of Environmental
Concern, or other ordinances appear adequate in minimizing
storm damages. For areas where the construction and use
requirements appear adequate, permits shall be issued in
accordance with permitting policies above. For AECs, where
the construction and use requirements do not appear to have
been adequate in mitigating damages, a Temporary
Development Moratorium for all structures located within
that specific AEC shall be imposed.
5) All individual mobile homes located in mobile home parks
sustaining some damage to at least 50 percent of their mobile
homes in the park shall be required to conform to current
ordinances.
6) Permits shall not be issued in areas subject to a Temporary
' Development Moratorium until such a moratorium is lifted
by the Bertie County Board of Commissioners.
1
� 85

e. Establishment of Policies for Repair and/or Replacement of Public
Infrastructure
The County policy related to the repair and/or replacement of
public infrastructure is set forth below:
1) All damaged water and sewer systems (both public and
private) shall be repaired so as to be elevated above the
100-year floodplain or shall be floodproofed, with the
methods employed and the construction being certified by a
registered professional engineer.
2) All damaged roads used as major evacuation routes in flood
hazard areas shall be repaired so as to be elevated at least
one foot above the 100-year floodplain evacuation.
3) All local roads that have to be completely rebuilt shall be
elevated so as to be above the 100-year floodplain
elevation.
3. Evacuation Plan
a. The County Evacuation Plan lists, as the primary purpose, the
directing and moving of evacuees through the County westward
to higher ground. Evacuation traffic control points have been
designated at three locations:
1) Intersection of Routes 17 and 45 at Midway,
2) On Route 17 where it crosses the Cashie River in
Windsor, and
3) Intersection of Routes 13 and 17 in Windsor.
Emergency shelters have been set up in five designated
schools:
School Location Capacity
Southwestern Middle
West Bertie Elementary
Colerain Elementary
South Aulander Elementary
J. P. Law Elementary
Windsor
850
Kelford
600
Colerain
450
Aulander
450
Merry Hill
250
86

� I
Ib. Evacuation Policies
' It is the policy of the County to route evacuees through the
County to higher ground as quickly and safely as possible. It is
also County policy to provide adequate shelters for County
' residents living in high risk areas. It is County policy to notify
all County citizens of impending danger related to hurricanes
' and flooding activities.
� I
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it
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t

IX. LAND CLASSIFICATION
In accordance with CAMA regulations, a "land classification system has
been devised as a means of assisting in the implementation of the local
policies..." With this classification system delineated on a Map 4, Bertie
County can specify the areas where certain policies will apply.
The land classification system, to be most effective, would work in concert
with the County's land use control ordinances. Inasmuch as the County does
not have zoning or subdivision regulations, the classification system is
weakened. In order for the County to assure their control over future
development, and to protect the citizens from undesirable development, it
may be timely to consider such management growth tools.
The CAMA guidelines include seven land use classifications for use on the
land use map: Developed, Urban Transition, Limited Transition, Community,
Rural, Rural with Services, and Conservation. The definitions for each class
reflect the suggested level of development. All of the land use classifications
are used in the Bertie County (Map 4). Described below will be the
description of each classification, how the policies relate to each class, the
type of land use in each class, and the location of each class.
A. DEVELOPED
The Developed class of land use provides for continued intensive
development and redevelopment of existing cities or municipalities. Areas
to be classified as "developed" include land currently developed for urban
purposes or approaching a density of 500 dwellings per square mile that
are provided with usual municipal or public services, police and fire
protection. In other words, such areas must currently be "urban" in
character, i.e., have mixed land uses such as residential, commercial,
industrial and institutional, or other uses at high to medium densities. The
exceptions in this class includes the towns of Colerain, Kelford,
Powellsville and Windsor. Each of these towns has adopted their own
CAMA Land Use Plan; therefore, the County has no involvement in these
lands.
88

The developed areas in the land use plan correspond to the existing
urban areas. Most of the areas presently have land available for
development. However, past growth rates show little promise for
substantial urbanization. Still, these developed areas have the more
desirable land for commerce and industry. Most of the developed areas
have the urban services needed for growth. But, these communities must
plan to solidify their infrastructures and to fill in the available
undeveloped land. This is particularly the case within Windsor, and to a
lesser extent, other communities.
B. URBAN TRANSITION
' The Urban Transition classification gives counties the opportunity to
designate areas that are likely to experience urban -type growth in the
next five to ten years. These areas normally are adjacent to areas
' classified developed and in the next land use plan may be classified
developed. The land assigned the urban transition classification is
' suitable for intensive development, and can support spillover from the
developed class. Urban transition land must be served, or readily served,
by public water, sewer, and other urban services including public streets.
' Also, the urban transition lands should be generally free of severe
physical limitations for urban development.
The urban transition class should not include:
• land of high potential for water supply watersheds,
tourist resources, agriculture, forestry, or mineral
extraction, or land falling within extensive rural areas
being managed commercially for these uses, when
other lands are available;
• land where urban development might result in major
or irreversible damage to important environmental,
scientific, or scenic values;
• land where urban development might result in damage
to natural systems or processes of more than local
concern;
• land where development will result in undue risk to
life or property from natural hazards or existing land
uses;
89

n
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• areas subject to frequent flooding; and
• habitat for important wildlife species.
The urban transition areas in the land use plan border the developed
area. These areas have land available for development. The urban
transition areas must be planned now for the necessary services to be in
place as development occurs. This includes water, sewer, police and fire
protection, and other components of the urban infrastructure. The
northern communities, because of their proximity to Ahoskie, can be
expected to experience some spillover growth. The transition areas near
Aulander and Powellville are expected to be sufficient to handle
increased urban growth. Growth is also expected in the Colerain and
Midway areas due to their proximity to the Chowan River. Other urban
transition areas occur southeast of Windsor and south of Lewiston -
Woodville. An urban transition area located along US 17 between the
Roanoke River and Roquist Creek floodplains is considered a prime
location for commercial and residential development. This is due to its
proximity to Williamston and the recreational opportunities associated
with the nearby natural habitats.
C. LIMITED TRANSITION
The Limited Transition classification is very similar to the Urban
Transition classification in permitted uses. The primary difference is in
location. "The urban transition classification is tied to existin developed
or community areas. The limited transition class is set aside for potential
areas of intensive development. The land in this class may be
geographically remote from existing towns.
Bertie County officials would like for land in the limited transition
class to experience increased development during the next ten years.
Community water and sewer, along with paved streets should be
required to support cluster -type development. The predominant land use
in this area should be residential at a density of three units per acre or
less. Soil types and physical characteristics may affect the density of
individual projects.
The limited transition classification will be designated along the
Chowan River shoreline between Colerain and Morgan Swamp. All of
the proposed Blackrock development will be in this classification. The
all

area will extend for a distance of approximately one-half mile from the
shoreline. Areas classified Conservation as a result of being an AEC or
within the 100-year floodplain should not be classified limited transition.
D. COMMUNITY
The Community classification provides for clustered land uses to meet
the housing, shopping, employment, and public service needs within the
rural areas of the County. It is usually characterized by a small grouping
of mixed land uses which are suitable and appropriate for small clusters
of rural development not requiring municipal sewer service.
Areas in Bertie County such as Trap, Midway, Merry Hill, scattered
sites along Indian Woods Road, Perrytown, Wakelon, Hexlena,
Connarista, White's Crossroads, and Republican are typical of areas in
the community classification. These communities provide services for
the surrounding Rural classification. These areas will likely remain much
the same over the next five years.
E. RURAL
The Rural class provides for agriculture, forestry, mineral extraction,
and other allied uses traditionally associated with an agrarian region.
Other land uses, due to their noxious or hazardous nature and negative
impacts on adjacent uses may also be appropriate within this class if
sited properly. Such uses may include, but not be limited to, energy
generating plants, refining plants, airports, sewage treatment facilities,
fuel storage tanks and other industrial type uses. These are lands
identified as appropriate locations for resource management and allied
uses; land with high potential for agriculture, forestry, or mineral
extraction; lands with one or more limitations that would make
development costly and hazardous; and lands containing irreplaceable,
limited, or significant natural, recreational, or scenic resources not
otherwise classified.
The rural classification areas in Bertie County correspond to existing
rural land uses which are usually located between the poorly drained
areas. Much of the County is in this category. This area contains much
of the land classified prime farmland or woodland. The retention of
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7
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large tracts is important for economical farming and forestry practices
and should be protected.
F. RURAL WITH SERVICES
Rural with Services classification is set aside for areas of Bertie
County that are within the four planned water districts. The planned
water systems are being funded by bonds provided by the U.S. Dept. of
Agricultural/Rural Development. The systems are designed to avert
potential health problems caused by contaminated wells. Capacity will
support existing development and limited growth.
An area two hundred feet wide along both sides of each County road
within the four water districts is classified Rural with Services. Areas
previously classified Developed, Urban Transition, Limited Transition,
or Community are not affected by this classification.
G. CONSERVATION
The final land use category, according to CAMA guidelines, is the
'
Conservation class. This class provides for effective long-term
management of significant, limited, or irreplaceable resources, and
'
includes all of the statutorily defined AECs. However, beyond the
presence of AECs, other areas within the County, because of natural,
cultural, recreational, productive or scenic value, may also require
similar "effective long-term management." Examples could include
major wetlands (other than statutorily defined coastal wetlands);
'
essentially undeveloped shorelines that are unique, fragile or hazardous
for development; lands that provide necessary habitat conditions
(especially for remnant species); pocosins; or publicly -owned water
'
supply watersheds and aquifers.
' The designation "Conservation" should not be misconstrued to imply
" non-use," but does imply a need for careful and cautious management
of any allowable use. Within a conservation area, there may be high
' ground areas which are suitable for development, in which case
development may be allowed to take place. However, within land
designated conservation, the only regulatory agencies that have control
would be State agencies, such as the Division of Coastal Management,
92

the Division of Water Quality, the Division of Land Resources, and the
Department of Health.
Examples of permitted uses in the Conservation classification
include:
• Drainage: adequate drainage is essential to the economic
'
vitality of Bertie County; therefore, drainage facilities
over and through these areas, but not with the intent of
draining the conservation areas, will be allowed. Such
facilities may include diking, tiling, and piping
systems.
• Low density residential development if and as approved
by the County Health Department and local, State, and
'
Federal regulations. However, water and/or sewer
services will not be extended to such a residential area
merely to stimulate additional growth and development
and development. On -site sewer services will be
required and must be feasible. Site plans should be
reviewed to insure that, at a minimum, regulations on
'
impervious materials are met.
• Water -oriented uses such as piers, docks, and marinas, if
'
they are shown not to cause detriment to the estuarine
waters or the conservation lands.
'
• Necessary utility service lines, such as water, sewer,
electrical, natural gas, etc., may be transmitted through
areas classed as conservation. These lines would have a
'
destination outside of areas classed conservation and
would serve only areas outside the conservation class
and would not act as a stimulus to development within
the conservation class. These transmission lines shall
not violate the environmental integrity of the
conservation class, and if permitted, must meet all
applicable Federal, State, and local regulations.
• Roadways, when construction of roadways can be
'
conducted without significantly altering the ecological
system, and in compliance with existing Federal, State,
'
and local regulations.
1
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• Timber harvesting and farming, provided natural
drainage patterns are not changed.
The conservation classification includes the 100-year flood boundary
as defined by the Federal Flood Insurance Program, Public Trust Waters,
Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines. As noted on the Land
Classification Map, conservation areas are shown for general use only
and final determination of location shall be made by the responsible
Federal, State, or local agency having regulatory authority. Such
determination shall be made based on a field investigation of any area in
question. The land would fall under the rural classification or the limited
transition classification if the field investigation shows that it should not
be in conservation.

X. INTERGOVERNMENTAL
COORDINATION
AND IMPLEMENTATION
The land use plan is a tool for coordinating numerous policies,
standards, regulations, and other governmental activities. The plan, through
its policies and land classifications, provides the framework for budgeting,
planning, and the provision and expansion of community facilities such as
water, sewer, school, and road systems. It is the principal policy guide for
governmental decisions and activities which affect land use in the Bertie
County. The implementation of policies in the land use plan requires
coordination between the local government and the state and federal
governments. Enforcement of the policies and goals requires a consistency
with the higher levels of government. The formation of a policy without
means of enforcement defeats the intention of the land use plan update.
Bertie County has worked to ensure compatibility between the Bertie
County Land Use Plan and the municipal Land Use Plans. There appeared
to be no inconsistencies among the policies in each plan. A good working
relationship exists between the Towns and Bertie County. During its
developmental period, the plan was continuously evaluated for its
consistencies between state and federal regulation.
Bertie County intends to foster intergovernmental coordination by
working with state and federal agencies to implement policies to improve
water quality, as well as carry out goals for the agriculture and commercial
fishing industries. In addition, Bertie County will work with the North
Carolina Department of Cultural Resources in protecting and enhancing its
heritage. Coordination between the Division of Coastal Management and
US Army Corps of Engineers will be maintained in the permitting process
for development in areas classified as wetlands. All additional efforts will
be made to promote cooperation between the state, federal, county, and
local governments.
Bertie County will exchange a copy of their certified plan with all
municipalities within the County, and with adjacent counties.
95

Listed below are Federal and State agencies with the licenses and
permits for which they are responsible:
FEDERAL DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
AGENCY LICENSES AND PERMITS
Army Corps of Engineers Permits required under Sections 9 and 10 of
(Dept. of Defense) the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899; permits
to construct in navigable waters.
Permits required under Sectionl03 of the
Marine Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
Permits required under Section 404 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of
1972; permits to undertake dredging and/or
filling activities.
Coast Guard Permits for bridges, causeways, pipelines
(Dept. of Transportation) over navigable waters; required under the
General Bridge Act of 1946 and the Rivers
and Harbors Act of 1899.
Geological Survey Permits required for off -shore drilling.
Bureau of Land Management Approvals of OCS pipeline corridor rights -
(Dept. of Interior) of -way.
Nuclear Regulatory Licenses for siting, construction and
(Dept. of Energy) operation of nuclear power plants; required
under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and
Title II of the Energy Reorganization Act of
1974.
M.

STATE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
AGENCY
Federal Energy Commission
(Dept. of Energy)
Dept. of Environment and Natural
Resources
Division of Water Quality
LICENSES AND PERNIITS
Permits for construction, operation and
maintenance of interstate pipeline facilities
required under the Natural Gas Act of 193 8.
Orders of Interconnection of electric
transmission facilities under Section 202(b)
of the Federal Power Act.
Permission required for abandonment of
natural gas pipeline and associated facilities
under Section 7C(b) of the Natural Gas Act
of 1938.
Permits to discharge to surface waters or oil
discharge permits; NPDES Permits (G.S.
143-215).
Permits for septic tanks that serve industrial
process water flow or are community
owned. Such systems owned by the State or
Federal government are under the
jurisdiction of the Health Department, (G. S.
143-215.108).
Permits for air pollution abatement facilities
and sources (G.S. 143-215.108)
Permits for construction of complex
sources: e.g., parking lots, subdivisions,
stadiums, etc. (G.S. 143-215.109).
Permits for construction of a well over
100,000 gaWday (G.S. 87-88).
97

STATE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
AGENCY LICENSES AND PERMITS
Division of Coastal Management Permits to dredge and/or fill in estuarine
waters tidelands, etc. (G.S. 87-88).
Permits to undertake development in Areas
of Environmental Concern (G.S. 113A-
118).
NOTE: Minor development permits are
issued by local government.
Division of Land Resources Permits to alter or construct a dam (G.S.
143-215.66).
Permits to mine (G. S. 74-51).
Permits to drill an exploratory oil or gas
well (G.S. 113-391).
Sedimentation erosion control plans for any
land -disturbing activity of over one
contiguous acre (G.S. 113A-54).
Permits to conduct geographic exploration
(G.S. 113-391).
Permits to construct an oil refinery.
Dept. of Administration Easements to fill where lands are proposed
to be raised above the normal high water
mark of navigable waters by filling (G.S.
146.6(c)).
Dept. of Human Resources Approval to operate a solid waste disposal
site or facility (G.S. 130).
Approval for construction of any public
water facility that furnishes water to ten or
more residences (G.S. 130-160.1).
Permits for septic tank systems of 3,000 gpd
or less capacity (G.S. 130-160).
W.

XI. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
A. EFFORTS FOR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
From the very beginning of this Land Use Plan Update, it was
the intention of the Economic Development and Planning Commission
to involve the public throughout the process. The Citizen Participation
Plan spells out the methodology for such involvement (Appendix A).
Meetings are held in Windsor on the third Thursday of each
month. The agenda always includes time for the update process.
Citizens are welcome to attend and participate in the discussions.
Meetings have been held on October 16, 1997; November 20;
December 18; January 15, 1998; February 19; March 19; April 30; May
28; July 16; September 17; and September 28, 1998.
Three public meetings were also held in locations throughout the
County. These meetings were held to allow for as much input as the
citizens wished to make. The meetings were held in the Windsor Town
Hall on January 6, 1998; in the Aulander Ruritan Hall on January 13,
1998; and in the Colerain Town Hall on January 20, 1998.
Unfortunately, attendance was not good, although the meetings were
advertised in the local newspaper, and the weather was very good.
The County publishes a `Bertie Citizens Newsletter" from time to
time. In the latest issue published and mailed (10,600 copies), a
lengthy article was included. The article notified the citizens that the
Land Use Plan was being updated, and encouraged the citizens to take
an active part in the process. This newsletter was mailed to all families
and businesses throughout the County. A copy of the article is attached
as Appendix B.
0

APPENDIX A
CITIZENS PARTICIPATION PLAN
After hearing from the County Economic Developer on September
' 15, 1997, regarding public participation plans, the Bertie County Board
of County Commissioners desires to update their Land Use Plan of
' 1990 in accordance with the Guidelines set forth in the North Carolina
Administrative Code, Subchapter 7B, Sections .0100 through .0216.
' The Bertie County Economic Development and Planning
Commission (BCEDPC) is designated as the principal agency to lead
' the update process. The Mid -East Commission is contracted with to
assist the BCEDPC. Together, this plan was adopted on November 20,
1997 to assure public involvement.
In order to notify the citizenry and encourage their participation.
The following actions will be taken:
1.
Notify citizens of monthly meetings of the BCEDPC and invite
them to participate.
2.
Schedule three meetings throughout the County for the purpose of
'
gaining public input. Meetings to be held January 6, 13, and 20,
1998.
'
3.
Place an article in the `Bertie Citizens Newsletter" informing
citizens of the update process and ways they can participate.
4.
Assure notification via articles/announcements in the local
newspaper.
5.
Assure that the Board of County Commissioners is informed of the
progress by having one of them sitting on the BCEDPC.
d
100

APPENDIX B
Be to _ Count --`59 LAM Use Plan' Vd—a-te
Bertie County is involved in updat-
ing the County's Land Use Plan in ac-
cordance with state regulations set-up
under the Coastal Area Management
Act(CAINIA). The North Carolina Divi-
sion of Coastal Management and the
Mid -East Commission are assisting the
County's Office of Economic Develop-
ment with this initiative. The plan must
be updated every five years.
The Land Use Plan will be formu-
lated to guide development, which will
hopefully attract businesses and citizens
to the growing County, as well as the
protection of our valuable greenways,
rivers and open space.
The Bertie County Land Use Plan-
ning Committee is currently examining
the existing plan. A Citizen Participa-
tion Plan has been approved by the
Committee and citizens will soon be
receiving information on how they can
be a part of the planning process. Citi-
zen input will be a major portion of the
planning process and will be encour-
aged at local meetings throughout the
County. A survey will be mailed to citi-
zens. A designated time at each meet-
ing will be set for citizen comment. The
Land Use Plan will be used by planners
to assist citizens, the business commu-
nity and others who wish to make in-
vestments in the future of our County.
The Land Use map is a tool for deter-
mining the
Iong-range use of property and the adja-
cent land uses. It serves as a principle
guide in the decision making processes for
achieving orderly growth
Some of the previous goals were,
protecting watershed areas, preserving
open space and sensitive natural areas,
protect greenways, preserve floodways
andregulate floodplain development, pre-
serve historic districts and neighborhoods.
In the Plan other land characteristics
are determined that stimulant develop-
ment such as; location of available water
and sewer, vacant land that is devel-
opable, existing transportation system and
scheduled transportation improvements.
As you can see, the plan will address
issues of concern for the future develop-
ment of the County. Policies will be rec-
ommended to the County Commissioners
for final adoption. A public hearing will
be held prior to adoption of the plan and
citizens will again have an opportunity
for input.
Current members of the Land Use Plan
Committee are; Chairman Bob Spivey,
Norman Cherry, Joe Jernigan, Sr., Com-
missioner Elbert Ray Bryant, Hattie Out-
law, Buneva Everette, Norman Mebane,
Nancy Spruill, Wood Beasley III, Bob
Paciocco Executive Director of the Mid -
East Commission and Secretary Tim Ivey.
For more information call Tim Ivey in the
Berne County Economic Development
Office at 794-5301.
Be e ®
Webb Pace
The Bertie County Economic Devel-
opment Office has been working to
develop an Internet Web Page. Histori-
cally, two of the challenges in setting -up
a County web page have been the lack
of funding and security There are inex-
pensive ways of developing a web page,
however the risk out weight the benefits
of this approach.
The Bertie-Hertford Data Center and
the Economic Development Office ex-
amined many web page proposals. A
professionally created Web Page,
housed outside the County's computer
system, would offer the greatest possi-
bility of security.
Bertie County has been awarded a
grant from the Northeastern Economic
Development Partnership which allows
Bertie County to acquire a profession-
ally created Web Page.
The first section of the web page will
be for travel and tourism and economic
development.-The.Web.Page will.allow
visitors near and a far to visit our
County and its many assets on the
Internet. For more information on this
subject, call Tim Ivey at 794-5301 in the
Bertie County Economic Development
Office.
Clldr6>e Servcs� Children have` a right to be safe.
Children have a right to be safe.
Adults have the responsibility to ensure
this basic right for all children.
Statewide over the last ten years, the
reports of child abuse and neglect have
doubled.
The County has also experienced an
increase of child abuse and neglect cases.
From July `97 through November `97,
there were 57 reports.
Children are the most vulnerable citi-
zens of our society, which makes them
susceptible to abuse and neglect. The
effects of child abuse and neglect can be
traumatic and long lasting, and in some
cases result in the death of a child,
The NC General Statutes , defines
abuse as any juvenile less then 18 years of
age whose parent, guardian, custodian or
caretaker inflicts or allows to be inflicted
serious physical injury by other than acci-
dental means.
The NC General Statutes further de-
fines neglect as any juvenile who does not
receive proper care, supervision or disci-
pline from the juvenile's parent, guardian
or care taker. Abuse is rarely one physi-
cal attack or one isolated incident_ Often
there is a pattern of behavior that occurs
over a period of time. Reporting sus-
pected child abuse can be the first impor-
tant step in stopping the abuse and pro-
tecting the child from future harm. By
reporting abuse and neglect, you are
helping the family get services and the
help they need. Failing to report sus-
pected cases of child abuse may result in
continuing abuse. Abused children may
carry the trauma associated with the
abuse throughout their entire lives unless
treatment, assistance and support are
provided.
101

Lewi
01
03010107110030 1/ 0301a107130010
030101
ander
030101071
030101
60071
030101
03010107130030
The preparation of this map was financed in part through
a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
MID -EAST Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is adminsitered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
or
Winds
._ f �
i"O of o7��eo
03010107160110
0107130040
Bertie County
1 10 Existing Land Use
1998
Map# 1
2 0 2 4 6 Miles
'�'07161 = Rural Concentrations
Municipalities with a
CAMA Land Use Plan
Urbanized Areas
Agriculture & Forests
Hydrological Units
102

The preparation of this map was financed in part through
a grant provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management
Program, through funds provided by the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972, as amended, which is adminsitered
by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Berti(z..k County
Land Use
Constraints
998
lap # 2
2 0 2 4 6 Miles
Areas of Environmental Concern
100 Year Flood Plain
Hydrological Units
103