20010120 Ver 1_Application_20090120

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NC 55
From US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road)
Wake and Durham Counties
Federal Aid Project HPSTP-55(12)
State Project 8.1403901
TIP Project R-2906
APR 3 4 !J99
WAtE p?,l'tY?C?Tt?N .
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY.ADMINISTRATION
AND
N.C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
Approved:
AT illiam. D Gilmore Y E.. anager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
- North Carolina' Department of Transportation
v3 a,? t4s
DATE icholas L. Graf, P.E.
:Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration

NC 55
From US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road)
Wake and Durham Counties
Federal Aid Project HPSTP-55(12)
State Project 8.1403901
TIP Project R-2906
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
MARCH, 1999
Documentation Prepared by Earth Tech, Inc.
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k. Buck, P.E.
Manager
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Edward B. McFalls, P.E.
Planning Engineer
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For the North Carolina Department of Transportation:
i-Tames A. Bissett, Jr., P.E.
Consultant Engineering Unit Head

NC 55
From US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road)
Wake and Durham Counties
Federal Aid Project HPSTP-55(12)
State Project 8.1403901
TIP Project R-2906

S.0 SUMMARY
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No substantial environmental impacts are anticipated as a part of this project,
osed project is considered to be a "categorical exclusion" as defined by
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therefore
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the Federal Highway Administration's Environmental Guidelines (23 CFR 771.117).
S.2 Additional Information
The following persons can be contacted for additional information concerning this
proposal and statement:
Mr. Nicholas L. Graf, P.E.
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Avenue
Suite 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601
Telephone: [phone]
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Transportation Building
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Telephone: [phone]
S.3 Actions Required by Other Agencies
A United States Army Corps of Engineers Individual Section 404 permit is
anticipated to be applicable for the proposed project. Mitigation for wetland and stream
impacts will be obtained through the North Carolina Department of Environment and
1 Natural Resources' Wetland Restoration Program.
A North Carolina Division of Water Quality Section 401 Water Quality General
Certification is also required. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that the state
1 issue or deny water quality certification for any federally permitted or licensed activity
that may result in a discharge into Waters of the United States.
S.4 Description of the Proposed Action
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen
NC 55 to a multilane roadway from just north of US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121

(Cornwallis Road) in Durham County, a distance of 13 miles. Table S1 summarizes the
proposed widening improvements.
TABLE S1. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED WIDENING IMPROVEMENTS
SECTION OF NC 55 PROPOSED TYPICAL SECTION METHOD OF WIDENING
From just north of US 64 to just Five-lane curb and gutter facility Symmetrical widening
south of SR 1621 (Green Hope
School Road)
From just south of SR 1621 to just Four-lane divided shoulder facility East side widening
south of SR 3014 (Morrisville with a 20-foot wide raised median
Carpenter Road)
From just south of SR 3014 to just Four-lane divided shoulder facility West side widening
south of SR 1633 (Good Hope with a 20-foot wide raised median
Church Road)
From just south of SR 1633 to Four-lane divided shoulder facility East side widening
SR 2028 (Alexander Drive) with a 20-foot wide raised median
From SR 2028 to SR 1102 (Sedwick Five-lane shoulder facility Symmetrical widening
Road)
From SR 1102 to the existing Five-lane curb and gutter facility Symmetrical widening
multilane section south of NC 54
From Meridian Parkway to just south Five-lane curb and gutter facility* Symmetrical widening
of SR 1182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Rd.)
From SR 1182 to SR 1121 Four-lane divided curb and gutter West side widening
(Cornwallis Road) facility with a 16-foot raised median *NOTE: NC 55 is currently a five-lane undivided facility from a point just south of NC 54 to just south of Meridian Parkway. No
widening is proposed within this segment of NC 55.
Portions of the proposed project lie within the limits of Apex, Cary, and Durham.
The project location is shown in Figure 1. The improvements are shown in Figure 2.
S.5 Project Purpose
NC 55 is the primary route for commuters traveling to the Research Triangle Park
(RTP) from Durham and western Wake County. NC 55 also serves motorists in the
rapidly developing west Cary / Apex area. In both the Capital Area Metropolitan
Planning Organization and the Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning
Organization thoroughfare plans, NC 55 is classified as a major thoroughfare. In the
Statewide Functional Classification System, NC 55 is designated as a principal arterial.
Current capacity deficiencies are creating severe traffic congestion problems along the
route. The proposed widening project will increase the traffic carrying capacity of NC 55
and reduce traffic congestion so the route may serve its functions as a major thoroughfare
and a principal arterial to the Research Triangle Park (RTP).
S.6 Summary of Environmental Impacts
The proposed project will require the acquisition of both right of way and
easements, but no commercial or residential relocations are anticipated. The extent of the
proposed right of way and easements is shown in Figure 2. No federally protected
species, archaeological sites, or historic architectural resources are anticipated to be
impacted. However, 0.58 acres of wetlands will be filled and 801 linear feet of
jurisdictional streams will be impacted. The proposed project is not anticipated to have a
detrimental effect on the quality of the human environment.
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S.7 Alternatives Considered
Initially, four design alternatives were studied: symmetrical widening, east-side
widening, west-side widening, and a combination of east-side, west-side, and
symmetrical widening. East-side widening was eliminated from consideration due to the
close proximity of the CSX Railroad along the east side of portions of NC 55.
' Symmetrical widening was eliminated from consideration because of anticipated traffic
control difficulties and construction cost. The combination alternative was selected over
west-side widening because it had no relocatees and cumulatively minimized impacts to
wetlands, streams, and properties.
S.8 Federal, State, and Local Agencies Contacted at the Beginning of this Study
The following municipalities and agencies were contacted for information relating
to the widening of NC 55. Asterisks denote agencies that submitted written comments.
*Town of Cary
Town of Apex
Town of Morrisville
*City of Durham
I City of Raleigh
Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization
*Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
Durham County Commissioners
Wake County Commissioners
Wake County Schools
Durham County Schools
Triangle J Council of Governments
*N.C. Department of Cultural Resources
*N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources:
*North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
*Division of Water Quality
*Raleigh Regional Office
*Division of Land Resources
N.C. Department of Public Instruction
*N.C. Department of Administration -- State Clearinghouse
*U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Raleigh
*U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Wilmington
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- Atlanta
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service -- Raleigh
U.S. Geological Survey -- Raleigh
Research Triangle Foundation
S.9 Environmental Committments
The North Carolina Department of Transportation makes the following
commitments regarding the project:
1. Wetland impacts will be further minimized during the development of the roadway
design plan during the final phase of the project, where practicable.
2. The NCDOT will purchase any required wetland and stream mitigation from the
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Wetland
Restoration Program (WRP).
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3. NCDOT will minimize water quality impacts through the use of NCDOT "Best
Management Practices (BMPs) for Protection of Surface Waters" (1991).
4. The NCDOT will coordinate with the US Army Corps of Engineers (COE), US Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Division of Water Quality (DWQ), and Wildlife
Resources Commission (WRC) on the stream relocation of Long Branch Creek.
5. Geodetic control monuments impacted by the Selected Alternative will be relocated
in consultation with the US Department of Commerce and National Geodetic Survey.
The cost of relocating any impacted monument will be included in funding for the
project.
6. Hazardous waste sites or unrecorded Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) discovered
during the construction phase of the project, will be assessed and remediated in
accordance with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the NC Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, and local policies regarding cleanup procedures.
7. The NCDOT and its contractors will not excavate, fill, or perform land clearing
activities within Waters of the United States or any areas under jurisdiction of the US
Army Corps of Engineers, except as authorized by the COE. To ensure that all
borrow and waste activities occur on high ground, except as authorized by permit, the
NCDOT shall require its contractors to identify all areas to be used to borrow
material, or to dispose of dredged, fill, or waste material. Documentation of the
location and characteristics of all borrow and disposal sites associated with the project
will be available to the COE on request.
8. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will be contacted during final
design to approve any floodway modifications required by construction of the
proposed project.
S.10 Special Project Commitments
S.10.1 Bicycle Accommodations
The proposed typical sections will provide a combination of 4-foot paved
shoulders, 14-foot outside through lanes, or 13-foot outside through lanes to help
accommodate bicyclists. The proposed typical sections are described in Section 3.3.
S.10.2 Street Lighting
Municipalities along the project expressed an interest in the installation of street
lighting along NC 55 as a part of the subject project. The North Carolina Department of
Transportation's policies do not normally include participation in the cost of lights along
facilities like NC 55. Interested municipalities would be responsible for the cost of
installing street lighting. In addition, they would be responsible for maintaining street
lighting and energy costs. Interested municipalities should make a formal request to the
utility company for street lighting. The utility company should then submit lighting plans
and an encroachment application for approval by the Right of Way Branch of the North
Carolina Department of Transportation.
S.10.3 Sidewalks
The Town of Apex, Town of Cary, and City of Durham are interested in
participating in the funding of new sidewalks along the project. The locations of the
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sidewalks are anticipated to be designated during the final design phase of the project.
According to NCDOT's Pedestrian Policy Guidelines, based on their populations, Apex,
Cary, and Durham must pay for 20 %, 40 %, and 50 % of the construction costs of the
new sidewalks within their municipal limits, respectively. NCDOT participation is
limited to a maximum of 2 % of the construction cost of the project. NCDOT will
replace existing sidewalks disturbed during project construction and participate in the
funding of any new sidewalks.
5.10.4 Martin Luther King, Jr. Parkway
¦ The North Carolina Department of Transportation will design and build the
2,500-foot segment of Martin Luther King, Jr. Parkway that will tie the existing multilane
portion of that roadway to NC 55 provided Durham agrees to reimburse the State for the
costs of design, right of way acquisition, construction and any mitigation. No federal
funds are anticipated to be involved in the design, right of way acquisition, or
construction of this segment of Martin Luther King, Jr. Parkway.
S.11 Anticipated Design Exceptions
No design exceptions are anticipated as a part of the project. If, during the final
design process, any design exceptions are determined to be necessary, they will be
addressed in accordance with the FHWA-NCDOT Design Exception Policy.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ..................................................... .........................1
2.0 NEED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................. .........................3
2.1 Project Purpose ................................................................ .........................3
2.2 Existin g Conditions .......................................................... .........................3

2.2.1 Length of Roadway Section Studied .................... .........................3
2.2.2 Route Classification...---- ............................... .........................3
2.2.3 Existing Typical Section ..3
2.2.4 ......................................
Existing Right of Way . .......................
..3
2.2.5 Access Control ..................................................... ........................4
2.2.6 Speed Limits ........................................................ .........................4
2.2.7 Bridges and Drainage Structures .......................... .........................4
2.2.8 Traffic Data ...................................................................................4
2.2.9 Horizontal and Vertical Curvature ................................................5
2.2.10 Intersecting Roadways ......................................... .........................5
2.2.11 Degree of Roadside Interference ...................................................5
2.2.12 Railroad Crossings ........................................................................5
2.2.13
2.2.14 School Bus Data ............................................................................5
Airports ..........
2.2.15 Geodetic Markers ..........................................................................6
1 2.3 Capacity Analysis .....................................................................................6
2.3.1 Segment Analysis ..........................................................................6
2.3.2 Signalized Intersection Analyses ..................................................7
2.3.3 Unsignalized Intersection Analyses ..............................................7
2.4 ..7
Accident Analysis
2.5 ....................................................................................
Project Termini . ..8
2.6 Thoroughfare Plan ....................................................................................9
2.7 Benefits to the State, Region, and Community .........................................9
2.8 Other Proposed Transportation Improvements in the Area .................... ..9
3.0 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS .................................................................... 11
' 3.1 General Description ................................................................................ 11
3.2 Length of the Proposed Project ............................................................... 11
3.3
3.4 Proposed Typical Sections ......................................................................
Design Speed .......................................................................................... 11
12
3.5 Right of Way ........................................................................................... 12
3.6 Access Control ........................................................................................ 12
3.7 Intersection / Sidestreet Improvements ................................................... 12
3.8 Intelligent Transportation System Improvements ................................... 12
3.9 Bridges and Drainage Structures ............................................................. 12
3.10
3.11 Permits Required .....................................................................................
Bicycle Accommodations ....................................................................... 13
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3.12 Sidewalks ................................................................................................ 13
3.13 Street Lighting ........................................................................................ 14

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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4.0
3.14 Noise Barriers ......................................................................................... 14
3.15 Degree of Utility Conflicts ...................................................................... 14
3.16 Cost Estimates ......................................................................................... 14
3.17 Bus System Accommodations ................................................................ 15
3.18 Anticipated Design Exceptions ............................................................... 15
ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION .....................................16
4.1 Recommended Improvements ................................................................16
4.2 Design Alternatives .................................................................................16
4.3 Postponement of the Proposed Action ....................................................17
4.4 "Do Nothing„ Alternative .......................................................................17
4.5 Alternative Modes of Transportation ......................................................17
4.5.1 Bus Service .................................................................................17
4.5.2 Carpool / Vanpool / Buspool Programs ......................................17
4.5.3 Regional Rail System ..................................................................17
5.0
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS .................19
5.1 Social Effects ..........................................................................................19
5. 1.1 Land Use .....................................................................................19
5.1.1.1 Existing Land Use .........................................................19
5.1.1.2 Existing Zoning .............................................................20
5.1.1.3 Proposed Land Use ........................................................20
5.1.1.4 Project Compatibility with Local Plans ......................... 20
5.1.2 Community Characteristics .........................................................21
5.1.3 Relocations ..................................................................................21
5.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................................................21
5.1.5 Public Facilities ...........................................................................22
5.1.6 Historic and Cultural Resources .................................................22
5.1.6.1 Architectural / Historical Resources ..............................22
5.1.6.2 Archaeological Resources .............................................23
5.2 Section 4(f) Properties ............................................................................23
5.3 Economic Effects ....................................................................................24
5.4 Environmental Effects ............................................................................24
5.4.1 Biological Resources ..................................................................24
5.4.1.1 Plant Communities ........................................................24
5.4.1.2 Impacts to Plant Communities ......................................28
5.4.1.3 Wildlife ..........................................................................28
5.4.1.4 Impacts to Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife ..................30
5.4.1.5 Rare and Unique Natural Area ......................................31
5.4.1.6 Rare and Protected Species ...........................................31

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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5.4.2 Geology and Soils .......................................................................36
5.4.3 Water Resources .........................................................................38
5.4.3.1 Stream Characteristics ...................................................38
5.4.3.2 Best Usage Classification ..............................................38
5.4.3.3 Water Quality ................................................................40
5.4.3.4 Anticipated Impacts: Water Resources ........................40
5.4.4 Section 404 Jurisdicitonal Areas .................................................40

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5.4.4.1 Wetlands ........................................................................40
5.4.4.2 Streams ..........................................................................41
5.4.5 Permits and Mitigation ................................................................41
5.4.6 Flood Hazard Evaluation ............................................................42
5.4.7 Farmland .....................................................................................42
5.4.8 Highway Traffic Noise / Construction Noise Analysis ..............43
5.4.8.1 Characteristics of Noise ................................................. 43
5.4.8.2 Noise Abatement Criteria .............................................. 44
5.4.8.3 Ambient Noise Levels ................................................... 44
5.4.8.4 Future Traffic Noise Impacts ......................................... 45
5.4.8.5 Noise Abatement Measures ........................................... 45
5.4.8.6 Construction Noise ........................................................47
5.4.8.7 Summary .......................................................................47
5.4.9 Air Quality Analysis ...................................................................47
5.4.9.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards .....................................47
5.4.9.2 Conformity Issues ..........................................................48
5.4.9.3 Emissions Sources .........................................................49
5.4.9.4 Analysis Methodology ..................................................50
5.4.9.5 Predicted Carbon Monoxide Concentrations ................. 50
5.4.9.6 Construction Air Quality ...............................................51
5.4. 10 Hazardous Materials ...................................................................51
5.4.11 Construction Impacts ..................................................................53
6.0 COMMENTS AND COORDINATION .........................................................55
6.1 Comments Received from Federal, State, and Local Agencies ............55
6.2 Citizens Informational Workshop ........................................................... 55
1 7.0 BASIS FOR CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ...............................................57

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Summary of Proposed Widening Improvements ..........................1
Table 2. Major Drainage Structures .......................................................... ..4
Table 3. Levels of Service on NC 55 Segments ....................................... ..6
Table 4. Accident Rate Summary ............................................................. ..8
Table 5. Culvert Extensions ...................................................................... 13
Table 6. Project Costs ............................................................................... 14
Table 7. Comparison of Feasible Alternatives .......................................... 16
Table 8. Population Data for Project Communities .................................. 21
Table 9. Anticipated Impacts to Plant Communities ................................ 28
Table 10. Federally Protected Species ........................................................ 31
Table 11. Federal Species of Concern ......................................................... 36
Table 12. Stream Characteristics ................................................................ 39
Table 13. State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards ...................... 48
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Vicinity Map
Figure 2 A -X Proposed Improvements
Figure 3 A-D Typical Sections
Figure 4 A-B Protected Traffic Data
Figure 5 A-B Levels of Service in 2003 with Existing Intersection
Configurations
Figure 6 A-B Levels of Service in 2023 with Existing Intersection
Configurations
Figure 7 A-B Levels of Service for 2003 with the Proposed Improvements
Figure 8 A-B Levels of Service for 2023 with the Proposed Improvements
Figure 9 Thoroughfare Plan: Wake County
Figure 10 Thoroughfare Plan: Durham County
Figure 11 Land Uses in the Vicinity of NC 55
Figure 12 Carpenter Historic District
Figure 13 A-E 100-Year Floodplains
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Relocation Report
Appendix B Comments Received from Federal, State, and Local Agencies
Appendix C Citizens Informational Workshop
Appendix D Traffic Noise
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NC 55
From US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road)
Wake and Durham Counties
Federal Aid Project HPSTP-55(12)
State Project 8.1403901
TIP Project R-2906
1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes to widen NC 55 to a
multilane roadway from just north of US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 (Cornwallis
Road) in Durham County, a distance of 13 miles. Table 1 summarizes the proposed
widening improvements.
TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED WIDENING IMPROVEMENTS
SECTION OF NC 55 PROPOSED TYPICAL SECTION METHOD OF WIDENING
From just north of US 64 to just Five-lane curb and gutter facility Symmetrical widening
south of SR 1621 (Green Hope
School Road)
From just south of SR 1621 to just Four-lane divided shoulder facility East side widening
south of SR 3014 (Morrisville with a 20-foot wide raised median
Carpenter Road)
From just south of SR 3014 to just Four-lane divided shoulder facility West side widening
south of SR 1633 (Good Hope with a 20-foot wide raised median
Church Road)
From just south of SR 1633 to Four-lane divided shoulder facility East side widening
SR 2028 (Alexander Drive) with a 20-foot wide raised median
From SR 2028 to SR 1102 (Sedwick Five-lane shoulder facility Symmetrical widening
Road)
From SR 1102 to the existing Five-lane curb and gutter facility Symmetrical widening
multilane section south of NC 54
From Meridian Parkway to just south Five-lane curb and gutter facility* Symmetrical widening
of S R I 182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Rd.)
From SR 1182 to SR 1121 Four-lane divided curb and gutter West side widening
(Cornwallis Road) facility with a 16-foot raised median
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*NOTE: NC 55 is currently a five-lane undivided facility from a point dust south of INC 54 to dust south of Men an ar ay. o
widening is proposed within this segment of NC 55.
Portions of the proposed project lie in the vicinity of Apex, Cary, Durham, and
Research Triangle Park. The project location is shown in Figure 1 and the improvements
are shown in Figure 2.

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The proposed project is included in the 1998-2004 NCDOT Transportation
Improvement Program (TIP) and the draft 2000-2006 TIP. The 1998-2004 TIP includes
$ 700,000 for right of way acquisition, which is scheduled to begin in fiscal year 2003.
Construction of the project is not scheduled in the 1998-2004 TIP.
The draft 2000-2006 TIP includes $ 700,000 for right of way acquisition, which is
scheduled to begin in fiscal year 2002, and $ 51,803,000 for construction, which is
scheduled to begin in fiscal year 2003. Thus, the draft 2000-2006 TIP includes a total
funding of $ 52,503,000 for the proposed project.

Construction and right of way cost estimates for the project were updated during
the planning process. The current right of way cost estimate is $ 2,206,000. Construction
and mitigation are anticipated to, cost $ 47,214,000. The total estimated cost of the '
proposed project is $ 49,420,000.

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2.0 NEED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT
2.1 Project Purpose
NC 55 is the primary route for commuters traveling to the Research Triangle Park
from Durham and western Wake County. NC 55 also serves motorists in the rapidly
developing west Cary / Apex area. In both the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning
Organization and the Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization
thoroughfare plans, NC 55 is classified as a major thoroughfare. In the Statewide
' Functional Classification System, NC 55 is designated as a principal arterial. Current
capacity deficiencies are creating severe traffic congestion problems along the route. The
proposed widening project will increase the traffic carrying capacity of NC 55 and reduce
traffic congestion so the route may adequately serve its functions as a major thoroughfare
and a principal arterial to the Research Triangle Park.
2.2 Existing Conditions
2.2.1 Length of Roadway Section Studied
' Project development and environmental studies were conducted on NC 55 from
US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) less the existing multilane section between NC 54
and I-40, for a total of 12.7 miles of NC 55 (see Figure 1).
2.2.2 Route Classification
NC 55 is classified as an urban principal arterial in the Statewide Functional
1 Classification System. NC 55 is not a part of the National Highway System.
2.2.3 Existing Typical Section
Within the project limits, NC 55 is predominantly a two-lane roadway with a 22
to 24-foot wide travelway. However, a five-lane shoulder facility has been constructed
between NC 54 and Meridian Parkway, and two segments of NC 55 have been widened
by developers.
The developer-widened sections of NC 55 lie between Fantail Lane and Walden
Creek Drive in Apex and between Catlin Road and Brook Arbor Drive in Cary. The
pavement at both of these locations is currently wide enough for a five-lane facility.
However, in both locations, the pavement is striped to provide one through lane in each
' direction, a center left turn lane, and short right-turn lanes.
At some intersections within the two-lane portions of NC 55, left and right turn
lanes have been constructed. However, the majority of intersections along the two-lane
facility have one-lane approaches. Existing intersection configurations are shown in
Figures 5A and 5B.
2.2.4 Existing Right of Way
The existing right of way width on NC 55 within the project limits is 150 feet.
Typically, the existing right of way is symmetrical about the roadway's centerline.

2.2.5 Access Control
Existing NC 55 has no access control except at its interchanges with US 64 and
Interstate 40 (I-40).
2.2.6 Speed Limits
The speed limit on NC 55 within the limits of the project is 55 mph, except
between SR 1102 (Sedwick Road) and Meridian Parkway. Between SR 1102 (Sedwick
Road) and Meridian Parkway, the speed limit on NC 55 is 45 mph.
2.2.7 Bridges and Drainage Structures
Thirteen (13) reinforced concrete box culverts (RCBC) were identified along the
project length in the Preliminai Hydraulics Stud (March, 1999) which is on file at
NCDOT. The culverts range in size from a singe barrel 5-foot wide by 6-foot high
culvert (5X6) to a five-barrel 12X10. The size and location of each of these culverts is
described in Table 2.
TABLE 2. MAJOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
CULVERT LOCATION STREAM CONVEYED SIZE
Just north of the US 64 interchange Beaver Creek Double 8 X 8 RCBC
950 feet south of SR 1610 (Lewey Rd.) Jack Branch Single 5 X 6 RCBC
370 feet south of SR 1610 (Lewey Rd.) White Oak Creek Double 7 X 9 RCBC
620 feet south of Parkscene Lane (1) Tributary to White Oak Creek Single 5 X 7 RCBC
1,350 feet north of SR 1615 (High House) Bachelor Branch Single 5 X 6 RCBC
5,600 feet south of SR 1945 (Alston Ave.) Kit Creek Triple 10 X 11 RCBC
4,000 feet south of SR 1945 (Alston Ave.) Long Branch Single 10 X 8 RCBC
900 feet north of SR 2028 (Alexander Dr.) Tributary to Northeast Creek Single 6 X 5 RCBC
1,330 feet north of SR 2028 (Alexander Dr.) Overflow for Burdens Creek Double 9 X 6 RCBC
1,600 feet north of SR 2028 (Alexander Dr.) Burdens Creek Double 9 X 8 RCBC
240 feet south of Meridian Parkway Northeast Creek Quadruple 10 X 10 RCBC
On MLK Parkway, 950 feet west of NC 55 Tributary to Northeast Creek 5 Barrel 12 X 10 RCBC
On MLK Parkway, 490 feet west of NC 55 Tributary to Northeast Creek Triple 12 X 8 RCBC
No bridges are located on NC 55 between the project limits.
2.2.8 Traffic Data
In 2003, the anticipated construction year, the average daily traffic along the
proposed project is anticipated to vary from 23,400 vehicles per day (between Meridian
Parkway and SR 1182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Road)) to 10,300 vehicles per day (just north
of SR 1615 (High House Road)). In 2023, the design year, the average daily traffic along
the subject section of NC 55 is anticipated to vary from 36,800 vehicles per day (between
Meridian Parkway and SR 1182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Road)) to 20,800 vehicles per day
(just north of SR 1615 (High House Road)). Projected traffic volumes for the years 2003
and 2023 are shown in Figures 4A and 4B. Truck percentages, directional distribution,
and the design hour factor for each segment of NC 55 are also shown.
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2.2.9 Horizontal and Vertical Curvature
NC 55 traverses rolling terrain. All horizontal and vertical curves along the
project length meet the NCDOT design standards for the 50 mph design speed
2.2.10 Intersecting Roadways
All intersections along NC 55 are at-grade, except for the interchanges at US 64,
the proposed outer loop (I-540), and I-40.
The intersections of NC 55 with SR 1611 (Old Jenks Road), SR 1615 (High
House Road), SR 2028 (Alexander Drive), SR 1102 (Sedwick Road), Meridian Parkway,
SR 1182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Road), and SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) are signalized. The
remaining intersections along NC 55 are stop sign controlled.
Existing lane configurations of intersections along the project are shown in
Figures 5A and 5B.
2.2.11 Degree of Roadside Interference
The southern portion of the project lies within a developing urban area. Several
roads and driveways leading to new subdivisions and commercial developments intersect
NC 55. Thus, between US 64 and SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road), the degree of
roadside interference is high.
The central portion of the project is more rural. In addition, the presence of the
CSX Railroad on NC 55's east side in several locations limits the number of roads and
driveways accessing NC 55. The degree of roadside interference between SR 1621
(Green Hope School Road) and the existing multilane section of NC 55 that begins south
of NC 54 is low.
The northern portion of the project cannot be classified as rural, but has fewer
intersecting roads and driveways than the southern segment. Near Meridian Parkway and
SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), there is a high degree of roadside interference. The segment
of roadway between these intersections, however, has a low degree of interference.
2.2.12 Railroad Crossings
Within the project limits, NC 55 does not cross any railroads. However, the
Durham and Southern Railway runs parallel to NC 55 on the east. The railroad is owned
and operated by CSX.
2.2.13 School Bus Data
School bus travel along NC 55 in Wake County consists of 32 buses in the
morning and 34 buses in the afternoon. School bus travel in Durham County consists of
26 buses traveling in the morning and afternoon.
2.2.14 Airports
Cox Airport, a small, private airfield, is located 650 feet north of US 64 and
approximately 0.7 mile east of NC 55.

2.2.15 Geodetic Markers
Thirty-two geodetic markers are located in the vicinity of the proposed project.
North Carolina Geodetic Survey will be contacted prior to project construction at the
following address:
N.C. Geodetic Survey
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
[phone]
2.3 Capacity Analysis
The traffic carrying capacity of a roadway is described with a level of service
rating, a qualitative measure of the roadway's operational conditions and how these
conditions are perceived by motorists. Level of service (LOS) is determined using
conditions such as speed, travel time, freedom to maneuver, traffic interruptions,
convenience, delay, and safety. Six levels of service are defined and are assigned letter
designations from A to F. Level of service A represents the best operating conditions,
and level of service F represents the worst operating conditions.
Using the traffic data described in Section 2.2.8 and included in Figures 4A and
4B, capacity analyses for the years 2003 and 2023 were performed for NC 55. These
capacity analyses were done using both the existing and proposed lane configurations.
2.3.1 Segment Analysis
Mainline capacity analyses were performed for NC 55. The results of these
analyses are summarized in Table 3.
TABLE 3. LEVELS OF SERVICE ON NC 55 SEGMENTS
SEGMENT EXISTING CONDITIONS WITH PROPOSED
IMPROVEMENTS
2003 2023 2003 2023
US 64 TO SR 1615 (HIGH E F A B
HOUSE RD.)
HIGH HOUSE RD. TO E F A B
SR 1621 (GREEN HOPE
SCHOOL ROAD)
GREEN HOPE SCHOOL RD. E F B C
TO SR 1102 (SEDWICK RD.)
SEDWICK RD. TO NC 54 E F B D
MERIDIAN PARKWAY TO E F B C
SR 1121 (CORNWALLIS RD.)
These analyses indicate that the proposed project will improve the level of service
on NC 55. NC 55 is expected to operate with an unacceptable LOS E in the year 2003
and further deteriorate to LOS F by the design year 2023 if the proposed improvements
are not made. With the proposed improvements, the facility will operate between levels
of service B and D in the design year. Please note that the levels of service presented
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below depend on a segment analysis and do not take into consideration intersections,
which are analyzed in the following section.
2.3.2 Signalized Intersection Analyses
Capacity analyses were also performed for the major intersections along the
project. The results of these analyses are summarized in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Figure 8 shows that the traffic signals at SR 1611 (Old Jenks Road), SR 1615
(High House Road), and SR 2028 (Alexander Drive) will operate adequately in the design
year with the intersection configurations presented (LOS C, D, and D, respectively). At
SR 1102 (Sedwick Road), SR 1182 (Carpenter Fletcher Road), and SR 1121 (Cornwallis
Road), capacity deficiencies exist on the roads that intersect NC 55, but NC 55's
approaches to these intersections are anticipated to operate adequately. At Sedwick
Road, NC 55's approaches will operate at LOS D, but, the Sedwick Road approaches will
operate at LOS F in the morning peak hour. At Carpenter Fletcher Road, the NC 55
through movements operate at LOS D while the Carpenter Fletcher Road approaches to
NC 55 operate at LOS F. At Cornwallis Road, NC 55's through movements will operate
at LOS D while Cornwallis Road through movements will operate at LOS F. Additional
through lanes would have to be constructed on Sedwick, Carpenter Fletcher and
Cornwallis Roads to improve the overall levels of service of these intersections. The
construction of additional through lanes on Sedwick, Carpenter Fletcher, and Cornwallis
Roads is beyond the scope of the proposed project.
2.3.3 Unsignalized Intersections Analyses
Capacity analyses were conducted at unsignalized intersections along the project
with proposed improvements. Proposed improvements at unsignalized intersections
include mainline left turn lanes and additional through lanes on NC 55. These levels of
service are shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Unsignalized intersections were also evaluated to determine whether or not they
met a peak hour warrant for a traffic signal (Warrant No. 11). By 2023, it is anticipated
that NC 55's intersections with the eastbound and westbound US 64 ramp terminals,
SR 1624 (Carpenter-Fire Station Road), SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road), the
entrance to the proposed Cary Glenn subdivision, SR 1945 (South Alston Avenue), and
Martin Luther King, Jr. Parkway will satisfy peak hour warrants. This data is based on
projected 2023 traffic; however, traffic signals should be considered once actual traffic
volumes occur and all appropriate warrants are met.
2.4 Accident Analysis
An accident study for NC 55 was conducted by the Accident Studies Section of
the Traffic Engineering Branch of the North Carolina Department of Transportation for
the time period from July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1998. A summary of the accident rates (in
number of accidents per 100 million vehicle miles) is presented in Table 4. The existing
facility is primarily a two-lane roadway. Table 4 also presents the average statewide
accident rates for rural and urban two-lane North Carolina routes.

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TABLE 4. ACCIDENT RATE SUMMARY
Accident Rate Rate Along NC 55 between US 64 and the Durham Co. Line Average Statewide Rates -1996
Type (ACC/100MVM)* Two-lane rural
NC routes
ACC/100 * Two-lane urban
NC routes
ACC/100MVM *
Total 308.72 224.39 308.67
Fatal 0.95 2.71 0.89
Non-fatal injury 112.39 102.70 134.69
Wet 78.25 46.45 64.12
Night 71.13 74.85 62.67
ACC/100MVM = Accidents per 100 million vehicle miles
A total of 651 accidents were reported on NC 55 between US 64 and SR 1121
(Cornwallis Road) during the study period. Two of these accidents were fatal. The total
accident rate on this section of NC 55 (308.72 ACC / 100MVM) is slightly higher than
the statewide average accident rates for rural two-lane North Carolina routes. Neither
NC 55's fatal, non-fatal injury, nor night accident rates are significantly higher than their
respective statewide averages. NC 55's accident rate during wet conditions is higher than
the statewide rate for those conditions.
Accidents involving rearend collisions with slowing, turning, or stopped vehicles
accounted for 41.3 percent of the accidents on NC 55. Just over fourteen percent
(14.75 %) of the accidents were angle collisions. Accidents involving left-turning
vehicles turning from cross-streets onto NC 55 and traffic turning left off of NC 55
accounted for 8.8 % and 8.3 % of the accidents, respectively. Just over eight percent
(8.3 %) of the accidents on NC 55 resulted from vehicles running off of the road.
Forty-six (7 %) accidents resulted from cars striking animals. Twenty-four (3.7 %)
sideswipe accidents and six head-on accidents were reported along this section of NC 55.
The increases in capacity that will result from the proposed improvements will
reduce the queuing of traffic. Also, the proposed continuous left turn lane in the 5-lane
sections, the left turn lanes at median openings in the four-lane divided sections, and
additional right turn lanes throughout the project should remove slower turning traffic
from the path of through traffic. These improvements should enhance safety along the
project.
2.5 Project Termini
The southern terminal of the proposed project is just north of NC 55's interchange
with US 64. The westbound US 64 ramp terminal will be reconfigured as a part of the
project, but the existing structure and the remainder of the interchange will not be
modified. The bridge at the interchange has a clear roadway width of 68 feet and carries
a northbound right turn lane, a northbound through lane, a southbound through lane, and
a southbound left turn lane.
The northern terminal of the proposed project is NC 55's intersection with
SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) in Durham County. Just north of Cornwallis Road, existing
NC 55 is a four-lane divided facility with a 30-foot median and 12-foot grassed
shoulders.
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1 2.6 Thoroughfare Plan
NC 55 is shown on the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
(CAMPO) and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization
(DCHC) thoroughfare plans as a major thoroughfare. The CAMPO and DCHC
thoroughfare plans were adopted by the North Carolina Board of Transportation on
August 14, 1992 and January 10, 1992, respectively. Portions of the thoroughfare plans
are attached as Figures 9 and 10.
' 2.7 Benefits to the State, Region, and Community
The proposed improvements to NC 55 will benefit the region and local
' community by providing safer and more efficient travel in southeastern Durham County
and western Wake County. The increased traffic carrying capacity of the facility will
provide a better level of service to commuters and local travelers. The project will
enhance access to homes, businesses, and will provide improved access to Research
' Triangle Park.
2.8 Other Proposed Transportation Improvements in the Area
Several other transportation improvements in the vicinity of the proposed project
are listed in the draft 2000-2006 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). Brief
descriptions of these projects are listed below.
• U-2927: TIP Project U-2927 will provide a computerized traffic signal with
camera surveillance in Durham. The system will replace the controllers at
existing signals along NC 55 between SR 2028 (Alexander Drive) and
SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road). The project is currently underway.
• U-3309: TIP Project U-3309 will widen SR 2028 (Alexander Drive) to a
ola e divided facility between SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) and SR 1959
(Miami Boulevard). The project is scheduled for right of way acquisition in
fiscal year 2006. Construction of the project is not scheduled in the draft
2000-2006 TIP.
• I-3306: TIP Project I-3306 will widen I-40 between I-85 in Orange County to
NC 147 in Durham County. In the draft 2000-2006 Transportation
Improvement Program, TIP Project I-3306 is scheduled for construction in
fiscal year 2002.
• R-2635: TIP Project R-2635 is known as the Western Wake Freeway. The
project will construct a freeway on new location. Right of way acquisition
and construction for this project are not scheduled in the draft 2000-2006 TIP.
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• R-2000AA: TIP Project R-2000AA will construct the portion of the Northern
Wake Expressway that ties into NC 55. TIP Project R-2000AA is scheduled
for right of way acquisition and construction in fiscal years 2000 and 2004,
respectively. The Northern Wake Expressway will be a freeway that will loop
from NC 55 to US 64 in Knightdale.
• R-2541: TIP Project R-2541 will construct a two-lane facility on multilane
n 1 of way to bypass Holly Springs. Upon completion, the bypass will be
designated as NC 55. In the draft 2000-2006 Transportation Improvement
Program, TIP Project R-2541 is scheduled for construction in fiscal year 2000.

• R-3834A: TIP Project R-3834A will relocate SR 1919 (Kit Creek Road) so
that it will intersect NC 55 approximately 3,700 feet south of its existing
intersection. The roadway will be a two-lane facility on a 150-foot wide right ,
of way. Construction of the road is anticipated to begin in fiscal year 2000.
The roadway is shown in Figure 2.
• R-2907: TIP Project R-2907 will widen NC 55 to a five-lane curb and gutter '
acciTity from SR 1108 in Fuquay-Varina to the proposed Holly Springs Bypass
(R-2541). Construction is anticipated to begin in fiscal year 2001.
• R-2905: TIP Project R-2905 will widen NC 55 from SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road)
to no ffi of SR 1158 (Hughes Street) in Wake County. The roadway will be
widened to five lanes and will include the widening of Bridge Number 71 over
US 1. Construction is scheduled to begin in fiscal year 2001.
• Rail Corridor: The CSX Railroad that parallels NC 55 is an alternative route
or a g speed rail corridor. However, the project is in early planning phases '
and a route has not been selected.
• Z-3605D: TIP Project Z-3605D will install gates and signals at SR 3014's
(Morrisville-Carpenter Road) crossing of the railroad. Construction has not
been authorized.
• R-3851: TIP Project R-3851 is currently under construction. The project will '
construct left turn lanes from SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road) onto
NC 55.
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3.0 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS
' 3.1 General Description
The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes to widen NC 55 to a
multilane roadway from just north of US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 (Cornwallis
Road) in Durham County, a distance of approximately 13 miles. Table 1 summarizes the
proposed widening improvements.
Portions of the proposed project lie in the vicinity of Apex, Cary, Durham, and
Research Triangle Park. The project location is shown in Figure 1 and the improvements
are shown in Figure 2.
3.2 Length of the Proposed Project
NC 55 will be widened to a multilane facility from US 64 in Wake County to
SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) in Durham County. A portion of NC 55 between NC 54 and
I-40 has already been widened to multilanes. No improvements are included in this
widening project for that portion of NC 55 (see Figure 2). The length of NC 55 that will
be widened is 12.7 miles.
3.3 Proposed Typical Sections
Four typical sections will be used to widen the roadway. Table 1 (in Section 1.0)
describes where each typical section will be used. The table also outlines the method of
widening to be used (either symmetrical, east-side, or west-side widening). Each typical
' section incorporates limited accommodations for bicyclists. Descriptions of the typical
sections are provided below.
• The five-lane curb and gutter typical section will measure 64 feet between its curb
faces. The typical section will provide a 12-foot wide center two way left turn
lane, two 11-foot interior through lanes, and two 13-foot outside through lanes.
The additional width of the outside through lanes will help to better accommodate
' bicyclists using the roadway. Behind the curbs, 8-foot berms will be provided.
The five-lane curb and gutter typical section is shown in Figure 3A.

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• The four-lane shoulder typical section will provide two 12-foot through lanes in
each direction, a 20-foot wide raised median, and 4-foot paved shoulders.
Bicyclists using NC 55 will be able to utilize the paved shoulders through this
typical section. This typical section is shown in Figure 3B.
• The five-lane shoulder typical section will provide two 12-foot through lanes in
each direction, a 12-foot wide center two way left turn lane, and 4-foot paved
shoulders. Bicyclists using NC 55 will be able to use the paved shoulders
provided by this typical section. This typical section is shown in Figure 3C.
• The four-lane curb and gutter typical section will measure 72 feet between its curb
faces. The typical section will provide two 12-foot wide interior through lanes,
two 14-foot wide outside through lanes, and a 16-foot wide raised median. The
additional width of the outside through lanes will help to better accommodate
bicyclists using the roadway. This typical section is shown in Figure 3D.
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3.4 Design Speed
The proposed design speed for the project is 50 mph.
3.5 Right of Way
The proposed project will require the acquisition of both easements and right of
way. The extent of the right of way and easements required are shown in Figure 2. The
project will not require the relocation of any homes or businesses.
3.6 Access Control
Except at its interchanges with US 64 and I-40, and the proposed outer loop
(I-540), NC 55 has no access control. No changes in access control are proposed as a part
of the project.
3.7 Intersection / Side Street Improvements
Proposed intersection configurations are shown in Figures 7A and B. Significant
improvements to intersecting roads occur in only two locations: SR 1611 (Old Jenks
Road) and Martin Luther King, Jr. Parkway.
At SR 1611 (Old Jenks Road), SR 1612 (Holt Road) will be realigned to intersect
Old Jenks Road approximately 230 feet east of NC 55 (see Figure 2B). The realignment
is being done to maximize the distance between the two intersections.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation will widen the existing
two-lane portion of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Parkway to multilanes, provided the City
of Durham agrees to fund its design, right of way acquisition, construction, and
mitigation. Approximately 2,500 feet of the roadway will be widened to a four-lane
roadway with a raised median (see Figure 2X).
3.8 Intelligent Transportation System Improvements
Several Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) improvements are proposed. The
incorporation of ITS improvements with other planned ITS corridors in the area (I-40 and
I-540) will greatly benefit the region by providing traffic information to motorists and
helping NCDOT and local authorities to react quickly and appropriately to various traffic
incidents. As a part of the project, two dynamic message signs, six surveillance cameras,
seven detection units, and the associated conduit, fiber optics, and junction boxes will be
installed. Including the engineering required to develop them, the ITS improvements are
anticipated to cost $ 5,400,000.
3.9 Bridges and Drainage Structures
Several culverts will have to be extended to facilitate the widening of NC 55.
Table 5 lists these extensions.
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TABLE 5. CULVERT EXTENSIONS
CULVERT LOCATION STREAM
CONVEYED EXISTING SIZE PROPOSED
TREATMENT
Just north of the US 64 interchange Beaver Creek Double 8 X 8 RCBC No Change
950 feet south of SR 1610 (Lewey Rd.) Jack Branch Single 5 X 6 RCBC Extend with same size
370 feet south of SR 1610 (Lewey Rd.) White Oak Creek Double 7 X 9 RCBC Extend with same size
620 feet south of Parkscene Lane (1) Tributary to White Oak
Creek Single 5 X 7 RCBC Extend with same size
1,350 feet north of SR 1615 (High House) Bachelor Branch Single 5 X 6 RCBC Extend with same size
5,600 feet south of SR 1945 (Alston Ave.) Kit Creek Triple 10 X I 1 RCBC Extend with same size
4,000 feet south of SR 1945 (Alston Ave.) Long Branch Single 10 X 8 RCBC Extend with same size
900 feet north of SR 2028 (Alexander Dr.) Tributary to Northeast
Creek Single 6 X 5 RCBC Extend with same size and use side-
tapered inlet
1,330 feet north of SR 2028 (Alexander Dr.) Overflow for Burdens Creek Double 9 X 6.17 RCBC Extend with same size
1,600 feet north of SR 2028 (Alexander Dr.) Burdens Creek Double 9 X 8 RCBC Extend with same size
240 feet south of Meridian Parkway Northeast Creek Quadruple 10 X 10
RCBC Extend with same size
On MLK Parkway, 950 feet west of NC 55 Tributary to Northeast
Creek 5 Barrel 12 X 10 RCBC Extend with same size
On MILK Parkway, 490 feet west of NC 55 Tributary to Northeast
Creek Triple 12 X 8 RCBC Extend with same size
Note: RCBC - reinforced concrete box culvert
3.10 Permits Required
The project is anticipated to be constructed under a Corps of Engineers'
Individual Section 404 Permit. Mitigation for wetland and stream impacts will be
obtained through the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources'
Wetland Restoration Program (see Section 5.4.5).
A North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) Section 401 Water Quality
General Certification is also required. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that
the state issue or deny water certification for any federally permitted or licensed activity
' that may result in a discharge into Waters of the United States. The issuance of a
401 permit from DWQ is a prerequisite to issuance of Section 404 Permit.
3.11 Bicycle Accommodations
The proposed typical sections will provide either 4-foot paved shoulders, 14-foot
outside through lanes, or 13-foot outside through lanes to help accommodate bicyclists.
' The proposed typical sections are described in Section 3.3.
3.12 Sidewalks
The Town of Apex, Town of Cary, and City of Durham are interested in
participating in the funding of new sidewalks along the project. The location of the
sidewalks are anticipated to be designated during the final design phase of the project.
According to NCDOT's Pedestrian Policy Guidelines, based on their populations, Apex,
Cary, and Durham must pay for 20 %, 40 %, and 50 % of the construction costs of the
new sidewalks within their municipal limits, respectively. NCDOT participation is
limited to a maximum of 2 % of the construction cost of the project. NCDOT will
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replace existing sidewalks disturbed during project construction and participate in the
funding of any new sidewalks.
3.13 Street Lighting
Municipalities along the project expressed an interest in the installation of street
lighting along NC 55 as a part of the subject project. The North Carolina Department of
Transportation's policies do not normally include participation in the cost of lights along
facilities like NC 55. Interested municipalities would be responsible for the cost of
installing street lighting. In addition, they would be responsible for maintaining street
lighting and energy costs. Interested municipalities should make a formal request to the
utility company for street lighting. The utility company should then submit lighting plans
and an encroachment application for approval by the Right of Way Branch of the North
Carolina Department of Transportation.
3.14 Noise Barriers
No noise barriers are proposed for this project (see Section 5.4.8).
3.15 Degree of Utility Conflicts
The widening of NC 55 is anticipated to have a high impact on utilities. Both
aerial and underground utilities are located along the project. Utilities along the project
include power lines, fiber optic communication lines, gas and water lines, and sanitary
sewer.
3.16 Cost Estimates
Current right of way and construction cost estimates are presented in Table 6.
The right of way and construction cost estimates are presented in three segments.
Segment A includes improvements between US 64 and SR 3014 (Morrisville-Carpenter
Road); Segment B includes improvements between SR 3014 and the Wake / Durham
County Line; and Segment C includes improvements between the county line and
SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road). The additional costs associated with Intelligent
Transportation Systems improvements and stream and wetland mitigation are also shown
in Table 6.
TABLE 6. PROJECT COSTS (1999 Dollars)
SEGMENT A SEGMENT B SEGMENT C TOTAL
CONSTRUCTION $ 15,300,000 $ 11,700,000 $ 14,600,000 $ 41,600,000
RIGHT OF WAY $ 753,000 $ 640,000 $ 813,000 $ 2,206,000
SUBTOTAL $ 16,053,000 S 12,340,000 $ 15,413,000 $ 43,806,000
US Il4PROVEMENTS $ 5,400,000
STREAM MITIGATION $ 200,000
WETLAND
MITIGATION $14,000
GRAND TOTAL $ 49,420,000
Please note that sidewalk costs have not been incorporated into this estimate.
Prior to drafting municipal agreements for the cost-sharing of sidewalk construction, their
cost will be estimated.
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3.17 Bus System Accommodations
Provision of bus turn-outs will be investigated during the final design of the
project. The Triangle Transit Authority has provided a list of potential stops on a planned
route along NC 55. Their February 22, 1999 letter is included in Appendix B on page
' B-8.
3.18 Anticipated Design Exceptions
No design exceptions are anticipated as a part of the project. If, during the final
design process, any design exceptions are determined to be necessary, they will be
addressed in accordance with the FHWA-NCDOT Design Exception Policy.
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4.0 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION
4.1 Recommended Improvements
The recommended improvements, described in detail in Section 3.0 of this
document, are to widen NC 55 to a multilane facility using a combination of symmetrical,
east-side, and west-side widening. A combination of five-lane, four-lane divided, curb
and gutter, and shoulder typical sections will be used. These typical sections are
described in Section 3.3. Table 1 in Section 1.0 summarizes the proposed widening
improvements. In addition, it is recommended that Intelligent Transportation System
improvements be incorporated into the project.
4.2 Design Alternatives
Initially, four design alternatives were studied: symmetrical widening, east-side
widening, west-side widening, and a combination of east-side, west-side, and
symmetrical widening.
Both symmetrical widening and east-side widening were eliminated from
consideration. Symmetrical widening was not considered feasible because, in areas
where four-lane divided sections are proposed, it would require the removal of the
existing pavement. Symmetrical widening would also make traffic control during project
construction extremely difficult due to the necessary lane shifts and volume of traffic.
The pavement removal and total reconstruction of the roadway and the traffic control
issues make symmetrical widening cost prohibitive. East-side widening was not
considered feasible because, in several locations, NC 55 cannot be widened on its east
side due to the close proximity of the CSX Railroad.
The two feasible widening alternatives, west-side widening and the combination
widening, are compared in Table 7.
The combination of symmetrical, east-side, and west-side widening has no
relocatees and cumulatively minimizes the filling of jurisdictional wetlands and the
number of properties impacted. In addition, 1,100 feet of the combination alternative's
stream impacts (a longitudinal impact to an already channelized portion of Long Branch)
can be mitigated by relocating the stream using a natural channel design (Rosgen
methodology). This natural relocation of the stream will reduce the combination
alternative's jurisdictional stream impacts to 801 feet. After comparing the alternatives,
the combination alternative was selected due to fewer impacts to wetlands, relocatees,
and streams.
TABLE 7. COMPARISON OF FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVE WEST-SIDE WIDENING COMBINATION WIDENING
(SELECTED)
WedandImpacts -Forested (acres) 0.92 0.58
Jurisdictional Stream Impacts (linear feet) 711 1,901•
Total Stream Impacts (linear feet) 1,785 2,767•
Number of Relocatees 3 0
• Note: These impacts include an 1,100-foot longitudinal impact to Long Branch that can be mitigated through the relocation of the
stream using a natural channel design (Rosgen methodology). This reduces the impacts to jurisdictional streams to 801 feet
and the impacts to all streams to 1667 feet.
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4.3 Postponement of the Proposed Action
Postponement of the proposed project would result in a continuing deterioration
of traffic conditions and safety along NC 55. The current traffic carrying capacity of the
existing roadway is already inadequate; the facility currently operates at a poor LOS E.
Postponing the project would only intensify the traffic problems in the area. Therefore,
postponement of the proposed action is not considered reasonable.
4.4 "Do Nothing" Alternative
Although this alternative would avoid the limited environmental impacts that are
anticipated to result from the project, there would be no positive effect on the traffic
capacity and safety of the highway. Therefore, this alternative is not considered
reasonable.
4.5 Alternative Modes of Transportation
The proposed project incorporates bicycle and pedestrian accommodations. Other
alternative modes of transportation in the area are discussed below.
4.5.1 Bus Service
The Triangle Transit Authority (TTA) operates a bus system for the area.
Currently, there are no routes along NC 55. A route planned to begin in late 1999 will
travel NC 55 from Salem Street in Apex (south of US 64) to Hobson Drive in RTP.
The Durham Area Transit Authority (DATA) operates a bus system for the
Durham area. Currently, there is one route that travels along NC 55. DATA Bus Route
12 travels from downtown Durham to the Research Triangle Park. The route uses NC 55
between SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) and NC 54. Bus service along the route is provided
at approximate hourly intervals.
4.5.2 Carpool / Vanpool / Buspool Programs
The Triangle Transit Authority (TTA) operates a computer-aided carpool,
vanpool, and buspool service for Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill, and surrounding areas.
The vanpool service includes a route from Fayetteville to RTP. The van travels NC 55
from US 64 to NC 54, then to RTP. The buspool includes a route along NC 55 from
US 64 to SR 2028 (Alexander Drive). Both the vanpool and buspool travel their routes
once in the morning and once in the afternoon.
4.5.3 Regional Rail System
The Triangle Transit Authority (TTA) is in the planning stages of a Regional Rail
System for the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area. Phase 1 includes plans to connect Cary
to Durham, possibly paralleling NC 55 to the east. Rail station locations and the exact
route have not been chosen. The regional rail service will not be operational until at least
the year 2005.
Increased use of the alternative modes of transportation discussed above may help
reduce the number of vehicles using NC 55. However, it is not anticipated that traffic
volumes would be reduced to the point that the existing roadway operates adequately.
Because of the suburban nature of the area and the widespread distribution of trip origins
and destinations, the automobile is anticipated to remain the mode of choice along the
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corridor. It is not considered feasible to rely exclusively on the above alternative modes
of transportation to relieve the existing and anticipated traffic congestion on NC 55.
Widening the existing roadway is the most cost-effective relief for this segment of
NC 55.

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5.0 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
5.1 Social Effects
5.1.1 Land Use Plans
Portions of the proposed project are located within the municipal limits of the
Town of Cary, the Town of Apex, the City of Durham, and within Wake and Durham
Counties.
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Apex has an act
ve p
ann
ng program. An excerpt
rom t
e
r
an
use p
an
s
attached as Figure 11 A.
The Town of Cary also has an active planning program; the 1989 Comprehensive
Growth Plan serves as the town's primary policy guidance document on land use an
c-? opment. The town also enforces zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations.
Land uses in Cary and Wake County are shown in Figure 11B.
The City of Durham and Durham County Planning Department produced the
Durham 2020 Comprehensive Plan for future growth and development in the city and
county. This comprehensive p a is comprised of several smaller plans. The Triangle
Townshi Plan and the South Durham Plan provide details for the project area and are
' me u e asFigures 11 C an11 D.
5.1.1.1 Existing Land Use
NC 55 serves as an important arterial, connecting the communities along its north-
south route. The area is characterized by wooded land with mixed residential,
commercial, business and industrial developments. Large wooded areas with growing
residential and commercial developments characterize the NC 55 corridor through Apex,
Cary, and Wake and Durham Counties. The route within the City of Durham is more
heavily developed with higher concentrations of commercial land use, particularly around
the NC 54 intersection and I-40 interchange. Land uses along the proposed project are
shown in Figures 11 A through 11 D.
At the project's southern terminal at US 64, existing land use within the City of
Apex is mixed residential and commercial. This land use continues past SR 1611 (Old
Jenks Road) north for approximately three miles to SR 1615 (High House Road). There
is also some vacant land, a park and a greenway area bounding new residential
' development just south of SR 1615 (High House and Green Level Roads).
The land use adjacent to NC 55 north of SR 1615 (High House and Green Level
Roads) is mixed residential, vacant land, and some forest and farmland areas. There is a
small industrial tract to the south of SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road). The Green
Hope High School located just north of SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road) is currently
under construction and scheduled to open in the fall of 1999.
North of SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road) the NC 55 corridor is mostly
forested with a small industrial parcel between NC 55 and the Durham and Southern
Railroad. A small commercial development is located at the intersection with SR 1624
' (Carpenter Firestation Road). From this intersection north to the Durham County line,
the adjacent land use is mostly farmland and forest with some residential and industrial
areas. Research Triangle Park land is to the east of NC 55, south of the county line.
19
North from the county line, the NC 55 corridor is primarily wooded with the
exception of the wastewater treatment plant across from SR 2028 (Alexander Drive). The
area becomes mixed commercial, residential and wooded near the Durham City Limits at
SR 1102 (Sedwick Drive). The intersection at Sedwick Drive is a commercial
development area.
The NC 55 corridor near NC 54 and south of I-40 contains sizeable tracts of
consumer commercial activity including; several shopping centers with grocery stores,
pharmacies, clothing stores, restaurants, physical fitness centers, medical offices,
automobile repair centers, dry cleaners and gasoline stations.
North of I-40 to the project's northern terminal at SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), the
land is mixed wooded, residential and commercial with gasoline stations, hotels, and
shopping centers.
5.1.1.2 Existing Zoning
The existing zoning for the project area is consistent with the existing and planned
land use. Apex, Cary, and Durham all enforce zoning ordinances along the project
corridor. The majority of the land adjacent to NC 55 is zoned residential. The exceptions
are the parcels in the immediate vicinities of US 64, NC 54, I-40, and Meridian Parkway
which are zoned commercial. Just north of SR 1624 (Carpenter-Fire Station Road), there
is a tract zoned as a Planned Urban Development (Cary Glenn) by the Town of Cary.
5.1.1.3 Proposed Land Use
Land use along the NC 55 corridor from US 64 north to SR 1615 (High House
and Green Level Roads) is not anticipated to change with the exception of additional
commercial development at the intersection of High House and Green Level Roads
(according to Cary's 1989 Comprehensive Growth Plan). North towards SR 1624
(Carpenter Firestation Road), the land use is planned to change from mostly wooded to
residential with an expanded industrial strip between NC 55 and the Durham and
Southern Railroad.
North of Carpenter Firestation Road, the planned land use is for office park and
industrial development with some residential. The existing land use consists of currently
wooded and vacant lands. Larger office and institutional areas are shown just south of
the Wake - Durham County line (see Figure 11 B).
Future land use along NC 55 in southern Durham County north to I-40 is planned
as industrial, business park and mixed use with increasing commercial development from
Sedwick Drive to I-40.
The South Durham Plan shows the area north of I-40 to Cornwallis Drive as
mostly industrial development, with some office/research, and commercial uses.
The Durham Small Area Plans also show a proposed thoroughfare to connect
Scott King Road in southern Durham with Hopson Road which would intersect NC 55
(see Figure 10).
5.1.1.4 Project Compatibility with Local Plans
The widening of NC 55 will alleviate traffic congestion in the area. No existing
or planned parks will be affected by the proposed improvements to NC 55. Four planned
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greenways in the Town of Cary are anticipated to cross NC 55 (see Figure 11B).
However, at this time, the exact locations of these greenways have not been determined.
The project will widen a congested route that is not currently serving its purpose as a
principal arterial. In addition, the project will alleviate traffic congestion in an area
municipalities anticipate continued growth. The proposed project is consistent with area
and local land use plans.
5.1.2 Community Characteristics
The proposed project, which is located in Wake and Durham Counties, begins in
Apex, passes through Cary, and ends within the city limits of Durham. The entire
corridor has experienced rapid growth in the last few years, especially Apex and Cary.
Population data for Wake County, Durham County, Apex, Cary, and Durham is presented
in Table 8.
TABLE 8. POPULATION DATA FOR PROJECT COMMUNITIES
COMMUNITY POPULATION (persons) PERCENT CHANGE
1990 1996
Wake County 423,380 513,639 21.3%
Durham County 181,835 195,261 7.4%
Town of Apex 4,968 7,920 59.4%
Town of Cary 43,858 79,600 81.5%
City of Durham 136,594 148,129 8.4%
Note: 1990 data is from the U.S. Census. 1996 data was obtained from projections done by Janice LDemmy, Wake
County Planning Department
In Apex and Cary, the majority of growth has been residential. Many residential
developments, such as The Meadows, Beaver Creek Apartments, Cameron Woods,
Chesney Glen, Westpark, Fieldstone, and Brook Arbor, line NC 55 between US 64 and
SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road). In Durham, commercial development dominates
the region between SR 1102 (Sedwick Road) and Meridian Parkway. North of Meridian
Parkway, the majority of the area is either within floodplains or used for industry. One
development, Penrith, is located near the project's northern terminal. The proposed
project is not anticipated to adversely affect any communities in the area. In fact, it is
anticipated the project will enhance access to the neighborhoods and communities along
the corridor.
5.1.3 Relocatees
No residences or businesses are anticipated to be relocated as a result of the
proposed project.
5.1.4 Environmental Justice
' The proposed improvements to NC 55 will not specifically benefit, harm or
disproportionately impact any social group, including the elderly, handicapped, non-
drivers, minority, or ethnic.
In accordance with Executive Order 12898 (Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations) and the
Department of Transportation Order on Environmental Justice (DOT Order 5610.2) dated
21

April 15, 1997, a review was conducted to determine whether minority or low income
populations were receiving disproportionately high and adverse human health or
environmental impacts as a result of this project. The investigation found the project
would not disproportionately impact any minority or low income populations. There are
no minorities, elderly or disabled persons who would be relocated as a result of this
project. In fact, there are no relocations expected with this project at all. Therefore, it
was determined this project is in compliance with Executive Order 12898 and Title VI of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related statutes.
5.1.5 Public Facilities
Public facilities located adjacent to the proposed project include: Primrose Day
School (south of Green Level Road), Green Hope High School (north of Green Hope
School Road), a fire station (at the intersection with Carpenter Firestation Road), and
Durham City Waste Water Treatment Plant (across from Alexander Drive), see Figure 2.
Four planned greenways are anticipated to cross NC 55 in the future. These future
greenways are shown in Figure 11B. The exact locations of these greenways have not
been determined.
The proposed project is not anticipated to have any adverse effects on these or
other public facilities located in the area.
5.1.6 Historic and Cultural Resources
5.1.6.1 Architectural/Historical Resources
The proposed project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and Section 4(f) of the Department of
Transportation Act of 1966, as amended. A survey of the project area for architectural
and historical resources was conducted, and the results were compiled to document
compliance with these laws.
The survey for architectural and historical resources was conducted in accordance
with the requirements of FHWA Technical Advisory T 6640.8A; the Secretary of
Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeological and Historic Preservation; 36 CFR
Part 800; 36 CFR Part 60; Phase II Survey Procedures for Historic Architectural
Resources (NCDOT June 15, 1994), and expanded requirements for architectural survey
reports developed by NCDOT and the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
(February 1996).
Prior to the field survey, research was done to trace the historical and architectural
development of the project area. The survey files of the North Carolina Division of
Archives and History were examined to identify properties in the National Register of
Historic Places and the National Register Study List. Currently, no properties within the
project's Area of Potential Effect are listed in the National Register or are on the Study
List. However, the Carpenter Historic District was determined to be eligible for the
National Register of Historic Places in 1998 during a Phase II survey conducted for the
proposed construction of a cellular tower (State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
Project No. ER-99-7128). Additional research included a review of the comprehensive
historic resources survey of Wake County completed in 1993 by the North Carolina
Department of Cultural Resources. In addition to the Carpenter Historic District, twelve
properties were identified to be evaluated. Of those twelve properties, none were
determined to be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Thus, the
Carpenter Historic District is the only significant architectural resource located within the
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proposed project's Area of Potential Effect. These findings are summarized in a Phase II
Architectural Survey Report prepared by Mattson, Alexander and Associates
(February 15, 1999) which is available for public review at NCDOT. The State Historic
Preservation Office concurred with the report and the above findings in their letter dated
March 10, 1999 (page B-1 of Appendix B).
The Carpenter Historic District is located at the junction of SR 3014
(Morrisville-Carpenter Road) and SR 1617 (Carpenter-Upchurch Road) along the CSX
Railroad corridor just east of NC 55, (see Figure 12). The Carpenter community is a rare
' surviving example of the small, primarily rail-oriented settlements that developed across
Wake County in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. About 1885, William
Henry Carpenter erected the frame, gable front farm supply store which still stands at the
intersection of SR 3014 and SR 1617. He also owned the farmer's cooperative building
located across Carpenter-Upchurch Road. Although Carpenter was never incorporated,
the community expanded after the Durham and Southern Railroad established a small
depot and fueling station about 1906. The Carpenter family then built a two story, brick
commercial building adjacent to the earlier wooden store. The buildings were later
connected, and, until 1933, the connecting portion served as the Carpenter post office.
Across Morrisville-Carpenter Road from these buildings is a ca. 1916 general store that
was owned by a local merchant named C.F. Ferrell.
Carpenter is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A
' for community development and Criterion C for architecture. The boundaries of the
Carpenter Historic District, as originally proposed by the Wake County Planning
Department, are shown on Figure 12. The boundaries are defined by the railroad right of
way along the west side, and dwellings and commercial buildings on the north, south, and
east sides. The boundaries encompass the greatest concentration of the intact
architectural resources that represent the historical development of the Carpenter
community. The State Historic Preservation Office concurred with the Carpenter Historic
' District Boundaries in their March 10, 1999 letter included in Appendix B (page B-1).
In the vicinity of the Carpenter Historic District, NC 55 is being widened to the
west (the district lies to the east). No right of way will be acquired from the district.
Moreover, the proposed project will not alter the viewshed of the historic district. Trees
adjacent to NC 55 and the railroad provide a visual screen of the historic district from the
roadway. In a meeting held on March 9, 1999, the State Historic Preservation Office
concurred that the project would have no effect on the Carpenter Historic District. A
concurrence form dated March 10, 1999 is included in Appendix B (page B-3).
5.1.6.2 Archaeological Resources
Staff of the Office of State Archaeology traveled the proposed project on
November 18, 1998. Based on their observations, soils information, and the results of
recent archaeological surveys in the general vicinity, they determined the widening would
not have an effect on any National Register eligible archaeological sites (see their letter
dated December 3, 1998 in Appendix B (page B-25).
1 5.2 Section 4(f) Properties
Section 4(f) of the U.S. Department of Transportation Act of 1966 was enacted to
protect public parks, recreation areas, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites
from being adversely impacted by Department of Transportation protects.
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One Section 4(f) Resource, the Carpenter Historic District, is located in the
immediate vicinity of the project. However, as discussed in Section 5.1.6.1 of this report,
the proposed project will have no effect on the district. The State Historic Preservation
Office has concurred with this no effect determination (see page B-3 of Appendix B).
Moreover, there will be no use of Section 4(f) property. Thus, no Section 4(f) resources
will be affected by the widening of NC 55.
5.3 Economic Effects
NC 55 provides access to the Research Triangle Park (RTP) from population ,
centers in western Wake County and southern Durham County. RTP, a 6,900-acre
development located in western Wake and southeastern Durham Counties, is the
economic engine of the entire Triangle Region. RTP is home to over 135 companies and
institutions, most of which are involved in research and technology, and over 50,000
employees (www.rtp.org/RTP?_History.html).
Unemployment rates in Wake and Durham Counties are influenced by employers
located at RTP. During the month of December, 1998, Wake and Durham Counties had
labor forces of 332,170 and 116,030 persons, respectively. Out of Wake County's labor
force, only 3,880 persons in Wake County were unemployed, a 1.2 percent
unemployment rate. Out of Durham County's labor force only 1,830 persons were
unemployed, an unemployment rate of 1.6 percent.
Many of RTP's employees have chosen to live in Durham, Cary, Apex, and other ,
municipalities in western and southern Wake County. As a result, these areas are rapidly
developing, placing an increasing demand on the transportation infrastructure, as
evidenced by the traffic congestion on NC 55. Improvements to the transportation
infrastructure, such as the widening of NC 55, are critical to maintaining the economic
vitality of the region.
5.4 Environmental Effects '
5.4.1 Biological Resources
Biotic resources include aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This section describes
those ecosystems encountered in the study area, as well as, the relationships between
fauna and flora within these ecosystems. Composition and distribution of biotic
communities throughout the project area are reflective of topography, hydrologic
influences and past and present land uses in the study area. Descriptions of the terrestrial
systems are presented in the context of plant community classifications. Dominant flora
and fauna observed, or likely-to occur, in each community are described and discussed.
Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are provided for
.each animal and plant species described. Subsequent references to the same organism
will include the common name only.
5.4.1.1 Plant Communities
Six broad classifications of plant communities were identified in the project study
area. These communities are pine-mixed hardwood forest, hardwood forest, pine forest,
shrub assemblage, agricultural land, and urban-disturbed land.

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1 Pine-Mixed Hardwood Forest
Mixed pine/hardwood forest is characterized by a canopy dominated by a mixture
of pines (greater than 30 percent) and hardwoods. Mixed forest is considered to indicate
a forest recovering from a disturbance of some sort. Mature, stable forests in this region
are usually characterized by a hardwood canopy. Following a disturbance, pine species
tend to grow into the forest canopy faster than hardwood species resulting in the mixed
community. This community is found throughout the project corridor on ridges, slopes,
and floodplains. The largest expanses of pine-mixed hardwood forest occur in
' association with the floodplains of White Oak Creek and the Kit Creek/Long
Branch/Northeast Creek system and in association with upland ridges above the Panther
Creek headwaters.
On upland ridges and slopes, this community resembles Dry Mesic Oak-Hickory
Forest, as described by Schafale and Weakley (1990), with intermixed pine. Common
canopy species include the following: southern red oak (Quercus falcata), blackjack oak
(Q. marilandica), white oak (Q. alba), black oak (Q. velutina), scarlet oak (Q. coccinea),
loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Virginia pine (P. virginiana), red maple (Acer rubrum),
sweetgum (Liquidambar styracijlua), persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), mockernut
hickory (Carya tomentosa), and sweet pignut hickory (C. glabra). The sub-canopy
includes eastern hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), flowering dogwood (Cornus jlorida),
eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), winged elm (Ulmus alata), sassafras (Sassafras
albidum), redbud (Cercis americana), witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), and
sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum). Density and spacing of the shrub stratum depends to
a great extent on the canopy structure. Common shrubs include: wax myrtle (Myrica
cerifera), silver-berry (Elaeagnus umbellata), and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Common
herbs include Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia),
yellow jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens), ground-pine (Lycopodium obscurum),
ebony spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron), and Christmas fern (Polystichum
acrostichoides).
In mesic areas such as floodplains, valleys, and some north-facing slopes, this
community resembles Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest, as described by Schafale and
Weakley (1990). Common canopy species include: American beech (Fagus grandifolia),
tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), red maple, box elder (Acer negundo), water oak
(Quercus nigra), willow oak (Q. phellos), loblolly pine, and American sycamore
(Platanus occidentalis). The sub-canopy includes: red maple, red mulberry (Morus
rubra), black cherry (Prunus serotina), eastern red cedar, and ironwood (Carpinus
caroliniana). Shrubs are typically scattered and in clumps and include: American holly
(Ilex opaca), arrow-wood (Viburnum dentatum), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium
corymbosum). Common vine and herb species are poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans),
Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), yellow jessamine (Gelsemium
' sempervirens), Christmas fern, false strawberry (Duchesnea indica), and rattlesnake
plantain (Goodyera pubescens).
Hardwood Forest
' Hardwood forest occurs primarily in association with wet depressions and riparian
areas adjacent to streams. Forests dominated by hardwood species can generally be
considered to have undergone less recent disturbance than pine-mixed hardwood forests.
Hardwood forests within the project vicinity are characterized by a higher plant species
diversity than mixed forests. The larger stands of hardwood forest occur in the Kit
Creek/Long Branch floodplain.
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In mesic areas such as floodplains, terraces, and lower north-facing slopes, this
community resembles Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest, as described by Schafale and
Weakley (1990). The forest canopy is characterized by a variety of hardwood species and
occasional pines. Species composition varies from nearly pure hardwoods to areas where
pine comprises up to 30 percent of the canopy. Dominant species consist of American
beech, white oak, water oak, willow oak, tulip tree, American elm (Ulmus americana),
red maple, sweetgum, river birch (Betula nigra), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica),
swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), and shagbark hickory (Carya ovata).
American holly, ironwood, river birch, slippery elm (U. rubra), and several species of
vines occur in the understory/shrub layer. Common herbs include Christmas fern,
partridge berry (Mitchella repens), beggar's ticks (Desmodium nudiflorum), rattlesnake
fern (Botrychium virginianum), giant chickweed (Stellaria pubera), and bedstraw
(Galium circaezans).
There is a slight change in species composition in wet depressions and along
riparian areas and water courses, where this community resembles Piedmont Bottomland
Forest, as described by Schafale and Weakley (1990). These areas are limited in extent
and are included with the hardwood forest community. Dominant canopy species include
sweetgum, American sycamore, river birch, box elder, red maple, American elm,
ironwood, water oak, willow oak, swamp chestnut oak, green ash, tulip poplar, hackberry
(Celtis laevigata), and bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis). Chinese privet (Ligustrum
sinense), river birch, tag alder (Alnus serrulata), arrowwood, buckeye (Aesculus
sylvatica), pawpaw (Asimina triloba), highbush blueberry, and hearts-a-bursting
(Euonymus americana) are found in the shrub layer. Vine species include poison ivy,
yellow jessamine, Japanese honeysuckle, cross-vine (Bignonia capreolata), muscadine,
green-brier, and Virginia creeper. Common herbs include giant cane (Arundinaria
gigantea), trout lily (Erythronium americanum), lizards, tail (Saururus cernuus), false
nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), royal fern (Osmanthus regalis), cinnamon fern (O.
cinnamomea), spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis), Nepal microstegium (Eulalia
viminea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis),
and jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum).
Pine Forest
Pine forest occurs in a few, small stands on uplands within the project vicinity.
Each stand appears to be a homogeneous age class and stands appear to range from
approximately 15 to 30 years of age. In the project vicinity, pine forest primarily occurs
in regions characterized by rural-residential land use. These pine forests appear to have
been established and maintained as silviculture plantations.
The canopy of the pine forest is composed almost entirely of loblolly pine. Shrub and
herb layers are commonly sparse due to the dense overstory, and include wax myrtle,
Chinese privet, blackberries (Rubus spp.), American holly, common green-brier, trumpet
creeper (Campsis radicans), Virginia creeper, and Japanese honeysuckle.
Shrub Assemblage
Shrub assemblage occurs primarily in disturbed areas adjacent to existing
residential and commercial areas. These areas appear to be the result of land clearing
activities where further development has been delayed. These areas are generally not
being maintained; they are succeeding to forest. Species composition includes invasive
herbs and shrubs, as well as saplings of canopy and sub-canopy species from adjacent
communities. Although much land-clearing is currently underway within the project
26 1
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' corridor, little land is currently designated as shrub assemblage. This community
generally occurs in close association with residential and commercial development.
Common invasive herbs and vines include blackberries, pokeweed (Phytolacca
americana), goldenrods (Solidago spp.), lespedeza (Lespedeza virginica), ragweed
(Ambrosia artesimiifolia), Japanese honeysuckle, and green-briers. In dry areas, the
shrub composition is dominated by winged sumac (Rhus copallina), winged elm, wax
myrtle, red maple, and sweetgum. Within riparian and mesic areas, dominant shrubs are
Chinese privet, tulip poplar, black willow (Salix nigra), red maple, and tag alder.
Agricultural Land
1 Agricultural land only occurs as four fields adjacent to the existing facility. These
fields are concentrated in the central portion of the project corridor, north and south of the
community of Carpenter. Tobacco and corn appear to have been the most recent crops
produced in these fields. Field margins are dominated by grasses and invasive herbs.
Characteristic species include: Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), vasey grass
(Paspalum urvillei), broom-sedges (Andropogon spp.), goldenrods, asters (Asters spp.),
Carolina cranesbill (Geranium carolinianum), red clover (Trifolium pratense), ragweed,
foxtail grass (Setaria sp.), and Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota).
Urban-Disturbed Land
Urban-Disturbed Land refers to maintained areas such as residential and
commercial areas, industrial yards, utility line right-of-ways, and road and railroad
shoulders. These areas may also include paved surfaces as well as maintained dirt yards.
This patchwork community occurs throughout the length of the project. The most
extensive stretches of urban-disturbed land occur at the south end of project in the
vicinity of the NC 55 / US 64 interchange and in the northern portion of the corridor in
1 the vicinity of I-40, Sedwick Road, and Meridian Parkway.
Within maintained yards, trees and shrubs are typically scattered and generally
include species characteristic of adjacent forests. Ornamental species included in this
community are rhododendrons, azaleas, box-woods, hollies, various fiuit trees, perennial
flowers and various lawn grasses.
Maintained road and railroad shoulders and utility line right-of-ways support
invasive grasses, herbs, and shrubs, such as those listed for agricultural field margins.
Other species include bur-marigolds (Bidens spp.), dayflower (Commelina communis),
toad flax (Linaria canadensis), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), partridge pea (Cassia
fasciculata), poison ivy, passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), henbit (Lamium
amplexicaule), and woolly mullein (Yerbascum thapsus).

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The plant assemblages occurring both within ponds and along pond margins is
included within this community designation. Shrubs in these areas include black willow,
tag alder, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), wax myrtle, and river birch. Ground
cover includes rushes (Juncus spp.), cat-tails (Typha spp.), wool-grass (Scirpus
cyperinus), sedges (Carex spp.), rattle-boxes (Ludwigia spp.), lizards tail, false nettle,
yellow lotus (Nelumbo lutea), arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.), smartweeds (Peltandra spp.),
climbing hempweed (Mikania scandens), and arrow arum (Peltandra virginica).
27

5.4.1.2 Impacts to Plant Communities
Construction of the subject project will have various impacts on the plant
communities described. Any construction related activities in or near these resources
have the potential to impact biological functions. This section quantifies and qualifies
impacts to the natural resources in terms of area impacted and ecosystems affected.
Calculated impacts to plant communities resources reflect the relative abundance
of each community present in the study area. Project construction will result in clearing
and degradation of portions of these communities. Table 9 summarizes potential
quantitative losses to these biotic communities resulting from project construction.
Estimated impacts are derived using the entire right of way width.
TABLE 9. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS TO PLANT COMMUNITIES
Community Area Impacted acres
Pine-Mixed Hardwood
Forest 71
Hardwood Forest 13
Pine Forest 6
Shrub Assemblage 3
Agricultural Land 3
Urban-Disturbed Land 92
Total 188
The construction of the proposed project will. result in the permanent conversion
of pine-mixed hardwood forest, hardwood forest, pine forest, shrub assemblage, and
agricultural communities into urban-disturbed land. Some portions of existing
urban-disturbed land will be permanently lost to impervious surfaces, and other portions
will be impacted temporarily. Impacts to urban-disturbed communities are generally less
objectionable than impacts to forested communities. Therefore, impacts to forested
communities will be minimized whenever possible. Impacts to the canopy of streams in
the study area will also be minimized whenever possible.
5.4.1.3 Wildlife
Community boundaries are frequently ill-defined; contiguous communities
generally merge without any transition zone between them. Many faunal species are
highly adaptive and may populate the entire range of the plant communities discussed
above.
Terrestrial Wildlife
The project corridor consists of a mosaic of urban and residential areas, forest, and
agricultural land. Most of the corridor communities offer necessary components (food,
water, cover) to support a number of animal species typical of the Piedmont region of the
state. During field studies, tracks or observations of the following primarily terrestrial
mammals were documented: Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), eastern cottontail
(Sylvilagus floridanus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and
white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Other mammals expected to occur within the
project area include: eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus), southeastern shrew (Sorex
longirostris), northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), eastern pipistrelle
(Pipistrellus subflavus), red bat (Lasiurus borealis), southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys
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volans), white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), meadow vole (Microtus
pennsylvanicus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), striped
' skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and bobcat (Lynx rufus).
Bird species that occur within the region are those typical of forested, yet
urbanizing areas in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Due to the existing road
' network and development, forest interior species are expected to avoid much of the
project corridor. Species sighted during fieldstudies or leaving sign in forested areas
include: red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus),
red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus), yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus
varius), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata),
Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis),
' tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor), red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceous), northern cardinal
(Cardinalis cardinalis), and rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus). Other
species expected in forested areas include: eastern screech owl (Otus asio), northern
bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), blue-gray gnatcher (Polioptila caerulea), ruby-crowned
kinglet (Regulus calendula), wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), gray catbird
(Dumetella carolinensis), brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), northern parula (Parula
americana), yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata), dark-eyed junco (Junco
hyemalis), white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), and summer tanager (Piranga
rubra).
Bird species sighted during field studies or leaving sign in open and disturbed
areas include: turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis),
mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), chimney swift (Chaetura pelagica), eastern kingbird
(Tyrannus tyrannus), eastern phoebe (Sayomis phoebe), barn swallow (Hirundo rustica),
' American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), American, robin (Turdus migratorius),
northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), white-
eyed vireo (Vireo griseus), common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), chipping sparrow
1 (Spizella passerina), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), eastern meadowlark (Sturnella
magna), common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), and red-winged blackbird (Agelaius
phoeniceus). Other species expected in open or disturbed areas include: eastern bluebird
(Sialia sialis), cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum), prairie warbler (Dendroica
discolor), savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), field sparrow (Spizella
pusilla), indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea), and American goldfinch (Garduelis tristis).
Primarily terrestrial reptiles and amphibians observed during field studies include:
eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina), rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta), rough earth snake
(Virginia striatula), and American toad (Bufo americana). Other reptiles and amphibians
known to occur in the region include: eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus),
southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus), worm snake (Carphophis
amoenus), rough green snake (Opheodrys aestivus), copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix),
northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans), spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer), and northern
dusky salamander (Desmognanthus fuscus).
Aquatic Wildlife
Several streams and ponds located within the project vicinity provide adequate
habitat for the propagation of aquatic wildlife. Species or evidence of species observed
during field surveys include: beaver (Castor canadensis), great blue heron (Ardea
herodias), yellowbelly slider (Trachemys scripta), snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina),
southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala), and bullfrog (R. catesbeiana). Other
primarily aquatic wildlife expected to occur within the project area include: mink
r (Mustela vison), northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), queen snake (Regina
29

septemvittata), green frog (Rana clamitans), and two-lined salamander (Eurycea
bislineata).
Most of the streams located in the project vicinity likely lack surface water during ,
portions of the year; however, the larger, permanent streams, such as Beaver Creek, Kit
Creek, and Northeast Creek, are expected to support a minor fishery. Expected species
include: bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), green sunfish (L. cyanellus), pumpkinseed (L.
gibbosus), blue-spotted sunfish (Enneacanthus gloriosus), banded sunfish (E. obesus),
pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus), eastern mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea), Carolina
madtom (Notorus furiosus), brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), bluehead chub ,
(Nocomis leptocephalus), white shiner (Notropis albeolus), creek chub (Semotilus
atromculatus), greenfin shiner (Notropis chloristius), rosefin shiner (N. ardens), eastern
mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki), and Johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum). Ponds
within the project corridor may include stocked game fish such as largemouth bass
(Micropterus salmoides), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), and redbreast sunfish (L.
auritus).
5.4.1.4 Impacts to Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife
Fragmentation and loss of wildlife habitat is an unavoidable consequence of
highway development. However, due to the urban nature of much of the project corridor,
the proposed project is expected to result in only minor impacts to wildlife. Short-term
displacement of local wildlife populations will occur during initial construction of the
facility. Most local species are habituated to anthropogenic disturbances and are expected
to return to the vicinity of the construction area. Movement through the area will become
more dangerous for many transient species due to the increased width of the new facility.
Due to the urban and suburban nature of the project vicinity, no economically important '
game species are expected to be adversely affected.
Some wildlife species which occur within the project corridor may be displaced '
through permanent habitat reduction. Local large mammal populations, such as deer, fox,
and bobcat may experience disruptions in mating, feeding, or migratory patterns as a
result of construction. Increased urbanization has already resulted in diminished habitat
opportunities as woodlands and adjacent agricultural lands have been committed to
development. Migratory and residential bird species which require forest interiors for
nesting are not expected to be adversely impacted.
Potential impacts to the aquatic environment are those that act to decrease water
quality and include increased sedimentation, nutrient runoff, changes in water
temperature and dissolved oxygen, and toxic runoff from construction related erosion.
Organisms that utilize habitats provided by these streams can be affected by
changes in water quality. Toxic runoff resulting from fuel and other chemical pollutants
leaking from construction machinery and automotive debris from increased traffic flow.
Additional chemical pollutants can bond to soils and enter streams with runoff sediments.
Nutrient runoff occurs from the use of chemical fertilizers in roadside landscaping and
can cause algal blooms, which can lower dissolved oxygen in the sediments and water
column. These factors act to decrease successful reproduction in individual species and
decrease the species diversity of the community. Higher vertebrates which utilize these
streams to forage are affected through biomagnification of pollutants and the loss of
potential prey species.
The loss of the streamside canopy along many streams in the study area will affect
organisms inhabiting those streams by increasing the water temperature, decreasing
30

t
dissolved oxygen, increasing sedimentation, and causing stream bank destabilization.
These impacts will be minimized by minimizing clearing at those sites and implementing
sediment control measures.
NCDOT's Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters and
Sedimentation Control Guidelines will be strictly enforced during the construction stage
of the project to minimize impacts to aquatic and semiaquatic organisms.
5.4.1.5 Rare and Unique Natural Areas
A Natural Heritage Program-designated Significant Natural Heritage Area
(SNHA) lies within the project corridor. A Limestone and Chert Nature Area is located
along Kit Creek and its adjacent floodplain. The majority of this natural area is located
west (downstream) of the project corridor. But, an arm of this area passes across NC 55
and extends east to the railroad trestle (approximately 500 feet upstream from existing
NC 55). A SNHA designation is given to an area due to the presence of rare species, rare
or high quality natural communities, or geologic features. This designation does not
confer protection or regulatory status. Because the proposed activity is a widening of an
existing road facility, construction activities will be limited to areas immediately adjacent
to the existing roadway and only minor impacts are anticipated.
5.4.1.6 Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of fauna and flora have been in, or are in, the process of decline
either due to natural forces or their inability to coexist with man. Federal law (under the
provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended) requires that any action,
likely to adversely a species classified as federally protected, be subject to review by the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife (FWS). Other species may receive additional protection under
separate state laws.
Federally-Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E) and Threatened
(T) are protected under provisions of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended. As of January 15, 1999, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service lists the following
federally protected species for Durham and Wake Counties (see Table 10). A brief
description of each species characteristics and habitat follows.
TABLE 10. FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES

1

Common Name Scientific Name Status County
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened Durham, Wake
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Endangered Wake
Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta heterodon Endangered Wake
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Endangered Durham, Wake
Smooth coneflower Echinacea Iaevigata Endangered Durham
31

Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Status: T ,
Animal Family: Accipitridae
Date Listed: 3/11/67
Distribution in N.C.: Anson, Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Chatham, Chowan, Craven,
Dare, Durham, Guilford, Hyde, Montgomery, New Hanover,
Northhampton, Periquimans, Richmond, Stanly, Vance, Wake, and
Washington Counties
The bald eagle occurs throughout North America, primarily associated with large
lakes and coastal bays and sounds where food is plentiful. Mature eagles (usually 4 to 6
years and older) are identified by a white head and tail, dark brown to black body and
wings (wingspread to 6 feet), and yellow eyes, bill, and feet. Juveniles are uniformly
chocolate brown and sometimes have whitish mottling on the tail, belly, and wing linings.
Maturing individuals become lighter in color and the mottling increases until their adult
plumage pattern is acquired. Nest sites occur close to feeding grounds in large trees
(predominantly pine or cypress), either living or dead. Eagles are opportunistic hunters
and scavengers, feeding on a wide variety of aquatic-dependent organisms including fish,
snakes, small mammals, and large water birds. Their primary source of food is carrion
and fish taken from ospreys (Potter et. al. 1980).
Bald eagles have nested at Jordan Reservoir (approximately 7 miles west of the
project corridor) for the past 5 to 6 years. Jordan Lake is also used by eagles for feeding
and roosting, so, it is likely that eagles will fly over the project corridor on a regular
basis. A protected species survey conducted within the project corridor during
September, 1998 found no foraging, nesting, roosting, or perching habitat within the
project corridor.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
It is likely that eagles will fly over the project corridor on a regular basis.
However, the lack of appropriate habitat for feeding, nesting, roosting, and perching,
combined with the rapid urbanization of the area, make it unlikely that eagles will use
specific sites within or adjacent to the project corridor. Based on available information,
widening NC 55 will not impact the bald eagle.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis)
Status: E
Animal Family: Picidae
Date Listed: 10/13/70
Distribution in N.C.: Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret,
Chatham, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Duplin, Forsyth,
Gates, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford, Hoke, Hyde, Johnston, Jones,
Lee, Lenoir, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, New Hanover,
Northhampton, Onslow, Orange, Pamlico, Pender, Perquimans, ,
Pitt, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Tyrrell, Wake,
Wayne, and Wilson Counties
The adult red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) has a plumage that is entirely black
and white, except for small red streaks on the sides of the nape in the male. The back of
the RCW is black and white with horizontal stripes. The breast and underside of this '
32

u

woodpecker are white with streaked flanks. The RCW has a large white cheek patch
surrounded by the black cap, nape, and throat.
The RCW uses open old growth stands of southern pines, particularly longleaf
pine (Pinus palustris), for foraging and nesting habitat. A forested stand must contain at
least 50% pine, lack a thick understory, and be contiguous with other stands to be
appropriate habitat for the RCW. These birds nest exclusively in trees that are >70 years
old and are contiguous with pine stands at least 30 years of age. The foraging range of
the RCW is up to 500 acres. This acreage must be contiguous with suitable nesting sites.
These woodpeckers nest exclusively in living pine trees and usually in trees that
are infected with the fungus that causes red-heart disease. Cavities are located in colonies
from 12-100 feet above the ground and average 30-50 feet high. The woodpecker drills
holes into the bark around the cavity entrance which results in a shiny, resinous buildup.
This buildup allows for the easy detection of active nest trees. The RCW lays its eggs in
April, May, and June; the eggs hatch approximately 38 days later.
Several small pine-dominated stands are located in the study corridor. These pine
stands contain pines less than 50 years old. The stands are generally less than one acre in
size and support closed, dense canopies and tall dense sub-canopy / shrub layers. The
pine stands are isolated from other forests and continue to be reduced in size by
expanding residential and commercial development. Thus, the habitat is marginal due to
its small size, stand density, and stand composition.
Observations within the pine stands revealed no evidence of woodpeckers or their
activities. In addition, no National Heritage Program records show red-cockaded
woodpeckers in the vicinity of the study corridor.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
The project corridor contains marginal red-cockaded woodpecker foraging habitat
and no nesting habitat. No nesting habitat occurs within a mile of the project corridor,
and NHP records have not documented any red-cockaded woodpeckers in the vicinity of
the project. A survey of foraging habitat conducted in support of this document revealed
no evidence of red-cockaded woodpeckers. Due to the rapidly urbanizing character of the
region, no improvement in habitat for this facility is expected. Widening NC 55 will
have no effect on the red-cockaded woodpecker.
Dwarf Wedge Mussel (Alasmidonta heterodon)
Status: E
Animal Family: Unionidae
Date Listed: 3/14/90
Distribution in N.C.: Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Vance, Wake,
Warren, and Wilson Counties
The dwarf wedge mussel is relatively small, averaging 1.0 to 1.5 inches in length.
Their shells are often olive green to dark brown in color and are subrhomboidally shaped.
The shells of females are swollen posteriorly, while males are generally flattened
(TSCFTM 1990). The preferred habitats are streams with moderate flow velocities and
bottoms varying in texture from gravel and coarse sand to mud, especially just
downstream of debris and on banks of accreting sediment. This species was previously
known only from a few disjunct populations in the Neuse River basin (Johnston County)
and Tar River basin (Granville County). Statewide surveys conducted since 1992 have
33

'
range in North Carolina; however, the dwarf wedge mussel range
expanded this species
is still believed to be confined to the Neuse and Tar River basins.
Eff
t
N
CAL CONCLUSION
OG
ec
:
o
BIOL
I
The dwarf wedge mussel range is confined to the Neuse and Tar River basins.
Since the subject section of NC 55 is located wholly within the Cape Fear River basin, no
adverse impacts to the dwarf wedge mussel will result from project construction.
Michaux's Sumac(Rhus michauxii)
Status: E
Plant Family: Anacardiaceae
Federally Listed: September 28, 1989
Flowers Present: June
Distribution in N.C.: Columbus, Davie, Durham, Franklin, Hoke, Lincoln, Moore,
Orange, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake, and Wilson
Counties
Michaux's sumac is a densely pubescent, deciduous, rhizomatous shrub, usually
less than 3 feet high. The alternate, compound leaves consist of 9 to 13 hairy, round-
based, toothed leaflets borne on a hairy rachis that may be slightly winged (Radford et al.
1968). Small male and female flowers are produced during June on terminal, erect
clusters followed by small, hairy, red fruits (drupes) in August and September.
Michaux's sumac tends to grow in disturbed areas where competition is reduced by fire
or other disturbances. Michaux's sumac may grow along roadside margins and utility
'
s sumac appears to prefer clay soil derived
line easements. In the Piedmont, Michaux
from mafic rocks or sandy soil derived from granite; in the Sandhills, it prefers loamy
swales (Weakley, 1993). Michaux's sumac ranges from southern Virginia through
Georgia in the inner Coastal Plain and Piedmont.
Ground-truthing revealed a number of sites of potential or marginal habitat for
Michaux's sumac. Some areas were too wet, too heavily shaded, cultivated, or colonized
by woody vegetation for this sumac. Most potential habitat occurs in the dry, upland
portions of utility line easements and railroad shoulders located near and parallel to the
existing roadway. These maintained corridors are sometimes located alternately on the
east or west side of NC 55, and occasionally on both sides. Since these corridors are
narrow, shade and dense growth of perennials can produce marginal growing conditions
for Michaux's sumac, which poorly tolerates heavy competition.
Systematic investigations of potential habitat within the project corridor revealed
no evidence of Michaux's sumac. There are no Natural Heritage Program records for this
species in the vicinity of the proposed project.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
Systematic surveys of potential and marginal habitat areas revealed no evidence
of Michaux's sumac. There are no Natural Heritage Program records of Michaux's
sumac in the vicinity of the project. Based on available information and field surveys, the
proposed project is not anticipated to impact Michaux's sumac.
Smooth Coneflower (Echinacea laevigata)
Status: E ,
34 1

Animal Family: Asteraceae
Date Listed: 10/8/92
' Distribution in N.C.: Granville and Durham Counties
Smooth coneflower is a stiffly-erect, rarely-branched perennial that grows to
' 5 feet tall. Basal and stem leaves are large, glabrous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, and
may reach six inches in length. This coneflower blooms from late May to July
,
producing solitary heads of small, purplish, disk flowers and long, drooping, pink to
purplish ray flowers (FWS, 1995). This species occurs on calcareous, basic, or
circumneutral soils on road and railroad shoulders, clear-cuts, and utility line easements
where there is abundant light and little herbaceous competition (Gaddy, 1991). Fire-
maintained woodlands also appear to provide potential habitat for the coneflower.
i Ground-truthing revealed a number of sites of potential or marginal habitat for
smooth coneflower. Some areas are too wet, too heavily shaded, cultivated, or too
colonized by woody vegetation for the coneflower. Most potential habitat occurs in the
dry, upland portions of utility line easements and railroad shoulders located near and
parallel to the existing roadway. These maintained corridors are sometimes located
alternately on the east or west side of NC 55, and occasionally on both sides. Since these
corridors are narrow, shade and dense growth of perennials can produce marginal
growing conditions for the smooth coneflower, which poorly tolerates heavy competition.
Systematic investigations of potential habitat within the project corridor revealed
no evidence of smooth coneflowers. There are no Natural Heritage Program records for
this species in the vicinity of the proposed project.
I BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: No Effect
Systematic surveys of potential and marginal habitat areas revealed no evidence
of smooth coneflowers. There are no Natural Heritage Program records of the species in
the vicinity of the project. Based on available information and field surveys, the
proposed project is not anticipated to impact the smooth coneflower.
Federal Species of Concern
There are ten Federal Species of Concern (FSC) listed for Durham and Wake
Counties. Federal Species of Concern are not afforded federal protection under the
Endangered Species Act and are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7,
until they are formally listed as Threatened or Endangered. Federal Species of Concern
' are organisms which are vulnerable to extinction although sufficient data does not exist to
warrant a listing of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed Endangered, or Proposed
Threatened.
Table 11 lists federal species of concern, their North Carolina status, and an
indication of whether habitat for each species exists in the study area. This species list is
provided for information purposes, as the status of these species may be upgraded in the
future.
State Species
Organisms which are listed as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Special Concern

1 35

(SC), Candidate (C), Significantly Rare (SR), or Watch List (W) receive limited state
protection under the North Carolina Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina
Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979.
A review of Natural Heritage Program records indicates only one State-listed
species is known to occur within 2.0 miles of the project. Veined skullcap (Scutellaria
nervosa), listed as Significantly Rare, has been documented on a slope adjacent to the
west bank of Long Branch approximately 1,000 feet above Long Branch's confluence
with Kit Creek. The skullcap typically occurs in alluvial forests of the lower Piedmont,
just above the fall line. No sightings of veined skullcap were noted during recent field
surveys. The project is not anticipated to impact veined skullcap. In addition, the project
will not disturb the area documented as having the species.
TABLE 11. FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN*

Species

County State
Potential
Status

Habitat
Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) W SC No
Southern hognose snake (Heterodon simus) W SR No
Southern myotis (Myotis austroriparius) W SC Yes
Yellow lance (Elliptio lanceolata) W T No
Atlantic pigtoe (Fusconaia masoni) W, D T Yes
Green floater (Lasmigona subviridus) W, D E Yes
Yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) D T Yes
Panhandle pebblesnail (Somotogyrus virginicus) D SR No
Diana fritillary butterfly (Speyeria diana) W SR Yes
Septima's clubtail dragonfly (Gomphus septima) D SR Yes
Sweet pinesap (Monotropsis odorata) W C Yes
Carolina least trillium (Trullium pusillum) W E No
Tall larkspur (Delphinium exaltatum) D E-SC No
Butternut (Juglans cinerea) D W No
A liverwort (Plagiochila columbiana) D W No
* Listed as of January 15, 1999
5.4.2 Geology and Soils
The project is located within the Durham Triassic Sub-Basin. This particular
basin is oriented in a northeast-southwest direction. A Triassic Basin is a rift basin, filled
with exposed sedimentary and igneous rocks, believed to have formed along a fault zone
as a result of continental drift. The geology of the Triassic Basin includes a complex
history of tension faulting, rapid sedimentation across fault scarps, slow sedimentation by
streams and lakes, evaporation of playa lakes, and igneous intrusions. More specifically,
the Chatham Group underlies the majority of the project area. The Chatham Group
consists of Triassic Period conglomerate, fanglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone which
overlie micaceous, medium to very coarse arkosic sandstone, which overlie sandstone
and mudstone interbedded with chert and impure limestone. Intrusive rocks common to
the Triassic Basin are gray to black diabase dikes and sills. Just north of the City of
Apex, a small pocket of Coastal Plain sediment exists. This pocket includes Tertiary
36

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n
1

P

i

Period terrace deposits and upland sediments of gravel, clayey sand and sand, along with
minor iron oxide-cemented sandstone (Olsen et al. 1991, SCS 1970, SCS 1972).
The project corridor extends through six dominant soil units (SCS 1970, SCS
1972). Dominant map units on ridges and slopes are Creedmoor sandy loam (Aquic
Hapludults), White Store sandy loam (Vertic Hapludults), and Mayodan sandy loam
(Typic Hapludults). Dominant map units on stream margins and floodplains are
Chewacla soils (Fluvic Dystrochrepts), Wehadkee silt loam (Typic Fluvaquents), and
Congaree find sandy loam (Typic Udifluvents).
Within Durham County, Chewacla and Wehadkee soils are listed as hydric, and
Congaree soils are listed as having hydric inclusions or wet spots (MRCS 1996). Within
Wake County, Wehadkee soils are listed as hydric and Chewacla soils are listed as having
hydric inclusions or wet spots (MRCS 1996). Other minor occurrences of hydric soils
within the project corridor include Roanoke silt loam (Typic Ochraquults) and Worsham
sandy loam (Typic Ochraquults).
The Creedmoor series consists of gently sloping to moderately steep, moderately
well drained soils of uplands. Creedmoor soils are weathered from Triassic sandstone,
mudstone, and shale and typically occur on rounded divides where the elevational
difference from high to low point is approximately 50 ft. Infiltration is fair, permeability
is slow, and surface runoff is medium to rapid, depending on slope. Depth to bedrock
ranges from 5 to 10 ft, and the water table is perched for short time periods due to slowly
permeable subsoil. The Creedmoor series occurs throughout the project corridor on dry
upland flats and ridge tops.
The White Store series consists of gently sloping to moderately steep, moderately
deep, moderately well drained soils of uplands. White Store soils are derived from
Triassic siltstone and typically occur on rounded divides where the difference in elevation
between high and low points is roughly 50 ft. Infiltration is good, permeability is slow,
and surface runoff is medium to rapid. Depth to bedrock ranges from 4 to 8 ft and the
water table is often perched due to low permeability. The White Store series occurs
primarily on dry slopes adjacent to floodplains, primarily in the Kit Creek/Long Branch
basin.
The Mayodan series consists of gently sloping to moderately steep, well drained
soils which are deep or moderately deep over hard rock. Mayodan soils originate from
weathered Triassic sandstone, mudstone, and shale and typically occur on rounded
divides where the elevation difference from high to low points is nearly 50 ft. Infiltration
is good and surface runoff is medium to rapid, depending on slope. The depth to bedrock
ranges from 4 to 15 ft and the depth to the seasonal high water is greater than 10 ft. The
largest map units of the Mayodan series occur on dry upland flats near the northern
project terminus.
The Chewacla series consists of nearly level, somewhat poorly drained soils in the
floodplains. These soils result from the deposition of fine loamy alluvium. Infiltration is
good, permeability is rapid, and surface runoff is slow. Depth to bedrock ranges from 4
to 15 ft and depth to the seasonal high water table is approximately 1.5 ft. The Chewacla
series occurs primarily in larger stream floodplains of Beaver Creek, Kit Creek, Long
Branch, and Burdens Creek.
The Wehadkee series consists of nearly level, poorly drained soils on floodplains.
Wehadkee soils are derived from deposits of fine loamy alluvium. Infiltration is good,
permeability is moderate to moderately rapid, and surface runoff is slow. The depth to
37
bedrock ranges from 3 to 15 ft and the seasonal high water table is often located at the
surface. The Wehadkee series occurs within the floodplains of smaller streams such as
Jack Branch and White Oak Creek.
The Congaree series consists of well drained to moderately well drained soils that
formed in recent alluvium on flood plains. Infiltration is good, permeability is moderate,
and surface runoff is slow. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches and the seasonal
high water table is 2.5 to 4 feet below the surface. This soil is subject to occasional, brief
flooding. The Congaree series occurs within the floodplain of Northeast Creek.
Project impacts to soils and the topography are expected to be minimal. The
project is located in an area with low to moderate relief. In addition, the project is located
along an existing roadway corridor through an urban / suburban area.
5.4.3 Water Resources
This section contains information concerning those water resources likely to be
impacted by the project. Water resource information encompasses physical aspects of the
resource, its relationship to major water systems, Best Usage Standards, and water
quality. Probable impacts to these water bodies are also discussed, as are means to
minimize impacts.
5.4.3.1 Stream Characteristics
The proposed project is located in the northeastern portion of the Cape Fear River
Basin. All drainages crossed by the project flow to B. Everett Jordan Reservoir. Eleven
named streams are located along the project. Several unnamed tributaries are also
crossed. The characteristics of the streams crossed by the project are presented in
Table 12 on page 38. Stream locations are shown in Figure 2. Best Usage Classifications
and Index Numbers are included in Section 5.4.3.2.
5.4.3.2 Best Usage Classification
Streams have been assigned a best usage classification by the Division of Water
Quality (DWQ). Unnamed streams carry the same best usage classification as streams to
which they are tributaries.
Beaver Creek (Index No. 16-41-10), Panther Creek (16-41-1-17-3), Morris
Branch (16-41-1-17-3-1), Nancy Branch (Index No. 16-41-1-17-3-1), Kit Creek
(16-41-1-17-2-[0.7]), Long Branch (16-41-1-17-2-1), Burdens Creek
(16-41-1-17-1-[0.7]), and Northeast Creek (16-41-1-17) have a State Best Usage
Classification of WS-IV NSW. Jack Branch (16-41-6-1-[1]), White Oak Creek
(16-41-6-[0.3]), and Bachelor Branch (16-41-6-2-[1]) have a State Best Usage
Classification of C NSW.
The WS-IV classification denotes waters that are used as water supplies.
Generally, WS-IV waters are in moderately to highly developed watersheds with a large
number and variety of wastewater discharges. Discharge of treated waste is granted
through permits, and local programs to control non-point source and stormwater
discharge of pollution are required. Regulations associated with this classification state
"the construction of new roads and bridges should minimize built-upon area, divert
stormwater away from surface water supply waters as much as possible, and employ best
management practices to minimize water quality impacts." Class C waters are protected
for aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and
38
t

agriculture. The NSW designation is used when waters need nutrient management due to
the excessive growth of microscopic and macroscopic vegetation.
No waters designated as Water Supply I (WS-I), Water Supply II (WS-II), High
Quality Waters, or Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) are located along the proposed
project.
TABLE 12. STREAM CHARACTERISTICS
STREAM NAME' CHANNEL
WIDTH
(FEET) CHANNEL
DEPTH
(FEET) WATER
DEPTH
(INCHES) OBSERVED
FLOW BENTHIC
COMPOSITION
BEAVER CREEK (P)3
(S) 30
4 3
6 1
2 SLIGHT
SLIGHT SAND
LOAM
UT2 TO BEAVER CREEK 15 3 1 MODERATE SILT / SAND
UT TO BEAVER CREEK 1 1 0 NONE SAND / GRAVEL
JACK BRANCH 3 6 1 SLIGHT SAND
JACK BRANCH 6 6 2 MODERATE SAND / GRAVEL
UT TO JACK BRANCH 6 6 3 MODERATE / SWIFT SAND / COBBLE
WHITE OAK CREEK 15 5 12 MODERATE SAND / COBBLE
UT TO WHITE OAK CREEK 4 3 12 MODERATE / SLIGHT SAND
BACHELOR BRANCH (P)
(S) 5
4 6
1 6
0 MODERATE / SLIGHT
NONE SAND / ROCK
LOAM
UT TO BACHELOR BRANCH 4 3 1 SLIGHT SAND / SILT
PANTHER CREEK
HEADWATERS 3 6 6 SLIGHT SAND / SILT
UT TO PANTHER CREEK 3 2 1 SLIGHT SAND / SILT
MORRIS BRANCH 3 3 2 SLIGHT SAND / SILT
UT TO MORRIS BRANCH 4 3 3 SLIGHT SAND / SILT
UT TO MORRIS BRANCH 3 5 2 SLIGHT CLAY / SAND
NANCY BRANCH 4 5 0 NONE SAND
UT TO KIT CREEK 1 6 0 NONE SAND
UT TO KIT CREEK 4 6 1 SLIGHT COBBLE / SAND
UT TO KIT CREEK 3 4 0 NONE COBBLE / SAND
KIT CREEK 20 7 4 SLIGHT SAND / GRAVEL
LOWER LONG BRANCH 6 6 6 SLIGHT SAND / COBBLE
UPPER LONG BRANCH. (P)
(S) 6
3 4
2 6
1 SLIGHT
SLIGHT SAND / GRAVEL
SAND / GRAVEL
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 4 2 0 (POOLS) NONE GRAVEL / ROCK
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 3 1 0 NONE SAND / GRAVEL
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 15 5 1(POOLS) NONE SANDY MUCK
BURDENS CREEK 15 6 12 SLIGHT SAND
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 3 2 0 NONE SAND
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 4 4 1 SLIGHT SAND
NORTHEAST CREEK 15 8 12 MODERATE SAND/GRAVEL
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 3 1 0 NONE SAND
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 2 8 0 NONE GRAVEL / COBBLE
UT TO NORTHEAST CREEK 2 2 2 MODERATE SAND / GRAVEL
NOTES: 1. Streams crossed by NC 55 are listed from south to north. Their locations are shown in Figure 2
2. "UT" is an abbreviation for "Unnamed tributary"
3. 1f more than one stream is associated with a crossing, information is provided for the primary (P) stream and the secondary (S) stream.
39

5.4.3.3 Water Quality ,
The Benthic Macroinvertebrate Ambient Network (BMAN) is managed by the
Division of Water' Quality and is part of an ongoing ambient water quality monitoring
program that addresses long term trends in water quality. The program assesses water
quality by sampling for selected benthic macroinvertebrate organisms at fixed monitoring
sites. Macroinvertebrates are sensitive to subtle changes in water quality; thus, the i
species richness and overall biomass are reflections of water quality.
Several BMAN investigations have been conducted in the vicinity of the project ,
as a part of an effort to determine the effect of the Durham Triangle Wastewater
Treatment Plant on Northeast Creek. A station at SR 1102's (Sedwick Road's) crossing
of Northeast Creek (west of the project) was assigned a "Fair" rating in 1993. A station
at SR 1945's crossing of Burdens Creek (east of the project) was assigned a "Fair" rating
in 1986. These investigations have indicated that water quality upstream of the
wastewater treatment plant is "affected to some degree by urban runoff and by summer
low-flow conditions exacerbated by beaver impoundments"(DWQ 1996).
5.4.3.4 Anticipated Impacts: Water Resources
The proposed project is located primarily in the upper reaches of the Cape Fear
River Basin, so most stream crossings involve small, intermittent streams. Wetland types
and areas impacted as well as the length of stream impacts are described in Section 5.4.4.

No waters designated as Water Supply I, Water Supply II, High Quality Waters, or ,
Outstanding Resource Waters will be impacted by the widening project.
5.4.4 Section 404 Jurisdictional Areas
Surface waters and wetlands fall under the broad category of "Waters of the
United States," as defined in Section 33 of the Codified Federal Register (CFR)
Part 328.3. Wetlands, defined in 33 CFR Section 328.3, are those areas that are
inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient
to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation
typically adapted to life in saturated conditions. Any action that proposes to place fill
into these areas falls under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).

Jurisdictional wetland determinations were performed utilizing delineation criteria
prescribed in the "Corps of Engineers Wetland Determination Manual" (Environment
Laboratory, 1987). Criteria to delineate wetland sites includes evidence of hydric soils,

hydrophytic vegetation, and hydrology. Wetlands and surface waters were delineated '
during September 1998 and were located using Global Positioning System (GPS)
technology. After a field visit in October 1998, a representative of the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers (Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, Raleigh Regional Field Office) approved the
delineation, see Appendix B (page B-31). During the same field visit, the Corps of
Engineers' representative made a determination as to which stream impacts would require
mitigation. Wetlands and streams along the proposed project are shown in Figure 2. ,
5.4.4.1 Wetlands
The proposed project is anticipated to impact a total of 0.58 acres of wetlands. ,
This total wetland acreage is comprised of minimal impacts to five wetland sites, shown
in Figure 2. The impacted wetland sites are associated with Jack Branch, White Oak
Creek, Bachelor Branch, Kit Creek, and an unnamed tributary to Northeast Creek. The ,
40
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' wetlands are all considered palustrine systems, as defined by Cowardin et. al. (1979).
linear, vegetated
low
isolated vegetated pockets
,
,
These palustrine systems occur as
depressions or narrow floodplains adjacent to streams, and ponds. They vary in
vegetation composition due to disturbance and landscape position. Vegetated wetlands
occur as forests, shrub assemblages, and fringe marshes associated with pond margins.
' 5.4.4.2 Streams
The proposed project is anticipated to impact a total of 1,901 linear feet of
'
s draft
jurisdictional streams and 866 feet of non jurisdictional streams. The DWQ
"DWQ Policy Regarding Compensatory Mitigation for Stream Impact for the 401 Water
Quality Certification Program" (July 24, 1998) defines jurisdictional stream requiring
mitigation as meeting one of the following criteria: "1) a positive 7Q10 or 30Q2 flow or
i
nuous
2) where aquatic vertebrates and large invertebrates are present which require cont
"
The impacted
water (such as fish, crayfish, clams / mussels or bullfrog tadpoles).
streams are listed in Table 12 and shown in Figure 2. All of the streams are palustrine
except for Northeast Creek. Northeast Creek could be considered to support riverine
wetlands (Cowardin). However, no riverine wetlands are located in the immediate
vicinity of the project. Approximately 1,100 linear feet of the jurisdictional stream
impacts are a result of a longitudinal impact to Long Branch. The portion of Long
Branch impacted has been channelized in the past, and relocating the stream using a
'
s impact.
natural channel design (Rosgen methodology) can mitigate the project
In accordance with the Section 404 / NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act)
Interagency Agreement, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was asked to concur with the
proposed project's purpose and need, alternatives considered, recommended alternative,
' and impact minimization. On February 18, 1999, the widening of NC 55 was presented
at the monthly NCDOT-U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit Meeting. Following the
meeting, a letter was drafted soliciting the Corps' concurrence. In a letter dated March 5,
1999, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers concurred with all of aspects of the merger
agreement, see Appendix B (page B-6).
5.4.5 Permits and Mitigation
Impacts to surface waters and wetlands are anticipated from project construction.
In accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, a permit will be required from
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) for discharge of fill material into "Waters of
the United States." An Individual Section 404 permit is anticipated to be applicable for
the widening of NC 55.
Prior to the issuance of the Section 404 permit, a 401 Water Quality Certification
will be required from the Division of Water Quality. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act
requires that the state issue or deny water certification for any federally permitted or
licensed activity that may result in a discharge to "Waters of the United States."
Mitigation of stream and wetland impacts are proposed in accordance with
Section 404 (b) (1) of the Clean Water Act and other applicable regulations and
directives. Through the Section 404 / NEPA merger process, it was determined that
complete avoidance of wetland and stream impacts was not possible. During the
preliminary design of the project, impacts to streams and wetlands were minimized.
NCDOT has searched the Piedmont Portion of the Cape Fear River Basin for two
years and found few potential mitigation sites. Therefore, NCDOT requested to purchase
stream and wetland mitigation for the project from the WRP. On December 18, 1998, the
41
NCDOT wrote a letter to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding the payment of
funds to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Wetland
Restoration Program (WRP) as mitigation for the widening of NC 55's unavoidable
impacts to streams and wetlands.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers concurred with the use of the WRP to mitigate
the wetland and stream impacts of the NC 55 project in a letter dated March 5, 1999
(attached as page B-6 of Appendix B). Because the wetlands impacted by the project are
non-riparian, they must be mitigated at a 2:1 ratio. In order to mitigate the 0.58 acres of
wetland impacts presented in this document, NCDOT must pay the WRP $ 13,920. In
order to mitigate the 801 linear feet of jurisdictional stream impacts, NCDOT must pay
the WRP $ 200,250. In addition, NCDOT must relocate an 1,100-foot long section of
Long Branch using a natural channel design (Rosgen methodology). If it is determined
that the relocation of Long Branch using a natural channel design is not feasible, the
NCDOT will purchase the additional required stream mitigation from the WRP.
Efforts to minimize impacts to streams and wetlands will continue during the fmal
design phase of the project. In addition, NCDOT's Best Management Practices for the
Protection of Surface Waters and Sedimentation Control Guidelines will be strictly
enforced. If the acreage of wetland impacts or the length of stream impacts change, the
payment to the Wetland Restoration Program must be recalculated and coordinated with
the WRP and the COE.
5.4.6 Flood Hazard Evaluation
Durham and Wake Counties participate in the National Flood Insurance Program.
Several streams are crossed by the proposed project (for a listing see Table 12). NC 55
crosses five Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) designated
100-year floodplains. Three of these five crossings are located in areas where detailed
flood studies have been done. Detailed studies have been done on Kit Creek, Burdens
Creek, and Northeast Creek. The locations of the stream crossings are shown in Figure 2
and the 100-year floodplains crossed by the widening project are presented in Figures
13A through E.
According to FEMA data, NC 55 is currently overtopped during the 10-year storm
at Burdens Creek and Northeast Creek. However, according to local NCDOT
maintenance personnel and a Durham County Deputy Sheriff that patrols the route in
Durham County, the roadway has not been overtopped, even during Hurricane Fran.
Thus, it is not anticipated that the roadway will flood at these locations. However, in
order to avoid impact to the floodway and floodplain at these locations, existing roadway
elevations will be maintained. In addition, both of these crossings will require no rise
certifications. The detailed study at Kit Creek shows that the roadway is not overtopped
during the 100-year storm.
The proposed widening of NC 55 and its associated culvert extensions will not
have an adverse impact on the existing floodplain areas and will not substantially increase
any existing flood hazards.
5.4.7 Farmland
The Farmland Protection Policy Act of 1981 requires all federal agencies to
consider the impact of land acquisition and construction projects on prime and important
farmland soils, as designated by the United States Soil Conservation Service. Farmland
soils located in an urbanized area or in an area committed to urban development by the
42
J
' local governing body are exempt from the requirements of the Farmland Protection
Policy Act of 1981. The proposed widening of NC 55 is located in an intensely
urbanizing area. Although some vacant land remains in some areas, this land is slated for
residential, commercial, or industrial development. The majority of the project lies
within the municipal limits of either Apex, Cary, or Durham and is zoned for residential
and commercial development. Segments outside of those limits are slated for residential
and commercial growth by Wake (Wake County Land Use Plan) and Durham Counties
(Triangle Township Plan, Durham City-County Planning Department, October, 1993).
Therefore, no further consideration of potential impacts to farmland is required.
5.4.8 Highway Traffic Noise / Construction Noise Analysis
This analysis was performed to determine the effect of the proposed widening
project on noise levels in the immediate project area. This investigation includes an
inventory of existing noise sensitive land uses and a field survey of ambient (existing)
noise levels in the study area. It also includes a comparison of the predicted noise levels
and the ambient noise levels to determine if traffic noise impacts can be expected
resulting from the proposed project. Traffic noise impacts are determined from the
current procedures for the abatement of highway traffic noise and construction noise,
appearing as Part 772 of Title 23 in the Code of Federal Regulations. If traffic noise
impacts are predicted, examination and evaluation of alternative noise abatement
measures for reducing or eliminating the noise impacts must be considered.
5.4.8.1 Characteristics of Noise
' Noise is basically defined as unwanted sound. It is emitted from many sources,
including airplanes, factories, railroads, power generation plants, and highway vehicles.
Highway noise, or traffic noise, is usually a composite of noises from engine exhaust,
drive train, and tire-roadway interaction.
The magnitude of noise is usually described by its sound pressure. Since the
range of sound pressure varies greatly, a logarithmic scale is used to relate sound
pressures to some common reference level, usually the decibel (dB). Sound pressures
described in decibels are called sound pressure levels and are often defined in terms of
frequency weighted scales (A, B, C, or D).
The weighted-A decibel scale is used almost exclusively in vehicle noise
measurements because it places the most emphasis on the frequency range to which the
human ear is most sensitive (1,000-6,000 Hertz). Sound levels measured using a
' weighted-A decibel scale are often expressed as dBA. Throughout this report, all noise
levels will be expressed in dBA's. Several examples of noise pressure levels in dBA are
listed in Table D 1 in Appendix D.
Review of Table D-1, (Appendix D, page D-1), indicates that most individuals in
urbanized areas are exposed to fairly high noise levels from many sources as they go
about their daily activities. The degree of disturbance or annoyance of unwanted sound
' depends essentially on three factors: 1) The amount and nature of the intruding noise,
2) The relationship between the background noise and the intruding noise, and 3) The
type of activity occurring where the noise is heard.
In considering the first of these three factors, it is important to note that
individuals have different sensitivity to noise. Loud noises bother some more than others,
and some individuals become irate if an unwanted noise persists. The time patterns of
noise also enter into an individual's judgement of whether or not a noise is offensive. For
1 43

example, noises occurring during sleeping hours are usually considered to be more
offensive than the same noises in the daytime.
With regard to the second factor, individuals tend to judge the annoyance of an
unwanted noise in terms of its relationship to noise from other sources (background
noise). The blowing of a car horn at night when background noise levels are
approximately 45 dBA would generally be more objectionable than the blowing of a car
horn in the afternoon when background noises might be 55 dBA.
The third factor is related to the interference of noise with activities of individuals.
In a 60 dBA environment, normal conversation would be possible while sleep might be
difficult. Work activities requiring high levels of concentration may be interrupted by
loud noises, while activities requiring manual effort may not be interrupted to the same
degree.
Over time, particularly if the noises occur at predicted intervals and are expected,
individuals tend to accept the noises which intrude into their lives. Attempts have been
made to regulate many of these types of noises including airplane noise, factory noise,
railroad noise, and highway traffic noise. In relation to highway traffic noise, methods of
analysis and control have developed rapidly over the past few years.
5.4.8.2 Noise Abatement Criteria
In order to determine whether highway noise levels are or are not compatible with
various land uses, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed noise
abatement criteria (NAC) and procedures to be used in the planning and design of
highways. These abatement criteria and procedures are set forth in the aforementioned
Federal reference (Title 23 CFR Part 772). A summary of the noise abatement criteria for
various land uses is presented in Table D-2 on page D-2 of Appendix D. Land uses along
the project are grouped in Activity Categories B, C, and D. The Leq, or equivalent sound
level, is the level of constant sound which, in a given situation and time period, has the
same energy as does time varying sound. In other words, the fluctuating sound levels of
traffic noise are represented in terms of a steady noise level with the same energy content.
5.4.8.3 Ambient Noise Levels
Ambient noise measurements were taken at nine locations to determine the
existing background noise levels in the vicinity of the project. The purpose of this noise
level information was to quantify the existing acoustic environment and to provide a base
for assessing the impact of noise level increases. The existing Leq noise level along
NC 55 as measured at 50 feet from the roadway ranged from 64.0 to 70.4 dBA. The
ambient measured exterior Leq noise levels are presented in Table D-3 in Appendix D
(page D-2).
The existing roadway and traffic conditions were used with the STAMINA
2.0 / OPTIMA computer model in order to calculate existing noise levels for comparison
with noise levels actually measured. The calculated existing noise levels were within 0.8
to 2.3 dBA of the measured noise levels. Differences in dBA levels can be attributed to
"bunching" of vehicles, low traffic volumes, and actual vehicle speeds versus the
computer's "evenly-spaced" vehicles and single vehicular speed.
44

1
lJ

1

I

f'.

5.4.8.4 Future Traffic Noise Impacts
The STAMINA 2.0 model was run under a `worst-case' condition to determine
the maximum distances from NC 55 to the 66 dBA Leq and 71 dBA Leq noise contours.
Terrain features between the roadway and receptors were not included in the model.
' Table D-5 in Appendix D (page D-4) shows the maximum extent of the year 2023
66 dBA Leq and 71 dBA Leq noise contours under the proposed build condition. Any
Category B receptors located within the 66 dBA Leq noise contour distance and any
' Category C receptors located within the 71 dBA Leq noise contour distance were
considered to be potentially impacted by noise. As shown in Table D-5, the maximum
extent of these noise level contours vary, depending on the segment of NC 55 modeled.
These variations are due to the changing traffic conditions along the roadway. The
highest noise levels are predicted to occur between future I-540 (projected to cross NC 55
between Alston Ave and TW Alexander Dr) and TW Alexander Drive. Along this
segment, the 66 dBA Leq noise contour is about 207 feet from the centerline of NC 55.
The 71 dBA Leq noise contour is about 111 feet from the centerline.
Table D-5 also lists the total number of Category B and Category C receptors
potentially impacted by future 2023 noise under the Build Alternative. These receptors
include existing noise-sensitive land uses and noise-sensitive land uses observed to be
under construction at the time of the analysis. As shown in the table, 114 Category B
receptors, 21 Category C receptors, and 1 Category E receptor would be potentially
impacted by traffic noise under the Build Alternative.
In accordance with the NCDOT Traffic Noise Abatement Policy, the
Federal/State governments are not responsible for providing noise abatement measures
for new development for which building permits are issued within the noise impact area
of a proposed highway after the Date of Public Knowledge. The Date of Public
I Knowledge of the location of a proposed roadway project is the approval date of the final
environmental document, or the Design Public Hearing, whichever comes later. For
development occurring after this public knowledge date, local governing bodies are
responsible to insure that noise compatible designs are used along the proposed facility.
The information contained in Table D-5 should assist the local authorities in
exercising land use control over the remaining undeveloped lands adjacent to NC 55
within local jurisdiction. For example, with the proper information on noise, the local
authorities can prevent further development of incompatible activities and land uses
within the predicted noise levels of the adjacent roadway.
' Traffic noise exposures predicted at individual receptor locations along NC 55 are
listed in Table D-6 in Appendix D (pages D-5 through D-11). These are worst-case noise
levels that do not take into account noise reductions due to terrain features and other
barriers that likely exist around many of the receptors. Table D6 includes the estimated
existing 1998 noise level for the modeled receptor and the predicted 2023 noise levels
under the No-Build and Build conditions. Tables D-7 and D-8 in Appendix D (pages
D-12 and D-13) provide traffic noise level increase summaries for build and no build
conditions.
' 5.4.8.5 Noise Abatement Measures
Traffic noise impacts occur when the predicted traffic noise levels either: [a]
approach or exceed the FHWA noise abatement criteria (with "approach" meaning within
1 dBA of the Table D-2 value), or [b] substantially exceed the existing noise levels. The
45

NCDOT definition of substantial increase is shown in the lower portion of Table D-2
(page D-2 of Appendix D). Consideration for noise abatement measures must be given to
receptors that fall in either category. There are three types of abatement measures that
can be implemented to reduce traffic noise: highway alignment modifications, traffic
system management measures, and construction of noise barriers. As described below,
none of these measures is reasonable and feasible for this project.
Highway Alignment
Highway alignment selection involves the horizontal or vertical orientation of the
proposed improvements in such a way as to minimize impacts and costs. The selection of
alternative alignments for noise abatement purposes must consider the balance between
noise impacts and other engineering and environmental parameters. For noise abatement,
horizontal alignment selection is primarily a matter of siting the roadway at a sufficient
distance from noise sensitive areas. Since the proposed project calls for widening an
existing roadway, the existing alignment cannot be adjusted to lower noise impacts
without increased project costs and environmental impacts.
Traffic System Management Measures
Traffic management measures which limit vehicle type, speed, volume, and time
of operations are often effective noise abatement measures. For this project, traffic
management measures are not considered appropriate for noise abatement due to their
effect on the capacity and level-of-service on the proposed roadway.
Noise Barriers
Physical measures to abate anticipated traffic noise levels could often be applied
with a measurable degree of success by the application of solid mass, attenuable measures
to effectively diffract, absorb, and reflect highway traffic noise emissions. Solid mass,
attenuable measures may include earth berms or artificial abatement walls.
For a noise barrier to provide sufficient noise reduction it must be high enough
and long enough to shield the receptor from significant sections of the highway. Access
openings in the barrier severely reduce the noise reduction provided by the barrier. It
then becomes economically unreasonable to construct a barrier for a small noise
reduction. Noise walls are constructed when their cost per benefited receptor is $ 25,000
or less. Safety at access openings (driveways, crossing streets, etc.) due to restricted sight
distance is also a concern. Furthermore, to provide a sufficient reduction, a barrier's
length would normally be 8 times the distance from the barrier to the receptor. For
example, a receptor located 50 feet from the barrier would normally require a barrier 400
feet long. An access opening of 40 feet (10 percent of the area) would limit its noise
reduction to approximately 4 dBA (Fundamentals and Abatement of Highway Traffic
Noise, Report No. FHWA-HIE-HEV-73-7976-1, USDOT, chapter 5, section 3.2, page
5-27).
Noise barriers were considered for each impacted receptor and determined not to be
reasonable and feasible. Barriers were not considered reasonable for the impacted
businesses along NC 55 because the gaps in barriers created by driveways accessing
NC 55 would degrade the effectiveness of a barrier. Most businesses can only be
accessed from NC 55. Most of the impacted businesses along NC 55 are isolated, making
barrier construction not cost effective. Barriers often block signage that advertises the
business. The businesses along NC 55 do not appear to have long-term outdoor use areas
that would be affected by elevated noise levels. Typically, these businesses have air
46

1

' conditioning, which allows windows to remain closed, providing effective noise
insulation to indoor use areas.
With the exception of some residential receptors in subdivisions south of Green
Hope School Road, most impacted residential receptors along NC 55 are isolated from
one another. These isolated uses have existing driveways connecting to NC 55. These
driveways would require gaps in noise barriers that would degrade the effectiveness of
the barriers. Also, as stated in the NCDOT Noise Abatement Guidelines, it is not cost
effective to provide noise barriers for isolated receptors.
Barriers were determined not reasonable for impacted receptors grouped in
subdivisions because access is uncontrolled and the small change in noise levels predicted
' between the existing and future years. The NCDOT Noise Abatement Guidelines state
barriers are reasonable only if changes in noise levels exceed 3 decibels.
5.4.8.6 Construction Noise
The major construction elements of this protect are expected to be earth removal,
hauling, grading, and paving. General construction noise impacts, such as temporary
' speech interference for passers-by and those individuals living or working near the
project, can be expected particularly from paving operations and from the earth moving
equipment during grading operations. However, considering the relatively short-term
nature of construction noise and, generally, the limitation of construction to daytime
hours, these impacts are not expected to be substantial.
5.4.8.7 Summary
Based on these preliminary studies, traffic noise abatement is not recommended,
and no noise abatement measures are proposed. This evaluation completes the highway
traffic noise requirements of Title 23 CFR Part 772, and unless a major project change
develops, no additional noise reports will be submitted for this project.
5.4.9 Air Quality Analysis
5.4.9.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards
' The Federal Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended (42 USC 750(c)), was enacted for
the purposes of protecting and enhancing the quality of the nation's air resources to
benefit pubic health, welfare, and productivity.
In 1971, in order to achieve the purposes of Section 109 of the Act, the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established primary and secondary
national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). Six pollutants of concern were
' designated: ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and
suspended particulate matter. North Carolina has adopted these national standards for the
state.
Table 13 lists the state and federal standards. The primary standards are set at a
limit intended to "protect the public health with an adequate margin of safety," and the
secondary standards are set at a limit intended to "protect the public welfare from known
or anticipated adverse effects (effects to aesthetics, crops, architecture, etc.)" (Federal
Clean Air Quality 1990:Section 109). The primary standards are established, with a
margin of safety, considering long-term exposures for the most sensitive groups in the
' general population (i.e., children, senior citizens, people with breathing difficulties).
47

TABLE 13. STATE AND FEDERAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Pollutant Averaging Time Primary Standard' Secondary North Carolina
Standard Standard
1 Hour' 0.12 ppm Same as primary Same as primary
Ozone (03) 8 Hours2 0.08 ppm Same as primary Same as primary
1 Hour 35 ppm None Same as primary
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 Hours 9 ppm None Same as primary
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Annual Average 0.053 ppm Same as primary Same as primary
24 Hours 0.14 ppm None Same as primary
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Annual Average 0.030 ppm None Same as primary
3 Hours None 0.50 ppm Same as primary
Annual Average 15 µg/m3 Same as primary Same as primary
Particulate Matter
(PM-2.5)3 24 Hours 65 µg/ m3 Same as primary Same as primary
Particulate Matter Annual Average 50 µg/m3 Same as primary Same as primary
(PM-10)3 24 Hours 150 µg/m3 Same as primary Same as primary
Lead (Pb)
Quarterly Arithmetic
Mean
1.5 µg/m3
Same as primary
Same as primary
1) ppm = parts per million
2) µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter
3) The 8-hour standard is the new standard effective July 17, 1997. The 1-hour standard "will not be revoked in a given
area until that area has achieved 3 consecutive years of air quality data meeting the 1-hour standard." (US EPA Internet
Site: www.rtpnc.epa.gov/naagsfm/o3fact.htm). PM-10 includes particulates less than 10 microns in diameter. PM-2.5
includes particulates less than 2.5 microns in diameter.
5.4.9.2 Conformity Issues
The project is located in Wake and Durham Counties, which are within the
Raleigh-Durham nonattainment area for ozone and carbon monoxide (CO), as defined by
the EPA. The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments designated this area as a `moderate'
nonattainment area for both ozone and CO. However, due to improved monitoring data,
this area was redesignated as `maintenance' for ozone on June 17, 1994, and
`maintenance' for CO on September 18, 1995.
Section 176(c) of the Clean Air Act Amendments requires that transportation
plans, programs, and projects conform to the intent of the state air quality implementation
plan (SIP). The current SIP does not contain any transportation control measures for
Wake or Durham Counties. The Capital Area 1996 Transportation Improvement
Program (TIP), which includes Wake County, has been determined to conform to the
intent of the SIP. The US Department of Transportation approval date for the
Transportation Plan is April 4, 1997, and October 1, 1997 for the Transportation
Improvement Program.
Durham County is part of the Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro TIP. The US
Department of Transportation approval date for the Transportation Plan is February 2,
1997, and October 1, 1997 for the Transportation Improvement Program. On
December 14, 1998, the Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro metropolitan transportation
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planning process was conditionally certified by the US Department of Transportation,
Federal Highway Administration for a period of 18 months.
The current conformity determinations are consistent with the final conformity
rule found in 40 CFR Part 51. There have been no significant changes in the project's
design concept or scope, as used in the conformity analysis.
5.4.9.3 Emissions Sources
Air pollution originates from various sources, with emissions from industrial
processes and internal combustion engines the most prevalent sources. Other sources of
outdoor air pollution are solid waste disposal and combustion and any form of fire. The
impact resulting from highway construction ranges from intensifying existing air
pollution problems to improving the ambient air conditions.
Traffic is the center of concern when determining the impact of new roadway
facilities, or the improvement of roadway facilities. Motor vehicles emit carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and lead
(listed in order of decreasing emission rate). Automobiles are considered to be the major
source of CO in the project area. For this reason, most of the analysis presented is
concerned with determining expected CO levels in the vicinity of the project due to traffic
flow.
Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted from vehicles are carried into the
atmosphere where they react with sunlight to form ozone and nitrogen dioxide.
Automotive emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are expected to decrease in
the future due to continued installation and maintenance of pollution control devices on
new vehicles. However, in regard to area-wide emissions, these technological
improvements may be offset by the increasing number of vehicles on the transportation
facilities in the region.
Ozone is the main component of smog. Since ozone is formed by chemical
interactions with sunlight, ozone concentrations are generally higher during the daytime
and in late spring through early fall when temperatures are above 60 degrees Fahrenheit
and sunlight is more intense. In North Carolina, the ozone `season' is April through
October (NC DAQ, 1995:p. 29). The photochemical reactions which form ozone and
nitrogen dioxide require several hours to occur. For this reason, the peak levels of ozone
generally occur 6 to 12 miles downwind of a hydrocarbon or nitrogen oxide source.
Urban areas as a whole are regarded as sources of ozone precursors, not individual streets
and highways.
Automobiles are not regarded as significant sources of particulate matter and
sulfur dioxide. Nationwide, highway sources account for less than 7 percent of
particulate matter emissions and less than 2 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions.
Particulate matter and sulfur dioxide emissions are predominantly the result of
non-highway sources such as industrial processes and commercial and agricultural
activities. Because emissions of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide from automobiles
are very low, there is no reason to suspect that traffic along the proposed project would
cause air quality standards for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide to be exceeded.
Automobiles without catalytic converters can burn regular gasoline. The burning
of regular gasoline emits lead. Newer cars with catalytic converters burn unleaded
gasoline, eliminating lead emissions. The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments made the
49

sale, supply, or transport of leaded gasoline or lead additives unlawful after December 31,
1995. Because of these reasons, it is not expected that traffic on the proposed project
would cause the air quality standards for lead to be exceeded.
5.4.9.4 Analysis Methodology
Carbon monoxide concentrations at a receptor near a roadway are comprised of
two components; local and background concentrations. The local concentration is the
carbon monoxide emissions from motor vehicles on roadways in proximity to a receptor
(within 300 feet). The background concentration is defined by the North Carolina
Division of Air Quality (NC DAQ) as the concentration at a receptor that is the result of
emissions outside the local vicinity.
The background, or ambient, concentrations vary by region and are based on air
quality monitoring data and regional modeling. For the project area, the background
hourly average carbon monoxide concentration is 1.8 ppm and the persistence factor is
0.60 (NC DAQ, 1995:p.54). Estimates of 8-hour average concentrations are calculated
by multiplying the 1-hour average levels by the persistence factor, which accounts for
variations in traffic and meteorological conditions over time.
The local, microscale carbon monoxide concentrations were estimated using the
EPA's line source model CAL3QHC (1992), with input from the EPA's emission factor
model MOBILE5a (US EPA, 1993). The model results are added to the background
concentration to estimate the total 1-hour and 8-hour carbon monoxide concentrations at a
receptor near a roadway. These total values are then compared to the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards to determine whether the receptor would experience air quality
impacts.
The 2003 and 2023 morning and evening peak hour build conditions at two
intersections and two segments were modeled. The intersections and segments modeled
in the areas are predicted to be the most congested along the project length. Modeled
locations in Wake County were; the NC 55/SR 1615 (High House Road) intersection and
the NC 55 segment just south of Alston Avenue. The modeled locations in Durham
County were; the NC 55/SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) intersection and the segment of
NC 55 between Meridian Parkway and Carpenter-Fletcher Road.
5.4.9.5 Predicted Carbon Monoxide Concentrations
The Technical Memorandum - Air Quality Assessment (February 1999) prepared
for this project, predicted 1-hour and 8-hour average maximum carbon monoxide
concentrations for receptors modeled near the two intersections and for receptors modeled
along the two NC 55 segments. The model results indicate that state and federal ambient
carbon monoxide standards would not be exceeded in 2003 or 2023 with construction of
the proposed project.
At the NC 55/SR 1615 (High House Road) intersection in Wake County, the
highest carbon monoxide concentrations are predicted to occur in 2023 in the northwest
and southeast corners of the intersection. The carbon monoxide concentrations at both
these locations are predicted to be 5.2 ppm for the 1-hour average and 3.0 ppm for the 8-
hour average. These predicted concentrations are well below the NAAQS of 35 ppm for
a 1-hour average and 9 ppm for an 8-hour average.
Along the free-flowing segment of NC 55 south of Alston Avenue in Wake
County, the highest carbon monoxide concentrations are predicted to occur in 2023 at the
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closest receptor, which is 10 feet from the edge of pavement. The carbon monoxide
concentration at this location is predicted to be 3.8 ppm for the 1-hour average and 2.3
ppm for the 8-hour average; well below the NAAQS.
At the NC 55/SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) intersection in Durham County, the
highest carbon monoxide concentrations are predicted to occur in 2023 in the northeast
corner of the intersection. The carbon monoxide concentrations at this location is
predicted to be 6.2 ppm for the 1-hour average and 3.7 ppm for the 8-hour average.
These predicted concentrations are well below the NAAQS of 35 ppm for a 1-hour
average and 9 ppm for an 8-hour average.
Along the free-flowing segment of NC 55 between Meridian Parkway and
Carpenter-Fletcher Road in Durham County, the highest carbon monoxide concentrations
are predicted to occur in 2023 at the closest receptor, which is 10 feet from the edge of
pavement. The carbon monoxide concentration at this location is predicted to be 3.6 ppm
for the 1-hour average and 2.2 ppm for the 8-hour average; well below the NAAQS.
The maximum carbon monoxide concentrations at the NC 55/SR 1615 (High
House Road) intersection, and along the modeled NC 55 segment, are predicted to be
higher in 2023 than in 2003, even though emissions from future individual vehicles are
expected to be lower. The higher concentrations in 2023 are due to the increase in
projected traffic volumes.
5.4.9.6 Construction Air Quality
During construction of the proposed project, all materials resulting from clearing
and grubbing, demolition, or other operations will be removed from the project site and
burned or otherwise disposed of by the contractor. Any burning will be accomplished in
accordance with applicable laws, local ordinances and regulations of the North Carolina
State Implementation Plan for air quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520. Care
will be taken to ensure that burning will occur under constant supervision, at the greatest
practical distance from dwellings, and not when atmospheric conditions would create
hazards for the public.
During construction, measures will be taken to reduce dust generated by
construction when the control of dust is necessary for the protection and comfort of
motorists and area residents. These dust suppression measures may include watering
unpaved work area and covering stockpiled materials.
1 5.4.10 Hazardous Materials
A field reconaissance survey was conducted along NC 55 within the limits of the
' project to identify potentially environmentally hazardous facilities. In addition to the
field survey, a file search of appropriate environmental agencies was conducted to
identify any known problem sites along the project.
' Nine properties with possible underground storage tank (UST) involvement were
identified during the field survey. Five of the nine UST facilities are currently active, one
UST site is under construction, and three UST facilities are inactive. Each of the UST
' sites are described below.
• Texaco / Car Wash: This active gasoline service station / car wash is located
in the northeast quadrant of the intersection of NC 55 and US 64. Five USTs
1 51
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containing gasoline and diesel fuel are used by the facility. Each of these
tanks holds at least 3,500 gallons. Ten pump islands are located
approximately 120 feet from NC 55's existing edge of pavement.
• Old Gas Station / Tire Store: An old gas station and tire store is located on the
east side of NC 55, just north of SR 1615 (High House Road). An abandoned
pump island is located approximately 90 feet from NC 55's existing edge of
pavement. This site will require a preliminary site assessment (PSA) and a
geophysical survey of the property to identify UST locations.
• Edward's Grocery: This active gas station, grocery, and hardware store is
located in the southwest quadrant of the intersection of NC 55 and SR 1624
(Carpenter-Fire Station Road). According to the Division of Water Quality
(DWQ) registry, four USTs are in use at the site. A pump island and canopy
are located approximately 75 feet from NC 55's edge of pavement. Due to
minor soil contamination caused by the past leakage of one or more of the
tanks, the site is listed by the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) as
Groundwater Incident Number 15996.
• Texaco / Carpenter Deli & Food Mart: This active gas station is located in the
northwest quadrant of the intersection of NC 55 and SR 1624 (Carpenter-Fire
Station Road). Four USTs containing gasoline and diesel fuel are in use at the
site. The tank pit is located approximately 60 feet from NC 55's existing edge
of pavement. Due to the presence of contaminated soils and a failed tank
tightness test, this site is listed by the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) as
Groundwater Incident Number 5751 (Carpenter Auto).
Anthony's Clock Store: Anthony's Clock Store, located on the east side of
NC 55 at 6515 Highway 55, was formerly a gas station. Reportedly, USTs
were removed from the property 20 years ago, and there is some evidence of
UST removal at the site. Two vent pipes are located on the south side of the
building. The former tank pit is located approximately 80 feet from NC 55's
existing edge of pavement.
• Amoco / Capi's Subs: This active gas station and restaurant is located in the
southwest quadrant of NC 55 and SR 1102 (Sedwick Road). The tank pit is
located approximately 70 feet from NC 55's existing edge of pavement.
According to the DWQ registry, four USTs containing gasoline and diesel fuel
are in use at the site.
Honda Specialist Auto Service: This automobile repair business is located in
the southwest quadrant of the intersection of NC 55 and SR 1182
(Carpenter-Fletcher Road). The site will require a geophysical survey to
determine the presence and location of any USTs. Evidence of UST removal
is present approximately 81 feet from NC 55's existing edge of pavement.
Behind the business are approximately eleven drums of anti-freeze and a 500-
gallon waste oil above ground storage tank.
• Exxon / Town and Country No. 4: This active gas station / convenience store
is located in the southeast quadrant of the intersection of NC 55 and SR 1121
(Cornwallis Road). There are currently five USTs in use at the site. Four
10,000-gallon tanks hold gasoline and diesel fuel. One 4,000-gallon tank
contains kerosene. The diesel fuel UST and pump are located approximately
45 feet from Cornwallis Road's existing edge of pavement. The other USTs
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are located in a tank pit approximately 75 feet from NC 55's edge of pavement
and 50 feet from Cornwallis Road's edge of pavement. This site is listed as
Groundwater Incident Number 3,198 (Town and Country) with the DWQ
because of a past release of gasoline and motor oil at the site.
• Service Station Under Construction: This new service station is being
constructed in the southwest quadrant of the intersection of NC 55 and
SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road). Five USTs are currently being installed.
Reportedly, the USTs are 10,000 gallons in size and will be used to store
' gasoline and diesel fuel.
According to Division of Water Quality records, no regulated or non-regulated
' landfills or dumpsites are located within the project vicinity.
During final design of the project, efforts will be made to avoid and minimize
impacts to UST sites. If impacts to the above UST sites cannot be avoided, preliminary
' site assessments will be performed as soon as possible so that the degree and extent of
contamination can be assessed prior to right of way acquisition.
5.4.11 Construction Impacts
In order to minimize potential adverse effects caused by construction, the
following measures, along with those already mentioned, will be enforced during the
construction of the proposed project:
• All possible measures will be taken to ensure that the public's health and
' safety will not be compromised during the movement of any materials to and
from construction sites along the project and that any inconveniences imposed
on the public will be kept to a minimum.
• Dust control will be exercised at all times to prevent endangering the safety
and general welfare of the public and to prevent diminishing the value, utility,
or appearance of any public or private property.
• The contractor shall be required to observe and comply with all laws,
ordinances, regulations, orders, and decrees, including those of the North
Carolina State Board of Health, regarding the disposal of solid waste. All
solid waste will be disposed of in accordance with the Standard Specifications
of the Division of Highways. These specifications have been reviewed and
approved by the Solid Waste Vector Control Section of the Division of Health
Services, North Carolina Department of Human Resources.
• Waste and debris will be disposed of in areas outside of the right of way and
provided by the contractor, unless otherwise required by the plans or special
provisions or unless disposal within the right of way is permitted by the
NCDOT. Disposal of waste and debris in active public waste or disposal areas
will not be permitted without prior approval by the NCDOT.
• The construction of the project is not expected to cause any serious
disruptions in service to any of the utilities serving the area. Before
construction is started, a preconstruction conference involving the contractor,
pertinent local officials, and the Division of Highways will be held to discuss
various construction procedures, including a discussion of precautionary steps
53
to be taken during the time of construction that will minimize interruption of
utility services.
• Prior to construction, a determination will be made regarding the need to
relocate or adjust any existing utilities in the project area. A determination as
to whether the North Carolina Department of Transportation or the utility
owner will be responsible for this work will be made at that time.
• During construction of the proposed project, all materials resulting from
clearing and grubbing, demolition, or other operations will be removed from
the project, burned, or otherwise disposed of by the contractor. Any burning
will be done in accordance with applicable local laws and ordinances and
regulations of the North Carolina State Implementation Plan for Air Quality.
Care will be taken to ensure burning will be done at the greatest distance
practicable from dwellings and not when atmospheric conditions are such as
to create a hazard to the public. Burning will be performed under constant
surveillance.
• The contractor will devise an erosion control schedule before work is started.
The schedule will show the time relationship between phases of the work
which must be coordinated to reduce erosion and shall describe construction
practices and temporary erosion control measures which will be used to
minimize erosion. In conjunction with the erosion control schedule, the
contractor will be required to follow those provisions of the plans and
specifications that pertain to erosion and siltation. Temporary erosion control
measures such as the use of berms, dikes, dams, and silt basins will be used as
needed.
• Prior to the approval of any borrow source developed for use on this project,
the contractor shall obtain a certification from the North Carolina Department
of Cultural Resources certifying that the removal of material from the borrow
source will have no effect on any known district, site, building, structure, or
object that is included or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of
Historic Places. A copy of this certification shall be furnished to the Engineer
prior to performing any work on the proposed borrow site.
• Traffic service in the immediate project area may be subjected to brief
disruption during construction of the project. Every effort will be made to
ensure that the transportation needs of the public will be met both during and
after construction.
54

6.0 COMMENTS AND COORDINATION
6.1 Comments Received from Federal, State, and Local Agencies
The proposed project has been coordinated with appropriate federal, state, and
Comments were requested from the municipalities and
local municipalities and agencies
.
agencies listed below. Asterisks denote that written responses were received and are
included in Appendix C.

*Town of Cary
Town of Apex
Town of Morrisville
*City of Durham
City of Raleigh
Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization
*Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
Durham County Commissioners
Wake County Commissioners
Wake County Schools
Durham County Schools
Triangle J Council of Governments
*N.C. Department of Cultural Resources
*N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources:
*North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
' *Division of Water Quality
*Raleigh Regional Office
*Division of Land Resources
N.C. Department of Public Instruction
*N.C. Department of Administration -- State Clearinghouse
*U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Raleigh
*U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Wilmington
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- Atlanta
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service -- Raleigh
U.S. Geological Survey -- Raleigh
' Research Triangle Foundation
6.2 Citizens Informational Workshop
' A Citizens Informational Workshop was held on March 16, 1999 at the fire
station located at the intersection of NC 55 and SR 1624 (Carpenter-Fire Station Road).
The purpose of the workshop was to present the proposed improvements to the
community and solicit comments and input from local citizens. Approximately 160
citizens attended the workshop, which was advertised three times in the Raleigh News
and Observer, The Durham Herald Sun, The Cary News, The Apex Her , Carolina
Times, Neig bors, The Carolinian, once in La Conexion, anannounce oug a ne
newsletter. A reproduction o one of the advertisements is included in Appendix C. The
newsletter is also included. The newsletter was mailed on February 26, 1999 to
' approximately 200 residences and businesses along the project corridor
Each attendee was given the opportunity to review aerial photographs and maps
showing the proposed improvements to NC 55 and ask questions and make comments. In
' addition, handouts were available to all meeting attendees. These handouts, which are
1 55

included Appendix C, included a description of the project, a cost estimate for the project,
current project schedules, and a comment sheet which could be completed and returned to
the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
Comments received on the proposed improvements were generally favorable.
Most citizens recognized the need for the proposed widening project and would like to
see the schedule for the project advanced. Several citizens also commented that the
Western Wake Freeway should be built as soon as possible. Residents along the route
were concerned about impacts to their properties although they recognized the need for
the project. Triangle Brick expressed a concern that a median opening was not provided
at the main entrance to their business. During final design, efforts will be made to
continue to minimize impacts to businesses and property owners. Many citizens asked
about future traffic signals along the project. They were told that NCDOT will do
additional investigations during final design to determine where traffic signals are
warranted. Roads that citizens requested signals on included SR 1624 (Carpenter-Fire
Station Road), SR 1621 (Good Hope School Road), and SR 3014 (Morrisville-Carpenter
Road).
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1 7.0 BASIS FOR CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
The proposed widening of NC 55 to a multilane facility will increase the traffic
carrying capacity and reduce congestion so the route may serve its function as a major
thoroughfare and a principal arterial to the Research Triangle Park. Based upon the
study of impacts contained within this document and comments from federal state and
local agencies, it is determined that the project will not have a significant impact upon
the quality of the human or natural environment. The project is not controversial from
an environmental standpoint. No significant impacts on natural, ecological, cultural, or
scenic resources are expected. No significant impact on air or water quality or on
ambient noise levels is expected. The project is consistent with local plans and will not
divide or disrupt the communities along the project. The proposed project will have no
' effect on any historic properties listed or eligible for listing in the National Register of
Historic Places. The proposed improvements will have no effect on federally listed
threatened or endangered species. The widening project is anticipated to require
additional right of way and easements in some locations; however, no businesses or
' residences are anticipated to be relocated. The proposed project is not anticipated to
result in any significant impacts to the natural or human environment and is considered
to be a "categorical exclusion", as defined by the Federal Highway Administration's
' environmental guidelines (23 CFR 771.117).
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------ ------
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v ?
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?SR 1160 ?o on
¦ CFNTi?..
North Carolina - Departrnent of Transportation

LEGEND Division of Highways
? Project Development and Ernrironmental Analysis Branch
EXISTING PROPOSED
INTERSTATEIFREEWAY FIGURE 9
MAJOR THOROUGHFARE ??¦ _•¦•_¦____• THOROUGHFARE PLAN - WAKE COUNTY
MINOR THOROUGHFARE Widening of NC 55 from US 64
PLANNING AREA BOUNDARY to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
SOURCE: NCDOT, Division of Highways, NOT TO SCALE
Planning and Environmental Branch, May, 1992.
1
! I
s ,? Q
PK1NY
Y.- nr O? ? 'n• ? ? ? y .
x
r•r
ju,
K 4
i • j r
10C 34
ff ? ? P? RO
- 55 t °F
O .?
j? ?4 ,:
i J.?
W*'ff KOM 110.
00
a 0Ufit4AM CO. - , ?co
(:KATH" CO WAKE CQ .
lop
FAr vlcuE no. . ?j? .
LEGEND
THOROUHGFARES EXISTING PROPOSED North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
' FREEWAYS ¦ t ¦ ¦ ¦
MAJOR wwww a FIGURE 10
MINOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - DURHAM
INTERCHANGE ? Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
GRADE SEPARATION 0 t? Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
SOURCE: NCDOT, Division of Highways, NOT TO SCALE
Planning and Environmental Branch, October, 1991.
W

11
CD X\'?;?55
64

LEGEND
Commercial Apex Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Industrial Cary Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Institutional Wake County
Mixed Use
Park / Open Space
Residential
I SOURCE: Town of Apex Planning Department GIs Data, Jan 21, 1999.
F_ I
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 11A
EXISTING LAND USE -APEX
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
2000 0 2000 4000 Feet
I ,

a
??
Z
m
l

t

purhirn Couy
Wane :C r
`Irian
9.
1
f'• '.
c;
?1.
:::
k
E 55 a
Z2 ?-J,?,)-

C-? Agricultural
Commercial
Industrial
Institutional
Lake
l Office
Open Space
Park
SOURCE: Town of Cary Planning
Department GIS Data, 1999, and
Wake County GIS Data, 1999.
..
LEGEND
;?. Residential - Estate A
Residential - High Density
Residential - Medium Density
Residential - Medium/Low Density
Residential - Low Density
Residential - Very Low Density
Vacant
RTP and MorrisvilleTownships
Existing Greenway
Planned Greenway
Proposed Greenway
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 11B
EXISTING LAND USE - CARY
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
5000 0 5000 10000 Feet

7 C
?ARB??. ,
RD '
• • . .
41 s • • + • i •
• of,
4z, 7t
? ?.') i
.17 T y i . i

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. . 0
?y ?
.2 3??
1 t
y'F

55
Q

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/ '- I
T
rt.
PAR
R
11 9
_ J-
Wake County

LEGEND
0 Residential - Research Undeveloped
Rural Density
Residential - Industrial Floodplain
Low Density
F 7= Residential -
Medium Density Institutional Body of Water
Residential -
High Density
Recreational
Commercial l 1 1 1 V I RTP Boundary
City Limits
Office
? r
k*1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII6..'r Urban Growth Boundary
Agricultural `VJMtJ§JJ County Line
SOURCE: "Triangle Township Plan" Durham
City-County Planning Department, 1993.

North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 11C
EXISTING LAND USE - SOUTH DURHAM
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
2 0' X000 Feet

LEGEND
Residential - Low Density Agncultural
Residential - Medium Density ® Water
Residential - High Density 0 Recreational
`- Commercial OWN Community Plan Area Boundary
Industrial
City Limits
®?ID Institutional Extraterritorial Area
SOURCE: "South Durham Plan" Planning and
Community Development, City of Durham, 1986.
<
N
'PO
79)

North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 11D
EXISTING LAND USE - SOUTH DURHAM
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
1600 0 1600 3200 Feet
t
t
Indian Wells Rd
Warehouses
Ferrell's Store
(Former) Farmers' Store
I House
LEGEND
55
N
O
i
td
x
U)
U

- - - - - Boundary of
Carpenter Historic District

V t
I

C. F. Ferrell House
I
--- ;--A. carpenter mouse

L

s r
U
Q
-D
I
N
W William H. Carpenter
R House
UI

I
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
SOURCE: "Phase II (Intensive Level) Architectural Survey and Evaluations
of Eligibility," Mattson, Alexander and Associates, Inc. 15 February, 1999.
FIGURE 12
CARPENTER HISTORIC DISTRICT
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
300 0 300 600 Feet

FIGURE 13
WAKE?? 64 FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
BEGIN \ to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
PROJECT -- ; Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
ApeX
1 0 1 2 Miles
e
55
w .
A
BEGIN PROJECT
Y';?13
374
ZONE X
NE X
LEGEND
Zone AE -
100-Year Floodplain
Zone X -
500-Year Floodplain
I SOURCE: FEMA, Flood Insurance Rate Map,
Community Panel Number 37183CO480 E, March 3, 1992.
\9_L'
ZONE AE-----
33
I qC ?: 329)
,qe

ZONE X 347 --_ _ -oio -
j n---ZONE X
s
Aa=} N
--
341
r, I V

,q0
`ZONE X
Beaver Creek
(&wn 27. Stream 2)
?qc
q'??
ZONE X
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
'I
FIGURE 13A
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
800 0 800 1600

I,

370238
ZONE X
Town of Cary
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
370238
55
,.
z;?
Q
0
'
O
U
aC"z
3 '
.e County
porated Areas I
370368 S irk
rC(38P0/?A ? _
?l/yI r
I
Wake County
Unincorporated Areas
370368

res CORPORA
Town of Cary
370238
Wake County
Unincorporated Areas
370368
White Oak Creek
(Basin 2 .8, 1)
ZONE X
LEGEND
Zone A -
100-Year Floodplain
F7Zone X -
Outside 500-Year Floodplain
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 13B
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
SOURCE: FEMA, Flood Insurance Rate Map,
Community Panel Number 37183CO290 E, March 3, 1992.
800 0 800 1600
1
1
1
X
ZONE X i "'
Q
uas

55
ZONE AE
"\\ I ZONE X
X251 RM27
ZONE X Kit Creek
(!Basin 29, Stream 7)
LEGEND
Zone A -
100-Year Floodplain
Zone X -
500-Year Floodplain
Zone X -
Outside 500-Year Floodplain
SOURCE: FEMA, Flood Insurance Rate Map,
Community Panel Number 3718300280 E, March 3, 1992.
ZONE X ZONE AE
?RM28 ( ZONE X
RM28
ZONE
I V ?
I a
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 13C
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
800 0 800 1600
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q
ZONE A6
NE
CO)

55
LIMIT OF DETAILED STUDY
ZONE C
Al
O
?
NE
ZONE A4
OF DETAILED
STUDY
1

ZONE A3
ZONE C
N
266
ZONE A5
LIMIT O
DETAILED S
261
LIMIT OF'
DETAILED STUDY
/I
LEGEND
Zone A3, A6, A7 -
100-Year Floodplain
E:1 Zone B -
500-Year Floodplain
Zone C -
Areas of Minimal Flooding
SOURCE: FEMA, Flood Insurance Rate Map,
Community-Panel Numbers 370085 0070 A, February 15, 1979.
i North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 13D
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
1000 0 1000 2000 Feet
ZONE C
272
2 70
ZONE A2?
ZONE C
I 1162
OttE C
LIMIT OF DETAILED
LIMIT OF DETAILED
.STUDY
55 I
ZONE
OF DETAILED STUDY
ZONE A N
NE A
c!
ZONE C
ZONE C
260
0
19A5
Lowes Grove

LEGEND
Zone A2, A3, A6, A8 -
100-Year Floodplain
E:::] Zone B -
500-Year Floodplain
F Zone C -
Areas of Minimal Flooding
SOURCE: FEMA, Flood Insurance Rate Map, Community-Panel
Numbers 370085 0055 A and 370085 0070 A, February 15, 1979.
ZONE B
LIMIT OF
i ??IDETAILED
ST\ Y 14"A
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 13E
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
1000 0 1000 2000 Feet
APPENDIX A
RELOCATION REPORT
RELOCATION REPORT
Q E.I.S. [:] CORRIDOR F'1 DESIGN
North Carolina Department of Transportation
AREA RELOCATION OFFICE
PROJECT: 8.1403901 COUNTY Wake/Durham Alternate AAC of 3 Alternates
I.D. NO.: R-2906 F.A. PROJECT HPSTP-5 12
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Improvements to NC 55 in Wake and Durham Counties

J ESTIMATED DISPLACEES INCOME LEVEL
ype of
T
Displacees Owners Tenants Total Minorities 0-15M 15-25M 25-35M 35-50M 50 UP
Residential

Businesses
vA uEOF DWELLH ................... ....

.;
WS DMLLINCsAYAtLABLE ;
Farms Owners Tenants For S ale For R ent
lid Non-Profit 0-20M $ 0-160 020M $ 0-150
ANS3NE Et . LL QUESPONS.... :
20-40M
160-250
204M
160-260
Yes. No Explain all 'YES' answers. 40-70m 250400 40-70M 250-100
1. Will special relocation services be necessary? 70-100M 40000 70-100M 400200
2. Will schools or churches be affect by 100 up eoo UP 100 UP 600 UP
displacement? TOTAL
3. Will business services still be available after >REMARK S ! Q oad;_b N umber
project?
4. Will any business be displaced? If so, NEGATIVE REPORT FOR ALL THREE SEGMENTS: A, B, C
indicate size, type, estimated number of
employees, minorities, etc. NOTE: Following discussions with Jay Bissett (Planning
5. Will relocation cause a housing shortage? $ Environmental Analysis Branch) and with Jim
6. Source for available housing (list). Buck (Earth Tech, Inc.), it was concluded that when
7. Will additional housing programs be needed? the final proposed RM and easements are plotted,
8. Should Last Resort Housing be considered? there will be no displaced businesses or residential
9. Are there large, disabled, elderly, etc. occupants.
families?
10. Will public housing be needed for project?
11. Is public housing available?
12. Is it felt there will be adequate DSS housing
housing available during relocation period?
R OF
Y
13. Will there be a problem of housing within R OFWy Qp,,,,
financial means? '? ?H
14. Are suitable business sites available (list AIAR
r
?
.
source).
15. Number months estimated to complete
RELOCATION?

1 3-12-99
A. M. Simpson
3-
Relocation A ent Date Approved b Date
¦ Form 15.4 Revised 02195 d
vngmai e 1 copy: state Kelocetion Agent
2 Copy Area Relocation Office

' APPENDIX B
COMMENTS RECEIVED FROM
FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL AGENCIES
1
1
1
1
1
1

11

James B. Hunt Jr., Governor
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
March 10, 1999
Nicholas L. Graf
Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
Department of Transportation
310 New Bern Avenue
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-1442
Re: Phase II Intensive Architectural Survey Report, NC 55
widening from US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
Wake and Durham Counties, Federal Aid Project
HPSTP-55(12), TIP R-2906, ER 99-8338
Dear Mr. Graf:
Division of Archives and History
Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
Thank you for your letter of February 23, 1999, transmitting the archaeological survey
report by Mattson, Alexander and Associates, Inc., concerning the above project.
For purposes of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, we
concur that the following property is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places
under the criterion cited:
Carpenter Historic District, a rare surviving example of the small, primarily rail-
oriented settlements that developed across Wake County in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries; Criterion A for community development and Criterion C
for architecture.
' We also concur that the boundaries defined for this historic district are appropriate.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with
Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
' Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the
above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at
919/733-4763.
' Sincerely,
Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
DB:slw
? n
u •s -
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807 ??

cc: W. D. Gilmore '
A-Church
Mattson, Alexander and Associates, Inc.

1

Ll

1

B-2
t

Federal Aid T - 12 TIP T (?- 2C (P County LuLE ZlIL A U
CONCURRENCE FORM
FOR
ASSESSMENT OF EFFEC'T'S
Brief Project Description ,
Q S I2
4.0n 11.e A lx}i.'?? 010
On representatives of the
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
Federal Highway Administration (FHtiVA)
North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
Other
reviewed the subject project and agreed
there are no er-rects on the National Register-listed property within the project's
area of potential effect and listed on the reverse.
there are no etrects on the National Register-eligible properties located within the
project's area of potential e ect and listed on the reverse.
there is an errect on the National Register-listed property/properties within the
project's area of potential erect. The property-properties and *the effect(s) are
listed on the reverse.
there is an effect on the National Register-eiizible property/properties within the
project's are? of potential effect. The property/properties and effect(s) are listed .
on the reverse.
Signed:
AW -
Representative, NCDOT, Historic Architectural Resources Section
311el
FHtiV 67flo th?ivision Administrator, or other Federal Agency Date
Renresentative- SHPO D re
State Historic Preservation Otticer
B-3
Federal Aid,, ?i5 S 2? TIP .U - Z (D County Dt1i21'I?t?
Properties within area of potential effect for which there is no effect. Indicate if property is
National Register-listed (NR) or determined eligible (DE).
C,42?4.??7?(L- ?li.si arz? c D?sr2?c?- ?r? E?
Properties within area of potential effect for which there is an erect. Indicate property status (Nt?
or DE) and describe erred.
Reason(s) why erect is not adverse (if applicable).
Initialed: NCDOT FhNVA
B-4
SHPQ ??,< , ,
i i .'a r?.;tl = I ? I 1 ?t ? ? TIP = 1\ Z*1C'(_ -
i
CONCURRE:'i E FORM FOR PROPEL-1. 1 iLJ tiO T I?LIGISLZ F c-::
THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
Brtcf Proicct Description M(- -7-YO V?,I I Q_LYQ YkU tIprYl ul: l)U`-) E
On 11-211 rcprcsc-.itativcs of the
?vcrth Carclira Dcpartrncnt ofTmanspart: r.,., rivCDOT)
Federal Highway Administration (FH-,vA)
.worth Carolina Statc Historic Preservation Officc (SHPO)
Other
revicwed'tlic subject project at
A scoping mccting
?Historic architectural resoum:s ultotouraoit rcvic«• scssioniconsultad
Othcr
All parties present agree`
/thc:c arc nc cropcrtics ovc: fifty vcars old %vithin dnc ?rojc?. ...ca of pctc:ntizl e
a./ there arc no proocrtics Icss than Efty,-cars old which : rc ccnsidcrcd to :, cct Crimean
Consideration G within the project's area of potcntial cffcc
L/ there arc orcoertics over fih yca rs old (list attached) within :lie project's area of potential a ccs,
but based on the historical infamnation available and dnc photographs of each proecm% prcoc ics
ide- Eincd as -?? 3 5 ' 13 arc considocd not eligible
for National Rcaistcr and no srthc: evaluation of thcm is ncccssary.
t_ ?crc arc no `atlor.C1 Rc,:6S-,c --!1s:cd propcilcs %vichln tllc prcicc. s area ^C __,!:)rcat:zl - cc:s.
S l uncd:
R.:Jresc::tcac
FHw
Pc
[cc
Zt I icl
Dacc
G
Date
the Division Administrator, or other Fcdcral Agcncy
Rcpres` tativc, S
i
Stacc Historic Preservation Officer
Date
II'a st:r:cy report =s hrcnarc• , a li;.a! cum- ui Ihis Fuca :md the attrched list
B-5

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO March 5, 1999
Regulatory Division
Action ID No. 199920092, TIP No. R-2906
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
?ECElP-
1?3
1Jvo 8 1999
HEAYS? _.c
Reference the project team meeting held on February 18, 1999,
and your February 22, 1999 letter, on the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposal to widen NC 55 from
US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), in Wake and Durham Counties,
North Carolina (TIP No. R-2906).
The purpose of the project team meeting was to discuss
concurrence from the project team on purpose and need,
alternatives considered, the selected alternative, and impact
minimization (concurrence point #'s 1 through 4). Information
provided at the meeting and in your letter summarizes the details
for each concurrence point.
Based on the information available at this time, including
the information provided at the project team meeting and in your
letter, we support your stated purpose and need, alternatives
considered, the selected alternative, and minimization efforts to
reduce impacts to regulated waters of the United States. As your
planning process continues, please be reminded that avoidance and
minimization of impacts to waters and wetlands should still be
undertaken to the maximum extent practicable. Also, in response
to your December 18, 1998 letter describing your efforts to find
wetland and stream mitigation within the piedmont portion of the
Cape Fear River basin, and based on the information available at
this time, we support your use of the North Carolina Wetland
Restoration Program to provide compensatory mitigation for this
project's impacts to wetlands and streams.
S-6

Our concurrence on all of these issues will be contingent on
information obtained during our public interest review process.
We anticipate that the NCDOT's final project design will
incorporate the minimization measures that were discussed.
' As a cooperating agency, we appreciate the opportunity to
coordinate with your staff prior to the finalization of the
FONSI. If you have any questions regarding our comments or
correspondence associated with this project, please do not
hesitate to me at telephone [phone], extension 23.
' Sincerely,
?C
f
Eric C. Alsmeyer
Regulatory Project Manager
Copies Furnished:
' Mr. John Dorney
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Mr. Roy Shelton
Federal Highway Administration
' 310 New Bern Ave., Rm 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-1442

B-7
Triangle Transit Authority
February 22, 1999
Jay Bissett
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
NC DOT
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611
Re: Request for Bus Stop Accommodations as part of NC 55 Widening Project
Dear Mr. Bissett,
I received a call from Jim Buck, the consultant working on the design for the NC 55 Road Widening
project. He requested that the Triangle Transit Authority provide you with a list of requested bus
pull-outs along NC 55 between US 64 and Cornwallis Road.
My contact with Mr. Buck followed some miscommunication I had with staff from the Durham Area
Transit Authority about the scope of the NC 55 project. I was told that the project was from NC 54
north to Cornwallis Road. Since TTA does not have any current plans to provide service along that
stretch of road, I did not pursue the identification of bus stops. Following my conversation with Mr.
Buck, it was made clear to me that the project extends all the way south to US 64, where we indeed
intend to provide regional bus service.
I have completed a windshield survey, and reviewed the Town of Cary's Growth map to come up
with the suggested bus pull-outs listed below. The Town of Cary's Growth map indicates future
roads that I have used to identify appropriate stops. I do not know whether sufficient planning has
been completed on these roadways to precisely locate the future intersection. I would like to discuss
this issue with you further. I can be reached at 485-7430 or itallmadge(Qridetta.org.
The Triangle Transit Authority recommends that bus pull-out facilities be located on both sides of the
following intersections (existing and proposed) with Highway NC 55 (listed from north to south):
• Kit Creek and Alston Avenue
• Development Drive (proposed)
• Approx. 1500 feet north of proposed I-540 Interchange
• McCrimmons Parkway (proposed)
• Morrisville - Carpenter Road (proposed straightening)
• Morrisville Parkway (proposed)
• Green Hope School Road
• Entrance to Brook Haven subdivision
• High House Road
• Parkscene Lane
• Old Jenks Road
• Cameron Woods Entrance
Suite 206, 50 Park Drive A P.O. Box 13787 A Research Triangle Park
Regional Bus: [phone] A Office: [phone]
A North Carolina 27709
Fax: [phone]
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Each pull-out should be designed to accommodate a single 40-foot bus. Near-side pull-outs are
desirable except when there is a right-turn only lane at the intersection. In these cases, a far-side
pull-out is appropriate. .
Additionally, we believe that it would be appropriate and very beneficial to the regional
transportation network to locate a Park & Ride facility near the US 64 interchange with NC 55.
Mr. Buck indicated to me that NC DOT might have sufficient right-of-way to locate a modestly
sized facility.
I look forward to further correspondence with you on these recommendations.
Sincerely, -ef -
qt -;().
John D. Tallmadge
Transportation Planner
Triangle Transit Authority
cc: Mark Ahrendsen, DCHC
J. Scott Lane, CAMPO
Jim Ritchey, TTA
Jim Ferrell, TTA
B-9

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO January 20, 1999
Planning Services Section
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
e+ r
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This is in response to your letter of October 23, 1998, requesting comments on
"NC 55, from US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), Wake and Durham Counties,
Federal Aid Project No. HPSTP-55(12), State Project No. 8.1403901, TIP Project No.
R-2906" (Regulatory Division Action I.D. No. 199920092).
Our comments involve impacts to flood plains and jurisdictional resources that
include waters, wetlands, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers projects. Enclosed are
our comments on these issues.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on this project. If we can be of further
assistance,-please contact us.
Sincerely,
lkJ -
C. Ale"TechnicalSer?vices Chief, ision
Enclosure
B-10

January 20, 1999
Page 1 of 2
' U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS. WILMINGTON DISTRICT COMMENTS ON:
"NC 55, from US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), Wake and Durham Counties, Federal Aid
Project No. HPSTP-55(12), State Project No. 8.1403901, TIP Project No. R-2906" (Regulatory
Division Action I.D. No. 199920092)
1. FLOOD PLAINS: POC - Mr. Bobby L Willis Planning Services Section at
[phone]
Based on a review of pertinent maps, the proposed project is located within, or borders,
the jurisdictional limits of the towns of Apex and Cary and Wake County, all of which
participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). These maps include your site
map and Panels 280, 290, and 480 of the March 1992 Wake County, North Carolina and
Incorporated Areas Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM). It appears that the proposed road
widening crosses Kit Creek (Basin 29, Stream 7), White Oak Creek (Basin 28, Stream 1), and
Beaver Creek (Basin 27, Stream 2). Both Kit and Beaver Creeks are detailed study streams
which have 100-year flood elevations determined and floodways defined. White Oak Creek is
an approximately mapped stream. The roadway also crosses two other approximately
mapped streams just above the study limits.
From a review of the site map and Panels 167, 169, and 257 of the February 1996
' Durham County, North Carolina and Incorporated Areas FIRM, the roadway crosses the
detailed study streams of Northeast Creek and Burdens Creek. In addition, it appears to
involve the flood plain, but not floodway, of Northeast Creek North Prong, also a detailed study
stream. Northeast Creek and Northeast Creek North Prong are within the jurisdictional limits of
the city of Durham, and Burdens Creek appears to be in the county's jurisdiction.
The project should be designed to meet the requirements of the NFIP, administered by
the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and be in compliance with all local ordinances.
Specific questions pertaining to community flood plain regulations or developments should be
referred to the local building officials.
2. WATERS AND WETLANDS: POC - Mr. Eric Alsmeyer. Project Manager Raleiah Field
Office, Regulatory Division, at [phone] Extension 23
a. Prior Department of the Army permit authorization, pursuant to Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended, will be required for the discharge of excavated or fill
material into waters and/or wetlands in conjunction with this project, including the disposal of
construction debris.
b. Review of the project indicates that the proposed work involves the discharge of
excavated or fill material into waters and wetlands. Affected water bodies include Kit Creek
and Northeast Creek, below headwaters, and White Oak Creek, Bachelor Branch, Long
Branch, Burdens Creek, and unnamed tributaries, above headwaters.
(The use of the term headwaters in this application is as defined for regulatory purposes.)
1
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January 20, 1999
Page 2 of 2
c. On October 6, 1998, Mr. Eric Alsmeyer of the Raleigh Regulatory Field Office confirmed the
jurisdictional waters/wetland delineation completed by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation's (NCDOT's) consultant for this project.
d. When final plans are completed, including the extent and location of any work within ,
waters of the United States and wetlands, our Regulatory Division would appreciate the
opportunity to review these plans for a project-specific determination of Department of the
Army permit requirements. If there are only minor impacts to waters, including wetlands, the '
work might be authorized under one or more nationwide or regional general permits, provided
avoidance and minimization of wetlands and streams are adequately addressed.
Asymmetrical widening which would minimize wetland or stream impacts should be
considered. 1
e. The Corps of Engineers must assess the impacts of such activities on the aquatic
environment prior to issuing Department of the Army permits. Authorization of aquatic fill
activities requires that the project be water dependent and/or that no practicable alternatives
are available. Our initial review emphasis for NCDOT projects will focus on the impacts to
waters and/or wetlands. However, if degradation to other aspects of the natural environment
(e.g., habitat of endangered species) is considered to be of greater concern, an alternative
resulting in greater aquatic losses may be chosen as preferred.
f. In all cases, and in accordance with the Memorandum of Agreement between the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Corps, the sequencing process of avoidance,
minimization, and compensatory mitigation of unavoidable wetland impacts will be satisfied
prior to the final permit decision. A Department of the Army permit will not be issued until a
final plan for compensatory mitigation is approved. Mitigation for stream impacts will also be
required. Based on the probable impacts to wetlands and streams, a compensatory mitigation
proposal should accompany any application to the Corps for this project.
Questions or comments pertaining to permits may be directed to Mr. Alsmeyer.
3. U.S. ARMY CORPS of ENGINEERS PROJECTS: POC - Mr. Lloyd Williamson
Operations Manager, Falls and Jordan Lakes, at [phone]
N.C. 55 borders U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property on the west side of the road '
,
south of the SR 1102 intersection. If there is a possibility of encroachment on Corps lands by
the proposed improvements, please contact Mr. Williamson.

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DURHAM
DIVISIONS
Street Engineering 560-4326
Water & Sewer Engineering 560.4326
Storm Water Services 560-4326
Street Maintenance 560-4312
Water E Sewer Maintenance 560-4344
IkCity of Durham
Department of Engineering
(9191560.4326 FAX [phone] City Hall Plaza Durham. NC 27701
January 6, 1999
Mr.Jay Bissett, PE
Planning and Environmental Branch
N. C. Department of Transportation
P. O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611-5201
RE: Martin Luther King, Jr Parkway
NC 55 to proposed 4 lane section
Dear Mr. Bissett,
At the request of Mr. Wesley Parham of the City of Durham Transportation Division I
have enclosed copies of the plans that show Martin Luther King, Jr. Parkway near the
intersection of NC 55. There are two sets of plans enclosed. The first set of plans was
prepared by F.T. Green, Consulting Engineers and shows what is existing today. The
second set of plans prepared by the City is what is proposed to be constructed, adding the
additional two lanes. The proposed constructions ends before reaching NC 55. Please
also find enclosed the right-of-way maps used for the parkway acquisition.
If you have any questions please contact me at your convenience .
Sincerely,
t 1 r ?.
onald F. Greeley, PE,
Civil Engineer IV
Attachments
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER
B=13
16-Dec-98
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Unit, NCDOT
PO Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611-5201
Subject: Comments on NC 55 Widening Project, US 64 to Cornwallis Road
Dear Mr. Gilmore (Bill):
The following are comments approved by the Capital Area MPO on December
16, 1998. The CAMPO staff and boards recognize that the primary purpose of
this facility is to accommodate the large existing and future traffic flows that
are associated with the major employment destinations in the Research
Triangle Park (RTP) and residential origins south of the proposed project. Given
this purpose, the following recommendations can be made at this time:
1) The staff of the Capital Area MPO has noted a large directional split (70-30
to 80-20) during the peak hours of operation of this facility. Given the large
existing and future traffic volumes in this corridor, a reversible lane system
should be accommodated within the scope of the study, provided that the
typical cross-section incorporates five through lanes.
2) The local and state governments with authority over access points along NC
55 must consider the appropriateness of current policies regarding spacing
and frequency of driveway cuts, intersections, and the provision of turning
lanes and deceleration lanes. If driveways are too frequently spaced, then
the functional capacity and safety of this roadway will be significantly
diminished. Either revisions of the current policy or the formation of an
overlay district should be considered to preserve the capacity of NC 55.
Notwithstanding the actions of any local or state entities, the environmental
document should address this issue directly, with specific recommendations
as to future spacing and location of access points.
3) If the reversible lane system cannot be accommodated, then a median
section may be desirable from the standpoint of restricting cross-
movements. Input from the local governments is encouraged on this issue.
4) At a minimum, wide (14') outside travel lanes should be considered
throughout on this facility to accommodate bicycle travel.
B-14
CAPITAL AREA W. MARTIN STRI
METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION MEZZANINE LEVEL
LEAD PLANNING AGENCY: CITY OF RALEIGH P.O. BOX 590
Phone [phone] -- Fax [phone] RALEIGH. NC 27602
5) At the discretion of_ the affected municipalities,, sidewalks should be
installed on this project for its entire length to accommodate future
residential foot traffic as per the latest NCDOT sidewalk policy.
6) The spacing of the interchange with proposed I-540 and the Alston Avenue
Extension/I-540 interchange is extremely close. This must be considered in
' project design.
7) A future high-speed rail corridor is located immediately to the east of this
' project. All designs should be coordinated with the NCDOT Rails Division.
You may direct your questions on this matter to Mr. Scott Lane, MPO
Administrator.
Sincerely,
1 ?
' Koka E. Bo th, Chair
Transport ion Advisory Committee

Bissett `NC OT Planning and Environmental Branch
Cc: Jay I g
Michael J. Shumsky, NCDOT Rails Division
Curtis Yates, NCDOT Office of Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning
File Copy [R-2906 NC 55 Widening]

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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
December 8, 1998
N:,: . .
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 2761
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
DEC
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This responds to your letter of October 23, 1998, requesting information from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) for the purpose of evaluating the potential environmental impacts of the
proposed improvements to NC 55, from US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) in
Durham County, North Carolina (TIP No. R-2906). This report provides scoping information
and is provided in accordance with provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA)
(16 U.S.C. 661-667d) and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). This report also serves as initial scoping comments to federal and state
resource agencies for use in their permitting and/or certification processes for this project.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen NC 55 from a
two-lane roadway to a multi-lane facility. A five-lane curb and gutter facility will be constructed
from US 64 to SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road). For the section between SR 1621 and the
Durham city limit, a typical section will be selected after meeting with local officials. From the
Durham.city limit to SR 1121, a five-lane curb and gutter roadway is anticipated to be
constructed.
The mission of the Service is to provide leadership in the conservation, protection, and
enhancement of fish and wildlife, and their habitats, for the continuing benefit of all people. Due
to staffing limitations, we are unable to provide you with site-specific comments at this time.
However, the following recommendations are provided to assist you in your planning process and
to facilitate a thorough and timely review of the project.
Generally, the Service recommends that wetland impacts be avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent practical as outlined in Section 404 (b)(1) of the Clean Water Act Amendments
of 1977. In regard to avoidance and minimization of impacts, we recommend that proposed
highway projects be aligned along or adjacent to existing roadways, utility corridors, or previously

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developed areas in order to minimize habitat fragmentation and encroachment. Areas exhibiting
high biodiversity or ecological value important to the watershed and region should be avoided.
Crossings of streams and associated wetland systems should use existing crossings and/or occur
on a structure wherever feasible. Where bridging is not feasible, culvert structures that maintain
natural water flows and hydraulic regimes without scouring, or impeding fish and wildlife passage,
should be employed. Highway shoulder and median widths should be reduced through wetland
areas. Roadway embankments and fill areas should be stabilized by using appropriate erosion
control devices and techniques. Wherever appropriate, construction in sensitive areas should
occur outside fish spawning and migratory bird nesting seasons.
The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps of the Cary and Green Level 7.5 Minute
Quadrangles indicate that there may be wetland resources along the proposed corridor. However,
while the NWI maps are useful for providing an overview of a given area, they should not be
relied upon in lieu of a detailed wetland delineation by trained personnel using an acceptable
wetland classification methodology.
We reserve the right to review any federal permits that may be required for this project, at the
public notice stage. We may have no objection, provide recommendations for modification of the
project, or recommend denial. Therefore, it is important that resource agency coordination occur
' early in the planning process in order to resolve any conflicts that may arise and minimize delays
in project implementation.
In addition to the above guidance, we recommend that the environmental documentation for this
project include the following in sufficient detail to facilitate a thorough review of the action:
1. A clearly defined purpose and need for the proposed project, including a discussion of the
projects's independent utility;

2. A description of the proposed action with an analysis of all alternatives being considered,
including the upgrading of existing roads and a "no action" alternative,

3. A description of the fish and wildlife resources, and their habitats, within the project
impact area that may be directly or indirectly affected;

4. The extent and acreage of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, that are to be impacted
by filling, dredging, clearing, ditching, or draining. Acres of wetland impact should be
i differentiated by habitat type based on the wetland classification scheme of the
National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). Wetland boundaries should be determined by using
' the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual and verified by the U.S. Army
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The anticipated environmental impacts, both temporary and permanent, that would be '
likely to occur as a direct result of the proposed project. The assessment should also
include the extent to which the proposed project would result in secondary impacts to
natural resources, and how this and similar projects contribute to cumulative adverse
effects;
6. Design features and construction techniques which would be employed to avoid or
minimize the fragmentation or direct loss of wildlife habitat value;
7. Design features, construction techniques, or any other mitigation measures which would
be employed at wetland crossings and stream channel relocations to avoid or
minimize impacts to waters of the United States; and,
If unavoidable wetland impacts are proposed, we recommend that every effort be made to
identify compensatory mitigation sites in advance. Project planning should include a
detailed compensatory mitigation plan for offsetting unavoidable wetland impacts.
Opportunities to protect mitigation areas in perpetuity, preferably via conservation
easement, should be explored at the outset.
The attached pages identify the federally-listed endangered, threatened, and candidate species that '
are known to occur in Durham and Wake Counties. Habitat requirements for the federally-listed
species in the project area should be compared with the available habitat at the project site. If
suitable habitat is present within the action area of the project, field surveys for the listed species
should be performed. Environmental documentation should include survey methodologies and
results. In addition to this guidance, the following information should be included in the
document regarding protected species:
A map and description of the specific area used in the analysis of direct, indirect, and
cumulative impacts;
2. A description of the biology and status of the listed species and the habitat of the species
that may be affected by the action, including the results of any onsite inspections;
An analysis of the "effects of the action" on the listed species and associated habitat
which includes consideration of
a. The environmental baseline which is an analysis of the effects of past and ongoing
human and natural factors leading to the current status of the species and its
habitat;
b. The impacts of past and present federal, state, and private activities in the project a
area and cumulative impacts area,
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C. The direct and indirect impacts of the proposed action. Indirect effects are those
that are caused by the proposed action and are later in time, but are still
reasonably certain to occur;
d. The impacts of interrelated actions (those that are part of a larger action and
depend on the larger action for their justification) and interdependent actions
(those that have no independent utility apart from the action under consideration);
' and,
e. The cumulative impacts of future state and private activities (not requiring federal
agency involvement) that will be considered as part of future Section 7
consultation;
4. A description of the manner in which the action may affect any listed species or
associated habitat including project proposals to reduce/eliminate adverse effects. Direct
mortality, injury, harassment, the loss of habitat, and/or the degradation of habitat are all
ways in which listed species may be adversely affected;
5. A summary of evaluation criteria to be used as a measure of potential effects. Criteria
may include post-project population size, long-term population viability, habitat quality,
and/or habitat quantity; and,
6. Based on evaluation criteria, a determination of whether the project is not likely to
adversely affect or may affect threatened and endangered species.
' Candidate species are those plant and animal species for which the Service has sufficient
information on their biological status and threats to their survival to propose them as endangered
or threatened under the ESA. Although candidate species receive no statutory protection under
the ESA, federal agencies are required to informally confer with the Service on actions likely to
jeopardize the continued existence of these species or that may destroy or modify proposed
critical habitat.
Federal species of concern (FSC) include those species for which the Service does not have
enough scientific information to support a listing proposal or species which do not warrant listing
at the present time. These species receive no statutory protection under the ESA, but could
become candidates in the future if additional scientific information becomes available indicating
' that they are endangered or threatened. Formal listing places the species under the full protection
of the ESA, and necessitates a new survey if its status in the project area is unknown. Therefore,
' it would be prudent for the NCDOT to avoid any adverse impacts to candidate species or their
habitat. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program should be contacted for information on
species under state protection.
1

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The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project. Please continue to advise us
during the progression of the planning process, including your official determination of the
impacts of this project. If you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at
919-856-4520, ext. 32.
Sincerely,
John M. Hefner
Ecological Services Supervisor
Enclosures
FWS/R4:TMcCartney:TM:12/08/98:919/856-4520 extension 32:\r-2906.tip
cc:
COE, Raleigh, NC (Eric Alsmeyer)
NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC (Cyndi Bell)
FHWA, Raleigh, NC (Nicholas Graf)
WRC, Creedmoor, NC (David Cox)
EPA, Atlanta, GA (Ted Bisterfield)
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Accounts of Selected Federally Listed Species In WAKE County
Data represented on these maps are not base on comprehensive inventories
of this county. Lack of data must not be construed to mean that listed
species are not present.
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Prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service , 1? r I ?T? 5 MILES
based on data provided by NC Natural Heritage Program 0 12 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
D. Newcomb, K. Tripp 1/15/98
B-21 expires 1131/99
36'15
36'
.. s Prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
based on data provided by NC Natural Heritage Program
D. Newcomb, K. Tripp 1/15/98
B-22
O 1 2 3 4 5 MILE:
0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
expires 1/31/99
Accounts of Selected Federally Listed Species In DURHAM County
Data represented on these maps are not based on comprehensive inventories
of this county. Lack of data must not be construed to mean that listed
species are not present.
79* 78'45'
36*
? 36.6
Accounts of Selected Federally Listed Species In WAIF County
Data represented on these maps are not base on comprehensive inventories
of this county. Lack of data must not be construed to mean that listed
species are not present.
98 78045' 7830' 78'15'
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4'07?1 based on data provided by NC Natural Heritage Program 0 1 2 3? ? 4 OMEfERS
D. Newcomb, K. Tripp 1/15/98
B-23 expires 1/31/99
36'15
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based on data provided by NC Natural Heritage Program
D. Newcomb, K. Tripp 1/15/98
B-24

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0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
expires 1/31/99
Accounts of Selected Federally Listed Species In DURHAM County
Data represented on these maps are not based on comprehensive inventories
of this county. Lack of data must not be construed to mean that listed
species are not present.
79'

?,•,. STA7r
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
tty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
December 3, 1998
I MEMORANDUM

1

TO: William D. Gilmore, Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
NC Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook
Deputy State toric Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: NC 55 from US 64 in Wake County to Cornwallis
Road in Durham County, R-2906, Federal Aid
Project HPSTP-55(12), State Project 8.1403901,
99-E-4220-0256. ER 99-7709
We have received information concerning the above project from the State
Clearinghouse, as well as your letter of October 30, 1998.
We have conducted a search of our maps and files and have located the following
structures of historical or architectural importance within the general area of the
project:
House (WA 962), NC 55
House (WA 1023), SR 1624)
Carpenter Historic District (WA 787), junction of SR 3014 and SR 1617 just
east of NC 55. This property is included on the state study list.
G. H. Baucom House (WA 767), south side of SR 1615, 0.2 mile east of
junction with NC 55. This property is included on the state study list.
George W. Hopson Farmstead (DH 2616), 3634 South Alston Avenue,
Durham.
J. L. Green Subdivision (DH 2617 and 2618), South Alston Avenue just
south of Cornwallis Road, Durham.
Staff of the Office of State Archaeology traveled that portion of NC 55 proposed
for widening while returning from a field inspection on November 18, 1998. Based
on their observations, the soils information and the results of recent archaeological
surveys in the general vicinity of the project, it is unlikely that the widening of NC
109 ast :cues 3reec ° i<sie:tl, NGR Gdic iifl2 12-1601--1807

4
B-25
William D. Gilmore
December 3, 1998, Page 2
yr.
55 will have an effect upon National Register eligible archaeological sites. We do
not recommend any archaeological survey in connection with this project as
currently proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental
review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB:slw
cc: N. Graf
B.-Church
-[:;-e Novick -
State Clearinghouse
Wake County Historic Preservation Commission
Durham Historic Preservation Commission
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North Carolina
Department of Administration
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Katie G. Dorsett, Secretary
?i December 2, 1998
Mr. Jay Bissett
NC DOT
Transportation Building
INTER-OFFICE
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear Mr. Bissett:
Re: SCH File # 99-E-4220-0256; Scoping Improvements to NC 55 from US 64 in Wake Co. to SR
1211 (Cornwallis Road) in Durham Co. Project calls for widening NC 55 from a two-lane to a
multi-lane facility.
The above referenced project has been reviewed through the State Clearinghouse Intergovernmental
Review Process. Attached to this letter are comments made by agencies reviewing this document.
Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call me at [phone].
Sincerely,
ClAA1,, -.04
t Ms. Chrys Baggett
Environmental Policy Act Coordinator
Attachments
cc: Region J
l
116 West Jones Street Raleigh, North Carolina 27603-8003 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer
B-27
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Legislative & Intergovernmental Affairs
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
Richard E. Rogers, Jr., Director
MEMO
TO: Chrys Baggett
State Clearinghouse
FROM: Melba McGee
Project Review Coordinator
!? E N P4%,.
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources has completed its review. Our regional
office within the geographic area of the proposed project has identified permits that may be
required prior to project construction. For more information, the project applicant should notify
the respective regional office marked on the back of the attached permit form.
Thank you for the opportunity to review.
attachments

PO Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 - Telephone: [phone]
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer - 50% Recycled 10% Post-Consumer Paper
B-28
_WKI- HL-r

. r HI I 5 I HI<G 1 GL - 71 7 -. Z-U - c.r I
Ll;;;7j Forth Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission®
312 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina Z76044188,919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Dire=
MEMORANDUM
TO: Melba McGee
Office of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs, DENR
FROM: David Cox, Highway Project C r
Habitat Conservation Pro
DATE: November 30,1998
SUBJECT: Request for information from the N. C. Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) regarding fish and wildlife concerns for improvements to NC
55, from US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), Wake and Durham
counties, North Carolina, TIP No. 82906, SCH Project No. 99-E-0256.
This memorandum responds to a request from Mr. William D. Gilmore of the
NCDO'P for our concerns regarding impacts on fish and wildlife resources resulting from
the subject prqicet. Biologists on the staff of the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) have reviewed the proposed improvements, and our comments are provided in
accordance with provisions of the National Etivironmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C.
4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-667d).
At this time the NCWRC has no specific recommendations or concerns regarding
the subject project. However, to help facilitate document preparation and the review
process, our general informational needs are outlined below:
1. Description of fishery and wildlife resources within the project area,
including a listing of federally or state designated threatened, endangered,
or special concern species. Potential borrow areas to be used for project
construction, should be included in the inventories. A listing of designated
plant species can be developed through consultation with:
The Natural Heritage Program
N. C. Division of Parks and Recreation
P. O. Box 27687
Raleigh, N. C. 27611
[phone]
I
B-29
-WKL e Nor%r HLLJ LHNL I CL - 717- >LO-'o.» iru v vv ?v
November 30 1998
Memo 2
and,
NCDA Plant Conservation Program
P. 4. Box 27647
Raleigh, N. C. 27611
[phone]
2. Description of any streams or wetlands affected by the project. The need for
channelizing or relocating portions of streams crossed and the extent of
such activities.
3. Cover type maps showing wetland acreages impacted by the project.
Wetland acreages should include all project-related areas that may undergo
hydrologic change as a result of ditching, other drainage, or filling for
project construction. Wetland identification may be accomplished through
coordination with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). If the COE
is not consulted, the person delineating wetlands should be identified and
criteria listed.
4. Cover type maps showing acreages of upland wildlife habitat impacted by the
proposed project. Potential borrow sites should be included.
5. The extent to which the project will result in loss, degradation, or
lands)
mentation of wildlife habitat (wetlands or u
a
f
.
g
p
r
6. Mitigation for avoiding, minimizing or compensating for direct and indirect
degradation in habitat quality as well as quantitative losses.
7. A cumulative impact assessment section which analyzes the environmental
effects of highway construction and quantifies the contribution of this
i
i
l d
egradat
on.
ronmenta
individual project to env
8. A discussion of the probable impacts on natural resources which will result
from secondary development facilitated by the improved road access.
9. If construction of this facility is to be coordinated with other state, municipal,
or private development projects, a description of these projects should be
included in the environmental document, and all project sponsors should
be identified.
Thank you for the opportunity to provide input in the early planning stages for
this project. If we can further assist your office, please contact me at [phone].
cc: U. S. Ni sh and Wildlife Service, Raleigh

B-30
r-- 1 1 - 99 05:31P EcoSc i ence Corporation
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Wilmington District
T.I.P.: R-2906 Counties: Wakc and 1Uttrha?m
Action ID: 199920092
Notification of Jurisdictional Determination
,l!Iroperty Owner: NC DOT, Div. Of Hwys. Agent: EeoScience
Address: ATTN: William D. Gilmore A'1-IN: Sandy Smith
Manager Senior Protect Manager
Planning and Environmental BraTich 612 Wade Avenue, Suite 200
Post Office Box 25201 Raleigh, NC 27605
Raleigh, NC 27611-5201
P_02

elephone Nu.: 733-7844,ext. 26 )9 (J. Rissett) 816-5900
Size and Location of project (waterway, road namc/nurnber, town, ctc.):
400 foot wide study corridor for proposed NC 55 widening, from US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 (Cornwallis
Road) in Durham County, crossing White Oak Creek, Bachelor Branch, Kit Creek, Burdens Creek, Northeast
Creek, and unnamed tributaries, in North Carolina (T.T.P. R-2906).
Indicate Which of the following apply:
X There are wetlands within the project limits which we strongly suggest should be surveyed.
Because of the size of your properly and our present workload, our identification and delineation of your
wetlands cannot be accomplished in a timely manner. You may wish to employ a consultant to obtain a more
timely delineation of the wetlands. Once your consultant has flagged a wetland line on the property, Corps
staff will review it, and, if it is accurate, we strongly recommend that you have the line surveyed for final
arproval by the Corps. The CnTps will not make a final jurisdictional determination on your property without
an approved survey.
X the wetlands within the study corridor have been delineated, and the delineation was verified at the site
inspection on October 6, 1998. The limits of Corps jurisdiction have been explained to your consultant Unless
there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not
to exceed live years from the date of this notification. A
There are no wetlands present on the above described property which are subject to the permiti requirements of
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (331JSC 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or out published
regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this
notification.
(Placement of dredged or fill material in wetlands for this project without a Department of the Army permit is in
most cases a violation of Section 301 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1311). A permit is not required for work on
the property restricted entirely to existing high ground. If you have any questions regarding the Corps of Engineers
regulatory program, please contact Eric Aismc er at telephone number [phone], extension 23.
Id'a
Project Manager Signature
Date November 20. 1998 Expiration Date November 20, 2003
SURVEY PLAT OR FTFLD SKF.TCII OFDESCRIBED PR04RTY AND THE WETI.AND I)I :LINEATION
CORM MUSTBE ATTACHED TO THE YEI.I,OW (FILE) COPY OF THIS FORM.
C: EcoScience

B-31
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, Project Number
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Count
Inter-Agency Project Review Response yUQ,u jit-Ag/w-
-oject Name (UC b4 '+CD5ta ) 1Dl Type of Project ;u_)o? lS,r??r
--? The applicant should be. advised that plans and specifications for all" water system
-J improvements must be approved by the Division of Environmental Health prior to the award
of a contract or the initiation of construction (as required by 15A NCAC 18C .0300 et. seq.).
For information, contact the Public Water Supply Section, [phone].
This project will be classified as a non-community public -water supply and must comply with
state and federal drinking water monitoring requirements. For more information the applicant
should contact the Public Water Supply Section, [phone].
If this project is constructed as proposed, we will recommend closure of feet of adjacent
waters to the harvest of shellfish. For information retarding the shellfisanitation progra
m, the applicant should contact the Shellfish Sanitation Branch at [phone].
The spoil disposal area(s) proposed for this project may produce a mosquito breeding problem.
For information concerning appropriate mosquito control measures, the applicant should
contact the Public Health Pest Management Section at [phone].
The applicant should be advised that prior to the removal or demolition of dilapidated
structures, an extensive rodent control program may be necessary in order to prevent the
migration of the rodents to adjacent areas. The information concerning rodent control,
contact the local health department or the Public Health Pest Management Section at (919)
733-6407.
The applicant should be advised to contact the local health department regarding their
requirements for septic tank installations (as required under 15A NCAC 18A .1900 et. seq.).
For information concerning septic tank and other on-site waste disposal methods, contact the
On-Site Wastewater Section at [phone].
The applicant should be advised to contract the local health department regarding the sanitary
facilities required for this project.
If existing water lines will be relocated during the construction. plans for the water line
relocation must be submitted to the Division ofEnvironmental Health, Public Water Supply'
Section, :Plan Review Branch, Parker Lincoln Building, Raleigh, North Carolina, (919) 733-
2460.
Reviewer Section/Branch Date
B-32
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Land Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor E ?----? N
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary Charles H. Gardner, P.G., P.E. E) F=1
Director and State Geologist
?. PROJECT REVIEW COMMENTS
Project Number: qQ L O 2 $ County: ?1 KG y
Project Name: MDcov? ?C KC_
NC Office of State Plann4g - Geodetic Survey
This project will impact. 3Z- geodetic survey markers. N.C.
Geodetic Survey should be contacted prior to construction at P.O.
Box 27687, Raleigh, N.C. 27611 [phone]. Intentional
destruction of a geodetic monument is a violation of N.C. General
Statute 102-4.
This project will have no impact on geodetic survey markers.
Other (comments attached)
For more information contact the N.C. Office of State
Planning, Geodetic Survey Office at 919/73373836. --?/?
2
lyN 4? t-vnn G h 1/ A
J Reviewer Dat n NOV Q 2 1998
'Erosion and Sedimentation Control' By
No comment
This project will require approval of an erosion and sedimentation
control plan prior to beginning any land-disturbing activity if
more than one (1) acre will be disturbed.
If an environmental document is required to satisfy Environmental
Policy Act (SEPA) requirements, the document must be submitted as
part of the erosion and sedimentation control plan.
If any portion of the project is located within a High Quality
Water Zone (HQW), as classified by the Division of Environmental
Management, increased design standards for sediment and erosion
control will apply.
The erosion and sedimentation control plan required for this
project should be prepared by the Department of Transportation
under the erosion control program delegation to the Division of
Highways from the North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission.
Other (comments attached)
For more information contact the Land Quality Section at 919/733-4574.
!ae4 7 Gla--eW 111'g1'9'0
R viewer Da Geodetic Survey Section
Geological Survey Section Land Quality Section 733-3836
[phone] [phone] FAX[phone]
FAX: [phone] FAX: [phone]
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7686_3Trlephone 919-733-3833 FAX [phone]
rnv fArvr!nr!/ I n% nost-ccn:urner ; CG9r
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
November 2, 1998
MEMORANDUM
To: Melba McGee, DENR SEPA Coordinator
From: Ed Buchner, Environmental Specialist 0
Subject: Comments on EA Scoping # 99-0256, DWQ #12269 Wake/Durham Co's.
Widening NC 55 From US 64 to SR 1121.
The Division of Water Quality (DWQ) requests that the following topics be discussed in the
EA/EIS document:
A. Identify the streams potentially impacted by the project. The current stream
classifications and use support ratings for these streams should be included. This
information is available from DWQ through the following contacts:
Liz Kovasckitz - Classifications - 919-733-5083, ext. 572
Carol Metz - Use Support Ratings - 919-733-5083, ext. 562
B. Identify the linear feet of stream channelization/relocations. If the original stream
banks were vegetated, it is requested that the channelized/relocated stream banks be
revegetated.
C. Identify the number of stream crossings.
D. Will permanent spill catch basins be utilized? DWQ requests that these catch basins
be placed at all water supply stream crossings. Identify the responsible party for
maintenance.
E. Identify the stormwater controls (permanent and temporary) that will be used
F. Please ensure that sediment and erosion control measures are not placed in
wetlands.
G . Wetland Impacts
i) Identify the federal manual used for identifying and delineating jurisdictional
wetlands.
ri) Have wetlands been avoided as much as possible?
iii) Have wetland impacts been minimized?
iv) Mitigation measures to compensate for habitat losses.
v) Wetland impacts by plant communities affected
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
B-34

vi) Quality of wetlands impacted.
vii) Total wetland impacts.
viii) List the 401 General Certification numbers requested from DWQ.
H. Borrow/waste areas should avoid wetlands to the maximum extent practicable.
Prior to the approval of any borrow/waste site in a wetland, the contractor shall
obtain a 401 Certification from DWQ.
I. Please provide a conceptual wetland mitigation plan to help the environmental
review. The mitigation plan may state the following:
1. Compensatory mitigation will be considered only after wetland impacts have
been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent possible.
2. On-site, in-ldnd mitigation is the preferred method of mitigation. In-kind
mitigation within the same watershed is preferred over out-of-kind mitigation.
3. Mitigation should be in the following order: restoration, creation, enhancement,
and lastly preservation.
J. The EA should discuss in detail project alternatives.
DWQ is also concerned about secondary and cumulative impacts that may be caused by
construction, development or any significant change made to the environment. For
example, a project may cause or increase stormwater runoff or induce further development
of an area. The EA/EIS should give particular attention to secondary and cumulative
impacts.
Written concurrence of 401 Water Quality Certification may be required for this project.
Applications requesting coverage under our General Certification 14 or General Permit 31
(with wetland impact) will require written concurrence. Please be aware that 401
Certification may be denied if wetland or water impacts have not been avoided and
minimized to the maximum extent practicable.
efb:\#99-0256, Widening NC 55 Scoping.

r

B-35
State of North Carolina
-Department of Environment and Natural Resources Reviewing Office:-
IlVTERGOVERNNnN'TAL REVIEW - PROJECT COMMENTS Project Number: Due Date:
After review of this project it has been determined that the ENR permit(s) and/or approvals indicated may need to be obtained in order for this project to
comply with North Carolina Law. Questions regarding these permits should be addressed to the Regional Office indicated on the reverse of the form.
All applications, information and guidelines relative to these plans and permits are available from the same Regional Office.
Normal Process Time
(statutory time limit)
PERMITS SPECIAL APPLICATION PROCEDURES or REQUIREMENTS
O Permit to agnstruct &`bperate wastewater treatment Application 90 days before begin construction or award of construction 30 days
facilities, sewer rystem extensions & sewer systems contracts. On-site inspection. Post-application technical conference usual

not discharging into state surface waters. .
(90 days)
O NPDES - permit to discharge into surface water and/or
permit to operate and construct wastew
t
f
ili
i Application 180 days before begin activity. On-site inspection. Pro-application 90-120 days
a
er
ac
t
es
discharging into state surface waters. conference usual. Additionally, obtain permit to construct wastewater
treatment facility-granted after NPDES. Reply time, 30 days after receipt of
(N/A)
plans or issue of NPDES parrik-whichever is later.
O Water Use Permit Pre-application technical conference usually necessary 30 days
(N/A)
O Well Construction Permit Complete application must be received and permit issued prior to the 7 days
installation of a well. (15 days)
O Dredge and Fill Permit Application copy must be served on each adjacent riparian property owner. 55 days
On-site inspection. Pmapplication conference usual. Filling may require
Easement to Fill from N.C. Department of Administration and Federal Dredge (90 days)
and Fill Permit
O Permit to construct & operate.Air Pollution Abatement N/A
facilities and/or Emission Sources as per 15 A NCAC

(2Q.0100, 2Q.0300, 2H.0600) 60 days
Any open burning associated with subject proposal
must be in compliance with 15 A NCAC 2D.1900
O Demolition or renovations ofstructures containing

asbestos material must be in compliance with 15 A 60 days
NCAC 2D.1110 (a) (1) which requires notification and
removal prior to demolition Contact Asbestos Control N/A
Group 919-733-0820.
(90 days)

O Complex Source Permit required under 15 A NCAC
2D.0800
O The Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 must be properly addressed for any land disturbing activity. An erosion &
sedimentation control plan will be required if one or more ages to be disturbed. Plan filed with proper Regional Office (land Quality 20 days
Sect) At least 30 days before beginning activity. A fee of S30 for the first acre and $2000 for each additional acre or part must (30 days)
accompany the plan.
O The Sedimentation Pollution control Act of 1973 must be addressed with respect to the referenced Local Ordinance. (30 days)
O Mining Permit On-site inspection usual. Surety bond filed with ENR Bond amount varies
with type mine and number of acres of affected land. Any are mined greater 30 days
than one acre must be permitted Tbe appropriate bond must be received (60 days)
before the permit can be issued.
O North Carolina Burning permit On-site inspection by N.C. Division Forest Resources if permit exceeds 4 days 1 day
(N/A)
O Special Ground Clearance Burning Permit - 22 On-site inspection by N.C. Division Forest Resources required "if more than 1 day
counties in coastal N.C. with asganic soils five acres of ground clearing activities are involved Inspections should be (N/A)
requested at least ten days before actual bum is planned„
O Oil Refining Facilities N/A 90-120 days
(N/A)
O Dam Safety Permit Upermh required, application 60 days before begin construction' Applicant
must hire N.C. qualified engineer to: prepare plans, inspect construction,
certify construction is according to ENR approved plans. May also require 30 days
permit under mosquito control program. And a 404 permit from Corps of
Engineers. An inspection of site is necessary to verify Hazard Classification. A (60 days)
minimum fee of $200.00 must accompany the application. An additional
processing fee based on a percentage or the total project cost will be required
upon completion
B-36

Continued on reverse
Normal Process Time
(statutory time limit)
PERMITS SPECIAL APPLICATION PROCEDURES or REQUIREMENTS
O Permit to drill exploratory oil or gas well File surety bond of $5,000 with ENR running to State of NC conditional that 10 days
any well opened by drill operator shall, upon abandonment, be plugged (N/A)
according to ENR rules and regulations.
O Geophysical Exploration Permit Application filed with ENR at least 10 days prior to issue ofpermit. 10 days
Application by letter. No standard application form (N/A)

O State Lakes Construction Permit Application fee based on structure size is charged Must include descriptions & 15-20 days
drawings of structure & proof of ownership of riparian property. (N/A)
O 401 Water Quality Certification N/A 60 days
(130 days)
O CAMA Permit for MAJOR development 5250.00 fee must accompany application 55 days
(150 days)
O CAMA Permit for MINOR development 550.00 fee must accompany application 22 days
(25 days)
O Several geodetic monuments are lowed in or near the project area. If any monuments treed to be moved or destroyed, please notify:
N.C. Geodetic Survey, Box 27687, Raleigh, NC 27611
O Abandonment of any wells, if required must be in accordance with Title 15A. Subchapter 2C.0100.
O Notification of the proper regional office is requested if -orphan" underground storage tanks (LISTS) are discovered during any excavation operation.
O Compliance with 15A NCAC 2H 1000 (Coastal Stormwatcr Rules) is required. 45 days
(N/A)
' Other comments (attach additional pages as necessary, being cert
in to cite comment authority)
a
(45', 71z?1 u?"16+/-r ??t? S l ??l CO,J ?L- AV sr
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04-5(4
It
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?&310r ..rte ?( } -'{T '56 4y- 10W S?lza^-=t, r? _ CAN??-?i c.?s

REGIONAL OFFICES
Questions regarding these permits should be addressed to the Regional Office marked below.
O Asheville Regional Office
59 Woodfrn Place
Asheville, NC 28801
[phone]
q.. Mooresville Regional (Ice
919 North Main Street, P.O. Box 950
Mooresville, NC 28115
[phone]
O Washington Regional Office
943 Washington Square Mall
Washington, NC 27889
919) 946-6481

O Fayetteville Regional Office
Suite 714 Wachovia Building
Fayetteville, NC 28301
[phone]
O Raleigh Regional Office
3800 Barrett Drive, Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27609
[phone]
O Wilmington Regional Office
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405
[phone]
O Winston-Salem Regional Office
585 Waughtown St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
[phone]
B-37
"OoTH Cq?
i O
Town of Cary
North Carolina
j

11
August 31, 1998
Mr. Scott Lane, Administrator
CAMPO
310 West Martin Street
P.O. Box 590
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Dear Scott:

r?_
Enclosed is information on historical places in the Cary area, taken from our
adopted Growth Management Plan. Each of the properties listed is either on the National
Register of Historic Places or has been placed on the Study List. If you require additional
information please call me at 469-4084 or e-mail me at [e-mail].
On an unrelated matter, could you or Maya forward the revised TAZ projections
for households to me? I am planning on using these figures to generate population
projections and phased growth boundaries for our water model. Please note that I use
Excel 5.0. Thank you.
Sincerely, /
L Woods, AICP
Planning & Zoning Division
Enclosure: As stated
P
www.ci.cary.nc,us
P.O. Box 8005 Cary, North Carolina 27512-8005 [phone] C
An Equal Opportunity Employer
B-38 mcycus
Growth Management Plan
1 3.7 Historic Resources
The Town of Cary and the surrounding region possess a large number of historically
significant structures. Due to the rapid pace of development, the potential for losing these
resources is heightened -- losses that could diminish the Town's character and appearance. The
more significant resources within the Town's jurisdiction and surrounding study areas are
identified in the following list, derived from The Historic Architecture of Wake County, by Kelly
A. Lally. It should be noted that the resources identified below, excepting the Page-Walker
Hotel, are on the Study List for the National Register of Historic Places. The Page-Walker Hotel
is on the National Register.
A detailed discussion of these resources is included in Care's Natural and Historic
Resources. an internal staff document-prepared as background material for the Growth Plan.
Although recommendations on historic preservation are beyond the scope of the Growth
Management Plan, the proposed Natural and Historic Resources Element of the Comprehensive
Plan will make recommendations for preserving historic structures and sites. Figure 3.3 provides
the location of each identified resource. Please note that the numbers in the list correspond to the
numbers used to identify locations in Figure 3.3.
Old Central Business District
(1) Page-Walker Hotel
(2) Captain Harrison P. Guess House
(3) Ivey-Ellington House
-' Carpenter Community
(4) Carpenter's Farm Supply
(5) Carpenter Store
(6) Horton-Upchurch Farm

Green Level Community
(7) Alois Mills House and Store
(8) Bartley Yates Farm
(9) Green Level Baptist Church
(10) Williams Farm

Resources not located in historic districts
(11) WPTF Radio Transmitter Building
(12) G.H. Baucom House
(13) Nancy Jones House
(14) Oak Grove Baptist Church

Middle Creek Stud Area
(15) Utley-Council House
(16) William Pierce House

adopted Nov. 14, 1996 Page 30
B-39
w
APPENDIX C
CITIZENS INFORMATIONAL WORKSHOP

t

1

1

J
Cl
Notice of Citizens Informational Workshop
Published from February 22 through March 11, 1999 three times in the following publications:
News and Observer; The Herald Sun; The Cary News; Carolina Times; Neighbors; The Carolinian;
Apex Herald and once in the monthly publication La Conexion.
NOTICE OF CITIZENS INFORMATIONAL
WORKSHOP FOR WIDENING NC 55 FROM
Us 64 AT APEX TO SR 1121, CORNWALLIS ROAD,
IN DLRtHAM
Project 8.1403901 R-2906 Wake and Durham. Counties
The North Carolina Department of Transportation will
hold the ;above 'Citizens Informational Workshop on
March 1b, 1999 between the hours of 4:00 PM and' 8:00
PM at the .Carpenter Fire Station on ITC 55 near
Carpenter:
Interested individuals may attend this informal workshop
at -'their convenience during the above stated hours.
Department of "Transportation representatives will be
present to answer questions and receive comments rela-
tive to the proposed project.This will be an open house
meeting and no formal presentation will be made.'
Information presented' at this workshop will be prelimi-
nary, as detailed plans have not been 'prepared for-the
project:
The project proposes to widen NC 55 to a multilane.
roadway between US 64 at Apex and Comwaliis Road in:
Durham. Comments received from the public at this
workshop will aid` in completing planning and environ-
mental studies being prepared for this project.
Anyone desiring ' additional information regarding the
project may contact Mr. Jay Bissett, RE.,; Project Planning
Engineer, P.O. Box 25201, Raleigh,. NC 2761`1 or phone
[phone], ext 269.
NCDDT will provide auxiliary aids and services 'For dis
abled persons who wish to participate in these work-
shops: to comply with the American Disabilities Act. To
receive special services, please contact Mr. Bissett at the
above address or'phone number or fax-[phone];:
as early as possible so that arrangements can be made..
1
roFnAl
February 1999
Newsletter published by: North Carolina Department of Transportation
Earth Tech Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475 P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27607 Raleigh, NC 27611-5201

t

1
?J

NC 55 Widening
from US 64 to Cornwallis Road
in Wake & Durham Counties
(Transportation Improvement Program No. R-2906)
Issue No. I
NCDOT Plans to Widen NC 55
The North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) is currently conducting planning and
environmental studies for the widening of NC 55 from
US 64 in Wake County to Cornwallis Road (SR 1121)
in Durham County. Some portions of the roadway will
be widened to a five-lane undivided facility, and, the
remainder will be widened to a four-lane divided facility
with a raised median. In the draft 2000 - 2006
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), right of
way acquisition and construction are anticipated to begin
in federal fiscal years 2002 and 2003, respectively.
Currently, the TIP includes $ 700,000 for right of way
acquisition and $ 51,803,000 for construction.
It is anticipated that NCDOT and municipalities
involved in the project will share the cost of providing
sidewalks along the roadway. In addition, the widening
project will help accommodate bicyclists by providing
additional pavement on the outside lanes.
Citizens Informational Workshop
Scheduled for March 16
The NCDOT will hold a Citizens Informational
Workshop on March 16 to discuss the proposed
widening of NC 55 from US 64 in Wake County to
Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) in Durham County. The
workshop will be held from 4:00 P.M. to 8:00 P.M. at
the Carpenter Fire Station near NC 55 (see the map
below). Everyone interested should attend at their
convenience.
The open house workshop is being held to involve the
public in the planning process. Conceptual plans for
the widening will be on display, and personnel from
NCDOT and their consultant, Earth Tech, will be
available to answer questions. Information gathered
from the meeting will be used to refine the project and
will be incorporated into the planning document.
Comment sheets will be provided at the meeting.
Comments may be left at the meeting or mailed to one
of the addresses included on page 2 of this newsletter.
To Durham S2g
? pr
A?oxan?
CARPENTER'
FIRE STAT O 41/4 Mites
SR 1624 ', I
Carpenter v 2112 Mites
Fire Station Rd Z SR 1,615
High House Rd
To Apex I

Purpose and Need for the Project
NC 55 is a primary route for commuters traveling to the
Research Triangle Park from Durham and southwestern
Wake County. NC 55 also serves motorists in the rapidly
developing West Cary / Apex area. Currently, the
existing two-lane facility does not adequately
accommodate peak hour traffic volumes (see the
photograph below). The travel demand for the roadway
exceeds the existing facility's capacity. The traffic
carrying capacity of roadways like NC 55 can be
described with a level of service rating (LOS). Level of
service is a qualitative measure of a roadway's
operational conditions and how these conditions are
perceived by motorists. Level of service is determined
using information such as speed, travel time, freedom
to maneuver, traffic interruptions, convenience, delay,
and safety. Six levels of service are defined and are
assigned letter designations from A to F. Level of service
A represents the best operating conditions, and level of
service F represents the worst operating conditions.
Without improvements, NC 55 is anticipated to operate
at LOS E in 2003 and LOS F in 2023.
In both the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning
Organization (CAMPO) and the Durham-Chapel Hill-
Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization
thoroughfare plans, NC 55 is classified as a major
thoroughfare. In the Statewide Functional Classification
System, NC 55 is designated as a rural principal arterial.
In order to serve its function as a major thoroughfare
and arterial, NC 55 must be widened. A widened
NC 55 will improve traffic flow and levels of service
on NC 55 in Durham and Wake Counties. As a result,
access from these areas to the Research Triangle Park
will be improved.
HOTLINE
For project information
and updates, call
854-6213
Contacts for NC 55 Project
Questions and Comments
Questions and comments regarding the NC 55
Widening (R-2906) may be directed to:
Mr. Jay Bissett, P.E.
Consultant Engineering Unit Head
Project Development and Environmental
Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
[phone] Ext 269.
or
Mr. Jim Buck, P.E.
Project Manager
Earth Tech
701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
[phone]
The public is encouraged to participate in the plan-
ning of the project. Comments and information may
be obtained via mail or telephone. Representatives of
NCDOT are also available for presentations to neigh-
borhood associations, church groups, and other civic
organizations. To schedule a small group meeting for
your organization, please contact Mr. Jim Buck, P.E.,
Project Manager.
Issue No. - February 1999 1
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North Carolina. Department of Transportation
r ' Division of Highways
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE I
64 VICINITY MAP
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
N to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
BEGIN Wake and Durham Counties
TIP R-2906
iia
r 1 0 1 2 Miles

Earth Tech
701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475
Raleigh, NC 27607
Mathng List Infonnation
A computerized mailing list of persons interested in the proposed
project is continually updated for announcements. If you are not on the
mailing list and would like to receive newsletters and other informative
notices for this project, call the project hotline at 8546213 or complete
the form below. Clip and mail to the address on the right.
Mark your calendars!
Citizens Informational Workshop
An open-house meeting to receive input from
citizens is scheduled for March 16, 1999, from
4:00 pm to 8:00 p.m. at the Carpenter Fire
Station (located near the intersection of NC 55
and SR 1624 (Carpenter-Fire Station Rd.)).
Come by at any time during these hours.
Mr. Jim Buck, P.E.
Project Manager
Earth Tech
701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475
Raleigh, NC 27607
r ----------------------------------------?
I (Please print)
I Name: '
Address:
City/State: Zip Code:
I Telephone Number: Neighborhood Organization/Affiliation:
Comments:
L-----------------------------------------1
1NC 55 WIDENING
ROM US 64 TO SR 1121 (CORNWALLIS RD.)
AKE AND DURHAM COUNTIES
TIP PROJECT R-2906
I CITIZENS INFORMATIONAL WORKSHOP
I March 16,1999 4:00 - 8:00 pm
Fire Station at the Intersection of NC 55 and Carpenter-Fire Station Road

IWELCOME
Welcome to the Citizens Informational Workshop for the proposed widening of NC 55 in Wake and Durham
counties. The purpose of the workshop is to involve the public in the proj ect development process. If you have any
questions about the material included in this handout or the proposed project, please let a representative of the
forth Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) know.
Please...
I ? Sign in at the table in the lobby
I ? Read this handout
? Review the project maps and displays
Discuss the nro'ect with representatives from NCDOT and Earth Tech
? ?
? Write your comments on the comment sheet provided in this handout so NCDOT can keep a
record of and fully consider your ideas, comments, and suggestions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes to widen NC 55 to a multilane roadway from just north
of US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) in Durham County, a distance of 13 les. Table 1 on
page 2 summarizes the proposed widening improvements. Portions of the proposed project lie in the vicinity of
Apex, Cary, Durham, Morrisville, and Research Triangle Park. The project location is shown in Figure 1.
I It is anticipated that NCDOT and municipalities involved in the project will share the cost of providing sidewalks
along the roadway. In addition, the widening project will help accommodate bicyclists by providing additional
pavement on the outside lanes.
Informational Workshop - March 16, 1999
TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED WIDENING IMPROVEMENTS
SECTION OF NC 55 PROPOSED TYPICAL SECTION METHOD OF WIDENING
.From just north of US 64 to just south Five-lane curb and gutter facility Symmetrical widening
of SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road)
From just south of SR 1621 to just south Four-lane divided shoulder facility East side widening
of SR 3014 (Morrisville Carpenter With a 20-foot wide raised median
Road)
From just south of SR 3014 to just south Four-lane divided shoulder facility West side widening
of SR 1.633 (Good Hope Church Road) With a 20-foot wide raised median
From just south of $R 1633 to SR 2028 Four-lane divided shoulder facility East side widening
(Alexander Drive) With a 20-foot wide raised median
From SR 2028 to SR 1102 (Sedwick Five-lane shoulder facility Symmetrical Widening
Road)
From SR 1102 to the existing multilane Five-lane curb and gutter facility Symmetrical Widening
section south of NC 54*
From Meridian Parkway to just south of Five-lane curb and gutter facility Symmetrical Widening
SR 1182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Rd.)*
From SR 1182 to SR 1121 (Comwallis Four-lane divided curb and gutter facility West side widening
Road) with a 16-foot raised median
*From just south of NC 54 to just south of Meridian Parkway, NC 55 has already been widened to a multilane facility.
No improvements are proposed between NC 54 and Meridian Parkway.
PURPOSE AND NEED OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of the proposed project is to increase NC 55's traffic carrying capacity, improve levels of service on
the facility, reduce traffic congestion, and enhance access from southeastern Durham County and western Wake
County to Research Triangle Park.
NC 55 is a primary route for commuters traveling to Research Triangle Park from Durham and southwestern Wake
County. NC 55 also serves motorists in the rapidly developing West Cary /Apex area. Currently the existing two-
lane facility does not adequately accommodate peak hour volumes. The travel demand for the roadway exceeds the
facility's capacity. The traffic carrying capacity of roadways like NC 55 can be described with a level of service
rating (LOS). Level of service is a qualitative measure of a roadway's operational conditions and how motorists
perceive these conditions. Level of service is determined using information such as speed, travel time, freedom to
maneuver, traffic interruptions, convenience, delay, and safety. Six levels of service are defined and are assigned
letter designations from A to F. Level of service A represents the best operating conditions, and level of service F
represents the worst operating conditions. Without improvements, NC 55 is anticipated to operate at LOS E in
2003 and LOS F in 2023.
In both the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CANTO) and the Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro
Metropolitan Organization thoroughfare plans, NC 55 is designated as a mayor thoroughfare. NC 55 has a state
functional classification of rural principal arterial . In order to serve its function as a major thoroughfare and
arterial, NC 55 must be widened. A widened NC 55 will improve traffic flow and levels of service in southeastern
Durham and southwestern Wake Counties. As a result, access to Research Triangle Park will be improved.
PROJECT SCHEDULE
In the North Carolina Department of Transportation's draft 2000-2006 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP),
the project is scheduled for right-of-way acquisition in fiscal year 2002 and construction in fiscal year 2003.
A tentative schedule for the environmental study process is listed below:
? Completion of Planning Document Spring, 1999
? Combined Corridor - Design Public Hearing Summer, 1999
2 Citizens Informational Workshop - March 16, 19
w
NC 55 WIDENING
FROM US 64 TO SR 1121 (CORNWALLIS RD.)
WAKE AND DURHAM COUNTIES
TIP PROJECT R-2906
CITIZENS INFORMATIONAL WORKSHOP
March 16,1999 4:00 - 8:00 PM
Carpenter Fire Station
COMMENT SHEET
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
COMMENTS AND/OR QUESTIONS:
Please place this sheet in the box marked "COMIIIENTS" or mail to one of the following addresses:
Mr. Jay Bissett, PE, Project Planning Engineer Mr. Jim Buck, PE, Project Manager
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch Earth Tech
North Carolina Department of Transportation 701 Corporate Center Drive
Post Office Box 25201 Suite 475
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 Raleigh, North Carolina 27607

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itizens Informational Workshop - March 16, 1999 3

STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The North Carolina Department of Transportation retained Earth Tech, a private consulting engineering firm, to
prepare planning, environmental, and design studies for the widening of NC 55. Currently, an environmental
document called a Categorical Exclusion is being written for 'the project to demonstrate that the project is antici-
pated to have minimal environmental impacts. The Categorical Exclusion, which is anticipated to be completed in
early April, 1999, will outline the proposed improvements to NC 55, summarize the purpose and need of the
project, present right,ofway and construction cost estimates, and summarize impacts to both the natural and human
environments. Most of the environmental studies needed to finish the Categorical Exclusion have already been
completed. The project is not anticipated to impact any historic architectural resources, archaeological resources,
or threatened and endangered species. The project will impact approximately 0.58 acres of wetlands and 2,767
linear feet of streams. Impacts to water quality in streams adjacent to the project will be minimized. Traffic noise
and air quality studies are also being conducted as a part of the planning process for the project. The results of these
studies will be summarized in the Categorical Exclusion.
ANTICIPATED RIGHT OF WAY IMPACTS
Throughout the majority of the project, the existing right of way along NC 55 is 150 feet wide. The existing right
of way is symmetrical about the centerline of the roadway. Efforts have been made to minimize the amount of
additional right of way required for the project. It is not anticipated that the project will require the relocation of
any residences or businesses. However, it is anticipated that some additional right of way and easements will be
needed in various locations along the project. However, until both environmental studies and preliminary design
are completed, specific right of way impacts to individual properties cannot be determined. Anticipated impacts to
individual properties will be presented at the public hearing for the project to be held later this summer.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Thank you for taking this opportunity to participate in the environmental study process for the widening of NC 55
in Wake and Durham counties. We encourage you to use the attached comment sheet for your remarks, pro or con,
on this project. You may leave the completed comment sheet with us this evening in the box marked "COM-
MENTS" or mail it later to one of the following addresses:
Mr. Jay Bissett, P.E.
Consultant Engineering Unit Head
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
[phone] ext. 269
Mr. Jim Buck, P.E.
Project Manager
Earth Tech
701 Corporate Center Drive
Suite 475
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
[phone]

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4 Citizens Informational Workshop - March 16, 1

TABLE D -1
COMMON INDOOR AND OUTDOOR NOISES
Sound Sound
COMMON OUTDOOR Pressure
NOISES (µPa) Pressure
Level COMMON INDOOR
NOISES
(dBA)

6,324,555 110 Rock band at 5 meters
Jet flyover at 300 meters
2,000,000 100 Inside NY Subway train
Gas lawnmower at 1 meter
632,456 90 Food blender at 1 meter
Diesel truck at 15 meters
Noisy urban daytime 200,000 80 Garbage disposal at 1 meter
Shouting at 1 meter
Gas lawnmower at 30 meters 63
246 70 Vacuum cleaner at 3 meters
Commercial area , Normal speech at 1 meter

20
000 60
,
' Large business office
Quiet urban daytime 6,325 50 Dishwasher in next room

Quiet urban nighttime 2,000 40 Small theatre
Quiet suburban nighttime Library
632 30 Bedroom at night
Quiet rural nighttime Concert hall
200 20
Broadcast/recording studio
63 10
Threshold of hearing

20 0

Source: Highway Noise Fundamentals, Federal Highway Administration, September 1980, Page 29.

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TABLE D - 2
FHWA NOISE ABATEMENT CRITERIA
Activity Leq
Category (hour)* Description of Activity Category
A 57 Lands on which serenity and quiet are of extraordinary significance and serve an important
(exterior) public need, and where the preservation of those qualities is essential if the area is to continue
to serve its intended purpose.
B 67 Picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sports areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels,
(exterior) schools, churches, libraries and hospitals.
C 72 Developed lands, properties, or activities not included in Categories A or B above.
(exterior)
D -- Undeveloped lands.
E 52 Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries, hospitals, and
(interior) auditoriums.
* Hourly A-weighted Average Noise Level
Source: Title 23 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 772
TABLE D - 3
DEFINITION OF SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN NOISE LEVELS
Existing Average Noise Level Increase (in decibels) from Existing Noise Levels to
(dBA Leq) Future Noise Levels
<_ 50 >_ 15
> 50 >_ 10
Source: North Carolina Dept. of Transportation Noise Abatement Guidelines

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TABLE D - 4
EXISTING NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
Site Date and Time Location Description Measured Avg. Modeled Avg.
Noise Level Noise Level
(dBA Leq) dBA Leq(h))
A 1/12/99 SW comer of About 50 ft from NC 55, on cut 70.4 71.4
7:50-8:05 am NC 55/Jenks Rd Inter. about 10 ft above road.
1/12/99 East of NC 55 about 650 At a church, about 50 ft from 8
67 69
7
B 8:20-8:35 am ft south of Lewey Dr. NC 55, about 6 ft below road. . .
C 1/12/99 East of NC 55, about 250 Across from Primrose Daycare, 68.3 69.4
8:50-9:05 am ft north of Caraway Dr. about 50 ft from NC 55
D 1/12/99 NW comer of NC 551 At Brook Arbor Apts, about 69.9 69.1
9:35-9:50 am Brook Arbor Dr inter. 50 ft from NC 55
E 1/12/99 SE corner of NC 551 In a field, about 50 ft from 68.1 70.4
10:15-10:30 am Good Hope Ch. Rd inter. NC 55.
F 1/12/99 East of NC 55 about 650 At north end of Triangle Brick 67.3 68.5
10:40-10:55 am ft south of Alston Ave.
G 1/12/99 West of NC 55 about At Crossland Economy Studios 64.0 66.3
11:05-11:20 am 1,950 ft south of NC 54 Hotel about 50 ft from NC 55
1/12/99 750 north
East of NC 55 In a field just north of China
H 11:33-11:48 am ,
of Meridian Pkwy One restaurant, about 50 ft 65.9 66.7
from NC 55.

I 1/12/99
11:55 am - SW comer of NC 551 In a field, about 50 ft from
65.2
67.0
Odyssey Dr inter. NC 55.
12:10 pm
D-3

TABLE D - 5
DISTANCES TO 2023 NC 55 NOISE CONTOURS - BUILD CONDITION
NC 55 Segment Maximum 2023 Predicted
l Contour Distances Approximate Number of
Impacted Receptors in
Noise Level (dBA Leq) at
: (ft) Activity Categoriy2
50 ft 100 ft 200 ft 66 dBA 71 dBA A B C D E
US 64 to Fantail Lane 72 68 63 154 86 0 15 1 0 0
Fantail Lane to 72 68 62 149 83 0 44 1 0 1
Connemara Rd
Connemara Rd to Green Hope 73 68 63 156 88 0 15 1 0 0
School Rd
Green Hope School Rd to 72 68 63 159 91 0 9 2 0 0
Carpenter Fire Station Rd
Carpenter Fire Station Rd to 73 69 63 168 96 0 15 3 0 0
Future I-540 (near Alston Ave)
Future I-540 (near Alston Ave) 75 71 65 207 123 0 1 0 0 0
to TW Alexander Dr
TW Alexander Dr to 74 70 64 188 109 0 3 6 0 0
Sedwick Rd
Sedwick Rd to south of NC 54 74 70 64 179 102 0 4 1 0 0
Meridian Pkwy to 74 69 64 178 102 0 2 4 0 0
Carpenter-Fletcher Rd
--
Carpenter-Fletcher Rd to
;T 69
T 63 171 98 0 6 2 0 0
Cornwallis I I
TOTAL 0 114 21 0 1
1. Distance is from the centerline of the proposed widened NC 55.
2. Activity Categories are from the FHWA Noise Criteria (See Table 2).
D-4

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TABLE D - 6
NOISE MODEL RESULTS
Approximate Approximate
Existing No-Build Alternative Build Alternative
Receptor
Number
and
Category

Description Distance to
Centerline of
Existing
NC 55

(B) Distance to
Centerline of
Proposed NC
55

(R) Noise

Level
dBA

q() Predicted

Noise
Level
(2023)
dBA
Leq(h)' Change

Ove
Noise Existing

Levels Predicted

Noise
Level
(2023)
dBA
Leq(h)' Change

Ove

Existing
Noise

Levels
SECTION 1- FROM US 64 TO FANTAIL LANE
1 C Bus. - Gas Stn 110 110 66 68 +2 69 +3
2C Bus. - Restaurant 90 90 67 70 +3 71 * +4
3B Apt - 9 unit 115 115 62 65 +3 66 * +4
4B Apt - 9 unit 115 115 62 65 +3 66 * +4
5B Apt - 9 unit 115 115 62 65 +3 66 * +4
SECTION 2 - FROM FANTAIL LANE TO CONNEMARA R D
6B Rectn (Tennis Ct) 90 90 67 69 * +2 70 * +3
7B Apt -18 unit 190 190 58 60 +2 61 +3
8B Residence 190 190 61 63 +2 64 +3
9B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
10B Residence 110 110 65 68 * +3 69 * +4
11B Residence 120 120 65 67 * +2 68 * +3
12B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
13B Apt-18 unit 150 150 63 65 +2 66 * +3
14B Apt -18 unit 165 165 59 61 +2 62 +3
15B Apt -18 unit 250 250 58 61 +3 61 +3
16B Apt -18 unit 210 210 57 59 +2 60 +3
17C Apartment Office 160 160 62 65 +3 65 +3
18B Residence 160 160 62 65 +3 65 +3
19B Residence 120 120 65 67 * +2 68 * +3
20B Residence 120 120 65 67 * +2 68 * +3
21B Residence 160 160 62 65 +3 65 +3
22B Residence 240 240 58 61 +3 61 +3
23B Residence 145 145 63 66 * +3 66 * +3
24B Residence 220 220 59 62 +3 62 +3
25B Residence 145 145 63 66 * +3 66 * +3
26B Residence 230 230 59 61 +2 62 +3
27C Business 130 130 64 67 +3 67 +3
28C Business 50 50 71 73 * +2 74 * +3
29B Residence 90 90 67 69 * +2 70 * +3
D-5

TABLE D - 6
NOISE MODEL RESULTS
Approximate Approximate
Existing No-Build Alternative Build Alternative
Receptor
Number
and
Category

Description Distance to
Centerline of
Existing
NC 55
iB) Distance to
Centerline of
Proposed NC
55
(R)
Noise
Level
dBA
Leq(h) Predicted
Noise
Level
2023
tdBA)
Leq(h)1
Change
Over
Existing
Noise
Levels Predicted
Noise
Level
2023
(dBA)
Leq(h)'
Change
Over
Existing
Noise
Levels
30B Residence 90 90 67 69 * +2 70 * +3
31B Residence 260 260 58 60 +2 60 +2
32B Residence 70 70 69 71 * +2 72 * +3
33B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
34B Residence 230 230 59 61 +2 62 +3
35B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
36B Residence 145 145 63 66 * +3 66 * +3
37B Residence 110 110 65 68 * +3 69 * +4
38B Residence 180 180 61 64 +3 64 +3
39B Residence 90 90 67 69 * +2 70 * +3
40E Church 90 90 57 59 * +2 60 * +3
41B Residence 80 80 68 70 * +2 71 * +3
42B Residence 120 120 65 67 * +2 68 * +3
43B Residence 200 200 60 63 +3 63 +3
44B Residence 200 200 60 63 +3 63 +3
45B Residence 200 200 60 63 +3 63 +3
46B Residence 200 200 60 63 +3 63 +3
47B Residence 200 200 60 63 +3 63 +3
48B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
49B Residence 120 120 65 67 * +2 68 * +3
50B Residence 150 150 63 65 +2 66 * +3
51B Residence 180 180 61 64 +3 64 +3
52B Residence 240 240 58 61 +3 61 +3
53B Residence 160 160 62 65 +3 65 +3
54B Residence 130 130 64 67 * +3 67 * +3
55B Residence 160 160 62 65 +3 65 +3
56B Residence 200 200 60 63 +3 63 +3
57B Residence 150 150 63 65 +2 66 * +3
58B Residence 130 130 64 67 * +3 67 * +3
59B Residence 170 170 62 64 +2 65 +3
60B Daycare Facility 110 110 65 68 * +3 69 * +4
61B Residence 190 190 61 63 +2 64 +3
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TABLE D - 6
NOISE MODEL RESULTS
Approximate Approximate
Existing No-Build Alternative Build Alternative
Receptor
Number
and
Category

Description Distance to
Centerline of
Existing
NC 55
?B) Distance to
Centerline of
Proposed NC
55
eft) Noise

Level
dBA
?9?h) Predicted

Noise
Level
2023)
(dBA
Leq(h)1 Change

?,e
Existing
Noise
Levels Predicted

Noise
Level
2023
(dBA
Leq(h)I Change

Ove
Existing
Noise
Levels
62B Residence 180 180 61 64 +3 64 +3
63B Residence 150 150 63 65 +2 66 * +3
64B Residence 170 170 62 64 +2 65 +3
65B Residence 200 200 60 63 +3 63 +3
66B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
67B Residence 130 130 64 67 * +3 67 * +3
68B Residence 160 160 62 65 +3 65 +3
69B Residence 230 230 59 61 +2 62 +3
70C Bus. - Gas Stn 130 130 64 67 +3 67 +3
71C Bus. - Shop. Ctr. 380 380 53 56 +3 56 +3
72C Business 140 140 63 66 +3 67 +4
73C Business 100 100 66 69 +3 70 +4
74B Residence 160 160 62 65 +3 65 +3
75B Residence 130 130 64 67 * +3 67 * +3
76B Residence 150 150 63 65 +2 66 * +3
77B Residence 180 180 61 64 +3 64 +3
78B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
79B Residence 130 130 64 67 * +3 67 * +3
80B Residence 140 140 63 66 * +3 67 * +4
81B Residence 220 220 59 62 +3 62 +3
82B Residence 90 90 67 69 * +2 70 * +3
SECTION 3 - FROM CONN EMARA RD TO GREEN HOPE SCHOOL RD
83B Residence 100 100 66 70 * +4 70 * +4
84B Apt -12 unit 120 120 65 69 * +4 69 * +4
85B Apt -12 unit 110 110 65 69 * +4 69 * +4
86C Apartment Office 220 220 59 63 +4 63 +4
87B Apt -12 unit 160 160 59 63 +4 63 +4
88C Business 140 140 63 67 +4 67 +4
89B Residence 100 100 66 70 * +4 70 * +4
90B Apt -12 unit 260 260 54 59 +5 58 +4
91B Apt-12 unit 130 130 61 65 +4 65 +4
92B Apt -12 unit 130 130 61 65 +4 65 +4
D-7

TABLE D - 6
NOISE MODEL RESULTS
Approximate Approximate
Existing No-Build Alternative Build Alternative
Receptor
Number
and
Category

Description Distance to
Centerline of
Existing
NC 55
(ft) Distance to
Centerline of
Proposed NC
55
?B) Noise

Level
eq(
dBA
?q?h) Predicted
Noise
Level
2023)
(dBA
Leq(b)'
Change
Over
Existing
Noise
Levels Predicted
Noise
Level
2023)
(dBA
Leq(h)'
Change
Over
Existing
Noise
Levels
93C Bus- Self Storage 120 120 65 69 +4 69 +4
94C Business 80 80 68 72 * +4 72 * +4
95B Residence 100 100 66 70 * +4 70 * +4
SECTION 4 - GREEN HOPE SCHOOL RD T O CARPENTER FIRE STATION RD
96C Bus- Auto Repair 180 202 61 65 +4 64 +3
97B Residence 160 138 62 66 * +4 67 * +5
98B Residence 160 138 62 66 * +4 67 * +5
99C Business 100 78 66 70 +4 72 * +6
100B Residence 120 98 65 69 * +4 70 * +5
101B Residence 80 58 68 72 * +4 74 * +6
102C Business 170 148 62 66 +4 67 +5
103B Residence 160 138 62 66 * +4 67 * +5
104B Residence 120 142 65 69 * +4 67 * +2
105B Residence 220 198 59 63 +4 64 +5
106B Residence 100 78 66 70 * +4 72 * +6
107B Residence 110 132 65 69 * +4 68 * +3
108B Residence 170 192 62 66 * +4 64 +2
109C Bus. - Gas Stn 110 88 65 69 +4 71 * +6
110B Residence 100 122 66 70 * +4 69 * +3
SECTION 5 - FROM CARPE NTER FIRE STN RD TO FUT URE 1-540 ( NEAR ALSTON AVE)
111C Bus. - Gas Stn 100 78 66 71 * +5 73 * +7
112B Residence 200 222 61 65 +4 63 +2
113B Residence 100 78 66 71 * +5 73 * +7
114B Residence 110 88 66 70 * +4 72 * +6
115C Business 170 198 62 66 +4 64 +2
116B Residence 120 142 65 69 * +4 68 * +3
117B Residence 80 58 68 72 * +4 75 * +7
118B Residence 220 198 60 64 +4 64 +4
119B Residence 100 122 66 71 * +5 69 * +3
120B Residence 220 198 60 64 +4 64 +4
121B Residence 100 122 66 71 * +5 69 * +3
122B Residence 80 102 68 72 * +4 71 * +3
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TABLE D - 6
NOISE MODEL RESULTS
Approximate Approximate
Existing No-Build Alternative Build Alternative
Receptor
Number
and
Category

Description Distance to
Centerline of
Existing
NC 55

(B) Distance to
Centerline of
Proposed NC
55

(ft) Noise

Level
dBA

Leq(h) Predicted

Noise
Level
(2023)
dBA
Leq(h)1 Change

Ove
Existing
Noise

Levels Predicted

Noise
Level
(2023)
dBA
Leq(h)' Change

Ove
Existing
Noise

Levels
123B Residence 220 198 60 64 +4 64 +4
124B Residence 130 152 64 69 * +5 67 * +3
125B. Residence 110 132 66 70 * +4 68 * +2
126B Residence 160 138 63 67 * +4 68 * +5
127B Residence 160 138 63 67 11 * +4 68 * +5
128B Residence 110 88 66 70 * +4 72 * +6
129C Ind. - Cell Tower 120 98 65 69 +4 71 +6
130B Residence 90 112 67 71 * +4 70 * +3
131B Residence 90 112 67 71 * +4 70 * +3
132C Ind.-Triangle
Brick 80 58 68 72 * +4 75 * +7
133C Business 120 98 65 69 +4 71 * +6
134B Residence 120 98 65 69 * +4 71 * +6
SECTION 6 - FROM FUTURE I-540 (NEAR ALSTON AVE) TO TW ALEXANDER DR
135B Residence 190 168 64 67 * +3 68 * +4
136C Ind. - WWTP 320 342 58 62 +4 60 +2
SECTION 7 - FROM TW ALEXANDER DR TO SEDWICK RD
137C Business 150 150 - 65 68 +3 68 +3
138C Business 100 100 68 72 * +4 72 * +4
139C Business 120 120 67 71 * +4 70 +3
140C Business 80 80 70 73 * +3 74 * +4
141C Bus. - Gas Stn 100 100 68 73 * +5 73 * +5
142B Residence 120 120 67 70 * +3 70 * +3
143C Office Bldg 100 100 68 73 * +5 73 * +5
144B Residence 100 100 69 73 * +4 73 * +4
145B Residence 110 110 68 71 * +3 71 * +3
146C Business 80 80 70 73 * +3 74 * +4
147C Bus- Self Storage 110 110 68 71 * +3 71 * +3
SECTION 8 - FROM SEDWICK RD TO NC 54
148B Residence 80 80 69 72 * +3 73 * +4
149C Business 140 140 65 68 +3 68 +3
150C Business 140 140 65 68 +3 68 +3
151C Business 100 100 67 70 +3 71 * +4
D-9

TABLE D - 6
NOISE MODEL RESULTS
Approximate Approximate
Existing No-Build Alternative Build Alternative
Nu
Receptor
Number
and
Category
Description Distance to

Centerline of
Existing
NC 55
(B) Distance to

Centerline of
Proposed NC
55
(B) Noise

Level

I
dB A
9() Predicted

Noise
Level
(2023)
dBA
Leq(h)I

Change
Over
Existing
Noise
Levels Predicted

Noise
Level
(2023)
dBA
Leq(h)1

Change
Over
Existing
Noise
Levels
152B Hotel 130 130 62 65 +3 66 * +4
153B Residence 140 140 65 68 * +3 68 * +3
154B Residence 340 340 56 59 +3 59 +3
155B Residence 120 120 66 69 * +3 70 * +4
156C Business 140 140 65 68 +3 68 +3
SECTION 9 - FROM MERIDIAN PKWY TO CARPENTER/FLETCHE R RD
157B Hotel 120 140 65 68 * +3 68 * +3
158C Bus. - Shop. Ctr. 150 130 63 66 +3 69 +6
159C Business 120 120 65 68 +3 68 +3
160C Business 70 90 69 71 * +2 72 * +3
161B Residence 100 80 67 69 * +2 73 * +6
162C Business 100 80 67 69 +2 73 * +6
163C Business 90 70 67 70 +3 74 * +7
164C. Business 100 80 67 71 * +4 74 * +7
165C Business 90 110 67 70 +3 70 +3
166C Business 190 210 61 68 +7 68 +7
167C Business 250 270 58 67 +9 67 +9
SECTION 10 - FROM CARP ENTER/FLETCHER RD TO C ORNWALLIS RD
168B Residence 100 120 69 72 * +3 69 * 0
169C Business 260 280 61 63 +2 61 0
170C Bus- Self Storage 140 260 66 69 +3 67 +1
171C Business 150 170 66 68 +2 66 0
172B Residence 110 90 69 71 * +2 72 * +3
173B Residence 120 100 68 70 * +2 71 * +3
174B Residence 110 90 69 71 * +3 72 * +3
175C Business -110 130 69 71 * +3 69 0
176C Business 80 100 71 73 * +2 71 * 0
177B Residence 120 100 68 70 * +2 71 * +3
178B Residence 180 160 64 67 * +3 67 * 0
D-10

1

1
j

L

n

1

TABLE D - 6
NOISE MODEL RESULTS
Approximate Approximate No-Build Alternative Build Alternative
Existing
Receptor Distance to Distance to
Noise Predicted Predicted
Number
Description Centerline of Centerline of
Level Noise Change Noise Change
and Existing Proposed NC
dBA Level Over Level Over
Category NC 55 55
Leq(h) 2023
(
) Existing 2023
( Existing
(R) (R) dBA Noise dBA Noise
Leq(h)' Levels Leq(h)1 Levels
179C Bus. - Gas Stn 120 140 69 72 * +3 70 +1
180C Bus. - Gas Stn 110 90 69 72 * +3 72 * +3
1. * indicates a receptor is predicted to experience future noise levels that approach or exceed the FHWA Noise Abatement
Criteria.

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C)I C)() L-)
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
December 8, 1998
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 2761
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
(2Ync6
?Q Ra_I
This responds to your letter of October 23, 1998, requesting information from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) for the purpose of evaluating the potential environmental impacts of the
proposed improvements to NC 55, from US 64 in Wake. ounty to SR 1 121 (Cornwallis Road) in
Durham County, North Carolina (TIP No_ R2906) This report provides scoping information
and is provided in accordance with provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA)
(16 U.S.C. 661-667d) and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). This report also serves as initial scoping comments to federal and state
resource agencies for use in their permitting and/or certification processes for this project.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen NC 55 from a
two-lane roadway to a multi-lane facility. A five-lane curb and gutter facility will be constructed
from US 64 to SR 1621 (Green Hope School Road). For the section between SR. 1621 and the
Durham city limit, a typical section will be selected after meeting with local officials. From the
Durham city limit to SR 1121, a five-lane curb and gutter roadway is anticipated to be
constructed.
The mission of the Service is to provide leadership in the conservation, protection, and
enhancement of fish and wildlife, and their habitats, for the continuing benefit of all people. Due
to staffing limitations, we are unable to provide you with site-specific comments at this time.
However, the following recommendations are provided to assist you in your planning process and
to facilitate a thorough and timely review of the project.
Generally, the Service recommends that wetland impacts be avoided and minimized to the
maximum extent practical as outlined in Section 404 (b)(1) of the Clean Water Act Amendments
of 1977. In regard to avoidance and minimization of impacts, we recommend that proposed
highway projects be aligned along or adjacent to existing roadways, utility corridors, or previously

developed areas in order to minimize habitat fragmentation and encroachment. Areas exhibiting
high biodiversity or ecological value important to the watershed and region should be avoided.
Crossings of streams and associated wetland systems should use existing crossings and/or occur
on a structure wherever feasible. Where bridging is not feasible, culvert structures that maintain
natural water flows and hydraulic regimes without scouring, or impeding fish and wildlife passage,
should be employed. Highway shoulder and median widths should be reduced through wetland
areas. Roadway embankments and fill areas should be stabilized by using appropriate erosion
control devices and techniques. Wherever appropriate, construction in sensitive areas should
occur outside fish spawning and migratory bird nesting seasons.
The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps of the Cary and Green Level 7.5 Minute
Quadrangles indicate that there may be wetland resources along the proposed corridor. However,
while the NWI maps are useful for providing an overview of a given area, they should not be
relied upon in lieu of a detailed wetland delineation by trained personnel using an acceptable
wetland classification methodology.
We reserve the right to review any federal permits that may be required for this project, at the
public notice stage. We may have no objection, provide recommendations for modification of the
project, or recommend denial. Therefore, it is important that resource agency coordination occur
early in the planning process in order to resolve any conflicts that may arise and minimize delays
in project implementation.
In addition to the above guidance, we recommend that the environmental documentation for this
project include the following in sufficient detail to facilitate a thorough review of the action-
A clearly defined purpose and need for the proposed project, including a discussion of the
projects's independent utility,
2. A description of the proposed action with an analysis of all alternatives being considered,
including the upgrading of existing roads and a "no action" alternative;
A description of the fish and wildlife resources, and their habitats, within the project
impact area that may be directly or indirectly affected;
4. The extent and acreage of waters of the U.S., including wetlands, that are to be impacted
by filling, dredging, clearing, ditching, or draining. Acres of wetland impact should be
differentiated by habitat type based on the wetland classification scheme of the
National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). Wetland boundaries should be determined by using
the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual and verified by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (Corps),
2
I'E
The anticipated environmental impacts, both temporary and permanent, that would be
likely to occur as a direct result of the proposed project. The assessment should also
include the extent to which the proposed project would result in secondary impacts to
natural resources, and how this and similar projects contribute to cumulative adverse
effects,
6. Design features and construction techniques which would be employed to avoid or
minimize the fragmentation or direct loss of wildlife habitat value,
7. Design features, construction techniques, or any other mitigation measures which would
be employed at wetland crossings and stream channel relocations to avoid or
minimize impacts to waters of the United States, and,
8. If unavoidable wetland impacts are proposed, we recommend that every effort be made to
identify compensatory mitigation sites in advance. Project planning should include a
detailed compensatory mitigation plan for offsetting unavoidable wetland impacts.
Opportunities to protect mitigation areas in perpetuity, preferably via conservation
easement, should be explored at the outset.
The attached pages identify the federally-listed endangered, threatened, and candidate species that
are known to occur in Durham and Wake Counties. Habitat requirements for the federally-listed
species in the project area should be compared with the available habitat at the project site. If
suitable habitat is present within the action area of the project, field surveys for the listed species
should be performed. Environmental docurnentation should include survey methodologies and
results. In addition to this guidance, the following information should be included in the
document regarding protected species:
A map and description of the specific area used in the analysis of direct, indirect, and
cumulative impacts,
2. A description of the biology and status of the listed species and the habitat of the species
that may be affected by the action, including the results of any onsite inspections;
3. An analysis of the "effects of the action" on the listed species and associated habitat
which includes consideration of
a. The environmental baseline which is an analysis of the effects of past and ongoing
human and natural factors leading to the current status of the species and its
habitat;
b. The impacts of past and present federal, state, and private activities in the project
area and cumulative impacts area,
The direct and indirect impacts of the proposed action. Indirect effects are those
that are caused by the proposed action and are later in time, but are still
reasonably certain to occur;
d. The impacts of interrelated actions (those that are part of a larger action and
depend on the larger action for their justification) and interdependent actions
(those that have no independent utility apart from the action under consideration);
and,
The cumulative impacts of future state and private activities (not requiring federal
agency involvement) that will be considered as part of future Section 7
consultation;
4. A description of the manner in which the action may affect any listed species or
associated habitat including project proposals to reduce/eliminate adverse effects. Direct
mortality, injury, harassment, the loss of habitat, and/or the degradation of habitat are all
ways in which listed species may be adversely affected;
A summary of evaluation criteria to be used as a measure of potential effects. Criteria
may include post-project population size, long-term population viability, habitat quality,
and/or habitat quantity; and,
6. Based on evaluation criteria, a determination of whether the project is not likely to
adversely affect or may affect threatened and endangered species.
Candidate species are those plant and animal species for which the Service has sufficient
information on their biological status and threats to their survival to propose them as endangered
or threatened under the ESA. Although candidate species receive no statutory protection under
the ESA, federal agencies are required to informally confer with the Service on actions likely to
jeopardize the continued existence of these species or that may destroy or modify proposed
critical habitat.
Federal species of concern (FSC) include those species for which the Service does not have
enough scientific information to support a listing proposal or species which do not warrant listing
at the present time. These species receive no statutory protection under the ESA, but could
become candidates in the future if additional scientific information becomes available indicating
that they are endangered or threatened. Formal listing places the species under the full protection
of the ESA, and necessitates a new survey if its status in the project area is unknown. Therefore,
it would be prudent for the NCDOT to avoid any adverse impacts to candidate species or their
habitat. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program should be contacted for information on
species under state protection.
4
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project. Please continue to advise us
during the progression of the planning process, including your official determination of the
impacts of this project. If you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at
919-856-4520, ext. 32.
Sincerely,
John M. Hefner
Ecological Services Supervisor
Enclosures
FWS/R4:TMcCartney:TM:12/08/98:919/856-4520 extension 32:\r-2906.tip
cc:
COE, Raleigh, NC (Eric Alsmeyer)
NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC (Cyndi Bell)
FHWA, Raleigh, NC (Nicholas Graf)
WRC, Creedmoor, NC (David Cox)
EPA, Atlanta, GA (Ted Bisterfield)
5
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
May 13, 1999
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
N.C. Division of Highways
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
16
This responds to your letter of April 7, 1999, requesting comments from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) on the Federal Categorical Exclusion (FCE), dated March 1999, for the
widening of NC 55 to a multi-lane facility from US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), Wake and
Durham Counties, North.Carolina (TIP No. R-2906). This report is provided in accordance with
provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 661-667d) and Section 7 of the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543).
According to the FCE, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has carried
forward two feasible build alternatives with wetland impacts ranging from 0.58 to 0.92 acre and
stream impacts from 1667 linear feet to 1785 linear feet. The alternatives are Combination
Widening and West-Side Widening respectively. It is noted that the 1667 linear feet is the
remainder after relocation of 1100 linear feet of one previously channelized stream (Long Branch)
using a natural channel design (Rosgen Methodology). Combination Widening, a combination of
symmetrical, east-side, and west-side widening is the recommended alternative. This alternative
proposes to widen an existing two mile, two-lane, section of NC 55 using a combination of five-
lane, four-lane divided, curb and gutter, and shoulder sections.
Purpose and Need
The Service concurs that the primary purpose and needs for this project have been adequately
stated and supported by written discussion and tabular data.
Alternatives Analysis
In addition to the "No Build" and "Transportation System Management" alternatives, four build
alternatives were originally considered. Symmetrical widening and east-side widening were
eliminated from consideration. Symmetrical widening was eliminated because it would require
.r?
costly total reconstruction of the highway and would present extremely difficult traffic
management problems. East-side widening was dropped from consideration because, in several
locations, NC 55 cannot be widened on the east side due to the close proximity of the CSX
Railroad.
As noted previously, Combination Widening is the preferred alternative and represents a
compromise between wetland. impacts, costs, and adverse impacts to properties.
The Service concurs with this decision. However, the Service retains the right to recommend
other alternatives if data not contained in this FCE become available, and to provide comments on
the final alignment.
Wetlands
As required by the 404(b)(1) guidelines of the Environmental Protection Agency, the NCDOT
should first endeavor to avoid, then minimize, and finally compensate for wetland losses that
would be incurred if this project is implemented. As noted on page 16 of the FCE the preferred
alternative will impact 0.58 acre of wetland and 1667 linear feet of streams (after relocation of
1100 linear feet of an existing channelized stream). Avoidance and minimization have been
accomplished by selecting an alignment that minimized wetland encroachment. In addition, the
use of the steepest possible fill slopes in wetland areas, and high quality sedimentation and erosion
control standards for the protection of surface waters and wetlands will be utilized for the entire
length of the project.
As noted on page 41, appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation is required for
unavoidable adverse impacts. The NCDOT proposes to relocate 1100 linear feet of previously
channelized stream using a natural channel design (Rosgen Methodology). The remaining
wetland and stream impacts will be addressed by purchasing mitigation from the Wetland
Restoration Program (WRP) of the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (NCDENR). Based on the information provided the Service concurs with both the
stream relocation and the proposal to use the State's WRP to mitigate for stream and wetland
impacts.
Endangered Species -
The Service notes that the FCE provides a detailed discussion (pgs. 31-36) of the potential project
related impacts on federally-listed threatened and endangered, and candidate, species. There are
five federally-protected species listed for Wake and Durham Counties, and NCDOT has
determined that there will be "No Effect" of the project on any of the listed species. The Service
concurs with NCDOT's "No Effect" determinations. However, this decision would be
reconsidered if additional information on listed species that could be impacted by this project
comes to light, or if there is a significant change in project plans.
2
Section 4(f)
Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 specifies that the Secretary of
Transportation may not approve the use of land from any publicly owned park, recreational area,
wildlife and waterfowl refuge, or other designated area, purchased all, or in part, with Federal
funds unless a determination has been made that: (1) there is no feasible and prudent alternative to
the use of the land from the property and (2), the action includes all possible planning to minimize
harm to the property from such use.
This FCE provides a 4(f) declaration that specifically addresses an historic district. Potential
impacts on this site was coordinated with the appropriate agency under Section 106 of the
National Historic Preservation Act. In addition, the document states that there will be no use of
Section 4(f) lands under our jurisdiction.. The Service concurs with this determination.
Summary
The Service considers that this FCE adequately addresses the existing fish and wildlife resources,
federally-listed threatened and endangered species, wetlands and waters of the United States,
Section 4(f) resources, and the potential impacts of this proposed project on these resources.
Based on the information provided, the Service concludes that this project, implemented as
described, will not have significant impact on resources under our jurisdiction provided the
proposed mitigation is carried forward as described. Any Department of the Army (DOA) permit
for this project must be conditioned to require implementation of the agency approved, wetland
and stream mitigation plan for unavoidable project losses.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on the project. Please advise us of any
changes in project plans and provide us with your response to any issues we have raised in this
letter. If you have any questions regarding these comments, contact Tom McCartney at (919)
856-4520, ext. 32.
Sincerely,
John M. nor
Ecological Services Supervisor
cc:
COE, Raleigh, NC (Eric Alsmeyer)
DWQ, Raleigh, NC (John Hennessey)
FHWA, Raleigh, NC (Nicholas Graf)
WRC, Creedmoor, NC (David Cox)
EPA, Atlanta, GA ( Ted Bisterfield)
FWS/R4:TMcCartney:TM:05/13/99:919/856-4520 extension 32:\R-2906.cat
i
r"
1
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO March 5, 1999
Regulatory Division
Action ID No. 199920092, TIP No. R-2906
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
aF...? . t
.._•?
•t

81999
Reference the project team meeting held on February 18, 1999,
and your February 22, 1999 letter, on the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposal to widen NC 55 from
US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), in Wake and Durham Counties,
North Carolina (TIP No. R-2906).
The purpose of the project team meeting was to discuss
concurrence from the project team on purpose and need,
alternatives considered, the selected alternative, and impact
minimization (concurrence point #'s 1 through 4). Information
provided at the meeting and in your letter summarizes the details
for each concurrence point.
Based on the information available at this time, including
the information provided at the project team meeting and in your
letter, we support your stated purpose and need, alternatives
considered, the selected alternative, and minimization efforts to
reduce impacts to regulated waters of the United States. As your
planning process continues, please be reminded that avoidance and
minimization of impacts to waters and wetlands should still be
undertaken to the maximum extent practicable. Also, in response
to your December 18, 1998 letter describing your efforts to find
wetland and stream mitigation within the piedmont portion of the
Cape Fear River basin, and based on the information available at
this time, we support your use of the North Carolina Wetland
Restoration Program to provide compensatory mitigation for this
project's impacts to wetlands and streams.
r?
i
Our concurrence on all of these issues will be contingent on
information obtained during our public interest review process.
We anticipate that the NCDOT's final project design will
incorporate the minimization measures that were discussed.
As a cooperating agency, we appreciate the opportunity to
coordinate with your staff prior to the finalization of the
FONSI. If you have any questions regarding our comments or
correspondence associated with this project, please do not
hesitate to me at telephone [phone], extension 23.
Sincerely,
Eric C. Alsmeyer
Regulatory Project Manager
Copies Furnished:
Mr. John Dorney
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Mr. Roy Shelton
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Ave., Rm 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-1442
2

D
UU MR - 11999
n?
. M n ~ WATER uAt17Y SEECTIC
STATE OF NORTH ("'AROLN,
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
GOVERNOR
February 22, 1999
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
US Army Corps of Engineers
6512 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 105
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
E. NORRIS TOLSON
SECRETARY
Subject: Widening of NC 55 from US 64 to SR-1121 (Cornwallis Road)
Wake and Durham Counties, Federal Aid Project No. HPSTP-55(12)
State Project No. 8.1403901, TIP Project No. R-2906
Dear Mr. Alsmeyer:
On February 18, 1999, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) presented the
subject project at the monthly NCDOT-US Army Corps of Engineers Meeting. In accordance
with the Section 404/NEPA Interagency Agreement, the purpose and need, alternatives
considered, the selected alternative, and impact minimization were discussed and agreed upon for
the widening of NC 55.
At the meeting, specific documentation for avoidance and minimization of wetland and streams
was requested. The purpose of this letter is to provide that documentation and to request formal
written concurrence with all four concurrence points.
Attached is a summary of the concurrence points for your files. For Concurrence Point #4, a
figure and explanation are attached for each wetland area impacted. Figure 1 is an index map
showing the location of all the wetland areas discussed.
TIP Project No. R-2906 is a high priority project with an accelerated schedule. Please provide
your written concurrence no later than March 5, 1999.
3? ?V l ver?oal C .0 4D

If you have any questions or need additional information please contact Mr. Jay Bissett, P.E.
immediately at [phone], extension 269.
Sincerely,

V. Charles Bruton, Ph.D., Assistant Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Attachments
John Dorney, Division of Water Quality
Tom McCartney, US Fish and Wildlife Service
David Cox, Wildlife Resource Commission
Jay Bissett, P.E., Project Manager, NCDOT
Jim Buck, P.E. - Earth Tech
CONCURRENCE POINT 91: Purpose and Need
NC 55 needs to be widened because it does not have the capacity to carry existing nor projected
traffic volumes. Without improvements, NC 55 will continue to operate at a failing level of
service. In 2003, the anticipated construction year, the average daily traffic along the proposed
project is anticipated to vary from 23,352 vehicles per day (between Meridian Parkway and SR
1182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Road)) to 10,330 vehicles per day (just north of SR 1615 (High House
Road)). In 2023, the average daily traffic along NC 55 is anticipated to vary- ±rnm.
37,759 vehicles per day (between Meridian Parkway and SR 1182 (Carpenter-Fletcher Road)) to
21,400 vehicles per day (between SR-1611 (Old Jenks Road) and SR-1610 (Lewey Road)). The
purpose of the project is to increase traffic capacity, reduce traffic congestion, and improve
access to the Research Triangle Park.
CONCURRENCE POINT 42: Alternatives Considered
Four alternatives were considered:
Alternative 1: Symmetrical widening
Alternative 2: Right (east) side widening
Alternative 3: Left (west) side widening
Alternative 4: Combination of Right (east) and Left (west) side widening to avoid and minimize
cumulative impacts
Alternative 1 is not feasible because it would require removing existing NC 55 and replacing it
with a four-lane divided facility. This would be cost prohibitive due to the significant earthwork
involved and the difficulty of maintaining traffic during construction. Alternative 2 is not
feasible in areas due to the close proximity of the railroad tracks to the east of NC 55.
CONCURRENCE POINT #3: Selected Alternative - Alternative 4
Alternative 4 is the selected alternative. The table below compares the impacts of Alternatives 3
and 4. Alternatives 1 and 2 were considered but determined neither reasonable nor feasible.
Alternative Alternative 3 Alternative 4 (Selected Alternative)
Wetlands (acres)
PFO (Forested) 0.92 0.58
Streams (feet)
Jurisdictional 711 1,901
Non-Jurisdictional 1,074 866
Total 1,785 2,767
Right of Way Parcels 47 43
Relocations 3 0
The stream impacts associated with Alternative 4 include an 1,100-foot impact to Long Branch
which can be mitigated by relocating the stream using a natural channel design (Rosgen
Techniques). This natural relocation of the stream will reduce the impacts to 801 feet of
jurisdictional stream and reduce the total stream impacts to 1,667 feet.
Based on the impacts to the natural and human environment, Alternative 4 was selected as the
least damaging practicable alternative.
CONCURRENCE POINT #4: Impact Minimization
During the February 18, 1999 meeting, each specific wetland area was examined and discussed.
A request was made to document the reasons for impacting several of the wetland sites.
In November 1998, a Natural Systems Report was prepared for a 400-foot corridor (200 feet east
and west of the existing centerline) for this project. The wetlands located in the corridor total 5.3
acres. The total length of streams in the corridor is 15,895 feet. Through avoidance and
minimization, the impacts for this project were reduced to 0.58 acres for wetlands and 1,667 feet
for streams (assuming the natural relocation of Long Branch).
An index figure and figures for the five major wetland impact areas are attached. A discussion of
each wetland impact site follows:
Wetland Impact Site No. 1:
Wetland Impact Site No 1 is on a tangent (straight). section of NC 55 where symmetrical
widening is proposed. Shifting the horizontal alignment of the road to avoid the wetlands is not
practicable since it 7xould introduce a reverse curve in an other ;vise strai,ht section. Both east
and west side asymmetrical widening were evaluated. Widening to the west would increase
wetland impacts since the northern wetland is larger than the southern one, see attached figure.
Widening to the east would reduce the impact to the northern wetland by 1,860 square feet but
increase the impact to the southern wetland by 310 square feet, for a net reduction of 1,550
square feet. This wetland impact reduction, however, would cause an impact to six business and
residential property owners. Shifting the alignment to the east would also introduce a curve in
the road, increasing the potential for accidents. Considering the impact to property owners,
safety, and the low quality of the wetlands, it was determined the road should be symmetrically
widened.
Wetland Impact Site No. 2:
Wetland Impact Site No. 2 is located in an area where the typical cross-section of the road is
transitioning from a five-lane to a four-lane median divided section. Because of this transition,
symmetrical widening is not feasible from an engineering standpoint. Widening to the west side
of NC 55 would reduce impacts to wetlands by approximately 3,000 square feet. However, north
of this site, there are six other wetland areas that would be impacted to a greater extent. In
addition to increased wetland impacts, west side widening would impact two residences and two
apartment buildings. Therefore, it was determined that the road should be widened to the east
side of NC 55 in the transition to the four-lane divided median section.
Wetland Impact Site No. 3:
Wetland Impact Site No. 3 is in the four-lane median uuviaza section of ivi. JD. As discussed in
Concurrence Point #2, symmetrical widening of the road is not feasible. Both west and east side
widening were evaluated. West side widening would impact two wetland areas greater than the
widening to the east. East side widening completely avoids one wetland and minimizes the
impact to the other. Therefore, it was determined that the road should be widened to the east.
Wetland Impact Site No. 4:
Wetland Impact Site No. 4 is in the four-lane median divided section of NC 55. As discussed in
Concurrence Point #2, symmetrical widening of the road is not feasible. Both west and east side
widening were evaluated. West side widening would cause greater wetland impacts to the
wetland on the west side of NC 55. In addition, west side widening would relocate two
residences. Therefore, it was determined that the road should be widened to the east. Widening to
the east does impact Long Branch, but the NCDOT has committed to relocated the stream
channel with a natural channel design using Rosgen Techniques.
Wetland Impact Site No. 5:
Wetland Impact Site No. 5 is in the four-lane median divided section of NC 55. As discussed in
Concurrence Point #2, symmetrical widening of the road is not feasible. Both west and east side
widening were evaluated. In this section of the project, the railroad bed runs parallel to and east
of NC 55. The railroad bed is also significantly higher in elevation than NC 55 making widening
to the east not practicable from an engineering standpoint. Therefore, it was determined the road
should be widened on the west side of NC 55.
aP ?? r\ N
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A
NCDENR
JAMES B. HUNT JR. i
GOVERNOR
WAYNE?M.DEVIrr.
SECRETARY
kQCCT. S-heNZns
DIRECTOR

C? u < <U
///??? NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ?.? ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
May 10, 1999
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
US Army Corps of Engineers
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
Dear Mr. Alsmeyer:
Subject: NCDOT Project #R-2906
USACE Action ID # 199920092
DWQ Project # 99EO256
Wake and Durham County
The purpose of this letter is to notify you that the North
Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is willing to accept
payment from the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) for wetland and stream impacts associated with the subject
project in accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding
between the NCWRP and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Based on
information supplied by the NCDOT in a memorandum dated April 26,
1999, the impacts associated with the subject project are as follows:
0.58 acres of wetlands and 801 linear feet of streams. The NCWRP
will provide the amount and type of required mitigation in Cataloging
Unit 03030002 of the Cape Fear River Basin.
If you have any questions concerning these projects or need
additional information I can be reached at 919-733-5219.
Sincerely,
Ronald E. Ferrell
Sp-
Program Manager
Wetlands Restoration Program
cc: John Dorney, Wetlands/401 Unit
David Robinson, NCDOT
P.O. BOX 29535, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27626-0535
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY /AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED/10% POST-CONSUMER PAPER
i
?SUTFo-
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
3 iv
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. E. NORMS TOLSON
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
April 26, 1999
Memorandum to: Mr. Ron Ferrell
N.C. Wetland Restoration Program
From: tr William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager C?vu
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Subject: Payment to the Wetland Restoration Program for TIP No. R-2906,
NC 55 Widening from US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 in Durham
County
The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes to widen existing NC 55 to a
multilane facility from Apex to Durham. Construction of this project will result in the
unavoidable impact of 0.58 acres of wetlands and 801 linear feet of streams.
The NCDOT minimized impacts to the wetlands and streams by the selection of a combination-
widening alternative. The NCDOT is proposing some onsite stream relocation as partial
mitigation; however, the above mentioned impacts will require other forms of mitigation.
In accordance with the provisions of the "Memorandum of Understanding between the North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Wetlands Restoration Program and
the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District" dated November 4, 1998, the NCDOT
officially requests that it be allowed to purchase restoration credits from the WRP for these
impacts. This credit purchase would enable the NCDOT to satisfy compensatory mitigation
requirements for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Division of Water
Quality. This issue was previously discussed with you and is on our priority list. The USACE
has already sent written acceptance of this request to use WRP.
The NCDOT asks that the WRP provide a letter to the USACE (Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, Raleigh
Regulatory Field Office) concerning its acceptance of this payment. The NCDOT requests that
this letter be provided to the USACE by May 3, 1999.

2
1"" L
Additienta"l nform that you would need to process this request is attached. If you
have any questio teed additional information, please contact Mr. Charles R. Cox, P.E.,
[phone], Ext. 301; 1 N
WDG/crc
Attachments
Cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, USACE, Raleigh
Mr. John Dorney, NCDENR-DWQ
Mr. David Cox, NCWRC
Mr. N.L. Graf, P.E., FHWA
Mr. Jay Bissett, P.E., PD&EA
Mr. Gordon Cashin. PD&EA
Mr. Charles R. Cox, P.E., PD&EA
Mr. Jim Buck, P.E., Earth Tech

TABLE 1: GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION
TIP PROJECT NO.: R-2906
DWQ PROJECT NO.: 99EO256
USACE ACTION ID NO: 199920092
COUNTY: Wake, Durham
RIVER BASIN: Neuse
CATALOGING UNIT OF IMPACT: 03030002
TYPE OF STREAM: The list of streams that the project crosses is attached as Table 1.
All of the streams are palustrine except for Northeast Creek. Northeast Creek could be
considered to support riverine wetlands (Cowardin). However, no riverine wetlands are
located in the immediate vicinity of the project.
AMOUNT OF MITIGATION REQUIRED: 801 linear feet (for streams that require
mitigation).
TYPE OF WETLANDS: This total wetland acreage is comprised of impacts to five wetland
sites. The impacted wetland sites are associated with Jack Branch, White Oak Creek,
Bachelor Branch, Kit Creek, and an unnamed tributary to Northeast Creek. The wetlands
are all considered palustrine systems, as defined by Cowardin et. at (1979). These
palustrine systems occur as isolated vegetated pockets, low, linear, vegetated depressions or
narrow floodplains adjacent to streams, and ponds. They vary in vegetation composition
due to disturbance and landscape position. Vegetated wetlands occur as forests, shrub
assemblages, and fringe marshes associated with pond margins.
AMOUNT OF WETLAND MITIGATION REQUIRED: 0.58 acres
USACE CONTACT: Eric Alsmeyer, 919/876-8441, Ext. 23
DOT CONTACT: Charles R. Cox, P.E., 919/733-7844, Ext. 301
DATE BY WHICH LETTER NEEDS TO BE SENT: May 3,1999

4
TABLE 2: R-2906 STREAM ORDER / IMPACTS
Stream Crossing Stream Order Mitigation
Required (If) Mitigation Not
Required (1f)
Jack Branch 2 72
Jack Branch 2 56
UT to Jack Branch 1 96
White Oak Creek 3 28
UT to White Oak Creek 1 15
Bachelor Branch 1 43
Panther Creek HW 1 85 13
UT to Panther Creek 1 45
UT to Panther Creek 1 56
Morris Branch 1 42
UT to Morris Branch 1 88
UT to Kit Creek 1 96
UT to Kit Creek 1 a
UT to Kit Creek 1 60
Kit Creek 3 10
Lower Long Branch 2 27
Upper Long Branch 2 48* 70
UT to Northeast Creek 1 94
UT to Northeast Creek 1 169
UT to Northeast Creek 2 45
Burdens Creek 3 82
UT to Northeast Creek 1 39
UT to Northeast Creek 1 30
Northeast Creek 2 24
UT to Northeast Creek 1 19
UT to Northeast Creek 1 61
UT to Northeast Creek 1 50
TOTAL STREAM IMPACTS 801 * 866
* Note: The impacts to Long Branch are actually 1,148 feet; however, 1,100 feet will be mitigated through
the relocation of the stream using a natural channel design. Therefore, the impacts that require
mitigation through WRP will be 48 feet at this location.
? ate,
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF 1?ANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201 J , _ I 1,,T(
GOVERNOR U 5ECRETKk
October 23, 1998 ??CC 1J
MEMORANDUM TO: Ms. Cyndi Bell, ?Nq G '
DWQ-DENR
4401 Reedy Creek Road
FROM:
fr7 William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
SUBJECT: NC 55, from US 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), Wake and
Durham Counties, Federal Aid Project No. HPSTP-55(12), State
Project No. 8.140390 1, TIP Project No. R-2906
The Planning and Environmental Branch of the Division of Highways has begun studying the
proposed improvements to NC 55, from US 64 in Wake County to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road)
in Durham County (see the attached figure). The project is included in the 1998-2004 North
Carolina Transportation Improvement Program.
TIP Project R-2906 calls for the widening of NC 55 from a two-lane roadway to a multi-lane
facility. A five-lane curb and gutter facility will be constructed from US 64 to SR 1621 (Green.
Hope School Road). For the section between SR 1621 and the Durham city limit, a typical
section will be selected after meeting with local officials. From the Durham city limit to
SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road), a five-lane curb and gutter roadway is anticipated to be constructed.
Environmental studies for the project are underway. Wetland and stream delineations and
surveys for threatened and endangered species are near completion. We would appreciate any
information you might have that would be helpful in evaluating potential environmental impacts
of the project. If applicable, please identify any permits or approvals which may be required by
your agency. Your comments will be used in the preparation of a federally funded Categorical
Exclusion. It is desirable that your agency respond by December 1, 1998 so that your comments
can be used in the preparation of this document.
If you have any questions concerning the project, please contact Mr. Jay Bissett, P.E. of the
Planning and Environmental Branch at [phone] ext. 269.
WDG/plr
Attachment
3042
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54
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U- SR,4621
751 Green H?oe School R 5 --
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1High\H?s?d?
=?- ?_ r _ ,ate,
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i
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NCDOT
LEGEND
Ob NC 55
- - - - Transportation Improvement Program
Major Road
Minor Road
i
Municipal Area
Planned Subdivision in Town of Cary
i
Stream or River
National Wetlands Inventory Threatened or Endangered Species
Division of Highways
Planning & Environmental Branch
Widening of NC 55 from US 64
?? ?? 64 to SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road),
i__ _ ?• Wake and Durham Counties
TIP Project No. R-2906
,? 0 1 2 3 Kilometers
k.
N. C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

TRANSMITTAL SLIP DATE
TO : Ms
Cindi Bell BLDG.
.
Water Quality Lab
FR OM: BLDG.
Archdale Bldg.

? NOTE _... _....ATION
? NOTE AND RETURN TO ME ?
?????PPPPPER YOUR REQUEST
? RETURN WITH MORE DETAILS )JJJ/
FOR YOUR APPROVAL
? NOTE AND SEE ME ABOUT THIS FOR YOUR INFORMATION
? PLEASE ANSWER ? FOR YOUR COMMENTS
? PREPARE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE ? SIGNATURE
? TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION ? INVESTIGATE AND REPORT
COMMENTS:

?C-) czo
UJ C' ire
NOTICE OF OPEN FORUM PUBLIC HEARING
FOR WIDENING OF NC 55 FROM US 64 AT APEX
TO CORNWALLIS ROAD (SR 1121) IN DURHAM
Project 8.1403901 R-2906 Wake and Durham Counties
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) will hold the above
Open Forum Public Hearing on June 3, 1999, between the hours of 4:00 PM and
7:00 PM at the Carpenter Fire Station near the intersection of NC 55 and
Carpenter Fire Station Road.
Interested individuals may attend this open forum at their convenience during the
above-stated hours. NCDOT representatives will be present to answer questions
and receive comments relative to the proposed project. No formal presentation
will be made. Additional materials may be submitted for a period of 15 days from
the date of the open forum to: Carl Goode, P.E., P. O. Box 25201, Raleigh, NC
27611.
Under this project, it is proposed to widen NC 55 to a multi-lane roadway
between US 64 at Apex and Cornwallis Road in Durham.
A copy of the Environmental. Assessment document and a map showing the
design of the project are available for public review at the Town Halls in Apex,
Cary, and Morrisville and at the Transportation Division of Durham City Hall.
In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, auxiliary aids and special
services will be provided by NCDOT, upon request. To receive special services,
please contact Mr. Goode at 919-250-4092 one week prior to the date of the
open forum.
31 U/ e_0
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
Mr. Bill Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27611
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
NCDENR
August 3, 1999
Re: Permit Application for Widening of NC 55 in Wake and Durham Counties
DWQ No. 990488; T.I.P. No. R-2906.
The Division of Water Quality has reviewed your submittal for a 401 Water Quality Certification for the
aforementioned project. Review of your application revealed it lacking necessary information required for
making an informed permit decision. The permit application was deficient in the following areas:
The enclosed mapping was of insufficient detail and accuracy to permit an informed permit decision,
The mapping failed to show all the impact sites for the project,
The proposed relocation lacked sufficient detail to permit an informed permit decision.
Therefore, pursuant to 15A NCAC 2h.0507(a)(4), we will have to place the permit application on hold until
we are supplied the necessary information. Furthermore, until the information is received by the NC
Division of Water Quality, we request (by copy of this letter) that the US Army Corps of Engineers place
the permit application on hold.
Hopefully, we can work together to expedite the processing of your permit application. If you have any.
questions or require additional information, please contact John Hennessy at 919-733-5694.
cc: Steve Mitchell, DWQ Regional Office
Eric Alsmeyer, USACE
Central Files
C:\ncdot\R-2906\cocrespondence\990488hld.doc
Sincerely,
John R. Dorney
Water Quality Certification Program
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper

D
AT F9
MichAel F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
July 8, 2003
Dr. Gregory J. Thorpe, PhD., Manager
Planning & Environmental Branch
N.C. Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
Re: Certification Pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act,
Modification to NC 55 widening in Wake and Durham Counties, TIP R-2906, Federal Aid No. BPSTP-55(12),
State Project No. 8.1403901, DWQ No. 010120mod.
Attached hereto is a modification to Certification No. 3317 issued to the North Carolina Department of
Transportation on March 13, 2001. The attached modification authorizes additional impacts to 5 linear feet of
streams located in the Cape Fear River Basin. It should be noted the modification is applicable only to the
additional proposed activities. All the authorized activities and conditions of certification associated with the
original Water Quality Certification dated March 13, 2001 and all other corresponding modifications still apply
except where superceded by this certification.
If we can be of further assistance, do not hesitate to contact us.
Attachments-`
Modification to WQC No. 3317
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Raleigh Field Office
DWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Central Files
File Copy
inc e P)vq
Klimek, P.E.
it to
Ark
N. C. Division of Water Quality 1650 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 [phone]

f wAr Michael F. Easley, Governor
Ci
?A
O QG William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
?
C/? -7 Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director

NORTH CAROLINA 401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION
THIS CERTIFICATION is issued in conformity with the requirements of Section 401 Public Laws 92-500 and
95-217 of the United States and subject to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) Regulations in 15
NCAC 2H, Section .0500. The attached modification authorizes additional impacts to 5 linear feet of streams located
in the Cape Fear River Basin. It should be noted the modification is applicable only to the additional proposed
activities. All the authorized activities and conditions of certification associated with the original Water Quality
Certification dated March 13, 2001 and all other corresponding modifications still apply except where superceded
by this certification.
The application provides adequate assurance that the discharge of fill material into the proposed wetlands in
conjunction with the proposed development will not result in a violation of applicable Water Quality Standards and
discharge guidelines. Therefore, the State of North Carolina certifies that this activity will not violate the applicable
portions of Sections 301, 302, 303, 306, 307 of PL 92-500 and PL 95-217 if conducted in accordance with the
application and conditions hereinafter set forth.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you submitted in your application, as described in the
Public Notice. Should your project change, you are required to notify the DWQ and submit a new application. If
the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and approval letter, and is thereby
responsible for complying with all the conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future exceed
one acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H.0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this
approval to remain valid, you are required to comply with all the conditions listed below. In addition, you should
obtain all other federal, state or local permits before proceeding with your project including (but not limited to)
Sediment and Erosion control, Coastal Stormwater, Non-discharge and Water Supply watershed regulations.
Condition(s) of Certification:
1. Appropriate sediment and erosion control practices which equal or exceed those outlined in the most
recent version of two manuals. Either the "North Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control Planning and
Design Manual" or the "North Carolina Surface Mining Manual" (available from the Division of Land
Resources in the DEHNR Regional or Central Offices). The control practices shall be utilized to prevent
exceedances of the appropriate turbidity water quality standard (50 NTUs in all fresh water streams and
rivers not designated as trout waters; 25 NTUs in all lakes and reservoirs, and all saltwater classes; and 10
NTUs in trout waters);
2. All sediment and erosion control measures placed in wetlands or waters shall be removed and the natural
grade restored after the Division of Land Resources has released the project;
3. Measures shall be taken to prevent live or fresh concrete from coming into contact with
waters of the state until the concrete has hardened;
4. There shall be no excavation from or waste disposal into jurisdictional wetlands or waters associated with
this permit without appropriate modification of this permit. Should waste or borrow sites be located in
wetlands or stream, compensatory mitigation will be required since it is a direct impact from road
construction activities;
5. No additional compensatory mitigation shall be done in accordance with this modification.
6. All other conditions written into previous Water Quality Certifications for this project still apply.
N. C. Division of Water Quality 1650 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 [phone]
• \NA Michael F. Easley, Governor
Q William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
\?? pG North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Co r Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
o -?
Violations of any condition herein set forth shall result in revocation of this Certification and may result
in criminal and/or civil penalties. This Certification shall become null and void unless the above
conditions are made conditions of the Federal 404 and/or coastal Area Management Act Permit. This
Certification shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or CAMA permit.
If this Certification is unacceptable to you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within sixty
(60) days following receipt of this Certification. This request must be in the form of a written petition conforming to
Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box
27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. If modifications are made to an original Certification, you have the right to an
adjudicatory hearing on the modifications upon written request within sixty (60) days following receipt of the
Certification. Unless such demands are made, this Certification shall be final and binding.
This the 8`b. day of July 2003
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
Modification to WQC No. 3317
Oncdoffll? R-2906\wgc\R-2906 modIdoc
N. C. Division of Water Quality 1650 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 [phone]
4
r
,,.srArto

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTN: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
April 18, 2003 r??,06
ri NIP
Vol
47)kr
1/4
SUBJECT: Permit Modification Request for TIP No. R-2906C, Durham County,
Federal Aid No. HPSTP-55(12), State Project No. 8.1403901, USACE
Action ID 200120353, and DWQ Project No. 010120
REFERENCE: USACE Permit, dated June 19, 2001
USACE Permit modification dated January 22, 2003
DWQ WQC 010120, dated March 13, 2001
DWQ WQC 010120mod, dated January 6, 2003
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to modify the
construction plans for the abovementioned project. Modifications are due to Utility
relocation information recently received. The purpose of this letter is to request a
modification to the Department of the Army Individual Permit, as well as to the 401
Water Quality Certification from the NC Division of Water Quality. Permit drawings
and design plans of the utility relocations are attached.
Revisions were made to the plan sheets in order to be consistent with the construction
plans. Changes include relocation of two gravity sewer lines and an existing water line.
There will be no permanent fill in Waters of the U.S. resulting from these relocations.
e?.
Temporary impacts will result from trenching and laying the lines across Northeast F
Creek, Northeast Creek North Prong, and an unnamed tributary to Northeast Creek North -
Prong. Total additional temporary stream impacts will be 5 feet. The water line
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE. WWW.DOH.DOTSTATE.NC.US RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548

Y
relocation does not result in additional stream impacts to jurisdictional areas. This
revision is included in this permit modification because it constitutes a design change in
a jurisdictional area. Specific revisions are listed below, site by site. Site numbers
correspond to the original permit drawing sheets. Sheet numbers are unique to this
modification request, indicated by "Utility" above the title block.
The revised design does not compromise NCDOT's compliance with the existing permit
conditions. No additional mitigation is proposed. The new impact sites have been
evaluated for compliance with the avoidance/minimization criteria and are in compliance
with all previous Individual Permit factors, including the following:
• Protected Species,
• Cultural Resources,
• Aquatic Life passage,
• FEMA compliance, and
• Utilities.
REVISIONS RESULTING IN JURISDICTIONAL IMPACT CHANGES
Site AJ, Utility Sheet 6 of 11
Station -Y47- 21+42
Two existing gravity sewer lines currently in conflict with the proposed culvert extension
south of the subject road at Northeast Creek North Prong will be relocated. The existing
12-inch line (Line 1) will be replaced with a 12-inch and 15-inch line underneath the
relocated Northeast Creek North Prong UT. The 8-inch line (Line 2) will be replaced and
extended along the bank of Northeast . Creek North Prong on the east side crossing
underneath the creek south of the confluence of the UT and Northeast Creek North Prong.
The new sewer lines will be laid into trenches, which will be installed in the dry using
sandbags across half the channel at a time, diverting water flow through the open portion
of the channel. Trenching across the channel will take approximately two weeks.
Following construction, the temporary diversion structure will be completely removed.
Impact change: increase of 5 feet of temporary stream impact
REVISIONS RESULTING IN NO JURISDICTIONAL IMPACT CHANGES
Site Z, Utility Sheet 9 of 11
Station -L- 639+00 to 640+00
One existing 12-inch ductile iron water line will be impacted by the proposed culvert
extension to the south of the subject road. The line will be relocated further to the south
to avoid the proposed culvert. Construction of the culvert extensions will be conducted in
the dry, necessitating water diversion via sandbags in the channel. It is anticipated that
water will be redirected for approximately four months to allow for the culverts to be
extended. Trenching across the channel will be simultaneous with culvert construction
and will take approximately two weeks. Therefore, the relocation will not incur any
additional impacts to Waters of the U.S. Following construction, the temporary diversion
structure will be completely removed.
2
The NCDOT respectfully requests that the referenced 404 Permit and 401 Water Quality
Certification be modified to reflect the revisions outlined in this letter. We are enclosing
a check for $200 to process and issue the Section 401 permit modification. If you have
any questions or need additional information, please contact Elizabeth L. Lusk at (919)
715-1444.
Respectfully,
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
Cc: Mr. David Franklin, COE, Wilmington (Cover Letter only)
Mr. John Dorney, DWQ (7 copies)
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Ms. Kathy Matthews, EPA
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. N. L. Graf, P.E., FHWA
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Burt Tasaico, P.E., Program Development
Mr. Debbie Barbour, P.E., Design Services
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Ron Wilkins, P.E., Design Services ROW
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. J.G. Nance, P.E., Division 5 Engineer
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 Environmental Officer
File: R-2906A

?iICIN1-1Y
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SITE
UTILITY
NORTH CAROLINA
OEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
DURHAM/WAKE COUNTIES
PROJECT: 8.1403901 IR-2906 A. B&CI
yr ??,? ?c l;r cc FROM I

Sheet 1 of 11
LEGEND
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TEMP. DRAINAGE
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EPB PLANT BOUNDARY
- - 9 WATER SURFACE UTILIN
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
DURHAM/WAKE COUNTIES
PROJECT: 8.1403901 (R-2906 A. BLC)
PROPOSED WIDENING OF NC 55 FROM
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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS

DURHAM-WAKE COUNTY
PROJECT 8
1403901
.
R-2906C UTILITY

NC 55 From North of North Wake
Expressway to SR 1121 Cornwallis
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTN: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
April 18, 2003 11/01 PR. '144,- 7 '9®(/,?
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SUBJECT: Permit Modification Request for TIP No. R-2906C, Durham County,
Federal Aid No. HPSTP-55(12), State Project No. 8.1403901, USACE
Action ID 200120353, and DWQ Project No. 010120
REFERENCE: USACE Permit, dated June 19, 2001
USACE Permit modification dated January 22, 2003
DWQ WQC 010120, dated March 13, 2001
DWQ WQC 010120mod, dated January 6, 2003
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to modify the
construction plans for the abovementioned project. Modifications are due to Utility
relocation information recently received. The purpose of this letter is to request a
modification to the Department of the Army Individual Permit, as well as to the 401
Water Quality Certification from the NC Division of Water Quality. Permit drawings
and design plans of the utility relocations are attached.
Revisions were made to the plan sheets in order to be consistent with the construction
plans. Changes include relocation of two gravity sewer lines and an existing water line.
There will be no permanent fill in Waters of the U.S. resulting from these relocations.
Temporary impacts will result from trenching and laying the lines across Northeast
Creek, Northeast Creek North Prong, and an unnamed tributary to Northeast Creek North
Prong. Total additional temporary stream impacts will be 5 feet. The water line
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE. WWW. DOH. DOT STATE. NC. US
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
relocation does not result in additional stream impacts to jurisdictional areas. This
revision is included in this permit modification because it constitutes a design change in
a jurisdictional area. Specific revisions are listed below, site by site. Site numbers
correspond to the original permit drawing sheets. Sheet numbers are unique to this
modification request, indicated by "Utility" above the title block.
The revised design does not compromise NCDOT's compliance with the existing permit
conditions. No additional mitigation is proposed. The new impact sites have been
evaluated for compliance with the avoidance/minimization criteria and are in compliance
with all previous Individual Permit factors, including the following:
• Protected Species,
• Cultural Resources,
• Aquatic Life passage,
• FEMA compliance, and
• Utilities.
REVISIONS RESULTING IN JURISDICTIONAL IMPACT CHANGES
Site AJ, Utility sheet 6 of 11
Station -Y47- 21+42
Two existing gravity sewer lines currently in conflict with the proposed culvert extension
south of the subject road at Northeast Creek North Prong will be relocated. The existing
12-inch line (Line 1) will be replaced with a 12-inch and 15-inch line underneath the
relocated Northeast Creek North Prong UT. The 8-inch line (Line 2) will be replaced and
extended along the bank of Northeast Creek North Prong on the east side crossing
underneath the creek south of the confluence of the UT and Northeast Creek North Prong.
The new sewer lines will be laid into trenches, which will be installed in the dry using
sandbags across half the channel at a time, diverting water flow through the open portion
of the channel. Trenching across the channel will take approximately two weeks.
Following construction, the temporary diversion structure will be completely removed.
Impact change: increase of 5 feet of temporary stream impact
REVISIONS RESULTING IN NO JURISDICTIONAL IMPACT CHANGES
Site Z, Utility Sheet 9 of 11
Station -L- 639+00 to 640+00
One existing 12-inch ductile iron water line will be impacted by the proposed culvert
extension to the south of the subject road. The line will be relocated further to the south
to avoid the proposed culvert. Construction of the culvert extensions will be conducted in
the dry, necessitating water diversion via sandbags in the channel. It is anticipated that
water will be redirected for approximately four months to allow for the culverts to be
extended. Trenching across the channel will be simultaneous with culvert construction
and will take approximately two weeks. Therefore, the relocation will not incur any
additional impacts to Waters of the U.S. Following construction, the temporary diversion
structure will be completely removed.
2
The NCDOT respectfully requests that the referenced 404 Permit and 401 Water Quality
Certification be modified to reflect the revisions outlined in this letter. We are enclosing
a check for $200 to process and issue the Section 401 permit modification. If you have
any questions or need additional information, please contact Elizabeth L. Lusk at (919)
715-1444.
Respectfully,
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
Cc: Mr. David Franklin, COE, Wilmington (Cover Letter only)
Mr. John Dorney, DWQ (7 copies)
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Ms. Kathy Matthews, EPA
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. N. L. Graf, P.E., FHWA
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Burt Tasaico, P.E., Program Development
Mr. Debbie Barbour, P.E., Design Services
Mr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Ron Wilkins, P.E., Design Services ROW
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. J.G. Nance, P.E., Division 5 Engineer
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 Environmental Officer
File: R-2906A
3
ICINITY
SIT
1\1iAF
UTILITY
I
I
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT Of TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
DURHAM/WAKE COUNTIES
PROJECT: 8.1403901 lR-2906 A, B&C1
PPOPOS=D '4!OENIN'" rlr Vr cc FROM
vs. (" y fz m . Ccn-wLv 11 l'S -.I?d .
Sheet 1 of 11

--_. LEGEND
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.s WETLAND BOUNDARY LIVE STa;T`S
x
wETItNO 90U10ER .r .-.. _ _---
? DENOTES FILL IN ---•---- -°_--_^ - --------------
COIR FIBER RO
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WETLAND ILS
DENOTES FILL IN
SURFACE WATER Z _ ADJACENT PROPERTY 0WtjEi
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EL NDMBER
DENOTES FILL IN
SURFACE WATER
PROPOSED BRIDGE
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(POND) ,
DENOTES TEMPORARY
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PROPOSED BOX CULVERT
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PROPOSED PIPE CULVERT
-
DENOTES TEMPORARY FILL - -
(DASHED LINES DENOTE -
W SURFACE WATER EXISTING STRUCTURES)
• •
? DENOTES MECHANIZED
SINGLE TREE
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f ..4- ..? FLOW DIRECTION WOODS LINE
ill TOP OF BANK DRAINAGE INLET
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--c - PROP.LILOT OF CUT VANE
r
-- PROP.LIMIT OF FILL RIP RAP
PROP. RIGHT OF WAY AIn RIP RAP ENERGY
DISSIPATOR BASIN
- -- NATURAL GROUND.
?-Ph-- PROPERTY- LINE
DRAINAGE
EASEMENT
PERMANENT DRAINAGE
EASEMENT
_ EXIST. ENDANGERED
US ANIMAL BOUNDARY
EXIST. ENDANGERED
EPB PLANT BOUNDARY
--- - 9 WATER SURFACE UTILITY
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
DURHAM/WAKE COUNTIES
PROJECT: 8.1403901 (R-2906 A. B&C)
PROPOSED WIDENING OF NC 55 FROM
ICJ 'f I _ /?r
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Sheet 2 of 11 3/74/00
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I SITE AJ
N. C. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
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PROJECT 8.1403901
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Expressway to SR 1121 Cornwallis
Road in Durham
Sheet 9 of 11
SITE AJ
N. C. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
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PROJECT 8.1403901
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NC 55 From North of North Wake
Expressway to SR 1121 Cornwallis
Road in Durham
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