20001426 Ver 1_Complete File_20040505

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August 26, 2005
Pender/Onslow County
DWQ# 19950859,
19960636, 19970712,
and 20011006
TIP Project R-2405WM
Mr. Philip S. Harris, III, P.E., Manager
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development & Environmental Analysis
Natural Environment Unit
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
RE: Haws Run Mitigation Site, R-2405WM, Pender/Onslow County
Dear Mr. Harris:
This correspondence is in reference to your letter dated June 24, 2005, regarding the Haws Run
Mitigation Site located in Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina. This site is being utilized by the
North Carolina Department of Transportation as compensatory mitigation for the road construction of R-
2405A and C, U-0092A, U-2107, U-3616 and a secondary road project.
By copy of this letter, we are notifying you that no further monitoring of the site will be required since the
construction and success criteria for the mitigation site has been met. DWQ conducted a site visit on
August 25, 2005. During the site visit, staff noted that the site was well vegetated with native species and
that the proper hydrology was present.
Thank you for your time and cooperation. If you have any questions, please contact Brian
Wrenn at 919-733-5715.
S' ce ely, ,
Alan W. Klimek,
cc: Mr. Dave Timpy, US Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington Field Office
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Chris Militscher, USEPA
Mr. Travis Wilson, WRC
Mr. Ken Averitte, NCDWQ Fayetteville Regional Office
Central Files
File Copy
N?oO thCarolina
Transportation Permitting Unit ?turallly
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] / FAX [phone] / Internet: h_r)://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer - 50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
June 24, 2005
Mr. Dave Timpy
Wilmington Regulatory Office ACOE
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
LYNDO TTPPETT
SECRETARY
Re: Haws Run Mitigation Site, Pender/Onslow Counties, State Project No. 6.259002T, TIP
No. R-2405WM, Action ID Nos. 199403620, 199704475,199603 83 6, 199402926,
199708702; DWQ Project Nos. 95859 & mods, 960636, 9700712, 011006 & mods
DCM Permit No. 77-97
Mr. Dave Timpy:
As you are aware, the Department has monitored the Haws Run Mitigation Site since its
construction in February of 1999. Located in Pender and Onslow Counties, approximately 28
miles northeast of Wilmington, this 720-acre site provides swamp forest restoration, swamp
forest enhancement, swamp forest preservation, wet savanna enhancement, wet savanna
preservation, and dry savanna enhancement. The entire site was planted and hydrologic
monitoring gauges were set in Spring of 1999 with Pond Cypress planting completed in March of
2000 due to difficulty in obtaining the needed quantities of this species. NCDOT proposed to
monitor the Haws Run mitigation site for five years or until success criteria were met; with both
hydrological and vegetation monitoring conducted each year. After each growing season, annual
monitoring reports were submitted to the appropriate regulatory agencies.
The following roadway projects have been debited from this site: R-2405A, R-2405C, U-0092A,
U-2107, U-3616, and a Secondary Road project (fender).
Hydrologic success criteria for the swamp restoration area are based on the hydrologic regime of
the Sandy Run Swamp reference area. Specifically, the mean depth to groundwater for wells in
the swamp restoration area should be at, above, or no more than 25% deeper than the mean depth
to groundwater for wells in the reference area. Hydrologic success criteria for the pine savanna
restoration stipulated that the area must be inundated or saturated within 12-inches of the surface
for a minimum of a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season. Thus for the 238-day growing
season in Pender/Onslow Counties, the criteria is a consecutive 30 days. In the area isolated by
the forestry haul road (southern swamp), success criteria were based on re-establishing the
hydrologic connection of that area to the southern swamp. Reference gauges were installed in
the southern swamp area to compare with those in the restored area. The flooding regime and
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] PARKER LINCOLN BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 2728 CAPITAL BOULEVARD
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598
groundwater depths should be similar in ear area or show recovery of these processes after
removal of the haul road. Table 1 provides a summary of the hydrologic data (the percentage of
the growing season that saturation was indicated) at each groundwater gauge location for the past
five years of monitoring.
Table 1. Summarv of Hvdrologic Monitoring Data, 2000-2004
Restoration.
Type ° ''Monitoring
Gau ge _ 2000
Results 2001 ?
Results 2002
Results 200 „
Results. x 2'0(14
Results
HR-I Ref 24.9 63.2 37.1 100.0 67.6
HR-2 Ref 31.2 100.0 59.9 100.0 100.0
Swamp HR-3 21.5 27.8 37.1 76.1 64.7
Forest HR-4 Ref 29.9 100.0 61.6 100.0 . 71.0
(1"2.5% HR-5 11.4 29.1 35.0 24.8 46.2
Expected) HR-6 43.9 97.0 100.0 100.0 55.5
HR-21 10.5 30.8 34.6 24.8 39.1
Trans. Slope HR-7 9.3 11.3 4.2 13.9 11.3
(8-12.5%
Expected) HR-8 10.1 8.8 17.3 21.4 20.2
HR-9 21.5 21.5 24.9 24.4 39.9
HR-10 10.1 15.6 17.3 24.8 38.7
HR-11 10.5 16.8 24.9 24.8 46.6
HR-12 23.6 34.5 33.8 84.5 54.6
Pine Savanna HR-13 Ref 10.9 16.8 25.7 50.8 51.7
(8-12.5% HR-14 Ref 11.4 32.4 25.3 24.8 17.2
Expected) HR-15 29.5 70.0 37.1 100.0 100.0
HR-16 Ref 9.3 8.0 16.0 24.8 17.2
HR-17 Ref 24.0 37.0 37.1 50.8 51.3
HR-18 Ref 22.8 36.2 37.1 50.8 26.1
HR-20 21.9 37.0 35.0 50.8 22.7
Haul Road HR-19 21.5 17.2 23.2 24.4 43.7
(southern HR-22 20.2 8.8 16.0 16.4 9.7
swamp forest HR-23 9.7 7.5 14.8 13.0 11.8
12.5% HR-24 Ref 3.8 4.6 2.1 7.1 8.4
expected) HR-25 Ref 9.7 7.5 14.8 11.3 23.1
Climate
Conditions Below
Average/
Average
Rainfall Below
Average/
Average
Rainfall Below
Average
Rainfall Average
Rainfall Average
Rainfall
After five years of vegetation monitoring, vegetation data for 2004 shows that the site has met
the following vegetative success criteria:
¦ Savanna Area yielded an average density of 30 trees per acre surviving, above the minimum
requirement of 20 trees per acre.
¦ Swamp Forest Area yielded an average density of 397 trees per acre surviving, above the
minimum requirement of 260 trees per acre.
It
Yearly monitoring data is provided within the annual monitoring reports submitted between 2000
and 2004.
During the annual monitoring report meeting on May 5, 2005, NCDOT and resource agencies
agreed that the Haws Run Mitigation Site could be closed and that monitoring could be
discontinued. NCDOT requests that the appropriate resource agencies provide documentation
stating that no further monitoring is required and that the site is closed. All remaining credits at
this site have been transferred to the Ecosystem Enhancement Program per the Memorandum of
Agreement dated July 22, 2003. If you have any questions about this project, please contact Mr.
Randy Griffin at [phone].
Sincerely,
Philip S. Harris, III, P.E., Unit Head
PDEA-Natural Environment Unit
cc: Mr. Brian Wrenn, DWQ
Mr. Travis Wilson, WRC
Mr. Chris Militscher, EPA
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. David Harris, P.E., NCDOT-REU
Mr. Mason Herndon, NCDOT-DEO
Mr. Bill Gilmore, EEP
Mr. Doug Huggett, DCM
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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
Haws Run Mitigation Site
Pender and Onslow County
Project No. 6.259002T
TIP No. R-2405WM
JAN 3 0 20
;p

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Prepared By:
Natural Systems Unit & Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 2000

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.OINTRODUCTION ...............................................................................1
1.1 Project Description .................................................................................2
1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Project History ..................................................................................... .. 3
2.OHYDROLOGY ................................................................................. . .
5
2.1 Success Criteria ....................................................................... ..5
2.2 Hydrologic Description ......................................................................... .. 7
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring .......................................................... ..9
2.3.1 Site Data ........................................................................................... ..9
2.3.2 Climatic Data .................................................................................... 12
2.4 Conclusions ......................................................................................... 14
3.0 VEGETATION ................................................................................ 17
3.1 Vegetation Success Criteria ........................................................ 17
3.2 Vegetation Description ......................................................................... 17
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring ......................................................... 18
2.4 Conclusions ............................................................................ 20
4.0
CONCLUSIONS ....................................
..........................................21
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ............................................10
Table 2 VEGETATION MONITORING RESULTS
A. Savanna Areas .............................................................................................16
B. Swamp Forest
Areas .........................................................................17
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.Site Location Map .................................................................................5
Figure 2. Monitoring Well Location Map ..............................................................7
Figure 3. Hydrologic Success
Map .............................................................9
Figure 4. 30 - 70 Percentile Graph ...........................................................13
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A. Depth to Groundwater Graphs
Appendix B. Comparisons of Reference and Restoration Wells
Appendix C. Site Photos
Appendix D. Slope Repair Plan
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SUMMARY
The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have
occurred in the past year at Haws Run Mitigation Site. This site was constructed
in 1998 and planted in early 1999. This is the second year of monitoring after
site construction. The site must demonstrate both hydrologic and vegetation
success for a minimum of three years.
Restoration activities at Haws Run included swamp forest and pine
savanna restoration, enhancement, and preservation components. The site is
equipped with 25 groundwater monitoring gauges, 2 surface gauges, and one
rain gauge. The on-site rain gauge was installed in July 2000; therefore local
climate office data is used along with the on-site data to provide complete data
for the entire growing season.
Hydrologic monitoring results are presented by three methods:
jurisdictional wetland criteria, average depth to groundwater, and duration of soil
saturation.
Based on jurisdictional wetland criteria, the Haws Run mitigation site met
hydrologic success for the year 2000. In the swamp forest area, all gauges
except two met or exceeded the 12.5% jurisdictional wetland criteria. In the pine
savanna area, all the gauges recorded hydroperiods greater than 8% of the
growing season, which is an improvement over the 1999 results.
Hydrologic patterns of flooding in the restoration areas across Haws Run
Mitigation site followed patterns in the reference areas. The duration of
saturation between the restoration gauges and the reference gauges were also
very comparable for the swamp and savanna areas. Results at the haul road
area were variable between the reference and restoration areas and within each
area.
Vegetation monitoring consists of three 500 feet X 500 feet sample plots
in the savanna areas, and seven 50 feet X 50 feet sample plots within the
bottomland hardwood area. Vegetation success criteria was met for 2000, with
31 trees per acre in the savanna area and 459 trees per acre in the swamp
forest area. Pond cypress was planted in the savanna area Spring 2000.
The eroded areas on the northern slope were repaired as described in the
attached plan. The as-built report and a revised debit ledger will be provided
when finalized.
The adjacent land owned by The Nature Conservancy is being pursued
for wetland mitigation, potentially providing both hydrologic and habitat benefits.
NCDOT will continue to monitor the hydrology and vegetation on the
Haws Run Mitigation site to demonstrate successful achievement of the
mitigation plan.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The Haws Run Mitigation Site was purchased in 1995 by the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to provide compensatory mitigation for
unavoidable impacts to wetlands resulting from highway construction in the
region. The site is located approximately 28 miles northeast of Wilmington,
North Carolina, straddling the Pender-Onslow County line. The site consists of
riverine swamp forests at the northern and southern ends and a cutover interior
of former wet flats and savannas with an extensive ditch and canal system. The
central canal and lateral ditches north of the electrical transmission line were
plugged in December 1997 for a short -term study to determine effects of ditch-
plugging and filling.
Full site construction began in Summer 1998 with excavation of the northern end
of the site to the reference swamp elevation and plugging/filling of the central
canal and lateral field ditches to the north of the powerline crossing.
Construction was completed in February 1999 and the site was planted in the
early spring 1999.
Final planting of pond cypress in the savanna area occurred in the Spring of
2000. This planting was delayed due to difficulty in obtaining needed quantities
of this particular specie.
After the hurricane season in 1999, the northern slope between the swamp
forest and savanna was eroded in several locations. A slope repair plan, dated
June 8 2000, was developed by Roadside Environmental Unit in cooperation
1 with the Natural Systems Unit, Division Construction personnel, and the United
States Army Corps of Engineers (Appendix XX). Five eroded areas were
backfilled and stabilized with stone lined swales. Two areas were stabilized with
seeding and matting. A low berm was constructed to direct overland flow into
the stabilized swales. This slope constitutes the transition zone between the
swamp restoration area and the savanna restoration area. No wetland mitigation
credit is expected from this zone. As-builts of the repair area and a revised debit
map are being prepared for submittal.
The adjacent land owned by The Nature Conservancy is being evaluated for
potential wetland mitigation. The site consists of approximately 720 acres,
including clear cuts, natural forests, and pine plantations. Several ditches,
including the canal along the eastern boundary of Haws Run drain the site.
Preliminary investigations are currently underway.
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1 1.2 Purpose
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In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, hydrologic and vegetative
monitoring must be conducted for a minimum of three consecutive years.
Development of the success criteria is discussed in the Haws Run Mitigation
Plan. The following report documents the results of the hydrologic and
vegetative monitoring activities in the year 2000 at the Haws Run mitigation site.
1.3 Project History
Winter 1997
Sum 1998 - Winter 1999
Spring 1999
October 1999
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March - November 1999
March 2000
August - October 2000
October 2000
March - November 2000
Pilot Study
Site Construction
Site Planted (entire site, except pond
cypress)
Vegetation Monitoring (1 yr.)
Hydrologic Monitoring
Pond Cypress Planting Completed
Slope Repair
Vegetation Monitoring (Restart - 1 yr.)
Hydrologic Monitoring
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Figure 1: Vicinity Map
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?6'? awM wa'?
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR.
GOVERNOR
January 29, 2001
Mr. David Timpy
US Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
PO Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Dear Mr. Timpy:
DAVID MCCOY
SECRETARY
Subject: 2000 Annual Monitoring Reports for the Haws Run and the USMC
Mitigation Sites in Pender/Onslow Counties
Please find enclosed the 2000 Annual Monitoring Reports for the Haws Run and the
USMC Mitigation Sites in Pender/Onslow Counties.
These reports detail the hydrologic and vegetation monitoring activities over the past year
at the sites. Per the attached e-mail from Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE Wilmington, the
Department is in agreement to wait to receive written comments from the regulatory and
resource agencies 30 days after receipt of the reports. A meeting to discuss any
outstanding issues on a site by site basis will be scheduled for March 8, 2001 at the
Transportation Building in Raleigh.
If you should have any questions, please contact Mr. Randy Griffin, Natural Systems
Engineer, or Mr. Phil Harris, PE, Natural Systems Engineer, at [phone]. Thank
you for your continued support and cooperation.
Sincerely,
O L qV.Cles Bruton, Ph.D.,
Assistant Branch Manager
Project Development and Environmental
Analysis Branch
Cc: w/ attachment
file
Scott McLendon, USACE (1)
Kelly Williams, NCDCM (2)
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FAX: [phone] - TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548 WEBSITE: WI-WV.DOH.DOT.STATE. NC.US RALEIGH, NC
John Hennessy, NCDWQ (1)
David Cox, NCWRC (1)
Tom McCartney, USFWS (1)
Ron Sechler, NMFS (1)
w/o attachments
Randy Turner, NCDOT
Gordon Cashin, NCDOT
w"
T Subject: Mitigation Monitoring Reports
Date: Fri, 5 Jan 2001 17:10:14 -0500
From: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail],
[e-mail], [e-mail]
CC: [e-mail], [e-mail]
Greetings,
As you are aware, NCDOT is in.the process of sending the annual mitigation
monitoring reports out to the regulatory and resource agencies. Instead of
bringing our comments to a meeting with NCDOT,as we have done in the past, we
have elected to provide our written comments to NCDOT for their review prior to
having any sort of meeting. If any outstanding issues remain after NCDOT has
had an opportunity to review our comments, we would plan to meet at the
Transportation Building in Raleigh on March 8, 2001.
As there is a time factor involved, we would like to provide our comments back
to NCDOT within 30 days of the receipt of the reports. To that end, a response
via e-mail is perfectly acceptable. Please provide your comments on these
reports to the appropriate NCDOT Project Manager with a copy to me in
Wilmington.
If you have any questions regarding this message, I may be reached at
910-251-4725. Point of Contact at NCDOT is Randy Griffin.
Thanks,
Scott McLendon
01/18/2001 11:191
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2.0 HYDROLOGY
2.1 Success Criteria
The Haws Run Mitigation Plan, and the Final Responses to Agency Comments,
describe the success criteria for hydrology for the site. The success criteria for
the swamp restoration area are based on the hydrologic regime of Sandy Run
Swamp reference area. Specifically, the mean depth to groundwa wells in
the swamp restoration area should be at, above, or no more tha 25% eper
than the mean depth to groundwater for wells in the reference ar a.
The success criteria for the pine savanna restoration area were initially tied to
the Lanier Quarry Savanna reference site. Subsequent to review by NCDOT and
USACE, Lanier Quarry savanna was deemed unsuitable as a reference site.
Therefore, the success criteria for Haws Run savanna restoration area reverted
to federal guidelines for wetlands as escn ed in the 1987 ACE Wetlands
Delineation Manual. These guidelines state that the area must be inundated or
saturated (within 12" of the surface) by surface or ground water for a consecutive
12.5% of the growing season. Areas inundated less than 5% of the growing
season are always classified as non-wetlands. Areas inundated between 5% -
12.5% of the growing season can be classified as wetlands depending upon
factors such as the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils.
Success criteria for the area isolated by the forestry haul road was based on
reestablishing the hydrologic connection of the area to the southern swamp. The
flooding regime and groundwater depths should be similar in each area or show
recover of these processes after removal of the haul road.
This document uses three methods to report the hydrologic monitoring results for
Haws Run mitigation site: jurisdictional wetland criteria, average depth to
groundwater, and duration of soil saturation.
The growing season for Haws Run site was calculated as an average of data
from Pender County, Onslow County, and the U.S. Weather Bureau publication,
Low Temperature Probabilities in North Carolina. Using all three data sets, the
average growing season for the Haws Run site was estimated to be 237 days in
length, lasting from March 23 to November 15. Therefore, for Haws Run to meet
the 12.5% jurisdictional wetland hydrology, the water table must not fall below
the 12-inch line for at least 30 consecutive days during the growing season
under normal precipitation. This hydroperiod is expected in the swamp forest
restoration area. The pine savanna restoration area is expected to support
jurisdictional wetland hydrology for 8% to 12.5% of the growing season. This
translates into a hydroperiod of 19 to 30 consecutive days during the growing
season along with the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils.

2.2 Hydrologic Description
After site construction, nineteen groundwater monitoring gauges (RDS WL-40)
were installed on the site (Figure 2). Two additional gauges, HR-20 and HR-21,
were installed in early Spring 2000. HR-15 was reported in the 1999 Monitoring
report as located in the delineated wetland in the pine savanna reference area.
Using GPS, the location of HR-15 fell in the pine savanna restoration area. This
revised location is reported below along with all the gauges located at Haws
Run.
• three in the swamp reference area (HR -1, HR-2, HR-4)
• five.in the swamp restoration area (HR-3, HR-5, HR-6, HR-21)
(HR-19 in the southern swamp restoration area)
• two on the slope transition area (HR-7, HR-8)
• six in the pine savanna restoration area (HR-9 through 12, HR-15, HR-20)
• five in the pine savanna jurisdictional wetlands (HR-13, HR-14, HR-16, HR-
17, HR-18)
After field inspection in April 1999, monitoring gauges HR-1 through HR-6 were
relocated (as shown on Figure 2) to better represent site conditions. Ground
surface elevation was surveyed at each well and used to correlate well data for
restoration area and reference area comparisons. Based on similar elevations,
the following wells were paired for hydrologic monitoring:
.r • HR-1 and HR-3 at a relative elevation of 6.2 ft
• HR-2 and HR-5 at a relative elevation of 5.8 ft
• HR-4 and HR-6 at a relative elevation of 4.9 ft
There are also four groundwater gauges, HR-22 through 25, and two surface
gauges, SG-1 and SG-2, located along the forestry haul road which were
installed during the pre-construction monitoring phase. The surface gauges
failed to record data properly during this monitoring period and therefore they are
not included in this monitoring report. They will be replaced with new gauges.
All of the monitoring gauges automatically recorded daily depth to groundwater
or surface water on the site. Appendix A contains the graphs for each gauge
along with daily rainfall data.

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2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
2.3.1 Site Data
The hydrologic monitoring results from the restoration areas are presented in this
report by three methods:
1) Comparison to jurisdictional wetland criteria,
2) Comparison to reference area mean depth to groundwater,
3) Comparison to reference area duration of saturation.
Comparison to Jurisdictional Wetland Criteria
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within
twelve inches of the surface was determined at each gauge. This number was
converted into a percentage of the 237-day growing season. Because of the
variability between wetland systems and within wetland types, the monitoring
gauge results are segmented into percentage ranges (Figure 3). Table 1
presents the monitoring results for the 2000 growing season as a range of
percentages, actual percentages, and success dates of the longest hydroperiod
for each gauge on the site. Shaded rows indicate gauges in restoration areas.
Results presented in Table 1 do not include data from the months of July and
August. The months of July and August experienced extended periods of
rainfall, although monthly totals did not exceed the normal range. Results from
this period of extended rainfall are clearly illustrated by the gauge data in
Appendix A, showing the response of the groundwater to rainfall.
Three gauges in swamp forest restoration area achieved the optimum hydrology
for jurisdictional wetland criteria of 12.5% of the growing season. Gauges HR-5
and HR-21 were slightly below this level, with soil saturation occurring for a
consecutive 11.4% and 10.5%, respectively, of the growing season.
In the pine savanna restoration area, three gauges met the 12.5% jurisdictional
hydrology criteria. Gauges HR-10 and HR-11 met the 8 - 12.5% jurisdictional
hydrology criteria, with soil saturation occurring for a consecutive 10.1 % and
10.5%, respectively, of the growing season.
The gauges along the haul road had mixed results. The hydroperiod at HR-22
was well above the 12.5 % criteria. However, the hydroperiod at HR-23 was at
9.7% of the growing season. These results are within the jurisdictional criteria,
but vary greatly from each other.
Results from gauges located in the reference areas at Haws Run also supported
jurisdictional hydrology for the swamp forest and pine savanna. Gauges in the
haul road reference area had mixed results, as did the haul road restoration
area.

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HR-12
.?HR 15 y ? ???
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Figure 3
Hydrologic Success Map
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HR-14 ¦ R-43?
H 24 1 '
HR ¦
SG-
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Table 1 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS
(loot mcluaing my - August rata)
Monitoring < 5% 5%-8% 8%-12.5% > 12.5%a Actual %' Success Dates
Gauge
HR-1 ? 24.9 March 23 - May 20
cn HR-2 ? 31.2 March 23 -June 13
3 ? 21 5 March 23
Ma ` 12a
,
LL HR-4 ? 9 March 23 -June 13
a- HR=S ? 1 A nl..,,15 Ma ?f 1,
¢ R-6, ° `? ? 9 March 23 =.Jul`:
can 19 ' ? 21 , . . ; ,March 23 Rita2''
HR 21 ? Q.5 ,Q_,ri1;15 Ma'}9
Co HR-7 ? 9.3 April 15 - May 6
c
N HR-8 ? .1 April 15 - May 8
HR=t9 ? 21:;5 March 23 -'Ma, 1^2y
HR;1i0 ? 101 ,._. A ri11,5 Ma ,$
HR'1'1 ? 10 6r A "h l 15 Ma 9,:
?1R-12 ? 23.6 : March 23 ,Ma 1k7s
uJ z H =20 ? 21.9 March 23 = Ma 1-'
z ¢ HR-13 ? 10.9 Aril 15 - May 10
Q HR-14 ? 11.4 Aril 15 - May 11
u) HR-15 ? 29.5 Mar 23 - May 31
HR-16 ? 9.3 Aril 15 - May 6
HR-17 ? 24.0 March 23 - Ma 18
HR-18 ? 22.8 March 23 -Ma 15
HR=22 '; - ? 20.2 , Ma' 23 Ma 9 _.
¢ HR,23 . .._ ? 9.7 Aril 15 =Ma '7
_ HR-24 ? 3.8 Aril 15 - April 23
HR-25 ? 9.7 Aril 15 - Ma 7
Comparison of Average Depth to Groundwater
The average depth to groundwater for both the reference and restoration area
gauges was calculated and plotted for the growing season (Appendix B).
Appendix B also contains the comparisons of depth to groundwater for paired
gauges. The results are presented as a percentage of the days when the depth
to groundwater in the restoration area was at, above, or no deeper than 25% of
the depth to groundwater in the reference area. The results are as follows.
• Average Swamp restoration area was comparable for 54% of days in the
Average Swamp reference area.
• MW-3: 60% of days at MW-1.
• MW-5: 37% of days at MW-2.
10

a • MW-6: 93% of days at MW-4.
• Average Pine Savanna restoration area was comparable for 79% of days in
the Average Pine Savanna reference area.
• Average Haul road restoration area was comparable for 86% of days in the
Average Haul road reference area.
Comparison of Duration of Saturation
For each well, the longest hydroperiod i.e., the number of consecutive days of
soil saturation (free water table) within 12 inches of the surface, was calculated
and averaged for the restoration areas and the reference areas. The average
hydroperiod for the restoration area is reported as a percentage of the average
hydroperiod for the reference area. The comparison is also made for the paired
wells. The results are as follows.
• Average Swamp restoration area hydroperiod was 89% of Average Swamp
reference area hydroperiod.
• MW-3:86% of MW-1.
• MW-5:36% of MW-2.
• MW-6:146% of MW-4.
• Average Pine Savanna restoration area hydroperiod w 91.50%o of Average
Pine Savanna reference area hydroperiod.
• Average Haul road restoration area hydroperiod was 159% of Average Haul
road reference area hydroperiod.
2.3.2 Climatic Data
Figure 4 represents an examination of the local climate in comparison with
historical data to determine if 1999 rainfall is within the normal rainfall range of
the area. The historical data was provided by the National Climatic Data Center;
the recent rainfall data from Wilmington Airport was provided by the State
Climate Office at NC State University. Both sets of data were recorded at
Trenton, NC. The Trenton station was used in place of the Marine Corp Air
Station at New River station because of incomplete data records.
Rainfall during May, June, and August were below the normal range for the area.
March, April, and July rainfall fell within the normal range. Data after August
were not available
.

11
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2.4 Conclusions
Based on jurisdictional wetland criteria, the Haws Run mitigation site met
hydrologic success for the year 2000. In the swamp forest area, all gauges
except two met or exceeded the 12.5% jurisdictional wetland criteria. The two
exceptions recorded a hydroperiod of approximately 11% of the growing season.
These gauges are in a location slightly higher in elevation relative to the other
gauges. HR-6 recorded a substantially longer hydroperiod than rest of the
swamp area. It is located in a low area of the swamp restoration that receives
and holds runoff from the adjacent land. The swamp reference area gauges
showed similar results. In the pine savanna area, all the gauges recorded
hydroperiods greater than 8% of the growing season, which is an improvement
over the 1999 results. The pine savanna reference area at Haws Run also
showed results similar to the restoration area. Results at the haul road area were
variable between the reference and restoration areas and within each area. The
hydroperiods for two gauges were just below 10% of the growing season. The
other two gauges represented an extreme high of 20% and an extreme low of
3.8% of the growing season.
Hydrologic patterns in the restoration areas across Haws Run Mitigation site did
follow patterns in the reference areas. Flooding frequency and depth in the
swamp restoration area coincided with flooding in the swamp reference area.
The comparison plots in Appendix B clearly illustrate the restoration hydrologic
regime coinciding with the reference area hydrologic regime. The water table did
decline quicker in the swamp restoration area than in the swamp reference area,
resulting in less storage time. This can be partially attributed to differences in soil
organic matter content and surface roughness between the two areas.
Water table fluctuations in the pine savanna area were more variable between
gauges. However, average restoration and reference area values were very
similar. The plots in Appendix B show the similarities in hydrologic regime
between the savanna reference and restoration areas. The daily average depth
to groundwater in the pine savanna restoration area matched the reference area
79% of the growing season.
The average hydrologic regime for the haul road restoration area was very
similar to the reference area. Although the actual values varied substantially, the
flooding patterns coincided very well. The data illustrated the effects of removal
of the haul road, reestablishing the hydrologic connection of the isolated area to
the southern swamp area.
The duration of saturation between the restoration gauges and the reference
gauges were also very comparable for the swamp and savanna areas. The
lengths of the hydroperiods for both restoration areas were approximately 90% of
the reference area hydroperiods. The restoration gauges in the haul road area
14
1
exhibited a much longer hydroperiod than the reference area, attributable mainly
to HR-22.

t

1

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L?

1

15
1
i
3.0 VEGETATION: HAW'S RUN MITIGATION SITE
(YEAR 1 OF 5)
3.1 Success Criteria
A. Savanna Areas
Success Criteria states that there must be a minimum of 20 trees per acre living
for at least five consecutive years.
B. Swamp Forest Area
NCDOT will monitor the site for five years. A 320 stems per acre survival
criterion for planted seedlings will be used to determine success for the first
three years. The required survival criterion will decrease by 10% per year after
the third year of vegetation monitoring (i.e., for an expected 290 stems per acre
for year 4, and 260 stems per acre for year 5). The number of plants of one
species will not exceed 20% of the total number of plants of all species planted.
C. Grass Area
No success criteria were established for the planted grass areas.

3.2 Description of Species
A. Savanna Areas
The following tree species were planted in the Savanna Restoration and
Enhancement Areas:
R
t
ti
d E
h
t A
202
Z
1
W
t S
avanna
ora
on an
n
ancemen
rea (
acres)
one
:
e
es
Pinus palustris, long-leaf pine
Pin
s serotina
ond
ine
u
, p
p
Taxodiun ascendens, pond cypress
Z
n
2
Dr
Savanna Enhancement Area (113 acres)
:
y
o
e

i Pinus palustris, long-leaf pine
B. Swamp Forest Area
i
l
d i
h
F
A
Th
f
ll
i
S
es were p
ante
n t
wamp
orest
rea:
e
o
ow
ng tree spec
e

J
1 16

Zone 3: Swam Forest Restoration Area 33 acres
P ? )
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, swamp tupelo
Taxodium distichum, bald cypress
Quercus laurifolia, laurel oak
Quercus lyrata, overcup oak
Quercus michauxii, swamp chestnut oak
Liriodendron tulipfera, tulip poplar
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, cherrybark oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, green ash
Platanus occidentalis, sycamore
C. Grass Area
The following grass species were planted in ten 100' x 100' grass plots:
Wiregrass
Carolina dropseed
Toothache grass
Savanna muhly
1

1

1
1
t

3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring
A. Savanna Areas
L

Q V

y C_ Q ?
LU
Q C C p p C ?
0
,
1 S1 18 85 74 117 21
S3 104 162 5 271 48
ZONE 1 A VG. 34

2 S2 135 135 24
Z NE V Y. 24

TOTAL AVG. 31
17

To determine tree density, 500' x 500' plots (5.7 acre) were installed immediately
following planting. The actual numbers of planted trees, which occur within the
plot, are counted. Since the actual plot size is 5.7 acres, actual trees per acre
can be estimated.
Notes from Report: Pines in savanna areas growing well. Broomsedge is
present throughout plots. The wet savanna restoration area was planted with
pond cypress in Spring 2000. The trees were difficult to find in large plots.
B. Swamp Forest Area
To determine tree density, 50' x 50' plots are installed immediately following
planting. The actual numbers of planted trees, which occur within the plot, are

u
1
1
1

n
I?

O o on ?

a ? O a U o ? ? ? ? .?° a
CL y w C. fir ? t7 •.. .r ?.+
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0 a a F U G7 A
1 1 4 1 1 1 8 32 170
2 4 9 5 5 4 15 42 53 539
3 3 2 4 6 6 21 34 420
4 1 3 3 11 3 6 27 35 525
5 19 5 9 33 39 575
6 5 6 3 7 5 26 36 491
7 3 1 4 2 1 3 5 12 31 43 490
TOTAL A VG. 459
counted. This number is equated to the number within each plot, which
represents 680 trees per acre (average). The survival monitoring number is
compared to the planted number to obtain survival percentage. This percentage
is applied to the 680 trees per acre to obtain an estimated tree per acre for the
site. (Density = monitoring count / planted trees x 680)
Site Notes: Other species noted: rushes, woolgrass. smart weed, black willow,
various grasses, juncus, some sweetgum and some red maple. Plot 1 had 6 - 8
inches of water. Trees were difficult to find in plot 3 due to heavy rushes and
woolgrass. Plot 7 has had vehicle traffic. Overall, the trees look good. The
1

18

1

1

1

f]

J
1
higher areas and are predominantly oak species while the lower areas are
predominantly bald cypress and swamp tupelo.
C. Grass Area
Only visual inspection was done within the grass plots. Grasses appear to be
establishing well.
3.4 Conclusions
A. Savanna Areas
Of the 595 acres of this site, approximately 315 acres involved savanna tree
planting. There were 3 test plots established throughout the planting. The
vegetation monitoring of the planted areas revealed an average density to be 31
trees per acre, which is well above the minimum requirement of 20 trees per
acre.
B. Swamp Forest Area
Of the 595 acres of this site, approximately 33 acres involved tree planting.
There were 7 test plots established throughout the planting. The vegetation
monitoring of the planted areas revealed an average density to be 459 trees per
acre, which is well above the minimum requirement of 320 trees per acre.
The transect areas at the southern end of the site were supplementally planted
Spring 2000.
The washouts along the northern side of the site adjacent to the swamp forest
area were repaired and are stabilizing.
C. Grass Area
Of the 595 acres of this site, approximately 2.3 acres involved grass planting.
The grasses were planted in ten 100' x 100' test plots. The vegetation
monitoring of the planted areas revealed that the planted grasses were
establishing well.
19
P
' 4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS /RECOMMENDATIONS
Hydrologic monitoring in 2000 revealed trends in the restoration areas similar to
those in the reference areas. The majority of gauges on site did meet
jurisdictional wetland criteria, as well as exhibit comparable depths to
groundwater and duration of the hydroperiods.
Vegetation on Haws Run is doing well in both the swamp and savanna areas,
with exceptions as noted. Final planting was completed Spring 2000.
The erosion areas on the northern slope were repaired as described in the
attached plan. The as-built report and revised debit ledger will be submitted
after completion.
Overall, the Haws Run Mitigation site performed well in 2000. Jurisdictional
wetland hydrology was established and supported a prevalence of hydrophytic
vegetation.

The potential addition of the adjacent Nature Conservancy land to the Haws Run
Mitigation site will provide both hydrologic and habitat benefits.
f
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NCDOT will continue to monitor the site
og
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success.

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1 20
1
Appendix A
Depth to Groundwater Graphs

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23
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Photo 8

Photo 10 (Rock flume)

Photo 13

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Appendix D
Slope Repair Plan
Haws Run
Pender and Onslow Counties
Tip Project R-2405WM
State Project Number 6.259002T
June 8, 2000
2s

D

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1
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Project Description
The Haws Run Mitigation site was purchased in 1995 by the NCDOT to provide
compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts to wetlands resulting from highway
construction in the region. Haws Run provides the following types of mitigation:
Bottomland HW 30 ac restoration, 25 ac enhancement, 171 ac preservation
Pine Savanna 81 ac restoration, 99 ac enhancement, 11 ac preservation
Mesic Savanna 113 ac enhancement
Northern Slope Erosion
Several washouts have occurred along the northern side of the site adjacent to the swamp
forest area. Rapid rising of the water table underneath the pine savanna during Hurricane Floyd
rainfall had resulted in slope failures where the water table surfaces near the swamp. These
failures experienced further headwall erosion to the point where they acted as foci for surface
water runoff, also drastically increased during the hurricane. These washouts resulted in the
deposition of some sediment into the swamp forest area.
Proposed Slope Repair
NCDOT recommends grading the slope to 4:1 and backfilling the washouts. This
reduced slope will minimize the potential for failure during rapid rises in the savanna area water
table and erosion by surface water runoff. NCDOT recommends installing stone lined drainage
channels for surface water drainage from savanna to swamp forest. NCDOT also recommends
providing a low berm at top of slope along northern perimeter to direct water toward drainage
channels. This should eliminate the potential of surface erosion on the slope face between the
savanna and the swamp forest.
Sediment Deposition in Swamp Forest
At the toe of the slope where erosion has deposited sediment into the swamp forest,
NCDOT proposes to leave this material undisturbed for the following reasons:
The sediment layer represents a minor change in swamp forest topography as one
would find in nature.
2. The sediment layer has not adversely impacted the planted trees.
3. The NCDOT feels it would do more harm than good by moving equipment in
(and out) to try and pull this small amount of material out of swamp forest.
Proposed Schedule
Early June - Resource agency approval to proceed
July 1- Bid Package to Division
September 1- Repair of slope to begin
November 1 - Repair completed
26
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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1999
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Haws Run Mitigation Site
1 Pender l ©nslow County
Project No. 6.259092T
1 TIP # R-2405WM
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Prepared Bar:
' Natural Systems Unit &
Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 1999

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY ...........................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 2
1.1 Project Description ................................................................................. 2
1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................ .. 2
1 1.3 Project History ......................................................................................
2.0 HYDROLOGY ............................................................................................. .. 2
.. 4
2.1 Success Criteria .............................................................................

2.2 Hydrologic Description .....................................
4
.. 4
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring ......................................................... .. 7
2.3.1. Site Data ..................................................................................
2.3.2 Climatic Data . .. 7
10
2.4 Conclusions ......................................................................................... 12
' 3.0 VEGETATION ............................................................................................. 13
3.1 Success Criteria ................................................................................... 13
3.2
3.3 Description of Species .........................................................................
Results of Vegetation Monitoring (1 year) ............................................ 13
16
3.4 Conclusions ......................................................................................... 18
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................19

I
LIST OF TABLES
' Table 1-HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS .............................................. 9
Table 2-VEGETATION MONITORING RESULTS
' A. Savanna Areas ........ 16
......................................................................................
B. Swamp Forest Area . 17

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1- Site Location Map ................................................................................. 3
Figure 2- Monitoring Well Location Map ............................................................... 6
' Figure 3- Hydrologic Success Map.......•....-• ...............••...............................8
Figure 4- 30 - 70 Percentile Graph.. .11
Figure 5- Vegetation Monitoring Map ........................................................15
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LIST OF APPENDICES
I Appendix A- Depth to Groundwater Plots ..................................................20
Appendix B- Comparisons of Reference and Restoration Wells .....................46
' Appendix C- Site Photos ........................................................................53

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SUMMARY

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The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have occurred in
the past year at Haws Run Mitigation Site. This site was constructed in 1998 and
planted in early 1999. Restoration activities at Haws Run included swamp forest
and pine savanna restoration, enhancement, and preservation components. The
site is equipped with 23 groundwater monitoring wells, 2 surface gauges, and
one rain gauge. Local rainfall data was substituted for on-site data due to
unreliability of the on-site rain gauge. Hydrologic monitoring results are presented
by three methods: jurisdictional wetland criteria, average depth to groundwater,
and duration of soil saturation.
The monitoring results in the swamp restoration area were very similar to results
in the swamp reference area. All but one well met the 12.5% criteria for
jurisdictional wetlands. The average depth to groundwater for the restoration
area was at, above, or no deeper than 25% of the average depth to groundwater
for the reference area for 70% of the recording period. The average duration of
the hydroperiod in the swamp restoration area was 77% of the average duration
of the hydroperiod in the reference area.
Only half the total number of wells in the pine savanna restoration area and the
jurisdictional savanna wetlands exhibited hydroperiods greater than 8% of the
growing season. However, the average depth to groundwater in the restoration
area was at, above, or no deeper than 25% of the average depth to groundwater
in the jurisdictional savanna wetlands for 72% of the recording period. The
duration of saturation was very similar also, with the hydroperiod in the
restoration area averaging 92% of the hydroperiod in the jurisdictional savanna
wetlands.
The wells in the southern swamp area previously isolated by the haul road
exhibited hydroperiods greater than 8% of the growing season, exceeding the
hydroperiods of the reference wells on the swamp side of the road. The average
depths to groundwater between the restoration and reference areas were
comparable for 91 % of the recording period. The duration of saturation in the
restoration area was 153% of the duration of saturation in the reference wells.
' Vegetation monitoring consists of ten tree plots and ten grass plots. Vegetation
success criteria were met for 1999, with 30 trees per acre in the savanna area
and 459 trees per acre in the swamp forest area. Planting of pond cypress in the
' savanna area is planned for Spring 2000.
Issues to be addressed in the 2000 monitoring season include the placement and
elevation survey of wells, the stabilization of eroded areas on slope adjacent to
the swamp area, and the potential cooperation with The Nature Conservancy on
land adjacent to the eastern perimeter canal.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The Haws Run Mitigation Site was purchased in 1995 by the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to provide compensatory mitigation for
unavoidable impacts to wetlands resulting from highway construction in the
region. The site is located approximately 28 miles northeast of Wilmington, North
Carolina, straddling the Pender-Onslow County line (Figure 1). The site consists
of riverine swamp forests at the northern and southern ends and a cutover
interior of former wet flats and savannas with an extensive ditch and canal
system. The central canal and lateral ditches north of the electrical transmission
line were plugged in December 1997 for a short-term study to determine effects
of ditch plugging and filling.
Full site construction began in Summer 1998 with excavation of the northern end
' of the site to the reference swamp elevation and plugging/ filling of the central
canal and lateral field ditches to the north of the powerline crossing.
Construction was completed in February 1999 and the site was planted in the
1 early spring 1999.
' 1.2 Purpose
In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, hydrologic and vegetative
monitoring must be conducted for a minimum of three consecutive years.
Development of the success criteria is discussed in the Haws Run Mitigation
Plan. The following report documents the results of the hydrologic and
' vegetative monitoring activities in 1999 at the Haws Run mitigation site.
1.3 Project History
Winter 1997 Pilot Study
Summer 1998 - Winter 1999 Site Construction
Spring 1999 Site Planted
' October 1999 Vegetation Monitoring (1 yr.)
March - November 1999 Hydrologic Monitoring

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FIGURE I - Site Location Map

2.0 HYDROLOGY
2.1 Success Criteria
' The Haws Run Mitigation Plan and the Final Responses to Agency Comments
describe the success criteria for site hydrology. The success criteria for the
swamp restoration area are based on the hydrologic regime of Sandy Run
' Swamp reference area. Specifically, the mean depth to groundwater for wells in
the swamp restoration area should be at, above, or no more than 25% deeper
than the mean depth to groundwater for wells in the reference area.
' The success criteria for the pine savanna restoration area were initially tied to the
Lanier Quarry Savanna reference site. Subsequent to review by NCDOT and
' USACE, Lanier Quarry savanna was deemed unsuitable as a reference site.
Therefore, the success criteria for Haws Run savanna restoration area reverted
to federal guidelines for wetlands as described in the 1987 USACE Wetlands
Delineation Manual. These guidelines state that the area must be inundated or
saturated (within 12" of the surface) by surface or ground water for a consecutive
12.5% of the growing season. Areas inundated less than 5% of the growing
season are always classified as non-wetlands. Areas inundated between 5% -
12.5% of the growing season can be classified as wetlands depending upon
factors such as the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils.
' The growing season for Haws Run site was calculated as an average of data
' from Pender County, Onslow County, and the U.S. Weather Bureau publication,
Low Temperature Probabilities in North Carolina. Using all three data sets, the
average growing season for the Haws Run site was estimated to be 237 days in
length, lasting from March 23 to November 15. Therefore, for Haws Run to meet
the optimum jurisdictional wetland hydrology, the water table must not fall below
the 12-inch line for at least 30 consecutive days during the growing season under
normal precipitation.
Success criteria -for the area isolated by the forestry haul road was based on
' reestablishing the hydrologic connection of the area to the southern swamp. The
flooding regime and groundwater depths should be similar in each area after
removal of the haul road.
This document uses three methods to report the hydrologic monitoring results for
Haws Run mitigation site: jurisdictional wetland criteria, average depth to
' groundwater, and duration of soil saturation.
2.2 Hydrologic Description
' After site construction, nineteen groundwater monitoring wells (RDS WL-40)
were installed on the site (Figure 2):
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• three in the swamp reference area (MW-1, MW-2, MW-4)
' • four in the swamp restoration area (MW-3, MW-5, MW-6)
(MW-19 in the southern swamp restoration area)
• two on the slope transition area (MW-7, MW-8)
• four in the pine savanna restoration area (MW-9 through 12)
six in the pine savanna jurisdictional wetlands (MW-13 through 18)
After field inspection in April 1999, monitoring wells MWA through MW-6 were
relocated (as shown on Figure 2) to better represent site conditions. Ground
surface elevation was surveyed at each well and used to correlate well data for
' restoration area and reference area comparisons. Based on similar elevations,
the following wells were paired for hydrologic monitoring:
' • MW-1 and MW-3 at approximately 6.2 ft above msl
• MW-2 and MW-5 at approximately 5.8 ft above msl
• MW-4 and MW-6 at approximately 4.9 ft above msl
There are also four groundwater wells, MW-22 through 25, and two surface
gauges, SG-1 and SG-2, located along the forestry. haul road which were installed
during the pre-construction monitoring phase.
' All of the monitoring wells automatically record daily depth to groundwater or
surface water on the site. Appendix A contains the graphs for each well along
with daily rainfall data. Rainfall events, shown on each graph as bars, were
' recorded at the Trenton weather station maintained by the NC State Climate
Office. A more reliable on-site rain gauge will be installed prior to the start of the
2000 growing season.
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2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
2.3.1 Site Data .
The hydrologic monitoring results from the restoration areas are presented in this
report by three methods:
1) Comparison to jurisdictional wetland criteria,
2) Comparison to reference area mean depth to groundwater,
3) Comparison to reference area duration of saturation.
Comparison to Jurisdictional Wetland Criteria:
' The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within
twelve inches of the surface was determined for each well. This number was
' converted into a percentage of the 237-day growing season. Because it is
uncertain if all wetlands impacted by NCDOT highway projects meet the 12.5%
criteria, the monitoring well results are segmented into percentage ranges. Table
' 1 presents the monitoring results for the 1999 growing season as a range of
percentages, actual percentages, and success dates of the longest hydroperiod
for each well on the site. Shaded rows indicate wells in restoration areas. Figure
3 is a graphical representation of the 1999 hydrologic monitoring results.
Data recorded after September 1, 1999, subjected to extreme weather conditions
' during the hurricane season, was not used to determine hydrologic success of
the site.
' All but one of the wells in swamp forest area achieved the optimum hydrology for
jurisdictional wetland criteria. Well MW-5 was slightly below this level with soil
saturation occurring for a consecutive 11.8% of the growing season.
' In the pine savanna area, two wells met the 12.5% level, three met the 8 - 12.5%
level; and two met the 5-8% level of hydrology for jurisdictional wetland criteria.
The other three wells failed to meet any level of jurisdictional wetland status with
soil saturation occurring for less than 5 % of the growing season.
The wells along the haul road fell within the lower two categories of jurisdictional
wetland criteria, with two at the 5 -8% level and two at the 8-12.5% level.
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' FIGURE 3
1999 HYDROLOGIC RESULTS

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Table 1 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS
(Pre-hurricane Influence)
X? ? k? ar ? I
Monitoring Well < 5% 5%_8% 8%0 -12:5% > 12.5%0 A4rl % Success Dates
MW-1 ? 19. April 21 - June 26
MW-2 35.8 Mar 23 - June 15
(0 MW-3 15.6 April 27 - May 28
Q Lu MW-4 16.1 June 15 - July 30
O MW-5 11.8 April 30 - May 27
U_ MW-6 16.0 June 2 - July 14
MW 19 13.5 Mar 23 - Apr 23.
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c MW-7 ' May 1 - May 8
N MW-8 4.6 June 17.-June 27
MW-9 10.1 May 6 - May 21
MW-10 4.6 June 17 - June 27
Q MW-1 1 4.6 June 17 - June 27
Z MW 12 13.5 April 29 - May 30
Z ZZ MW-13 ? 5.1 June 17 - June 28
a MW-14 ? 7.1 June 17 - July 4
MW-15 ? 15.2 April29 - June 5
MW-16 3.4 April 30 - May 8
MW 17 11.4 April 30 - May 27
MW-18 11.4 April 30 - May 26
0 MW-22 10.9 Mar 23 - April 14
=) Q MW-23 8.1 Mar 23 - April 9
_ MW 24 5.5 Mar 23 - April 4
MW 25 6.8 Mar 23 - April 7
Comparison of Average Depth to Groundwater:
The average depth to groundwater for both the reference and restoration area
wells was calculated and plotted for the recording period before the hurricane
season (Appendix B). Appendix B also contains the comparisons of depth to
groundwater for paired wells. The recording period for the swamp area began
after the wells were relocated on April 26, 1999. No data was available for MW-4
before May 25 due to equipment malfunctions. The results are presented as a
percentage of the days during the recording period when the depth to
groundwater in the restoration area was at, above, or no deeper than 25% of the
depth to groundwater in the reference area. The results are as follows.
• Average-Swamp restoration area was comparable for 70% of days in the
Average Swamp reference area.
• MW-3:66% of days at MW-1.
• MW 5: 62% of days at MW-2:
• MW 6: 74% of days at MW-4.
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• Average Pine Savanna restoration area was comparable for 72% of days in
the Average Pine Savanna reference area.
• Average Haul road restoration area was comparable for 91% of days in the
Average Haul road reference area.
Comparison of Duration of Saturation:
For each well, the longest hydroperiod i.e., the number of consecutive days of
soil saturation (free water table) within 12 inches of the surface, was calculated
and averaged for the restoration areas and the reference areas. The average
hydroperiod for the restoration area is reported as a percentage of the average
hydroperiod for the reference area. The comparison is also made for the paired
wells. The results are as follows:
• Average Swamp restoration area hydroperiod was 77% of Average Swamp
' reference area hydroperiod.
• MW-3:79% of MW-1.
• MW-5:60% of MW 2.
• MW-6:95% of MW-4.
' • Average Pine Savanna restoration area hydroperiod was 92% of Average
Pine Savanna reference area hydroperiod.
' • Average Haul road restoration area hydroperiod was 153% of Average Haul
road reference area hydroperiod.
2.3.2 Climatic Data
Figure 4 represents an examination of the local climate in comparison with
historical data to determine if 1999 rainfall is within the normal rainfall range of
the area. The historical data was provided by the National Climatic Data Center;
the recent rainfall data was provided by the State Climate Office at NC State
University. Both sets of data were recorded at Trenton, NC. The Trenton station
was used in place of the Marine Corp Air Station at New River station because of
incomplete data records.
' Rainfall during May, June, and August were below the normal range for the area.
March, April, and July rainfall fell within the normal range. Data after August was
not available.
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30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH
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2.4 Conclusions
Based on jurisdictional wetland criteria, the Haws Run mitigation site monitoring
had mixed results. In the swamp forest area, all wells except one met or
exceeded the 12.5% jurisdictional wetland criteria. In the pine savanna area,
only one restoration area well and one jurisdictional wetland area well met the
12.5% criteria. None of the wells in the haul road area met the 12.5% criteria.
' However, trends in the restoration areas across the site did follow trends in the
reference areas. Flooding frequency and depth in the swamp restoration area
coincided with flooding in the swamp reference area. The water table did decline
quicker in the swamp restoration area than in the swamp reference area,
resulting in less storage time. This can be partially attributed to differences in soil
organic matter content between the two areas.
' Water table fluctuations in the pine savanna area were more variable between
wells. However, average restoration and reference area values were very
' similar. The daily average depth to groundwater and the average hydroperiod in
the pine savanna restoration area matched the reference area more than 70 % of
the time.
' Results at the haul road area were very similar also, meeting or exceeding the
depth to groundwater and the length of the hydroperiod in the reference area.
' The data illustrated the effects of removal of the haul road, reestablishing the
hydrologic connection of the isolated area to the southern swamp area.
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3.0 VEGETATION
3.1 Success Criteria
A. Savanna Areas
Success Criteria states that there must be a minimum of 20 trees per acre living
for at least five consecutive years.
8. Swamp Forest Area
Success Criteria states that there must be a minimum of 320 trees per acre living
for at least five consecutive years.
C. Grass Area
No success criteria were established for the planted grass areas.
3.2 Description of Species
A. Savanna Areas
The following tree species were planted in the Savanna Restoration and
Enhancement Areas (Figure 5):
Zone 1: Wet Savanna Restoration and Enhancement Area (202 acres)
Pinus palustris, Long-leaf Pine
Pinus serotina, Pond Pine
Taxodium ascendens, Pond Cypress
Zone 2: Dry Savanna Enhancement Area (113 acres)
Pinus palustris, Long-leaf Pine
8. Swamp Forest Area
The following tree species were planted in the Swamp Forest Area (Figure 5):
Zone 3: Swamp Forest Restoration Area (33 acres)
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Swamp Tupelo
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Liriodendron tulipfera, Tulip Poplar
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
13

Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Platanus occidentalis, American Sycamore
C. Grass Area
The following grass species were planted in ten 100' x 100' grass plots (Figure
5):
Wiregrass
Carolina Dropseed
Toothache grass
Savanna muhly
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3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring (1 year)
A. Savanna Areas
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1 S1 41 50 91 16
S3 189 137 326 57
ZONE 1 A VG. 37

2 S2 200 200 35
ZONE 2 AVG. 35

TOTAL AVG. 36
To determine tree density, 500'x 500' plots (5.7 acre) were installed immediately
following planting. The actual numbers of planted trees, which occur within the
plot, are counted. Since the actual plot size is 5.7 acres, actual trees per acre
can be estimated.
Notes from Report. Pines in savanna areas growing well. Broomsedge present
throughout plots. The wet savanna restoration area will be planted with pond
cypress in Spring 2000.
16

B. Swamp Forest Area

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2 6 11 4 4 6 12 5 48 53 616
3 2 4 1 3 5 6 21 34 420
4 3 3 3 7 8 2 2 28 35 544
5 22 6 6 34 39 593
6 1 6 1 8 36 151
7 2 3 8 3 12 28 43 443
TOTAL AVG. 459
' To determine tree density, 50' x 50' plots are installed immediately following
planting. The actual numbers of planted trees, which occur within the plot, are
counted. This number is equated to the number within each plot, which
' represents 680 trees per acre (average). The survival monitoring number is
compared to the planted number to obtain survival percentage. This percentage
is applied to the 680 trees per acre to obtain an estimated tree per acre for the
' site.
.Density = monitoring count x 680 (trees per acre)
' planted trees
Notes from Report. Many trees had lost their leaves due to flooding, making
identification difficult. Plot #1 had 12" standing water at time of monitoring. Plot
#6 had damage from vehicle traffic. Plot #7 had heavy beaver damage.
Transect areas on the southern end of the site will be supplementary planted in
' Spring 2000.
C. Grass Area
Only visual inspection was done within the grass plots. Grasses appear to be
' establishing well.
17

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3.4 Conclusions
A. Savanna Areas
Of the 595 acres of this site, approximately 315 acres involved savanna tree
planting. There were 3 test plots established throughout the planting. The first
year vegetation monitoring of the planted areas revealed an average density to
be 30 trees per acre, which is well above the minimum requirement of 20 trees
per acre.
Pond cypress will be planted in the wet savanna restoration .area in Spring 2000.
8. Swamp Forest Area
Of the 595 acres of this site, approximately 33 acres involved tree planting.
There were 7 test plots established throughout the planting. The first year
vegetation monitoring of the planted areas revealed an average density to be 459
trees per acre, which is well above the minimum requirement of 320 trees per
acre.
The transect areas at the southern end of the site will be supplementary planted
Spring 2000.
Several washouts have occurred along the northern side of the site adjacent to
the swamp forest area. NCDOT will repair and stabilize these areas during the
2000 construction season.
NCDOT recommends that the success criteria for the swamp forest area be
revised to current standards. NCDOT will monitor the site for five years. A 320
stems per acre survival criterion for planted seedlings will be used to determine
success for the first three years. The required survival criterion will decrease by
10% per year after the third year of vegetation monitoring (i.e., for an expected
290 stems per acre for year 4, and 260 stems per acre for year 5).
C. Grass Area
Of the 595 acres of this site, approximately 2.3 acres involved grass planting.
The grasses were planted in ten 100' x 100' test plots. The first year vegetation
monitoring of the planted areas revealed that the planted grasses were
establishing well.
18

4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS /RECOMMENDATIONS
Hydrologic monitoring in 1999 showed trends in the, restoration areas similar to
those in the references areas. While the majority of wells on site did not meet
the 12.5% jurisdictional wetland criteria, the hydroperiods and other hydrologic
indicators were comparable between the restoration and reference areas.
' Vegetation on Haws Run is doing well in both the swamp and savanna areas,
with exceptions as noted in the report. Final planting is planned for Spring 2000.
Erosion and monitoring well issues will be addressed during the 2000 monitoring
period. As-built reports will be submitted after final plantings and well
modifications are completed.
NCDOT will continue to monitor the site for both vegetation and hydrologic
success.

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1

APPENDIX A
DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER PLOTS

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APPENDIX B
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APPENDIX C
SITE PHOTOS
53

Photo Point 2
Photo Point 6 (Washout along Northern edge)
? HAW'S RUN

Photo Point 7

Photo Point 11
1999
Photo Point 8
Photo Point 10
Photo Point 12