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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAQ_F_0400036_20211117_PRMT_Permit ROY COOPER Governor \ ELIZABETH S.BISER u Secretary MICHAEL A.ABRACZINSKASM NORTH CAROLINA Director Environmental Quality November 17, 2021 Mr. Jason Conner VP Land Management B.V. Hedrick Gravel and Sand Co. Lilesville Plant PO Box 425 Swannanoa,NC 28778 Subject: Air Permit No. 06725R06 B.V. Hedrick Gravel and Sand Co. - Lilesville Plant Lilesville,Anson County,North Carolina Permit Class: Small Facility ID#0400036 Dear Mr. Conner: In accordance with your completed application received September 21, 2021, we are forwarding herewith Permit No. 06725R06 to B.V. Hedrick Gravel and Sand Co. - Lilesville Plant, Lilesville, Anson County,North Carolina for the construction and operation of air emissions sources or air cleaning devices and appurtenances. Additionally,any emissions activities determined from your air permit application as meeting the exemption requirements contained in 15A NCAC 2Q .0102 have been listed for information purposes as an "ATTACHMENT to the enclosed air permit. Please note the records retention requirements are contained in General Condition 2 of the General Conditions and Limitations. Note that startup notification is required,IN WRITING,within 15 days after the startup or relocation of the operation, per Specific Condition and Limitation A.8. If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable to you, you have the right to request a formal adjudicatory hearing within 30 days following receipt of this permit, identifying the specific issues to be contested. Such a request will stay the effectiveness of the entire permit. This hearing request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to G.S. 150B-23 of the North Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh,NC 27699-6714. The form for requesting a formal adjudicatory hearing may obtained upon request from the Office of Administrative Hearings. Unless a request for a hearing is made pursuant to G.S. 15013-23, this air permit shall be final and binding. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality I Division of Air Quality Fayetteville Regional Office 1 225 Green Street,Suite 714 1 Fayetteville,NC 28301-5094 rn? Ocparimsnt of Enrimnm. 910.433.3300 T 1 910.485.7467 F Jason Conner November 17, 2021 Page 2 You may request modification of your air permit through informal means pursuant to G.S. 150B-22. This request must be submitted in writing to the Director and must identify the specific provisions or issues for which the modification is sought. Please note that the permit will become final and binding regardless of a request for informal modification unless a request for a hearing is also made under G.S. 150B-23. Unless exempted by a condition of this permit or the regulations, construction of new air pollution sources or air cleaning devices, or modifications to the sources or air cleaning devices described in this permit must be covered under a permit issued by the Division of Air Quality prior to construction. Failure to do so is a violation of G.S. 143-215.108 and may subject the Permittee to civil or criminal penalties as described in G.S. 143-215.114A and 143- 215.114B. This permit shall be effective from November 17, 2021 until October 31,2029, is nontransferable to future owners and operators, and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as specified therein. Changes have been made to the permit stipulations. The Permittee is responsible for carefully reading the entire permit and evaluating the requirements of each permit stipulation.The Permittee shall comply with all terms, conditions, requirements, limitations and restrictions set forth in this permit. Noncompliance with any permit condition is grounds for enforcement action, for permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification, or for denial of a permit renewal application. Should you have any questions concerning this matter, please contact Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs at 910-433-3300. Sincerely, Heather.Carter, Regional Supervisor Division of Air Quality,NC DEQ Enclosures c: Fayetteville Regional Office NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY DIVISION OF AIR QUALITY AIR PERMIT NO. 06725R06 Issue Date: November 17, 2021 Effective Date:November 17, 2021 Expiration Date: October 31, 2029 Replaces Permit: 06725R05 To construct and operate air emission source(s) and/or air cleaning device(s), and for the discharge of the associated air contaminants into the atmosphere in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 B of Chapter 143, General Statutes of North Carolina(NCGS) as amended, and other applicable Laws, Rules and Regulations, B.V. Hedrick Gravel and Sand Co. -Lilesville Plant Ingram Mountain Road- SR 1704 Lilesville, Anson County,North Carolina Permit Class: Small Facility ID#0400036 (the Permittee) is hereby authorized to construct and operate the air emissions sources and/or air cleaning devices and appurtenances described below: onN1VJe alliMieral�i�ocessing arit, Ions per hcsui�utilizing water suppression w�tb no other co�tret deVic�s;inctadirig. k _> ES Crush Crushing Operations (NSPS) ES Screen Screening Operations N/A N/A (NSPS) ES Convey Conveying Operations (NSPS) in accordance with the completed application 0400036.21A received September 21, 2021 including any plans, specifications,previous applications, and other supporting data, all of which are filed with the Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality(DAQ) and are incorporated as part of this permit. Permit No. 06725R06 Page 2 This permit is subject to the following specified conditions and limitations including any TESTING,REPORTING, OR MONITORING REQUIREMENTS: A. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS 1. Any air emission sources or control devices authorized to construct and operate above must be operated and maintained in accordance with,the provisions contained herein. The Permittee shall comply with applicable Environmental Management Commission Regulations, including Title 15A North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC), Subchapter 2D .0202, 2D .0510, 2D .0521, 2D .0524 (40 CFR 60, Subpart 000), 2D .0535, 2D .0540, 2D .0605, and 2D .1806. 2. PERMIT RENEWAL AND EMISSION INVENTORY REQUIREMENT - The Permittee, at least 90 days prior to the expiration date of this permit, shall request permit renewal by letter in accordance with 15A NCAC 2Q .0304(d) and(f). Pursuant to 15A NCAC 2Q .0203(i), no permit application fee is required for renewal of an existing air permit(without a modification request). The renewal request(with application Form A) should be submitted to the Regional Supervisor, DAQ. Also, at least 90 days prior to the expiration date of this permit,the Permittee shall submit the air pollution emission inventory report(with Certification Sheet)in accordance with 15A NCAC 2D .0202,pursuant to N.C. General Statute 143 215.65. The report shall be submitted to the Regional Supervisor, DAQ and shall document air pollutants emitted for the 2028 calendar year. 3. PARTICULATE CONTROL REQUIREMENT - As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0510 "Particulates from Sand, Gravel, or Crushed Stone Operations," the following requirements apply: a. The Permittee of a sand, gravel, recycled asphalt pavement(RAP), or crushed stone operation shall not cause, allow, or permit any material to be produced, handled, transported, or stockpiled without taking measures to reduce to a minimum any particulate matter from becoming airborne to prevent exceeding the ambient air quality standards beyond the property line for particulate matter,both PMIo and total suspended particulates. b. Fugitive dust emissions from sand, gravel, RAP, or crushed stone operations shall be controlled by 15A NCAC 2D .0540 "Particulates from Fugitive Dust Emission Sources." c. The Permittee of any sand, gravel,,RAP, or crushed stone operation shall control process-generated emissions: i. From crushers with wet suppression(excluding RAP crushers); and ii. From conveyors, screens, and transfer points such that the applicable opacity standards in 15A NCAC 2D .0521 Control of Visible Emissions," or 15A NCAC 2D .0524 "New Source Performance standards" are not exceeded. Permit No. 06725R06 Page 3 4. VISIBLE EMISSIONS CONTROL REQUIREMENT -As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0521 "Control of Visible Emissions," visible emissions from the emission sources, manufactured after July 1, 1971, shall not be more than 20 percent opacity when averaged over a six-minute period, except that six-minute periods averaging not more than 87 percent opacity may occur not more than once in any hour nor more than four times in any 24-hour period. However, sources which must comply with a visible emissions standard in 15A NCAC 2D .0524 "New Source Performance Standards" or.1110 "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants" shall meet that standard instead of the 2D .0521 visible emissions standard. 5. VISIBLE EMISSIONS CONTROL REQUIREMENT-As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0521 "Control of Visible Emissions," visible emissions from the emission sources, manufactured as of July 1, 1971, shall not be more than 40 percent opacity when averaged over a six-minute period, except that six-minute periods averaging not more than 90 percent opacity may occur not more than once in any hour nor more than four times in any 24-hour period. However, sources which must comply with a visible emissions standard in 15A NCAC 2D .0524 "New Source Performance Standards" or.1110 "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants" shall meet that standard instead of the 2D .0521 visible emissions standard. 6. 15A NCAC 2D .0524 "NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS" - For the nonmetallic mineral processing equipment(wet material processing operations, as defined in 60.671, are not subject to this Subpart),the Permittee shall comply with all applicable provisions, including the notification,testing, reporting,recordkeeping, and monitoring requirements contained in Environmental Management Commission Standard 15A NCAC 2D .0524 "New Source Performance Standards" (NSPS)as promulgated in 40 CFR 60, Subpart 000, including Subpart.A "General Provisions." a. NSPS Reporting Requirements - In addition to any other notification requirements to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),the Permittee is required to NOTIFY the Regional Supervisor, DAQ, in WRITING, of the following: i. The actual date of initial start=up of an affected facility, postmarked within 15 days after such date; b. NSPS Emissions Limitations -As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0524 [40 CFR 60.672],the following permit limits shall not be exceeded: i. For affected facilities that commenced construction,modification, or reconstruction after August 31, 1983 but before April.22,2008 (wet material processing operations, as defined in 60.671, and Like-For-Like-Replacement, as allowed in 60.670(d),are not subject to this Subpart): Crushers 15% opacity Visible Fugitive emissions from conveyor belts, Emissions 10% opacity screening operations, and other affected facilities Permit No. 06725R06 Page 4 ii. For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction on or after April 22, 2008 (wet material processing operations, as defined in 60.671, and Like-For-Like-Replacement, as allowed in 60.670(d), are not subject to this Subpart): 12% Crushers Visible opacity FFugitive emissions from conveyor belts, Emissions o eening operations, and other affected facilities 7/o opacity c. NSPS Monitoring Requirements - As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0524 [40 CFR 60.674],the following monitoring shall be conducted: i. For any affected facility that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction on or after April 22, 2008 that uses wet suppression to control emissions (Like-For-Like-Replacement, as allowed in 60.670(d), is not subject to this Subpart),the Permittee shall: A. Perform monthly periodic inspections to check that water is flowing to discharge spray nozzles in the wet suppression systems. B. Initiate corrective action within 24 hours and complete corrective action as expediently as practical if the Permittee finds that water is not flowing properly during an inspection of the water spray nozzles. d. NSPS Recordkeeping Requirements -As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0524 [40 CFR 60.676],the following recordkeeping requirements shall be conducted: i. Each inspection of the water spray nozzles, including the date of each inspection and any corrective actions taken, shall be recorded in a logbook (in written or electronic form). ii. The logbooks (in written or electronic form) shall be maintained on-site and made available to DAQ personnel upon request. e. NSPS Performance Testing - As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0524,the following performance tests shall be conducted: Crushers - Visible Fugitive emissions from conveyor belts, screening Emissions Method 9 operations, and other affected facilities Permit No. 06725R06 Page 5 i. All performance tests shall be conducted in accordance with EPA Reference Methods, contained in 40 CFR 60,Appendix A; ii. The EPA Administrator retains the exclusive right to approve equivalent and alternative test methods, continuous monitoring procedures, and reporting requirements; iii. Within 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility(s) will be operated, but not later than 180 days after the initial start-up of the affected facility(s); the Permittee shall conduct the required performance test(s) and submit two copies of a written report of the test(s) to the Regional Supervisor, DAQ; iv. The Permittee shall be responsible for ensuring, within the limits of practicality,that the equipment or process being tested is operated at or near its maximum normal production rate or at a lesser rate if specified by the Director or his delegate; V. All associated testing costs are the responsibility of the Permittee; vi. The Permittee shall arrange for air emission testing protocols to be provided to the DAQ prior to testing. Testing protocols are not required to be pre- approved by the DAQ prior to testing. The DAQ shall review testing protocols for pre-approval prior to testing if requested by the Permittee at least 45 days before conducting the test; and vii. To afford the Regional Supervisor, DAQ,the opportunity to have an observer present, the Permittee shall PROVIDE the Regional Office, in WRITING, at least 7 days notice of any required performance test(s)that involve only Method 9. All other tests require a 30 day notice. viii. When determining compliance with the visible emissions limit for a dry capture system(i.e., bagfilter)that controls an individual enclosed storage bin,the duration of the Method 9 test shall be one (1)hour(ten 6-minute averages). ix. When determining compliance with the Visible emissions limit from fugitive emissions from crushers, conveyor belts, screening operations, and other affected facilities (as described in 60.672(b) or 60.672(e)(1)),the duration of the Method 9 test must be 30 minutes (five 6-minute averages). Compliance with the fugitive visible emissions limits must be based on the average of the five 6-minute averages. Permit No. 06725R06 Page 6 f. Like-For-Like-Replacement-As provided in 40 CFR 60.670(d),when an existing facility is replaced by a piece of equipment of equal or smaller size, as defined in 40 CFR 60.671,having the same function as the existing facility, and there is no increase in the amount of emissions,the new facility is exempt from the provisions of 40 CFR 60.672, 60.674, and 60.675 except as provided for in 60.670(d)(3). The Permittee shall comply with the reporting requirements of 40 CFR 60.676(a). Equipment covered under 40 CFR 60.670 shall comply the requirements of 15A NCAC 2D .0521. 7. NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT -As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0535,the Permittee of a source of excess emissions that last for more than four hours and that results from a malfunction, a breakdown of process or control equipment or any other abnormal conditions, shall: a. Notify the Director or his designee of any such occurrence by 9:00 a.m. Eastern time of the Division's next business day of becoming aware of the occurrence and describe: i. the name and location of the facility, ii. the nature and cause of the malfunction or breakdown, iii. the time when the malfunction or breakdown is first observed, iv. the expected duration, and V. an estimated rate of emissions. b. Notify the Director or his designee immediately when the corrective measures have. been accomplished. This reporting requirement does not allow the operation of the facility in excess of Environmental Management Commission Regulations. 8. FUGITIVE DUST CONTROL REQUIREMENT -As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0540 "Particulates from Fugitive Dust Emission Sources," the Permittee shall not cause or allow fugitive dust emissions to cause or contribute to substantive complaints or excess visible emissions beyond the property boundary. If substantive complaints are received or excessive fugitive dust emissions from the facility are observed beyond the property boundaries for six minutes in any one hour (using Reference Method 22 in 40 CFR, Appendix A),the owner or operator may be required to submit a fugitive dust plan as described in 2D .0540(f). "Fugitive dust emissions" means particulate matter that does not pass through a process stack or vent and that is generated within plant property boundaries from activities such as: unloading and loading areas,process areas stockpiles, stock pile working,plant parking lots, and plant roads (including access roads and haul roads). Permit No. 06725R06 Page 7 9: QUARRY EQUIPMENT REPORTING - As required by 15A NCAC 2D .0605,the Permittee shall maintain on-site an equipment list and a plant(or flow) diagram of all equipment covered under this permit. a. The equipment list shall include the following information for each piece of equipment: i. A description of equipment including applicability of New Source Performance Standards, and: A. Width of belt conveyors, B. Dimensions and configuration(e.g.,triple deck) of screens, and C. Rated capacity (tons or tons/hr) of all nonmetallic mineral processing equipment. ii. A unique ID number. iii. The date the equipment was manufactured. iv. The dates any required performance testing was conducted and submitted to the Regional Supervisor, DAQ. b. The equipment list and plant (or flow) diagram shall bear the date when the current list and diagrams were revised. c. The Permittee shall provide documentation to the Regional Supervisor, DAQ, for any required performance testing within seven days of a written request. d. Notwithstanding General Conditions and Limitations titled "Equipment Relocation" and "Reporting Requirement," the Permittee may install new and relocate existing nonmetallic mineral processing equipment. The Pennittee shall provide written notification to the Regional Supervisor, DAQ, including a revised equipment list and plant(or flow) diagram, each time nonmetallic mineral processing equipment is installed or relocated at a facility. This notification shall be submitted at least 15 days before the equipment is installed or relocated at the facility unless otherwise approved by the Director. Nonmetallic mineral processing equipment includes all crushers, screens, conveyors and loadout bins. 10. CONTROL AND PROHIBITION OF ODOROUS EMISSIONS -As required by 15A NCAC 2D .1806 "Control and Prohibition of Odorous Emissions" the Permittee shall not operate the facility without implementing management practices or installing and operating odor control equipment sufficient to prevent odorous emissions from the facility from causing or contributing to objectionable odors beyond the facility's boundary. Permit No. 06725R06 Page 8 B. GENERAL CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS 1. In accordance with G.S. 143-215.108(c)(1), TWO COPIES OF ALL DOCUMENTS, REPORTS, TEST DATA, MONITORING DATA,NOTIFICATIONS, REQUESTS FOR RENEWAL,AND ANY OTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED BY THIS PERMIT shall be submitted to the: Regional Supervisor North Carolina Division of Air Quality Fayetteville Regional Office Systel Building 225 Green Street, Suite 714 Fayetteville,NC 28301-5094 910-433-3300 For identification purposes, each submittal should include the facility name as listed on the permit,the facility identification number, and the permit number. 2. RECORDS RETENTION REQUIREMENT - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2D .0605, any records required by the conditions of this permit shall be kept on site and made available to DAQ personnel for inspection upon request. These records shall be maintained in a form suitable and readily available for expeditious inspection and review. These records must be kept on site for a minimum of 2 years,unless another time period is otherwise specified. 3. ANNUAL FEE PAYMENT -Pursuant to 15A NCAC 2Q .0203(a), the Permittee shall pay the annual permit fee within 30 days of being billed by the DAQ. Failure to pay the fee in a timely manner will cause the DAQ to initiate action to revoke the permit. 4. EQUIPMENT RELOCATION -In accordance with 15A NCAC 2Q .0301, a new air permit shall be obtained by the Permittee prior to establishing, building, erecting, using, or operating the emission sources or air cleaning equipment at a site or location not specified in this permit. 5. REPORTING REQUIREMENT - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2Q .0309, any of the following that would result in previously unpermitted, new, or increased emissions must be reported to the Regional Supervisor,DAQ: a. changes in the information submitted.in the application regarding facility emissions; b. changes that modify equipment or processes of existing permitted facilities; or c. changes in the quantity or quality of materials processed. If appropriate,modifications to the permit may then be made by the DAQ to reflect any necessary changes in the permit conditions. In no case are any new or increased emissions allowed that will cause a violation of the emission limitations specified herein. Permit No. 06725R06 Page 9 6. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2Q .0309,this permit is subject to revocation or. modification by the DAQ upon a determination that information contained in the application or presented in the support thereof is incorrect, conditions under which this permit was granted have changed, or violations of conditions contained in this permit have occurred. In accordance with G.S. 143-215.108(c)(1),the facility shall be properly operated and maintained at all times in a manner that will effectuate an overall reduction in air pollution. Unless otherwise specified by this permit,no emission source may be operated without the concurrent operation of its.associated air cleaning device(s) and appurtenances. 7. In accordance with G.S. 143-215.108(c)(1),this permit is nontransferable by the Permittee. Future owners and operators must obtain a new air permit from the DAQ. 8. In accordance with G.S. 143-215.108(c)(1),this issuance of this permit in no way absolves the Permittee of liability for any potential civil penalties which may be assessed for violations of State law which have occurred prior to the effective date of this permit. 9. In accordance with G.S. 143-215.108(c)(1),this permit does not relieve the Perm,ittee of the responsibility of complying with all applicable requirements of any Federal, State, or Local water quality-or land quality control authority. 10. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2D .0605,reports on the operation and maintenance of the facility shall be submitted by the Permittee to the Regional Supervisor,DAQ at such intervals and in,such form and detail as may be required by the DAQ. Information required in such reports may include, but is not limited to,process weight rates, firing rates,hours of operation, and preventive maintenance schedules. 11. A violation of any term or condition of this permit shall subject the Permittee to enforcement pursuant to G.S. 143-215.114A, 143-215.114B, and 143-215.114C, including assessment of civil and/or criminal penalties. 12. Pursuant to North Carolina General Statute 143-215.3(a)(2),no person shall refuse entry or access to any authorized representative of the DAQ who requests entry or access for purposes of inspection, and who presents appropriate credentials,nor shall any person obstruct,hamper, or interfere with any such representative while in the process of carrying out his official duties. Refusal of entry or access may constitute grounds for permit revocation and assessment of civil penalties. 13. In accordance with G.S. 143-215.108(c)(1),this permit does not relieve the Permittee of the responsibility of complying with any applicable Federal, State, or Local requirements governing the handling, disposal, or incineration of hazardous, solid, or medical wastes, including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA) administered by the Division of Waste Management. 14. PERMIT RETENTION REQUIREMENT - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2Q .0110,the Permittee shall retain a current copy of the air permit at the site. The Permittee must make available to personnel of the DAQ, upon request,the current copy of the air permit for the site. Permit No. 06725R06 Page 10 15. CLEAN AIR ACT SECTION 112(r)REQUIREMENTS - Pursuant to 15A NCAC 2D .2100 "Risk Management Program," if the Permittee is required to develop and register a risk management plan pursuant to Section I I2(r) of the Federal Clean Air Act, then the Permittee is required to register this plan with the USEPA in accordance with 40 CFR Part 68. 16. PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTAL RELEASES - GENERAL DUTY- Pursuant to Title I Part A Section 112(r)(1) of the Clean Air Act "Hazardous Air Pollutants -Prevention of Accidental Releases - Purpose and General Duty," although a risk management plan may not be required, if the Permittee produces,processes, handles, or stores any amount of a listed hazardous substance,the Permittee has a general duty to take such steps as are necessary to prevent the accidental release of such substance and to minimize the consequences of any release. This condition is federally-enforceable only. 17. GENERAL EMISSIONS TESTING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS - If emissions testing is required by this permit, or the DAQ, or if the Permittee submits emissions testing to the DAQ in support of a permit application or to demonstrate compliance,the Permittee shall perform such testing in accordance with 15A NCAC 2D .2600 and follow all DAQ procedures including protocol approval,regional notification, report submittal, and test results approval. Additionally, in accordance with 15A NCAC 2D .0605,the Permittee shall follow the procedures for obtaining any required audit sample and reporting those results. Permit issued this the 17t'of November, 2021. NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION Heather Carter Regional Supervisor By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission Air Permit No. 06725R06 I ATTACHMENT to Permit No. 06725R06,November 17, 2021 Insignificant/Exempt Activities EMO .A N=1061 IES-1 - Astec G-1 No. 2 oil-fired mobile engine 2Q .0102 (h)(5) No No (125 John Deere) IES-2- G4 No. 2 oil-fired mobile engine 2Q .0102 (h)(5) No No (350 Caterpillar C9) *The two internal combustion engines are exempt from air permitting under 15ANCAC 02Q .0102(h)(5) because they are considered as mobile engines that are subject to the requirements of Title II of the Clean Air Act. 1. Because an activity is exempted from being required to have a.permit or permit modification does not mean that the activity is exempted from an applicable requirement or that the owner or operator of the source is exempted from demonstrating compliance with any applicable requirement. 2. When applicable, emissions from stationary source activities identified above shall be included in determining compliance with the permit requirements for toxic air pollutants under 15A NCAC 2D .1100 "Control of Toxic Air Pollutants" or 2Q .0711 "Emission Rates Requiring a Permit." 3. Sample permit conditions showing the regulatory requirements for exempt sources subject to NESHAP,NSPS, and NCAC rules may be found here: https:Hdeq.nc.gov/Npermitconditions