AQ_AM_20010731_QA_SOP_TECO 17C Ammonia (NH3)

1
REDUCED NITROGEN (NH3) MONITORING WITH THE TEI MODEL 17C ANALYZER.

2.22.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE TEI MODEL 17C NH3 ANALYZER,
CALIBRATOR, AND ZERO AIR SUPPLY

2.22.0.1 17C Operating Principle
2.22.0.2 Instrument Specifications and Components Description (17C)
2.22.0.3 17C Analyzer Startup and Shutdown
2.22.0.4 146C Operating Principle
2.22.0.5 Operating Principle (Model 111 Zero-Air Supply System)
2.22.0.6 146C Description of Controls
2.22.0.7 Calibrator Functions
2.22.0.8 Zero Air Supply Start-up and Operation

2.22.1 ECB RESPONSIBILITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS

Ammonia Monitoring Equipment

2.22.1.1 Selection and Procurement
2.22.1.2 Receipt, Assembly, Initial Adjustment, and Testing
2.22.1.3 Inventory
2.22.1.4 Preventative and Routine Maintenance

Calibration Equipment and Standards

2.22.1.5 Equipment Selection and Procurement
2.22.1.6 Initial Set-up
2.22.1.7 Inventory
2.22.1.8 Calibration of the TECO 146 NH3 Calibrator
2.22.1.9 Routine Maintenance

Field Activities and Data Handling

2.22.1.10 On-Site Installation
2.22.1.11 Zero / Span / Gas Phase Titration (GPT)
•=Unadjusted checks (2.22.1.11.10)
•=Adjusted checks (2.22.1.11.11)
2.22.1.12 Accuracy Auditing

APPENDICES

APPENDIX B.1 AQ-98
APPENDIX B.2 Logbook and Operational Test Form
APPENDIX 2.22.2.3.7 Replacing Capillaries
APPENDIX M Troubleshooting the 17C Analyzer

END OF SECTION 2.22: REDUCED NITROGEN (NH3) MONITORING.

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2.22.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE THERMO-ENVIRONMENTAL (TEI) MODEL 17C AMMONIA
ANALYZER AND CALIBRATOR

The NH3 monitoring system is described by separating it into two sections: the [17C NH3] Analyzer and the
[Model 111 and Model 146C] Zero-Air Supply and Calibrator, respectively. Together these components make-up
the NH3 monitoring station.

2.22.0.1 Principle of Operation (17C)

The Model 17C Chemiluminescence Analyzer utilizes the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with ozone (O3) as its
basic principle. Specifically:

NO + O3 NO2 + O2 + hνννν

The sample is drawn into the Model 17C by an external pump. After it reaches the reaction chamber, it mixes
with ozone which is generated by the internal ozonator. The chemical reaction above then takes place. This
reaction produces infrared light with an intensity proportional to the concentration of NO. Specifically, light
emission results when electronically excited N02 molecules decay to lower energy states. The light emission is
detected by a photomultiplier tube, which in turn generates a proportional electronic signal. The electronic signal
is processed by the microcomputer into a NO concentration reading.

To measure the NOx (NO + NO2) concentration, NO2 must be transformed to NO prior to reaching the reaction
chamber. This transformation takes place in a molybdenum converter heated to approximately 325°C. Upon
reaching the reaction chamber, the converted molecules along with the original NO molecules react with ozone.
The resulting signal represents the NOx reading.

To measure the Nt (NO + NO2 + NH3) concentration, both the NO2 and NH3 must be transformed to NO prior to
reaching the reaction chamber. This transformation takes place in a stainless steel converter heated to
approximately 825°C. Upon reaching the reaction chamber, the converted molecules along with the original NO
molecules react with ozone. The resulting signal represents the Nt reading.

The NO2 concentration is determined by subtracting the signal obtained in the NO mode from the signal obtained
in the NOx mode.
NOx - NO = NO2

The NH, concentration is determined by subtracting the signal obtained in the Nt mode from the signal obtained in
the NOx mode.
Nt - NOx = NH3

The Model 17C outputs NO, NO2, and NH3 concentrations to the front panel display and NO, NO2, NH3, and NOx
concentrations to the analog outputs.

Figure 2.20.1.4.1 illustrates sample flow through the analyzer.

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2.22.0.2 Instrument Specifications and Components Description

2.22.0.2.1 Model 17C Monitor Specifications

Ranges 0-10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000 ppb 0-100, 200,
500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 30000 µg/m3

Extended Ranges 0-200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000, 100000 ppb 0-500, 1000,
2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000, 100000,
150000 µg/m 3

Zero noise 0.5 ppb RMS (120 second averaging time)

Lower detectable limit 1 ppb

Zero drift (24 hour) 1 ppb

Span drift (24 hour) 1 % full scale

Response time (O - 90%) 120 Seconds (10 second averaging time)

Linearity ± 1 % full scale

Sample flow rate 600 cc/min.

Operating temperature 15°- 35°C (may be safely operated over the range of 5°- 40°C)

Power requirements 90 -110 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
105-125 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
210-250 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
500 Watts

Physical dimensions 16.75″ (W) X 8.62″ (H) X 23" (D) Analyzer
16.76″ (W) X 6.87″ (H) X 15.33″ (D) Converter

Weight 60 lbs. (Analyzer Module - including external pump)
19 lbs. (Converter Module)

Outputs NO, NO2, NH3, and NOx,
selectable voltage,
4-20 mA, RS-232, RS-485

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Model 17C Sample Flow
Figure 2.20.1.4.1

2.22.0.2.2 Theory of Operation (17C)

In order to understand the operation of the Model 17C, a general knowledge of the electronics,
software, and subassemblies is necessary.

2.22.0.2.2.1 ELECTRONICS

The electronics can be broken down into the following subassemblies:

DC Power Supply
Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply
Ozonator Power Supply
Temperature Control Board
Input Board
Microprocessor System

A brief description of each follows. Note that all the electrical schematics are given in Appendix
C, "Schematics" of the TEI 17C Owner’s Manual.

a. DC Power Supply

The DC Power Supply outputs the regulated and unregulated DC voltages necessary to operate
the digital electronics, Input Board, and the Temperature Control Board. It outputs + 24 volts
unregulated and + 15 volts and + 5 volts regulated. The DC Power Supply Board also contains
the circuitry for driving the solenoid valves and a circuit for powering and controlling the
photomultiplier cooler supply.
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b. Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply

The Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) Power Supply provides the PMT with the negative high voltage
required for operation. The power supply output may be adjusted from about -500 to -1300 volts
DC.

c. Ozonator Power Supply

The Ozonator Power Supply provides the ozone transformer with approximately 55 Hz, 15 volt
pulses which the transformer steps up to about 15 kilovolts. The timer, U5, generates a square
wave which feeds U3. This IC generates pulses which feed the network composed of U2, C2,
C3, R4 and R5. This network acts to turn Q1 and Q2 on and off in a 4-step cycle. This cycle
results in the discharge of C1 and C5 through the transformer generating high voltage pulses
which power the silent-discharge ozonator.

d. Temperature Control Board

The Temperature Control Board regulates and sets the temperature of the converter and the
reaction chamber. The converter temperature is measured with a type K thermocouple. The
thermocouple voltage is conditioned by U4, which supplies a voltage output of 10 mV per °C.
The conditioned signal is compared to a reference signal set by a potentiometer, and the
comparator output is used to turn the heating element on and off. Both the converter set
temperature and the conditioned thermocouple signal are picked up by the microprocessor and are
used to display the actual converter temperature, as well as the converter set point.

The reaction chamber temperature is measured with a thermistor, whose resistance is equal to that
of the reference resistor at approximately 50°C. The voltage across the thermistor is used by the
microprocessor system for use in calculating and displaying the reaction chamber temperature.

e. Input Board

The Input Board accepts the current signal from the PMT and converts it to a voltage through a
100 megohm feedback resistor (RIO). This voltage is scaled by about a factor of 1, 10, or 100,
depending on the fullscale range of the NO channel. The scaled voltage signal is converted to a
pulse train by the V/F converter and sent to the microprocessor.

A switch on the Input Board turns a test signal on and off which is injected at the first stage of the
Input Board in parallel with the PMT input. This allows the Input Board and the connection to
the processor system to be tested without using the PMT.

f. The Microprocessor System

The microprocessor system consists of printed circuit boards which plug into the Motherboard,
connecting them to each other and to the rest of the instrument. These boards are as follows:

Display Module
Processor Board
Analog to Digital Board
Digital to Analog Board
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C-Link Board

Display Module. The vacuum fluorescent display module shows NO, NO2, and NH3
concentrations, instrument parameters, and help messages. The single board display module
consists of 80 characters (4 line by 20 column), refresh memory, character generator, DC/DC
converter and all necessary control logic. The display module is powered by ±5 volts DC.

Processor Board. The Processor Board contains a Motorola M68HC11F1 microprocessor
(U4), RAM (U5), and EPROM (U2). In addition, this high performance, non-multiplexed 68-pin
microprocessor contains 512 bytes of EEPROM and 1K of RAM. It is operated at a frequency of
2 MHz, which is generated by crystal X1.

During each instruction cycle, the processor fetches an instruction from memory and executes it,
reading or writing data to or from the data bus, or performing a calculation on some internal
register or registers. The reset signal is generated by U8. This signal resets the M68HC11F1
every tenth of a second, and is used by the microprocessor to keep track of time. Each time the
microprocessor is reset, it reads the counters, increments the clock, checks the status of the
pushbuttons, and updates the D/A converters and display. The MC64B40 counter chip (U1) acts
as the interface between the Input Board and the microprocessor. A pulse train from the Input
Signal Board is directly fed into one of three counters on the MC64B40 counter chip.

Digital/Analog Board. The Digital to Analog Board contains four D/A converters, one for each
analog output. Each is addressed by the processor via signals from PAO-PA7 and PGO and PGI.
The D/A converters are zeroed using potentiometers R1, R3, R5, and R7 and span is set using
potentiometers R2, R4, R6, and R8. The fullscale output of the four D/A converters is set by
jumpers on switches SW1-SW4 on the D/A board. Fullscale voltages of 10, 5, 1, and 0. I volts
are available.

Analog to Digital Board. The Analog to Digital Board acts as an interface between all the
signals monitored by the processor system and the microprocessor itself. Up to 12 analog inputs
are available. The cooler temperature, reaction chamber temperature, internal temperature,
pressure, power supply voltages, PMT high voltage, and flow rates are examples of analog
signals converted to digital signals used by the microprocessor.

C-Link Board. The C-Link Board contains the RS-232 circuitry, clock, and memory for the
datalogger. Incoming RS-232 signals are converted to TTL levels by U3, an RS-232
driver/receiver. The TTL signals are then interpreted by U5, a 68HC11 microprocessor, which is
dedicated to remote communications. Data records from the internal datalogger are stored in U2,
a 128K RAM, and the link program is stored in U6, a 64K EPROM. U10 is the internal clock. A
battery supplies +5 volts to the clock and the data logger memory when instrument power off.

2.22.0.2.2.2 SOFTWARE

The software tasks of the processor can be broken down into four areas:

a. Instrument Control

Sixteen control lines are located on the Analog to Digital Board. Line 0 is used to turn the
ozonator on or off. Lines 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 go to the Power Supply Board and control the mode
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solenoid valves, and any additional solenoids used for special applications. Line 6 is used to turn
the PMT voltage on or off. Lines 13 and 15 go to the Input Board and control the gain of the
preamplifier. The remaining lines are currently not in use.

b. Monitoring Signals

The monitoring of signals is tied to the tenth of a second cycle time for the processor system, and
to the one and ten second intervals which are derived from this cycle time. Every tenth of a
second, the processor is reset and the counters and pushbuttons are read. Once every second, the
accumulated counts are sampled. The 1-second accumulated counts representing the NO/NOx/Nt
concentrations are further accumulated for a total of 7 seconds before they are processed, while
the other 1-second accumulated counts representing other signals are processed directly. Every
ten seconds, the NO/NOx/Nt solenoids switch and the processor waits 3 seconds for the reaction
chamber to flush and stabilize. After those 3 seconds, it samples the signal intensity for 7
seconds before again switching the solenoids.

c. Instrument Calculations

The calculations of the NO, N02, NOx, NH3 and Nt concentrations are lengthy and utilize the
processor to provide the most accurate readings. The calculations begin by subtracting the
appropriate electronic offsets from the 7 second count accumulations. There are three such
offsets, one for each of the three settings on the input board. This software based correction
provides excellent cancellation of any electronically induced offsets and eliminates the need for
potentiometer adjustments on the input board. Following this correction, the raw accumulated
counts are scaled according to the gain setting of the input board.

Next, the uncorrected NO, NOX, and Nt values are determined according to a unique averaging
algorithm which minimizes errors resulting from rapidly changing gas concentrations. This
algorithm results in NO, NOx, and Nt values which are stored in RAM in a circular buffer that
holds all the 10 second data from the previous 5 minutes. This data is averaged over the selected
time interval, which can be any multiple of ten between 10 and 300.

The background values for in NO, NOx, and Nt , which are corrected by the stored calibration
factors and by temperature factor, are subtracted from their respective averages. The NO reading
is corrected by the stored span factor and by the temperature factor. The NOx reading is partially
corrected by the span factor, temperature factor, and balance factor. The Nt reading is partially
corrected by the span factor, temperature factor, and balance factor.

The corrected NO value is subtracted from the partially corrected NOx value to yield an
uncorrected NO2 value. The NO2 value is then adjusted for converter efficiency to give a
corrected NO2 reading. The corrected NO2 reading is added to the corrected NO reading to yield
a fully corrected NOx value. The corrected NOx value is subtracted from the partially corrected
Nt value to yield an uncorrected NH3 value. The NH3 value is then adjusted for converter
efficiency to give a corrected NH3 reading. Finally, the corrected NH3 reading is added to the
corrected NO,, reading to yield a fully corrected Nt value.

d. Output Communication

The front panel display and rear panel analog outputs are the chief means of communicating the
results of the above calculations. The display output is coded with 1 representing the NO output,
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2 the N02 output, 3 the NOx output, 4 the NH3 output, and 5 the Nt output. The decimal point on
the display automatically shifts in response to changes in gas concentration. The three analog
outputs do vary according to the range. They are calculated by dividing the data values by the
fullscale range for each of the three parameters and then multiplying each result by 1000.
Negative concentrations can be represented as long as they are within -2.3 % of fullscale. This
gives numbers between -23 and 1000, which are used to drive the three, 10-bit digital to analog
converters.

2.22.0.2.2.3 SUBASSEMBLIES

a. Photomultiplier Cooler

The thermoelectric cooler houses the PMT. The PMT is of the multi-alkali type in order to have
the infrared sensitivity required to detect NO2 luminescence. The PMT is cooled to about -16°C
to reduce dark current and increase instrument sensitivity. The cooler is also controlled at this
temperature in order to have increased zero and span stability over a wide ambient temperature
range.

b. Reaction Chamber

The reaction chamber subassembly is an integral part of the cooler assembly. It is a two-piece 24
carat gold plated assembly which design allows for ease of cleaning and maintenance. In this
reaction chamber, the sample reacts with ozone, producing excited N02 which in turn decays,
giving off a photon of energy. The reaction chamber is heated and controlled to approximately
50°C in order to ensure the greatest instrument stability. Also housed in the reaction chamber
assembly are the sample and ozone flow capillaries and a thermistor sensor.

c. N02-to-NO Converter

The N02-to NO converter employs molybdenum heated to approximately 325°C in order to
convert and detect N02. The converter consists of an insulated housing, heater, replaceable
cartridge, and a type K thermocouple sensor.

2.22.0.2.3 Front Panel Controls

The Model 17C uses menu driven software with Entry Pushbuttons to set the operational
parameters and an acceptable range of operation for the analyzer. The Front Panel of the
analyzer, with a description of Entry Pushbutton functions, is shown in Figure 2.22.0.2.3(a), and a
flowchart of the menu driven software and subroutines is presented in Figure 2.22.0.2.3(b).

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Figure 2.22.0.2.3(a): Front of Model 17C

Pushbuttons - There are eight pushbuttons that are used to engage different modes of operation
through menus for calibrating and Gas Phase Titrations. The 17C is based on menu-driven
software as illustrated by the flowchart in Figure2.22.0.2.3 (b).

a. ENTER pushbutton – used to choose a menu item, activate an entry, or toggle
on/off functions. Use the ENTER pushbutton to choose or accept a menu item
or a value.

b. MENU pushbutton – used to display the main menu and the submenus
containing instrument parameters and the features of each main menu item.
Also, use this pushbutton to return to a previously displayed menu, e.g. if a
mistake is made.

c. ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓←←←←→→→→ pushbuttons – move the cursor up, down, left, or right to a specific
menu item or digit in a setting and increase or decrease (INC/DEC) the value of a
setting in a menu.

d. RUN – used to display the present or active settings of the 17C in the Run
Screen. The Run screen normally displays the NO, NO2, and NH3
concentrations.

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Figure 2.22.0.2.3 (b): Flowchart of Menu driven software

2.22.0.3.2 Analyzer Startup and Shutdown

A. Startup

1. With the power switch ON, all electronics are turned on, the converter turns on, the
cooler, the reaction chamber heater, and the program initialize itself. Turn on the
sample pump which should be pumped to the exhaust port on the analyzer. Exhaust
pump through the charcoal filter and vent to the outside. During the first few minutes
of operation the word "HELLO" is followed "NO-NO2" during which time the analog
output will be 0 volts. The instrument will automatically go into the "Run-Sample"
mode.

2. The Model 17C has been designed so that pushbutton functions do not disturb analog
outputs. When in the Run mode, the NO, NOx, and NH3 output is available. Note
that the Model 17C requires both the cooler and converter to reach and stabilize at
their respective operating temperatures before meaningful data is obtained. It takes
approximately one and a half hours for the Model 17C to stabilize if the power is off
for several hours. The ozonator should be left ON over night before any initial
calibration or recalibration and after a long down period of more than several hours.

Note: If the analyzer is going to be down for more than several hours, follow the steps below. Complete only step 1
below for shorter periods of inactive use.
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B. Shutdown

1. Push the "POWER" switch OFF on the front panel of the control section. All internal
components of the Model 17C should now be shutdown.

Caution !!! If repair work is done on the control section, remove the line cord from the back to totally eliminate any
shcok danger.

2.22.0.4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF TEI MODEL 146C AND ZERO AIR
SUPPLY

2.22.0.4 Operating Principle (Model 146C Calibrator)

The Model 146C Calibrator supplies the required levels of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide to
perform zero, precision, span checks and multipoint calibrations. The Model 146C will be
operated remotely from the datalogger to perform zero and no span checks. The Model 146C is
basically a combination of two devices in one convenient package:
1. an accurate mass flow controlled gas dilution system, and
2. a gas-phase titration system.
NO gas from a NIST traceable Protocol II certified cylinder (connected to Port A) is blended with
"zero-air" to provide a desired concentration. From the known calibration of the two mass flow
controllers, the exact concentration can be calculated. Typically a dilution ratio of about 100:1
to 1000:1 is used.

To generate the desired levels of ozone, the cylinder gas flow is turned off, the zero-air mass flow
controller is set to the desired flow, and the ozone generator is activated. The ozone level at
constant flow is changed by varying the voltage to the ozone generator lamp. The photolytic
ozone generator used on the Model 146C passes all U. S. EPA qualification tests for an ozone
generating transfer standard.

The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration levels are generated by mixing known amounts of NO
from the cylinder with ozone. The amount of NO2 formed is equal to the measured decrease
in the NO level. The decrease in NO level is determined using the NO channel of the Model 17C
analyzer. This technique of determining pollutant concentrations is known as gas-phase titration.
The volume of the reaction chamber (i.e., 150 cc) has been chosen to meet the dynamic parameter
requirements of the U.S. EPA.

The Model 146C contains an LCD readouts to display the actual flows measured by the mass
flow controllers, one for zero air flow and one for cylinder gas flow. The sample/span solenoids
for the Model 17C analyzer should be connected to the analyzer inlet port. These solenoids can
be controlled by signals from the Model 146C. Note that the plumbing should be set-up so that
both sample and span gases pass through the particulate filters as required by U. S. EPA
requirements. The flow of the Model 146C should be set to satisfy the flow demands of the NO
analyzer connected to the calibrator. The manufacturer claims that ozone generator can be
calibrated using an ozone primary standard if it is to be used for ozone monitor calibration, and
that it will pass EPA's requirements as an ozone transfer standard.

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2.22.0.5 Operating Principle (Model 111 Zero-Air Supply System)

The purpose of the Model 111 is to supply pollutant-free air ("zero air") for proper zeroing and to
provide clean diluent air for spanning ambient air analyzers. The components to be removed are
SO2, NO, NO2, O3, CO and hydrocarbons. There is no consensus as to what extent "zero air"
should have water vapor removed. Since many analyzers have longer response times if super-dry
(dew point less than -30 OC) is used for zero and span, and since water vapor is not a pollutant,
the Model 111 does not have a drying system. However, the dew point is reduced as a result of
compression of the ambient air. Room air enters the compressor, where it is raised to a pressure
of approximately 80-90 psi (4560 mm). At 25 OC, the saturation water vapor pressure is
approximately 24 mm. Thus most of the water condenses out and falls to the bottom of the tank.
Out of the 4560 mm of pressure in the tank, only 24 mm is due to water vapor. When this air is
vented to atmospheric pressure (760 mm), the water vapor is reduced to approximately 4 mm.
This corresponds to a dew point of slightly less than 0 OC.

In order to keep any condensation from occurring in the tubing between the compressor and the
Model 111, the output of the compressor contains a coalescing filter and a pressure regulator
where the pressure is reduced to 70 psi. Inside the main case of the Model 111, the compressed
air is further reduced to the final desired pressure (10-30 psi). The air then goes into the reactor
where it is heated to 350 OC over a catalytic surface that converts CO to CO2 and hydrocarbons
including methane to water and CO2. The air then passes into a column of Purafil (potassium
permanganate on alumina) that oxidizes NO to NO2. Finally, the air passes through a column of
iodated or activated charcoal that removes NO2, SO2, O3, and hydrocarbons. This results in a
pollutant-free air stream.

2.22.0.6 Description of Controls (Model 146C Calibrator)

1. Power - Activates the AC power for the Model 146C Calibrator. When turned on there will
be an audible sound from the internal fan, the power switch light will go on, and the LCD
displays of the flowmeter will be on.

2. LCD flow displays - Anytime you run an event in REMOTE or LOCAL mode, the LCD
will display the zero and gas flow, the output ppm and the active mode the 146C is in
(REMOTE or LOCAL). The NO gas mass flow controller has a range of 0 to 100 SCCM, and
the zero air mass flow controller has a range of 0 to 10 LPM.

3. Pushbuttons - There are eight pushbuttons that are used to engage different modes of
operation for calibrating and GPT’s. The 146C is based on menu-driven software as
illustrated by the flowchart in Figure2.22.0.6.

a) ENTER pushbutton – used to choose a menu item, activate an entry, or toggle on/off
functions. Use this pushbutton to change to the Local or Remote `mode.

b) MENU pushbutton – used to display the main menu and the submenus containing
instrument parameters and features of each main menu item. To return to the previous
displayed menu press this pushbutton.

c) ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓←←←←→→→→ pushbuttons – used to move the cursor up, down, left, or right to a specific menu
item or digit in a setting and to increase or decrease (INC/DEC) the value of a setting in a
menu. Use the ENTER pushbutton to choose or accept a menu item or a value.
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d) RUN – used to display the present or active settings of the 146C in the Run Screen (it tells
where you are at this moment). Also used to cycle through the calibration points and the GPT
options.
Figure 2.22.0.6
Flowchart of Menu-Driven Software for the 146C

4. Description of selected submenus

a) MANUAL SETTINGS – are used to manually control the zero air and gas flows for the GPT
mode. To do a gas phase titration, you must manually duplicate the zero and gas flows in the
span. Use this menu for that purpose. Use the pushbuttons in section 3 above to input the
pertinent information.

b) AUTOMATIC SETTINGS – are used to set flow rates in the Gas Dilution modes to allow
automatic calculation of the output PPM of the dilution of GAS A, B, or C in calibrations.
The operator must input cylinder or tank PPM in the Gas Dilution Screen. Up to five span
levels can be set. Use the pushbuttons in section 3 above to input the pertinent information.

c) SET GPT/GAS A - Activation of this menu item deactivates the other gas modes and causes
the solenoids in the Model 146C to switch the ozone generator into the flow of GAS A (NO)
going into the output manifold. The ozone generator activates. In addition, the solenoid
terminal on the back of the Model 146C labeled ozone becomes active. To perform a gas
phase titration with the 17C, both the ozone and Gas A menu items must be active. Other
gases, GAS B and C, will not react with ozone in the 146C reaction chamber. Note that when
the reaction chamber is in the flow circuit the response at the output manifold is slow
(approximately 5 minutes to >95% of final value).

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d) GAS A DILUTION (ZERO AIR and GAS A Flows)- Activation of this menu item causes the
solenoids in the Model 146C to switch to Gas A into the mass flow controller (MFC) and set
the other flow solenoids for the dilution mode. In addition, the solenoid terminal on the back
of the Model 146C labeled A becomes active. Typical gas and zero flows should always be
15-100% of the flow range of the MFC. In addition, supply at least 2 LPM of total flow to the
146C and at the same time maintain the gas and zero air flow limits of 15-100%. Different
calibration flow gas levels are pre-programmed into the 146C by the ECB.

c) O3 LEVEL - The ozone level can be increased or decreased by using the ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓ pushbuttons while
in the GPT run screen. The ozone level is determined by comparison to an ozone primary
standard. The ozone level is a function of both the potentiometer setting and zero and gas
flows; therefore, changing either will change the ozone level.

2.22.0.7 Calibrator Functions

A. Start-Up
1. Activate the power switch. If only the dilution mode of operation is desired, no warm-
up time is necessary. If the ozone generator is being used, about 15 minutes warm-up
time is required. Note: The ozone forming lamp will not ignite until the ozone
generator is at operating temperature.
2. Set the flow levels and ozone levels using the pushbutton potentiometers as in ECB
section 2.20.1.2.3.11 and 2.20.1.11.10.12. See Section 2.20.1.8 for calibration of the
146C Mass Flow Controllers and 2.22.0.7 section F for computing NO gas levels from
these known flows.
3. Wait for a stable reading from the analyzer being spanned or calibrated. Except for
the gas-phase titration mode, the Model 146C has a response time to better than 95%
of final value of less than 30 seconds which is generally the analyzer time constant
that is the rate determining time constant.
4. Repeat 3 and 4 above for other concentration levels if desired.

B. Standby
There should always be a source of zero-air connected to the Model 146C. Stanby is the
default mode that the 146C will revert to if left undisturbed for one-hour in Local Mode.
To manually put the Model 146C into the standby mode conduct the following step:
1. From the Flow Modes menu choose Standby
2. Press ENTER to accept

C. Shutdown
To shutdown the Model 146C, turn the power switch off.

D. Loss Of Power
If the power switch is left in the “ON” position and a power failure occurs, the Model
146C will turn on, upon resumption of power.

E. Remote Operation
This mode allows the 146C to be controlled by data logger events. Remote operation of
the Model 146C is similar to the manual operation. If the remote device has the
capability and is connected all mode commands that can be performed manually can be
Section 2.22.0
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performed remotely. For NH3 monitoring, when you are in running in Remote Mode, it
means you are either running a zero or a span. All other levels for NH3 monitoring are
activated through the Local Mode. You cannot adjust any settings while in the Remote
mode.

F. Local Mode
This mode takes precedence over the Remote. Local mode allows the operator to control
the data logger via the front panel of the 146C. You should not go to Local Mode unless
you start a Remote event. Note: Going to Local Mode WITHOUT a Remote event
running could damage the instrument. The 146C will interrupt the Local Mode by
switching back to Remote after one-hour. To prevent this, press Run while in Local
Mode to cycle through the options until you are back to the original option - the one you
are running. (For example, if you are running a GPT and go to eat a one-hour lunch
without cycling through the options before you leave or right when you come back, you
will find the 146C no longer running the GPT, but instead running the last Remote event.
This means running the span and GPT all over again).

G. Computation Of Concentrations
The computation of the different output levels for the different modes of operation are as
follows. Note that it is assumed that all devices are properly calibrated and that all flows
are generate a span gas with a concentration of 45 ppb NO, use the following equation
corrected to 25OC and 1 atm in accordance with Section 2.20.1.8. For example, to:

Model 146C Output = FGAS × Conc. Cyl.
FGAS +FZERO
where FGAS = NO gas flow
FZERO = zero air flow
Conc Cyl = concentration of NO or NH3 cylinder gas (Note: NOy cylinder
concentration may be slightly higher as it sometimes contains an NO2 impurity.)

The TEI Model 17C NH3 analyzer blends zero air and NO gas at the dilution ratio of 100:1. The
Model 17C NH3 analyzer has a minimum flow requirement of 2000 SCCM delivery at
atmospheric pressure. Based on a constant zero air flow of 5000 sccm/min, and the NO gas flow
(Fgas), the 146C output becomes approximately 50 sccm based on the 100:1 ratio.

Actual flows of NO, NH3 and zero air are determined from the Protocol NO gas concentration
and from multiplying the LCD readings of the NO and zero air channels by the slope and
intercepts of the corresponding calibration curves. This calculation is done in a microprocessor
housed in the 146C Calibrator. A flow calibration procedure is provided in section 2.20.1.8.1
(ECB).

2.22.0.8 Zero Air Supply Start-up and Operation

1. Close manual valve on output of compressor. Plug in compressor. The pressure in
tank should gradually increase to 80-90 psi. At that point the pump should shut off.
2. Open manual valve. Adjust pressure regulator downstream of coalescing filter to 70
psi. Adjust pressure regulator on Model 111 case for desired pressure (typically 10-
30 psi).
Section 2.22.0
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3. Turn dial on temperature regulator to 350°C. Turn on the Model 111. The internal
cooling fan should start blowing. The light on the temperature controller should go
on.
4. After ½ to 1 hour the LED on the temperature controller should be cycling on and off
indicating that the reactor is up to temperature. The Model 111 is now ready for use.
5. The compressor motor should cycle on and off with the tank pressure being
controlled between 80 and 100 psi.

Section 2.22.1
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2.22.1 ECB RESPONSIBILITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS

Ammonia Monitoring Equipment – High Sensitivity

2.22.1.1 SELECTION AND PROCUREMENT

The ECB shall procure air monitoring equipment and supplies for the Ambient Monitoring Section. Guidelines
for selection and procurement are as follows.

2.22.1.1.1 The most recent EPA Reference or Equivalent method, where applicable, should be reviewed to
determine the makes and models of monitors acceptable for network monitoring. Each monitor used in the
SLAMS systems must be a Reference or Equivalent method (40CFR53 and 40CFR58, Appendix C). Before
purchase of the monitor and associated equipment, the 105grant agreement should be reviewed to determine if
EPA approval is needed to purchase the equipment.

2.22.1.1.2 Other states, local programs, or EPA should be contacted for questions concerning various monitor
performance, upkeep, and problems.

2.22.1.1.3 Since a complete reduced nitrogen monitoring system is made up of various major components,
extreme care must be taken to ensure compatibility for all components.

2.22.1.1.4 Reduced nitrogen monitors and monitor/calibrators must meet or exceed the Reference/Equivalent
requirements in 40CFR53. All reduced nitrogen monitors must have analog outputs of 0 to 1 volt DC and must
operate on 115v AC 60Hz line current. Each unit shall be warranted to perform within the Reference/Equivalent
specifications for at least 90% of the first year after initial field start up.

2.22.1.1.5 Data acquisition field systems must be calibrated to accept a 0 to 1 volt DC input, have an accuracy of
±2.3% of 100% full scale response, and must meet other specifications as necessary.

2.22.1.1.6 The State's purchasing procedures require all equipment requisitions exceeding $10,000 to include
sufficient specifications for competitive bidding. The specifications must be clear, specific and complete. Any
option or special conditions of purchase must be included.

2.20.1.1.7 Within two weeks after receipt of the bids, the Quality Assurance Coordinator and ECB Supervisor
will meet to select a specific instrument.

2.22.1.2 RECEIPT, ASSEMBLY, INITIAL ADJUSTMENT, AND TESTING

The ECB shall conduct operational tests and document the corresponding results on the Operational Test Form
(See Appendix B.2).

2.22.1.2.1 Receipt and Inspection
Upon receipt of the instrument, if there is any obvious damage to the shipping container, notify the carrier
immediately and hold for inspection. Carefully unpack the monitor and its appurtenances. Install the 17C in the
shop on a stable, level surface so that there is easy access to the front and back of the instrument. The contents of
the shipping container should contain the analyzer, instrument power cord, air dryer, ozone scrubber, particulate
filters, and instruction manual.

Section 2.22.1
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2.22.1.2.1.1 Verify that all items listed on the "Receiving Report" are included. Mark each as "received". Items
back-ordered should be marked "B.O.". Missing items should be marked "missing". Sign, date, and return the
Receiving Report to the Branch supervisor after completing 2.22.1.2.1.2. For any missing items, call the vendor
for an explanation.

2.22.1.2.1.2 Read the instructions thoroughly for each model monitor. Visually inspect the exterior of all items
for damage. If there are obvious damages, notify the carrier and hold for inspection.

2.22.1.2.1.3 To inspect the internal chassis of the instrument, unsnap the four hold-down latches and remove the
cover of the instrument to expose the internal components and check for loose circuit boards, for loose wires,
cables, broken components, or other damages. If necessary, contact the manufacturer for assistance.

2.22.1.2.2 Assembly of Model 17C Analyzer

2.22.1.2.2.1 Connect a clean, dry sample line of 1/4" Teflon to the port labeled "Sample" on the rear of the
instrument as in Figure 2.22.1.2.2. The length of the tubing should be held to 10 feet or less, if possible.

2.22.1.2.2.2 Connect the air dryer to the bulkhead labeled "DRY AIR" on the rear of the instrument.

2.22.1.2.2.3 Connect the exhaust port on the rear of the instrument to the external exhaust sample pump then to
the ozone scrubber. Vent to the outside (do not vent into room air). The length of the exhaust line should be 10
feet or less.

2.22.1.2.2.4 With the cover removed, check to see that the Display, Peripheral Interface, Processor, Memory,
Digital/Analog and Counter boards are inserted properly (see if they are tight) into the appropriate connectors.
Caution: When removing or installing the boards, ensure that the main power switch is off.

2.22.1.2.2.5 Insert AC power cord in the connector in rear of control unit and plug into correct AC power surge
suppressor outlet. Connect the data logger and back-up data logger as in Figure 2.22.1.10.1 to the output channels
after adjusting the Digital/Analog board as in section 2.22.1.2.3. Note: All gases should be delivered to the monitor at
atmospheric pressure. An atmospheric vent must be used to accomplish this.

2.21.1.2.2.6 Set the NOx converter temperature controller (Figure 2.22.1.2.2) on the Model 17C to 350OC ± 5OC.

2.22.1.2.2.7 Set the NH3 converter temperature module to 825 OC

Section 2.22.1
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17C Front Panel

Model 17C Front & Rear Panel Displays
Figure 2.22.1.2.2
Section 2.22.1
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2.22.1.2.3 NH3 and NOx Operational Test Calibration
LOGGING IN

2.22.1.2.3.1 The following sequence is used to log onto the PDL and BUDL so that routine
checks and calibrations may be conducted via the data logger.

a) Turn on the screen and printer.
b) Double click on “Shortcut to Spltscrn” icon located on the Windows 95
desktop. The PDL and BUDL Hyperterminal split screen windows appear.

Note: To switch the cursor between the BUDL and PDL windows, press TAB with holding down ALT
(ALT-TAB). When each window is selected, the top bar will be highlighted in blue.

c) ALT-TAB to the BUDL (Back Up Data Logger) window.
d) Press ESC, then type the two letter site code X X and "AQM" (with no spaces), press
enter. This will get you on the backup data logger.

Note: The two letter site code is a specific code for each site, contact the ECB for the two letter site code
if necessary.

e) Press "L" for "Login/set user level", (Note: It will ask for password but you enter the
code), press Enter. Choose "C" (the Configuration Menu). Select "D" to configure
the data channels. Press "M" to Disable/Mark (Down) Channel offline. Select NOx to
select the NOx data and press Enter. Press "M" again and select NH3 and press enter.
Press ESC (slowly) until you reach Home Menu.
f) To display the NOx and NH3 channels, press "D" for Real Time Display and then "B"
to display the Base Average in one minute readings with flags.
g) ALT-TAB to the PDL (Primary Data Logger) window

Note: Press ESC at any time to return to the “>” prompt on the PDL

h) Press Alt "S" and type "E" to turn on printer (The printer will only operate when
the printer buffer is full) or press Alt "T" to capture text to file.
i) On the primary data logger type "!", and enter the 6-character password. At this
point, you may select a number of reports that will provide information about the site
operation. At a minimum, request "D", "Y", "2", and "F".
j) Verify that the 146C Calibrator and the Model 111 Zero Air System is turned on.
k) To down the NOx, NH3 channels, type "#", enter the code, type 05, Press Enter,
08, Press Enter and Enter.

Note: If you lose text while viewing the backup data logger screen, press the scroll lock key to the "ON"
position and press the up arrow or "Page Up" key.

Note: While enabling (upping) or disabling (downing) the NOx and NH3 channels, the scroll
lock key must be in the "OFF" position to select the NOx and NH3 channels.

Note: While in the split screen system the printer will print when:
1) the printer buffer is full.
2) when you exit the split screen system
Section 2.22.1
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2.22.1.2.3.2 Verify that the TEI Model 146C Calibrator’s NOx and NH3 Tank PPM is set to the
same value as the NOx and NH3 concentration of the lab cylinders as follows:

1. While in “Remote” mode, hit the MENU pushbutton on the 146C until you bring up the
Main Menu.
2. From the Main Menu, use the ENTER and ↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑ pushbuttons to select Flow Controls >
Automatic Settings > Gas A Dilution
3. Press ENTER to select or MENU to return to a previous menu if a mistake is made.
4. From Gas A Dilution select the Span 1 Parameter.
5. In the Span 1 Parameter screen, verify that the Tank PPM is set to the same value as
NOX concentration of the on-site cylinder.
6. Hit MENU until you reach the main menu.
7. From the Main Menu, use the ENTER and ↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑ pushbuttons to select Flow Controls >
Automatic Settings > Gas B Dilution
8. Again, check the Span 1 parameter screen in Gas B Dilution, and verify that the NH3
Tank PPM is set to match the on-site NH3 cylinder.

If the Tank PPM values do not match the lab cylinders, change the settings in the Span 1
parameters screen to match the lab cylinders. If the Tank PPM and the NOX / NH3
concentrations of the on-site cylinders match, then proceed to 2.22.1.2.3.3 to begin the zero and
start the unadjusted calibration.

UNADJUSTED NOx/NH3 ZERO

2.22.1.2.3.3 Begin a Zero. Type "C", type the 6-character Access Code, press Enter to
"Activate which events in a sequence?", then type "05" and press Enter for "Activate which
event?". The NOx/NH3 zero should begin. Press Enter when asked "Deactivate which Event".

2.22.1.2.3.4 Press M, and for "view which columns?" type 06 and 08 press Enter. The data
logger will display continuous one minute updates for NOx and NH3 until ESC is pressed.

2.22.1.2.3.5 Recording the NOx/NH3 zero
Allow the Model 17C microprocessor to stabilize for at least 30 minutes, until the zero values
are stable. Average and record five one-minute readings of NH3 and NOx, in “ppb”, from the
Primary and Backup Data Logger windows, into the logbook.
UNADJUSTED NOx SPAN

2.22.1.2.3.6 Start the NOx Span and Clear the Zero Mode.
Press ESC. Type "C"in the PDL, enter the 6-character Access Code, press Enter for "Activate
Which Events in Sequence?" and for "Activate Which Event?", type 06 and press Enter, then
type "05" for "Deactivate which event?", and press Enter. The span should begin and the zero
should stop.

2.22.1.2.3.7 Type "M" and type 06 and 08 and press Enter. After the monitor response has
stabilized, review the next five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark the data logger values
used on the printout.
Section 2.22.1
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2.22.1.2.3.8 To mathematically calculate the actual NO, NOx, Nt, or NH3 concentration (Ca) of
approximately 90 % range of full scale (approximately 45 ppb, 90 ppb or 180 ppb), use the
equations below:

[NO]Ca = [FNO / (FNO + FZERO)] × [(NOstd)]
[NOx]Ca = [FNO / (FNO + FZERO)] × [(NOstd) + (NO2)imp]
[Nt]Ca = [FNO / (FNO + FZERO)] × [(NOstd) + (NO2)imp]
Where: FNO + FZERO = calibrated flows in sccm.
[NO2]imp = NO2 impurity in cylinder (on certification sheet)
[NOstd], [(NH3 std)] = certified NO and NH3 gas concentrations (on cylinders)

Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by 1000. To convert ppm to ppb multiply by 1000.

2.22.1.2.3.9 After 15-20 minutes, verify that the analyzer data logger has stabilized to obtain
a level span trace. Verify that the display shows appropriate NOx concentrations. If not, press
the "RUN" button until the NOx is displayed. Check that NOx are reading the ECB pre-
programmed 146C values and the mathematically calculated NOx span value.

2.22.1.2.3.10 Average and record the last 5 minutes of averaged NO, NOx, Nt readings from the
analyzer front panel and NOx on the primary data logger and backup data logger readings in the
instrument logbook.

UNADJUSTED GAS PHASE TITRATION

2.22.1.2.3.11 From the Gas A Dilution Run screen, record the zero air and gas flow necessary
to produce the Span 1 output ppm.

2.22.1.2.3.12 To do a gas phase titration, you must duplicate the flows in the span. Note the zero
and gas flows of the span point, and set them for the GPT as follows on the 146C:

a. Press Enter to put the 146C in “Local” mode. Hit MENU until you reach the
main menu screen. From main menu, select FLOW CONTROLS and then
MANUAL SETTINGS.

b. In MANUAL SETTINGS, use the ↓↑ to change the ZERO AIR and GAS A
flows to match those annotated in step 2. Press Enter to accept.
Note: Once the flows are set, further adjustments are not necessary unless something changes such
as a gas cylinder or an adjusted calibration is required.

2.22.1.2.3.13 NO2 SPAN (Gas Phase Titration: for bi-weekly converter efficiency
calculation)

After recording the Span 1 Event (including the flows), start the Gas Phase Titration as follows:

1. While the Span 1 Event is still running, do the following:
a. Press ENTER to put the 146C in Local Mode. Note: Going to Local Mode WITHOUT a
Remote event running could damage the 146C.
b. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu.
Section 2.22.1
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c. Select Flow Modes > GPT
d. Change the GPT/GAS X prompt to GPT/GAS A using the ↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑ arrows
e. Press ENTER to accept
f. After the “Saving Parameters” prompt stops flashing, press Run. In the GPT Run
screen, make sure you are at the ↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑ option. If not, then press Run to scroll
through all options (↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑, Levels 2-5, and ZERO) until you arrive at the ↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑ arrow
option. Press ENTER to accept. Note: When there is a question mark (?) next to a setting, it
means that the setting is inactive. If the question mark is removed, then the setting is active or live (the
setting is what you are doing).
g. Note your GPT zero air and GPT gas flows when you’re running the GPT. If the
flows are not exactly equal to the Span 1 zero air and gas flows that you recorded
in 2.22.1.2.3.12, phone the ECB for guidance.

2. Once the GPT is running, use the ↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑ arrows to adjust the O3 LEVEL (percent
ozonation) to 20%, press Enter to accept and allow readings to stabilize. The
stabilized NOX readings should agree with the original NOX span value if the right
amount of NO2 is being converted to NO. Starting from 20% ozonation, slowly
increase the O3 level until the NO readings drop to 10-20% of the span value (e.g. if
the NO span is 90 ppb, increase the percent ozone level slowly until the monitor
stabilizes at an NO reading of approximately 9-18 ppb). Usually, an O3 level set
between 20-30% accomplishes the required NO reduction. Once set, the O3 level will
work with other calibrations unless something changes such as a gas cylinder or an
ozonator lamp.

IMPORTANT: During the GPT, the NO reading must not be allowed to decrease by more than 90% of its
original full scale span value (45 ppb for a 0-50 ppb range or 180 pbb for the 0-200 ppb range) so that
adequate NO is available for the NO/O3 reaction and enough NO remains for accurate NO2 calculations. If
the NO reading drops by more then 90% (e.g. below 4.5 for a NO full scale span of 45 ppb), reduce the
output of the calibrator until an acceptable NO reading is achieved.

2.22.1.2.3.14 Allow approximately 45 to 60 minutes for the NO2 trace to stabilize. Verify the
display is showing NO2 concentration, pressing the "DISP' button to obtain "2". Note: The 146C
will interrupt the current Local Mode by automatically switching back to Remote after one-hour. To prevent this, press
Run while in Local Mode to cycle through the options (↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑, Levels 2-5, and ZERO) until you are back to the original
option (↓↓↓↓↑↑↑↑) - the one you are running or the one without the "?". This will push the one-hour window forward to the
time you cycled through the options.

2.22.1.2.3.15 Calculate and record the resultant NO2 logbook values using the following formula:

[NO2]Ca=[NO]orig-[NO]rem+ D × [NO2]imp

i.e. [NO2]Ca = 180 ppb - 20 ppb + .7 ppb = 160.7 ppb
where: [NO2]Ca = NO2 concentration at the output manifold, ppb
[NO]orig = original NO concentration before titration with O3, ppb
[NO] rem = NO concentration after titration with O3, ppb
[NO2]imp = NO2 impurity in cylinder
NO2 Impurity = NOx -NO values on certification sheets
(i.e., .7 ppm = 11.7 ppm - 11.0 ppm or 700 ppb = 11,700 ppb – 11,000 ppb)
FNO = NO flow rate, sccm
Section 2.22.1
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FZERO= Zero air flow rate, sccm (ozone flow rates included)
D = Dilution ratio, FNO/(FNO+FZERO)

Note: NO2 impurity may be listed as an additional factor in certified Protocol NO gas received from the manufacturer.
If so, this additional NO2 must be included when calculating the total NO2 concentration generated during gas phase
titration. Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by 1000. To convert ppm to ppb multiply by 1000.

2.22.1.2.3.16 After the appropriate time period, look for a stable NO2 trace of about 10 minutes
data logger duration.

2.22.1.2.3.17 Enter 5 minutes of averaged NO, NOx, Nt, and NO2 data logger and Backup data
logger data into the calibration section of the logbook.

2.22.1.2.3.18 Document each point on the computer printout with the pollutant and calculated
concentration for NO, NOx, Nt, and NO2. Complete the NOx and NO2 zero/span page in the
logbook.

2.22.1.2.3.19 Calculate converter efficiency for required biweekly checks as follows:

%C.E. = { [NO2]conv /[NO2]Ca } × 100

Where [NO2]Ca = calculated concentration of NO2
[NO2]conv = [NO2]Ca - ([NOx ]orig - [NOx ]rem)
[NOx ]orig = original concentration of NOx prior to addition of O3, ppb
[NOx ]rem = NOx concentration remaining after addition of O3, ppb

Record converter efficiency in the logbook. If converter efficiency is less than 96%, recheck
calculations, and troubleshoot the instrument. If converter efficiency remains low, contact the
Electronics and Calibration Unit.

2.22.1.2.3.20 When the titration finishes do the following:
a. Press MENU
b. Select Flow Modes
c. From Flow Modes select Gas A Dilution
d. Press Enter
e. After the “Savings Parameters” prompt stops flashing, press Run

The 146C is now set-up to run the calibration points or the precision check. To cycle through the
points press Run, to accept press Enter.
CHECKING THE NOx CALIBRATION POINTS

2.22.1.2.3.21 If the calibration points are not programmed into the 146C, program the 146C
calibrator to output span gas at 50% and 16% dilution as follows:

1. From the Flow Controls menu choose AUTOMATIC SETTINGS.
2. From AUTOMATIC SETTINGS, use ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓ to choose GAS A DILUTION.
3. Press ENTER to select or MENU to return to a previous menu if a mistake is made.
4. Once in GAS A DILUTION, press ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓ to move the cursor to the SPAN1 PPM level.
Section 2.22.1
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5. Select the SPAN 1 level by pressing ENTER.
6. When the SPAN 1 Parameters screen is displayed, use ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓ to choose TANK PPM.
7. In the Tank PPM screen, press ←←←←→→→→ to move the underscore to the digit to be
changed.
8. Use ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓ to increment or decrement the underscored digit until the PPM matches the
concentration of the NO/NOY cylinder at the site.
9. Press ENTER to accept the revised Tank PPM.
10. Press MENU to return to the SPAN 1 Parameters Settings screen.
11. From the SPAN 1 Parameters Settings screen, use ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓ to choose OUTPUT PPM.
12. Press ENTER to select.
13. To change the Output PPM setting: press ←←←←→→→→ to move the underscore to the digit to
be changed. Press ↑↑↑↑↓↓↓↓ to increment or decrement the underscored digit to 90% of the
full-scale range of the 17C [for example, set the Output PPM to 0450.000 PPM (45
PPB) for a range of .05 PPM (50 PPB)].
14. Press ENTER to accept the revised output PPM.
15. Press RUN to return to the Run screen.
16. Repeat steps 6-15 to set the 50% (Span 2), and 16% (Span 3) span levels in
AUTOMATIC SETTINGS, as necessary for calibrations or precision checks.

2.22.1.2.3.22 Generate a NOX calibration / precision point (as required) by pressing:

1. Press Run to scroll through the calibration points (Span 2 and Span 3):
a. Span 2 = 50% full scale / calibration point
b. Span 3 = 16% full scale / precision + calibration point
2. When desired calibration point is displayed on the 146C LCD, press Enter to activate.
3. Allow 10-15 minutes for the readings to stabilize, record and average the last 5 data
values.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 as necessary for the calibration
5. When the calibration is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span 1.
6. Press Enter to accept.
7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu
8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > Press Enter to put the 146C
Local Mode in Standby.
9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in “Remote” Mode, and proceed to
2.22.1.2.3.23 to start the NH3 span.

UNADJUSTED NH3 SPAN

2.22.1.2.3.23 Start the NH3 Span and Clear the NOX span.
Press ESC. Type "C", enter the 6-character Access Code, press Enter for "Activate Which
Events in Sequence?" and for "Activate Which Event?", type 04 and press Enter, then type
"06" for "Deactivate which event?", and press Enter. The NH3 span should begin and the NOx
span should stop.

2.22.1.2.3.24 Type "M" and type 06 and 08 and press Enter.

2.22.1.2.3.25 To mathematically calculate the actual NH3 concentration (Ca) of approximately 90
% of full scale range (approximately 45, 90 or 180 ppb), use the equations below:
Section 2.22.1
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[NH3]Ca = [FNO / (FNO + FZERO)] × [(NH3 std)] × 1000 ppb/ppm
Where: FNO + FZERO = calibrated flows in sccm.
[(NH3 std)] = certified NH3 gas concentrations (on cylinder)
Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by 1000.

2.22.1.2.3.26 Wait approximately 90 minutes until the analyzer data logger has stabilized to
obtain a level span trace. Verify that the display shows appropriate NH3 concentrations. If not,
press the RUN button until the NH3 is displayed. Check that the NH3 is reading the ECB pre-
programmed 146C values and the mathematically calculated NH3 span value.

2.22.1.2.3.27 Wait approximately 90 minutes until the monitor response has stabilized; average
and record the next five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark the data logger values used
on the printout.

CHECKING THE NH3 CALIBRATION POINTS
2.22.1.2.3.28 Program the Gas B Dilution Span levels of 90, 50, and 16 percent following the
procedures in 2.22.1.2.3.21

2.22.1.2.3.29 Generate a NH3 calibration / precision point (as required) by pressing:

1. Press Run to scroll through the calibration points (Span 2 and Span 3):
a. Span 2 = 50% full scale / calibration point
b. Span 3 = 16% full scale / precision + calibration point
2. When desired calibration point is displayed on the 146C LCD, press Enter to activate.
3. Allow 10-15 minutes for the readings to stabilize, record and average the last 5 data
values.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 as necessary for the calibration
5. When the calibration is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span 1.
6. Press Enter to accept.
7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu
8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > Press Enter to put the 146C
Local Mode in Standby.
9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in “Remote” Mode, and proceed to
2.22.1.2.3.24 to stop remote events.
10. Deactivate the NH3 span

2.22.1.2.4 ZERO/SPAN RECHECK

Zero/span rechecks are performed after the analyzer is calibrated to ensure that the monitoring
system is operating properly and that the calibration is holding within required limits.

1. After the initial calibration a 24 hour zero/span is performed. Repeat Section 2.22.1.2.4.1- 1
through 6 to ensure the analyzer meets the zero/span drift requirements for the 24-hour check.
The zero drift should be negligible and span drift for NOx and NH3 cannot exceed ± 1% full
scale from the previous day's testing. Record the results on the Calibration Test form.

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2. Make no adjustments but recheck the zero/span responses after a total of 72 hours from the
original calibration. If the zero is within ± 1 ppb of the original zero and the span is within ± 1
ppb of the original span, record the responses on the Calibration Test form. IF the zero/span is
not within these ranges after 72 hours, recheck the photomultiplier tube (PMT) as necessary.
Troubleshoot the monitor according to section M. If the analyzer is still not within range,
contact the manufacturer.

3. Verify the instrument passed all tests and forward the Calibration Test Form, and the initial
Calibration form to the Air Quality ECB Supervisor. The Supervisor will copy and send the
original information to QA Headquarters for review and acceptance of the monitor. Upon
review and acceptance of the Operational Test information QA Headquarters will notify the
Supervisor that the monitor is approved for field use.

2.22.1.3 INVENTORY

Upon approval of the tested unit, it shall be added to the fixed asset system. For each monitor,
apply an inventory decal and complete an inventory load sheet showing the planned monitor
location. Submit the inventory load sheet to the Branch supervisor.

2.22.1.4 PREVENTATIVE AND ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

2.22.1.4.1 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

Caution: All Power should be turned off on the instrument before any electrical maintenance is performed

A. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CAPILLARIES (ECB ONLY)

Converter Module

The following procedure should be performed every three months.

1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord.
2. Remove the cover of the converter module.
3. Locate the heated capillary holder (see Figure 7-3).
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4. Remove the Cajon fitting(s) from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench.
5. Remove the glass capillary(s) (part no. 4121) and O-ring (part no. 4800). Inspect O-ring
for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace.
6. Check capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary.
7. Replace capillary in holder, making sure the O-ring is around the capillary before inserting
it into the body.
8. Replace Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand tight.
9. Re-install the instrument cover.

Analyzer Module

The following procedure should be performed on a three month basis:

1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord.
2. Remove the instrument cover.
3 Locate the reaction chamber/capillary holder (see Figure 7-3).
4. Remove the Cajon fittings from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench.
5. Remove the glass capillaries (P/N 4121) and O-rings (P/N 4800). Inspect 0rings for cuts
or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace.
6. Check the capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary.
7. Replace the capillary in the reaction chamber body, making sure the O-ring is around the
capillary before inserting it into the body.
8. Replace the Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand
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tight.
9. Re-install the instrument cover.

B. DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER TEST
The digital to analog converter test is used to fully test the analog outputs. It is normally
performed only when a problem with the analog outputs is suspected. From the Main
Menu choose Diagnostics. From the Diagnostics menu choose Test Analog Outputs.
From the Test Analog Output menu choose Ramp. The analog outputs start at -2.3% (-
23) and then increment by one every second until it reaches 100.0% (1000). A linear
output indicates that the analog outputs are operating correctly.

C. INSPECTION AND CLEANING OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLER FINS
The cooler fins on the photomultiplier tube (PMT) cooler should be inspected and
cleaned every six month. This ensures optimum performance.

1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord.
2. Remove the instrument cover.
3. Locate the PMT cooler (Figure 7-2).
4. Blow off the cooler fins using clean pressurized air. It may be more convenient
to vacuum the cooler fins. In either case, make sure that any particulate
accumulation between the fins has been removed.
5. If necessary, use a small brush to remove residual particulate accumulation.
6. Replace the instrument cover.

2.22.1.4.2 CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE
The following are step-by-step procedures to be used to replace the subassembly modules in the
Model 17C. [See maintenance manual for figures and illustrations.]

Caution: All Power should be turned off on the instrument before any electrical maintenance is performed.

A. REBUILDING PUMP (ECB ONLY) [See Figure 7-4]
Equipment Required:
Pump Repair Kit (Part No. 9464)
Allen Wrench - 3 mm, 4 mm
Wrench - 9/16'
Needlenose Pliers

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Remove the eight socket head screws and washers holding the top metal plate
of the pump head (use a 3 mm Allen wrench). IMPORTANT: Note the orientation
of the plate for reassembly later on.
4. Discard old Teflon gasket.

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Section 2.22.1
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Section 2.22.1
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5. Remove main body of pump head by removing four socket head screws (use 4
mm Allen wrench). IMPORTANT: Note the correct orientation of the head so as to
reassemble it correctly.
6. To remove Teflon diaphragm, loosen and remove the clamping disk by
using the tips of blunt needlenose pliers in the dimples of the clamping disk.
7. Discard old Teflon diaphragm.
8. Insert clamping disk into new Teflon diaphragm (consisting of three pieces)
and screw clamping disk back into pump head. Do not over-tighten.
9. To remove flapper valve(s), loosen and remove screw and nut holding the
flapper valves in place. Replace the old flapper with the new flapper being
sure that the flappers are lying completely flat and straight. Be sure the screw
head and not the washer is on the smooth side of the pump head.
10. Replace main body of the pump with four socket head screws being sure to
use correct orientation as noted in step 5.
11. Place Teflon gasket over main body of pump head. There is only one
position that this gasket can be placed so that all eight screw holes in the
pump head line up with the holes in the gasket.
12. Replace top plate of pump head with the eight socket head screws and
washers being sure the Teflon gasket stays in place.

B. PHOTOMULTIPLIER COOLER REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY) [See Figure 7-5]
Equipment Required:
Wrench - 7/16'
Wrench - 9/16'
Nutdriver - 1/4'

This procedure is easier if the converter is removed as described in "Converter
Removal" later in this chapter.

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Disconnect all connectors from temperature control board.
4. Remove plumbing connections to reaction chamber.
5. Unplug signal cable to Input Board, high voltage cable to PMT power supply, and
four-pin connector to J7 on DC Power Supply Board. Pull cables through divider
panel.
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6. Remove four screws holding cooler to floor plate.
7. Lift cooler assembly (with reaction chamber) up and slide forward to remove.
8. Install new cooler by following above procedure in reverse.
9. Re-install the instrument cover.

C. REPLACEMENT OF PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE [See Figure 7-6]
Equipment Required:
PMT (Part No. 9925) and/or PMT base (Part No. 9926)
Nutdriver - 1/4'
Nutdriver - 5/16'

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Disconnect the high voltage cable to the PMT power supply and unplug the signal
cable to the Input Board.
4. Remove six external #6 screws holding right panel to instrument frame. Remove
right rear panel. Note that the cooler fan is attached and if necessary the fan power
cord should be unplugged.
5. Pull high voltage and signal cables attached to PMT base through divider panel.
6. Remove the three retaining screws holding PMT base to cooler using 5116'
nutdriver.
7. Withdraw PMT and PMT base from cooler assembly. A slight back and forth
twisting motion facilitates this procedure.
8. To install PMT, follow above procedure in reverse making sure to backfill the cooler
with dry air or nitrogen prior to replacing the PMT.
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9. Re-install the instrument cover.

D. REACTION CHAMBER CLEANING AND/OR REMOVAL (ECB ONLY)
[See Figure 7-6]
Equipment Required:
Allen Wrench - 9/64'
Wrench - 7/16'
Wrench - 9/16'

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Remove PMT cooler as described in "Photomultiplier Cooler Replacement" above.
Note that if the NO2-to-NO converter is removed first, as “NO2-to-NO Converter
Removal" below, the reaction chamber can be removed without removing the entire
PMT cooler.
4 . Disconnect the 1/8' line at the mixing tee on the back portion of the reaction
chamber. This line is connected to the left 1/8" elbow at the bottom of the front
portion of the reaction chamber.
5 . Disconnect 1/4" fitting from the exhaust elbow on the front portion of the reaction
chamber.
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6. Disconnect 1/8' fitting from right 1/8' elbow at the bottom of the front portion of the
reaction chamber.
7. Disconnect four-pin connector from temperature control board.
8. Remove the three socket head screws holding front portion of reaction chamber to
back portion. This exposes the inner surfaces of both portions of the reaction
chamber and the quartz window. To clean these surfaces use cotton swabs and
methanol.
9. To continue removing back portion of reaction chamber remove the three socket
head screws holding it to cooler, being careful to keep quartz window and red filter
in cooler body.
10. To re-install reaction chamber, follow above procedures in reverse, making sure to
backfill the cooler with dry air or nitrogen prior to installing reaction chamber.
11. Re-install the instrument cover.

E. CONVERTER REMOVAL (ECB ONLY) [See Figures 7-7 and 7-8]
Equipment Required:
Wrench - 7/16'
Wrench - 9/16'
Wrench - 1/2'
Wrench - 5/8'
Screwdriver
Nutdriver - 1/4'
Nutdriver - 5/16'

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Allow converter to cool to room temperature to prevent contact with heated
components.
4. Disconnect plumbing at inlet and exit of converter.
5. Disconnect thermocouple leads and heater connector from Temperature Control
Board.
6. Remove four screws holding converter housing to floor plate.
7. Remove six screws holding top half of converter housing to bottom half.
8. Remove converter cartridge/heater assembly from bottom converter half.
9. Loosen heater clamp, pry heater apart no wider than necessary and remove
converter cartridge, noting proper orientation of heater wires and thermocouple
probe.
10. To replace converter, follow above procedure in reverse.
11. Re-install the instrument cover.
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Section 2.22.1
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F. Nt CONVERTER( MODULE)
Equipment Required:
Wrench - 7/16'
Wrench - 9/16"
Wrench - 1/2'
Wrench - 5/8'
Screwdriver
Nutdriver - 1/4'
Nutdriver - 5/16'

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Allow converter to cool to room temperature to prevent contact with heated
components.
4. Loosen and remove the hose clamp holding thermocouple probe and converter exit
plumbing together.
5. Disconnect plumbing at inlet and exit of converter.
6. Disconnect thermocouple leads and heater connector from Temperature Control
Board.
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6. Remove four screws holding converter housing to floor plate.
7. Remove six screws holding top half of converter housing to bottom half.
8. Remove converter cartridge from bottom converter half by sliding through ceramic
heater.
10. To replace converter, follow above procedure in reverse.

G. SOLENOID VALVE REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Solenoid Valve (Part No. 8119)
Wrench - 5/16'

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Disconnect solenoid from DC Power Supply Board.
4. Remove Teflon plumbing at solenoid.
5. Pull solenoid valve from the mounting clip.
6. To replace solenoid, follow above procedure in reverse.
7. Re-install the instrument cover.

H. OZONATOR REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Ozonator Assembly (Part No. 9973)
Wrench - 5/8'
Nutdriver - 1/4"

1 . Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Carefully disconnect the plumbing at the glass inlet and outlet of the ozonator.
4. Remove the two screws holding the ozonator to the divider panel.
5. Unplug the ozonator from the ozonator transformer by lifting the ozonator UP-
6. To install the ozonator, follow the above procedure in reverse.
7. Re-install the instrument cover.

I. REPLACEMENT OF OZONE TRANSFORMER (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Ozonator Transformer (Part No. 9974)
Nutdriver - 1/4"

1 . Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Remove the ozonator assembly as described above.
4. Disconnect the plug from the ozone transformer to the ozone supply board.
5. Remove the four screws holding transformer to the divider plate.
6. To install, follow the above procedure in reverse.
7. Re-install the instrument cover.

J. REMOVAL OF INPUT BOARD (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Nutdriver - 1/4'
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1 - Wear an antistatic wrist strap.
2 . Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3 . Disconnect the signal and the ribbon cables.
4. Remove the three screws holding the Input Board cover to the divider panel.
5. Disconnect jumper wire from BNC connector to the IN pin on the Input Board.
6. Remove the four screws holding the board to the divider panel.
7. Install by following the above procedure in reverse.
8. Re-install the instrument cover.

K. REMOVAL OF HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY (ECB ONLY)
1) Unplug high voltage supply from D.C. power supply and PMT base
2) Remove converter assembly as described in section E.4 above.
3) Remove four screws holding H.V. supply to divider panel.
4) Install by following above procedure in reverse.

L. D.C. POWER SUPPLY REPLACEMENT (ECB ONLY)
1) Disconnect all plug-in connections from board.
2) Remove screws holding board to chassis and remove board.
3) Install by following above in reverse. Care should be taken to insure the voltage
regulators fit into the plugs on the bottom of the board.

M. AMMONIA SCRUBBER REPLACEMENT

Equipment Required:
Wrench - 5/8'
Wrench - 1/2"
Nut Driver - 5/16"
Screwdriver

NOTE: There are three ammonia (NH3) scrubbers used in the Model 17C. Two are located in the
converter module, and one in the analyzer module.

1. Identify and locate scrubber assembly to be replaced.
2. Disconnect plumbing at both inlet and outlet of scrubber assembly. The
disconnection(s) should be made at the Teflon21 fittings at the inlet and outlet and the
Teflon 1/8" or 1/4' nuts should be saved.
3. Loosen cable clamps holding scrubber either to floor plate or divider panel and
remove.
4. Install by following above procedure in reverse. Note that if necessary, the Teflon
fittings on the old scrubber assembly can be reused with the new scrubber.

N. PMT HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY ADJUSTMENT

Use the following procedure to adjust the PMT High Voltage Power Supply after
switching from standard to extended ranges or vice versa. This procedure should only be
performed by an instrument service technician.

Section 2.22.1
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CAUTION: Some internal components can be damaged by small amounts of static electricity. A
properly grounded antistatic wrist strap must be worn while handling any internal component.

1. Wear an antistatic wrist strap that is properly connected to earth ground.
2. Remove the instrument cover.
3. Set option switch 7 on for extended ranges, or off for standard ranges.
4. Select new NO, NO2, and NOx ranges.
5. Set background factors NO, NOx and Nt to 0.0. Set NH3 span coefficients NO COEF,
NOx COEF, and Nt COEF to 1.000.
6. Set the averaging time to 10 seconds.
7. Allow the instrument to sample NO calibration gas until a stable reading is obtained.
8. Adjust the PMT High Voltage Power Supply potentiometer (this is the potentiometer
located on the top of the PMT High Voltage Power Supply) so that the instrument
reads the calibration gas.
9. Perform an instrument calibration. For more information about calibration, see
Chapter 4, "Calibration."
10. Re-install the instrument cover.

Calibration Equipment and Standards

2.22.1.5 EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND PROCUREMENT
The Electronics and Calibration Unit (ECB) shall procure air monitoring equipment and supplies
for the Ambient Monitoring Section. Guidelines for selection and procurement are as follows.

2.22.1.5.1 Extreme care must be taken to ensure compatibility for all components. Flow rates
and concentration outputs must meet the requirements of the monitor.

2.22.1.5.2 Each unit shall be warranted to perform within the purchase specifications for the
first year after initial in-field start-up.

2.22.1.5.3 All calibrators must operate on ll5V AC 60Hz line current.

2.22.1.5.4 The State's purchasing procedures require all equipment requisitions exceeding
$10,000 to include sufficient specifications for competitive bidding. The specifications must be
clear, specific, and complete. Any options or special conditions of purchase must be included.

2.22.1.6 INITIAL START-UP

The ECB shall conduct and document the results of each operational test.

2.22.1.6.1 Receipt and Inspection
Thermo Environmental's Model 146C Multigas Calibrator and Model 111 zero air supply system
(including air compressor) are shipped in separate containers. If upon receipt of the calibrator
and zero air supply, there is obvious damage to any of the shipping containers, notify Thermo
Environmental and the carrier immediately.

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2.22.1.6.1.1 In addition to the basic calibrator and the zero air supply system you will find the
instruction manuals included within the shipping containers. Read the instruction manuals
thoroughly.

2.22.1.6.1.2 To unpack the Model 146C and the Model 111, follow the procedures below.

2.22.1.6.1.3 Remove the Model 146C and the Model 111 from the shipping containers and set
them on a table or bench that allows easy access to the front and rear of the instruments.

2.22.1.6.1.4 Remove the Model 146C instrument cover by snapping open the four hold-down
latches and then lift the cover free of the chassis to expose internal components.

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Figure 2.22.2.2
Model 146C Front and Rear Panel Display

2.22.1.6.1.5 Remove the Model 111 cover from the main frame of the unit exposing the internal
components of the instrument. Check for possible damage that may have occurred during
shipment. Re-install the cover.

2.22.1.6.1.6 Remove compressor from shipping container. Unbolt from pallet. Identify
coalescing filter and pressure regulator. Check for possible damage during shipment.

2.22.1.6.1.7 Verify that all items listed on the "Receiving Report" are included. Mark each as
"received". Items back-ordered should be marked "B.0." Missing items should be marked
"missing". Sign, date, and return the Receiving Report to the unit supervisor after completing
Section 2.22.1.6.

2.22.1.6.2 Calibrator and Zero Air Supply Installation

2.22.1.6.2.1 Place the Model 146C Calibrator within 2 meters of the Model 111 air supply. See
Figure 2.22.1.10.2 for a diagram of the calibration system connections.

2.22.1.6.2.2 Connect a source of zero-air to the inlet port labeled zero-air. The zero-air source
should be capable of supplying at least 10 or 20 LPM of zero-air at a pressure in excess of 10 psi
if a 10 or 20 LPM mass flow controller has been installed.

2.22.1.6.2.3 Connect the standard NO gas cylinder to the port labeled A. The NO gas is
connected to port A since the gas flow scheme only includes the reaction chamber necessary for
gas phase titration, when the NO gas is activated.

2.22.1.6.2.4 Remote Interconnection
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Mode change - The mode of operation of the Model 146C is changed manually by use of the
pushbutton on the front panel. For remote operation, the pushbutton operation such as flow
modes, ozone levels, and gas settings can be simulated by contact closure or TTL logic via the
rear panel I/O (DB25) connector. The terminal contacts (of middle connector) are
PIN OUT
(1) Ground (13) NC
(2) NC (14) Ground
(3) Input-Ozone/Gas Levels (15) Input-Ozone/Gas Levels
(4) Input-Oven (16) Input-Ozone/Gas Levels
(5) Input-Flow Mode (17) Input-flow Mode
(6) Ground (18) Input-Flow Mode
(7) Relay Common (19) Ground
(8) Output-General Alarm (20) Relay Common
(9) Output-Ozone/Gas Levels (21) Output-Ozone/Gas Levels
(10) Output-Oven (22) Output-Ozone/Gas Levels
(11) Output-Flow Mode (23) Output-Flow Mode
(12) Relay Common (24) Output-Flow Mode
(25) Relay Common
2.22.1.6.2.5 For assembly of the zero air supply, connect coalescing filter and pressure regulator
to output of compressor. Using 1/4" teflon tubing, connect the pressure regulator outlet to the
Model 111 input. Using 1/4" teflon tubing, connect the outlet of the Model 111 to the device
requiring "zero-air" under pressure. If the compressor's power cord has not been installed at the
factory, remove the controller's cover on the compressor. Connect power cord to screw terminals
provided. Be sure to connect ground wire as well as line and common. Replace cover. If
optional auto drain is being used, remove stop-cock on bottom of tank and install auto drain.
Plug the AC line cord into an appropriate a power source. Check the voltage and verify before
connecting to the power. For 220 VAC operation a step down transformer is installed internally
in the Model 111's case. The compressor is operated directly off the line voltage. Check plate on
the pump motor to ascertain voltage and frequency prior to plugging in compressor.

2.22.1.7 INVENTORY

Upon approval of the tested calibrator, the unit shall be added to the fixed asset system. For each
calibrator, apply an inventory decal and complete an inventory load sheet showing the planned
calibration location. Submit the inventory load sheet to the unit supervisor.

2.22.1.8 CALIBRATION OF TEI 146C NH3 CALIBRATOR (ECB ONLY)

2.22.1.8.1 0 to 10 LPM TEI 146C Mass Flow Controller Calibration Procedure with NIST
Traceable Primary Flow Standard (BIOS Dry Cal DC L20K Flow Calibrator)

Always leak check the 146C as in Section 2.22.1.9.1, before you proceed with calibrating it.
For calibration of the 10.0 LPM mass flow controller (i.e., zero air channel), a BIOS Dry Cal DC
L20K Flow Calibrator is used display. The following provides a step-by-step procedure for
calibrating the zero air channel of the 146C calibrator.
Section 2.22.1
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1. Wait one hour for the 146C unit to stabilize. Note: Always leak check the 146C as in Section
2.22.1.9.1, before you proceed with calibrating it.

2. When calibrating the zero air mass flow controller (MFC), open the Avg410LPM
spreadsheet in the laptop computer by clicking on its icon. Fill out the information
requested in red. Save the spreadsheet with the following format for its filename: 146c
Calibrator#air or gas date . For example, a 0-10LPM zero air MFC
calibration conducted on calibrator 74 on 23 April 2001 would be saved as the filename:
146c74air010423. Note the date format is yymmdd. When calibrating the gas
MFC, open the Avg4GAS spreadsheet and save it with the above format.

3. Make sure the Model 146C Service Mode is turned “ON” (Main
Menu→→→→Service→→→→Service Mode→→→→ENTER). The 146C can only be calibrated with the
Service Mode in the ON position.

4. After turning on the Service Mode, return to the Main Menu. Select the Service Menu
and then select Calibrate ZERO FLOW from the Service Menu. Choose the pre-
programmed 100% full scale point in Calibrate ZERO FLOW by scrolling with the ↑↓
arrows. Press ENTER to select.

5. Connect the air supply to the ZERO AIR inlet on the rear of the 146C; connect the DC
L20K Dry Cal to the OUTPUT port on the rear of the 146C. If already connected go to
step 8. Push the “ON” button on the Dry-Cal to turn it on.

6. Turn on the air supply and adjust pressure of the zero air supply to 30 psi.

7. Once a flow is established, cap the Vent, and Gas A, B and C ports on the 146C. Wait 5
(five) minutes for the flow to stabilize.

8. Record the ambient pressure and temperature from a barometer and thermometer and
insert them in the appropriate cells on the spreadsheet. Enter the Initial Standard Flow
(from the 146C front panel display) for the 100% point (or whatever point you are
running) into the spreadsheet.

9. After the flow stabilizes, start the automatic averaging mode on the Dry-Cal DC L20K by
pushing the “READ” button. The automatic averaging mode will start. Monitor the
display of the Dry-Cal DC L20K during the automatic averaging. At flow reading #10,
record the Dry-Cal DC L20K flow calibrator's average of the 10 readings in the first row
of the "Flow Read" column of the spreadsheet. Obtain 3 more Dry-Cal averages similar
to the first and insert them in the Flow Read column and obtain the AVG. F.R (Average
Flow Reading).

10. Verify that all flow readings are within 1% of the Average Flow Reading (AVG. F.R.). If
not, then keep getting Dry Cal averages (rerun the point) until the flow readings are
within 1% of AVG. F.R and the entire USABLE POINT column in the spreadsheet reads
YES.

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11. Set the standard flow in the 146C to the Corrected Flow (AVG. F.R.) calculated by the
spreadsheet by using the ↑↓ arrows. Press ENTER to select.

12. Repeat steps 3-11 for each of four additional points: 80%, 60%, 40%, and 15%.
Remember to wait at least three minutes for the MFC to stabilize at each point.

2.22.1.8.2 0 - 100 sccm Mass Flow Controller Calibration with a Dry Cal DC L500.

To calibrate the 0-100sccm gas MFC, follow the procedure in 2.22.1.8.1. However, make the
following changes: (i) use a BIOS Dry-Cal DC L500 Flow Calibrator; (ii) in step 5, connect the
pressurized air to GAS A instead of the ZERO AIR inlet; (iii) in step 7, cap off the VENT, ZERO
AIR and the GAS B and C manifolds on the rear of the 146C. The rest of the procedure remains
the same. When certified, the calibrator will have a tag reading:

146C SN_____________________
Date Certified______________
Date Expires________________
Tech________________________

2.22.1.9 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

The following section describes the step-by-step adjustment and replacement procedures for the
Model 146C and the Model 111 zero air supply. Fault location and the need for service
adjustments are accomplished in the troubleshooting guide in Appendix K. This section assumes
that the subassembly has been identified and needs service or replacement.

2.22.1.9.1 Leak Checking the 146C (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Teflon caps - 1/4" and 1/8"
1. Turn on the power to the 146C. Let the 146C unit stabilize for 24 hours.
2. Press ENTER to put 146C in Local Mode.
3. Goto Main Menu→→→→Flow Controls→→→→Manual Settings→→→→Zero Air. Set Zero Air to 50%
of the Mass Flow Controller (MFC) full scale. Press ENTER to accept (the “?” beside the
2nd line should go away). Wait until the “Saving Parameters” prompt stops flashing.
4. Goto Main Menu→→→→Flow Modes→→→→Gas A Dilution. Press ENTER to accept. Press Run
to start Gas A Dilution. Press Run again to cycle the span indicator to the MAN level.
Press ENTER to accept.
5. Leak check Zero Air with Gas A Dilution on. Hook the zero air supply to the zero air
inlet manifold on the rear of the 146C making sure the zero air supply is set to deliver air
at 8 psi or less. Caution: Failure to reduce pressure to below 8 PSI when output is capped can cause
damage to the Model 146C.
6. Wait to establish flow through the 146C at reduced pressure. Once flow is established,
cap both output fittings of the manifold (labeled "VENT" and "OUTPUT"). Pressure will
go up somewhat when "OUTPUT" is capped. Caution: Failure to reduce pressure to below 8 PSI
when output is capped can cause damage to the Model 146C.
7. Zero air-flow should gradually decrease to 2% of MFC full scale if no leak is present.
When the flow stops, take off the "VENT" plug to release pressure
8. Leak check GAS A by switching the zero air line to the GAS A inlet and capping the zero
air inlet making sure the zero air supply is set to deliver air at 8 psi or less. Set flow for
Section 2.22.1
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80-90% of the MFC full scale as in 3. Caution: - Failure to reduce pressure to below 8 PSI when
output is capped can cause damage to the Model 146C.
9. Establish flow through the analyzer again. Once the flow develops cap the "VENT" to
stop the flow.
10. The gas flow should gradually decrease to a reading less then 2% of MFC full scale if no
leak is present. Since the sum of the volumes of the mixing and reaction chamber is
about 1/3 liter, it will typically take a few minutes for the flow to go to zero in a leak-free
system.
11. If no leak is found, turn off the zero air and remove caps on manifold.
12. If the system is found to have a leak, the location can easily be found by following a
systematic approach. For the Model 146C, a systematic approach starting at the mass
flow controllers and capping-off more and more of the system, seems to work the best. It
has also been found to be helpful to leak check the reaction and mixing chambers
independently. This is most readily accomplished by connecting these chambers directly
to the low flow mass flow controller and capping the outlet of the chamber.

2.22.1.9.2 Solenoid Replacement (ECB ONLY)
There are four (4) different solenoids used on the Model 146C. The following instructions cover
all cases.
Equipment Required:
Solenoid (For Part No. see 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 below)
Open end wrench - 5/8", 9/16"
Nut driver - 1/4"
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Unplug defective solenoid from cable connecting to logic board.
3. Disconnect all teflon lines from defective solenoid.
4. Gas solenoid on rear panel.
a) Loosen and remove nut holding defective solenoid onto rear panel. Remove solenoid.
b) Remove fittings from solenoid.
c) Install fittings into new solenoid in same manner as they were removed.
d) Install new solenoid in reverse manner.
5. Zero air solenoid.
a) Loosen all fittings holding solenoid.
b) Remove four screws holding flowmeter bracket onto floor plate.
c) Move flow meter bracket forward to loosen solenoid.
d) Remove solenoid.
e) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
6. Ozone solenoid.
a) Loosen and remove bracket holding ozone solenoid onto divider panel.
b) Remove ozonator assembly (see 2.22.1.9.4 below).
c) Remove ozonator solenoid from ozonator.
d) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
7. Bypass solenoid.
a) Remove flowmeter bracket.
b) Remove solenoid from flowmeter bracket.
c) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
8. After replacement of any solenoid, leak check following Section 2.22.1.9.1 above.

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2.22.1.9.3 Logic Board Replacement (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Nut driver - 1/4", 5/16"
New logic board (Part No. 8179)
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Unplug all cables to Logic Board.
3. Remove Logic Board - sheet metal assembly by removing two (2) nuts and two (2)
screws holding assembly onto chassis.
4. Unplug DVM and potentiometer cables from Logic Board.
5. Remove Logic Board from sheet metal by removing five (5) screws holding Logic Board.
6. Install new Logic Board by following the above directions in reverse.

2.22.1.9.4 Ozonator Power Supply Replacement (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
New ozonator power supply
Screw driver
Nut driver - 1/4"
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Unplug lamp, heater and cable to main power supply.
3. Remove seven (7) screws holding ozonator power supply board to bracket and remove
board with a gently, but firm upwards pull.
4. Check that transformer is wired for proper voltage.
5. If regulators are being replaced make sure orientation is correct. Compare to PC board.
6. Install new ozonator power supply by following the above procedure in reverse. Care
should be exercised to assure that the voltage regulators fit into the plugs or the board.

2.22.1.9.5 Ozonator Lamp Replacement (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Replacement lamp (P/N #8645)
Allen wrench - 7/64"
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Unplug lamp from ozonator power supply.
3. Slide insulation off the lamp handle onto the lamp cord.
4. Loosen both Allen screws holding down lamp clamp.
5. Carefully slide lamp out of ozonator housing.
6. Slide insulation off of old lamp and slide onto new lamp.
7. Carefully slide new lamp into ozonator housing until it bottoms. Pull lamp out approximately
1/16" to allow for expansion, when the lamp warms up tighten Allen screw.
8. Plug lamp into ozonator power supply, replace cover, and reconnect power.

2.22.1.9.6 Ozonator Heater Replacement (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
New heater (P/N #8593)
Allen wrench - 7/64"
Screw driver
Heat conductive compound
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Unplug heater from ozonator power supply.
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3. Remove top flange of ozonator housing.
4. Remove ozonator heater block from ozonator by removing four (4) Allen screws.
5. Coat new heater block with a thin film of heat conductive compound.
6. Install new ozonator heater block by following the above procedure in reverse.

2.22.1.9.7 Mass Flow Controller Replacement (ECB ONLY)
Equipment Required:
Nut driver - 1/4", 5/16"
New mass flow controller for 10 LPM (P/N #8129)
New mass flow controller for 100 SCCM (P/N #8128)
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Loosen all four (4) fittings to mass flow controllers and three (3) fittings from bypass solenoid.
3. Remove four (4) screws holding flow controller bracket to chassis.
4. Remove flow controller assembly.
5. Remove defective flow controller from bracket by removing the two (2) screws holding flow
controller to bracket.
6. Install new flow controller by following the above directions in reverse.
7. Leak check system.

2.22.1.9.8 Replacement of DVM
Equipment Required:
Nut driver - 1/4"
DVM - P/N #8156
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Unplug cable from DVM to logic board.
3. Loosen four (4) nuts holding DVM to front panel and remove defective DVM.
4. Install new DVM in reverse order.

2.22.1.9.9 Maintenance of Model 111 Zero Air Supply System
Thermo Environmental's Model 111 Zero Air Supply System has been designed with ease of
maintenance as an important criterion. Components and sub-assemblies have been selected for
high performance, excellent stability and long life. The exact life times of the scrubbing material
is hard to predict. It is dependent upon flow, pressure, and level of contaminate. For most
applications the following recommendations should be followed:

A. WEEKLY: If optional automatic drain valve is not installed, open stop-cock on
bottom of tank and drain water.

MONTHLY: Check the condition of the Purafil. Fresh Purafil is purple. It becomes
brown when it is used up. Replace when the purple color represents less than 20% of the
volume. To replace, turn off power and unplug. Wait until reactor cools down. Remove
the cartridge holding the Purafil. Unscrew cap, dump out used Purafil in a garbage bag
and discard in the trash bin. Replace with fresh Purafil. Screw on cover and replace
cartridge.

YEARLY: Replace the charcoal. The procedure is the same as replacing Purafil,
outlined in 1 above.

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B. PUMP: When it is observed that the pump is having difficulty keeping the pressure,
rebuild the pump. The directions are given on the pump data sheet included in Section
2.22.1.4.2 A. Call ECB for replacement.

Field Activities and Data Handling

2.22.1.10 ON-SITE INSTALLATION

After the regional office has obtained a site by permission from the site owner, and after the site
has been approved by the Network Coordinator and EPA, the Electronics and Calibration Branch
(ECB) will install the monitor and its appurtenances. Electrical power should be secured by the
regional office, including new wiring, etc., prior to the installation of the monitor equipment. The
approved site location must meet the applicable site requirements of all of Section 2.2 of this QA
program.

2.22.1.10.1 The monitor must be installed in a building where the room temperature extremes do
not fall below 20ºC (68ºF ) or exceed 30º C (86ºF). The location must be generally unavailable to
the public.
2.22.1.10.2 The sampling probe and lines must be either borosilicate glass, stainless steel, or FEP
Teflon, must be clean, and must have a sample residence time of less than 20 seconds and be held
to a length of 10 feet or less if possible. The inlet line should be wrapped with removable
polyurethane foam in order to prevent condensation. In extreme cases, heat tape may be used.

WARNING: Do not plug in the monitor, calibrator, modem, data logger, and interface box until all cables are
connected. ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND/OR EQUIPMENT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR OTHERWISE.

2.22.1.10.3 The vent for the TEI 146C calibrator will be plugged.

2.22.1.10.4 Connect the calibrator sample line from the 146C “OUT” bulkhead to the solenoid
mounted on the back of the NH3 converter.

2.21.1.10.5 Make the remaining connections to the monitor, calibrator, modem, data logger,
backup data logger and interface boxes as shown in Figure 2.22.1.10.1 "Wiring Diagram" and in
Figure 2.22.1.10.2 "Plumbing Connections".

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17C Wiring Diagram
Figure 2.22.1.10.1

Section 2.22.1
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Figure 2.22.1.10.2
Plumbing System

2.22.1.10.6 Connect all instruments and support equipment power cords to a grounded surge
suppressor which is connected to a 115v AC, 60 Hz grounded receptacle. Note: The compressor must
be plugged into a wall socket, not a surge suppressor.

2.22.1.10.7 Configure the Modem as follows to auto answer on the first ring and to operate at
2400bps. Do not turn on modem until after 2.22.1.10.4 has been fully completed.

2.22.1.10.8 Next the data logger must be configured and initialized, if it has not already been
done.

2.22.1.10.8.1 Turn on the monitor main power, the 111 Zero Air System, the 146C calibrator,
modem, data logger, backup data logger, printer, and computer. At this point, verify the monitor,
calibrator, Zero Air system, data logger and BUDL power lights are on. Also verify or set the
111 temperature to 350°C.

2.22.1.10.8.2 Turn on computer and CRT.

2.22.1.10.8.3 Set up the PASSWORDS for 6002 Data logger:
a) to enter new passwords, press Ctrl and E simultaneously, then enter the new third
level password;
b) enter the new general password and press the return key;
c) enter the new Access Code and press the return key.

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2.22.1.10.8.4 Checking and Setting Time: All clocks must be synchronized within 1 minute of
each other.

2.22.1.10.8.4.1 Check and Set the Primary Time/Date First
a) Turn on the screen and printer.
b) Double click on the “Shortcut to Spltscrn” icon located on the Windows 95
desktop. The PDL and BUDL HyperTerminal split screen windows appear.
b) Compare PDL time to the time on a fixed timepiece (watch with a second
hand).
e) Press ESC, then type in the password to the primary.
f) Answer "View which columns?" with 01
g) Answer "In volts or Engineering Units?" with E
h) Press CTRL Z to stop the time polling.
I) Press Shift $ to change the time and check/set the date.
j) Make PDL time agree with the time which you observe on your fixed
timepiece (i.e. wristwatch).
k) Press Enter. Press Shift “1” without entering the password to log out of
PDL

2.22.1.10.8.4.2 Set Secondary BUDL Time:
a) Press ALT-TAB to go to Secondary data logger (BUDL).
b) Press ESC and type in Site Code (this will prompt the menu screen).
c) Press L (this will log you in). Press Enter.
d) Type in the password and press Enter.
e) Type C (this is the Config. Menu).
f) Type S (this is the Config. System Parameters).
g) Press Down Arrow to Logger Time. Press Enter.
h) Match this time value to the time value you observe on the upper split
screen (the Primary Data logger Time).
I) Type in the corrected time and press Enter.
j) Press ESC, ESC (slowly) (this takes you back to the Home Menu).
k) Type O (the letter O) to Logout/Exit.

2.22.1.10.8.4.3 Set Computer Time:
a) Place mouse pointer on Time Display located at far right bottom of
monitor screen. Click the right mouse button.
b) Select “Adjust date and time” and enter correct date and time.

2.22.1.10.9 Initialization:

Press the "I" key to begin the initialization process. The data system will ask for the Access
Code and then a series of questions to which the operator must respond. The questions will
appear on the computer. The operator will use the keyboard to answer the questions and his
responses will appear on the computer. The questions should be answered as shown in Appendix
2.22.1.10.16 (at the back of this section) for 6002 for a typical UAM site. For those answers that
do not need to be changed, you may use the "return" key. If you need to re-ask a previous
question use the " ^ " key, "Events" also must be initialized. At the prompt type + and answer the
Section 2.22.1
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questions as shown in Appendix 2.22.1.10.16. If needed, use the " ^ " key to ask the existing
question over again.

2.22.1.10.10 Manually poll the BUDL to flag, review and print data: Click on Utilities and
select Manual Poll.

2.22.1.10.11 Flag Data with an Open Memo.

When the Polling finishes:

Double click the Graph Icon on the DigiTrends Screen. Choose one-minute data to graph.
Choose the NO parameter to graph. Choose the Beginning Graph Date and Hour:
MM/DD/YY/HH by clicking on the calendar window. Choose the number of hours to display
(on graph) on one screen, choose one of the following:

Find the place in the graph where you started the initialization routine (downed channels) by
scrolling with the > or < button. To enter a memo on a strip chart graph:

Click the exact point on a trace where you want the memo to be attached. That selected data
point will then be displayed as a small square on the trace. This may be difficult to do. Try to
select a point near the intended point if unable to select the intended point. Remember “near”
intended point.

Hold down the Shift key on the keyboard and click the left mouse button on that data point
again.

A blank memo screen will appear. Type the memo in the text box near the bottom of the screen.
Document in the text box section “Site equipment installed” and any other pertinent information.
Click OK to save the memo. (Note: Saved memos cannot be altered or deleted).

On the graph, a large dot will appear on the trace where the saved memo was entered. To open
and review the information in a previous memo or add additional comments for the same memo
point, click the mouse pointer on the large dot representing the memo you want to open. Hold
down the Shift key and click the left mouse button again.

Scrolling Features: The > or <buttons allow you to scroll forward and backward in time
(along the x-axis). For example, if one-minute data is being graphed and the Scrolling Interval
is set to three, the graph will scroll forward in three minute intervals each time the > button is
clicked or backward three minutes each time the < button is clicked. To select a scrolling
interval, click the down arrow for a drop-down list. Interval choices are 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24. The
default is 1 interval.

2.22.1.10.12 Repeat the procedures in 2.22.1.10.18 for the NH3 parameter.

2.22.1.10.13 Proceed to 2.22.1.11 to calibrate the monitoring system.

Caution: Always follow these general precautions in handling and storing zero and span gas cylinders:
Section 2.22.1
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a. Never drop cylinders or permit them to strike each other violently.
b. Cylinders may be stored in the open, but in such cases should be secure from children and vandals, and they
must be protected against extremes of weather and, to prevent rusting, from the dampness of the ground.
Cylinders should be stored in the shade in areas where extreme temperatures are prevalent.
c. The valve protection cap should be left on each cylinder until it has been secured against a wall or bench, or
placed in a cylinder stand, and it is ready to be used.
d. Avoid dragging, rolling, or sliding cylinders, even for a short distance.
e. Never tamper with safety devices in valves or cylinders.
f. Do not store full and empty cylinders together. Serious suckback can occur when an empty cylinder is
attached to a pressurized system.
g. No part of a cylinder should be subjected to a temperature higher than 125 ºF. A flame should never be
permitted to come in contact with any part of a compressed gas cylinder.
h. Do not place cylinders where they may become part of an electric circuit.
i. The gas cylinders should be fitted with two-stage regulators with the appropriate CGA cylinder connection.
j. Do not use adapter fittings between the cylinder and its regulator.
k. Under no circumstances should any type of lubricant be used on regulators and cylinder valves.
l. Where pipe fittings are installed, a small amount of Teflon tape or Teflon paste pipe dope should be used on
male threads. Do not use pipe sealants on ferrule type fittings.
m. No cylinder gas should be used below a cylinder pressure of 200 psi as shown by the cylinder gas regulator.
n. Cylinders should be chained or strapped to a fixed stand.

2.22.1.11 CALIBRATION

2.22.1.11.1 The purpose of calibration is to correlate the output of a monitoring system with
known, traceable concentrations. Initial unadjusted zero / span / titration checks may be
performed by the ECB following any one of the activities listed below:

a. A new site installation (leave on-site adjustment to site operators)
b. A monitor replacement (leave on-site adjustment to site operators)
c. A calibrator replacement (leave on-site adjustment to site operators)
d. Any repairs which may affect the calibration of the instrument such as particulate filters
or capillary, pump, solenoid, I-Box, and ozone lamp replacements.

Note: Do not perform checks or calibrations between 6:00 AM to 9:00 AM (Local Standard Time). This is an
important data collection period.

ECB has the authority to conduct unadjusted or adjusted calibrations as required in any order
necessary (adjusted checks must be conducted for troubleshooting purposes only). (In contrast,
Site Operators must make no monitor adjustments before unadjusted calibrations).
Moreover, ECB is not required to conduct paired calibrations to bracket data, as are site
operators. Instead ECB may perform singular unadjusted or adjusted checks as necessary.

2.22.1.11.2 If not already connected, attach the TEI 111 zero air source and compressor to the
zero air inlet of the Model 146C (See Section 2.22.0.5).

2.22.1.11.3 Ensure that the compressor's large gauge is reading 80-100 psi and 30-40 psi on the
small gauge, and 10-30 psi on the zero air box.

2.22.1.11.4 Connect a reliable source of NO gas to the port "A" on the back of the 146C with a 10
to 20 psi pressure and a flow of at least 150 sccm.

Section 2.22.1
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2.22.1.11.5 Two-Stage Stainless Steel Regulator Preparation (ECB only)

A. Gas cylinder pressure regulators must be prepared before initial use. Precaution must be
taken to remove oxygen and other contaminants from the NH3 pressure regulator and delivery
system prior to the start of calibration. Failure to do so can cause significant errors in calibration.
Purging the regulator before use can minimize this problem. Once purged, the regulator is left
connected to the NH3 gas cylinder with NH3 gas in the regulator.

B. The NH3 gas regulator is purged by the following procedure:

1. Connect a stainless steel, two-stage pressure regulator to a Protocol II NH3 gas
cylinder and tighten with wrench.
2. Attach line which is vented outside the monitoring room to the regulator and
open second stage output valve. Allow several minutes to pass while air is being
removed from regulator.
3. Close second stage output valve and open cylinder valve. Allow regulator to
pressurize.
4. Close cylinder valve and open second stage output valve with line still attached.
Allow several minutes to be evacuated.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 several times, finally ending with the regulator filled with
NH3 gas, the tank valve open and the second stage output valve closed.
6. Connect the appropriate stainless steel line from the regulator to the calibrator
fitting on the back panel of the Model 146C.
7. Prepare the cylinders to deliver the proper flow rate as follows:
a. Open the main cylinders valve all the way counterclockwise.
b. Set the regulator pressure at 10-15 p.s.i.
c. Fully open the needle valve

2.22.1.11.6 Connect the 146C calibrator to a stainless steel regulator with 1/8" stainless steel
tubing.

Caution: Ensure the analyzer is sampling at atmospheric pressure by exhausting the vent on the back of the
146C through an outside port.

2.22.1.11.7 For initial start-up turn on the 146C calibrator and zero air supply and follow startup
procedures on pg. 13-15 of sections 2.22.0.7 and 2.22.0.8 (Description). To set the 146C "Zero
Air Flow LPM" and "Gas Flow SCCM" to program calibration setpoints follow the procedure in
2.22.1.2.3.11 on pg.6. Mathematically check the output PPM as in section 2.22.0.7-F on pg.14 in
Description.

2.22.1.11.8 Pre-Calibration Checks
For initial calibration, the new monitor should warm-up at least overnight before conducting the
calibration. Perform precalibration preparations on the TEI 146C calibrator according to 2.22.0.8
(Description) and 2.22.1.8. Perform precalibration checks on the analyzer as follows.

A. Inlet line - Visually inspect the tubing, especially at any bends, to ensure that it has not
been accidentally kinked, crimped, or cut. Feel the outside manifold exhaust on the back
of the building to verify manifold flow.

Section 2.22.1
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B. Verify that the following front panel readings on the 17C are within the following
specifications (If not within range, contact the ECB): Vacuum: Select the Diagnostics >
Pressure to read the reaction chamber vacuum gauge. Select Diagnostics >
Temperature and verify that the temperatures are within the following ranges: Internal:
20°C to 30°C. PMT cooler: –25°C to –1°C. Reaction chamber: 47 - 51°C. NOx
converter: 325°C to 350°C. NH3 converter: 825°C. Select Diagnostics > Calibration
Factors and record the before adjustment values of:NO bkg. NOx bkg. Nt bkg.
NO coef. NOx coef. NO2 coef. NO2 coef.2 Nt coef. NH3 coef.1
NH3 coef.2

C. Ensure that the TEI 146C Gas Phase Titration Calibration System is properly assembled.
For ECB use only, ensure that both air and gas mass flow controller transducer LED
readouts are calibrated under the conditions of use against a reliable standard such as the
Dry Cal DC L20K Flow Calibrator, soap bubble meter or calibrated transducers. All
flow rates should be corrected to 25°C and 760 mm Hg following the forms in Appendix
Section B.2.13.2.5.1 and B.2.13.2.5.2 .

D. Select the Range Menu to verify that the range is at the correct setting to either 50 or
200 ppb.

E. The time average setting is 60 seconds shown by pushing the STAT button and selecting
option #5.

F. Complete the requested information in the logbook, then the calibration is made
following 2.22.1.11.4.4 below.

G. Perform all of the following checks on both the monitor and calibrator before calibration.
Verify proper connections of the monitor, calibrator, data logger, computer, and back-up
data logger. Measure and record the line voltage. Turn on the monitor power, calibrator
power, modem, and data logger if these are not already on. Verify monitor, calibrator,
and data logger power lights are on. WARNING: Do not plug in these components until all cables
are connected. ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND/OR EQUIPMENT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR OTHERWISE.

2.22.1.11.9 The flows of the Model 146C calibrator have been set up to meet the residence time
required for the NO-O3 reaction to go to completion. The 146C total air flow must exceed the
total demand of the 17C analyzer to ensure that no ambient air is pulled into the manifold vent.
The TEI Model 17C requires a nominal flow rate of 650 cc/minute and the ozonator flow rate of
120 cc/per minute. It is recommended at least 1.5 lpm air from the 146C calibrator be used as a
minimum flow.

2.22.1.11.10 Unadjusted Calibrations

ECB may perform unadjusted calibrations to determine if an analyzer / calibrator combination is
functioning properly before regional technicians calibrate the analyzer. Follow the procedures for
an unadjusted calibration in the operator section 2.22.2.4 of this QA Manual to conduct
unadjusted calibrations. Be sure to electronically document the unadjusted checks after finishing.

Section 2.22.1
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2.22.1.11.11 Adjusted Calibrations

Unless serving a troubleshooting purpose, ECB makes no monitor adjustments on-site. Use the
on-site adjustment procedures in the operator section 2.22.2.4 of this QA Manual if adjustments
are truly required. Be sure to electronically document the adjusted checks after finishing.

2.22.1.12 ACCURACY AUDITING - ECB Auditor

Note: Do not perform checks or calibrations between 6:00 AM and 9:00AM "Local Standard Time". This is an
important data collection period.

2.22.1.12.1 Each calendar quarter (not to exceed 91 days between audits), each monitor must be
audited by an audit, device that is different from the standards and calibrators used for calibration
and spanning. The audit calibrator must be calibrated quarterly (not to exceed 91 days).

2.22.1.12.1.1 The auditor must not be the operator who conducts the routine monitoring,
calibrations, and analysis. Conduct the audit before making any adjustments.

2.22.1.12.1.2 The monitor must operate in its normal sampling mode, and the audit gas must pass
through the existing particulate filter.

2.22.1.12.1.3 Connect the TEI 146C NH3 audit calibrator as shown in Figure 2.22.1.10.2
(Plumbing Connections). Secure a separate cylinder of NH3 gas certified Protocol II, connect and
purge regulator as in Section 2.22.1.11.5.

2.22.1.12.2 Follow the TEI 146C audit calibrator procedures, checks, adjustments and calibration
according to 2.22.0.4 and 2.22.1.8-2.22.1.9.

2.22.1.12.3 At least three concentrations must be introduced to the analyzer being audited; these
concentrations must be between the following ranges (including the endpoints):

a. 90% - 70% /span point
b. 40% - 30% /middle point
c. 16% - 6% /precision point

for the NH3.

2.22.1.12.4 Plug in the audit calibrator, turn power on, and allow the audit calibrator to
equilibrate at least one hour while doing the following:

Start an audit sequence using a keyboard as follows:
a) Turn on the screen and printer.
b) If necessary press "M" on the keyboard to bring up the ESC main menu.
c) Move the cursor to "Utilities - Link to Primary." Press Enter to connect to primary
data logger.
Section 2.22.1
Revision No. 0
7/31/01
Page 42 of 45

d) On the computer enter "I", and enter 6-character password. At this point, you may
select a number of reports that provide information about the site operation. Enter "P"
to determine channel number and pollutant, if needed.
e) Check the 146C Calibrator and verify that the "Remote" button is pressed "in" and the
111 Zero Air System is turned "on" and that the temperature is set at 350oC.
f) Down the NOx and NH3 channels by typing "#" while holding down the Shift key,
then type in the six-character access code, then type the number of the pollutant
channel and "Enter" when asked "Down channel Number". The pollutant channels
should now be down.

2.22.1.12.5 Press F6 to start the printer, and label the printout to indicate the site name and
operator performing the audit, time date, parameter, "NH3 audits".

2.22.1.12.6 Begin a Zero. Type "C", type the 6-character Access Code, press the return key for
"Activate which events in a sequence?", then type "03" and "Enter" for "Activate which
event?". The zero should begin. Press Return when asked "Deactivate which Event".

2.22.1.12.7 Verify the 146C zero air flow is set on the LED display to give the desired reading.

2.22.1.12.8 Type M and type 02, 03,04 (column number) and press Return. After the monitor
response has stabilized, review the five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark data logger
values used on the printout. Record the average zero response in the logbook. The data logger
continuous one minute updates until Ctrl-Z is pressed. Record zero air thumbwheel setting
from the Model 146C to the calibration sheet under Dial Section.

2.22.1.12.9 Running the NH3 Zero
Make sure the zero flow is set to the value indicated on the ECB Audit spread sheet. Allow the
Model 17C microprocessor to stabilize for at least 15-20 minutes, until the zero printouts are
stable. During the last adjusted calibration, the microprocessor calculated, applied and stored the
zero background corrections (b1 and b3) for all three channels. Enter 5 minutes of averaged NO,
NO2 and NOy data logger data in the audit form along with the start values for b.0., b.1. and b.3.
UNADJUSTED NH3 SPAN

2.22.1.12.10 Start the NH3 Span.
Press ESC. Type "C", enter the 6-character Access Code, press Enter for "Activate Which
Events in Sequence?" and for "Activate Which Event?", type 04 and press Enter, then type
"06" for "Deactivate which event?", and press Enter. The NH3 span should begin and the NOx
span should stop.

2.22.1.12.11 Verify 146C Calibrator "Gas Flow" and "Zero Air Flow" is programmed to output
least two concentrations for NH3. If not, see sections 2.22.1.2.3.25 on how to program the zero
air and gas flows on the audit 146C to output the desired concentration readings of the audit.

2.22.1.12.12 Type "M" and type 06 and 08 and press Enter.

2.22.1.12.13 To mathematically calculate the actual NH3 concentration (Ca) of approximately 90
% range of full scale (approximately 45 ppb, 90 ppb or 180 ppb), use the equations below:
Section 2.22.1
Revision No. 0
7/31/01
Page 43 of 45

[NH3]Ca = [FNO / (FNO + FZERO)] × [(NH3 std)]
Where: FNO + FZERO = calibrated flows in sccm.
[(NH3 std)] = certified NH3 gas concentrations (on cylinder)

Note: To convert liters to sccm, multiply liters by 1000. To convert ppm to ppb multiply by 1000.

2.22.1.12.14 Wait approximately 90 minutes until the analyzer data logger has stabilized to
obtain a level span trace. Verify that the display shows appropriate NH3 concentrations. If not,
press the RUN button until the NH3 is displayed. Check that the NH3 is reading the ECB pre-
programmed 146C values and the mathematically calculated NH3 span value.

2.22.1.12.15 Wait approximately 90 minutes until the monitor response has stabilized; average
and record the next five one-minute averages on the printout. Mark the data logger values used
on the printout.

2.22.1.12.16 Run at least two additional audit NH3 points between the following ranges
(endpoints included) by:
1. In the GAS A Dilution screen, press Run to scroll through the following audit points:
Span 2 = 30% - 40% /middle point
Span 3 = 6% - 16% /precision point
2. When the desired audit point is displayed, press Enter to activate
3. Allow 10-15 minutes for readings to stabilize
4. Repeat step 1-3 as necessary the for the audit
5. When audit is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span 1
6. Press Enter to accept.
7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu.
8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > press Enter to set the 146C
Local Mode in Standby.
9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in “Remote” Mode
10. Deactivate “NO” Span (event 02)

2.22.1.12.17 For each concentration, calculate the NO and NOy concentrations and record the
analyzer's response.

2.22.1.12.18 Choose the Calibration Factors Menu and record all ending factors (background
and span factors).

CHECKING THE NH3 CALIBRATION POINTS

2.22.1.12.19 Generate a NH3 calibration / precision point (as required) by pressing:

1. Press Run to scroll through the calibration points (Span 2 and Span 3):
Span 2 = 30% - 40% /middle point
Span 3 = 6% - 16% /precision point
2. When desired calibration point is displayed on the 146C LCD, press Enter to activate.
3. Allow 10-15 minutes for the readings to stabilize, record and average the last 5 data values.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 as necessary for the calibration
5. When the calibration is complete, press Run to scroll back to Span 1.
Section 2.22.1
Revision No. 0
7/31/01
Page 44 of 45

6. Press Enter to accept.
7. Press MENU until you bring up the Main Menu
8. From the Main Menu go to Flow Modes > Standby > Press Enter to put the 146C Local
Mode in Standby.
9. Press Enter again to place the 146C back in “Remote” Mode, and proceed to 2.22.1.11.10.24
to stop remote events.
10. Deactivate the NH3 span

2.22.1.12.20 Turn off the TEI 146C power and the second stage flow regulator of the NH3 gas
cylinder. Disconnect the TEI 146C Audit calibrator and reinstall the initial 146C NH3 calibrator
to its proper position. Remove the Audit NH3 gas cylinder; bleed and remove the regulator.
Reinstall the initial Protocol II NH3 cylinder and purge the regulator as in Section 2.22.1.11.5.
Attach NH3 gas cylinder to the TEI 146C calibrator and reinstall into the plumbing system as in
Figure 2.22.1.10.2. Turn the power "ON" on the TEI 146C initial calibrator. Ensure "GAS A"
Zero flow settings are programmed to run the zero, span, GPT, calibration and precision points.

2.22.1.12.22 Up the NOx and NH3 channels and verify the system is set to sample by pressing
"ESC", entering "U", entering the 6-character Access Code when asked, and the NOx and NH3
column numbers. Press "ESC", and enter "!". Do not turn off any other power switches, this is
handled by the data logger. Verify the NOx and NH3 channels no longer have a D flag. The data
logger will automatically remove a P flag when finished purging.
Close the PDL and BUDL Window.

2.22.1.12.22 Electronically document the beginning and ending of the audit following the
procedures in 2.22.1.10.18.

2.22.1.12.23 Go back to main screen. Select Reports. Then select "Auxiliary average for all
parameters", and Enter. Select the report date and hours of interest, and press "D" to scroll
through the data on the screen. Press ESC when you have finished scrolling through the data. To
print the data, again select Reports, then select "Auxiliary average for all parameters" and Enter.
Select the report date and hours of interest, and press "P" to print. Staple the printout to the
appropriate logbook page.

2.22.1.12.24 From the ESC Main Menu select “Quit” and “System Mode” screen.

2.22.1.12.25 Inspect the site, probe, sample line connections, and general condition of the site.
Note any unusual conditions on the audit form. Turn off the monitor and printer before leaving
the site.

2.22.1.12.26 Calculate the percent chart difference, d2, at each concentration level except zero
and complete the converter efficiency form. If the converter efficiency is not >_ 96 %, the audit is
invalid. Refer to the troubleshooting section in Appendix M and recalibrate as in section
2.22.1.11.10 when the converter is working properly.

d2 = [(CM-Ca) / Ca] x 100

where:
Section 2.22.1
Revision No. 0
7/31/01
Page 45 of 45

CM = average NH3 concentration measured (from the NH3 channel)
Ca = true concentration of audit output gas PPM produced by the audit calibrator (2.22.1.12.11)

2.22.1.12.27 Audit Submittal Procedure: Record d2 on the AQ-98 Data Assessment Report.
Verify that the AQ-98 is correct and complete, and forward to the ECB Supervisor within 2
business days of the audit. The ECB must forward the Supervisor signed copy to the Section
Chief of Ambient Monitoring within 15 business days of the audit.
Appendices

Appendix B.1:AQ-98

Unadjusted NOX Calibration
Ca (PPB) Cm (PPB) %Diff
Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL
Calibration
Points
146C LCD 146C LCD NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt
0
45 / 90 / 180
25 / 50 / 100
8 / 16 / 32

Unadjusted NH3 Calibration
Ca Cm (PPB) %Diff Channels down (Enter Time):
Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL Channels uppped (Enter Time):
Calibration
Points 146C LCD 146C LCD NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 146C Tank Conc. readout PPM
0 Site Tank Conc. PPM
45 / 90 / 180
25 / 50 / 100 Factors (no adjustments made):
8 / 16 / 32 NO bkg.
Accuracy Criteria for unadjusted (UCAL) NOx bkg.
and adjusted (ACAL) calibrations: Nt bkg.
17C Ca UCAL ACAL NO coef.
zero ±5ppb ±3ppb NOx coef
span ±10% ±8% NO2 coef2
mid ±10% ±8% Nt coef
precision ±15% ±12% NH3 coef 1
NH3 coef 2
Adjusted NOX Calibration
Ca (PPB) Cm (PPB) %Diff
Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL Calibration
Points 146C LCD 146C LCD NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt NO NOX Nt
0
45 / 90 / 180
25 / 50 / 100
8 / 16 / 32

Adjusted NH3 Calibration
Ca Cm (PPB) %Diff Factors after adjustments made:
Flow Gas Flow Air PDL BUDL PDL BUDL NO bkg.
Calibration
Points
146C LCD 146C LCD NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 NOx bkg.
0 Nt bkg.
45 / 90 / 180 NO coef.
25 / 50 / 100 NOx coef
8 / 16 / 32 NO2 coef2
Nt coef
1. Is UCAL calibration acceptable? Yes No NH3 coef 1
2. If UCAL is outside criteria, perform an adjusted calibration (ACAL). NH3 coef 2
3. If done, is ACAL acceptable? Yes No
4. If ACAL is unacceptable, troubleshoot the instrument, perform 2nd ACAL.
5. If 2nd ACAL fails, contact the ECB.

Appendix B.2: Logbook and Operational Test Form
NH3 /NOX GENERAL CHECKS: MODEL 17C CIRCLE RANGE: 0-50 PPB 0-100 PPB 0-200 PPB
Date: __________ Time:__________ Operator: ___________ Next O/SC Due:___________ Next CalDue:________
Manifold Flow Y N Action_________________________ Inlet Clean Y N Action_________________________
Site Temperature (20/30oC)______________A/C-Heater Operate Y N Action_____________________________________
NO Cylinder Expires (date)______________ Cylinder Pressure___________psi Cylinder Number______________
Power ON: Model 17C_______146________111 ZAP____Compressors________ PDL____ BUDL

ANALYZER: Range:NH3_________________ NOX_____________________
Temperatures: Internal________Chamber_______Capillary________Cooler________NOx.Converter___________NOx
Converter set________NH3 Converter________ NH3 Converter set________
Pressure________
Flows: 1. Ozonator____2.Sample Flow (low cycle) ______3.Sample Flow (high cycle)_____∆flow (3 subtract 2)____ (>.1 is bad!)
Zero Pak Silica Gel Changed Y N Date________________
Sample flow capillaries changed Y N Date________________

DATALOGGERS:
Datalogger Type:______________ BUD Type:______________________
Datalogger up? Y N Action________________________
Time Adjust? Y N Action________________________
Diskette downloaded and removed? Y N Date________________

MODEL 111 ZERO AIR SYSTEM:
Purafil changed Y N Date________________
Charcoal Y N Date________________
Final Pressure Regulator 10-30 psi Y N Action________________________
Compressor Pressures: 80-100 psi Y N Action________________________
30-40 psi Y N Action________________________
Drain Valve released (Weekly) Date________________
Rotameter 1-2 Lpm Y N Action________________________
Comments
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
NO2 Ca (PPB) = NO Cm (DL span) – NO rem + [Fgas/(Fgas + Fzero)] x [NO2 cyl. Conc. (ppm) x 1000]
U GPT O3 Level NO rem NOX rem NO2 Cm % Diff
50/100/200 % PDL BUDL PDL BUDL
NO2 Imp NO2 Ca
PDL BUDL PDL BUDL

Is 96%≤ Converter Efficiency ≤104%? Yes No
If No, do an adjusted NO/NOy/ NO2 calibration If Yes, Calibration Acceptable

NO2 Ca (PPB) = NO Cm (DL span) – NO rem + [Fgas/(Fgas + Fzero)] x [NO2 cyl. Conc. (ppm) x 1000]
A GPT O3 Level NO rem NOX rem NO2 Cm % Diff
50/100/200 % PDL BUDL PDL BUDL
NO2 Imp NO2 Ca
PDL BUDL PDL BUDL

Is 96%≤ Converter Efficiency ≤104%? Yes No
If No, do an adjusted NO/NOy/ NO2 calibration If Yes, Calibration Acceptable

Model 17C CONVERTER EFFICIENCY:
NO, Point
50/100/200
N02 (Ca) NOX orig DL
(ppb)
NOX rem DL
(ppb)
N02 CONV
(ppb)
% C.E.

U GPT
A GPT
NO2 Conv = [NO2 Ca - (NOX orig -NOX rem) ]
Converter Efficiency = ([NO2]conv/ [N02]Ca) X 100 {~96.0%}
Is Converter Efficiency greater than 96%? Y N Action_____________ C.E. 17C Panel______%

Appendix B.2: Logbook and Operational Test Form

A. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CAPILLARIES

Converter Module

The following procedure should be performed every three months.

1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord.
2. Remove the cover of the converter module.
3. Locate the heated capillary holder (see Figure 7-3).

4. Remove the Cajon fitting(s) from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench.
5. Remove the glass capillary(s) (part no. 4121) and O-ring (part no. 4800). Inspect O-ring
for cuts or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace. [See Figure a]
6. Check capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary.
7. Replace capillary in holder, making sure the O-ring is around the capillary before inserting
it into the body.
8. Replace Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand tight.
9. Re-install the instrument cover.

Appendix 2.22.2.3.7: Replacing Capillaries
A. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CAPILLARIES
Analyzer Module

The following procedure should be performed on a three month basis:

1. Turn the instrument off and unplug the power cord.
2. Remove the instrument cover.
3 Locate the reaction chamber/capillary holder. [See Figure b]
4. Remove the Cajon fittings from the reaction chamber body using a 5/8" wrench.
5. Remove the glass capillaries (P/N 4121) and O-rings (P/N 4800). Inspect 0rings for cuts
or abrasion. If cut or abraded, replace. [See Figure a]
6. Check the capillary for particulate deposits. Clean or replace as necessary.
7. Replace the capillary in the reaction chamber body, making sure the O-ring is around the
capillary before inserting it into the body.
8. Replace the Cajon fitting. Note that the Cajon fitting should be replaced only hand
tight.
9. Re-install the instrument cover.

Appendix 2.22.2.3.7: Replacing Capillaries

Figure a: Exploded view of capillary and fittings in the order that they are seated in the capillary holder / reaction
chamber.
Figure b: Location of the 17C reaction chamber, where the ozone and sample flow capillaries are housed, relative to
the rest of the analyzer.
Figure c: Close-up view of the sample flow capillary in the reaction chamber of the 17C analyzer.

Appendix 2.22.2.3.7: Replacing Capillaries

Reaction Chamber Sample Flow Capillary
O-ringFerrell Cajon Fitting
Capillary ¼”Teflon Tube
Appendix M:Troubleshooting Guide for the 17C
The Model 17C has been designed to achieve a high level of reliability. Only premium components
are used, thus complete failure is rare. In the event of problems or failure, the troubleshooting
guidelines presented in this chapter should be helpful in isolating the fault(s). The Service
Department at Thermo Environmental can also be consulted in the event of problems at (508) 520-
0430. In any correspondence with the factory please note both the serial number and program number
of the instrument.
CAUTION:Some internal components can be damaged by small amounts of static electricity. A
properly grounded antistatic wrist strap must be worn while handling any internal component. For
more information about appropriate safety precautions, see Chapter 7, "Servicing.
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
MALFUNCTION POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION
Does not start up No power Check that the instrument is
plugged into the proper
source
Check instrument fuses
Power supply Check voltages (Diagnostics
menu)
Digital electronics Unplug power cord. Check
that all boards are seated
properly. Plug in power cord.
Does not start up Digital electronics Unplug power cord. Remove
(continued) one board. Install known
good board. Plug in power
cord. Repeat until defective
board is detected.
No output signal No sample gas reaching Check input sample flow
or very low output the analyzer
Blocked capillary Unplug power cord. Clean
capillary or replace as required
No output signal No high voltage reaching Check that the PMT is on
Or very low output the PMT
(continued) Check that the PMT voltage
is between -700 to -1200
volts
Faulty PMT or electronics Use test pulse to isolate fault
to either PMT or other
electronics. Consult the
factory for more information.
Analyzer not calibrated Check that the calibration
or calibrated improperly factors are within their
proper limits
No ozone reaching the Check if the ozonator is on
reaction chamber (LED on Ozonator Board on)
If so check the ozonator.
Check ozonator flow for
restriction.
MALFUNCTION POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION
No output signal Disconnected or defective Check that cables connected
input or high voltage properly. Check resistance
supply of cables.
Analyzer not calibrated Recalibrate
Defective ± 15 volt Check supply voltages.
Replace power supply.
Calibration drift Dryer to ozonator depleted Replace
Line voltage fluctuations Check to see if line voltage is
within specifications
Unstable NO, NOx,orNH3 Replace source gases
source
Plugged capillaries Clean or replace
Calibration drift Cooler temperature Check that the cooler is about
(continued) out of capture -8°C. If not, contact factory.
Reaction chamber Check that reaction chamber
temperature out of temperature is about 50°C. If
capture not, check that the thermistor
on the reaction chamber is
connected to the Temperature
Control Board and the heater
is connected to the
Temperature Control Board.
Unstable instrument Check pump efficiency, e.g.,
vacuum diaphragm, leaks, etc.
NH3 scrubber(s) depletion Replace
Excessive noise Defective or low sensitivity Install known good PMT and
PMT check performance. Check
background values.
Defective cooler If temperature is higher than
-6°CatTamb =25°C, consult
factory
Non-linear response Incorrect calibration source Verify accuracy of multipoint
calibration source gas
Leak in sample probe line Check for variable dilution
Leak within the Model 17C Check for loose fittings in
both converter and analyzer
module
Defective PMT Replace
MALFUNCTION POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION
Excessive response time Partially blocked sample Clean or replace capillary
Slow averaging time Check the averaging time
chosen screen
Inadequate line conditioning Introduce NH3 to the
instrument for at least one
hour
Improper converter Improperly known Verify accuracy
operation calibration gas
Converter temperature too Temperature should be about
high or too low (Nt and NO x 325°C for the analyzer
converters) module and 800°C for the
converter module
Low line voltage Check to see if line voltage is
within specifications
Internal oxide layer of Nt Run the analyzer overnight
converter stripped or with zero air containing
converter not conditioned oxygen. Note that the sample
properly should contain some oxygen
during normal operation so as
not to strip the converter
Defective converter If converter isn't heating up,
heater replace converter heater
Temperature Control Replace with good PCB.
Board failure

Appendix M:Troubleshooting Guide for the 17C