19970972 Ver 1_Complete File_20030421

EcoScience
1101 Haynes Street Suite 101 Raleigh, NC 27604 Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
April 14, 2003
Ms. Angie Pennock
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
US Army Corps of Engineers
PO Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
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Re: Annual Monitoring Report (Year 1) - Anson County Waste Management Facility
Stream and Wetland Restoration Project, Anson County, North Carolina.
USACE Action ID 199800592
Dear Angie:
On behalf of Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc., EcoScience Corporation has
completed the first year monitoring report at the Anson County Waste Management Facility
located in Anson County. One copy of the document is enclosed for your use. We will forward
a copy of the document to John Dorney of the N.C. Division of Water Quality for Section 401
review.
In summary, the mitigation site met success criteria as stipulated in the mitigation plan and
approved as part of your Section 404 and 401 permits for the mall project. We are continuing
with monitoring in 2003 (Year 2).
If you have any questions or comments, please contact Jens Geratz or Jerry McCrain at ESC.
Sincerely,
ECOSCIENCE CORPORATION
? Q4
Jens Geratz
Senior Scientist
cc: John Dorney, N.C. Division of Water Quality (1 copy)
i
1
ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 1)'7
ANSON COUNTY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PROJECT
ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for:
Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc
Anson County, North Carolina
Prepared by:
b
EcoScience
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
[phone]
January 2003
C
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................:...:....
LIST OF FIGURES i"
'
.............................................................................................................
LIST OF TABLES

iii
iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1
' 1.1 Project Description ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Chronology ..................................................................................................... 4
2.0 STREAM MONITORING ................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Monitoring Program .................................................:................:................................. 5
' 2. 1.1 Physical Stream Attributes ......................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Biological Stream Attributes ....................................................................... 5
2.1.3 In-Stream Flow .......................................................................................... 5
' 2.2 MONITORING RESULTS ........................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Physical Stream Attributes ......................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Biological Stream Attributes ....................................................................... 6
2.2.2 In-Stream Flow .......................................................................................... 13
2.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA .................................................................... 13
4.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY MONITORING ......................................................................... 17
4.1 MONITORING PROGRAM ......................................................................................... 17
4.2 MONITORING RESULTS ........................................................................................... 17
' 4.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA .................................................................... 17
5.0 WETLAND VEGETATION MONITORING ........................................................................ 20
5.1 MONITORING PROGRAM ......................................................................................... 20
5.2 MONITORING RESULTS ........................................................................................... 20
5.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA .................................................................... 22
6.0 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................. 28

ii

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Site Location ..........................................................,........::........................
' Figure 2 Site Plan View: Constructed Stream and Wetland. Creation Area .:....................
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Figure 313 Plan View and Cross-Sections (Lower Reach) ................................................. 10
Figure 3C Cross-Sections (Upper Reach) ......................................:................................... 11
Figure 4 Bio-monitoring Sites ..........................................:.....:......................................... 12
' Figure 5 Stream Hydrograph (Water Level and Velocity) ..........................................:..... 15
Figure 6 Groundwater Gauge Locations and Wetland Boundary Determination .............. 18

i Figure 7 Planting Plan and Vegetation Plots ................................................................... 21
0
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Morphological Stream Characteristics ............................................................... 7
Table 2 Benthic Sampling Results ................................................................................. 14
Table 3 Summary of Hydrology Monitoring Data,-'....'. ................................................. 19
Table 4 Characteristic Tree Species Piedmont Alluvial Forest 23
Table 5 Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Planted Area) .............. 24
Table 6 Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Non-planted Area)....... 25

I1

i
ii.i

ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 1)
' ANSON COUNTY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PROJECT
ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc. (Chambers) has developed and begun
operations at the Anson Waste Management Facility located off US Route 74 between
Polkton and Wadesboro, Anson County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The property selected for
the waste management facility (hereafter referred to as "the Facility") consists of
approximately 793 acres bounded by Pinch Gut Creek to the east, Brown Creek to the north
' and west, and CSX Railroad to the south. The location of the waste disposal area (hereafter
referred to as "the Disposal Area") encompasses approximately 133 acres within the Facility
and is designed to accommodate future waste disposal needs for the county and surrounding
' region. Construction of the Disposal Area results in unavoidable impacts to 0.49 acre of
jurisdictional wetlands, including 1085 linear feet of perennial stream.
' A detailed mitigation plan was developed to off-set unavoidable impacts caused by
construction of the Disposal Area. A forested stream and wetland complex (hereafter
referred to as "the Site"), situated below the Sediment Basin #1, was proposed to maximize
' treatment of surface water and groundwater runoff prior to the confluence with Pinch Gut
Creek (Figure 2). Mitigation efforts were designed to re-construct a shallower, meandering
stream channel on the abandoned floodplain and re-establish groundwater wetland
' hydroperiods across the adjacent floodplain surface. Plan were reviewed and accepted by
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the North Carolina Division of Water Quality
(DWQ). The North Carolina Section 401 Water Quality Certification (No. 3247) was granted
on September 27, 1999. The Section 404 Individual Permit (No. 199800592) was granted on
April 3, 2000.
' Construction plans were developed from the detailed mitigation plan and used as a template
to guide construction work. Restoration construction activities were initiated in early
February 2001 and completed during April 2001. Water flow was diverted into the
constructed channel on April 16, 2001. During construction several important changes were
made with respect to the original design in order to facilitate the construction process and
' ultimately increase the Site's chances for success. Included with these changes was an
increase in the Site's size from approximately 9.0 acres to approximately 23.6 acres, a
significant increase in the length of constructed stream (from approximately 2040 linear feet
' to approximately 2800 linear feet), and a significant increase in potential acreage for wetland
mitigation opportunities. A supplemental planting for logged wetland areas was completed in
the Spring of 2002. The modifications to the mitigation plan were reviewed and approved by
the USACE (Angie Pennock, January 2002)

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The mitigation plan outlined monitoring procedures designed to track wetland and stream
' development after restoration activities were completed. The monitoring plan requires
annual monitoring for a minimum 5-year period and analysis of the data to evaluate
quantitative success criteria. The monitoring plan is attached for reference in Appendix A.
'
This document represents the first Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) designed to track
wetland and stream development as outlined in the monitoring plan. Hydrology, vegetation,
' and stream parameters have been monitored throughout the year 2002 growing season, and
will be compared with hydrology model predictions, regulatory wetland criteria, and reference
(relatively undisturbed) stream characteristics and vegetative communities in the region.

1.2 Project Chronology
' Review of On-Site Jurisdictional Areas February 17, 1998
(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)

' Perennial Stream Limit Determination
Site Identification February 4, 1999
June 1998
Detailed Mitigation Plan June 1999
Sec. 401 Water Quality Certification
Issued (DWQ)
September 27, 1999
Monitoring Plan August 2000
Sec. 404 Wetland Permit Issued (USACE) April, 2000
Site Construction and Planting February - April 2001
Flow Diversion April 16, 2001
As-built Stream and Wetland Report September 2001
Post Project Review of Site January 2002
(USACE, Angie Pennock)
Monitoring Wells and Stream Gauge Installed February 2002
Supplemental Planting in Cut-Over Areas March 2002
First Year Field Monitoring September 2002

4

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2.0 STREAM MONITORING
2.1 Monitoring Program
2.1.1 Physical Stream Attributes
The monitoring plan calls for measurement of stream geometry attributes along a minimum
300-foot reach. Annual fall monitoring protocol includes development of a channel plan view,
channel cross-sections on riffles and pools, pebble counts, and a_ water surface profile.
Specific stream data to be presented includes 1) riffle cross-sectional area, 2) bankfull width,
3) average depth, 4) maximum depth, 5) width/depth ratio, 6) meander' wavelength, 7) belt
width, 8) water surface slope, 9) sinuosity, and 10) stream substrate composition. The
stream will subsequently be classified based on fluvial geomorphologic principles outlined in
Applied River Morphology (D. Rosgen, Applied River Morphology, Wildland Hydrology,
1996). Significant changes in channel morphology will be tracked and reported by
comparing data in each successive monitoring year.
2.1.2 Biological Stream Attributes
The monitoring plan was devised to provide for biological sampling of the stream channel
prior to diversion of flow and again after years 3 and 5. However, the N.C. Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) has asked that biological sampling be performed annually. Therefore, an
evaluation of bio-monitoring success criteria will appear in all succeeding AMRs. The
procedures and methodologies for biological monitoring program have been modified to
follow the standards put forth by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) January 1997 biological monitoring protocols, and the DWQ draft guide for benthic
sampling. The Qual-4 sampling method has been adapted from the May 2000 final draft of
the Interim, Internal Technical Guide for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Protocols for
Compensatory Stream Restoration Projects from DWQ.
The biological samples will provide a means to track taxonomic diversity over time.
Specifically, the numbers of EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) taxa will be
monitored and evaluated. The EPT taxa are not generally considered primary stream
colonizers and, therefore, are not typically found in newly established streams. All taxa will
be identified to the lowest practical level. An increase in the number of EPT genus/species
will be required to increase through the 5-year monitoring period. An evaluation of in-stream
and riparian habitat will also be conducted at each monitoring location, following the DWQ
habitat classification system. If biological success criteria are not being fulfilled, the most
likely cause will be extensive sedimentation, which covers coarse substrates in the channel.
If aquatic species diversity is not increasing, additional modifications to channel substrates
will be performed and upstream sources of sedimentation will be identified.
2.1.3 In-Stream Flow
' In-stream flows will be measured through placement of a continuous monitoring, stream flow
gauge within the constructed channel cross-section or bankfull channel culvert. The gauge
will be capable of recording stream stage (ft), velocity (ft/second), and discharge (cubic feet
per second, CFS). The data will be reported as peak daily flows for channel velocity
(ft/second), discharge (CFS), and stage in tabular and graphic format.
P
5

2.2 MONITORING RESULTS
' 2.2.1 Physical Stream Attributes
After the first year of monitoring, the stream restoration effort includes approximately
2797 linear feet of constructed stream on new location and approximately 1242 linear feet of
' reactivated backwater channel through the floodplain of Pinch Gut Creek. Table 1 depicts a
summary of stream pattern, dimension, profile, and substrate attributes for the proposed, as-
built (2001), and Year 1(2002) monitoring conditions. Six permanent cross-sections were
established along the constructed channel in 2001, two in the upper reach, two in the middle
reach, and two in the lower reach. Current cross-sectional data has been superimposed on
the current year data to track aggradation or degradation in the channel.
Channel Dimension Attributes
Channel dimension attributes were obtained from the surveyed cross-sections depicted in
' Figures 3A-3C. The constructed channel exhibits a bankfull mean width of 4.0 feet, a
bankfull mean depth of 0.5 feet, and a bankfull width/depth ratio of 8.3. The mean bankfull
cross-sectional area is 2.1 square feet and ranges from 1.5 to 2.9 square feet. Channel
' dimension attributes in the lower reach remain consistent with parameters established under
the construction effort.
' Channel Pattern Attributes
Channel pattern attributes have been measured from the plan forms depicted in Figure 3A-B.
The belt width ranges from 8 to 18 feet and the meander wavelength ranges from 13 to
31 feet (Table 1). Sinuosity measures approximately 1.7. The floodprone area averages
approximately 200 feet including a high entrenchment ratio ranging from 38 to 67 (floodprone
' area/bankfull width).
Channel Slope and Substrate
' Channel slope and substrate attributes were obtained from measurements depicted in
Appendix D and summarized in Table 1. The channel supported a stable profile and
substrate composition during the first year of development. The average water surface slope
' averaged 0.0045 (rise/run) relative to a valley slope of approximately 0.0074 (rise/run).
Pebble counts indicate a D50 on the riffles of 2.2 millimeters (Appendix D).
' 2.2.2 Biological Stream Attributes
Baseline (pre-project) benthic surveys were performed within the existing stream system and
a reference stream in August 2001, prior to stream restoration activities. On-site, pre-
construction baseline monitoring sites are shown in Figure 4. Results of the base-line
biological surveys and reference site are depicted in Appendix B. Attempts to perform
benthic surveys were unsuccessful during the current monitoring period due to the lack of
' water in the stream channel during the appropriate sampling period. The area has
experienced a large deficit in rainfall over the past few years including a period of exceptional
drought through the summer of 2002.
No EPT taxa (genus/species) were reported from the on-site base line data. Benthic
sampling from the reference site revealed a diverse assemblage of species including
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12

thirteen various EPT taxa. The total number of individuals found within the EPT taxa is 82.
' Data from the baseline surveys are summarized in Table 2.
As a part of the biological stream attribute assessment, a habitat field data sheet has been
' completed to describe the potential habitat and physical conditions of the stream. The
habitat assessment measures characteristics associated with mature streams including bend
angles, in-stream habitat features, substrate, bank stability measures, and vegetation
' parameters. The pre-construction stream received a habitat assessment score of 61 out of a
possible 100. The assessment gave high scores for bank stability, light penetration
(Le. good shading), and riparian vegetation width. Medium to low scores were attributed to
' stable habitat, substrate type, riffle habitat, and pool variety.
The reference stream received a habitat assessment score of 100 out of a possible 100.
Completed stream habitat assessment forms describing the physical habitat characteristics
present in the channel during the August 2001 sampling will be used for comparison with
subsequent sampling dates (Appendix C).
2.2.2 In-Stream Flow
' An ISCO brand, continually monitoring stream gauge was placed at the lower end of the
stream culvert located in the roadway in the western portion of the Site. Data recorded for
this monitoring year include water levels and velocity from the date of installation on
' February 22, 2002 to October 19, 2002.
The yearly hydrograph is shown in Figure 5. The graph is punctuated by a series of small
rain events at the beginning of the monitoring period and a series of larger rain events at the
end of the monitoring period. No flow was recorded during the period extending from
May 23, 2002 to July 23, 2002. During monthly visits to the Site, many larger streams in the
' region including Pinch Gut Creek were completely dry. Average daily discharge at the
culvert was calculated at 0.12 cubic feet per second (cfs) and average hourly base flow
(discarding peak flow periods) was calculated to be approximately 0.04 cfs. Bankfull
' velocities at the downstream invert approach 3.5 to 4.0 cfs.
2.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
' Success criteria for stream restoration has been subdivided into three primary components:
1) successful classification of the reach as a functioning stream system; 2) channel stability
1 indicative of a stable stream system; 3) sufficient hydrology to support a perennial stream,
and 4) development of biological communities over time. Only the first two items will be
addressed, with the biological and hydrology component appearing in subsequent sampling
' dates, when more data becomes available.
For classification purposes, the stream supports an entrenchment ratio greater than 2.2 and
' a width/depth ratio less than 12. The channel exhibits high sinuosity (>1.5) and an average
riffle slope between 0.004 and 0.006 (rise/run). The riffle substrate is dominated by fine
gravel (D50: 2.4 mm). Therefore, stream geometry and substrate measurements under
' current conditions suggest a stable E4 stream type, as proposed in the mitigation plan.
13

Table 2
Benthic Sampling Results
for Reference Site Baseline Data
Baseline
Reference
2001
Ephemeroptera
Ameletidae
Ameletus lineatus 4.
Baetidae 10
Caenidae
Caenis sp. 1 .
Ephemerellidae
Eurylophella sp. 3
Heptageniidae
Stenacron interpunctatum 1
Stenonema sp. 4
Leptophlebiidae
Paraleptophlebia sp. 31
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Eccoptura xanthenes 2
Perlodidae
Isoperla sp. 4
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatopsyche sp. 3
Limnephilidae
Pycnopsyche sp. 8
Philopotamidae
Chimarra aterrima 10
Uenoidae
Neophylax sp. 1
Total 82

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the emulated, stable E4 stream type set forth in the mitigation plan (Table 1). Based on
pattern, dimension, profile, and substrate measurements depicted in Table 1, Figure 3, and
Appendix D, current monitoring has demonstrated the stream geometry of the constructed
E4 stream type has been stable over the course of the first year.

P 17

11
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' 16

4.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY MONITORING
' 4.1 MONITORING PROGRAM
Seven continuous recording (Infinity), surficial monitoring gauges were located in the eastern
' portion of the Site to provide representative coverage and flow gradients extending through
the riverine floodplain. The monitoring wells were installed in February 2002, a year
following the completion of stream and wetland construction. Figure 6 depicts . the
' approximate location of the monitoring wells. Monitoring wells were installed and
downloaded in accordance with specifications in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers', Installing
Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP Technical Note HY-IA-3.1, August 1993).
' The monitoring wells are set to a depth of approximately 48 inches below the soil surface.
The data extending from February 20, 2002 to December 15, 2002 have been utilized in this
' Year 1 AMR, to cover the 2002 growing season. The growing season in Anson County is
defined as the period between March 15 and November 19, or 2249 days. Hydrological
' samples continue to be collected at twenty-four hour intervals.
4.2 MONITORING RESULTS
' The raw well data are depicted as hydrographs in Appendix E. Line intersection at 12 inches
below the surface was used as the cut off for wetland hydrology, following the regulatory
wetland criterion requiring saturation (free water) within one foot of the soil surface. Wetland
hydrology criteria including maximum consecutive saturation days and percent of the growing
season are summarized in Table 3. Five groundwater gauges were located within the
wetland creation (W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5) and two gauges (W6, W7) were placed within
' the Pinch Gut floodplain adjacent to the slough to monitor hydrology in and around the
restored slough. Success for wetland creation is based on the five gauges located within the
creation area.
' In general, water levels show a typical pattern of flooding during the early spring, followed by
late summer and autumn draw down period, punctuated by peaks associated with
' precipitation events. The five groundwater gauges (W1-W5) located in the wetland creation
area exhibited nearly identical hydrology with a maximum consecutive saturation of 96 days
or 3( percent of the growing season. Gauges placed adjacent to the slough exhibited
' maximum consecutive saturation between 35 and 38 days or 14 to 15 percent of the growing
season.
' 4.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
Hydrological success criteria require saturation or inundation between 5 and 12.5 percent of
' the growing season during average climatic conditions. These areas are expected to support
hydrophytic vegetation. The groundwater data indicate that all gauge locations and
corresponding physiographic areas achieved hydrological success criteria for 2002. Wetland
' creation areas exhibit wetland hydrology for 39 percent of the growing season. Figure 6
depicts wetland boundaries mapped using gauge data and corresponding hydrophytic
vegetation signatures. Based on the mapping, approximately 1.7 acres of created wetlands
reside within the 22.6-acre site.
17

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5.0 WETLAND VEGETATION MONITORING
5.1 MONITORING PROGRAM
Quantitative vegetation sampling was carried out in October 2002. Four permanent sampling
' plots were established, including three 600-foot transects within planted areas (plots 1, 2,
and 3) and one 300-foot transect within the non-planted area (plot 4). The vegetation plots
were established in a manner which best represented the entire site. The plot width along
' each transect extends 4 feet on each side of the tape, providing a 0.11 acre plot sample for
the 600-foot transects (600 feet x 8 feet/43560 feet/acre) and a 0.055 acre plot sample for
the 300-foot transect (300 feet x 8 feet/43560 feet/acre). The intermediate and end points of
each plot were permanently established with a labeled, green metal fence post that was
spray painted bright orange.
' All woody species rooted within the plot boundaries were recorded. The four plots were
separated into three categories based on community classifications presented by Schafale
and Weakley (1990) and the planting status. The three categories include 1) Piedmont
Alluvial Forest (plots 1 and 2: planted); 2) Piedmont Swamp Forest (plot 3: planted); and 3)
Piedmont Swamp Forest (plot 4: not planted). The data was then used to obtain the total
' number and the relative percentage of each woody species per acre. The percentage of
each species per acre in addition to the corresponding wetland status will be used to
evaluate the success criteria (see Section 5.3). Vegetation sampling from plots 1 and 2 will
' be used to determine planting success of riparian areas associated with stream restoration.
Wetland creation success criteria will be based on vegetation sampled in plots 3 and 4.
Figure 7 depicts the approximate location of each vegetation sample plot and the planting
' plan. Complete species inventories can be found in Appendix F. Photographic records of
vegetative plots are shown in Appendix G.
' 5.2 MONITORING RESULTS
The vegetative communities within the mitigation area include Piedmont Alluvial Forest,
Piedmont Swamp Forest (forested and logged), and Dry-Mesic Oak-Hickory Forest. The
' majority of 'the acreage within the mitigation area has a well developed canopy and a
shrub/tree layer (>1 inch DBH) composed of volunteer species that vary in abundance
according to the landscape position and micro-topographical differences. A diversity of
' planted species (22 species) has survived within the planted portions of the mitigation area.
Herbaceous vegetation is sparse throughout the mitigation area; however, patches of
' hydrophytic vegetation were established during the spring and early summer including
sedges (Carex spp.) and rushes (Juncus spp.).
' The Piedmont Alluvial Forest is dominated by mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), red maple
(Acer rubrum), and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense). Other prominent understory and
sapling species include silky dogwood (Corpus amomum), American elm (Ulmus americana),
' willow sp. (Salix sp.), various red oak spp. (Quercus spp.), sweet-gum (Liquidambar
styraciflua), flowering dogwood (Corpus florida), holly sp. (Ilex sp.), and ironwood (Carpinus
caroliniana).

20

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The Piedmont Swamp Forest is dominated by sweet-gum, red maple, loblolly pine, and
Chinese privet. In addition, this area is composed of species including American elm, willow
' oak, deciduous holly (Ilex decidua), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). A portion of
the Piedmont Swamp Forest has been clear-cut and is vegetated by a combination of
' planted and volunteer species. The dominant species within this logged area' includes red
maple, Chinese privet, greenbrier (Smilax spp.), and blackberry (Pubus argutus). Additional
prominent species include winged elm (Ulmus alata), willow oak (Quercus phellos), green
ash, and persimmon (Diospyros virginiana).
The planting plan was modified slightly to accommodate changes in -as-built stream and
' wetland creation areas. A logged portion of the Site was included in a supplemental planting
in March 2002. Of the 24-acre mitigation site, a total of 5.2 acres within the Piedmont Alluvial
Forest and the Piedmont Swamp Forest was planted at 435 stems/acre. An additional 0.8
acres of stream-side assemblage area was planted at a density of 680 stems/acre. Stocking
levels of planted trees and natural recruitment for each plot is summarized in Appendix F. A
total of 39 woody species, both planted and volunteer were surveyed. The top 8 species
include Chinese privet, red maple, sweet-gum, loblolly pine, silky dogwood, green ash,
American elm, and willow oak. The total stocking level averaged across the Site is 5380
' stems/acre. Chinese privet, red maple, and sweet-gum account for approximately 54
percent of the total number of stems surveyed. Establishment of planted seedlings on moist
sites appeared to be very good. Moderate mortality to planted upland seedlings and live
willow stakes was observed. Early season drought is suspected as the primary cause for the
seedling mortality.
' 5.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
Success in the restoration of wetland vegetation includes the establishment and
maintenance of a species composition sufficient for a jurisdictional wetland determination.
Additional success criteria include a minimum mean density of 320 characteristic tree
species/acre surviving at least five years after the initial planting. At least five characteristic
tree species must be present, and no species can comprise more than 20 percent (64 stems)
of the 320 stem/acre total. Softwood species (ex: loblolly pine, black willow) cannot comprise
more than 10 percent (32 stems) of the 320 stem/acre requirement.
Tables 4-6 depict the number of trees/acre by species that can be applied to the 320
trees/acre criterion for each of the three categories, 1) Piedmont Alluvial Forest, planted; 2)
Piedmont Swamp Forest, planted; and 3) Piedmont Swamp Forest, not planted. The 562
trees/acre, 420 trees/acre, and 512 trees/acre totals, for the above mentioned categories
respectively, exceed the 320 trees/acre requirement stated in the monitoring plan. In
' addition, the number of characteristic wetland species identified totals 11, 8, and 8,
respectively for the three categories, exceeding the five species diversity minimum stated in
the monitoring plan. Therefore, current stocking levels satisfy the vegetation success
' criteria.

' 22

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Table 4
Characteristic Tree Species'
for Vegetation Success Criteria 2002
Piedmont Alluvial Forest
Anson Waste Management Facility Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site

Total Trees per
Acre Trees per Acre
Allowed to
Evaluate Success
Criteria
Common Name Scientific Name 2002 2002
American Elm Ulmus americana 145 64
Green Ash Fraxinus enns lvanica 91 64
Ironwood Car inus caroliniana 118 64
Red Maple Acer rubrum 723 64
River Birch Betula ni ra 95 64
Silk Dogwood Corpus amomum 473 64
Sweet Gum Li uidambars raciflua 323 64
Bitternut Hickory Ca rya cordiformis 68 64
Box-elder Acer ne undo 27 27
Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 14 14
Hackber Celtis occidentalis 9 9
Total 2086 562
'Per the success criteria, the number of characteristic tree species elements must exceed 320 stems/acre.
However, the maximum number of stems allowed to fulfill success criteria is limited to 20% of the 320 stem/acre
total for hardwood species (64 stems/acre maximum by species). For softwood species, the maximum number of
stems per/acre allowed is limited to 10% of the 320 stem/acre total (32 stems/acre by species). Characteristic
species include planted elements along with natural recruitment of native tree species identified in reference
ecosystems.

Table 5
Characteristic Tree Species'
for Vegetation Success Criteria 2002
Piedmont Swamp Forest (Planted Area)
Anson Waste Management Facility Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site

Total Trees per
Acre Trees per Acre
Allowed to
Evaluate Success
Criteria
Common Name Scientific Name 2002 2002
American Elm Ulmus americana 100 64
Green Ash Fraxinus enns lvanica 418 64
Red Maple Acer rubrum 1091 64
Red Oaks . Quercus s pp. 355 64
Sweet Gum Li uidambar s raciflua 1247 64
Willow Oak Quercus hellos 136 64
Deciduous holly Ilex decidua 27 27
Ironwood Car inus caroliniana 9 9
Total 3383 420
'Per the success criteria, the number of characteristic tree species elements must exceed 320 stems/acre.
However, the maximum number of stems allowed to fulfill success criteria is limited to 20% of the 320 stem/acre
total for hardwood species (64 stems/acre maximum by species). For softwood species, the maximum number of.
' stems per/acre allowed is limited to 10% of the 320 stem/acre total (32 stems/acre by species). Characteristic
species include planted elements along with natural recruitment of native tree species identified in reference
ecosystems. Additionally, characteristic tree species should support a jurisdictional determination.

Table 6
Characteristic Tree Species'
for Vegetation Success Criteria 2002
Piedmont Swamp Forest (Non-Planted Wetland Area)
Anson Waste Management Facility Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site

Total Trees per
Acre Trees per Acre
Allowed to
Evaluate Success
Criteria
Common Name Scientific Name 2002 2002
American Elm Ulmus americana 273 64
Deciduous holly flex decidua 236 64
Green Ash Fraxinus enns Ivanica 473 64
Ironwood Car inus caroliniana 145 64
Red Maple Acer rubrum 1527 64
Red Oaks . Quercus s p. 182 64
Sweet Gum Li uidambars raciflua 91 64
Willow Oak Quercus hellos 291 64
Total 3218 512
'Per the success criteria, the number of characteristic tree species elements must exceed 320 stems/acre.
However, the maximum number of stems allowed to fulfill success criteria is limited to 20% of the 320 stem/acre
total for hardwood species (64 stems/acre maximum by species). For softwood species, the maximum number of
stems per/acre allowed is limited to 10% of the 320 stem/acre total (32 stems/acre by species). Characteristic
species include planted elements along with natural recruitment of native tree species identified in reference
ecosystems. Additionally, characteristic tree species should support a jurisdictional determination.
:z
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6.0 SUMMARY-AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The Year 1 AMR (2002) data indicate that the Anson Waste Management Facility Stream
and Wetland Mitigation Site achieved regulatory*
success criteria for stream geometry,
wetland hydrology, and vegetation after 1 year of development. Functional attributes
exhibited include long term surface water storage, energy dissipation, retention of nutrients
and particulates, and establishment of characteristic stream and wetland plant and wildlife
populations. The created wetland areas appear to support hydroperiods and successional
patterns conducive to establishment of wetland forested habitat.
The results also indicate that current Site conditions 'meet or exceed the mitigation
requirements for both stream length and wetland acreage, as projected by the mitigation
plan. The mitigation project initially required compensatory mitigation for impacts to
1085 linear feet of stream channel (stream area of 0.07 acre) and 0.49 acre of wetlands.
The mitigation plan outlined strategies designed to compensate for these stream and wetland
impacts included stream reconstruction and restoration along approximately 2040 linear feet
and 0.98 acre of net wetland creation.
The channel geometry and substrate compare favorably with the emulated, stable E4 stream
type established on reference (relatively undisturbed) stream reaches and as set forth in the
mitigation plan. The current monitoring has demonstrated that the pattern, dimension, and
profile of approximately 2797 linear feet of Priority 1, E4 stream restoration are stable over
the course of the first year.
The groundwater gauge data for the created wetland area indicate that hydrology success
criteria have been achieved. Currently, approximately 1.7 acres of succeeding forested
wetland habitat occur on the Site. This represents more than 0.7 acre of net vegetated
wetland restoration gain over the original amount of compensation set forth in the mitigation
plan. Additionally, approximately 0.8 acre of open water backwater slough has been
restored to historic hydrologic conditions and approximately 5.8 acres of wetlands have been
enhanced/preserved within remaining portions of the Site.
The current vegetation surveys reflect conditions typical of mid-successional forest
development on disturbed floodplain and sideslopes in the Piedmont. Early- to mid-
successional forest tree species adapted to these conditions include black willow, sweet-
gum, red maple, green ash, and river birch. Improving soil properties, increased shading,
and more mesic conditions will favor mast producing elements such as oak and hickory to
become established in sufficient quantity to develop into a characteristic floodplain
bottomland hardwood assemblage. The variable hydrologic regime found across the Site will
promote diverse wetland community patterns across the site and will consequently enhance
opportunities for wetland dependent wildlife. Vegetative data also indicate that the wetland
creation areas support species typical of bottomland hardwood communities at densities
sufficient to meet jurisdictional standards.
Minor bank erosion has occurred along several outer bends directly below the road culvert
and in a reach of stream located approximately in the middle of the Site. The erosion has
26
occurred in these areas due to vegetation failure, incised construction, and increased stream
power and shear stress created by the culvert. These areas will require slight channel
modifications and may include the removal or slackening of channel bends or floodplain
excavation. Additional recommended remedial work includes plugging more of the.original
stream channel and the construction of small berms in the floodplain to redirect bankfull flows
back toward the channel. Currently, discharge over bankfull is using portions of the old
channel and bypassing the new channel location. A work plan is currently being developed
to address these concerns. The remedial work plan and implementation will be detailed in
the following monitoring report.

11

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27

6.0 APPENDICES
Appendix A: Monitoring Plan
Appendix B: Post Restoration Photographs
Appendix C: Baseline Biological Monitoring Data
Appendix D: Channel Profile and Substrate Data
' Appendix E: Groundwater Gauge Hydrographs
Appendix F: Vegetation Plot Data
Appendix G: Photographic Record of Vegetation Plots

fl
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28

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APPENDIX A
' Monitoring Plan
(Excerpt from the Monitoring Plan, August 2000)

2.0 MONITORING PLAN
' The Monitoring Plan consists of a comparison between reference and restoration areas
along with evaluation of jurisdictional wetland criteria (DOA 1987). Wetland monitoring
' will entail analysis of hydrology and vegetation development. Stream monitoring will
include assessment of channel stability and biological attributes. Monitoring of
restoration efforts will be performed for 5 years or until success criteria are fulfilled.
' 2.1 Wetland Hydrology
After hydrological modifications are performed, continuous monitored, surficial
' monitoring wells will be installed in accordance with specifications in U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers' (USACE), Installing Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP
Technical Note HY-IA-3.1, August 1993). Monitoring wells will be set to a depth of
' approximately 48 inches below the soil surface. All screened portions of the well will
be buried in a sand screen, filter fabric, and a bentonite cap to prevent siltation. The
recording device will be placed above the projected depth of inundation from overbank
' flooding (based upon elevations that do not exhibit evidence of recent wrack or silt
lines). The wells will be stabilized by reinforcing steel bar (re-bar).
Seven monitoring wells will be installed in restoration areas to provide representative
coverage within each of the physiographic landscape units depicted in Figure 3.
Hydrological sampling will be performed by the automatic sampling device on a daily
basis throughout the year. Well data will be downloaded from the device on an
average, 2 month interval.
2.2 Hydrology Success Criteria
Hydrology success criteria comprises saturation (free water) within 1 foot of the soil
' surface for a minimum of 5% to 12.5% of the growing season, under normal climatic
conditions. This hydroperiod translates to saturation for a minimum, 13-day to 28-day
consecutive period during the growing season, extending from March 28 through
' November 3 (USDA, unpublished).
2.3 Wetland Vegetation
' Monitoring procedures for vegetation are designed in accordance with EPA guidelines
presented in Mitigation Site Type (MiST) documentation (EPA 1990). The following
' presents a general discussion of the monitoring program.
Vegetation will receive cursory, visual evaluation during periodic download of monitoring
' wells to ascertain the general conditions and degree of overtopping of planted elements
by weeds. Subsequently, quantitative sampling of vegetation will be performed once
annually during the fall for 5 years or until vegetation success criteria are achieved.
' Permanent, randomly placed plots will be established at representative locations in the
wetland restoration areas. Each plot will consist of circular or transect plots, dependent
upon site conditions encountered within each wetland restoration area. Circular plots
will typically extend fora 37.2-foot radius, encompassing a 0.1 acre land area. For
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transect plots, two 300-foot transects will extend from a central origin. The plot width
along the transect will extend 4-feet on each side of the tape, providing a 0.11 acre plot
sample at the location. Four plots will be established to provide a 25 percent sample
and a depiction of tree species available for expansion within wetland restoration areas
of the Site. In each plot, tree species and number of stems will be recorded and
seedling/sapling/tree height measured. Tree data from all plots will be combined into
one database to calculate an average density, by species, represented in restoration
areas of the Site.
In each plot, presence/absence of shrub and herbaceous species will be recorded. A
' wetland data form (DOA 1987) will be completed to document the classification and
description of vegetation, soil, and hydrology.

1

2.4 Vegetation Success Criteria
Success criteria include the verification, per the wetland data form, that each plot
supports a species composition sufficient for a jurisdictional determination. Additional
success criteria are dependent upon density and growth of "Character Tree Species".
Character Tree Species are identified through visual inventory of an approved reference
(relatively undisturbed) wetland community used to orient the restoration project design.
All canopy tree species identified in the reference wetland will be utilized to define
"Character Tree Species" as termed in the success criteria.
An average density of 320 stems per acre of Character Tree Species must be surviving
in the first three monitoring years. Subsequently,. 290 character tree species per acre
must be surviving in year 4 and 260 character tree species. per acre in year 5. Planted
character tree species (oaks, cypress, and tupelo gum, etc.) must represent a minimum
of 30 percent of the required stem per acre total (96 stems/acre). Each naturally
recruited character species may represent up to 10 percent of the required stem per
acre total. In essence, 7 naturally recruited character species may represent a
maximum of 70 percent of the required stem/acre total. Additional stems of naturally
recruited species above the 10 to 70 percent thresholds are discarded from the
statistical analysis. The remaining 30 percent is reserved for planted character species
(oaks, cypress, tupelo gum, etc.) as a seed source for species maintenance during mid-
successional phases of forest development.
' If vegetation success criteria are not achieved based on average density calculations
from combined plots over the entire restoration area, supplemental planting will be
performed with tree species approved by regulatory agencies. Supplemental planting
will be performed as needed until achievement of vegetation success criteria.
No quantitative sampling requirements are proposed for herb and shrub assemblages.
' Development of a forest canopy over several decades and restoration of wetland
hydrology will dictate success in migration and establishment of desired wetland
understory and groundcover populations.

2.5 Stream Stability
A selected stream reach, extending for a minimum of 300 feet along the constructed
channel, will be monitored for physical geometry and in-stream flow.
' Physical Geometry
Annual fall monitoring will include development of a channel plan view, channel cross-
sections on riffles and pools, and pebble counts. Data to be generated will include: 1)
' cross-sectional area; 2) bankfull width; 3) average depth; 4). maximum depth; 5)
width/depth ratio; 6) meander wavelength; 7) belt width; 8) sinuosity; and 9) stream
substrate composition. The stream will subsequently be classified according to stream
' geometry and substrate (Rosgen 1996). Significant changes in channel morphology will
be tracked and reported by comparing data in each successive monitoring year.

0

In-Stream Flow
In-stream flows will be measured through placement of a continuous monitoring, stream
flow gauge within the constructed channel cross-section or bankfull channel culvert.
The gauge will be capable of recording stream stage (ft), velocity (ft/second), and
discharge (cubic feet per second, CFS). The data will be reported as peak daily flows
for channel velocity (ft/second), discharge (CFS), and stage in tabular and graphic
format. As designed, the gauge will not record flow data associated with overbank
flows that are distributed across the restored floodplain surface.
2.6 Stream Stability Success Criteria
Success criteria for stream restoration will include: 1) successful classification of the
reach as a stable stream type (Rosgen 1996) and 2) channel geometry changes
indicative of a stable stream system.
The channel configuration will be compared on an annual basis to track changes in
channel geometry, profile, and substrate. These measurements will be utilized to assist
in determining the success in restoring stream channel stability. Specifically, the
channel will be successfully classified as an E stream type including a bank/height ratio
less than 1.1, an entrenchment ratio greater than 5, and a bankfull width/depth ratio
less than 12. The field indicator of bankfull will be described in each monitoring year
and indicated on representative channel cross-sections. The bankfull channel may also
be predicted from stream gauge data and compared to bankfull indicators starting in the
third year of monitoring.
Modifications to the channel will be performed to increase or decrease the sediment
transport capacity, reduce sediment loading from the upper watershed, or adjust other
attributes as needed. If the stream channel is widening due to bank erosion, additional
bank or slope stabilization methods will be employed.
2.7 Stream Biology
The in-stream, biological monitoring program will follow procedures established in
DWQ's, Interim, Internal Technical Guide: Benthic Macro-invertebrate Monitoring
Protocols for Compensatory Stream Restoration Projects (DWQ 2000). Benthic macro-
,7
invertebrate samples will be collected using the Qual-4 collection method. This
procedure is preferred for 11t and 2"d order streams with catchments of less than 1
t square mile in the Sand Hill region.
' All biological samples will be collected during the summer months (June=September).
Monitoring locations will be permanently marked and will extend for approximately 300
linear feet along the designated reach. Collection and taxonomic analysis of benthic
' macro-invertebrates will be performed by a certified DWQ. company/laboratory.
Collected animals will be identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible.
During each sample event described below, Stream Habitat Assessment Forms will be
prepared that describe physical habitat characteristics that were present in the channel
(DWQ 2000). Collection procedures and processed biological samples will be available
' for review by DWQ biologists, including annual reports summarizing the data in the fall
of each year.
' The monitoring program includes: 1) a statement of biological objectives for stream
restoration; 2) reference reach (target) sampling; 3) impacted stream reach (base-line)
sampling; and 4) restoration reach sampling.
Biological Objectives of Restoration
The goals and objectives of stream restoration are to convert a linear dredged channel
t into a moderate to highly sinuous stream. The existing, dredged channel is entrenched
with floodplain benches consisting of eroded banks along the incised channel. As a
' result, stream restoration is expected to provide the following biological benefits:
1) Increase the abundance of pool habitat; including deep water and bank
' overhang shelters.
2) Increase the abundance of riffle habitat (higher velocity flow over coarser
substrate).
' 3) Provide connectivity to aquatic organisms between the restored floodplain
habitat and in-stream habitat during more frequent overbank floods.
4) Increase the diversity of stream substrates by transitioning flows from
' riffles to pools within each meander wavelength.
5) Reducing bank erosion and substrate homogenization (fining of the stream
substrate) relative to existing conditions. The stream bed is expected to
change from a silt dominated substrate to a coarse sand dominated
substrate over time.
6) Increase the abundance of coarse woody debris in the channel.
' 7) Increase potential for colonization and expansion of benthic macro-
invertebrate feeding guilds for intolerant orders (Ephemeroptera,
' Plecoptera, Trichoptera [EPTj) such as mayfly (Alentrella sp., Baetis sp.),
stonefly (Allocapnia sp., lsoperla sp.), and caddisfly (Cheumatopsycue sp.,
Hydropsyche sp.). Diagnostic species utilized to assess benefits to
biological habitat will be discerned from reference reach sampling.

Reference Reach Samplin
(Target) 9
' A reference reach will be sampled to provide a characterization of taxa present within
relatively undisturbed streams in the region that supports a similar drainage area (< 0.3
square mile). The reference sample will be collected within headwater reaches of Flat
Creek, located on Fort Bragg, in Cumberland County. This reference reach and
' associated drainage area is unlikely to be impacted by development within the military
base over the next several decades. In addition, this reference reach has been utilized
to establish stream geometry for reconstruction. The monitoring location will be
' positioned along a transitional zone from intermittent to perennial stream, including a
drainage area of less than 0.3 square mile. Along with Stream Habitat Assessment
' Forms, the results of the reference sample will be used to generate a taxa list of relative
abundance, to assess diagnostic (target) taxa, and for future metric calculations and
subsequent evaluation of findings.
'
Impacted Stream Reach (Base-Line) Sampling
Base-line (pre-project) sampling within the impacted stream reach will be performed prior
' to disturbance. A taxa list of relative abundance and Stream Habitat Assessment Form
will be compared to reference reach data and restoration reach data to assess existing

' conditions and compile a list of taxa currently available for expansion into the
reconstructed stream
.
' Restoration Reach Sampling
Restoration reach sampling will be performed annually for a minimum of 3 years,
starting one full year after the impacted stream is disturbed and the restoration reach
established. As described above, a taxa list of relative abundance and Stream Habitat
Assessment Form generated for the restored reach will be compared to reference reach
and impacted reach data in tabular format. The comparison will depict the taxa that are
colonizing the reconstructed channel relative to target and pre-project conditions.
2.8 Stream Bioloav Success Criteria
' Success criteria associated with biological monitoring will follow procedures established
in DWQ's monitoring protocols (DWQ 2000). Success criteria may be modified based
on future, quantitative protocols established by DWQ. In general, Stream Habitat
' Assessment Forms will be utilized to verify functional replacement of in-stream, aquatic
habitat. Summary statistics will be used to verify the process of colonization by
diagnostic taxa, including a potential trajectory from base-line conditions towards target
1 conditions over time.
' The baseline sample, collected within the stream reach to be impacted by landfill
development, will establish the functional capacity of the existing stream and will
denote base-line conditions for restoration efforts. The target sample, collected within
the reference (relatively undisturbed) stream reach, will establish the best-case
conditions and ultimate, long term goal for the restoration project.
' Success criteria will include evidence that the restored stream reach meets or exceeds
the base-line biological condition. Summary statistics within the restored reach will be

' used to verify that species diversity meets or exceeds diversity within the impacted
stream. In addition, colonization patterns and development of aquatic habitat over
time will exhibit a trajectory towards reference reach conditions in each successive
monitoring year.
' 2.9 Report Submittal
An Annual Wetland Monitoring Report (AWMR) will be submitted to USACE and
DWQ at the end of each monitoring year. The AWMR will depict the sample plot
' locations and include photographs which illustrate site conditions. Data
compilations and analyses will be presented as described in Sections 2.1 through
2.8 including graphic and tabular format, where practicable. Success criteria will be
' interpreted based on quantitative data described above. In the event that success
criteria are not achieved, methods for contingency or remediation will be
recommended

e

1

1
I APPENDIX B
1 Post Restoration Photographs

1

APPENDIX B
' Post Restoration Photographs

Photo of floodplain taken from road causeway (@ stream culvert) looking upstream.
Photo of floodplain taken from road causeway (@ stream culvert) looking downstream
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Photo looking upstream from center of upper reach survey location.
Photo looking downstream from center of upper reach survey location.

Photo looking upstream from center of lower reach survey location.
Photo looking downstream from center of lower reach survey location.
i
Wetland Creation Area @ groundwater gauge S4F556A.
Wetland Creation Area @ groundwater gauge S504557.
Planted wetland creation area.
Photo of re-hydrated backwater slough in Pinch Gut Creek floodplain.

1

C

APPENDIX C
Baseline Biological Monitoring Data

TABLE 1. BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED FROM ANBERSON COUNTY, AUGUST 2001.
' SPECIES T.V. F.F.G. LANDFILL REFERENCE
ANNELIDA
'
Oligochaeta ;
Haplotaxida

' Tubificidae w.o.h.c.
Spirosperma sp. 7.11
5.3 CG
CG
1
Lumbriculida
Lumbriculidae
ARTHROPODA 7.03 CG 10
Crustacea
Isopoda
' Asellidae *8 SH
Caecidotea sp. 9.11 CG 4
Amphipoda
Crangonyctidae
Crangonyx sp. 7.87 CG 22 5
Decapoda
Cambaridae
' Cambarus sp. 7.62 CG 1 3
Procambarus sp. 9.49 SH 3
Insecta
' Collembola
Isotomidae 1
Ephemeroptera
' Ameletidae *7 CG
Ame/etus lineatus 2.38 CG 4
Baetidae 10
' Caenidae *7 CG
Caenis sp. 7.41 CG 1
Ephemerellidae *1 SC
' Eury/ophella sp. 4.34 SC 3
Heptageniidae *4 CG
Stenacron interpunctatum 6.87 SC 1
Stenonema sp. *4 SC 4
' Leptophlebiidae *2 CG
Para/eptophlebia sp. 0.94 CG 31
Odonata
' Calopterygidae *5 P
Caiopteryx sp. 7.78 P 4
Cordulegastridae *3 P
' Cordu/egaster sp. 5.73 P 4
Gomphidae *1 P

' Sty/ogomphus albistylus
Plecoptera 4.72 P 3
Perlidae *1 P
Eccopturs xanthenes 3.74 P .2
' Pedodidae *2 P
isoperla sp. *2 P 4
Megaloptera
' Corydalidae *0 P
Nigronia serricomis 4.95 P 1
Pennington any HvJV?iua..J, ;I lu. Page 1 of 2 ?....?..?..o ..?ance? 6onco.xis 8/8/2001
'`TABLE 1. BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED FROM ANDERSON COUNTY. AUGUST 2001.
SPECIES T.V. F.F.G. LANDFILL REFERENCE

I I

17

Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae *4 FC
Cheumatopsyche sp. 6.22 FC
Limnephilidae *4 SH
Pycnopsyche sp. 2.52 SH
Philopotamidae *3 FC
Chimarra aterrima 2.76 FC
Uenoidae
Neophylax sp. 2.2 SC
Coleoptera
Dryopidae *5
Helichus basalis 4.63 SC
Psephenidae *4
Ectopria sp. 4.16. SC
Psephenus henicki 2.35 SC
Ptilodactylidae
Anchytarsus bicolor 3.64 SH
Diptera
Chironomidae
Dip/ocladius cultriger 7.41 CG
Hydrobaenus sp. 9.54 SC
Microtendipes sp. 5.53 CG
Parametdocnemus /undbecki 3.65 CG
Paramerina sp. 4.29 P
Phaenopsectra sp. 6.5 SC
Po/ypedilum fallax 6.39 SH
Tanytarsus sp. 6.76 FC
Thienemannimyia gp. 8.42 P
Tvetenia bavarica gp. 6.31 CG
Zavrelia sp. 5.3 CG
Simuliidae
Simulium Sp. 4 FC
Tipulidae
Hexatoma sp. 4.31 P
Pseudolimnophila sp. 7.22 P
77pu/a sp. 7.22 SH

TOTAL NO. OF ORGANISMS
TAXA RICHNESS
NC BIOTIC INDEX
EPT INDEX
JACCARD COEFFICIENT
% SIMILARITY
SHANNON
MARGALEF.
SIMPSON
3
8
10
1
4
2
10
6
10
26 2
12
4
1

1
1
1
1
62
1
1 1

22
2 2

159 159
14 35
7.15 4.10
0 13
0.116
6.9
2.774 4.282
1.778 4.518
0.791 0.925
Penninrw±on and Associates, Inc. Page 2 of 2 ecoscienceandersonco.xis 8/812W I -

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-- Mountain/ Piedmont Streams
1 Directions for use of this Assessment: The observer is to survey a minimum of 100 meters of stream. preferably in an upmearn direction stat*g above the
bridge pod and the road right-af--way . The stream segment which is assessed should represent average stream conditions. In order to performs a proper
habitat evaluation the•observer needs to get into the stream AU meter readings need to be performed prior to naffing the stream. When working the habitat
under: select the description which best fu the observed habitats and then circle the score. If the observed habitat falls its between two descriptims, sdect an
uttermediate score. There are nine different metrics in this index and a fwal habitat score is determined by adding the results from the different metrics.
Stream: br fD Ainvor Location: -Iftio1d wtAO /.>?1dDA?1. Road county ifl?rtl
1 Basin S/ SKIA) CC# / Date /a?ld
observer(s): ML113 KK, _AErrl D?? Office Location U-Cibq Agency DATA
1 Type of Study (circle one): Basinwide Fish enthos Special Study (Describe)
Latitude Longitude Ecoregion (circcleone ) Mountain iedmoa
1 Distance of Strewn Surveyed 91) meters
1 Physical Characterization: -
Land uses: Forest ?oO % Active Pasture _% Active Crops _% Fallow Fields _To Commercial % Industrial _% Residential _%
Other _%. Describe:
Width: (meters) Stream 3 Channel (0 Average Stream Depth: (m) Velocity floc
Flow conditions (circle one): High ? Normal -,c
Manmade Stabilization: YVI N[ ] Describe: H enC B?n1 ST?41,?1ritfEt? 1n1 P+'?ST
1 Remarks: S'fe14)d-N%? 5 ra C?1. E?.?V!/i?L7
1 Water Quality:
Temperatiir 37 jr -C Dissolved Oxygen mg/! Conductivity 1166 Wnhosicm PH L 0 ?°
Turbidity: (circle) Clear Slightly Turbid Tannic
Weather Conditions: C1fJ41?, SU?t ? Photo #
1 Remarks: A )W8- WA%6 Tidti°14t19 ouF ID &3VA%$ nk,5 dF 016122601 S 77.6AIS ?F
STg&M /A) MNV-1).4

Tvnical Stream Cross-section
1
Extreme High Water (Channel Width)
_Normal Hi3h Water
1 Normal Flow
- Upper Bank
L Bank
1 Low"
1 Stream Width

7

General Characteristics:
L Chamd Modification (Use topo map as an additional aid for this Patameta) 'r
A. channel natural 10
1. frequent bends (good diversity of bends or falls)--
tuns)».»_...».__.»_......_......».._».__»_ -.--•- -'-'»"""-"" 3
2. in&Ai tent bends (long
B• ehaaoel modified (ebamektd)
1. beads pcrsettt.»....»..._.........».....__ ... »».»..» ....._............ _•-?-- ?» » 1
2. bends absent..._.»__.»___.._..._....______.......____ ..._ .»...-.••-»»-»••»-- -»•.-.»-__
Remarks mD?lflF ?' S?/?I?11 /1/E!? L)1"&L
•h habitats which K at this site (Rocks) (Maeraphrtes) (sticks and lea[ packs). (snags and logs)
II. Iastream Habitat S-;.,. •
(undercut banlrs or root mats)Deftnition: ledpackscon= of older laves that are packed together and have begun to decay.
piles of laves in pod areas are not considered leaf packs. EM
S?l_ Habit WCover II
A. 3 or mere habitat types present..........•.»•»•--»...._.-.--••.•-.-.» 16 .-•--.-.-•.»-. Q--._........ 3
B. 1-2 habitat types present....•..._»•••_________......__ _»...... _»... 14..»...__.».»_ ti. ._.»__» 1
Remarks 9pE I)OA PfM #411 BAT Pr1')IM, S mPI Ird J& T" Ae'64
M. Bottom substrate (wilt, sand, , detritus, gravel, cobble, boulder)
A. substrate with good mix of gravel cobble and boulders
10
1. embeddednew -CM- »_.»___ ._.... _....... »......__.».- .-.--•»-_-•»- .-.-- ---_••.-- --•_ 8
8
2. embeddedness 25-50%---- :__ ... _ ............__........»_ ..........»»..».. .......»._ » » .»..»..._
.-••
3. embeddedness 50-7596 ...»...».».».»._ »_.»_ .»..... __».......
- 3
_ .»... »-•».--?»_--
3
____ » ...._........._...».._M._ .».»
4. embeddedness >75%- .....»..»..........»
L substrate gravel and cobble 9
1. embeddedness Q39o»........____ ..»._._ .____.....»___ . -.»»•-•-» » ----??-~~~»?- '»' 6
2..embeddedness 2S-50%-__....»_ _.»___.... _-_______ 4
3. embeddedness 50.7590 ...»»..»_....».».»__». _ ............ _ .......»..._.»..._ .._ ... 2
4. embeddedness>7596»..•__...__.»......_..._._..:...» ..._.. ....._...._........ ».»....
C. substrate mostly gravel
1 embeddedness <5090...»..» »»..» » ...»_._._ .....».».»....... .»._ .»......
.» _ .».... »......»»»._......_._._ Z
2. embeddedness >5096.._».. »_ _ _ ._» ........... ........_....»»..» ......_ ... _ » ...»» ..._
D. substrate bomgenous 3
_
substrate nearly all bedrock__»._ »___ _».»........ • »_.-»......». ».• »--.---•-..---.-•--•------•-_.»
._
3
substrate nearly all sand -------- ...»»•....»--.-.»-» .».»».»•- -
.»•»••.•_--»-__...»........__ ..__..
.......» »»»..
substrate nearly all detritus »_...___.»___.»»....__ ..»__..... ......... i
».»...•» .»...__........._.»
..»_ ......
substrate nearly all sill clay .-.»»-».»._.»._».__»._». -- .».»....».»»..»».•» _»._.»_...........».......».__.... _ .. »..
SUOSefwF MOiy-Y SANd Add &MJ54
Remarks
' IV- Pool Variety Pools are areas of deeper than average maximum depths with little or no surface turbulence. Water velocities associated with
poois are always slow. Pools may take the form of "pocket water', small pods behind boulders or obstructions, in large high gradient streams.
A. Pods present
1. Pools Frequent » . 10
a. variety of pool sizes ........ _........... ».».»»..».»...... ......».». »».».....».».»...»._.».»..._.» ._..»».».» »»........ »» ». »».» .
b.pools same size ................._...... »._._».».»...»...».__.»».».......»....»....».».»..»....»_.».»__.».._......»» _.».»»..»...».».. 8
' 2. Pools Infrequent
a. variety of,pool sizes...__.»_._ .... ».».._. ...._.. .»» .».»... »._».»....»»_.» .. »__.»_....._ ........»._».».».... _»..
b.pools same size......._...» » »_». _ »_.».....»»..»......». _......».» .».....».»»..».»_..»__.»_.?._......__.»».._..»... »..»....» ». 4
B. Pools absent ».........» ».». »....»_....:». _.. »__..».» »_........_.».» ».....»..»»......» ........_.».»..._..._._.. _..».»».» ......»..»» ___ 0
' Remarks S Y)I ? /1N?P.1` tl P?l-S

V. RiMe Habitats
Riffles Frequent
Riffles Infrequent
6
1. well defined riffle and run. riffle as wide as stream and extends 2X width of stream ..... 10
2. riffle as wide as stream but riffle length is not 2X stream width ..........».» ..................... 8
3. riffle not as wide as stream and riffle length is not 2X stream width..--.---- ..._..»•••
».............. _.»...».6_.» .........»..0
C. times absent. .................................................. _.».».•....................
Total

VL Bank Stability LJL Bank Rt.Bank
1. banks stable
a. no evidence of erosion or bank failure ...».».»._....».»»..».»_......_____»._.»»..».-.--»»-----?-_-
?S/
b. areas of erosion mostly healed ......».___»»» »._ ..__. »._ _ ..» »._»._.»».» .» ..»..._.. _ ._..._.» ?
2. banks unstable- erosion arena present
3
3
?. a.50.70% of the streambank surfaces covered by stable 2 2
b25-50% of the streambank surfaces covered by stable material _ ...»? 1
` c.10.25% of the streambank surfaces covered by stable
1
0 Total 1
d.<10% of the streambank surfaces covered by stable
06
ITW
I
0 0
I
P
4-
1j lb LA00
Remarks
VII. Bank Vegetation
Lft. Bank
Rt. Bank
Stag ?
1.90 % or greater plant cover (diverse trees. shrubs, grass; plants healthy with good root systems).-....-..*....- 5
4
2.70.90 % plant cover (a few barren or thin areas: vegetation appears generally healthy) ......_- »..»__....»
3. 50-70 % plant cover (sparse trees and shrubs; plant types and conditions suggest poorer soil binding)..__. 3 3
' 4. < 50 % plant cover (many bare areas; thin grass. few if any trees and shrubs).».....:..._».____ 2 2
0 Total a
5. no bank vegetation. ............».......___.».»_». 0
?o0', ?IPm11 ; 1,17??
Remarks
Riparian Zone Measurements:
VLLL light Penetmdon (Canopy is defined as tree or vegetative cover directly above the stream's surface. Canopy would block
' out sunlight when the sun is directly overhead). SS=
A. Stream with good shading with some breaks for light
B. Stream with partial shading - sunlight and shading are essentially equal».». »._»._ _ » M 7
C Stream with nunirnal shading - frill sun in all but a few areas ..._......___..._......_..._....» . _ w _ . _ _ _ _.» _ _ - - - » 2
D. No 0
E. Stream with fall canopy - breaks for light penetration absent»..»..____.».»___»._»._________»_..»_......_
Remarks

LR Riparian Vegetative Zone Width
Definition: A break in the riparian zone is any area which allows sediment to pass through the zone.
LA Bank
1. riparian zone intact (no breaks)

a. zone width > 18 meters ......... ».»........ »...... ». »._._.......».» »».».» ... »
»...........» »».».» ..._.».».._» »._» »..
b. zone width 12-15 meters............ _..»....»»..»... ... »_... ».. .. ......_.» ».»».». » . » ».» .»_.
c. zone width 6-12 meters ........................ ................... »...... .».»_...».... ..................................................... 3
I zone width < 6 meters ..................... ».... »_.»»..»............»...._».......
2
.. ............................. .... ...»..........
2. riparian zone not intact (breaks)
a. breaks tare
4
i. zone width > 18 meters ...»........... ».. . » _ .... » » ... »... _.». ».».» .»___...._»..».
ii. zone width 12-18 meters ................................ ».»..... .......... .. ............................. __». »»........»_..» 3
iii. zone width 6-12 meters ............................................................. ............................................................ ..
iv. zone width < 6 meters ..........................................»......»........... ............................................................ 1
b. breaks common
3
i. zone width > 18 meters ............................................................. ...................................................».......
ii. zone width 12-18 meters .......................... .......... :.._...... ........... .......... _..................... »....... »............... 2
iii. zone width 6-12 meters ................................. ......... ....... ......... ............. »......................................... ... 1
iv. zone width < 6 meters ...................... ........................... ............ ........................ _..... »._..... »................ 0
Rt. Bank
r
4
3

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Total °7D
Remarks 0U`{. 1a $P??KS it) tAkIbPII% rd * A Pi---
TOTAL SCORE X01

228 THE RIVER FIELD BOOR - _ THE RWE
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nauata[ [issea>sncua rawer uuw
Mountain/ Piedmont Streams
' Directions for use of ibis Assessment: The observer is to survey a minimum of IW meters ojstream, pmefemb/y in an uptsawm direction starting above the
bridge pool and the road right-oj-woy. The strewn segment which is assessedshaald nepnesentaverage strmm conditum. hs order to perform a proper
habitat evaluation dre,observer needs to get into the stremn. AU meter readings need to be performed prior to waibng die .hewn. When working the habitat
ind m select the description which best f rs the observed habitats and thea ctmk the score. Ijthe observed habitat falls in between two description:: sleet as
intermediate score. There are nine dif ferent metritis in dus index and a f nal habitat score a determined by adding the n=kr from the different mar=*
Stream: ►+f 'fD 8����J �on: Road County RAW
Basin VAt1K�ri CC>I nate
Observer(s): %} 5 . ►, Ct1 L _ QEri'I�e` office Location MOW Agency
' Type of Study (circle one): Basinwide Fish enthos Special Study (Describe)
L 3�1%' 35/ Longitude $�oa-7 ��' Ecoregion (cisdeone) Mountain ieam
' Distance of Stream Surveyed_metecs
I]
C
Physical Characterization:
Land uses: Forest IDO % Active Pastme _% Act ye Crops % Fallow Fields _To Commercial _96 Industrial _% Residential _96
Other _%. Describe IDD *' I S!93F,101 fr5S
Width: (meters) Stream_ Channel__: Average Stream Depth: (m) �_ velocity tom'" s ft/sec
Flow conditions (circle one): High Low
Manmade Stabilization: Y( ] NJ4 Describe:
Water Quality:
Temperature k i - 3 -C Dissolved Oxygen .4 Condner vity b,07 p hos/cm PFI b
Turbidity: (circle) Q® Slightly Turbid Turbid Tannic
r
Weather Conditions: Sktinl Y " M' 6 TD PhotoM
Remarks: 6MALL Figg- eRdr'j? 5v?w • /6 ro kIoI^iiu) k6f7?3iim;

u
i�
fl
II�
11
l��
General Characteristics,
L Channel Modification (Use topo map as an additional aid for this parameter) .
A: channel natural
1. frequent bends (good diversity of bends or falls) ......»__..__— --- .»...».-- ------�-�— �»--~ 0
2. infrequent bends (long tuns).._._...»..»_.....»». ».»__ _......-_...»....... _ 8
B. channel modified (chanuelized)
1. bends present....._»._...»..._.__ _ »...................»............._.._ ..»_._ ..»..._._»...._._....».»...». _ _......»_ 4
2. bends
Remarks
Inctrea_m Measurements:
IL InstrVam Habitat arircl . the habitats which occur at tt`te nEC oI4(Mac:ophyttl) (sttdcs and leaf padts .(coags and logs
(undercut banks or root mats)Definition: ledpacksconsist of of ves that are packed together an gun w eca� y
Piles of leaves in pool areas are not considered leaf packs
ci,le Ha /'
bi atover �II B
tn
A. 3 or more habitat types pressor .».__». _.»._......__.» .. _».......»..»....».. --- 10.....».»»»»» 3
B. 1-2 habitat types
RemarksC � �^�11 _ .��Sl'Y)r'+1.. w S*6AA1
III. Bottom Substrate (silt, ,
detritus, grarei,;cabble, boarder)
A. substrate with good miz of gravel cobble and boulders
1. embeddedness Q590 »_ » ------------ »».__........._........._......_.__......_. ».. _..._..._.__»-__»...»
2. embeddedness 25-5090 ....»__ .. _..._.»_........_»»»_....».»......_.»_»........»_____..» ..._ .._.....»».»._
3. embeddedness 50-75% ...»» .» _.__._ .»_..»»__....--- ......_..»».._...--- ...».._..._..._
4. embeddedness >75%» —.»»..__.... ----- ___.__._......__....__..._..._.. — »....»...... _.»._._._.».____.. --
B. substrate gravel and cobble
1. embeddedness Q590 ----------------- » .__ ..»»........_....»_....»___ .......__»»...._»...... »..._.»_ .._ .
2..embeddedness 25-5090.»» ..._. __ _ _»._ » _ ..___ » .»....._..».»_ ...»_ _._ .._ _ . »_ ...».__________
3. embeddedness 5075% ..... ---- -------- ..____ .. .»..........»...---......»_..__»..»......_.».»......__.»____
4. embeddedness >75%_. ___»._». ___.».____— ----.»».----..._..-
C. substrate mostly gravel
1. embeddedness<50%.............. .....----------
2.
........_»....---»2. embeddedness >50% ... .._....... ._ _..._..._......__ .....»_ _...._ ....»»._. ...»»._._..._. » »._.._ »._ ._....._._.
D. substrate homgenous
substratenearly all bedrock. _ .... »_ »__ .. _ .. »».». __................._ . _________
substratenearly all sand ------------- ......._.__.» ....-- ...»__» .............»._ ._..............._.....» __.». ... » ».. _.
substratenearly all detritus ....» »» ....__ __.....».»_.....__ ...»....»»........».»...».._».....»...»._.».»..._ .._.......»_ ._._ »»....» ..»._._...
substratenearly all silt/ clay .................... ..._ ._ . ____.....__._..._». ....» ...»..».__ »....... ».»....»___....__..»_»....
Remarks /)1s.Y`!!er pta wp -; /,fit rm).),
kit-{�-4 QEre l71;t'F ��t5r�i 7(` lG'r:3?•
8
IV. Pool Variety Pools are areas of deeper than average maximum depths with little or no surface turbulence. Water velocities associated with
Pools are always slow. Pools may take the form of "pocket water". small pools behind boulders or obsttuWons. in large high gradient streams.
A. Pools present SM
1. Pools Frequent
a. variety of pool sizes ........................ »............... ............ __...... ».... ....... ........... ».......
.....»...».»._.».»_.»...»_....».....»..........
b.pools same size ................................... »......._ ._ . »_ »».».._ ........».......»..» ..._ ...._._ »._ .» .»..»_ .»..»_......:...».. 8
2. Pools Infrequent 6
a. variety of pod sizes ................... ............... .......... ..._...------------- ......--------- »....... »_ ______ . ». .._....................
b.pools same size ................ _................ .............»...................................................... 4
B. Pools absent- ..................................... ..... .......................... ....»..._._._....».........».........._ ...» .___ »....._.....»_..».»._....................._.»._ 0
.»
Remarks
Pob-
' V. RiMe Habitats
Riffles Frequent
1. well defined riffle and run. riffle as wide as stream and extends 2X width of stream ..... (iu�
'
Z. riffle as wide as stream but riffle length is not 2X stream width .....................................
3. riffle not as wide as stream and riffle length is not 2X stream width .. .................. ...... 6
C. tittles absent......................................................................................_....................................................................0
Riffles Infrequent
Score
7
Total

VL Bank Stability UL Baric RL Bank
L banks stable
a. no evidence of erasion or bank failure
b. meas of erosion mostly healed...»»»..._»..»».»._......».._»..»».»_»»...__».»..»...»..»»....... » 5
2. banks unstable- erosion areas present
L50.70% of the streambank surfaces covered by stable material3 3
b15-50% of the saeambank surfaces covered by stable material._ _.....».»....� . _.. ».__� ». � 2
c.10.25% of the streambank surfaces covered by stable material».».».» ..»_ » ...».». » _� 1 1
d.<10% of the streambank surfaces covered by stable material_... »_ . _». » ..» ..».- ..-»»»-.-»--.-»» -- 0 0 Total ' "i
Remarks St3l Bv►�5 �m u�,��r�rn�tf
VII. Bank Vegetation
LR Bank Rt. Bank
1.90 % or greater plant cover (diverse trees. shrubs. grass: plants healthy with good toot systems).»,
2.70-90 % plant cover (a few barren or thin areas: vegetation appears generally heutiWy).»»._ ...:...».--_—.» 4 4
3.50-70 % plant cover (sparse trees and shrubs: plant types and conditions suggest poorer soil binding)._ 3 3
4. < 50 % plant cover (many bare areas: thin grass. few if any trees and shrubs).-- »_ 2
5. no bank vegetation....»..».».»»..»»»..» ---.-- --- .0 0 TEL—Lo—
Remarks
utLoRemarks &OCI Lt)►i %
'Riparian Zone Measurements:
VIII. Light Penetration (Canopy is defined as tree or vegetative cover directly above the stream's surface- Canopy would block
'out sunlight when the sun is directly overhead). ' '
A. Stream with good shading with some breaks for light penetration-.»»».---------
B.
.._..---....»»B. Stream with partial shading -sunlight and shading are essentially equal....».» »..»____ � ��� ��"' M_»_..._�......__.....�... 7
C Stream with minimal shading -hill sum in all but a few areas— 2
'D. No shading» ___..».................»._.»___.........»»»»._ .............»..._».__.» 0 E. Stream with fall canopy.- breaks for light penetration absenL.»»»_»_»._-...».».....». — ».-».--.»-.----__-----------
Remarks—
IX
----
RemarksIX Riparian Vegetative Zone Width
' Definition: A break in the riparian zone is any area which allows sediment to pass through the zone.
LR. Bank RL Bank
1. riparian zone intact (no breaks)
a. zone width > 18 meters .........» » .......»» .»».» .».»». » ».»»._ .. ».» .»....»».».»..»»._.»......_.»----
81
' b. zone width 12-18 meters......»»..»...» »... » ..» » _ ._ »».» ».... » ...».»».».......» ».».»». __.4 4
c. zone width 6.12 meters .... ................... ................. »... »».»..»...» _» .......».»».».......»..» ».»»._».....».» 3 3
d. zone width <6 meters ......... ....
_...._ .».» ..»_..» .» . _. ». ...».»..»....»..._ ..». _»...»».»._....». 2
' 2. riparian zone not intact (breaks) _
L breaks rare
Lzone width > 18 meters--.-....»...»». »_.......»_»._». ------------ ......---------- 4 4
Izone width 12-18 meters ......... »... »....».»»....».... ».» .»» » »....»....»..»»._.»....» ... ». »»........»».». 3 3
iii. zone width 6.12 meters.........................................................................».....»...»..»».....»...............»... »
iv. zone width < 6 meters .................».».............»»..» » »»..».»»..».»... ...». ».»....»._».....».........»..». 1 l
b. breaks common
i. zone width > 18 meters ....................................»........»_»..»»..»»....»..»....».........»..»...........».-..... 3 3
ii. zone width 12-18 meters ......... ....... »..».»»....... �.» »..». »....». ».......»»....».....» .» ».».»...»....... ... 2
iii. zone width 6-12 ' meters ................................... ... »..»».»...... »..»......................... .»...»........»....»».». 1 1 � iv. zone width < 6 meters ................:.». ..»..»». ... ».............................. .»».»..-......
............
0 0 Total
Remarks
' TOTAL SCORE Alk)
11

6
ii
n ,
vast
nj
{ A ` in; still '

APPENDIX D
Channel Profile and Substrate Data

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APPENDIX E
Groundwater Gauge Hydrographs

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APPENDIX F
Vegetation Plot Data
L
H,
7

'
Piedmont/Mountain Swamp Forest (Plot 4:
Not Planted)
'
Percent of
Total Trees/
Total
Percent of
Trees/Acre for
Acre for
Characteristic
Trees/
Total Trees/
Success
Success
Wetland
'
Common name
Scientific name
Stems Acre
Acre
Criteria
Criteria Comments'
Status.
Species'
box -elder
Acernegundo
3 55
1.1
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
red maple
Acer rubrum
84 1527
29.5
64
0
1
0.0
V, R
V
FAC
FACW
Yes
No
giant cane
Arundinaria gigantea
0 0
0.0
.0
river birch
Betula nigra
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
8 145
2.8
64
12.5
V , R
FAC
Yes
'
bitternut hickory
Carya cordiformis
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
mockemut hickory
Carya tomentosa
1 18
0.4
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
'
hackberry
Celtis laevigata
1 18
0.4
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW+
No
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
No
flowering dogwood
Comus florida
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
4 73
1.4
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
26 473
9.1
64
12.5
V. R
FACW
Yes
honey locust
Gleditsia tricanthos
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
'
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
13 236
4.6
64
12.5
V, R
V
FACW-
FAC-
Yes
No
American holly
Ilex opaca
4 73
1.4
0
0.0
holly sp.
flex sp.
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
WA
No
black walnut
Juglans nigra
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
V
V
FACU
FACU-
No
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
2 36
0.7
0
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
86 1564
30.2
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
'
sweet -gum
Liquidambarsryraciflua
5 91.
1.8
64
0
12.5
0.0
V, R
V
FAC+
OBL
Yes _
No
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
2 36
0.7
sourwood
Oxydendrum arboreum
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
loblolly pine
Pinus raeda
4 73
1.4
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
'
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
white oak
Quercus alba
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
'
shingle oak
Quercus imbricaria
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
1 18
0.4
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
64
12.5
V, R
FACW-
Yes
willow oak
Quercus phellos
16 291
5.6
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
'
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0 0
0.0
Yes
red oak sp.
Quercus sp.
10 182
3.5
64
12.5
V, R
N/A
willow sp.
Salix sp.
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V, S
N/A
No
'
elderberry
Sambucus canadensis
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
V, R
FACW-
FACU+
No
No
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
winged elm
Ulmus alata
64
12.5
V, R
FACW
Yes
American elm
Ulmus americana
15 273
5.3
WA
No
elm sp.
Ulmus sp.
0 0
0.0-
0
0.0
0.0
V
V
FAC
No
arrowwood
Viburnum dentatum
0 0
0.0
0
viburnum sp.
Viburnum Sp.
0 0
0.0
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
'
TOTAL =
285 5182
100.0
512
100.0
1 » P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in
reference forest according to Schafale
and Weakley (1990);
S = softwood
2 - Characteristic
species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
t
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.

�.
Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest (Plots 1 and 2:
Planted)
'
Percent of
Percent of Trees/Acre
Total Trees/ .
Total
Total
for
Acre for
Wetland
Characteristic
Trees/
Trees/
Success
Success
'
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Acre
Acre
Criteria
Criteria Comments'
Status
Speciei2
box -eider
Acernegundo
6
27
0.5
30
5.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
red maple
Acer rubrum
159
723
13.3
64
11.3
V, R
FAC
Yes
'
giant cane
Arundinaria gigantea
9
41
0.8
0
0.0
P
FACW
No
river birch
Betula nigra
21
95
1.8
64
11.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
26
118
2.2
64
11.3
P, R
FAC
Yes
'
bitternut hickory
Carya cordiformis
15
68
1.3
64
11:3
P, R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
5
23
0.4
.0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockemut hickory
Carya tomentosa
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
WA
No
'
hackberry
Celtis laevigata
2
9
0.2
10
1.8
V, R
FACW
Yes
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
104
473
8.7
64
11.3
P, R
FACW+
Yes
flowering dogwood
Comus f/orida
42
191
3.5
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
'
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
3
14
0.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
FACW
No
Yes
green ash
Frdxinus pennsy/vanica
20
91
1.7
64
11.3
P, R
honey locust
Gleditsia tricanthos
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
37
168
3.1
0
0.0
V
V, R
FACW-
FAC-
No
No
American holly
Ilex opaca
22
100
1.8
0
0.0
holly sp.
Ilex sp.
4
18
0.3
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
black walnut
Jug/ans nigra
1
5
0.1
0
0
0.0
0.0
P, R
V
FACU
FACU-
No
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
2
9
0.2
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
363
1650
30.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
71
323.
5.9
64
11.3
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
6
27
0.5
0
0.0
P
OBL
No
sourwood
Oxydendrum arboreum
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
P
NI
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
52
236
4.3
0
0.0
V, s
FAC
No
'
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
3
14
0.3
15
2.6
P, R
FACW-
Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
14
64
1.2
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
white oak
Quercus alba
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
'
shingle oak
Quercus imbricaria
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
P, R
FAC-
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
24
109
2.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
'
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
P, V
FACU
N/A
No
No
red oak sp.
Quercus sp.
51
232
4.3
0
0.0
P
willow sp. '
Salix sp.
44
200
3.7
0
0.0
P, S
WA
No
elderberry
Sambucus canadensts
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
P
V,
FACW-
FACU+
No
No
winged elm
Ulmus alata
'16
73
1.3
0
American elm
Ulmus americana
32
145
2.7
64
11.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
'
elm sp.
UImuS sp.
22
100
1.8
0
0
0.0
0.0
P, V
V
WA
FAC
No
No
arrowwood
Viburnum dentatum
8
36
0.7
viburnum sp.
Viburnum sp.
S
23
0.4
0
0.0
V
WA
No
'
TOTAL =
1197
5441
100.0
567
100.0
1 - P = planted; V = volunteer, R = occurs in reference forest according to schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found
within the
reference community that
are
'
1) native, planted species
with a wettand status of FAC or
wetter, or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wettand status of
FAC or wetter.
-- Species planted for streambank stabilization that are not a characteristic species.

Piedmont/Mountain Swamp Forest (Plot 3: Planted)
If -C cn 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P, V WA No
arrowwood Vbumum dentatum 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 V FAG NO
vibumum sp. Viburnum sp. 1 - 9 0.2 0 0.0 V NIA No
TOTAL 607 5518 100.0 424 100.0
1 - P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 - Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter, or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.
Percent of
Percent of
Trees/Acre
Total Trees/
Total
Total
for
Acre for
Wetland
Characteristic
Trees/
Trees/
Success
Success
Status
Species
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Acre
Acre
Criteria
Criteria
Comments'
box eider
Acer negundo
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW
No
red maple
Acer rubrum
120
1091
19.8
64
15.1
V, R
FAC
Yes
giant cane
Arundinaria gigantea
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW
No .
river birch
Betula nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW
No
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
1
9
0.2
10
2.4
P, R
FAC
Yes
bittemut hickory
Carya cordiformis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FAC
No
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
2
18
0.3
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockemut hickory
Carya tomentosa
1
9
0.2
0
0.0
P
WA
No
hackberry
Celtis laevigata
5
45
0.8
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW+
No
flowering dogwood
Cornus florida
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
15
136
2.5
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
46
418
7.6
64
15.1
P, R
FACW
Yes
honey locust
Gleditsia tricanthos
1
9
0.2
0
0.0
V
FAG
No
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
3
27
0.5
30
7.1
V, R
FACW-
Yes
American holly
Ilex opaca
5
45
0.8
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
holly sp.
Ilex sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
black walnut
Juglans nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
104
945
17.1
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Llquidambarstyraciflua
137
1245.
22.6
64
15.1
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
4
36
0.7
0
0.0
P
OBL
No
sourwood
Oxydendrum arboreum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
NI
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
64
582
10.5
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
4
36
0.7
0
0.0
P
FACW-
No
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
white oak
Quercus alba
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
shingle oak
Quercus imbncana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FAC-
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
15
136
2.5
64
15.1
V, R
FACW-
Yes
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, V
FACU
No
red oaksp.
Quercus sp.
39
355
6.4
64
15.1
P, R
WA
Yes
willow sp.
Salix sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, S
WA
No
elderberry
Sambucus canadensis
4
36
0.7
0
0.0
P
FACW-
No
winged elm
ulmus alata
25
227
4.1
0
0.0
V, R •
FACU+
No
e.nnrilmn aim
ulmus americana
11
100
_ 1.8
64
15.1
P, R
FACW
Yes
If -C cn 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P, V WA No
arrowwood Vbumum dentatum 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 V FAG NO
vibumum sp. Viburnum sp. 1 - 9 0.2 0 0.0 V NIA No
TOTAL 607 5518 100.0 424 100.0
1 - P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 - Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter, or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.

APPENDIX G
Photographic Record of Vegetation Plots

11
1
APPENDIX F
1
Vegetation Plot Data
fl
�7

0
Piedmont/Mountain Swamp Forest (Plot 4: Not Planted)
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Total
Trees/
Acre
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre
Trees/Acre for
Success
Criteria
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
Speclesz
box -elder
Acernegundo
3
55
1.1
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
red maple
Acer rubrum
84
1527
29.5
64
12.5
V, R
FAC
Yes
giant cane
Arundinaria gigantea
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
river birch
Betula nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
8
145
2.8
64
12.5
V, R
FAC
Yes
bitternut hickory
Carya cordiformis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
1
18
0.4
0
0.0
V
WA
No
hackberry
Celtis laevigata
1
18.
0.4
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW+
No
flowering dogwood
Comus f/odda
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
4
73
1.4
0
U
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
26
473
9.1
64
12.5
V, R
FACW
Yes
honey locust
Gleditsia tricanthos
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
13
236
4.6
64
12.5
V, R
FACW-
Yes
American holly
Ilex opaca
4
73
1.4
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
holly sp.
Ilex sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
black walnut
Juglans nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
2
36
0.7
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
86
1564
30.2
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
5
91
1.8
64
12.5
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
2
36
0.7
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
sourwood
Oxydendrum arboreum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
4
73
1.4
0.
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
white oak
Quercus alba
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
shingle oak
Quercus imbricaria
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
1
18
0.4
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
16
291
5.6
64
12.5
V, R
FACW-
Yes
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
red oak sp.
Quercus sp.
10
182
3.5
64
12.5
V, R
N/A
Yes
willow sp.
Salix sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, S
NIA
No
elderberry
Sambucus canadensis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
winged elm
Ulmus alata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACU+
No
American elm
Ulmus americana
15
273
5.3
64
12.5
V, R
FACW
Yes
elm sp.
Ulmus sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
arrowwood
Vibumum dentatum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
viburnum sp.
Viburnum sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NIA
No
TOTAL =
285
5182
100.0
512
100.0
1 - P = planted; V = volunteer, R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter, or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.

li
L
i
Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest (Plots 1 and 2: Planted)
red maple
Percent of
159
723
Percent of Trees/Acre Total Trees/
64
Total
Total for Acre for
FAC
Trees/
Trees/ Success Success Wetland
Characteristic
Common name Scientific name Stems Acre
Acre Criteria Criteria Comments' Status
Species2
box -elder Acernegundo 6 27
0.5 30 5.3 P. R FACW
Yes
red maple
Acer rubrum
159
723
13.3
64
11.3
V, R
FAC
Yes
giant cane
Arundinaria gigantea
9
41
0.8
0
0.0
P
FACW
No
river birch
Betula nigra
21
95
1.8
64
11.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
26
118
2.2
64
11.3
P, R
FAC
Yes
bitternut hickory
Carya cordiformis
15
68
1.3
64
11.3
P, R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
5
23
0.4
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockemut hickory
Carya tomentosa
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
N/A
No
hackberry
Celtis laevigata
2
9.
0.2
10
1.8
V, R
FACW
Yes
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
104
473
8.7
64
11.3
P, R
FACW+
Yes
flowering dogwood
Comus florida
42
191
3.5
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
3
14
0.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
20
91
1.7
64
11.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
honey locust
Gleditsia tricanthos
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
37
168
3.1
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
American holly
Ilex opaca
22
100
1.8
0
0.0
V, R
FAC-
No
holly sp.
Ilex sp.
4
18
0.3
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
black walnut
Juglans nigra
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
P. R
FACU
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
363
1650
30.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambar styraciflua
71
323
5.9
64
11.3
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
6
27
0.5
0
0.0
P
OBL
No
sourwood
Oxydendrum arboreum
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
P
NI
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
52
236
4.3
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
3
14
0.3
15
2.6
P, R
FACW-
Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
14
64
1.2
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
white oak
Quercus alba
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
shingle oak
Quercus imbricaria
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
P, R
FAC-
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
24
109
2.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
P. V
FACU
No
red oak sp. Quercus sp. 51 232 4.3 0
0.0
P
N/A
No
willow sp. ' Salix sp. 44 200 3.7 0
0.0
P, S
N/A
No
elderberry Sambucus canadensis 0 0 0.0 0
0.0
P
FACW-
No
winged elm Ulmus alata 16 73 1.3 0
0.0
V
FACU+
No
American elm Ulmus americana 32 145 2.7 64
11.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
elm sp.' Ulmus sp. 22 100 1.8 0
0.0
P, V
N/A
No
arrowwood Viburnum dentatum 8 36 0.7 0
0.0
V
FAC
No
viburnum sp. Viburnum sp. 5 23 0.4 0
0.0
V
N/A
No
TOTAL = 1197 5441 100.0 567
100.0
1 -- P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.
-- Species planted for streambank stabilization that are not a characteristic species.
= softwood

0
Piedmont/Mountain Swamp Forest (Plot 3: Planted)
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
1
9
0.2
10
Percent of
P, R
FAC
Yes
bitternut hickory
Carya cordiformis
0
0
Percent of
Trees/Acre
Total Trees/
P
FAC
No
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
2
Total
Total
for
Acre for
P
FACU
No
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Trees/
Acre
Trees/
Acre
Success
Criteria
Success
Criteria
Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
Species2
box -elder
Acernegundo
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW
No
red maple
Acerrubrum
120
1091
19.8
64
15.1
V, R
FAC
Yes
giant cane
Arundinaria gigantea
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW
No
river birch
Betula nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW
No
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
1
9
0.2
10
2.4
P, R
FAC
Yes
bitternut hickory
Carya cordiformis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FAC
No
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
2
18
0.3
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
1
9
0.2
0
0.0
P
WA
No
hackberry
Ce/tis laevigata
5
45
0.8
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW+
No
flowering dogwood
Comus flodda
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
15
136
2.5
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
46
418
7.6
64
15.1
P, R
FACW
Yes
honey locust
Gleditsia tricanthos
1
9
0.2
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
3
27
0.5
30
7.1
V, R
FACW-
Yes
American holly
Ilex opaca
5
45
0.8
0
0.0
V
FAG
No
holly sp.
Ilex sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NIA
No
black walnut
Juglans nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
104
945
17.1
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Llquidambarstyraciflua
137
1245
22.6
64
15.1
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvadca
4
36
0.7
0
0.0
P
OBL
No
sourwood
Oxydendrum arboreum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
NI
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
64
582
10.5
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
4
36
0.7
0
0.0
P
FACW-
No
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
white oak
Quercus alba
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
shingle oak
Quercus imbdcaha
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FAC-
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
15
136
2.5
64
15.1
V, R
FACW-
Yes
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, V
FACU
No
red oak sp.
Quercus sp.
39
355
6.4
64
15.1
P. R
NIA
Yes
willow sp.
Salix sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P. S
NIA
No
elderberry
Sambucus canadensis
4
36
0.70
0.0
P
FACW-
No
winged elm
t us alata
25
227
4.1
0
0.0
V, R
FACU+
No
American elm
Ulmus americana
11
100
1.8
64
15.1
P, R
FACW
Yes
elm sp.
Ulmus sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, V
N/A
No
arrowwood
Viburnum dentatum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
viburnum sp.
Viburnum sp.
1
9
0.2
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
TOTAL =
607
5518
100.0
424
100.0
1 -- P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter, or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.

n
C
APPENDIX G
Photographic Record of Vegetation Plots
1

,i
•
3b•
7

EcoScience Corporation
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 919-828-3433
EcoScience
March 15, 2007
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
US Army Corps of Engineers
PO Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Re: Annual Monitoring Report (Year 5)
Anson County Waste Management Facility
Stream and Wetland Restoration Project,
Anson County, North Carolina.
USACE Action ID 199800592
To Whom It May Concern:
On behalf of Allied Waste Industries (AWI), EcoScience Corporation (ESC) is providing you with
the fifth year monitoring report for the Anson County Waste Management Facility Stream and
Wetland Restoration Site located in Anson County. One copy of the document is enclosed for your
use. We will forward a copy of the document to John Dorney of the N.C. Division of Water Quality
for Section 401 review.
In summary, the mitigation site met success criteria as stipulated in the mitigation plan and approved
as part of your Section 404 and 401 permits for the adjacent landfill. This marks the final year of
project monitoring. AWI is currently taking final steps to place the property under a dedicated
conservation easement. Accordingly, ESC would like to schedule a final site meeting with you to
evaluate the project.
Please contact Jim Cooper or myself at ESC to schedule this meeting or if you have any questions.
The office number at ESC is 919.828.3433.
Sincerely,
CORPORATION
r=
c�od�p
MAR i 8 2007
SAW aSTORA1MTERQuAiTy
ORRM M
cc: John Dorney, N.C. Division of Water Quality (1 copy of the Year 5 Monitoring Report)
Mike Gurley, AWI

ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 5)
ANSON COUNTY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PROJECT
ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for:
Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc
Anson County, North Carolina
Prepared by:
EcoScience
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
[phone]
January 2007

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................i
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF TABLES ii
ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1
1.1
Project Description.................................................................................................
1
1.2
Project Chronology................................................................................................
4
2.0 STREAM MONITORING.................................................................................................
5
2.1
MONITORING PROGRAM....................................................................................
5
2.1.1 Physical Stream Attributes.......................................................................
5
2.1.2 Biological Stream Attributes.....................................................................
5
2.1.3 In -Stream Flow........................................................................................
5
2.2
MONITORING RESULTS......................................................................................
6
2.2.1 Physical Stream Attributes.......................................................................
6
2.2.2 Biological Stream Attributes.....................................................................
6
2.2.3 In -Stream Flow......................................................................................
16
2.3
EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA.............................................................
16
3.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY MONITORING..................................................................... 19
3.1 MONITORING PROGRAM.................................................................................. 19
3.2 MONITORING RESULTS.................................................................................... 19
3.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA............................................................. 19
4.0 WETLAND VEGETATION MONITORING.................................................................... 22
4.1 MONITORING PROGRAM.................................................................................. 22
4.2 MONITORING RESULTS.................................................................................... 22
4.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA............................................................. 24
5.0 POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS.................................................................................. 28
6.0 SUMMARY................................................................................................................... 30
7.0 APPENDICES.............................................................................................................. 32

11
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure1.
Site Location.......................................................................................................2
Figure 2.
Plan View: Stream and Wetland Creation Area...................................................3
Figure 3A.
Plan View and Cross-sections (Middle Reach)....................................................9
Figure 3B.
Plan View and Cross-sections (Middle Reach)..................................................10
Figure 3C.
Plan View and Cross-sections (Lower Reach)..................................................11
Figure 3D.
Plan View and Cross-sections (Lower Reach)..................................................12
Figure 3E.
Cross-sections (Upper Reach)..........................................................................13
Figure 3F.
Cross-sections (Upper Reach)..........................................................................14
Figure4.
Bio -monitoring Sites..........................................................................................15
Figure 5.
Stream Hydrograph (Water Level and Velocity).................................................17
Figure 6.
Groundwater Gauge Locations and Wetland Boundary Determination ..............20
Figure 7.
Planting Plan and Vegetation Plots....................................................................23
Figure8.
Problem Areas...................................................................................................29
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Morphological Stream Characteristics....................................................................7
Table 2. Summary of Hydrology Monitoring Data...............................................................21
Table 3. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Alluvial Forest)........................................25
Table 4. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Planted Area) .................26
Table 5. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Non -planted Area) ..........27

L
1
1
11
ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 5)
ANSON COUNTY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PROJECT
ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc. (Chambers) has developed and begun
operations at the Anson Waste Management Facility located off US Route 74 between
Polkton and Wadesboro, Anson County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The property selected for
the waste management facility (hereafter referred to as the "Facility") consists of
approximately 793 acres bounded by Pinch Gut Creek to the east, Brown Creek to the north
and west, and CSX Railroad to the south. The location of the waste disposal area (hereafter
referred to as the "Disposal Area") encompasses approximately 133 acres within the Facility
and is designed to accommodate future waste disposal needs for the county and surrounding
region. Construction of the Disposal Area results in unavoidable impacts to 0.49 acre of
jurisdictional wetlands and 1085 linear feet of perennial stream.
A detailed mitigation plan was developed to off -set unavoidable impacts caused by
construction of the Disposal Area. A forested stream and wetland complex (hereafter
referred to as the "Site"), situated below Sediment Basin #1, was proposed to maximize
treatment of surface water and groundwater runoff prior to the confluence with Pinch Gut
Creek (Figure 2). Mitigation efforts were designed to re -construct a shallower, meandering
stream channel on the abandoned floodplain and re-establish groundwater wetland
hydroperiods across the adjacent floodplain surface. Plans were reviewed and accepted by
the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the North Carolina Division of
Water Quality (NCDWQ). The North Carolina Section 401 Water Quality Certification
(No. 3247) was granted on September 27, 1999. The Section 404 Individual Permit
(No. 199800592) was granted on April 3, 2000.
Construction plans were developed from the detailed mitigation plan and used as a template
to guide construction work. Restoration construction activities were initiated in early
February 2001 and completed during April 2001. Water flow was diverted into the
constructed channel on April 16, 2001. During construction several important changes were
made with respect to the original design in order to facilitate the construction process and
ultimately increase the Site's chances for success. Included with these changes was an
increase in the Site's size from approximately 9.0 acres to approximately 23.6 acres, a
significant increase in the length of constructed stream (from approximately 2040 linear feet
to approximately 2800 linear feet), and a significant increase in potential acreage for wetland
mitigation opportunities. A supplemental planting for logged wetland areas was completed in
the Spring of 2002. Modifications to the mitigation plan were reviewed and approved by the
USACE (Angie Pennock, January 2002).
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Corporation ANSON WASTE MANAGEMENT FACIL17Y
YEAR 5 AADN17ORIAIG REPORT
Raleigh, North Carolina ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Dwn. by:
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Date:
DEC 2006
Project 06-2134

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' The mitigation plan outlined monitoring procedures designed to track wetland and stream
development after restoration activities were completed. The monitoring plan requires
' annual monitoring for a minimum 5 -year period and analysis of the data to evaluate
quantitative success criteria. The monitoring plan is attached for reference in Appendix A.
This document represents the fifth Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) designed to track
wetland and stream development as outlined in the monitoring plan. Hydrology, vegetation,
and stream parameters have been monitored throughout the 2006 growing season. Per the
'
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE)
request, groundwater hydrology has been
continuously monitored throughout the calendar year. Site data has been compared with
'
hydrology model predictions, regulatory wetland criteria, and reference (i.e., relatively
undisturbed) stream characteristics and vegetative communities in the region. In accordance
with the most recent USACE Regulatory Guidance
Letter, dated August 2006, the Year 5
'
AMR includes a discussion of Site problem
remedial action.
areas and recommendations for potential
'
1.2 Project Chronology
Review of On -Site Jurisdictional Areas
February 17, 1998
(USACE)
'
Perennial Stream Limit Determination
February 4, 1999
Site Identification
June 1998
Detailed Mitigation Plan
June 1999
Sec. 401 Water Quality Certification
Issued (NCDWQ)
September 27, 1999
'
Monitoring Plan
August 2000
Sec. 404 Wetland Permit Issued (USACE)
April, 2000
Site Construction and Planting
February - April 2001
'
Flow Diversion
April 16, 2001
As -built Stream and Wetland Report
September 2001
Post Project Review of Site
January 2002
'
(USACE, Angie Pennock)
Monitoring Wells and Stream Gauge Installed
February 2002
Supplemental Planting in Cut -Over Areas
March 2002
'
First Year Field Monitoring
September and October 2002
Second Year Field Monitoring
September and October 2003
Site Maintenance (Channel Plug Improvements)
June —July 2004
Third Year Field Monitoring
September and October 2004
Fourth Year Field Monitoring
November and December 2005
Fifth Year Field Monitoring
September and October 2006

J
2.0 STREAM MONITORING
2.1 MONITORING PROGRAM
2.1.1 Physical Stream Attributes
The monitoring plan calls for measurement of stream geometry attributes along a minimum
300 -foot reach. Annual fall monitoring protocol includes development of a channel plan view,
channel cross-sections on riffles and pools, pebble counts, and a water surface profile.
Specific stream data to be presented includes 1) riffle cross-sectional area, 2) bankfull width,
3) average depth, 4) maximum depth, 5) width/depth ratio, 6) meander wavelength, 7) belt
width, 8) water surface slope, 9) sinuosity, and 10) stream substrate composition. The
stream has been classified based on fluvial geomorphologic principles outlined in Applied
River Morphology (D. Rosgen, Applied River Morphology, Wildland Hydrology, 1996).
Significant changes in channel morphology have been tracked and reported by comparing
data in each successive monitoring year.
2.1.2 Biological Stream Attributes
The monitoring plan was devised to provide for biological sampling of the stream channel
prior to diversion of flow and again after Years 3 and 5. However, the NCDWQ has asked
that biological sampling be performed annually. Therefore, an evaluation of bio -monitoring
success criteria has appeared in all AMRs. The procedures and methodologies for biological
monitoring have been modified to follow the standards put forth by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) January 1997 biological monitoring protocols
and the NCDWQ draft guide for benthic sampling. The Qual-4 sampling method has been
adapted from the May 2000 final draft of the Interim, Internal Technical Guide for Benthic
Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Protocols for Compensatory Stream Restoration Projects from
NCDWQ.
' The biological samples provide a means to track taxonomic diversity over time. Specifically,
the numbers of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa have been
monitored and evaluated. The EPT taxa are not generally considered primary stream
colonizers and, therefore, are not typically found in newly established streams. All taxa have
been identified to the lowest practical level. The number of EPT genera/species is typically
expected to increase through the 5 -year monitoring period. An evaluation of in -stream and
' riparian habitat has also been conducted at each monitoring location, following the NCDWQ
habitat classification system.
2.1.3 In -Stream Flow
In -stream flows have been measured through placement of a continuous monitoring, stream
flow gauge within the constructed channel. The gauge is capable of recording stream stage
(feet), velocity (feet/second), and discharge (cubic feet per second, CFS). The data is
reported as peak daily flows for channel velocity (feet/second), discharge (CFS), and stage in
' tabular and graphic format.
1

fl
1
2.2 MONITORING RESULTS
2.2.1 Physical Stream Attributes
After the fifth year of monitoring, the stream restoration effort includes approximately
2800 linear feet of constructed stream on new location and approximately 1240 linear feet of
reactivated backwater channel through the floodplain of Pinch Gut Creek. Six permanent
cross-sections were established along the constructed stream channel in 2001, two in the
upper reaches, two in the middle reaches, and two in the lower reaches. The current year
cross-sectional data has been superimposed on past year's data to track aggradation or
degradation in the channel. Stream channel morphological characteristics are provided in
Table 1.
Channel Dimension Attributes
Channel dimension attributes were obtained from the surveyed cross-sections depicted in
Figures 3A -3F. The constructed channel currently exhibits a bankfull mean width of 2.9 feet,
a bankfull mean depth of 0.6 feet, and a mean bankfull width/depth ratio of 4.8. The mean
bankfull cross-sectional area is 1.4 square feet and ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 square feet.
Channel dimension attributes remain consistent with parameters established under as -built
conditions.
Channel Pattern, Slope, and Substrate
The entire length of the constructed channel was walked and visually assessed for changes
during the fifth year of project monitoring. Based on the qualitative analysis, the channel has
supported stable pattern and slope attributes since the first year of monitoring; therefore,
quantitative measurements remain similar to those performed in Year 2. Channel substrate
is markedly finer than that observed in Year 4 (2005) project monitoring.
2.2.2 Biological Stream Attributes
Current year benthic surveys were performed on September 20, 2006. On-site monitoring
sites are shown in Figure 4. The reference stream (UT to Little Brown Creek) location is
shown in Appendix B. Results of the current year monitoring data are provided in
Appendix B.
Year 5 (2006) benthic data indicate increases in both the total number of taxa and total
number of organisms collected relative to Year 4 (2005). In Year 5, 131 total organisms
representing 20 taxa were collected at Station 1 (upstream station), while 53 organisms from
13 taxa were collected at Station 2 (downstream station). In 2005, 54 organisms from
13 taxa were collected at Station 1, while 19 organisms representing 13 taxa were collected
at Station 2. No EPT organisms were collected from either Station 1 or Station 2 in 2006.
The contrast between Year 5 and Year 4 benthic data is likely attributable to drought
conditions experienced in the Year 4 monitoring year, which limited the stream base flow
required to support the populations of many benthic macroi nve rteb rate populations, including
EPT taxa. A benthic sample was also collected from the project's reference stream in
Year 5. A total of 133 organisms were collected from 40 taxa, including 11 EPT taxa.
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As a part of the biological stream attribute assessment, a habitat assessment data sheet has
been completed to describe the potential habitat and physical conditions of the stream. A
' copy of the habitat assessment data sheet is in Appendix B. The habitat assessment
measures characteristics associated with mature streams including bend angles, in -stream
habitat features, substrate, bank stability measures, and vegetation parameters. The current
' year habitat assessment score for this stream is 87 out of a possible 100, a slight decrease
from a score of 91 received in Year 4. This slight decrease in score can be attributed to
excess sediment that continues to be transported through the Site from adjacent and
' upstream locations. Overall, the assessment gave high scores for instream habitat, bank
stability, light penetration (i.e. good shading), and riparian vegetation width. Medium scores
' were attributed to substrate type and pool variety. The pre -construction stream received a
habitat assessment score of 61 out of a possible 100.
' The reference stream received a habitat assessment score of 97 out of a possible 100.
Completed stream habitat assessment forms describing the physical habitat characteristics
present in the channel prior to construction and reference site sampling have been used for
' comparison with subsequent sampling dates.
2.2.3 Instream Flow
' An ISCO brand, continually monitoring stream gauge is located at the lower end of the
stream culvert located in the roadway in the western portion of the Site. Data recorded for
this monitoring year include water levels and velocity from January 2006 to October 2006.
The yearly hydrograph is shown in Figure 5. The graph depicts water levels punctuated by
numerous small and large rain events which occurred regularly through the monitoring
' period. Average daily discharge at the stream gauge location was calculated at 1.14 cubic
feet per second (cfs) and average hourly base flow (discarding peak flow periods) was
estimated to be approximately 0.4 cfs. At or slightly above bankfull stage, stream velocities
' approach 1.5 to 2.5 feet/second, and often exceed 3-5 feet/second (Appendix C). Data also
show that stream stage exceeded the riffle maximum bankfull depth of 0.8 feet on several
occasions during the fifth monitoring year, indicating several bankfull events.
L2.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
' Success criteria for stream restoration has been subdivided into three primary components:
1) successful classification of the reach as a functioning stream system, 2) channel stability
indicative of a stable stream system, 3) sufficient hydrology to support a perennial stream,
' and 4) development of biological communities over time.
1. For classification purposes, the stream supports an entrenchment ratio greater
than 2.2 and a width/depth ratio less than 12. The channel exhibits high sinuosity
(>1.5) and an average riffle slope between 0.004 and 0.006 (rise/run). The riffle
substrate was observed to be dominated by gravel; however, due to constant land
' disturbance at the adjacent landfill site and the subsequent influx of finer sediment
into the restored stream channel, present year monitoring data indicate a reach -
wide median particle size (d50) of silt/clay. Stream geometry and substrate
' measurements under current conditions suggest a stable E stream type, as
proposed in the mitigation plan.
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' 2. The as -built meander geometry and channel dimension relationships compare
favorably with the emulated, stable E stream type set forth in the mitigation plan
(Table 1). Based on pattern, dimension, profile, and substrate measurements
depicted in Table 1 and Figure 3, current monitoring has demonstrated the stream
geometry of the constructed stream has been relatively stable the past several
years.
3. The stream flow data demonstrates both the perennial nature of the stream and
that numerous bankfull events occurred without significant changes to the channel
geometry. Perennial streams are generally recognized as those that flow
' throughout a majority of the year (i.e. greater than 90 percent of the time) and flow
in a well-defined channel. However, perennial streams can still `dry up',
particularly during extended periods of drought, such as those that occurred in
2002 and 2004. The hydrograph (Figure 5) illustrates the generally uninterrupted
flow that occurred throughout the current year. The data also indicates multiple
overbank events, a criterion necessary for determining the stability of a channel.
Stream channels should remain stable through these periods over banking
events. This has been the case through the current monitoring period.
4. Insight into the trend toward macrobenthic biological diversification is problematic
due to the relatively short study period and highly variable climatic conditions that
have occurred in the past few years. Sedimentation in the restored stream
channel could potentially have a negative affect on diversity.
1 18

11
3.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY MONITORING
3.1 MONITORING PROGRAM
Seven continuous recording (RDS brand), groundwater gauges were located in the eastern
portion of the Site to provide representative coverage and flow gradients extending through
the riverine floodplain. The monitoring gauges were installed in February 2002, a year
following the completion of stream and wetland construction. Figure 6 depicts the
approximate location of the monitoring gauges. Monitoring gauges were installed and
downloaded in accordance with specifications in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers', Installing
Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP Technical Note HY-IA-3.1, August 1993).
The monitoring gauges are set to a depth of approximately 48 inches below the soil surface.
The data extending from January 1, 2006 to November 19, 2006 have been used in this
Year 5 AMR to cover the 2006 growing season. The growing season in Anson County is
defined as the period between March 15 and November 19, or 249 days.
3.2 MONITORING RESULTS
The raw gauge data are depicted as hydrographs in Appendix C. A line intersection at
12 inches below the surface was used as the cut off for wetland hydrology, following the
regulatory wetland criterion requiring saturation (free water) within one foot of the soil
surface. Wetland hydrology criteria including maximum consecutive saturation days and
percent of the growing season are summarized in Table 2. Five groundwater gauges were
located within the wetland creation (W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5) and two gauges (W6, W7)
were placed within an existing wetland area on the Pinch Gut floodplain adjacent to the
slough to monitor hydrology in and around the restored slough. Success for wetland creation
is based on the five gauges located within the creation area.
In monitoring Year 5, groundwater within the wetland creation areas was at or above ground
level through most of the growing season except for some midsummer drawdown periods.
The maximum consecutive days of saturation ranged from 36 to 249 days (49 to 100 percent
of the growing season) within the wetland creation area (groundwater gauges W1 -W5),
' exhibiting a wider range than in the previous monitoring year's data (121 to 191 consecutive
days, or 49 to 77 percent of the growing season). This wider range is due to some longer
drawdown periods (groundwater greater than 12 inches from the surface) during the 2006
1 growing season which shortened consecutive saturation days in some portions of the Site.
' 3.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
A hydrological success criterion for the wetland creation area requires saturation or
inundation between 5 and 12.5 percent of the growing season during average climatic
' conditions. These areas are also expected to support hydrophytic vegetation. The
groundwater data indicate that all gauge locations and corresponding physiographic areas
achieved hydrological success criteria for 2006. Wetland creation areas exhibit wetland
' hydrology for at least 36 percent of the growing season. Figure 6 depicts wetland
boundaries mapped using gauge data and corresponding hydrophytic vegetation signatures.
Based on the mapping, approximately 1.7 acres of created wetlands reside within the 22.6 -
acre site.
1 19

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4.0 WETLAND VEGETATION MONITORING
' 4.1 MONITORING PROGRAM
Quantitative vegetation sampling for the fifth Year monitoring was carried out in August 2006.
Four permanent sampling plots were established in October 2002, during the first year of
monitoring, including three 600 -foot transects within planted areas (plots 1, 2, and 3) and one
300 -foot transect within the non -planted area (plot 4). The vegetation plots were established
in a manner which best represented the entire Site. The plot width along each transect
' extends 4 feet on each side of the tape, providing a 0.11 acre plot sample for the 600 -foot
transects (600 feet x 8 feet) and a 0.055 acre plot sample for the 300 -foot transect (300 feet
x 8 feet). The intermediate and end points of each plot were permanently established with a
' labeled, green metal fence post that was spray -painted bright orange.
' All woody species rooted within the plot boundaries were recorded. The four plots were
separated into three categories based on community classifications presented by Schafale
and Weakley (1990) and the planting status. The three categories include 1) Piedmont
' Alluvial Forest (plots 1 and 2: planted); 2) Piedmont Swamp Forest (plot 3: planted); and
3) Piedmont Swamp Forest (plot 4: not planted). The data was then used to obtain the total
number and the relative percentage of each woody species per acre. The percentage of
' each species per acre in addition to the corresponding wetland status will be used to 10
evaluate the success criteria (see Section 5.3). Vegetation sampling from plots 1 and 2 will
be used to determine planting success of riparian areas associated with stream restora '\
' Wetland creation success criteria will be based on vegetation sampled in plots 3 and 4!�
Figure 7 depicts the approximate location of each vegetation sample plot and the planting (
plan. Complete species inventories can be found in Appendix D. A photographic record of l
' vegetation plots are provided in Appendix E.
4.2 MONITORING RESULTS
' The vegetative communities within the Site include Piedmont Alluvial Forest, Piedmont
Swamp Forest (forested and logged), and Dry-Mesic Oak -Hickory Forest. The majority of
the acreage within the Site with the exception of the logged area has a well developed
' canopy and a shrub/tree layer (>1 inch DBH) composed of volunteer species that vary in
abundance according to the landscape position and micro -topographical differences. A
' diversity of planted species (12 species) has survived within the planted portions of the Site.
The Piedmont Alluvial Forest is dominated by mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), red maple
' (Acer rubrum), sweet -gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), winged elm (Ulmus alata), and Chinese
privet (Ligustrum sinense). Other prominent understory and sapling species include silky
dogwood (Cornus amomum), water oak (Quercus nigra), willow oak (Quercus phellos), and
green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Herbaceous vegetation within this area is currently
dominated by microstegium (Microstegium vimineum) and poison ivy (Toxicodendron
radicans).
14 22

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The area of mature Piedmont Swamp Forest, which was not planted, is dominated by red
maple, green ash, and Chinese privet. In addition, this area is composed of species
including willow oak, ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), winged elm, water oak, black willow
(Salix nigra), and possum -haw (Viburnum nudum). Herbaceous vegetation is sparse within
this area. A portion of the Piedmont Swamp Forest has been clear-cut and is vegetated by a
combination of planted and volunteer species. The dominant species within this logged area
include red maple, sweet -gum, Chinese privet, loblolly pine, green ash, cherrybark oak
(Quercus pagoda), and blackberry (Rubus argutus). Additional species include willow oak,
water oak, and ironwood. This area also contains numerous herbaceous species including
cattail (Typha latifolia), false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), sedges (Carex spp.), rushes
(Juncus spp.), flatsedges (Cyperus spp.), wool grass (Scirpus cyperinus), broad -leaf
arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), and water -plantain (Alisma subcordatum).
The planting plan was modified slightly to accommodate changes in as -built stream and
wetland creation areas. A logged portion of the Site was included in a supplemental planting
in March 2002. Of the 24 -acre Site, a total of 5.2 acres within the Piedmont Alluvial Forest
and the Piedmont Swamp Forest was planted at 435 stems/acre. An additional 0.8 acres of
stream -side assemblage area was planted at a density of 680 stems/acre. A total of 32
woody species, both planted and volunteer were surveyed. The top 8 species for the fifth
year of monitoring include Chinese privet, red maple, winged elm, green ash, loblolly pine,
sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), willow oak, and persimmon (Diospyros virginiana).
During the fifth year of monitoring, establishment of planted seedlings on moist sites
appeared to be good. Many species within the Site have increased their total number of
stems per acre after an initial decline. The average total number of stems per acre has been
relatively steady since the first year of project monitoring. Additionally, native species
richness has increased in each of the four vegetative monitoring plots, including the
appearance of black walnut (Juglans nigra), pawpaw (Asimina triloba), and yaupon holly (Ilex
vomitoria).
4.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
Success in the restoration of wetland vegetation includes the establishment and
maintenance of a species composition sufficient for a jurisdictional wetland determination.
Additional success criteria include a minimum mean density of 260 characteristic tree
species/acre surviving at least five years after the initial planting. At least five characteristic
tree species must be present, and no species can comprise more than 20 percent (52 stems)
of the 260 stem/acre total. Softwood species (excluding loblolly pine and black willow)
cannot comprise more than 10 percent (26 stems) of the 260 stem/acre requirement. Tables
3-5 depict the number of trees/acre by species that can be applied to the 260 trees/acre
criterion for each of the three categories, 1) Piedmont Alluvial Forest, planted; 2) Piedmont
Swamp Forest, planted; and 3) Piedmont Swamp Forest, not planted. The number of
characteristic wetland species identified totals 8, 10, and 5, respectively for the three
categories, meeting or exceeding the five species diversity minimum stated in the monitoring
plan. At 260 trees/acre, 402 trees/acre, and 263 trees/acre, respectively, plots 1 and 2
(Piedmont Alluvial Forest), plot 3 (Piedmont Swamp Forest, planted) and plot 4 (Piedmont
Swamp Forest, not planted) all meet or exceed the required 260 trees/acre vegetation
monitoring criterion after the fifth year of project monitoring.
24

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' 5.0 POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS
' As part of the fifth year of project monitoring, an assessment of potential problem areas was
conducted within the Site. Four potential problem areas were identified, and the location of
each is depicted on Figure 8.
Fill material consisting of excavated soil has been periodically applied to the road crossing
the restored stream in the western portion of the Site over the course of the five-year
monitoring period (Problem Area 1, Figure 8). The addition of fill material has incrementally
increased the elevation of the road where it crosses through the Site. The material has not
been stabilized with erosion control seeding, adjacent silt fencing along the roadway
shoulder, or with any other sedimentation and erosion control measures. As a result, fill
material has eroded into the Site adjacent to the roadway and in some areas is entering the 12
stream channel. ESC recommends that the fill material added to the roadway be stabilized�i
with erosion control seeding and/or silt fencing, or that gravel be substituted for the soil
presently being applied as roadway fill.
Despite remedial work undertaken in June 2004, there remain issues associated with Site
repair work in which portions of the abandoned stream channel were plugged and backfilled
with additional soil material (Problem Area 2, Figure 8). The backfilled areas were not filled
high enough to prevent preferential flow from using the abandoned channel (i.e., during
heavy rainfall events). This has caused the formation of minor gullies/rills within the
abandoned channel that are presently eroding sediment into the restored stream. ESC
recommends that additional backfill be added to portions of the abandoned channel that
were initially not backfilled enough to prevent additional erosion.
Partially as a result of erosion induced by incompletely backfilled abandoned channel areas,
a shoot cutoff (i.e., the stream has cut through its right bank, abandoning a meander bend,
thereby shortening its total length) has occurred within the restored stream channel (Problem
Area 3, Figure 8). Approximately 40 linear feet of channel have been cut off from the
restored stream as a result. This is not detrimental to the success of the project. ESC
recommends that no action be taken on this matter.
Considerable sediment from land disturbance activities upstream of the Site has washed
eroded sediment into floodplain of the restored stream. The sediment likely comes from the
sediment eroded off the roadway (Problem Area 1) and potentially from the sediment basin
at the western (upstream) edge of the Site. The sediment has gradually migrated through
the Site and has begun to deposit within the created wetland area (Problem Area 4,
Figure 8). The extent of sediment deposition is not considerable at this point. However,
ESC recommends that the fill material added to the roadway be stabilized (as discussed for
Problem Area 1), that the sediment basin be routinely maintained/cleaned out, and that other
sediment and erosion control measures within the Facility adjacent to the Site be explored to
mitigate future sediment erosion into to the Site.
1
28

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6.0 SUMMARY
The Year 5 AMR (2006) data indicate that the Anson Waste Management Facility Stream
and Wetland Mitigation Site achieved regulatory success criteria for stream geometry,
wetland hydrology, and vegetation for the fifth year of monitoring. Functional attributes
exhibited include long term surface water storage, energy dissipation, retention of nutrients
and particulates, and establishment of characteristic stream and wetland plant and wildlife
populations. The created wetland areas appear to support hydroperiods and successional
patterns conducive to establishment of wetland forested habitat.
The results also indicate that current Site conditions meet or exceed the mitigation
requirements for both stream length and wetland acreage, as projected by the mitigation
plan. The mitigation project initially required compensatory mitigation for impacts to
1085 linear feet of stream channel (stream area of 0.07 acre) and 0.49 acre of wetlands.
The detailed mitigation plan outlined strategies designed to compensate for these stream
and wetland impacts included stream reconstruction and restoration along approximately
2040 linear feet and 0.98 acre of net wetland creation.
The current constructed channel geometry compares favorably with the emulated, stable
E stream type established on reference (i.e., relatively undisturbed) stream reaches and as
set forth in the mitigation plan. Current monitoring year pebble count data indicate that the
median particle size (d50) of channel substrate falls within the silt/clay size class, which
contrasts with the coarse sand demonstrated by the previous year's data. This is likely
attributable to the continuing land disturbance activities at the adjacent Facility and the
resulting influx of finer sediments into the restored stream channel, which in this monitoring
year have overlain the characteristic gravely channel bottom in some reaches. The current
monitoring has demonstrated that the pattern, dimension, and profile of approximately
2800 linear feet of Priority 1, E4 stream restoration have remained stable over the course of
the fifth year.
The groundwater gauge data for the created wetland area indicate that hydrology success
criteria have been achieved. Currently, approximately 1.7 acres of succeeding forested
wetland habitat occur on the Site. This represents more than 0.7 acre of net vegetated
wetland restoration gain over the original amount of compensation set forth in the mitigation
plan. Additionally, approximately 0.8 acre of open water backwater slough has been
restored to historic hydrologic conditions and approximately 5.8 acres of wetlands have been
enhanced/preserved within remaining portions of the Site.
The current vegetation surveys reflect conditions typical of mid -successional forest
development on disturbed floodplain and side slopes in the Piedmont. Early- to mid -
successional forest tree species adapted to these conditions include black willow, sweet -
gum, red maple, and green ash. Improving soil properties, increased shading, and more
mesic conditions will favor mast producing elements such as oak and hickory to become
established in sufficient quantity to develop into a characteristic floodplain bottomland
hardwood assemblage. The variable hydrologic regime found across the Site will promote
diverse wetland community patterns across the site and will consequently enhance
30

' opportunities for wetland dependent wildlife. Vegetative data also indicate that hat the wetland
creation areas support species typical of bottomland hardwood communities at densities
Lgenerally sufficient to meet jurisdictional standards.
1
31

7.0
1
1
1
1
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Monitoring Plan
Appendix B: Biological Monitoring Data
Appendix C: Groundwater Gauge Hydrographs
Appendix D: Vegetation Plot Data
Appendix E: Photographic Record of Vegetation Plots
32

APPENDIX A
Monitoring Plan
(Excerpt from the Mitigation Plan, August 2000)

' 2.0 MONITORING PLAN
The Monitoring Plan consists of a comparison between reference and restoration areas
along with evaluation of jurisdictional wetland criteria (DOA 1987). Wetland monitoring will
entail analysis of hydrology and vegetation development. Stream monitoring will include
' assessment of channel stability and biological attributes. Monitoring of restoration efforts will
be performed for 5 years or until success criteria are fulfilled.
' 2.1 Wetland Hvdrologv
After hydrological modifications are performed, continuous monitored, surficial monitoring
wells will be installed in accordance with specifications in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers'
(USACE), Installing Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP Technical Note HY-IA-
3.1, August 1993). Monitoring wells will be set to a depth of approximately 48 inches below
the soil surface. All screened portions of the well will be buried in a sand screen, filter fabric,
' and a bentonite cap to prevent siltation. The recording device will be placed above the
projected depth of inundation from overbank flooding (based upon elevations that do not
exhibit evidence of recent wrack or silt lines). The wells will be stabilized by reinforcing steel
' bar (re -bar).
Seven monitoring wells will be installed in restoration areas to provide representative
coverage within each of the physiographic landscape units depicted in Figure 3.
Hydrological sampling will be performed by the automatic sampling device on a daily basis
throughout the year. Well data will be downloaded from the device on an average, 2 month
interval.
2.2 Hydrology Success Criteria
Hydrology success criteria comprises saturation (free water) within 1 foot of the soil surface
for a minimum of 5% to 12.5% of the growing season, under normal climatic conditions. This
hydroperiod translates to saturation for a minimum, 13 -day to 28 -day consecutive period
during the growing season, extending from March 28 through November 3 (USDA,
unpublished).
` 2.3 Wetland Vegetation
Monitoring procedures for vegetation are designed in accordance with EPA guidelines
' presented in Mitigation Site Type (MiST) documentation (EPA 1990). The following presents
a general discussion of the monitoring program.
Vegetation will receive cursory, visual evaluation during periodic download of monitoring
wells to ascertain the general conditions and degree of overtopping of planted elements by
weeds. Subsequently, quantitative sampling of vegetation will be performed once annually
during the fall for 5 years or until vegetation success criteria are achieved.
Permanent, randomly placed plots will be established at representative locations in the
wetland restoration areas. Each plot will consist of circular or transect plots, dependent upon
site conditions encountered within each wetland restoration area. Circular plots will typically
extend for a 37.2 -foot radius, encompassing a 0.1 acre land area. For transect plots, two

i
300 -foot transects will extend from a central origin. The plot width along the transect will
extend 4 -feet on each side of the tape, providing a 0.11 acre plot sample at the location.
Four plots will be established to provide a 25 percent sample and a depiction of tree species
available for expansion within wetland restoration areas of the Site. In each plot, tree
species and number of stems will be recorded and seedling/sapling/tree height measured.
Tree data from all plots will be combined into one database to calculate an average density,
by species, represented in restoration areas of the Site.
In each plot, presence/absence of shrub and herbaceous species will be recorded. A
wetland data form (DOA 1987) will be completed to document the classification and
description of vegetation, soil, and hydrology.
1
2.4 Vegetation Success Criteria
Success criteria include the verification, per the wetland data form, that each plot supports a
species composition sufficient for a jurisdictional determination. Additional success criteria
are dependent upon density and growth of "Character Tree Species". Character Tree
Species are identified through visual inventory of an approved reference (relatively
undisturbed) wetland community used to orient the restoration project design. All canopy
tree species identified in the reference wetland will be utilized to define "Character Tree
Species" as termed in the success criteria.
An average density of 320 stems per acre of Character Tree Species must be surviving in
the first three monitoring years. Subsequently, 290 character tree species per acre must be
surviving in year 4 and 260 character tree species per acre in year 5. Planted character tree
species (oaks, cypress, and tupelo gum, etc.) must represent a minimum of 30 percent of the
required stem per acre total (96 stems/acre). Each naturally recruited character species may
represent up to 10 percent of the required stem per acre total. In essence, 7 naturally
recruited character species may represent a maximum of 70 percent of the required
stem/acre total. Additional stems of naturally recruited species above the 10 to 70 percent
thresholds are discarded from the statistical analysis. The remaining 30 percent is reserved
for planted character species (oaks, cypress, tupelo gum, etc.) as a seed source for species
maintenance during mid -successional phases of forest development.
If vegetation success criteria are not achieved based on average density calculations from
' combined plots over the entire restoration area, supplemental planting will be performed with
tree species approved by regulatory agencies. Supplemental planting will be performed as
needed until achievement of vegetation success criteria.
No quantitative sampling requirements are proposed for herb and shrub assemblages.
Development of a forest canopy over several decades and restoration of wetland hydrology
will dictate success in migration and establishment of desired wetland understory and
groundcover populations.

' 2.5 Stream Stabilitv
A selected stream reach, extending for a minimum of 300 feet along the constructed channel,
will be monitored for physical geometry and in -stream flow.
Physical Geometry
Annual fall monitoring will include development of a channel plan view, channel cross-
sections on riffles and pools, and pebble counts. Data to be generated will include: 1) cross-
sectional area; 2) bankfull width; 3) average depth; 4) maximum depth; 5) width/depth ratio;
6) meander wavelength; 7) belt width; 8) sinuosity; and 9) stream substrate composition.
The stream will subsequently be classified according to stream geometry and substrate
(Rosgen 1996). Significant changes in channel morphology will be tracked and reported by
Icomparing data in each successive monitoring year.
In -Stream Flow
In -stream flows will be measured through placement of a continuous monitoring, stream flow
gauge within the constructed channel cross-section or bankfull channel culvert. The gauge
will be capable of recording stream stage (ft), velocity (ft/second), and discharge (cubic feet
per second, CFS). The data will be reported as peak daily flows for channel velocity
(ft/second), discharge (CFS), and stage in tabular and graphic format. As designed, the
gauge will not record flow data associated with overbank flows that are distributed across the
restored floodplain surface.
2.6 Stream Stability Success Criteria
Success criteria for stream restoration will include: 1) successful classification of the reach as
a stable stream type (Rosgen 1996) and 2) channel geometry changes indicative of a stable
stream system.
ti n will be compared on an annual basis to track changes The channel configuration es in channel o p g
geometry, profile, and substrate. These measurements will be utilized to assist in
determining the success in restoring stream channel stability. Specifically, the channel will
be successfully classified as an E stream type including a bank/height ratio less than 1.1, an
entrenchment ratio greater than 5, and a bankfull width/depth ratio less than 12. The field
indicator of bankfull will be described in each monitoring year and indicated on representative
channel cross-sections. The bankfull channel may also be predicted from stream gauge data
and compared to bankfull indicators starting in the third year of monitoring.
Modifications to the channel will be performed to increase or decrease the sediment
transport capacity, reduce sediment loading from the upper watershed, or adjust other
attributes as needed. If the stream channel is widening due to bank erosion, additional bank
or slope stabilization methods will be employed.
2.7 Stream Biology
The in -stream, biological monitoring program will follow procedures established in NCDWQ's,
Interim Internal Technical Guide: Benthic Macro -invertebrate Monitoring Protocols for

Compensatory Stream Restoration Projects (NCDWQ 2000). Benthic macro -invertebrate
samples will be collected using the Qual-4 collection method. This procedure is preferred for
1" and 2nd order streams with catchments of less than 1 square mile in the Sand Hill region.
All biological samples will be collected during the summer months (June -September).
Monitoring locations will be permanently marked and will extend for approximately 300 linear
feet along the designated reach. Collection and taxonomic analysis of benthic macro -
invertebrates will be performed by a certified NCDWQ company/laboratory. Collected
animals will be identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible.
During each sample event described below, Stream Habitat Assessment Forms will be
prepared that describe physical habitat characteristics that were present in the channel
(NCDWQ 2000). Collection procedures and processed biological samples will be available
for review by NCDWQ biologists, including annual reports summarizing the data in the fall of
each year.
The monitoring program includes: 1) a statement of biological objectives for stream
restoration; 2) reference reach (target) sampling; 3) impacted stream reach (base -line)
sampling; and 4) restoration reach sampling.
Biological Objectives of Restoration
The goals and objectives of stream restoration are to convert a linear dredged channel into a
moderate to highly sinuous stream. The existing, dredged channel is entrenched with
' floodplain benches consisting of eroded banks along the incised channel. As a result,
stream restoration is expected to provide the following biological benefits:
1)
Increase the abundance of pool habitat; including deep water and bank
overhang shelters.
2)
Increase the abundance of riffle habitat (higher velocity flow over coarser
substrate).
3)
Provide connectivity to aquatic organisms between the restored floodplain
habitat and in -stream habitat during more frequent overbank floods.
4)
Increase the diversity of stream substrates by transitioning flows from riffles to
pools within each meander wavelength.
5)
Reducing bank erosion and substrate homogenization (fining of the stream
substrate) relative to existing conditions. The stream bed is expected to
change from a silt dominated substrate to a coarse sand dominated substrate
'
over time.
6)
Increase the abundance of coarse woody debris in the channel.
7)
Increase potential for colonization and expansion of benthic macro -
invertebrate feeding guilds for intolerant orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera,
Trichoptera [EPT]) such as mayfly (Alentrella sp., Baetis sp.), stonefly
(Allocapnia sp., Isoperla sp.), and caddisfly (Cheumatopsycue sp.,
Hydropsyche sp.). Diagnostic species utilized to assess benefits to biological
habitat will be discerned from reference reach sampling.

Reference Reach (Target) Sampling
A reference reach will be sampled to provide a characterization of taxa present within
relatively undisturbed streams in the region that supports a similar drainage area
(< 0.3 square mile). The reference sample will be collected within headwater reaches of Flat
Creek, located on Fort Bragg, in Cumberland County. This reference reach and associated
drainage area is unlikely to be impacted by development within the military base over the
next several decades. In addition, this reference reach has been utilized to establish stream
geometry for reconstruction. The monitoring location will be positioned along a transitional
zone from intermittent to perennial stream, including a drainage area of less than 0.3 square
mile. Along with Stream Habitat Assessment Forms, the results of the reference sample will
be used to generate a taxa list of relative abundance, to assess diagnostic (target) taxa, and
for future metric calculations and subsequent evaluation of findings.
Impacted Stream Reach (Base -Line) Sampling
Base -line (pre -project) sampling within the impacted stream reach will be performed prior to
disturbance. A taxa list of relative abundance and Stream Habitat Assessment Form will be
compared to reference reach data and restoration reach data to assess existing conditions
and compile a list of taxa currently available for expansion into the reconstructed stream.
Restoration Reach Sampling
Restoration reach sampling will be performed annually for a minimum of 3 years, starting one
full year after the impacted stream is disturbed and the restoration reach established. As
described above, a taxa list of relative abundance and Stream Habitat Assessment Form
generated for the restored reach will be compared to reference reach and impacted reach
data in tabular format. The comparison will depict the taxa that are colonizing the
ireconstructed channel relative to target and pre -project conditions.
2.8 Stream Biology Success Criteria
Success criteria associated with biological monitoring will follow procedures established in
NCDWQ's monitoring protocols (NCDWQ 2000). Success criteria may be modified based on
' future, quantitative protocols established by NCDWQ. In general, Stream Habitat
Assessment Forms will be utilized to verify functional replacement of in -stream, aquatic
habitat. Summary statistics will be used to verify the process of colonization by diagnostic
taxa, including' a potential trajectory from base -line conditions towards target conditions over
time.
' The baseline sample, collected within the stream reach to be impacted by landfill
development, will establish the functional capacity of the existing stream and will denote
base -line conditions for restoration efforts. The target sample, collected within the reference
(relatively undisturbed) stream reach, will establish the best -case conditions and ultimate,
long term goal for the restoration project.
Success criteria will include evidence that the restored stream reach meets or exceeds the
base -line biological condition. Summary statistics within the restored reach will be used to
verify that species diversity meets or exceeds diversity within the impacted stream. In

addition, colonization patterns and development of aquatic habitat over time will exhibit a
trajectory towards reference reach conditions in each successive monitoring year.
2.9 Report Submittal
An Annual Wetland Monitoring Report (AWMR) will be submitted to USACE and NCDWQ at
the end of each monitoring year. The AWMR will depict the sample plot locations and
include photographs which illustrate site conditions. Data compilations and analyses will be
presented as described in Sections 2.1 through 2.8 including graphic and tabular format,
where practicable. Success criteria will be interpreted based on quantitative data described
above. In the event that success criteria are not achieved, methods for contingency or
remediation will be recommended.
I1
1
u
1
11
1

APPENDIX B
Biological Monitoring Data
1
11

i
1
1
1
1 Ephemeroptera
Ameletidae
Ameletus lineatus
1 Baetidae
Centroptilum sp.
Procloeon sp.
t Caenidae
Caenis sp.
Ephemerellidae
Eurylophella sp.
' Heptageniidae
Stenacron interpunctatum
Stenonema sp.
' Leptophlebiidae
Habrophlebiodes sp.
Paraleptophlebia sp.
Plecoptera
' Perlidae
Eccoptura xanthenes
Periodidae
' Isoperla sp.
Trichoptera
Hydropsydhidae
Cheumatopsyche sp.
Diplectrona modesty
Lepidostomatidae
Lepidostoma sp.
' Limnephilidae
Ironoquia sp.
Pycnopsyche sp.
Molannidae
' Molanna sp
Philopotamidae
Chimarra aterrima
Polycentropodidae
Phylocentropus sp.
Uenoidae
Neophylax ornatus
I
Neophylax sp.
Anson County Reference and Site Benthic
Sampling Results (EPT taxa only)
Monitoring Years 2001-2006.
Baseline
Reference Reference Reference
2001 2005 2006
4
10 2
1
3
1
31
2
4
3
E
10
1
Total 78
1
1
1
19
2
1
1
1
1
22
4 1
1
11
41
2
1
1
6
its:
Pre -
Project
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
0)
1
0 0 0 3 0 0

---- -- ...
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REFERENCE
STREAM
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0 2500 ft.
Source: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle (Russelville, N.C.)
%
EcoScience
Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
VICINITY MAP
ANSON COUNTY WMF REFERENCE SITE
Anson County, North Carolina
Dwn. by: JWG
FIGURE
Ckd by:
JWGI
Date:
DEC 2006
Project: 06-284

1
3/06 Revision 6
Habitat Assessment Field Data Sheet
Mountain/ Piedmont Streams
Biological Assessment Unit, DWQ TOTAL SCORE
Directions for use: The observer is to survey a minimum of 100 meters with 200 meters preferred of stream, preferably in an
upstream direction starting above the bridge pool and the road right-of-way. The segment which is assessed should represent average
stream conditions. To perform a proper habitat evaluation the observer needs to get into the stream. To complete the form, select the
description which best fits the observed habitats and then circle the score. If the observed habitat falls in between two descriptions,
select an intermediate score. A final habitat score is determined by adding the results from the different metrics.
Stream k `'xw,, c1' f C11
f01)vx v� Location/road: eoaa _(Road Name )County
Date -]- �Q - p� � 030t�b104 _BasinY��� _ Subbasin
Observer(sdo-G— Type of Study: ❑ Fish _013enthos ❑ Basinwide ❑Special Study (Describe)
e
LatitudeAgIV A/ LongitudeX6.149q oEcoregion: ❑ MT ❑ P ❑ Slate Belt IX Triassic Basin
Water Quality: Temperature°C DO_315 mg/1 Conductivity (corr.) 0, ZZy µS/cm pH
Physical Characterization: Visible land use refers to immediate area that you can see from sampling location - include what
you estimate driving thru the watershed in watershed land use.
Visible Land Use: � 6 %Forest %Residential%Active Pasture °
%Fallow Fields % Commercial —% Industrial /o
nd° Active Crops
ustrial /oOther - Describe:.Ck(- : U d1-
Watershed land use : NOPrest❑Agriculture ❑Urban ❑ Animal operations upstream
Width: (meters) Stream / - /, S Channel (at top of bank)2 -Z, j Stream Depth: (m) AvgQ-2Max 0. 5-
11 Width variable ❑ Large river >25m wide
Bank Height (from deepest part of riffle to top of bank -first flat surface you stand on): (m) /
Bank Angle: q— ° or ❑ NA (Vertical is 90°, horizontal is 0°. Angles > 901 indicate slope is towards mid -channel, < 90'
indicate slope is away from channel. NA if bank is too low for bank angle to matter.)
❑ Channelized Ditch
❑Deeply incised -steep, straight banks ❑Both banks undercut at bend ❑Channel filled in with sediment
Od Recent overbank deposits PBar development ❑Buried structures ❑Exposed bedrock
❑ Excessive periphyton growth ❑ Heavy filamentous algae growth ❑Green tinge ❑ Sewage smell
Manmade Stabilization: ON ❑Y: ❑Rip -rap, cement, gabions ❑ Sediment/grade-control structure ❑Berm/levee
Flow conditions: ❑High ❑Normal '91Low
Turbidity: Clear ❑ Slightly Turbid ❑Turbid ❑Tannic ❑Milky ❑Colored (from dyes)
Good potential for Wetlands Restoration Project?? ❑ YES P1NO Details___yLa,
Channel Flow Status
Useful especially under abnormal or low flow conditions.
A. Water reaches base of both lower banks, minimal channel substrate exposed ............................ ❑
B. Water fills >75% of available channel, or <25% of channel substrate is exposed ........................
C. Water fills 25-75% of available channel, many logs/snags exposed ............................................. ❑
D. Root mats out of water .............................................. ❑
.....................................................................
E. Very little water in channel, mostly present as standing pools..................................................... ❑
Weather Conditions:
�1A�ciy�u �6 Photos: MN ❑Y ❑ Digital 035mm
Remarks:
39

I. Channel Modification Score
A. channel natural, frequent bends....................................................................................:................... �5
B. channel natural, infrequent bends (channelization could be old) ...................................................... 4
C. some channelization present.............................................................................................................. 3
D. more extensive channelization, >40% of stream disrupted............................................................... 2
E. no bends, completely channelized or rip rapped or gabioned, etc ..................................................... 0
❑ Evidence of dredging ❑Evide ce of desna ing—�}o large woody debris in stream ❑Banks of uniform shape/height
Remarks a y.K�k pest b 11
ct /o c�.� S �i 1� d to wJ �gon,�s Subtotal S
II. Instream Habitat: Consider the percentage of the reach that is favorable for benthos colonization or fish cover. If >70% of the
reach is rocks, 1 type is present, circle the score of 17. Definition: leafpacks consist of older leaves that are packed together and have
begun to decay (not piles of leaves in pool areas). Mark as Rare, Common, or Abundant.
/Rocks ✓/Macrophytes V/Sticks and leafpacks Snags and logs Undercut banks or root mats
AMOUNT OF REACH FAVORABLE FOR COLONIZATION OR COVER
for embeddedness, and use rocks from all parts of riffle -look for "mud line" or difficulty extracting rocks.
>70%
40-70%
20-40%
<20%
15
Score
Score
Score
Score
4 or 5 types present.................16
3
B. substrate gravel and cobble
12
8
3 types present .........................
9
15
11
7
2 types present .........................
18
14
10
6
1 type present ...........................
17
13
9
5
No types present .......................
0
2. substrate nearly all sand........................................................................................................
3
3. substrate nearly all detritus....................................................................................................
❑ No woody vegetation in riparian zone Remarks
4. substrate nearly all silt/ clay...................................................................................................
1
l
Remarks
Subtotal Z b
III. Bottom Substrate (silt, sand, detritus, gravel, cobble, boulder) Look at entire reach for substrate scoring, but only look at riffle
for embeddedness, and use rocks from all parts of riffle -look for "mud line" or difficulty extracting rocks.
A. substrate with good mix of gravel, cobble and boulders
Score
1. embeddedness <20% (very little sand, usually only behind large boulders) .........................
15
2. embeddedness 20-40% ............................. ............................................................. I................
12
3. embeddedness 40-80%..........................................................................................................
8
4. embeddedness>80%.............................................................................................................
3
B. substrate gravel and cobble
1. embeddedness<20%............................................................................................................
14.
2. embeddedness 20-40%.........................................................................................................
3. embeddedness 40-80%........................................................................................................
6
4. embeddedness>80%............................................................................................................
2
C. substrate mostly gravel
1. embeddedness<50%............................................................................................................
8
2. embeddedness>50%.* ...........................................................................................................
4
D. substrate homogeneous
1. substrate nearly all bedrock...................................................................................................
3
2. substrate nearly all sand........................................................................................................
3
3. substrate nearly all detritus....................................................................................................
2
4. substrate nearly all silt/ clay...................................................................................................
1
l
Remarks
Subtotal
IV. Pool Variety Pools are areas of deeper than average maximum depths with little or no surface turbulence. Water velocities
associated with pools are always slow. Pools may take the form of "pocket water", small pools behind boulders or obstructions; in
large high gradient streams, or side eddies.
A. Pools present Score
1. Pools Frequent (>30% of 200m area surveyed)
a. variety of pool sizes............................................................................................................... 10
b. pools about the same size (indicates pools filling in)............................................................
2. Pools Infrequent (<30% of the 200m area surveyed)
a. variety of pool sizes............................................................................................................... 6
b. pools about the same size...................................................................................................... 4
B. Pools absent............................................................................................................................................ 0
Subtotal 10
❑ Pool bottom boulder-cobble=hard ❑ Bottom sandy -sink as you walk ❑ Silt bottom ❑ Some pools over wader depth
Remarks/10
Page Total 1
.N

11
V. Riffle Habitats
Definition: Riffle is area of reaeration -can be debris dam, or narrow channel area. Riffles Frequent Riffles Infrequent
ore Score
A. well defined riffle and run, riffle as wide as stream and extends 2X width of stream.... 1 12
B. riffle as wide as stream but riffle length is not 2X stream width .................................... 4 7
C. riffle not as wide as stream and riffle length is not 2X stream width ............................. 10 3
D. riffles ab nt................................................................................................................... 0 j
Channel Slope: JKTypical for area ❑Steep=fast flow ❑Low=like a coastal stream Subtotal 1
VI. Bank Stability and Vegetation
FACE UPSTREAM Left Bank Rt. Bank
A. Banks stable Score Score
1. little evidence of erosion or bank failure(except outside of bends), little potential for erosion.. 7 7
B. Erosion areas present
1. diverse trees, shrubs, grass; plants healthy with good root systems .....................................
2. few trees or small trees and shrubs; vegetation appears generally healthy ........................... 5
3. sparse mixed vegetation; plant types and conditions suggest poorer soil binding ................. 3 3
4. mostly grasses, few if any trees and shrubs, high erosion and failure potential at high flow.. 2 2
5. little or no bank vegetation, mass erosion and bank failure evident ........................................... 0 0
�am�rlre Total ( Z
I
VII. Light Penetration Canopy is defined as tree or vegetative cover directly above the stream's surface. Canopy would block out
sunlight when the sun is directly overhead. Note shading from mountains, but not use to score this metric.
' A. Stream with good canopy with some breaks for light penetration10
ore
.............................................
B. Stream with full canopy - breaks for light penetration absent .....................................................
C. Stream with partial canopy - sunlight and shading are essentially equal .................................... 7
D. Stream with minimal canopy - full sun in all but a few areas ....................................................... 2
' E. No canopy and no shading........................................................
Remarks
Subtotal l
VIII. Riparian Vegetative Zone Width
'
Definition: Riparian zone for this form is area of natural vegetation adjacent to stream (can go beyond floodplain). Definition: A break
in the riparian zone is any place on the stream banks which allows sediment or pollutants to directly enter the stream, such as paths
down to stream, storm drains, uprooted trees, otter slides, etc.
FACE UPSTREAM
Dominant vegetation: krTrees ❑ Shrubs ❑ Grasses ❑ Weeds/old field ❑Exotics (kudzu, etc)
Lft. Bank Rt. Bank
Score Score
A. Riparian zone intact (no breaks)
1. width > 18 meters.....................................................................................
//�� �.�
'
2. width 12-18 meters
lJ L'/
...................................................................................
3. width 6-12 meters
4 4
.....................................................................................
4. width < 6 meters......................................................................................
B. Riparian zone not intact (breaks)
3 3
2 2
1. breaks rare
a. width > 18 meters.........................................................................
4 4
b. width 12-18 meters.......................................................................
3 3
c. width 6-12 meters.......................................................................
2 2
d. width < 6 meters.........................................................................
1 1
2. breaks common
' a. width > 18 meters.........................................................................
b. width 12-18 meters
3 3
......................................................................
2 2
c. width 6-12 meters.......................................................................
1 1
d. width < 6 meters.........................................................................
0 0
' Remarks
Total to
tt��
Page Total _t
❑ Disclaimer -form filled out, but score doesn't match subjective opinion -atypical stream. TOTAL SCORE__C{�
41

Supplement for Habitat Assessment Field Data Sheet
Diagram to determine bank angle:
a
L016A� 0A
90° 45°
Typical Stream Cross-section
Site Sketch:
Other comments:
42
This side is 450 bank angle.

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3/06 Revision 6
Habitat Assessment Field Data Sheet
Mountain/ Piedmont Streams
Biological Assessment Unit, DWQ OTAL SCORE
preferred of stream, preferably in an
Directions for use: The observer is to survey a minimum of 100 meters with 200 meters
upstream direction starting above the bridge pool and the road right-of-way. The segment which is assessed should represent average
stream conditions. To perform a proper habitat evaluation the observer needs to get into the stream. To complete the form, select the
description which best fits the observed habitats and then circle the score. If the observed habitat falls in between two descriptions,
select an intermediate score. A final habitat score is determined by adding the results from the different metrics.
//�� �tp
Stream Mko�irtt� Wk% �S Co. Location/road:-�,L'1�-<< (Road Na eS WGA" l
}County
Date ZU - OG CC# _Basin Subbasin
Observer(s)�C T Type of Study: ❑ Fish ;(Benthos ❑ Basinwide ❑Special Study (Describe)
Latitude 35, 010 101J Longitude 90, IS TO Ecoregion: ❑ MT ❑ P ❑ Slate Belt $ Triassic Basin
Water Quality: Temperature i °C DO mg/l Conductivity (corr.) _ µS/cm pH
Physical Characterization: Visible land use refers to immediate area that you can see from sampling location - include what
you estimate driving thru the watershed in watershed land use.
Visible Land Use: SO %Forest %Residential %Active Pasture % Active Crops
%Fallow Fields % Commercial %Industrial !9Z)_%Other - Describe:_ —CI-
Watershed land use : ❑Forest ❑Agriculture []Urban ❑ Animal operations upstream /CLIJ 4" of
Width: meters Stream 2. S - �k
( ) 3 Channel (at top of bank) Stream Depth: (�n) Avg 9 Max
❑ Width variable ❑ Large river >25m wide 94 -
Bank Height (from deepest part of riffle to top of bank -first flat surface you stand on): (ry1)
Bank Angle: � ° or ❑ NA (Vertical is 900, horizontal is 0°. Angles > 900 indicate slope is towards mid-cliannel, < 90°
indicate slope is away from channel. NA if bank is too low for bank angle to matter.)
❑ Channelized Ditch
❑Deeply incised -steep, straight banks ❑Both banks undercut at bend WChannel filled in with sediment
❑ Recent overbank deposits ❑Bar development ❑Buried structures ❑Exposed bedrock
❑ Excessive periphyton growth ❑ Heavy filamentous algae growth ❑Green tinge ❑ Sewage smell
Manmade Stabilization: ON ❑Y: ❑R—iippJ rap, cement, gabions ❑ Sediment/grade-control structure ❑Berm/levee
Flow conditions: ❑High ❑Normal �I,ow
Turbidity: ❑Clear ❑ Slightly Turbid QKuurbid ❑Tannic ❑Milky ❑Colored (from dyes)
Good potential for Wetlands Restoration Project?? ❑ YES ❑NO Details �- is
Channel Flow Status
Useful especially under abnormal or low flow conditions.
A. Water reaches base of both lower banks, minimal channel substrate exposed ............................ ❑
B. Water fills >75% of available channel, or <25% of channel substrate is exposed ........................ (I?
C. Water fills 25-75% of available channel, many logs/snags exposed ............................................. ❑
D. Root mats out of water................................................................................................................... ❑
E. Very little water in channel, mostly present as standing pools ..................................................... ❑
...................
Weather Conditions: JG. 70Photos: WN ❑Y ❑ Digital 035mm
Remarks:
39

I. Channel Modification Score
A: channel natural, frequent bends........................................................................................................
B. channel natural, infrequent bends (channelization could be old) ...................................................... 4
C. some channelization present.............................................................................................................. 3
D. more extensive channelization, >40% of stream disrupted............................................................... 2
E. no bends, completely channelized or rip rapped or gabioned, etc ..................................................... 0
❑ Evidence of dredgin❑Evidences of desnagging=no large woody debris in stream ❑Banks of uniform shape/height
Remarks �AA)ts(( �r(I Subtotal
II. Instream Habitat: Consider the percentage of the reach that is favorable for benthos colonization or fish cover. If >70% of the
reach is rocks, 1 type is present, circle the score of 17. Definition: leafpacks consist of older leaves that are packed together and have
begun to decay (not piles of leaves in pool areas). Mark as Rare, Common, or Abundant.
/Rocks +/Macrophytes -v/Sticks and leafpacks Snags and logs Undercut banks or root mats
AMOUNT OF REACH FAVORABLE FOR COLONIZATION OR COVER
Score
>70%
40-70%
20-40%
<20%
3. embeddedness 40-80%..........................................................................................................
Score
Score
Score
Score
4 or 5 types present .................
G
16
12
8
3 types present .........................
19
15
11
7
2 types present .........................
18
14
10
6
1 type present ...........................
17
13
9
5
No types present .......................
0
2
4. substrate nearly all silt/ clay..........tT.................................................................I................
remarks- emarks S_ (tetrt`Tj X, o Sa. $E 4
1
Subtotal
❑ No woody vegetation in riparian zone Remarks
Subtotallo
III. Bottom Substrate (P, sa40 deous, gr&l, cobble, boulder) Look at entire reach for substrate scoring, but only look at riffle
for embeddedness, and use rocks from all parts of riffle -look for "mud line" or difficulty extracting rocks.
A. substrate with good mix of gravel, cobble and boulders
Score
1. embeddedness <20% (very little sand, usually only behind large boulders) .........................
15
2. embeddedness 20-40%..........................................................................................................
12
3. embeddedness 40-80%..........................................................................................................
8
4. embeddedness>80%.............................................................................................................
3
B. substrate gravel and cobble
1. embeddedness<20%............................................................................................................
14
2. embeddedness 20-40%.........................................................................................................
11
3. embeddedness 40-80%.................................................................... ....................................
6
4. embeddedness>80%............................................................................................................
2
C. substrate mostly gravel
1. embeddedness<50%............................................................................................................
8
2. embeddedness>50%............................................................................................................
�4
D. substrate homogeneous
I . substrate nearly all bedrock...................................................................................................
3
2. substrate nearly all sand........................................................................................................
3
3. substrate nearly all detritus....................................................................................................
2
4. substrate nearly all silt/ clay..........tT.................................................................I................
remarks- emarks S_ (tetrt`Tj X, o Sa. $E 4
1
Subtotal
IV. Pool Variety Pools are areas of deeper than average maximum depths with little or no surface turbulence. Water velocities
associated with pools are always slow. Pools may take the form of "pocket water", small pools behind boulders or obstructions, in
large high gradient streams, or side eddies.
A. Pools present Score
1. Pools Frequent (>30% of 200m area surveyed)
a. variety of pool sizes............................................................................................................... 10
b. pools about the same size (indicates pools filling in)............................................................
2. Pools Infrequent (<30% of the 200m area surveyed)
a. variety of pool sizes............................................................................................................... 6
b. pools about the same size...................................................................................................... 4
B. Pools absent........................................................................................................ 0
................................... Subtotal b
❑ Pool bottom boulder-cobble=hard ❑ Bottom sandy -sink as you walk 1 Silt bottom ❑ Some pools over wader depth
Page Total 27
.E

V. Riffle Habitats
' Definition: Riffle is area of reaeration -can be debris dam, or narrow channel area. Riffles Frequent Riffles Infrequent
Score Score
A. well defined riffle and run, riffle as wide as stream and extends 2X width of stream.... 12
B. riffle as wide as stream but riffle length is not 2X stream width .................................... 4 7
' C. riffle not as wide as stream and riffle length is not 2X stream width ............................. 10 3
D. riffles ab ent................................................................................................................... 0
Channel Slope: Typical for area ❑Steep=fast flow ❑Low=like a coastal stream Subtotal
VI. Bank Stability and Vegetation
FACE UPSTREAM Left Bank Rt. Bank
A. Banks stable Score Score
1. little evidence of erosion or bank failure(except outside of bends), little potential for erosion.
B. Erosion areas present
1. diverse trees, shrubs, grass; plants healthy with good root systems ..................................... 6 6
2. few trees or small trees and shrubs; vegetation appears generally healthy ........................... 5 5
3. sparse mixed vegetation; plant types and conditions suggest poorer soil binding ................. 3 3
4. mostly grasses, few if any trees and shrubs, high erosion and failure potential at high flow.. 2 2
5. little or no bank vegetation, mass erosion and bank failure evident ........................................... 0 0
Remarks
Total
VII. Light Penetration Canopy is defined as tree or vegetative cover directly above the stream's surface. Canopy would block out
sunlight when the sun is directly overhead. Note shading from mountains, but not use to score this metric.
A. Stream with good canopy with some breaks for light penetration ............................................. S ore
B. Stream with full canopy - breaks for light penetration absent .....................................................
r C. Stream with partial canopy - sunlight and shading are essentially equal .................................... 7
D. Stream with minimal canopy - full sun in all but a few areas ....................................................... 2
E. No canopy and no shading ................................................
Remarks
Subtotaled
7�
1
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t
J
VIII. Riparian Vegetative Zone Width
Definition: Riparian zone for this form is area of natural vegetation adjacent to stream (can go beyond floodplain). Definition: A break
in the riparian zone is any place on the stream banks which allows sediment or pollutants to directly enter the stream, such as paths
down to stream, storm drains, uprooted trees, otter slides, etc.
�� FACE UPSTREAM Lft. Bank Rt. Bank
Dominant vegetation: M Trees PKShrubs ❑ Grasses ❑ Weeds/old field ❑Exotics (kudzu, etc) Score Score
A. Riparian zone intact (no breaks)
1. width > 18 meters..................................................................................... m f
2. width 12-18 meters................................................................................... 4 4
3. width 6-12 meters..................................................................................... 3 3
4. width < 6 meters...................................................................................... 2 2
B. Riparian zone not intact (breaks)
1. breaks rare
a. width > 18 meters......................................................................... 4 4
b. width 12-18 meters....................................................................... 3 3
c. width 6-12 meters....................................................................... 2 2
d. width < 6 meters......................................................................... 1 1
2. breaks common
a. width > 18 meters......................................................................... 3 3
b. width 12-18 meters...................................................................... 2 2
c. width 6-12 meters....................................................................... 1 1
d. width < 6 meters......................................................................... 0 0
Remarks y„t.. Total l
Page Total C)
❑ Disclaimer -form filled out, but score doesn't snatch subjective opinion -atypical stream. TOTAL SCORE $
41

Supplement for Habitat Assessment Field Data Sheet
Diagram to determine bank angle:
L&�
i
1 \♦
90° 45°
Site Sketch:
Other comments:
Typical Stream Cross-section
Extreme High Water
Normal High Water
Stream Width
42
Lower
Bank
Upper Bank
This side is 45° bank angle.

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BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED FROM ANSON COUNTY, WMF, NC, 9/20/06.
SPECIES T.V.F.F.G. REFERENCE UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
MOLLUSCA
Veneroida
Sphaeriidae
*8
FC
Pisidium sp.
6.5
FC
4
ANNELIDA
Oligochaeta
*10
CG
Tubificida
Lumbricidae
CG
3
Nais sp.
8.9
CG
1
Tubificidae w.h.c.
7.1
CG
1
Tubificidae w.o.h.c.
7.1
CG
3 2
Lumbriculida
Lumbriculidae
7
CG
1
Branch iobdellida
7 7
ARTHROPODA
Arachnoidea
Acariformes
5.5
2
Crustacea
Amphipoda
CG
Crangonyctidae
Crangonyx sp.
7.9
CG
1 1
Decapoda
Cambaridae
7.5
2 3
Cambarus sp.
7.6
CG
1
1
Insecta
Collembola
1
5 1
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
CG
Centroptilum sp.
6.6
CG
1
Procloeon sp.
5
1
Caenidae
CG
Caenis sp.
7.4
CG
1
Leptophlebiidae
*2
CG
1
Habrophlebiodes sp.
1
22
Odonata
Aeshnidae
p
Boyeria vinosa
5.9
P
1
Cord u legastridae
p
Cordulegaster sp.
5.7
P
3
Gomphidae
p
Stylogomphus albistylus
4.7
P
1
Libellulidae
p
Pantala f/avescens
1
Hemiptera
Gerridae
p
Trepobates sp.
p
3
Veliidae
p
2
Microvelia sp.
p
1
Megaloptera
Corydalidae
p
Pennington and Associates, Inc.
Page 1 of 3
ansoncowmfcl.xls 3/15/2007

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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
BENTHIC MACRO INVERTEBRATES COLLECTED FROM ANSON COUNTY, WMF, NC, 9/20/06.
SPECIES T.V. F.F.G. REFERENCE UPSTREAM DOWNSTRFAM
Nigronia serricornis
5
P
10
Sialidae
p
Sialis sp.
7.2
P
1
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
FC
Diplectrona modesta
2.2
FC
1
Lepidostomatidae
SH
Lepidostoma sp.
0.9
FC
1
Molannidae
_
Molanna sp.
*6
Sc
2
Philopotamidae
FC
Chimarra aterrima
2.8
FC
1
Polycentropodidae
FC
Phylocentropus sp.
6.2
FC
1
Uenoidae
Neophylax ornatus
1.5
6
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
1
Dryopidae
Helichus sp.
4.6
SC
5
Dytiscidae
*5
P
3
Hydaticus sp.
p
1
Hydroporus sp.
8.6
PI
7
Elmidae
CG
Stenelmis sp.
5.1
Sc
1
Psephenidae
Sc
Psephenus herricki
2.4
SC
6
Scirtidae
Sc
1
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
*5
P
1
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe gp.
7.2
P
1
Chironomus sp.
9.6
CG
2
1
Conchapelopia sp.
8.4
P
50 16
Cryptochironomus sp.
6.4
P
2
Goeldichironomus sp.
21 3
Microtendipes pedellus gp.
5.5
CG
3
Paralauterborniella nigrohalteralis
4.8
CG
1
Parachironomus sp.
9.4
CG
2
Parametriocnemus sp.
3.7
CG
2
Paratendipes sp.
5.1
CG
2
Phaenopsectra punctipes gp.
2
Polypedilum lllinoense
9
SH
26 11
Zavrelimyia sp.
9.1
P
3
Culicidae
FC
Anopheles sp.
8.6
FC
1
Dixidae
CG
Dixella sp.
CG
22
Muscidae
1
Tabanidae
pl
Pennington and Associates, Inc.
Page 2 of 3
ansoncowmfcl.xls 3/15/2007

BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED FROM ANSON COUNTY, WMF, NC, 9/20/06.
SPECIES
T.V. F.F.G.
REFERENCE
UPSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
Chrysops sp.
6.7 PI
1
Tipulidae
SH
4
Limnophila sp.
P
1
Pseudolimnophila sp.
7.2 P
3
2
TOTAL NO. OF ORGANISMS
133
131
TOTAL NO. OF TAXA
40
53
EPT index
11
20
13
EPT abundance
38
0
0
BIOTIC INDEX Assigned values
4,85
0
0
8.11
8.29
Pennington and Associates, Inc.
Page 3 of 3
ansoncowmfcl.xls 3/15/2007

i
i
APPENDIX C
Groundwater Gauge Hydrographs
1
1
1

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APPENDIX D
Vegetation Plot Data
1

IPiedmont Alluvial Forest (Plots 1 and 2: P
t
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Total
Trees/
Acre
Percent of
Total
Trees/
Acre
Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
Species2
box -elder
Acernegundo
2
9
0.3
9
3.4
P, R
FACW
Yes
red maple
Acer rubrum
142
645
21.2
52
19.8
V, R
FAC
Yes
river birch
Betula nigra
5
23
0.7
23
8.7
P, R
FACW
Yes
' ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
18
82
2.7
52
19.8
P, R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
10
45
1.5
0
0.0
P
N/A
No
' hackberry
Celtis occidentalis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
sugarberry
Celtis laevigata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentalis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
silky dogwood
Cornus amomum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, R
FACW+
Yes
flowering dogwood
t
persimmon
Cornus florida
Diospyros virginiana
11
0
50
0
1.6
0.0
0 --
0
0.0 -
0.0
-P _
V
_ FACU
FAC
No
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
15
68
2.2
52
19.8
P, R
FACW
Yes
'
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
American holly
Ilex opaca
16
73
2.4
0
0.0
V, R
FAC-
No
I
eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana 1 5 0.1 0 0.0 V FACU- No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
96
436
14.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
83
377
12.4
52
19.8
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
15
68
2.2
0
0.0
P
OBL
No
hophornbeam
Ostrya virginiana
18
82
2.7
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
112
509
16.7
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
2
9
0.3
9
3.4
P, R
FACW-
Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
8
36
1.2
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
southern red oak
Quercus falcata
14
64
2.1
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
laurel oak
Quercus laurifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
--No -
No
overcup oak
Quercus lyrata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
20
91
3.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
34
155
5.1
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
P. V
FACU
No
cherrybark oak
black oak
winged sumac
Quercus pagoda
Quercus velutina
Rhus copallinum
0
9
2
0
41
9
0.0
1.3
0.3
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
P, R
V
V
FAC+
NI
NI
Yes
No
No
willow sp. `
Salix sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P. S
N/A
No
sassafras
sassafras albidum
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
elderberry' Sambucus canadensis 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P FACW- No
winged elm Ulmus a/ata 30 136 4.5 0 0.0 V FACU+ No
American elm Ulmus americana 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P. R FACW Yes
possum -haw
Viburnum nudum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW+
No
honey -locust
Gletditsia triacanthos
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
black willow
Salix nigra
3
14
0.4
14
5.3
V, R
OR
Yes
groundsel-tree
Baccharis halimifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
_-
No
pawpaw
Asimina triloba
2
9
0.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
American beech
Fagus grandifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
arrow -wood
Viburnum dentatum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
-
No
black walnut
Juglans nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
yaupon holly
Ilex vomitoria
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
TOTAL =
670
3045
100.0
263
100
' 1 -- P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.
Species planted for streambank stabilization that are not a characteristic species.

11
Piedmont Swamp Forest (Plot 3: Planted)
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Total
Trees/
Acre
Percent of
Total
Trees/
Acre
Trees/Acre for
Success
Criteria
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
Species2
box -elder
Acernegundo
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, R
FACW
Yes
red maple
Acer rubrum
77
700
15.1
52
12.9
V, R
FAC
Yes
river birch
Betula nigra
1
9
0.2
9
2.2
P, R
FACW
_
Yes
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P. R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
N/A
No
hackberry
Celtis laevigata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentalis
3
27
0.6
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, R
FACW+
Yes
flowering dogwood
Cornus florida
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
9
82
1.8
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
70
636
13.7
52
12.9
P. R
FACW
Yes
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
10
91
2.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
American holly
Ilex opaca
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FAC-
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
50
455
9.8
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
110
1000
21.5
52
12.9
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
9
82
1.8
0
0.0
P
OBL
No
loblolly pine _Pinus
taeda
62
564
12.1
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No.
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
3
27
0.6
27
6.7
P, R
FACW-
Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
laurel oak
Quercus laurifolia
00
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
overcup oak
Quercus lyrata
7
64
1.4
52
12.9
V, R
OBL
Yes
water oak -
Quercus nigra
17
155
3.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
7
64
1.4
52
12.9
V, R
FACW-
Yes
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, V
FACU
No
cherrybark oak
Quercus pagoda
10
91
2.0
52
12.9
P, R
FAC+
Yes
black oak
Quercus velutina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
winged sumac
Rhus copallinum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
willow sp.
Salix sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, S
N/A
No
elderberry
Sambucus canadensis
4
36
0.8
0
0.0
P
FACW-
No
winged elm
U/mus alata
57
518
11.1
0
0.0
V
FACU+
No
American elm
Ulmus americana
4
36
0.8
36
9.0
P. R
FACW
Yes
possum -haw
Vibumumnudum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW+
No
honey -locust
Gletditsia triacanthos
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
black willow
Salix nigra
2
18
0.4
18
4.5
V, R
OBL
Yes
groundsel-tree
Baccharishalimifolia
0 _-
0
0.0
0
0.0-
V
FAC_---
No
pawpawAsimina
American beech
arrow -wood
black walnut
triloba
Fagus grandifolia
Viburnum dentatum
Juglans nigra
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
----
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
V
V
V
V
FAC
FACU
FAC
FACU
No
No
No
No
yaupon holly
Ilex vomitoria
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
TOTAL=
512
4655
100.1
402
100.0
1 -- P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
' 2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.
t
1

1
1
Piedmont Swamp Forest (Plot 4: Not Planted)
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Total
Trees/
Acre
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre
Trees/Acre for
Success
Criteria
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
SpecieS2
box -elder
Acernegundo
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
red maple
Acerrubrum
35
636
16.9
52
20.0
V, R
FAC
Yes
river birch
Betula nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
hackberry
Celtislaevigata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentals;
2
36
1.0
0
0.0
V
_
OBL
No
silky dogwood
_.
Comus amomum
----- ---
0
0
---
0.0
--........
0
---- --
0.0
V, R
FACW+
Yes
flowering dogwood
persimmon
Cornus florida
Diospyros virginiana
0
10
0 -
182
- 0_0 -
4.8
- 0
0
.... ----
0.0
0.0
- -
V
V
---- -_...
FACU
FAC
- --- -------- ._..... _
No
No
green ash
deciduous holly
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Ilex decidua
81
9
1473
164
39.1
4.3
52
0
20.0
0.0
V, R
V
FACW
FACW-
Yes
No
American holly
Ilex opaca
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FAC-
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
38
691
18.4
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
14
255
6.8
52
20.0
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
1
18
0.5
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
1
18
0.5
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V. R
FACW-
Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
laurel oak
Quercus laurifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
overcup oak
Quercus lyrata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
OBL
Yes
water oak
Quercus nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
5
91
2.4
52
20.0
V. R
FACW-
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, V
FACU
_Yes
No
cherrybark oak
Quercus pagoda
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V. R
FAC+
Yes
black oak
wingedsumac
Quercus velutina
Rhus copallinum
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0 - ---
0
0.0- -
0.0
V _--
V
NI --
NI
- No
No
willow sp.
- .-..---------_...----
elderberry -
Salix sp.
Sambucus canadensis -
0
2
0
- 36 -
0.0
1.0
0
0
0.0
0.0
V, S
V
N/A
FACW-
No
No
winged elm
Ulmus alata _
4
73
_--
1.9
_
0
-
0.0
-
V
FACU+
No
American elm
Ulmus americana
0
0
-
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
possum -haw
Viburnum nudum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW+
No
honey -locust
Gletditsia triacanthos
1
18
0.5
0
0.0
V
FAC-
No
black willow
Salix nigra
4
73
1.9
52
20.0
V, R
OBL
Yes
groundsel-tree
Baccharis halimifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
pawpaw
Asimina triloba
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
American beech
Fagus grandifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
arrow -wood
Viburnum dentatum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
black walnut
Juglans nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU_
__No
No
yaupon holly
Ilex vomitoria
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
TOTAL =
207
3764
106.0
260
100.0
1 -- P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.

1
11
11
11
1
L
APPENDIX E
Photographic Record of Vegetation Plots

Center of Plot 3 (Planted Wetland)
Center of Plot 4 (Mature Forested Wetland)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
WETLANDS 1401 GROUP
FEB 2 4 2004
WA
ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 2) ER QUALITYSECTION
ANSON COUNTY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PROJECT
ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
9� , 091p,
Prepared for:
Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc
Anson County, North Carolina
Prepared by:
EcoScience
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
[phone]
December 2003

1
FJ
1
1
1
t
3.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY MONITORING......................................................................... 19
3.1 MONITORING PROGRAM...................................................................................... 19
3.2 MONITORING RESULTS........................................................................................ 19
3.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA................................................................. 22
4.0 WETLAND VEGETATION MONITORING........................................................................ 23
4.1 MONITORING PROGRAM...................................................................................... 23
4.2 MONITORING RESULTS ..................................................
4.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA................................................................. 25
5.0 SUMMARY....................................................................................................................... 30
6.0 APPENDICES.................................................................................................................. 31
TABLE OF CONTENTS
'
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES . .
ii
iii
LIST OF TABLES
"'
'
1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................
1
'
1.1 Project Description...................................................................................................
1.2 Project Chronology..................................................................................................
1
4
2.0 STREAM MONITORING...................................................................................................
2.1 Monitoring Program .........................................
5
2.1.1 Physical Stream Attributes.........................................................................
5
'
2.1.2 Biological Stream Attributes.......................................................................
2.1.3 In -Stream Flow..........................................................................................
5
5
2.2 MONITORING RESULTS........................................................................................
6
'
2.2.1 Physical Stream Attributes.........................................................................
6
2.2.2 Biological Stream Attributes.......................................................................
6
2.2.2 In -Stream Flow..........................................................................................
16
2.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA.................................................................
16
FJ
1
1
1
t
3.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY MONITORING......................................................................... 19
3.1 MONITORING PROGRAM...................................................................................... 19
3.2 MONITORING RESULTS........................................................................................ 19
3.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA................................................................. 22
4.0 WETLAND VEGETATION MONITORING........................................................................ 23
4.1 MONITORING PROGRAM...................................................................................... 23
4.2 MONITORING RESULTS ..................................................
4.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA................................................................. 25
5.0 SUMMARY....................................................................................................................... 30
6.0 APPENDICES.................................................................................................................. 31

u
LIST OF FIGURES
1
' LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Morphological Stream Characteristics.....................................................................7
' Table 2. Summary of Hydrology Monitoring Data................................................................21
Table 3. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Alluvial Forest).........................................27
' Table 4. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Planted Area) ..................28
Table 5. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Non -planted Area) ...........29
11
1
[11
u
Figure1. Site Location..........................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Site Plan View: Constructed Stream and Wetland Creation Area ..........................3
'
Figure 3A. Plan View and Cross-sections (Middle Reach).....................................................9
Figure 3B. Plan View and Cross-sections (Middle Reach)...................................................10
Figure 3C. Plan View and Cross-sections (Lower Reach)...................................................11
'
Figure 3D. Plan View and Cross-sections (Lower Reach)...................................................12
Figure 3E. Cross-sections (Upper Reach)...........................................................................13
Figure 3F. Cross-sections (Upper Reach)...........................................................................14
Figure 4. Bio -monitoring Sites.............................................................................................15
'
Figure 5. Stream Hydrograph (Water Level and Velocity)....................................................17
Figure 6. Groundwater Gauge Locations and Wetland Boundary Determination .................20
'
Figure 7. Planting Plan and Vegetation Plots......................................................................24
1
' LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Morphological Stream Characteristics.....................................................................7
' Table 2. Summary of Hydrology Monitoring Data................................................................21
Table 3. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Alluvial Forest).........................................27
' Table 4. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Planted Area) ..................28
Table 5. Characteristic Tree Species (Piedmont Swamp Forest, Non -planted Area) ...........29
11
1
[11
u

ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (YEAR 2)
ANSON COUNTY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION PROJECT
ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc. (Chambers) has developed and begun
operations at the Anson Waste Management Facility located off US Route 74 between
Polkton and Wadesboro, Anson County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The property selected for
' the waste management facility (hereafter referred to as "the Facility") consists of
approximately 793 acres bounded by Pinch Gut Creek to the east, Brown Creek to the north
and west, and CSX Railroad to the south. The location of the waste disposal area (hereafter
' referred to as "the Disposal Area") encompasses approximately 133 acres within the Facility
and is designed to accommodate future waste disposal needs for the county and surrounding
region. Construction of the Disposal Area results in unavoidable impacts to 0.49 acre of
' jurisdictional wetlands and 1085 linear feet of perennial stream.
A detailed mitigation plan was developed to off -set unavoidable impacts caused by
construction of the Disposal Area. A forested stream and wetland complex (hereafter
referred to as "the Site"), situated below Sediment Basin #1, was proposed to maximize
treatment of surface water and groundwater runoff prior to the confluence with Pinch Gut
Creek (Figure 2). Mitigation efforts were designed to re -construct a shallower, meandering
stream channel on the abandoned floodplain and re-establish groundwater wetland
hydroperiods across the adjacent floodplain surface. Plans were reviewed and accepted by
the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the North Carolina Division of
Water Quality (DWQ). The North Carolina Section 401 Water Quality Certification (No. 3247)
was granted on September 27, 1999. The Section 404 Individual Permit (No. 199800592)
was granted on April 3, 2000.
Construction plans were developed from the detailed mitigation plan and used as a template
' to guide construction work. Restoration construction activities were initiated in early
February 2001 and completed during April 2001. Water flow was diverted into the
constructed channel on April 16, 2001. During construction several important changes were
made with respect to the original design in order to facilitate the construction process and
ultimately increase the Site's chances for success. Included with these changes was an
increase in the Site's size from approximately 9.0 acres to approximately 23.6 acres, a
significant increase in the length of constructed stream (from approximately 2040 linear feet
to approximately 2800 linear feet), and a significant increase in potential acreage for wetland
mitigation opportunities. A supplemental planting for logged wetland areas was completed in
the Spring of 2002. Modifications to the mitigation plan were reviewed and approved by the
USACE (Angie Pennock, January 2002)
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Corporation
Raleigh, North Carolina
SITE LOCATION
ANSON WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
YEAR 2 MONITORING REPORT
ANSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Dwn. by:
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FIGURE
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Date. DEC 2003
Project:
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The mitigation plan outlined monitoring procedures designed to track wetland and stream
development after restoration activities were completed. The monitoring plan requires
annual monitoring for a minimum 5 -year period and analysis of the data to evaluate
quantitative success criteria. The monitoring plan is attached for reference in Appendix A.
This document represents the second Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) designed to track
wetland and stream development as outlined in the monitoring plan. Hydrology, vegetation,
and stream parameters have been monitored throughout the year 2003 growing season, and
will be compared with hydrology model predictions, regulatory wetland criteria, and reference
(relatively undisturbed) stream characteristics and vegetative communities in the region.
1.2 Project Chronology
Review of On -Site Jurisdictional Areas
(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
Perennial Stream Limit Determination
Site Identification
Detailed Mitigation Plan
Sec. 401 Water Quality Certification
Issued (DWQ)
Monitoring Plan
Sec. 404 Wetland Permit Issued (USACE)
Site Construction and Planting
Flow Diversion
As -built Stream and Wetland Report
Post Project Review of Site
(USAGE, Angie Pennock)
Monitoring Wells and Stream Gauge Installed
Supplemental Planting in Cut -Over Areas
First Year Field Monitoring
Second Year Field Monitoring
February 17, 1998
February 4, 1999
June 1998
June 1999
September 27, 1999
August 2000
April, 2000
February - April 2001
April 16, 2001
September 2001
January 2002
February 2002
March 2002
September and October 2002
September and October 2003

1
1 2.0 STREAM MONITORING
2.1 Monitoring Program
2.1.1 Physical Stream Attributes
1 The monitoring plan calls for measurement of stream geometry attributes along a minimum
300 -foot reach. Annual fall monitoring protocol includes development of a channel plan view,
channel cross-sections on riffles and pools, pebble counts, and a water surface profile.
Specific stream data to be presented includes 1) riffle cross-sectional area, 2) bankfull width,
3) average depth, 4) maximum depth, 5) width/depth ratio, 6) meander wavelength, 7) belt
width, 8) water surface slope, 9) sinuosity, and 10) stream substrate composition. The
stream will subsequently be classified based on fluvial geomorphologic principles outlined in
Applied River Morphology (D. Rosgen, Applied River Morphology, Wildland Hydrology,
1996). Significant changes in channel morphology will be tracked and reported by
comparing data in each successive monitoring year.
2.1.2 Biological Stream Attributes
The monitoring plan was devised to provide for biological sampling of the stream channel
prior to diversion of flow and again after years 3 and 5. However, the DWQ has asked that
biological sampling be performed annually. Therefore, an evaluation of bio -monitoring
success criteria will appear in all succeeding AMRs. The procedures and methodologies for
biological monitoring have been modified to follow the standards put forth by the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) January 1997 biological monitoring protocols
and the DWQ draft guide for benthic sampling. The Qual-4 sampling method has been
adapted from the May 2000 final draft of the Interim, Internal Technical Guide for Benthic
Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Protocols for Compensatory Stream Restoration Projects from
DWQ.
The biological samples will provide a means to track taxonomic diversity over time.
Specifically, the numbers of EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) taxa will be
monitored and evaluated. The EPT taxa are not generally considered primary stream
colonizers and, therefore, are not typically found in newly established streams. All taxa will
be identified to the lowest practical level. The number of EPT genus/species is expected to
increase through the 5 -year monitoring period. An evaluation of in -stream and riparian
habitat will also be conducted at each monitoring location, following the DWQ habitat
classification system. If biological success criteria are not being fulfilled, the most likely
cause will be lack of perennial base flow and extensive sedimentation, which covers coarse
substrates in the channel. If aquatic species diversity is not increasing, additional
modifications to channel substrates may be performed and upstream sources of
sedimentation shall be identified.
2.1.3 In -Stream Flow
In -stream flows will be measured through placement of a continuous monitoring, stream flow
gauge within the constructed channel cross-section or bankfull channel culvert. The gauge
will be capable of recording stream stage (feet), velocity (feet/second), and discharge (cubic

7
1101 Haynes Street Suite 101 Raleigh, NC 27604 Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
February 24, 2004
Ms. Angie Pennock
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
US Army Corps of Engineers
PO BOX 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
WETLANDS 1401 GROUP
FEB 2 4 2004
WATER QUALirR SECTION
Re: Annual Monitoring Report (Year 2) — Anson County Waste Management Facility
Stream and Wetland Restoration Project, Anson County, North Carolina.
USACE Action ID 199800592 0WQ:0 'F7 -09-7a
Dear Angie:
On behalf of Chambers Development of North Carolina, Inc., EcoScience Corporation has
completed the second year monitoring report at the Anson County Waste Management Facility
located in Anson County. One copy of the document is enclosed for your use. We will forward
a copy of the document to John Dorney of the N.C. Division of Water Quality for Section 401
review.
In summary, the mitigation site met success criteria as stipulated in the mitigation plan and
approved as part of your Section 404 and 401 permits for the mall project. We are continuing
with monitoring in 2004 (Year 3).
If you have any questions or comments, please contact Jens Geratz or Jerry McCrain at ESC.
Sincerely,
ECOaySCIE E C RPORATION
Jens Geratz
Senior Scientist
cc: John Dorney, N.C. Division of Water Quality (1 copy)

' feet per second, CFS). The data will be reported as peak daily flows for channel velocity
(feet/second), discharge (CFS), and stage in tabular and graphic format.
' 2.2 MONITORING RESULTS
2.2.1 Physical Stream Attributes
After the second year of monitoring, the stream restoration effort includes approximately
.2800 linear feet of constructed stream on new location and approximately 1240 linear feet of
reactivated backwater channel through the floodplain of Pinch Gut Creek. Six permanent
cross-sections were established along the constructed stream channel in 2001, two in the
upper reach, two in the middle reach, and two in the lower reach. Current cross-sectional
' data has been superimposed on the current year data to track aggradation or degradation in
the channel. Stream channel morphological characteristics are provided in Table 1.
' Channel Dimension Attributes
Channel dimension attributes were obtained from the surveyed cross-sections depicted in
' Figures 3A -3F. The constructed channel currently exhibits a bankfull mean width of 3.6 feet,
a bankfull mean depth of 0.5 feet, and a mean bankfull width/depth ratio of 7.0. The mean
bankfull cross-sectional area is 2.0 square feet and ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 square feet.
' Channel dimension attributes remain consistent with parameters established under as -built
conditions.
Channel Pattern, Slope, and Substrate
The entire length of the constructed channel was walked and visually assessed for changes
during the second year of development. Based on the qualitative analysis, the channel has
supported stable pattern, slope, and substrate attributes since the first year of monitoring;
therefore, quantitative measurements remain similar to those performed in the year 1
2.2.2 Biological Stream Attributes
Current year benthic surveys were performed on April 23, 2003. On-site monitoring sites are
shown in Figure 4. Results of the current year monitoring data are depicted in Appendix B.
Attempts to perform benthic surveys were unsuccessful during the 2002 monitoring year due
to the lack of water in the stream channel at the time of sampling. Therefore, the 2003
' monitoring data is the first benthic sample following stream construction. A total of 128
organisms representing 15 taxa (genus/species) were collected in the current monitoring
period. However, no EPT taxa (genus/species) were reported from the current year benthic
sampling data.
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1
1
As a part of the biological stream attribute assessment, a habitat field data sheet has been
completed to describe the potential habitat and physical conditions of the stream. The
habitat assessment measures characteristics associated with mature streams including bend
angles, in -stream habitat features, substrate, bank stability measures, and vegetation
parameters. The current year stream received a habitat assessment score of 81 out of a
possible 100. The assessment gave high scores for pool variety, riffle habitat, bank stability,
light penetration (Le. good shading), and riparian vegetation width. Medium scores were
attributed to stable habitat, substrate type, and pool variety. The pre -construction stream
received a habitat assessment score of 61 out of a possible 100.
The reference stream received a habitat assessment score of 100 out of a possible 100.
Completed stream habitat assessment forms describing the physical habitat characteristics
present in the channel prior to construction and reference site sampling will be used for
comparison with subsequent sampling dates.
2.2.2 In -Stream Flow
An ISCO brand, continually monitoring stream gauge is located at the lower end of the
stream culvert located in the roadway in the western portion of the Site. Data recorded for
this monitoring year include water levels and velocity from January 11, 2003 to October 15,
2003.
The yearly hydrograph is shown in Figure 5. The graph is punctuated by numerous small
' and large rain events which occurred regularly through the monitoring period. During
monthly visits to the Site, many larger streams in the region including Pinch Gut Creek
remained surprisingly low throughout the monitoring period. Average daily discharge at the
stream gauge location was calculated at 0.58 cubic feet per second (cfs) and average hourly
base flow (discarding peak flow periods) was calculated to be approximately 0.25 cfs.
Bankfull velocities at the downstream invert approach 3.0 to 3.5 cfs.
1
1
1
2.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
Success criteria for stream restoration has been subdivided into three primary components:
1) successful classification of the reach as a functioning stream system; 2) channel stability
indicative of a stable stream system; 3) sufficient hydrology to support a perennial stream,
and 4) development of biological communities over time. Only the first two items will be
addressed, with the hydrology and biological component appearing in subsequent sampling
dates, when more data becomes available.
For classification purposes, the stream supports an entrenchment ratio greater than 2.2 and
a width/depth ratio less than 12. The channel exhibits high sinuosity (>1.5) and an average
riffle slope between 0.004 and 0.006 (rise/run). The riffle substrate is dominated by fine
gravel (D50: 2.9 mm). Therefore, stream geometry and substrate measurements under
current conditions suggest a stable E4 stream type, as proposed in the mitigation plan.
1
16

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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u
1
1
1
1
The as -built meander geometry and channel dimension relationships compare favorably with
the emulated, stable E4 stream type set forth in the mitigation plan (Table 1). Based on
pattern, dimension, profile, and substrate measurements depicted in Table 1 and Figure 3,
current monitoring has demonstrated the stream geometry of the constructed stream has
been relatively stable the past several years.
18

I
1
1
1
3.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY MONITORING
3.1 MONITORING PROGRAM
Seven continuous recording (RDS brand), groundwater gauges were located in the eastern
portion of the Site to provide representative coverage and flow gradients extending through
the riverine floodplain. The monitoring wells were installed in February 2002, a year
following the completion of stream and wetland construction. Figure 6 depicts the
approximate location of the monitoring wells. . Monitoring wells were installed and
downloaded in accordance with specifications in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers', Installing
Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP Technical Note HY-IA-3.1, August 1993).
The monitoring wells are set to a depth of approximately 48 inches below the soil surface.
The data extending from January 1, 2003 to November 19, 2003 have been utilized in this
Year 2 AMR, to cover the 2003 growing season. The growing season in Anson County is
defined as the period between March 15 and November 19, or 249 days. Hydrological
samples continue to be collected at twenty-four hour intervals.
3.2 MONITORING RESULTS
The raw well data are depicted as hydrographs in Appendix C. A line intersection at 12
inches below the surface was used as the cut off for wetland hydrology, following the
regulatory wetland criterion requiring saturation (free water) within one foot of the soil
surface. Wetland hydrology criteria including maximum consecutive saturation days and
percent of the growing season are summarized in Table 2. Five groundwater gauges were
located within the wetland creation (W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5) and two gauges (W6, W7)
were placed within the Pinch Gut floodplain adjacent to the slough to monitor hydrology in
and around the restored slough. Success for wetland creation is based on the five gauges
located within the creation area.
In monitoring year 2, water levels within the wetland creation areas were at or above ground
level through most of the growing season except for the typical late summer and autumn
draw down period. Gauges located in the Pinch Gut Creek floodplain displayed the typical
pattern of flooding during the early spring, followed by late summer and autumn draw down
period, punctuated by peaks associated with precipitation events. The five groundwater
gauges (W1 -W5) located in the wetland creation area exhibited similar hydrology with
maximum consecutive saturation days ranging from 189 to 202 or 76 to 81 percent of the
growing season. Gauges placed adjacent to the slough exhibited a significant increase from
Year 1 to Year 2 with maximum consecutive saturation between 103 and 182 days or 41 to
73 percent of the growing season.
19

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3.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
Hydrological success criteria require saturation or inundation between 5 and 12.5 percent of
' the growing season during average climatic conditions. These areas are also expected to
support hydrophytic vegetation. The groundwater data indicate that all gauge locations and
corresponding physiographic areas achieved hydrological success criteria for 2003. Wetland
tcreation areas exhibit wetland hydrology for at least 76 percent of the growing season.
Figure 6 depicts wetland boundaries mapped using gauge data and corresponding
hydrophytic vegetation signatures. Based on the mapping, approximately 1.7 acres of
created wetlands reside within the 22.6 -acre site.
11
d
1 22

4.0 WETLAND VEGETATION MONITORING
4.1 MONITORING PROGRAM
Quantitative vegetation sampling for the second year monitoring was carried out in
September 2003. Four permanent sampling plots were established in October 2002, during
the first year of monitoring, including three 600 -foot transects within planted areas (plots 1, 2,
and 3) and one 300 -foot transect within the non -planted area (plot 4). The vegetation plots
were established in a manner which best represented the entire site. The plot width along
each transect extends 4 feet on each side of the tape, providing a 0.11 acre plot sample for
the 600 -foot transects (600 feet x 8 feet/43560 feet/acre) and a 0.055 acre plot sample for
the 300 -foot transect (300 feet x 8 feet/43560 feet/acre). The intermediate and end points of
each plot were permanently .established with a labeled, green metal fence post that was
spray painted bright orange.
All woody species rooted within the plot boundaries were recorded. The four plots were
separated into three categories based on community classifications presented by Schafale
and Weakley (1990) and the planting status. The three categories include 1) Piedmont
Alluvial Forest (plots 1 and 2: planted); 2) Piedmont Swamp Forest (plot 3: planted); and 3)
Piedmont Swamp Forest (plot 4: not planted). The data was then used to obtain the total
number and the relative percentage of each woody species per acre. The percentage of
each species per acre in addition to the corresponding wetland status will be used to
evaluate the success criteria (see Section 5.3). Vegetation sampling from plots 1 and 2 will
be used to determine planting success of riparian areas associated with stream restoration.
Wetland creation success criteria will be based on vegetation sampled in plots 3 and 4.
Figure 7 depicts the approximate location of each vegetation sample plot and the planting
plan. Complete species inventories can be found in Appendix D. A photographic record of
vegetation plots are provided in Appendix E.
4.2 MONITORING RESULTS
The vegetative communities within the mitigation area include Piedmont Alluvial Forest,
Piedmont Swamp Forest (forested and logged), and Dry-Mesic Oak -Hickory Forest. The
majority of the acreage within the mitigation area with the exception of the logged area has a
well developed canopy and a shrub/tree layer (>1 inch DBH) composed of volunteer species
that vary in abundance according to the landscape position and micro -topographical
differences. A diversity of planted species (15 species) has survived within the planted
portions of the mitigation area.
1 The Piedmont Alluvial Forest is dominated by mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), red maple
(Acer rubrum), sweet -gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense).
Other prominent understory and sapling species include silky dogwood (Cornus amomum),
willow oak (Quercus phellos), ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), deciduous holly (Ilex
decidua), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), winged elm (Ulmus alata), and blackberry
(Rubus argutus). Herbacous vegetation within this area is currently dominated by
microstegium (Microstegium vimenium) and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans).
1 23

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The area of mature Piedmont Swamp Forest, that was not planted, is dominated by red
maple, green ash, and Chinese privet. In addition, this area is composed of species
including cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda), loblolly pine, willow oak, and ironwood.
Herbaceous vegetation is sparse within this area. A portion of the Piedmont Swamp Forest
has been clear-cut and is vegetated by a combination of planted and volunteer species. The
dominant species within this logged area includes red maple, Chinese privet, green ash,
sweet -gum, and blackberry. Additional species include loblolly pine, willow oak, and
cherrybark oak. This area also contains numerous herbaceous species including sedges
(Carex spp.), rushes (Juncus spp.), flatsedges (Cyperus spp.), wool grass (Scirpus
cyperinus), broad -leaf arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), and water -plantain (Alisma
subcordatum).
The planting plan was modified slightly to accommodate changes in as -built stream and
wetland creation areas. A logged portion of the Site was included in a supplemental planting
in March 2002. Of the 24 -acre mitigation site, a total of 5.2 acres within the Piedmont Alluvial
Forest and the Piedmont Swamp Forest was planted at 435 stems/acre. An additional 0.8
acres of stream -side assemblage area was planted at a density of 680 stems/acre. A total of
33 woody species, both planted and volunteer were surveyed. The top 8 species for the
second year of monitoring include Chinese privet, red maple, sweet -gum, green ash, silky
dogwood, loblolly pine, willow oak, and ironwood. The total stocking level averaged across
the Site is 3960 stems/acre. Chinese privet, red maple, and sweet -gum account for
approximately 58 percent of the total number of stems surveyed.
During the first year of monitoring, establishment of planted seedlings on moist sites
appeared to be good. Moderate mortality to planted upland seedlings and live willow stakes
was observed. Early season drought was suspected as the primary cause for the seedling
mortality. During this second year of monitoring, moderate mortality occurred reducing the
total number of trees per acre within the entire mitigation area; however, the majority of the
reduction resulted from the loss of species not sufficient for a jurisdictional wetland
determination. The loss of several species reduced the characteristic tree species for
vegetation success criteria including bitternut hickory within the Piedmont Alluvial Forest,
ironwood within the Piedmont Swamp Forest (planted), and American elm within the
Piedmont Swamp Forest (not planted). However, several species have increased in number
per acre over the second year including ironwood and sweet -gum in the Piedmont Alluvial
Forest, and red maple, green ash, sweet -gum, and willow oak in the Piedmont Swamp
Forest (not planted). The increase in these species is due to the establishment of new
seedlings produced from established trees within these areas.
4.3 EVALUATION OF SUCCESS CRITERIA
Success in the restoration of wetland vegetation includes the establishment and
maintenance of a species composition sufficient for a jurisdictional wetland determination.
Additional success criteria include a minimum mean density of 320 characteristic tree
species/acre surviving at least three years after the initial planting. At least five characteristic
tree species must be present, and no species can comprise more than 20 percent (64 stems)
of the 320 stem/acre total. Softwood species (ex: loblolly pine, black willow) cannot comprise
more than 10 percent (32 stems) of the 320 stem/acre requirement.
25

' Tables 3 to 5 depict the number of trees/acre by species that can be applied to the 320
trees/acre criterion for each of the three categories, 1) Piedmont Alluvial Forest, planted; 2)
' Piedmont Swamp Forest, planted; and 3) Piedmont Swamp Forest, not planted. The 521
trees/acre, 465 trees/acre, and 384 trees/acre totals, for the second year of monitoring for
the above mentioned categories respectively, exceed the 320 trees/acre requirement stated
1 in the monitoring plan. In addition, the number of characteristic wetland species identified
totals 11, 9, and 6, respectively for the three categories, exceeding the five species diversity
minimum stated in the monitoring plan. Therefore, current stocking levels for the second
tyear of monitoring satisfy the vegetation success criteria.
0
26

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1
1 5.0 SUMMARY
The Year 2 AMR (2003) data indicate that the Anson Waste Management Facility Stream
and Wetland Mitigation Site achieved regulatory success criteria for stream geometry,
wetland hydrology, and vegetation for the second year of monitoring. Functional attributes
1 exhibited include long term surface water storage, energy dissipation, retention of nutrients
and particulates, and establishment of characteristic stream and wetland plant and wildlife
populations. The created wetland areas appear to support hydroperiods and successional
' patterns conducive to establishment of wetland forested habitat.
The results also indicate that current Site conditions meet or exceed the mitigation
requirements for both stream length and wetland acreage, as projected by the mitigation
plan. The mitigation project initially required compensatory mitigation for impacts to
1085 linear feet of stream channel (stream area of 0.07 acre) and 0.49 acre of wetlands.
The detailed mitigation plan outlined strategies designed to compensate for these stream
and wetland impacts included stream reconstruction and restoration along approximately
2040 linear feet and 0.98 acre of net wetland creation.
' The current constructed channel geometry and substrate compare favorably with the
emulated, stable E4 stream type established on reference (relatively undisturbed) stream
reaches and as set forth in the mitigation plan. The current monitoring has demonstrated
that the pattern, dimension, and profile of approximately 2800 linear feet of Priority 1, E4
1 stream restoration have remained stable over the course of the second year.
The groundwater gauge data for the created wetland area indicate that hydrology success
criteria have been achieved. Currently, approximately 1.7 acres of succeeding forested
wetland habitat occur on the Site. This represents more than 0.7 acre of net vegetated
wetland restoration gain over the original amount of compensation set forth in the mitigation
plan. Additionally, approximately 0.8 acre of open water backwater slough has been
restored to historic hydrologic conditions and approximately 5.8 acres of wetlands have been
enhanced/preserved within remaining portions of the Site.
The current vegetation surveys reflect conditions typical of mid -successional forest
development on disturbed floodplain and side slopes in the Piedmont. Early- to mid -
successional forest tree species adapted to these conditions include black willow, sweet -
gum, red maple, green ash, and river birch. Improving soil properties, increased shading,
and more mesic conditions will favor mast producing elements such as oak and hickory to
become established in sufficient quantity to develop into a characteristic floodplain
bottomland hardwood assemblage. The variable hydrologic regime found across the Site will
promote diverse wetland community patterns across the site and will consequently enhance
' opportunities for wetland dependent wildlife. Vegetative data also indicate that the wetland
creation areas support species typical of bottomland hardwood communities at densities
sufficient to meet jurisdictional standards.
�
30

' 6.0 APPENDICES
Appendix A: Monitoring Plan
' Appendix B: Biological Monitoring Data
Appendix C: Groundwater Gauge Hydrographs
Appendix D: Vegetation Plot Data
' Appendix E: Photographic Record of Vegetation Plots
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APPENDIX A
Monitoring Plan
(Excerpt from the Monitoring Plan, August 2000)
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' 2.0 MONITORING PLAN
The Monitoring Plan consists of a comparison between reference and restoration areas
along with evaluation of jurisdictional wetland criteria (DOA 1987). Wetland monitoring will
entail analysis of hydrology and vegetation development. Stream monitoring will include
M assessment of channel stability and biological attributes. Monitoring of restoration efforts will
be performed for 5 years or until success criteria are fulfilled.
Ci
C�
2.1 Wetland Hvdrologv
After hydrological modifications are performed, continuous monitored, surficial monitoring
wells will be installed in accordance with specifications in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers'
(USACE), Installing Monitoring Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP Technical Note HY-IA-
3.1, August 1993). Monitoring wells will be set to a depth of approximately 48 inches below
the soil surface. All screened portions of the well will be buried in a sand screen, filter fabric,
and a bentonite cap to prevent siltation. The recording device will be placed above the
projected depth of inundation from overbank flooding (based upon elevations that do not
exhibit evidence of recent wrack or silt lines). The wells will be stabilized by reinforcing steel
bar (re -bar).
Seven monitoring wells will be installed in restoration areas to provide representative
coverage within each of the physiographic landscape units depicted in Figure 3.
Hydrological sampling will be performed by the automatic sampling device on a daily basis
throughout the year. Well data will be downloaded from the device on an average, 2 month
interval.
2.2 Hydrology Success Criteria
Hydrology success criteria comprises saturation (free water) within 1 foot of the soil surface
for a minimum of 5% to 12.5% of the growing season, under normal climatic conditions. This
hydroperiod translates to saturation for a minimum, 13 -day to 28 -day consecutive period
during the growing season, extending from March 28 through November 3 (USDA,
unpublished).
2.3 Wetland Vegetation
Monitoring procedures for vegetation are designed in accordance with EPA guidelines
presented in Mitigation Site Type (MIST) documentation (EPA 1990). The following presents
a general discussion of the monitoring program.
Vegetation will receive cursory, visual evaluation during periodic download of monitoring
wells to ascertain the general conditions and degree of overtopping of planted elements by
weeds. Subsequently, quantitative sampling of vegetation will be performed once annually
during the fall for 5 years or until vegetation success criteria are achieved.
Permanent, randomly placed plots will be established at representative locations in the
wetland restoration areas. Each plot will consist of circular or transect plots, dependent upon
site conditions encountered within each wetland restoration area. Circular plots will typically
extend for a 37.2 -foot radius, encompassing a 0.1 acre land area. For transect plots, two

r300 -foot transects will extend from a central origin. The plot width along the transect will
extend 4 -feet on each side of the tape, providing a 0.11 acre plot sample at the location.
i Four plots will be established to provide a 25 percent sample and a depiction of tree species
available for expansion within wetland restoration areas of the Site. In each plot, tree
species and number of stems will be recorded and seedling/sapling/tree height measured.
' Tree data from all plots will be combined into one database to calculate an average density,
by species, represented in restoration areas of the Site.
In each plot, presence/absence of shrub and herbaceous species will be recorded. A
wetland data form (DOA 1987) will be completed to document the classification and
description of vegetation, soil, and hydrology.
2.4 Vegetation Success Criteria
Success criteria include the verification, per the wetland data form, that each plot supports a
species composition sufficient for a jurisdictional determination. Additional success criteria
are dependent upon density and growth of "Character Tree Species". Character Tree
Species are identified through visual inventory of an approved reference (relatively
1 undisturbed) wetland community used to orient the restoration project design. All canopy
tree species identified in the reference wetland will be utilized to define "Character Tree
Species" as termed in the success criteria.
An average density of 320 stems per acre of Character Tree Species must be surviving in
P 9
the first three monitoring years. Subsequently, 290 character tree species per acre must be
1 surviving in year 4 and 260 character tree species per acre in year 5. Planted character tree
species (oaks, cypress, and tupelo gum, etc.) must represent a minimum of 30 percent of the
1 required stem per acre total (96 stems/acre). Each naturally recruited character species may
represent up to 10 percent of the required stem per acre total. In essence, 7 naturally
recruited character species may represent a maximum of 70 percent of the required
stem/acre total. Additional stems of naturally recruited species above the 10 to 70 percent
thresholds are discarded from the statistical analysis. The remaining 30 percent is reserved
for planted character species (oaks, cypress, tupelo gum, etc.) as a seed source for species
maintenance during mid -successional phases of forest development.
If vegetation --success criteria are not achieved based on average density calculations from
1 combined plots over the entire restoration area, supplemental planting will be performed with
tree species approved by regulatory agencies. Supplemental planting will be performed as
needed until achievement of vegetation success criteria.
No quantitative sampling requirements are proposed for herb and shrub assemblages.
Development of a forest canopy over several decades and restoration of wetland hydrology
will dictate success in migration and establishment of desired wetland understory and
groundcover populations.
r

' 2.5 Stream Stabilit
A selected stream reach, extending for a minimum of 300 feet along the constructed channel,
will be monitored for physical geometry and in -stream flow.
Phvsical Geometry
' Annual fall monitoring will include development of a channel plan view, channel cross-
sections on riffles and pools, and pebble counts. Data to be generated will include: 1) cross-
sectional area; 2) bankfull width; 3) average depth; 4) maximum depth; 5) width/depth ratio;
6) meander wavelength; 7) belt width; 8) sinuosity; and 9) stream substrate composition.
The stream will subsequently be classified according to stream geometry and substrate
(Rosgen 1996). Significant changes in channel morphology will be tracked and reported by
' comparing data in each successive monitoring year.
In -Stream Flow
' In -stream flows will be measured through placement of a continuous monitoring, stream flow
gauge within the constructed channel cross-section or bankfull channel culvert. The gauge
will be capable of recording stream stage (ft), velocity (ft/second), and discharge (cubic feet
per second, CFS). The data will be reported as peak daily flows for channel velocity
(ft/second), discharge (CFS), and stage in tabular and graphic format. As designed, the
' gauge will not record flow data associated with overbank flows that are distributed across the
restored floodplain surface.
2.6 Stream Stability Success Criteria
Success criteria for stream restoration will include: 1) successful classification of the reach as
a stable stream type (Rosgen 1996) and 2) channel geometry changes indicative of a stable
stream system.
The channel configuration will be compared on an annual basis to track changes in channel
geometry, profile, and substrate. These measurements will be utilized to assist in
determining the success in restoring stream channel stability. Specifically, the channel will
be successfully classified as an E stream type including a bank/height ratio less than 1.1, an
entrenchment ratio greater than 5, and a bankfull width/depth ratio less than 12. The field
indicator of bankfull will be described in each monitoring year and indicated on representative
channel cross-sections. The bankfull- channel -may also be predicted from stream gauge data
and compared to bankfull indicators starting in the third year of monitoring.
Modifications to the channel will be performed to increase or decrease the sediment
transport capacity, reduce sediment loading from the upper watershed, or adjust other
attributes as needed. If the stream channel is widening due to bank erosion, additional bank
or slope stabilization methods will be employed.
2.7 Stream BioloAy
The in -stream, biological monitoring program will follow procedures established in DWQ's,
Interim, Internal Technical Guide: Benthic Macro -invertebrate Monitoring Protocols for
ri

Compensatory Stream Restoration Proiects (DWQ 2000). Benthic macro -invertebrate
samples will be collected using the Qual-4 collection method. This procedure is preferred for
1St and 2nd order streams with catchments of less than 1 square mile in the Sand Hill region.
All biological samples will be collected during the summer months (June -September).
Monitoring locations will be permanently marked and will extend for approximately 300 linear
feet along the designated reach. Collection and taxonomic analysis of benthic macro -
invertebrates will be performed by a certified DWQ company/laboratory. Collected animals
will be identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible.
During each sample event described below, Stream Habitat Assessment Forms will be
prepared that describe physical habitat characteristics that were present in the channel
(DWQ 2000). Collection procedures and processed biological samples will be available for
review by DWQ biologists, including annual reports summarizing the data in the fall of each
year.
The monitoring program includes: 1) a statement of biological objectives for stream
restoration; 2) reference reach (target) sampling; 3) impacted stream reach (base -line)
sampling; and 4) restoration reach sampling.
'
Biological Objectives of Restoration
The goals
and objectives of stream restoration are to convert a linear dredged channel into a
moderate
to highly sinuous stream. The existing, dredged channel is entrenched with
1
floodplain
benches consisting of eroded banks along the incised channel. As a result,
stream restoration is expected to provide the following biological benefits:
1)
Increase the abundance of pool habitat; including deep water and bank
overhang shelters.
1
2)
Increase the abundance of riffle habitat (higher velocity flow over coarser
substrate).
3)
Provide connectivity to aquatic organisms between the restored floodplain
habitat and in -stream habitat during more frequent overbank floods.
4)
Increase the diversity of stream substrates by transitioning flows from riffles to
pools within each meander wavelength.
5)
Reducing bank erosion and substrate homogenization (fining of the stream
substrate) relative to existing conditions. The stream bed is expected to
change from a silt dominated substrate to a coarse sand dominated substrate
over time.
6)
Increase the abundance of coarse woody debris in the channel.
7)
Increase potential for colonization and expansion of benthic macro -
invertebrate feeding guilds for intolerant orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera,
Trichoptera [EPT]) such as mayfly (Alentrella sp., Baetis sp.), stonefly
(Allocapnia sp., Isoperla sp.), and caddisfly (Cheumatopsycue sp.,
'
Hydropsyche sp.). Diagnostic species utilized to assess benefits to biological
habitat will be discerned from reference reach sampling.

i
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Reference Reach (Target) Sampling
A reference reach will be sampled to provide a characterization of taxa present within
relatively undisturbed streams in the region that supports a similar drainage area (< 0.3
square mile). The reference sample will be collected within headwater reaches of Flat
Creek, located on Fort Bragg, in Cumberland County. This reference reach and associated
drainage area is unlikely to be impacted by development within the military base over the
next several decades. In addition, this reference reach has been utilized to establish stream
geometry for reconstruction. The monitoring location will be positioned along a transitional
zone from intermittent to perennial stream, including a drainage area of less than 0.3 square
mile. Along with Stream Habitat Assessment Forms, the results of the reference sample will
be used to generate a taxa list of relative abundance, to assess diagnostic (target) taxa, and
for future metric calculations and subsequent evaluation of findings.
Impacted Stream Reach (Base -Line) Sampling
Base -line (pre -project) sampling within the impacted stream reach will be performed prior to
disturbance. A taxa list of relative abundance and Stream Habitat Assessment Form will be
' compared to reference reach data and restoration reach data to assess existing conditions
and compile a list of taxa currently available for expansion into the reconstructed stream.
' Restoration Reach Sampling
Restoration reach sampling will be performed annually for a minimum of 3 years, starting one
full year after the impacted stream is disturbed and the restoration reach established. As
tdescribed above, a taxa list of relative abundance and Stream Habitat Assessment Form
generated for the restored reach will be compared to reference reach and impacted reach
data in tabular format. The comparison will depict the taxa that are colonizing the
reconstructed channel relative to target and pre -project conditions.
' 2.8 Stream Biology Success Criteria
Success criteria associated with biological monitoring will follow procedures established in
DWQ's monitoring protocols (DWQ 2000). Success criteria may be modified based on
' future, quantitative protocols established by DWQ. In general, Stream Habitat Assessment
Forms will be utilized to verify functional replacement of in -stream, aquatic habitat. Summary
statistics will be used to verify the process of colonization by diagnostic taxa, including a
' potential trajectory from base -line conditions towards target conditions over time.
The baseline sample, collected within the stream reach to be impacted by landfill
' development, will establish the functional capacity of the existing stream and will denote
base -line conditions for restoration efforts. The target sample, collected within the reference
(relatively undisturbed) stream reach, will establish the best -case conditions and ultimate,
' long term goal for the restoration project.
Success criteria will include evidence that the restored stream reach meets or exceeds the
' base -line biological condition. Summary statistics within the restored reach will be used to
verify that species diversity meets or exceeds diversity within the impacted stream. In

i
' addition, colonization patterns and development of aquatic habitat over time will exhibit a
trajectory towards reference reach conditions in each successive monitoring year.
' 2.9 Report Submittal
An Annual Wetland Monitoring Report (AWMR) will be submitted to USACE and DWQ at the
' end of each monitoring year. The AWMR will depict the sample plot locations and include
photographs which illustrate site conditions. Data compilations and analyses will be
presented as described in Sections 2.1 through 2.8 including graphic and tabular format,
' where practicable. Success criteria will be interpreted based on quantitative data described
above. In the event that success criteria are not achieved, methods for contingency or
remediation will be recommended.

i
APPENDIX B
Biological Monitoring Data
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3/01 Revision 6
Habitat Assessment Field Data Sheet
Mountain/ Piedmont Streams
Biological Assessment Unit, DWQ OTAL SCORE
Directions for use: The observer is to survey a minimum of 100 meters of stream, preferably in an upstream direction
starting above the bridge pool and the road right-of-way. The segment which is assessed should represent average stream
conditions. To perform a proper habitat evaluation the observer needs to get into the stream. To complete the form, select the
description which best fits the observed habitats and then circle the score. If the observed habitat falls in between two
descriptions, select an intermediate score. A final habitat score is determined by adding the results from the different metrics.
�SOYI
Stream's % �+� Location/roa ://(Road Name )County
Date CC# Basin�(�_i4'� Subbasin
Observers) Type of Study: ❑ Fish 0- enthos ❑ Basinwide ❑Special Study (Describe)
Latitude Longitude Ecoregion: ❑ MT ❑ P ❑ Slate Belt ❑ Triassic Basin
Water Quality: Temperature DO i'� _mg/1 Conductivity (corr.),,5jimhos/cm pH"
Physical Characterization: Visible land use refers to immediate area that you can see from sampling location - include
what you see driving thru the watershed in watershed land use.
Visible Land Use: ��_%Forest %Residential %Active Pasture °/ Active Crops
R'd%Fallow Fields % Commercial %Industrial %Other - Describe: C
Watershed land use : ❑Forest ❑Agriculture ❑Urban ❑ Animal operations upstream 4&VA11
Width: (meters) Stream Channel (at top of bank)--L—Stream Depth: (m) Avg ©.3 Max&.!
❑ Width variable ❑ Large river >25m wide
Bank Height (from deepest part
_of�channel (in riffle or run) to top of bank): (m)('a
Bank Angle: ° or ETNA (Vertical is 90°, horizontal is 0°. Angles > 90° indicate slope is towards mid -channel,
< 90° indicate slope is away from channel. NA if bank is too low for bank angle to matter.)
❑Deeply incised-steep,straight banks ❑Both banks undercut at bend ❑Channel filled in with sediment
' ❑Recent overbank deposits ❑Bar development ❑Buried structures ❑Exposed bedrock
❑Excessive periphyton growth ❑Heavy filamentous algae growth ❑Green tinge ❑Sewage smell
Manmade Stabilization:)6N ❑Y: ❑Ri -rap, cement, gabions El Sediment/grade-control structure ❑Berm/levee
Flow conditions: ❑High ❑Normal Low
' Turbidity: ❑Clear ❑ Slightly Turbid ;Turbid ❑Tannic 0Milky ❑Colored (from dyes)
Weather Conditions: Photos:N ❑Y ❑Digital 035mm
•- f110t cv . j
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I. Channel Modification Score
A. channel natural, frequent bends........................................................................................................
B. channel natural, infrequent bends (channelization could be old) ...................................................... 4
C. some channelization present.............................................................................................................. 3
D. more extensive channelization, >40% of stream disrupted............................................................... 2
E. no bends, completely channelized or rip rapped or gabioned, etc ..................................................... 0
❑ Evidence of dredging ❑Evidence of desnagging=no large woody debris in stream Gtanks of uniform shape/height
Remarks Subtotal
II. Instream Habitat: Consider the percentage of the reach that is favorable for benthos colonization or fish cover. If >70%
of the reach is rocks, 1 type is present, circle the score of, 17. Definition: leafpacks consist of older leaves that are packed
together and have begun to decay (not piles of leaves in pool areas). Mark as Rare, Common, or Abundant. .
Rocks —k-Macrophytes ASticks and leafpacks Snags and logs *Undercut banks or root mats
AMOUNT OF REACH FAVORABLE FOR COLONIZATION OR COVER
IV. Pool Variety Pools are areas of deeper than average maximum depths with little or no surface turbulence. Water
velocities associated with pools are always slow. Pools may take the form of "pocket water", small pools behind boulders or
>70%
40-70%
20-40%
<20%
III. Bottom Substrate (silt, sand, detritus, gravel, cobble, boulder) look at entire reach for substrate scoring, but only
Score
Score
Score
Score
4 or 5 types present .................
20
16
12
8
3 types present .........................
19
0
11
7
2 types present .........................
18
14
10
6
1 type present ...........................
17
13
9
5
N t
0
2. embeddedness>50%............................................................................................................
4
D. substrate homogeneous
o types presen .......................
IV. Pool Variety Pools are areas of deeper than average maximum depths with little or no surface turbulence. Water
velocities associated with pools are always slow. Pools may take the form of "pocket water", small pools behind boulders or
❑ No woody vegetation in riparian zone RemarksUS at lfwl V1Et`' 11,
Subtotal_
(01 UTAI�
III. Bottom Substrate (silt, sand, detritus, gravel, cobble, boulder) look at entire reach for substrate scoring, but only
look at riffle for embeddedness.
A. substrate with good mix of gravel cobble and boulders
Score
1. embeddedness <20% (very little sand, usually only behind large boulders) .........................
15
2. embeddedness 20-40%..........................................................................................................
12
3. embeddedness 40-80%..........................................................................................................
8
4. embeddedness>80%.............................................................................................................
3
B. substrate gravel and cobble
1. embeddedness<20%............................................................................................................
14
2. embeddedness 20-40%.........................................................................................................
11
3. embeddedness 40-80%.......................................................................................................
6
4. embeddedness>80%............................................................................................................
2
C. substrate mostly gravel
43
1. embeddedness<50%............................................................................................................
08
2. embeddedness>50%............................................................................................................
4
D. substrate homogeneous
1. substrate nearly all bedrock...................................................................................................
3
2. substrate nearly all sand........................................................................................................
3
3. substrate nearly all detritus....................................................................................................
2
4. substrate nearly all silt/ clay..................................................................................I................
1
Remarks
Subtotal
IV. Pool Variety Pools are areas of deeper than average maximum depths with little or no surface turbulence. Water
velocities associated with pools are always slow. Pools may take the form of "pocket water", small pools behind boulders or
obstructions, in large high gradient streams.
A. Pools present
Score
1. Pools Frequent (>30% of 100m area surveyed)
a. variety of pool sizes...............................................................................................................
61
b. pools same size (indicates pools filling in)............................................................................
8
2. Pools Infrequent (<30% of the 100m area surveyed)
'
a. variety of pool sizes...............................................................................................................
6
b. pools same size......................................................................................................................
4
B. Pools absent...........................................................................................................................................
0
Subtotall
❑ Pool bottom boulder-cobble=hard ❑ Bottom sandy -sink as you walk
Silt bottom ❑ Some pools over wader depth
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0 Disclaimer -form filled out, but score doesn't match subjective opinion -atypical stream.
s
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Page Total
TOTALSCORE�

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BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED FROM ANSON COUNTY STREAM MITIGATION,
FEBRUARY, 25, 2003.
SPECIES T.V. F.F.G. ANSON CO
ANNELIDA
Oligochaeta
*1
CG
Haplotaxida
Naididae
*8
CG
1
ARTHROPODA
Crustacea
Cladocera
Daphnidae
Ceriodaphnia sp.
1
Isopoda
Asellidae
*8
SH
Caecidotea sp.
9.11
CG
1
Amphipoda
Crangonyctidae
Crangonyx sp.
7.87
CG
17
Insecta
Odonata
Coenagrionidae
*9
P
Enallagma sp.
8.91
P
3
Corduliidae
*5
P
Somatochlora sp.
9.15
P
2
Diptera
Chironomidae
5
Chironomus sp.
9.63
CG
62
Conchapelopia sp.
8.42
P
9
Polypedilum illinoense
9
SH
17
Rheocricotopus roBacki
7.28
CG
2
Zavrelimyia sp.
9.11
P
3
Culicidae
*8
FC
1
Simuliidae
*6
FC
Simulium sp.
6
FC
3
Tipulidae
*3
SH
Hexatoma sp.
4.31
P
1
TOTAL NO. OF ORGANISMS
128
TOTAL NO. OF TAXA
15
EPT TAXA
p
BIOTIC INDEX
8.97
Pennington and Associates, Inc.
Page 1 of 1
ecoscienceansonco 12/15/2003

i
1
1
APPENDIX C
Groundwater Gauge Hydrographs
11
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11
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APPENDIX D
Vegetation Plot Data

i
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest (Plots 1 and 2: Planted) .
Piedmont Alluvial Forest (Plots 1 and 2: Planted)
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Total
Trees/
Acre
Percent of
Total
Trees/
Acre
Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
Species2
box -elder
Acernegundo
4
18
0.5
18
3.5
P, R
FACW
Yes
red maple
Acer rubrum
144
655
16.7
64
12.3
V, R
FAC
Yes
river birch
Betula nigra
13
59
1.5
59
11.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
47
214
5.5
64
12.3
P, R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya g/abra
15
68
1.7
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
5
23
0.6
0
0.0
P
N/A
No
hackberry
Celflslaevigata
1
5
0.1
5
1.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
buttonbush
Cepha/anthus occidentalis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
silky dogwood
Cornus amomum
90
409
10.4
64
12.3
P, R
FACW+
Yes
flowering dogwood
Cornus florida
13
59
1.5
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
4
18
0.5
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
16
73
1.9
64
12.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
deciduous holly
flex decidua
16
73
1.9
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
American holly
Ilex opaca
14
64
1.6
0
0.0
V, R
FAC-
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
215
977
24.9
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
91
414
10.6
64
12.3
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
2
9
0.2
0
0.0
P
OBL
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
58
264
6.7
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
1
5
0.1
5
1.0
P, R
FACW-
Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
4
18
0.5
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
laurel oak
Quercus /aurifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
overcup oak
Quercus lyrata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
water oak
Quercus nigra
12
55
1.4
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phe/los
30
136
3.5
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
8
36
0.9
0
0.0
P, V
FACU
No
cherrybark oak
Quercus pagoda
11
50
1.3
50
9.6
P, R
FAC+
Yes
black oak
Quercus ve/utina
3
14
0.3
0
0.0
V
NI
No
winged sumac
Rhus copallinum
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
V
NI
No
willow sp. *
Salix sp.
12
55
1.4
0
0.0
P, S
N/A
No
elderberry *
Sambucus canadensis
1
5
0.1
0
0.0
P
FACW-
No
winged elm
Ulmus a/ata
17
77
2.0
0
0.0
V
FACU+
No
American elm
U/mus americana
14
64
1.6
64
12.3
P, R
FACW
Yes
TOTAL =
862
3918
100.0
521
100.0
1 - P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.
* -- Species planted for streambank stabilization that are not a characteristic species.

Piedmont/Mountain Swamp Forest (Plot 3: Planted)
Piedmont Swamp Forest (Plot 3. Planted)
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Total
Trees/
Acre
Percent of Trees/Acre
Total for
Trees/ Success
Acre Criteria
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria
Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
Species2
box -elder
Acernegundo
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, R
FACW
Yes
red maple
Acerrubrum
61
555
16.1
64
13.8
V, R
FAC
Yes
river birch
Betula nigra
5
45
1.3
45
9.7
P, R
FACW
Yes
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya glabra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
1
9
0.3
0
0.0
P
NIA
No
hackberry
Ce/tis /aevigata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentah
6
55
1.6
0
0.0
V
OBL
No
silky dogwood
Cornus amomum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, R
FACW+
Yes
flowering dogwood
Comus florida
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
7
64
1.8
0
0.0
V
FAC
_
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
36
327
9.5
64
13.8
P, R
FACW
Yes
deciduous holly
Ilex decidua
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
American holly
flex opaca
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FAC-
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
84
764
22.2
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
94
855
24.8
64
13.8
V, R
FAC+
Yes
black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
OBL_
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
25
227
6.6
0
___
0.0
__ _
V, S
FAC
__ _
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
2
18
0.5
18
3.9
P. R
_
FACW-
- Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
_
V
FACU
_
No
laurel oak
Quercus /aurifolia
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
overcup oak
Quercus /yrata
2
18
0.5
18
3.9
V, R
OBL
Yes
water oak
Quercus nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
12
109
3.2
64
13.8
V, R
FACW-
Yes
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P, V
FACU
No
cherrybark oak
Quercus pagoda
27
245
7.1
64
13.8
P. R
FAC+
Yes
black oak
Quercus velutina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
winged sumac
Rhus copallinum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
willow sp.
Salix sp.
2
18
0.5
0
0.0
P, S
N/A
No
elderberry
Sambucus canadensis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
P
FACW-
No
winged elm
U/mus a/ata
7_
64
1.8
0
0.0
V
FACU+
No
American elm
U/mus americana
8
73
2.1
64
13.8
P, R
FACW
Yes
TOTAL =
379
3445
100.0
465
100.0
1 - P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.

Piedmont/Mountain Swamp Forest (Plot 4:
Piedmont Swamp Forest (Plot 4: Not Planted)
Not Planted)
Common name
Scientific name
Stems
Total
Trees/
Acre
Percent of Trees/Acre for
Total Trees/ Success
Acre Criteria
Percent of
Total Trees/
Acre for
Success
Criteria Comments'
Wetland
Status
Characteristic
SpeciesZ
box -elder
Acernegundo
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
red maple
Acer rubrum
89
1618
35.7
64
16.7
V, R
FAC
Yes
river birch
Betula nigra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
ironwood
Carpinus caroliniana
9
164
3.6
64
16.7
V, R
FAC
Yes
pignut hickory
Carya g/abra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
mockernut hickory
Carya tomentosa
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
N/A
No
hackbeny
Cekis laevigata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
1
buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentals;
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
OBL
N_o_
silky dogwood
Comus amomum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW+
Yes__
flowering dogwood
Comus florida
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
2
36
0.8
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
49
891
19.7
64
16.7
V, R
FACW
Yes
deciduous holly
flex decidua
5
91
2.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
American holly
flex opaca
3
55
1.2
0
0.0
V, R
FAC-
No
eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana
2
36
0.8
0
0.0
V
FACU-
No
Chinese privet
Ligustrum sinense
43
782
17.3
0
0.0
V
FAC
sweet -gum
Liquidambarstyraciflua
15
273
6.0
64
16.7
V, R
FAC+
black gum
Nyssa sytvatica
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
_
V
OBL
No
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
6
109
2.4
0
0.0
V, S
FAC
No
sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW-
Yes
black cherry
Prunus serotina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU
No
laurel oak
Quercus laur/folia
2
36
0.8
0
0.0
V
FACW
No
overcup oak
Quercus /yrata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
OBL
Yes
water oak
Quercus nigra
1
18
0.4
0
0.0
V
FAC
No
willow oak
Quercus phellos
17
309
6.8
64
16.7
V, R
FACW-
Yes
northern red oak
Quercus rubra
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, V
FACU___
No
cherrybark oak
Quercus pagoda
6
109
2.4
64
16.7
V, R
FAC+_
Yes
black oak
Quercus velutina
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
winged sumac
Rhus copallinum
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
NI
No
willow sp.
Salix sp.
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, S
N/A
No
elderberry
Sambucus canadensis
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACW-
No
.winged elm
Ulmus a/ata
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V
FACU+
No
American elm
U/mus americana
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
V, R
FACW
Yes
TOTAL=
249
4527
100.0
384
100.0
1 -- P = planted; V = volunteer; R = occurs in reference forest according to Schafale and Weakley (1990); S = softwood
2 -- Characteristic species are defined as species found within the reference community that are
1) native, planted species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter; or
2) non -planted, volunteer species with a wetland status of FAC or wetter.

t
t
APPENDIX E
Photographic Record of Vegetation Plots
i

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7U