AQ_AM_20230628_BP_AnnPln_Final 2023-2024 Volume 2-A Asheville Region_Final

2023-2024 Annual Monitoring Network
Plan for the North Carolina Division of Air
Quality
Volume 2
Site Descriptions by Division of Air Quality Regional Office and
Metropolitan Statistical Area
A. The Asheville Monitoring Region

June 28, 2023

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Table of Contents
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 2
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................. 5
A. The Asheville Monitoring Region ........................................................................................................... 6
(1) The Mountaintop Areas ....................................................................................................................... 6
(2) The Asheville MSA .............................................................................................................................. 16
(3) The Non-MSA Valley Areas................................................................................................................. 29
Appendix A.1 Annual Network Site Review Forms for 2022 .................................................................... 41

List of Figures
Figure A-1. The Asheville monitoring region ................................................................................................ 6
Figure A-2. Location of mountaintop monitoring sites ................................................................................. 7
Figure A-3. Joanna Bald ozone-monitoring site ............................................................................................ 7
Figure A-4. The Joanna Bald site looking north ............................................................................................ 8
Figure A-5. Looking northwest from the Joanna Bald site ............................................................................ 8
Figure A-6. The Joanna Bald site looking west .............................................................................................. 8
Figure A-7. Looking southwest from the Joanna Bald site ............................................................................ 8
Figure A-8. Looking northeast from the Joanna Bald site ............................................................................. 8
Figure A-9. The Joanna Bald site looking east ............................................................................................... 8
Figure A-10. Looking southeast from the Joanna Bald site .......................................................................... 8
Figure A-11. The Joanna Bald site looking south .......................................................................................... 8
Figure A-12. Location of Joanna Bald relative to the floodplain ................................................................... 9
Figure A-13. Frying Pan Mountain ozone and IMPROVE monitoring site, 37-087-0035 ............................ 10
Figure A-14. Looking north from the Frying Pan site .................................................................................. 10
Figure A-15. Looking northwest from the Frying Pan site .......................................................................... 10
Figure A-16. Looking northeast from the Frying Pan site ........................................................................... 10
Figure A-17. Looking east from the Frying Pan site .................................................................................... 10
Figure A-18. Looking west from the Frying Pan site ................................................................................... 11
Figure A-19. Looking southwest from the Frying Pan site .......................................................................... 11
Figure A-20. Looking southeast from the Frying Pan site ........................................................................... 11
Figure A-21. Looking south from the Frying Pan site .................................................................................. 11
Figure A-22 Asheville area monitors in relation to the floodplain ............................................................. 11
Figure A-23. The Purchase Knob seasonal ozone monitoring site .............................................................. 12
Figure A-24. Location of Purchase Knob relative to the floodplain ............................................................ 12
Figure A-25. Looking north from the Purchase Knob site ........................................................................... 13
Figure A-26. Purchase Knob site looking northwest ................................................................................... 13
Figure A-27. Looking west from the Purchase Knob site ............................................................................ 13

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Figure A-28. Purchase Knob site looking northeast .................................................................................... 13
Figure A-29. Looking east from the Purchase Knob site ............................................................................. 13
Figure A-30. Looking southeast from the Purchase Knob site .................................................................... 13
Figure A-31. Purchase Knob site looking southwest ................................................................................... 14
Figure A-32. Looking south from the Purchase Knob site........................................................................... 14
Figure A-33. The Mount Mitchell ozone monitoring site ........................................................................... 14
Figure A-34. Looking north from the Mount Mitchell site .......................................................................... 14
Figure A-35. Looking northeast at the Mount Mitchell shelter .................................................................. 14
Figure A-36. Mount Mitchell site looking northwest .................................................................................. 15
Figure A-37. Looking west from the Mount Mitchell site ........................................................................... 15
Figure A-38. Mount Mitchell looking southwest ........................................................................................ 15
Figure A-39. Mount Mitchell site looking east ............................................................................................ 15
Figure A-40. Looking southeast at the Mount Mitchell shelter ................................................................. 15
Figure A-41. Looking south from the Mount Mitchell site ......................................................................... 15
Figure A-42. Location of the Mount Mitchell site relative to the floodplain .............................................. 15
Figure A-43. Locations of Monitoring Sites in the Asheville MSA ............................................................... 16
Figure A-44. ABAQA Board of Education fine particle monitoring site, 37-021-0024 ................................ 17
Figure A-45. Board of Education site looking north .................................................................................... 17
Figure A-46. Board of Education site looking northwest ............................................................................ 17
Figure A-47. Board of Education site looking west ..................................................................................... 17
Figure A-48. Board of Education site looking northeast ............................................................................. 17
Figure A-49. Board of Education site looking east ...................................................................................... 18
Figure A-50. Board of Education site looking southeast ............................................................................. 18
Figure A-51. Board of Education site looking southwest ............................................................................ 18
Figure A-52. Board of Education site looking south ................................................................................... 18
Figure A-53. Locations of current and proposed monitoring stations at the Board of Education site ....... 19
Figure A-54. The Bent Creek ozone monitoring site, 37-021-0030 ............................................................ 19
Figure A-55. Looking north from the Bent Creek site ................................................................................. 20
Figure A-56. Looking northwest from the Bent Creek site ......................................................................... 20
Figure A-57. Looking west from the Bent Creek site .................................................................................. 20
Figure A-58. Looking southwest from the Bent Creek site ......................................................................... 20
Figure A-59. Looking northeast from the Bent Creek site .......................................................................... 20
Figure A-60. Looking east from the Bent Creek site ................................................................................... 20
Figure A-61. Looking southeast from the Bent Creek site .......................................................................... 20
Figure A-62. Looking south from the Bent Creek site ................................................................................. 20
Figure A-63. AB Tech urban air toxics monitoring site ............................................................................... 21
Figure A-64. Looking north from the AB Tech site ...................................................................................... 21
Figure A-65. Looking northwest from the AB Tech site .............................................................................. 21
Figure A-66. Looking northeast from the AB Tech site ............................................................................... 22
Figure A-67. Looking east from the AB Tech site ........................................................................................ 22
Figure A-68. Looking west from the AB Tech site ....................................................................................... 22
Figure A-69. Looking southwest from the AB Tech site .............................................................................. 22

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Figure A-70. Looking southeast from the AB Tech site ............................................................................... 22
Figure A-71. Looking south from the AB Tech site...................................................................................... 22
Figure A-72. The Waynesville elementary school ozone monitoring site .................................................. 23
Figure A-73. Aerial view of the Waynesville ozone monitoring site (A is the old site location) ................. 24
Figure A-74. Looking north from Waynesville ozone site ........................................................................... 25
Figure A-75. Waynesville ozone site looking northeast .............................................................................. 25
Figure A-76. Waynesville ozone site looking northwest ............................................................................. 25
Figure A-77. Waynesville ozone site looking west ...................................................................................... 25
FigureA-78. Waynesville ozone site looking southwest ............................................................................. 25
Figure A-79. Waynesville ozone site looking east ....................................................................................... 25
Figure A-80. Waynesville ozone site looking southeast ............................................................................. 26
Figure A-81. Waynesville ozone site looking south .................................................................................... 26
Figure A-82. Aerial view showing the location of the Canton DRR monitoring station .............................. 26
Figure A-83. Canton DRR sulfur dioxide monitoring site ............................................................................ 27
Figure A-84. The Canton DRR site looking north ........................................................................................ 27
Figure A-85. The Canton DRR site looking northwest ................................................................................. 27
Figure A-86. The Canton DRR site looking west .......................................................................................... 28
Figure A-87. Looking northeast from the Canton DRR site ......................................................................... 28
Figure A-88. Looking east from Canton DRR site ........................................................................................ 28
Figure A-89. Looking southeast from the Canton DRR site ........................................................................ 28
Figure A-90. Looking southwest from the Canton DRR site ........................................................................ 28
Figure A-91. Looking south from the Canton DRR site ............................................................................... 28
Figure A-92. Monitoring sites in the non-MSA valley areas of the Asheville monitoring region ............... 30
Figure A-93. The Bryson City ozone, particle and meteorological monitoring station, 37-173-0002 ........ 30
Figure A-94. Looking north from the Bryson site ........................................................................................ 31
Figure A-95. The Bryson site looking northwest ......................................................................................... 31
Figure A-96. The Bryson site looking northeast .......................................................................................... 31
Figure A-97. Looking east from the Bryson site .......................................................................................... 31
Figure A-98. Looking west from the Bryson site ......................................................................................... 31
Figure A-99. The Bryson site looking southwest ......................................................................................... 31
Figure A-100. The Bryson site looking southeast ........................................................................................ 32
Figure A-101. Looking south from the Bryson site ..................................................................................... 32
Figure A-102. Relocation of the continuous fine particle monitor at Bryson ............................................. 33
Figure A-103. Linville Falls ozone and IMPROVE monitoring site ............................................................... 35
Figure A-104. Looking north from the Linville site ...................................................................................... 35
Figure A-105. The Linville site looking northwest ....................................................................................... 35
Figure A-106. The Linville site looking northeast ........................................................................................ 35
Figure A-107. Looking east from the Linville site ........................................................................................ 35
Figure A-108. Looking west from the Linville site ....................................................................................... 36
Figure A-109. The Linville site looking southwest ....................................................................................... 36
Figure A-110. The Linville site looking southeast........................................................................................ 36
Figure A-111. Looking south from the Linville site ..................................................................................... 36

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Figure A-112. Eviction notice from the Town of Spruce Pine ..................................................................... 37
Figure A-113. Arial view of city hall and hospital monitoring sites............................................................. 38
Figure A-114. Spruce Pine hospital, 37-121-0004, fine particle monitoring site ........................................ 38
Figure A-115. Spruce Pine hospital site looking north ................................................................................ 39
Figure A-116. Spruce Pine hospital site looking northwest ........................................................................ 39
Figure A-117. Spruce Pine hospital site looking west ................................................................................. 39
Figure A-118. Spruce Pine hospital site looking northeast ......................................................................... 39
Figure A-119. Spruce Pine hospital site looking east .................................................................................. 39
Figure A-120. Spruce Pine hospital site looking southeast ......................................................................... 39
Figure A-121. Spruce Pine hospital site looking southwest ........................................................................ 40
Figure A-122. Spruce Pine hospital site looking south ................................................................................ 40

List of Tables
Table A1. Site Information Table for Joanna Bald......................................................................................... 9
Table A2. Site Information Table for Frying Pan Mountain ........................................................................ 12
Table A3. Site Information Table for Waynesville Elementary School ....................................................... 23
Table A4. Site Information Table for Bryson City ........................................................................................ 33
Table A5. Site Information Table for Linville Falls ....................................................................................... 36

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A. The Asheville Monitoring Region
The Asheville monitoring region, shown in Figure A-1,
consists of four sections: (1) the mountaintop areas, those
areas above 1.2 kilometers (km) or 4,000 feet in elevation
in Avery, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson,
Madison, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania and
Yancey counties; (2) the Asheville metropolitan statistical
area, or MSA, i.e., valley sites below 1.2 km in Buncombe,
Haywood, Henderson and Madison counties; (3) the non-
MSA valley areas, those areas below 1.2 km in elevation in
Avery, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Jackson, Macon,
McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania
and Yancey counties; and (4) the western portion of the
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton MSA, i.e., valley sites in Burke
and Caldwell counties. This section of the monitoring plan
focuses on the first three sections. Monitoring in Burke
and Caldwell is covered in Section C, the Mooresville
Monitoring Region.

Figure A-1. The Asheville monitoring region
The squares show the approximate locations
of the monitoring sites in this region.
(1) The Mountaintop Areas
The mountaintop areas consist of elevations at or above 1.2 km or 4,000 feet in 12 counties in western
North Carolina: Avery, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Madison, Macon, Mitchell, Swain,
Transylvania and Yancey. No metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas (MiSA) are located at these
elevations. The North Carolina Division of Air Quality, or DAQ, currently operates four monitoring sites
and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, or EBCI, operates one monitoring site on mountaintops at
elevations greater than 1.2 km. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, also
operates a Clean Air Status and Trends Network, or CASTNET, site at an elevation of 1.2 km. The Barnett
Knob tribal monitor is discussed further in the EBCI network plan. The Cranberry CASTNET site is
discussed further in the CASTNET network plan.1 One DAQ site is an ozone-monitoring site located on
Joanna Bald Mountain in the Joyce Kilmer National Wilderness Area. In addition to this site, the division
operates two high-elevation sites in Haywood County located in or near Class 1 areas: Frying Pan in the
Shining Rock Wilderness Area and Purchase Knob in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. A fourth
DAQ site is in Mount Mitchell State Park. The locations of the DAQ and the tribal monitors are shown in
Figure A-2. DAQ requested and received a waiver for the start of the monitoring season for the
mountaintop sites because authorities often close the roads going to the sites during February. Thus,
the mountaintop monitors will operate from March 1 or as soon after March 1 as the weather will allow
through Oct. 31. Their official ozone season is listed by the EPA as April 1 through Oct. 31.

1 2022 CASTNET Annual Network Plan, June 15, 2021, available online at
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-07/CASTNET_Annual_Network_Plan_2022_FINAL_post.pdf

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Figure A-2. Location of mountaintop monitoring sites
At the Joanna Bald site in Graham County, DAQ
operates an ozone monitor that belongs to the
United States Department of Agriculture Forest
Service. The relative humidity and air temperature
sensors that were installed in 2005 were shut down
on Oct. 8, 2014. A picture of the site as well as views
looking north, northeast, east, southeast, south,
southwest, west and northwest are provided in
Figure A-4 through Figure A-11. Table A1
summarizes monitoring information for the site. This
monitoring site is in the Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock
Wilderness Area, a Class I area. This monitor is a
rural monitor. The location of the monitor with
regards to the floodplain is shown in Figure A-12.
Figure A-3. Joanna Bald ozone-monitoring site
The Barnett Knob ozone-monitoring site is a
tribal site. The circles around the monitoring
sites show the scale of representation
(regional scale of 50 km plus for all sites).

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Figure A-4. The Joanna Bald site looking north
Figure A-5. Looking northwest from the Joanna Bald
site
Figure A-6. The Joanna Bald site looking west
Figure A-7. Looking southwest from the Joanna
Bald site
Figure A-8. Looking northeast from the Joanna Bald
site
Figure A-9. The Joanna Bald site looking east
Figure A-10. Looking southeast from the Joanna
Bald site
Figure A-11. The Joanna Bald site looking south

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Table A1. Site Information Table for Joanna Bald
Site Name: Joanna Bald AQS Site Identification Number: 37-075-0001
Location: National Forest Road 423 Spur, Robbinsville, North Carolina
CBSA: None CBSA #: 00000
Latitude 35.257930 Longitude -83.795620 Datum: WGS84
Elevation 1436 meters
Parameter
Name Method
Method
Reference ID
Sample
Duration
Sampling
Schedule
Ozone Instrumental with ultraviolet photometry (047) EQOA-0880-047 1-Hour April 1 to Oct. 31
Date Monitor Established: Ozone April 3, 2003
Nearest Road: National Forest Road Traffic Count: < 10 Year of Count: 2020 Estimate
Parameter Name Distance to Road Direction to Road Monitor Type Statement of Purpose
Ozone 3 meters Southeast
Special
purpose
Real-time AQI reporting and
forecasting. Compliance w/NAAQS.
Parameter Name Monitoring Objective Scale
Suitable for Comparison to
NAAQS
Proposal to Move or
Change
Ozone General background Regional Yes None
Parameter Name
Meets Part 58 Requirements for:
Appendix A Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E
Ozone Yes Yes Yes Yes
Parameter Name Probe Height (m) Distance to Support Distance to Trees Obstacles
Ozone 4.4 meters 1.8 meters 10.97 meters to northwest None
Figure A-12. Location of Joanna Bald relative to the floodplain

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At the Frying Pan Mountain monitoring site, 37-
087-0035, DAQ operates a seasonal ozone monitor.
At the end of the 2011 ozone season, a new
monitoring shelter was constructed at the site. A
picture of the site as well as views looking north,
northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west
and northwest are provided in Figure A-13 through
Figure A-21. Table A2 provides information on the
site. This site is in a Class 1 area (the Shining Rock
Wilderness Area) and is collocated with an
Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual
Environments (IMPROVE) monitor. This monitor is a
rural monitor. The location of the monitor with
regards to the floodplain is shown in Figure A-22. Figure A-13. Frying Pan Mountain ozone and IMPROVE
monitoring site, 37-087-0035
Figure A-14. Looking north from the Frying Pan site
Figure A-15. Looking northwest from the Frying Pan
site
Figure A-16. Looking northeast from the Frying Pan site
Figure A-17. Looking east from the Frying Pan site

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Figure A-18. Looking west from the Frying Pan site
Figure A-19. Looking southwest from the Frying Pan
site
Figure A-20. Looking southeast from the Frying Pan site
Figure A-21. Looking south from the Frying Pan site
Figure A-22 Asheville area monitors in relation to the floodplain

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Table A2. Site Information Table for Frying Pan Mountain
Frying Pan Mountain AQS Site Identification Number: 37-087-0035
Tower Blue Ridge Pkwy Mile Marker 410, Canton, North Carolina
CBSA: None CBSA #: 00000
Latitude 35.393719 Longitude -82.774386 Datum: WGS84
Elevation 1617.88 meters
Parameter Name Method Method Reference ID Sample Duration Sampling Schedule
Ozone
Instrumental with
ultraviolet photometry, 047 EQOA-0880-047 1-Hour April 1 to Oct. 31
Date Monitor Established: Ozone May 8, 1990
Nearest Road: Blue Ridge Parkway

Traffic Count: 800

Year of Count: 2021
Parameter Name Distance to Road Direction to Road Monitor Type Statement of Purpose
Ozone 315 meters Southeast
Special
purpose
Compliance w/NAAQS. Real-time
AQI reporting & forecasting.
Parameter Name Monitoring Objective Scale
Suitable for Comparison
to NAAQS Proposal to Move or Change
Ozone General background Regional Yes None
Meets 40 CFR Part 58 Requirements for:
Appendix A Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Parameter Name Probe Height (m) Distance to Support Distance to Trees Obstacles
Ozone 4.5 1.3 meter > 20 meters None

At the Purchase Knob monitoring site, 37-087-
0036, DAQ operates a seasonal ozone monitor.
Figure A-23 shows the site. The location of the
monitor with regards to the floodplain is shown
in Figure A-24. Views looking north, northeast,
east, southeast, south, southwest, west and
northwest are provided in Figure A-25 through
Figure A-32. This site is in a Class 1 area (Great
Smokey Mountains National Park). This monitor is
a rural monitor.
Figure A-23. The Purchase Knob seasonal ozone
monitoring site
Figure A-24. Location of Purchase Knob relative to the floodplain

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Figure A-25. Looking north from the Purchase Knob
site
Figure A-26. Purchase Knob site looking northwest
Figure A-27. Looking west from the Purchase Knob
site
Figure A-28. Purchase Knob site looking northeast
Figure A-29. Looking east from the Purchase Knob
site
Figure A-30. Looking southeast from the Purchase
Knob site

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Figure A-31. Purchase Knob site looking southwest Figure A-32. Looking south from the Purchase Knob
site
At Mount Mitchell, DAQ operates a seasonal
ozone monitor. A picture of the site as well as
views looking north, northeast, east, southeast,
south, southwest, west and northwest are
provided in Figure A-33 through Figure A-41.
This site is located at the Mount Mitchell State
Park visitor center. The location of the monitor
with regards to the floodplain is shown in Figure
A-42.
Figure A-33. The Mount Mitchell ozone monitoring
site

Figure A-34. Looking north from the Mount Mitchell
site Figure A-35. Looking northeast at the Mount
Mitchell shelter

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Figure A-36. Mount Mitchell site looking northwest
Figure A-37. Looking west from the Mount Mitchell
site
Figure A-38. Mount Mitchell looking southwest
Figure A-39. Mount Mitchell site looking east

Figure A-40. Looking southeast at the Mount
Mitchell shelter
Figure A-41. Looking south from the Mount Mitchell
site
Figure A-42. Location of the Mount Mitchell site relative to the floodplain

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There are no new monitoring rules that require additional monitoring in these high-elevation areas. The
mountaintop seasonal ozone monitors started on March 1, 2017, because the ozone-monitoring season
was extended to March in 2015. The division requested and received a waiver for March ozone
monitoring for the Joanna Bald, Frying Pan, Purchase Knob and Mount Mitchell sites in years when the
weather does not allow access to these sites. Access is often limited during the winter. Sometimes
these sites remain inaccessible until early to mid-April. The waiver request approval was granted by the
EPA in December 2016 and renewed in 2020.
(2) The Asheville MSA
The Asheville MSA consists of the valley portions (areas under the elevation of 1.2 km or 4,000 feet) of
four counties: Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson and Madison. The major urban areas are Asheville,
Waynesville and Hendersonville. The division currently operates two monitoring sites in the Asheville
MSA, the Asheville Buncombe Air Quality Agency, ABAQA, operates two, and both agencies jointly
operate an urban-air-toxics monitoring site. These sites are located at the Board of Education, Bent
Creek and AB Tech in Buncombe County and the Waynesville Elementary School and Canton in Haywood
County. The locations of these five monitoring sites are shown in Figure A-43. In 2013, ABAQA relocated
its ozone monitor at Bent Creek to another location within the park. On Dec. 31, 2015, the division shut
down the fine particle monitor at the Waynesville Recreation Center. On Jan. 1, 2017, two new source-
oriented monitoring sites began operating in this MSA. One is operated by DAQ in Canton near the
Evergreen facility. The other was jointly operated by ABAQA, DAQ and Duke Energy Progress in Skyland
near the Asheville Steam Station. The Skyland sulfur dioxide data requirements rule, DRR, site shut
down on July 1, 2020.

Figure A-43. Locations of Monitoring Sites in the Asheville MSA

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At the Board of Education site, ABAQA operates a one-in-six-day collocated precision fine particle FRM
monitor and a continuous fine particle monitor. The one-in-six-day SASS and URG 3000 speciation fine
particle monitors were shut down in January 2015 when the EPA stopped funding them. A picture of the
site as well as views looking north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest are
provided in Figure A-44 through Figure A-52. On Jan. 1, 2016, ABAQA changed from using the well
impactor ninety-six, or WINS, to very sharp cut cyclones, or VSCC, on the FRMs. In June 2017, ABAQA
changed the method for continuously measuring fine particles. On Jan. 1, 2019, ABAQA changed the
primary fine particle monitor at the site to the continuous fine particle monitor.
Figure A-44. ABAQA Board of Education fine particle monitoring site, 37-021-0024
Figure A-45. Board of Education site looking north
Figure A-46. Board of Education site looking northwest

Figure A-47. Board of Education site looking west
Figure A-48. Board of Education site looking northeast

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Figure A-49. Board of Education site looking east

Figure A-50. Board of Education site looking southeast

Figure A-51. Board of Education site looking
southwest

Figure A-52. Board of Education site looking south
In early 2022, Mr. Ryan Brown, with the Air and Radiation Division (ARD) of the EPA Region 4, called the
Asheville-Buncombe Air Quality Agency (ABAQA) to inform them about the availability of a collocation
shelter for sensor studies for installation at the Board of Education site (37-021-0034) located in
Asheville, North Carolina. Further conversations with Mr. Brown and the property owners at the Board
of Education site indicated that for the collocation shelter to be properly installed and accessible to the
public, the current monitoring site would need to be relocated from the roof of the building to the
ground. As a result, ABAQA contacted the maintenance staff at the Board of Education Building to see if
the rooftop monitors could be relocated on the ground approximately 168 meters east of the current
location as shown in Figure A-53. The Board of Education maintenance staff agreed to this location. As a
result the DAQ with the assistance of ABAQA prepared a network plan addendum to the 2021-2022
network plan.2 This network plan addendum was made available on the Department of Environmental
Quality DAQ website for public comment for 30 days from April 9 to May 10, 2022. In addition, notice of
its availability was emailed to the DAQ Outside Involvement Committee and rulemaking stakeholders.
No public comments were received. The move occurred April 2023 and the monitoring method should
be changed to the T640X by the end of 2023. Pictures submitted were before the move and will be
updated the next Annual Network Plan.

2 The NC DEQ 2021-2022 Network Monitoring Plan Volume 1 Addendum 1 Board of Education Information for
Relocating the Fine Particle (PM2.5) Monitors, May 13, 2022, available on the worldwide web at
https://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/documents/DocsSearch.do?dispatch=download&documentId=15698.

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Figure A-53. Locations of current and proposed monitoring stations at the Board of Education site
At the Bent Creek site, 37-021-0030, ABAQA operates a seasonal ozone monitor. A picture of the site as
well as views looking north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest are
provided in Figure A-54 through Figure A-62. This site is one of two urban ozone-monitoring sites in the
MSA. 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D requires the Asheville MSA to have two ozone monitoring sites.
Because of the growth of the trees at the old Bent Creek location, ABAQA moved the site to a new Bent
Creek location that is within a mile of the old Bent Creek location on June 6, 2013.

Figure A-54. The Bent Creek ozone monitoring site, 37-021-0030

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Figure A-55. Looking north from the Bent Creek site

Figure A-56. Looking northwest from the Bent Creek
site

Figure A-57. Looking west from the Bent Creek site

Figure A-58. Looking southwest from the Bent Creek
site

Figure A-59. Looking northeast from the Bent Creek
site

Figure A-60. Looking east from the Bent Creek site

Figure A-61. Looking southeast from the Bent Creek
site

Figure A-62. Looking south from the Bent Creek site

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At the AB Tech site, 37-021-0035, ABAQA
operates a year-round air toxics volatile
organic compound sampler. Samples are
collected in stainless steel canisters and sent
to the Laboratory Analysis Branch, LAB,
where they are analyzed for 66 compounds
using the Compendium Method for Toxic
Organics 15. Currently, DAQ has been forced
to suspend the VOC portion of the UAT
program due to staffing issues at the Reedy
Creek Analysis Laboratory. This suspension
of the VOC program began in February of
2023 and is expected to continue for the
remainder of the year. DAQ hopes to
reestablish the program in 2024 when
staffing and training issues are resolved.
DAQ continues to operate the UAT
Aldehydes program in conjunction with the
ABAQA. A picture of the site as well as views
looking north, northeast, east, southeast,
south, southwest, west and northwest are
provided in Figure A-63 through Figure A-71. 1-
Bromopropane was added to the list of analytes starting
on July 1, 2021. On May 4, 2022, the shelter at the site
was replaced with a smaller, dog-house type shelter.
Figure A-63. AB Tech urban air toxics monitoring site
Figure A-64. Looking north from the AB Tech site Figure A-65. Looking northwest from the AB Tech site

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Figure A-66. Looking northeast from the AB Tech site
Figure A-67. Looking east from the AB Tech site
Figure A-68. Looking west from the AB Tech site
Figure A-69. Looking southwest from the AB Tech site
Figure A-70. Looking southeast from the AB Tech site
Figure A-71. Looking south from the AB Tech site
In 2015, the division began working with Duke Energy Progress to establish a sulfur dioxide monitoring
station in Skyland, North Carolina, to characterize the ambient sulfur dioxide concentrations near the

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Asheville steam station as required by the DRR for sulfur dioxide.3 The area chosen for placement of the
monitor was selected using the results of modeling done as described in the technical assistance
document and was reported in the NC DEQ 2016-2017 Network Monitoring Plan Volume 1 Addendum 2
Duke Progress Energy Skyland Siting Analysis and Additional Site Information.4 The division operated
this monitor in collaboration with Duke Energy Progress to ensure the air in the Asheville area complies
with the national ambient air quality standards for sulfur dioxide. The NC DAQ submitted to the EPA an
addendum to the 2019-2020 network plan on April 8, 2020, requesting permission to shut down the
site.5 The EPA granted DAQ approval to shut down this monitor on July 1, 2020, and Duke shut down
the monitor the same day.
Figure A-72. The Waynesville elementary school ozone
monitoring site
At the Waynesville Elementary School site,
37-087-0008, DAQ operates a seasonal
ozone monitor, one of two urban ozone
monitoring sites in the MSA. 40 CFR Part 58,
Appendix D requires the Asheville MSA to
have two ozone monitoring sites. The site is
shown in Figure A-72. Table A3 provides
information on the site. This site started at
the beginning of the 2011 ozone monitoring
season and is across the street from the
Haywood County Health Department where
the previous site was located.

Table A3. Site Information Table for Waynesville Elementary School
Site Name: Waynesville Elementary School AQS Site Identification Number: 37-087-0008
Location: 2236 Asheville Road, Waynesville, North Carolina CBSA: Asheville, NC MSA #: 11700
Latitude 35.507224 Longitude -82.963625 Datum: WGS84 Elevation 793 meters
Parameter
Name Method
Method
Reference ID
Sample
Duration Sampling Schedule
Ozone Instrumental with ultraviolet photometry (047) EQOA-0880-047 1-Hour March 1 to Oct. 31
Date Monitor Established: Ozone April 1, 2011
Nearest Road: Asheville Road Traffic Count: 9,200 Year of Count: 2020
Parameter Name Distance to Road Direction to Road Monitor Type Statement of Purpose
Ozone 151 meters East northeast SLAMS
Compliance w/NAAQS. Real-time
AQI reporting & forecasting.

3 Data Requirements Rule for the 2010 1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide Primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard,
Federal Register of Aug. 21, 2015, (80 FR 51052)(FRL-9928-18-OAR), 2015-20367.
4 The NC DEQ 2016-2017 Network Monitoring Plan Volume 1 Addendum 2 Duke Progress Energy Skyland Siting
Analysis and Additional Site Information, Dec. 28, 2016, available on the worldwide web at
http://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/documents/DocsSearch.do?dispatch=download&documentId=13136.
5 2019-2020 Annual Monitoring Network Plan for the North Carolina Division of Air Quality, Volume 1, Addendum
2: Skyland Data Requirements Rule (DRR) and Semora DRR Data Analysis for Shutting Down the DRR Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2) Monitors, available on the worldwide web at
http://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/documents/DocsSearch.do?dispatch=download&documentId=13023.

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Parameter Name Monitoring Objective Scale Suitable for Comparison to NAAQS
Proposal to Move or
Change
Ozone Population exposure Regional Yes None
Parameter Name Meets Part 58 Requirements for:
Appendix A Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E
Ozone Yes Yes Yes Yes
Parameter Name Probe Height (m) Distance to Support Distance to Trees Obstacles
Ozone 3.7 1.02 meters >20 meters None
The site was relocated on April 1, 2011, to Junaluska Elementary School at 2238 Asheville Road,
Waynesville, NC 28786, approximately 200 meters east of the previous Waynesville health department
site. An aerial view of the area is shown in Figure A-73. Figure A-74 through Figure A-81 provide views
looking north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest from the new site.
Figure A-73. Aerial view of the Waynesville ozone monitoring site (A is the old site location)

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Figure A-74. Looking north from Waynesville ozone
site
Figure A-75. Waynesville ozone site looking
northeast
Figure A-76. Waynesville ozone site looking
northwest
Figure A-77. Waynesville ozone site looking west
FigureA-78. Waynesville ozone site looking
southwest
Figure A-79. Waynesville ozone site looking east

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Figure A-80. Waynesville ozone site looking
southeast
Figure A-81. Waynesville ozone site looking south
At the Canton DRR site, 37-087-0013, DAQ operates a source-oriented sulfur dioxide monitor to meet
the requirements in the 2010 sulfur dioxide data requirements rule. The monitor started operating in
late 2016 to ensure ambient air in the proximity of the Evergreen/Blue Ridge Paper facility meets the
national ambient air quality standards for sulfur dioxide. Figure A-82 through Figure A-91 show an aerial
view of the site in relationship to the Evergreen facility, the site and views from the site looking north,
northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest.

Figure A-82. Aerial view showing the location of the Canton DRR monitoring station

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Figure A-83. Canton DRR sulfur dioxide monitoring site
Figure A-84. The Canton DRR site looking north Figure A-85. The Canton DRR site looking northwest

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Figure A-86. The Canton DRR site looking west
Figure A-87. Looking northeast from the Canton
DRR site
Figure A-88. Looking east from Canton DRR site
Figure A-89. Looking southeast from the Canton
DRR site
Figure A-90. Looking southwest from the Canton
DRR site
Figure A-91. Looking south from the Canton DRR
site

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The December 2010 changes to the lead monitoring regulations6 impacted the Asheville MSA because
Evergreen/Blue Ridge Paper Products, located in Haywood County, emitted over 0.5 ton of lead to the
air in 2009 and 2010.7 In 2011, the division requested and received a waiver for lead monitoring at Blue
Ridge Paper based on results of modeling.8 Model results indicate the maximum ambient lead
concentration in the ambient air at and beyond the fence line is 0.006 micrograms per cubic meter, well
below the 0.075 micrograms per cubic meter (50 percent of the NAAQS) threshold for monitoring. The
division did not renew the waiver in 2015 because the facility currently emits less than 0.5 ton of lead. 9
Early in 2023 the Evergreen Packaging Mill, the source of the SO2 emissions, announced plans to shut
down in 2023. Once the shutdown occurs, the Canton SO2 monitor will no longer be needed. Should this
happen the DAQ will determine the appropriate time to shut down the Canton SO2 monitoring site.
The 2015 sulfur dioxide monitoring requirements required additional sulfur dioxide monitoring in this
MSA.10 The sulfur dioxide monitors required by this rule are discussed in detail in the NC DEQ 2016-2017
Network Monitoring Plan Volume 1 Addendum 2 Duke Progress Energy Skyland Siting Analysis and
Additional Site Information 11 and Appendix E. Evergreen Packaging Canton Siting Analysis and
Additional Site Information.12 Both sites started in January 2017. Monitoring at the Skyland DRR site
ended on July 1, 2020.
(3) The Non-MSA Valley Areas
The non-MSA valley areas consist of those areas below 1.2 km (4,000 feet) in 13 counties: Avery,
Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania and
Yancey. There are no major metropolitan areas. The Brevard MiSA is in Transylvania County and the
Forest City MiSA is in Rutherford County. DAQ operates three monitoring sites, the EBCI operates two
sites, and the EPA operates a CASTNET site. The Coweeta CASTNET site is discussed further in the
CASTNET network plan.13 The EBCI operates a fine-particle monitoring site in Cherokee, North Carolina

6 Revisions to Lead Ambient Air Monitoring Requirements, Federal Register, Vol. 75, No. 247, Monday, Dec. 27,
2010, p. 81126, available online at https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-12-27/pdf/2010-32153.pdf#page=1.
7 North Carolina Criteria and Toxic Air Pollutant Point Source Emissions Report, available online at
https://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/ToxicsReport/ToxicsReportFacility.jsp?ibeam=true&year=2009&pollutant=153&count
y_code=087.
8 2011 State of North Carolina Ambient Air Monitoring Network Plan, The U. S. EPA Region 4 Comments and
Recommendations, p3-4, available at
http://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/documents/DocsSearch.do?dispatch=download&documentId=7843.
9 Data obtained from the DAQ emission inventory database available online at
https://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/ToxicsReport/ToxicsReportFacility.jsp?ibeam=true&year=2020&county_code=087&fi
ndfacility=4993, accessed on May 15, 2022
10 Data Requirements Rule for the 2010 1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide Primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard,
Federal Register of Aug. 21, 2015, (80 FR 51052) (FRL-9928-18-OAR), 2015-20367.
11 The NC DEQ 2016-2017 Network Monitoring Plan Volume 1 Addendum 2 Duke Progress Energy Skyland Siting
Analysis and Additional Site Information, Dec. 28, 2016, available on the worldwide web at
http://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/documents/DocsSearch.do?dispatch=download&documentId=13136.
12 The NC DEQ 2016-2017 Network Monitoring Plan Volume 1 Appendix E. Evergreen Packaging Canton Siting
Analysis and Additional Site Information, July 1, 2016, available on the worldwide web at
http://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/documents/DocsSearch.do?dispatch=download&documentId=13137.
13 2021 CASTNET Annual Network Plan, June 15, 2021, available online at
https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-06/documents/castnet_plan_2021_final_publish.pdf.

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and an ozone-monitoring site in Swain County at the old high school. Both sites are tribal monitors and
not part of the DAQ monitoring network. This section focuses on the three monitoring sites operated by
DAQ. These sites are located at Bryson City in Swain County, Linville Falls in Avery County and Spruce
Pine in Mitchell County. Figure A-92 shows the locations of these monitoring sites. The Marion particle
monitoring station in McDowell County was shut down on Dec. 31, 2015.
Figure A-92. Monitoring sites in the non-MSA valley areas of the Asheville monitoring region
At Bryson City in Swain County, 37-173-0002, DAQ
operates a seasonal ozone monitor and a federal
equivalent method (FEM) beta attenuation (BAM)
continuous fine particle monitor. In April 2014, the
Tennessee Valley Authority added a hydrologic
gauging station. A 12-month special purpose sulfur
dioxide monitor collected background data for
modeling attainment demonstrations for the
Asheville power plant from August 2014 to August
2015. Figure A-93 through Figure A-101 show the
site and views looking north, northeast, east,
southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest.
The site is collocated with a meteorological tower
measuring wind speed and wind direction, ambient
temperature and relative humidity. Barometric
pressure was added to the site on June 1, 2022.

Figure A-93. The Bryson City ozone, particle and
meteorological monitoring station, 37-173-0002

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Figure A-94. Looking north from the Bryson site
Figure A-95. The Bryson site looking northwest
Figure A-96. The Bryson site looking northeast
Figure A-97. Looking east from the Bryson site
Figure A-98. Looking west from the Bryson site
Figure A-99. The Bryson site looking southwest

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Figure A-100. The Bryson site looking southeast Figure A-101. Looking south from the Bryson site
On May 31, 2022, DAQ stopped measuring the temperature differential between 10 meters and 2
meters and ended the temperature and relative humidity readings at 2 meters and moved the relative
humidity sensor to 10 meters. During the summer of 2023, DAQ plans to relocate the continuous fine
particle monitor from its current location to a new location placing it between the met tower and the
rain gage to move the monitor further away from the dripline of a nearby tree as shown in Figure A-102.
Sometime in 2023, DAQ also plans to change the continuous fine particle monitoring method from a
BAM 1020 to a BAM 1022. Table A4 summarizes monitoring information for the Bryson City site.

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Figure A-102. Relocation of the continuous fine particle monitor at Bryson
Table A4. Site Information Table for Bryson City
Site Name: Bryson City AQS Site Identification Number 37-173-0002
Location: 30 Recreation Park Drive, Bryson City, North Carolina
CBSA: Not in a CBSA CBSA #: 00000
Latitude 35.434767 Longitude -83.442133 Datum: WGS84
Elevation 560 meters
Parameter Name Method
Method
Reference ID
Sample
Duration Sampling Schedule
Ozone
Instrumental with ultraviolet
photometry (047) EQOA-0880-047 1-Hour March 1 to Oct. 31
PM 2.5 local conditions
Met One BAM-1020 Mass Monitor
w/VSCC - beta attenuation EQPM-0308-170 1-Hour Year round
Outdoor temperature
Met One AIO1 Sonic Weather
Sensor (069)
Not a reference
method 1-Hour Year round
Relative humidity
Met One AIO1 Sonic Weather
Sensor (069)
Not a reference
method 1-Hour Year round
Barometric pressure
Met One AIO1 Sonic Weather
Sensor (069)
Not a reference
method 1-Hour Year round

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Table A4. Site Information Table for Bryson City
Wind direction/speed
Instrumental - electronic or
machine avg. (050)
Not a reference
method 1-Hour Year round
Date Monitor Established:
Ozone April 1, 1995
PM 2.5 local conditions June 17, 2009
Outdoor temperature April 25, 2001
Relative humidity April 25, 2001
Solar radiation April 25, 2001
Barometric pressure June 1, 2021
Wind direction/speed April 25, 2001
Nearest Road: Recreation Park Drive Traffic Count: 20 Year of Count: 2018
Parameter Name
Distance to
Road
Direction
to Road Monitor Type Statement of Purpose
Ozone 18 meters Northeast SLAMS
Compliance w/NAAQS. Real-time AQI
reporting & forecasting.
PM 2.5 local conditions 25 meters Northeast SLAMS
Compliance w/NAAQS. Real-time AQI
reporting & forecasting.
Outdoor temperature 25 meters Northeast Non-regulatory Real-time information & modeling
Relative humidity 25 meters Northeast Non-regulatory Real-time information & modeling
Barometric pressure 25 meters Northeast Non-regulatory Real-time information & modeling
Wind direction/speed 25 meters Northeast Non-regulatory Real-time information & modeling
Parameter Name Monitoring Objective Scale
Suitable for NAAQS
Comparison Proposal to Move or Change
Ozone General background Neighborhood Yes None
PM 2.5 local conditions Regional transport Regional Yes Platform will move in 2022
Outdoor temperature Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
2 m sensor & delta
temperature ended May 31,
2021
Relative humidity Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Method changed & sensor
moved to 10 meters on June
1, 2021
Barometric pressure Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Started June 1, 2021
Wind direction/speed Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Method changed to AIO2
Parameter Name
Meets Part 58 Requirements for:
Appendix A Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E
Ozone Yes Yes Yes Yes
PM 2.5 local conditions Yes Yes Yes Yes
Outdoor temperature Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Relative humidity Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Barometric pressure Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Wind direction/speed Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Parameter Name Probe Height (m) Distance to Support Distance to Trees Obstacles
Ozone 4.57 1.82 meters 15.54 meters southwest None
PM 2.5 local conditions 2.286 2.0574 meters 10.97 meters None
Outdoor temperature 10 > 1 meters >20 meters None
Relative humidity 10 > 1 meters >20 meters None
Barometric pressure 10 > 1 meters >20 meters None
Wind direction/speed 10 > 1 meters >20 meters None

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At the Linville Falls site, DAQ operates a seasonal ozone monitor. A picture of the site as well as views
looking north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest are provided in Figure
A-103 through Figure A-111. This monitoring site is in the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area Class 1 area
and is collocated with an IMPROVE monitor. This monitor is a rural monitor. The collocated relative
humidity and ambient temperature sensor was shut down on Oct. 30, 2014.
Figure A-103. Linville Falls ozone and IMPROVE monitoring site
Figure A-104. Looking north from the Linville site
Figure A-105. The Linville site looking northwest
Figure A-106. The Linville site looking northeast
Figure A-107. Looking east from the Linville site

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Figure A-108. Looking west from the Linville site
Figure A-109. The Linville site looking southwest
Figure A-110. The Linville site looking southeast
Figure A-111. Looking south from the Linville site
Table A5. Site Information Table for Linville Falls
Site Name: Linville Falls AQS Site Identification Number: 37-011-0002
Location: 100 Linville Falls Road, Linville Falls
CBSA: None CBSA #: 00000
Latitude 35.972347 Longitude -81.933072 Datum: WGS84
Elevation 987 meters
Parameter
Name Method Method Reference ID
Sample
Duration Sampling Schedule
Ozone
Instrumental with ultraviolet
photometry (047) EQOA-0880-047 1-Hour March 1 to Oct. 31
Date Monitor Established: Ozone Aug. 1, 1999
Nearest Road: Linville Falls Road Traffic Count: 500 Year of Count: 2018 Estimate
Parameter Name Distance to Road Direction to Road Monitor Type Statement of Purpose
Ozone 86 meters East SLAMS
Compliance w/NAAQS. Real-time
AQI reporting and forecasting.
Parameter Name Monitoring Objective Scale
Suitable for Comparison
to NAAQS
Proposal to Move or
Change
Ozone General background Urban Yes None
Parameter Name
Meets Part 58 Requirements for:
Appendix A Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E
Ozone Yes Yes Yes Yes
Parameter Name Probe Height (m) Distance to Support Distance to Trees Obstacles
Ozone 3.80 meters 1.10 meters 16 meters east None

In the fall of 2013, DAQ was evicted from the monitoring site located in Spruce Pine on the top of the
town hall, 37-121-0001. Figure A-112 provides the eviction notice from the Town of Spruce Pine. The
Town of Spruce Pine purchased a building and relocated their offices at the end of 2013. Thus, the
division shut down the Spruce Pine site at the end of 2013 and established a new site at the Blue Ridge
Regional Hospital, 37-121-0004. Because of the timing of the notice, DAQ was unable to include this
network modification in the July 2013 network monitoring plan. Thus, the division requested emergency
approval from the EPA Region 4 for shutting down the old site and establishing the new site. Details on
the new site are provided below.

Figure A-112. Eviction notice from the Town of Spruce Pine

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Spruce Pine is in the mountains where there are very few flat open spaces to locate a monitor. The
division prefers to keep the monitors on the ground for safety reasons and for ease of access. After
searching around Spruce Pine within a mile of the city hall location, a new location at Blue Ridge
Regional Hospital, 272 Hospital Dr., Spruce Pine, NC, was identified. As shown in Figure A-113, the
hospital location is approximately 1 km east southeast of the city hall site. It is approximately 75 meters
southeast of Highway U.S. 19 East, which had an average annual daily traffic count of 9,500 in 2012.
Based on Figure E-1 in 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix E, the monitor is on the edge of the neighborhood-
urban scale boundary. The site is located at latitude 35.912487 and longitude -82.062082. A picture of
the site and pictures taken from the site looking in 8 compass directions are provided in Figure A-114
through Figure A-122.

Figure A-113. Arial view of city hall and hospital monitoring sites

Figure A-114. Spruce Pine hospital, 37-121-0004, fine particle monitoring site

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Figure A-115. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
north

Figure A-116. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
northwest

Figure A-117. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
west

Figure A-118. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
northeast

Figure A-119. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
east

Figure A-120. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
southeast

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Figure A-121. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
southwest

Figure A-122. Spruce Pine hospital site looking
south
The hospital has a boiler house and emergency generators, but the monitor is at least 200 meters
northeast from them. The trees to the northeast are about 32 meters high and 80 meters from the site.
The trees to the east are about 33 meters high and 86 meters away. The trees to the southeast are 60
meters tall and 140 meters away. The building to the southwest is about 11 meters high and 130 meters
from the site. The trees to the west are about 38 meters tall and 90 meters away. All the trees and
buildings are far enough away as to not be obstacles to the flow of the air. In 2015 the hospital
expanded the parking lot. The monitor was moved 9 meters to the north on March 31, 2015.
There are no new monitoring rules that require additional monitoring in these non-MSA valley areas.

A41

Appendix A.1 Annual Network Site Review Forms for 2022
Joanna Bald in Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness Area
Frying Pan in the Shining Rock Wilderness Area
Purchase Knob in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Mount Mitchell in the Mount Mitchell State Park
Bent Creek in Asheville, operated by the ABAQA
Board of Education in Asheville, operated by the ABAQA
AB Tech Air Toxics Site, operated by ABAQA & the Laboratory Analysis Branch
Waynesville Elementary School in Waynesville
Canton DRR in Canton
Bryson City
Linville Falls in the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area
Spruce Pine

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A44

A45

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A47

A48

A49

A50

A51

A52

A53

A54

A55

A56

A57

A58

A59

A60

A61

A62

A63

A64

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