20081326 Ver 1_Application_20080828

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,,. STATE q?
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTWNT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F EASLEY
GOVERNOR
August 22, 2008
Eric Alsmeyer
USACE Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, NC 27857
ATTN Mr Eric Alsmeyer
NCDOT Coordinator
R[R@[ROWIRN
AUG 2 8 2008
DENR - wAf?G uu;
yyETLANDS AND S foltl,YATER BRANCH
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
081326
Subject Application for Section 404 Nationwide Permits 23, 33, and Section 401 Permit
for Widening of SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) from SR 1121 (Cornwallis
Road) to East of NC 147 in Durham County Federal Aid Project Number
STP-2028 (1), State Project No 8 2352701, T I P No U-3309A
Debit $570 00 from WBS No 34916 1 1
Dear Sir,
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen SR 2028 (T W
Alexander Drive) from SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) to east of NC 147 in Durham County to a
four-lane divided shoulder section with a 30-foot raised grass median The typical section
includes 5-foot paved shoulders within 8-foot usable shoulders Bicycle traffic will use the 5-
foot paved shoulder without any additional widening except where there is an exclusive right
turn lane
Please see the enclosed copies of the Pre-Construction Notification, permit drawings and half
size plan sheets A Categorical Exclusion (CE) document was completed for this project in
March 2005 It was distributed shortly thereafter Additional copies are available upon request.
IMPACTS TO WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES
The project is located in the Cape Fear River Basin (subbasm 03-06-05). This area is part of
Hydrologic Cataloging Unit 03030002 Two intermittent Unnamed Tributaries (UTs) to
Northeast Creek are located within the project area UT 2 is located approximately 0 25 mile
east of Cornwallis Road and UT 3 is located approximately 0 50 mile east of Cornwallis Road
Both UTs have been assigned a Best Usage Classification of C NSW and a North Carolina
MAILING ADDRESS LOCATION
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TELEPHONE [phone] Of 2728 CAPITAL BLVD SUITE 240
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 919-715-1335 RALEIGH NC 27604
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT UNIT
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER FAX [phone]
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598

WEBSITE WWW NCDOT ORG
Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ) Stream index # 16-41-1-17-(0 3) Verification of the
intermittent stream status as well as mitigation requirements for UT 2 and 3 were received from
Eric Alsmeyer, of the USACE, on June 11, 2008 Rob Ridings, of the NCDWQ, on August 12,
2008 concurred with the USACE decision
No designated Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), High Quality Waters (HQW),
Water Supply I (WS-1) or Water Supply (WS-II) occur within 10 mile of the project area
Northeast Creek is not listed as a 303(d) stream according to the Final 2006 303(d) list for the
Cape Fear River Basin nor does it drain into any 303(d) waters within 1-mile of the project
Permanent Impacts
Site 1 permanent stream impacts of 140 feet result from
• Placement of 42-inch re-enforced concrete pipe (RCP) extensions and the fill slope
Site 2 permanent stream impacts of 276 feet result from
• The extension of the existing 48-inch RCP on the upstream and downstream ends of the
pipe that crosses under T W Alexander,
• A function box that connects the 48-inch RCP on the downstream end of pipe to a 54-
inch section of RCP (this function box will account for additional drainage coming from
the roadside),
• Addition of two 36-inch pipes where the stream crosses under the pedestrian trail, and
• A lateral V ditch connecting the 36-inch pipes with the upstream end of the 48-inch pipe
There are no wetland impacts associated with this project
Temporary Impacts
Site 1 and 2 temporary stream impacts of 20 and 25 feet result from the placement of new
sections of pipe and pipe extensions
Utility Impacts
There are no utility impacts associated with this project
MITIGATION OPTIONS
Avoidance and Minimization and Compensatoa Mitigation
The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all reasonable and practicable design features to
avoid and minimize jurisdictional impacts, and to provide full compensatory mitigation of all
remaining, unavoidable jurisdictional impacts Avoidance measures were taken during the
planning and NEPA compliance stages, minimization measures were incorporated as part of the
project design
According to the Clean Water Act (CWA) §404(b) (1) guidelines, NCDOT must avoid,
minimize, and mitigate, in sequential order, impacts to waters of the US The following is a list
U-3309 A Permit Application
Page 2 of 4
C4
of the project's jurisdictional stream avoidance/minimization activities proposed or completed by
NCDOT
Avoidance/Minimization
• Temporary construction impacts due to erosion and sedimentation will be minimized through
implementation of stringent erosion control methods and use of Best Management Practices
(BMPs)
• Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters will be implemented
Compensatory Mitigation
NCDOT has avoided and minimized impacts to jurisdictional resources to the greatest extent
possible as described above The project will have 416 feet of permanent intermittent stream
impacts (Site 1 140 feet and Site 2 276 feet) Per the June 2008 correspondence, the USACE is
not requiring mitigation for either stream site due to low stream quality and no significant aquatic
use NCDWQ concurred with the USACE NCDOT does not propose compensatory mitigation
FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES
Plants and ammals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended The USFWS lists two species for
Durham County Table 2 lists the species and their federal status
Table 2. Federally Protected Species in Durham County. NC
Common Name Scientific Federal Biological Habitat
Name Status* Conclusion Present
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxu E No Effect Yes
Smooth Echmacea No Effect

Coneflower
laevi ata E Yes
*E= endangered
A Biological Conclusion of "No Effect" was given in the CE for Michaux's sumac and smooth
coneflower A field survey for both species was conducted on June 4, 2008 by NCDOT
biologists Suitable habitat exists along the roadside shoulder No populations of Michaux's
sumac and smooth coneflower were found during the survey Therefore, the Biological
Conclusion of No Effect remains valid
The bald eagle has been delisted as of August 8, 2007 and is not subject to Section 7 consultation
and a biological conclusion is not required However, the bald eagle remains protected by the
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act The location of the project is in both urban and disturbed
areas within the City of Durham No nesting or foraging habitat for bald eagles is present
U-3309 A Pernut Application
Paee 3 of 4
SCHEDULE
The project calls for a letting of August 18, 2009 (review date of June 30, 2009) with a date of
availability of September 29, 2009 It is expected that the contractor will choose to start
construction in September
REGULATORY APPROVALS
Section 404 Permit Application is hereby made for the Department of Army Section 404 for the
issuance of Nationwide Permits 23 and 33 for the above-described activities
Section 401 Permit Section 401 General Water Quality Certification (WQCs) 3701 and 3688
will apply to this project The NCDOT will adhere to all general conditions of the WQCs
Written concurrence from the NCDWQ is required NCDOT is providing $570 00 for the
application processing fee In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H 0 0501(a) and 15A NCAC 2B
0 200 we are providing five copies of this application to the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, for their review and approval
A copy of this permit application will be posted on the NCDOT Website at
http //www ncdot org/doh/preconstruct/pe/ If you have any questions or need additional
information, please call Deanna Riffey at [phone] or dnffey@ncdot gov
Sincere ,
?Gre ory Thorpe, Ph D
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
W/attachment
Mr Brian Wrenn, NCDWQ (5 Copies)
Mr J Wally Bowman, P E, Division 5 Engineer
Mr Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO
W/o attachment (see website for attachments
Dr David Chang, P.E, Hydraulics
Mr Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr Greg Perfetti, P E , Structure Design
Mr Victor Barbour, Project Services Unit
Mr Tim Johnson, P E, Division 8 Engineer
Mr Art King, Division 8 Environmental Officer
Mr Jay Bennett, P E , Roadway Design
Mr Maled Alghandour, P E, Programming and TIP
Mr Art McMillan, P E , Highway Design
Mr Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Mr Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr Steve Brown, PDEA
U-3309 A Pernut Application
Paee 4 of 4
Office Use Only: Form Version March 08
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No. 20 Q a 119 0
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A" )
1. Processing
Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project
® Section 404 Permit ? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ? Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2 Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested Nationwide Permit 23 &33
3 If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here ?
4 If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here ?
5 If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here ?
II. Applicant Information
Owner/Applicant Information
Name- North Carolina Department of Transportation
Mailing Address Gregory J Thorpe, PhD, Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
1598 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1598
Telephone Number 919-733-3141 Fax Number 919-733-9794
E-mail Address horpe(a,dot state nc us
2 Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant )
Name
Company Affiliation.
Mailing Address-
Telephone Number.
E-mail Address
Fax Number
Page 1 of 8
III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format,
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided
1 Name of project Proposed Widening of SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) from SR 1121
(Cornwallis Road) to East of NC 147
2 T I P Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only) U-3309 A
3 Property Identification Number (Tax PIN) N/A
4. Location
County Durham Nearest Town Durham
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number) N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc) 40 West to Exit 279 (T
W Alexander) North on T W. Alexander Project starts between Corwallis Road and NC
147
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody )
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum) ON °W
6 Property size (acres) Please refer to attached drawings
7 Name of nearest receiving body of water- Northeast Creek
8 River Basin Cape Fear
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated mayor river basins The
River Basin map is available at http //h2o enr state nc us/admin/maps/ )
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the protect
at the time of this application The local area surrounding the proposed protect consists of
gently rolling hills and land with commercial development
Page 2 of 8
10 Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used NCDOT
proposes to widen T W Alexander Drive to a four-lane divided facility from Cornwallis
Road to east of NC 147 Heavy duty excavation equipment will be used such as trucks
dozers, cranes and other various equipment necessary for roadway construction
11 Explain the purpose of the proposed work The purpose of this project is to improve the
capacity and safety T W Alexander Drive is an important connection in the roadway
network at Research Triangle Park
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable) If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T I P project, along with
construction schedules N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application
N/A
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e g , culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads) Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropnate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet
1 Provide a written description of the proposed impacts Please refer to attached letter
Page 3 of 8
2 Individually list wetland impacts Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland
(e g , forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc) Located within
100-year
Floodplam
( es/no) Distance to
Nearest
Stream
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)

Total Wetland Impact (acres)
3 List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property N/A
4 Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts Be sure to identify temporary
impacts Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e g , cement walls, np-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc ), excavation, ditching/straighterung, etc If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included To calculate acreage, multiply length X width, then divide by 43,560
Stream Impact Perennial or Average Impact Area of
Number Stream Name Type of Impact Intermittent'? Stream Width Length Impact
(indicate on ma) Before Impact (linear feet) acres
Site 1 UT to Northeast
Creek pipe extension Intermittent 3 5 feet 140o 0 02

Site 2 UT to Northeast

Creek
Pipe extension
Internuttent 2 0 feet
276 0
0 08

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 416 0 10
5 Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U S ) Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill, excavation, dredging, flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma) Name of Waterbody
(if applicable)
Type of Impact Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc) Area of
Impact
(acres)
N/A

Total Open Water Impact (acres) 0
Page 4 of 8
6 List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U S resulting from the project
Stream Impact (acres) 0 10
Wetland Impact (acres) 00
Open Water Impact (acres) 0 00
Total Impact to Waters of the U S (acres) 0 10
Total Stream Impact (linear feet) 416
7 Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property9 ? Yes ® No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet) Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE
N/A
8 Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application
Pond to be created in (check all that apply) ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e g, dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc ) N/A
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e g, livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc ) N/A
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond N/A
Size of watershed draining to pond N/A Expected pond surface area N/A
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts
With the exception of not building the protect, there are no means of avoiding impacts to waters
of the State NCDOT will minimize impacts to the streams through the use of Best
Management Practices
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams
Page 5 of 8
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to reducing the size of the project, establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams, and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http //h2o enr state nc us/ncwetlands/strmgide html
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e g , deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed
N/A
2 Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP) Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http //h2o enr state nc us/wrp/index htm If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet)- 0
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet) N/A
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres) N/A
Amount of Non-npanan wetland mitigation requested (acres) N/A
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres) N/A
Page 6 of 8
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1 Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land9 Yes N No ?
2 If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation
Yes N No ?
3 If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouses If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter Yes N No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the protect The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion
1 Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B 0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B 0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B 0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B 0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )V Yes ? No N
2 If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers
Zone* (sqImpact uare feet) Multiplier
Required
Mitigation
1
2
Total
Gone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel, Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i e , Donation
of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, or Payment into the Riparian Buffer
Restoration Fund) Please attach all appropriate information as identified within 15A NCAC 2B
0242 or 0244, or 0260
N/A
Page 7 of 8
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level N/A
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility
N/A
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H 0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application Yes ? No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ? No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http //h2o enr state nc us/ncwetlands If no, please provide a short narrative description
N/A
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits, However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control)
N/A
f.?
8,zz-68
Applicant/Aont's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided )
Page 8 of 8
NOT TO SCALE
WETLAND & STREAMS
VICINITY
MAPS
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NCDOT
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
DURHAM COUNTY
PROJECT: 34916.1.1 (U-3309A)
SR 2028 WIDENING FROM
SR 1121 TO NC 147
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PROJECT: 34916.1.1 (U3309A)
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Durham County
T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028)
From Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) to west of NC 147
Research Triangle Park
Federal Aid Project No STP-2028(l)
State Project No 8 2350701
WBS Element No 34916
T I.P No U-3309 A
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
CATEGORIAL EXCLUSION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
submitted pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)
APPROVED:
/2 Z v,4, /-
Date P-Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch, NCDOT
3/0 Q _
r
ate John F. Sullivan III, P. E., DiviikoeAdministrator
?, Federal Highway Administration
Durham County
T W. Alexander Drive (SR 2028)
From Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) to west of NC 147
Research Triangle Park
Federal Aid Project No STP-2028(1)
State Project No 8 2352701
WBS Element No 34916
T.I P. No U-3309 A
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
March, 2005
Documentation Prepared in the Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
By
zV 04
ManL Sutton
Project Development Engineer
Linwood Stone, CPM
Project Development Engineer, Unit ad
Robert P Hanson, P E
Project Development Assistant Manager
PROJECT CONMTMENTS
Durham County
T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028)
From Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) to west of NC 147
Research Triangle Park
Federal Aid Project No STP-2028(1)
State Project No. 8 2352701
WBS Element No 34916
T LP No U-3309 A
Roadway Design / Traffic Control / Signing / Structures / Division / Resident
Engineer's Office
The existing 8-foot pedestrian/joggmg path will be retained along the south side of T W.
Alexander Drive The cost of replacing the existing pedestnan/jogging path will be
covered by NCDOT The proposed 5-foot paved shoulders with pavement marking and
signing will accommodate bicycle traffic Bicycle safe rails (54" high) will be installed
on both sides of the NC 147 bridge
Existing curb and gutter located at the entrances to the businesses will be replaced at the
cost of the NCDOT
Traffic Engineering
The NCDOT Traffic Engineering and Safety Systems Branch will review the project
before final design to determine if pedestrian phasing is required If pedestrian phasing is
required, the phases will be added to the signals throughout the project
Categorical Exclusion Page 1 of 1
March, 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY..
.. .
I DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION
A General Description of Project
B Proposed Improvements
1 Cross Section
2 Proposed Design Speed and Speed Limit
3 Right of Way
4 Drainage Structures
5 Bicycle Provisions.
6 Pedestrian/Jogging Path . .
7 Access Control
8 Intersection Treatment and Type of Control
9 Special Permits Required
10 Changes in the State Highway System
11 Cost Estimates . .
II PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT
A Purpose of Project
B Characteristics of the Existing Facility
1 Existing Cross Section
2 Existing Right of Way
3 Degree of Roadside Interference
4 Intersection Roads and Type of Control
5 Speed Limit
6 Utilities
7 School Bus Data
8 Railroad Crossing
9 Greenways
10 Pedestrian Trail/Jogging Path
C Projected Traffic Volumes and Capacity Analysis
D Safety
E Thoroughfare Plan and Route Function
II PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
A Recommended Alternative
B Alternative Modes of Transportation
C Transportation System Management Alternative
D "No Build" Alternative
III SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
A Land Use
PAGE
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1 Existing Land Use Plans ...... .. .. .... ..10 +
2 Future Land Use Plans . .... . . . .. .. ........ . .....11
B. Farmland .. ..... ..... ..... ......
. . ....... .... ... .. 11
C. Social Effects
1. Community/Neighborhood Characteristics ......................... 11
2 Public and Private Facilities
a. Schools, Libraries, Post Offices, Churches, etc ......................... ... 11
b. Police, Fire, Emergency Services ...... .. ............... .. 11
3 Demographics . . .. ....... ........... .... ... .. ....... ..... 12
4 Relocation Impacts ...... ................. ... . ............... .. .12
5. Environmental Justice . ......... ....... ............... ... . . ...12
6 Indirect and Cumulative Impacts... . . .. ........................ ....12
7. Cultural Resources
a Architectural / Archaeological Resources . .................. . ......12
b Section 4(f) Resources . .......... ........ ............... ............... . ...12
D. Economic Effects
1 Incomes . . .................................. 13
....................................... ... .
2 Development Potential ... ..... ......................... .. .. .............................. 13
E. Environmental Effects
1. Methodology .......................................... .......................
........... .... 13
2 Physical resources
a Geological Resources ................. ... .... . ...................... .... .14
1.) Regional Characteristics .... ....................................................14
2 ) Soils.. ................... ..... . .. ............. ................ 15
b Water Resources .. ............ .... ... . ... .. ... . . .15
1) Waters Impacted and Characteristics . . ....... ...................... -.15
2) Clean Water Act Section 303(d) Streams .... . . ..... .... .16
3) Best Usage Classifications ... ... .. .. ... ..... ..... 16
4) Summary of Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources ........... 16
3. Biotic Resources ........................ .. .... ............ .. .16
a Terrestrial Communities .. ....... .. .. . ... ....... .. .... 17
b Wildlife ................................. ..... 17
c Aquatic Community.......... ..... ... .. .. 18
d. Summary of Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities . ...... 18
4 Jurisdictional Topics . ............. . . . ..... .. ... . 19
a Waters of United States .... ... .. 19
1) Characteristics of Wetlands and Surface Waters .... .. ....19
2) Summary of Anticipated Jurisdictional Impacts ...... 19
3) Permits ..... ........... .. .... .... ... ... 20
4 ) Mitigation .. ....... .. ........ ........... 20
a) Avoidance ... ........ .. ... .. . . ... .. 20
b) Minimization ... ....... ... .... .20
c) Compensatory Mitigation ... .. ..... 21
b Rare and Protected Species ... .. .. ... .. .... . . . .. 21
1 ) Federally Protected Species. . ..... .. ... .. ....... .. .21
2 ) Federal Species of Concern.. ... .... ... ........... .. 23
5 Hazardous Materials 24
6 Noise . .25
7 Air Quality 25
IV COMMENTS AND COORDINATION
A Interagency Coordination .26
B NEPA/404 Merger Process 27
C Local Business Coordination .. 27
D Public Hearing .28
TABLES
Table 1 Existing Unsignalized Intersections
Table 2 Improved Unsignalized Intersections
Table 3 Signalized Intersections
Table 4 Accident Type
Table 5 Accident Rates
Table 6 Anticipated Biotic Community Impacts
Table 7 Federally-Protected Species for Durham County
Table 8 Federal Species for Concern for Durham County
FIGURES
Figure 1 Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Project Aerial Photograph
Figure 3 Proposed 4-Lane Divided Shoulder Section
Figures 4 A & B Estimated Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Projections
Figures 5 - 8 Proposed Intersection Geometry
Figure 9 Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Urban Area Thoroughfare Plan
7
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8
19
21
24
APPENDIX Comments Received from Federal and State Agencies
Durham County
T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028)
From Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) to west of NC 147
Research Triangle Park
Federal Aid Project No STP-2028(l)
State Project No 8.2352701
WBS Element No. 34916
T I P. No U-3309 A
SUMMARY
1. Type of Action
This is a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Administrative Action,
Categorical Exclusion
2. Description of Action
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), Division of Planning
and Environment, proposes to widen T W. Alexander Drive (SR 2028) to multi-lanes
from Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) to west of NC 147 in the Research Triangle Park This
project also includes intersection improvements at Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) and the
addition of turn lanes at the NC 147 Interchange (See Figure I for project location)
The proposed improvements will improve traffic flow along T W Alexander Drive
This project is included in NCDOT's approved 2004-2010 Transportation
Improvement Program (T I P) The turn lanes at the NC 147 Interchange were added to
the scope of the project to improve traffic flow and relieve congestion without requiring
the widening of the NC 147 bridge The cost of the additional work is $400,000 Right
of way acquisition is scheduled to begin in Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2006 and
construction is scheduled to be let in FFY 2008
3. Alternatives Considered
A. Recommended Alternative
It is recommended that T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028) be widened to a four-
lane divided shoulder section with a 30-foot raised median from Cornwallis Road (SR
1121) to dust west of NC 147 in the Research Triangle Park in Durham County The
typical section includes 5-foot paved shoulders within 8-foot usable shoulders The
proposed 5-foot paved shoulders will accommodate bicycle traffic
B. Alternative Modes of Transportation
Several alternatives were considered for the proposed action including the Mass
Transit Alternative, Transportation System Management Alternative, No-Build
Alternative, and Build Alternative No alternative mode of transportation is
considered to be a practical alternative to this highway project Mass transit,
staggering work hours, car-pooling, and vanpoolmg are possible ways to reduce
highway congestion, however, these congestion management measures are not within
the control of NCDOT and will not serve the purpose and need for the project alone
C. Transportation System Management Alternative
The Transportation System Management (TSM) Alternative includes limited
construction activities designed to maximize the efficiency of the present
transportation system TSM measures enhance the operations of a facility, while
minimizing capital outlay These measures can include physical improvements to the
roadway network as well as operational improvements
Although TSM measures will improve traffic safety and operations, they will not
eliminate the need for additional capacity on the roadway network Therefore, TSM
techniques are eliminated from further consideration as an alternative to new roadway
construction to the existing roadway
D. "No Build" Alternative
The "No Build" alternative was considered dunng project development The "no
build" alternative presents negative impacts to future traffic operations in the area
Enhanced safety, greater traffic carrying capacity, and improved mobility are needed
from a facility that connects the existing radials For these reasons, the "no build"
alternative was rejected
4. Environmental Impacts
The proposed project will provide an overall positive benefit to the Research
Triangle Park The project will improve traffic flow and increase safety by reducing
travel times and providing more efficient vehicle operation The provision of afoot
paved shoulder with marking and signage will allow bicyclists to travel along the
shoulder of the roadway
No adverse effects on historic structures and properties, archaeological sites,
streams, wetlands, federally protected species, hazardous waste sites, or community
cohesion are expected as a result of project construction Impacts on noise levels and air
quality in the project will be insignificant No High Quality Waters, Outstanding
Resource Water, or waters classified as WS-1 and WS-II are located within the project
limits, or within 10 mile of the project study area There are no major stream crossings
found along the project corridor
5. Coordination
During this planning study, comments were requested from the following federal,
state and local agencies Written comments were received from agencies noted with an
asterisk (*)
U S Army Corps of Engineers
U S Fish and Wildlife Service
*U S Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
11
U S Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
U S Department of Agriculture
U S Environmental Protection Agency
U S Department of Health and Human Services
N C Department of Environment and Natural Resources
N C State Clearinghouse, Department of Administration
*N C Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Historical Resources
N C Department of Human Resources
N C Wildlife Resources Commission
N C Department of Public Instruction
*Research Triangle Foundation
6. Basis for Categorical Exclusion
On the basis of planning and environmental studies conducted for this project, it was
determined the proposed action will not have significant adverse effects upon the human
or natural environment The project has been reviewed by appropriate state and local
agencies and no objections have been raised Therefore, a Federal Categorical Exclusion
is applicable for this project
Table 1
Summary of Impacts
Category Units Build
Alternate
Length miles 1 06
Residential Relocations total -0
nunonty 0
Business Relocations total 0
minority 0
Total Relocations total 0
Non-Profit Relocations total 0
Potential Hazardous
Mat Sites each 0
Wetlands Acres 0
Stream Impacts Linear feet 150
Protected Species
Impacted Species
?T
0
O
111
Impacted
Noise properties 1
(residence and
bus
Historic Architecture Properties 0
Archaeology Sites 0
Air Quality 1-Hour* carbon monoxide 79
(ppm) 2025
Construction Cost Dollars $7,900,000
Right of Way Cost Dollars $ 500,000
Total Cost Dollars $8,400,000
*ppm = parts per million
National Ambient 1-hour Air Quality Standards 35 ppm
7. Additional Information
The following persons can be contacted for additional information
John F Sullivan, III, P.E , Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601
Telephone [phone]
Gregory J Thorpe, Ph D., Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Telephone [phone] -
3
.1

1V
Durham County
T.W. Alexander Drive (SR 2028)
From Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) to west of NC 147
Research Triangle Park
Federal Aid Project No STP-2028(1)
State Project No 8.2352701
T.I P. No U-3309 A
WBS Element 34916 1.1
I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
A. General Description of Project
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to widen 1 06
miles of T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028) to multi-lanes from Cornwallis Road (SR
1121) to just west of NC 147 in the Research Triangle Park. Improvements at the
intersections with Cornwallis and the NC 147 Interchange are also included (See
Figures 1 for project location). The proposed unprovements will unprove traffic flow
along T W Alexander Drive.
This project is included in NCDOT's approved 2004 to 2010 Transportation
Improvement Program (T.I.P) Right of way acquisition is scheduled to begin in Federal
Fiscal Year (FFY) 2006 and construction is scheduled to be let in FFY 2008.
T I P Project Number U-3309 B, an adjacent project, widens T.W. Alexander Drive
(SR 2028) to a four-lane divided shoulder section with a 30-foot raised grass median
from east of NC 147 (Durham Freeway) to Miami Boulevard (SR 1959) in the Research
Triangle Park This project was let to contract in May 2002 and is scheduled for
completion in May 2005
Cornwallis Road has been widened to accommodate bike lanes from NC 55 to
SR 1959 (T I P Project Number E-2913B) This project (U-3309A) will tie-m with
matching pavement markings and pavement widths at the T.W Alexander Drive and
Cornwallis Road intersection A "Moving Ahead" project proposes to add a 3" overlay
on Cornwallis Road The pavement at the intersection with T W Alexander Drive will be
nulled and replaced This work is scheduled to be complete by December 2005
B. Proposed Improvements
1. Cross Section
The project proposes to widen T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028) to a four-lane
divided shoulder section with a 30-foot raised grass median The typical section
includes 5-foot paved shoulders within 8-foot usable shoulders This cross
section includes an additional 1-foot of pavement to each shoulder width to
accommodate bicycle traffic (See figure 3)
2. Proposed Design Speed and Speed Limit
The proposed project will have a mummum design speed of 60 miles per hour
(mph) The posted speed limit is expected to be 55 mph
3. Right of Way
The existmgl50-foot right of way will be sufficient for this project Temporary
construction easements, permanent drainage easements, and additional right of
way will be required in some areas along the project
4. Drainage Structures
There are no major stream crossings found along the project corridor
5. Bicycle Provisions
The proposed 5-foot paved shoulders on both sides of T W Alexander Drive will
include pavement marking and signing to accommodate bicycle traffic The
width of the NC 147 bridge is sufficient to carry bicycle traffic across. Bicycle
safe rail (54" high) will be provided on both sides of the bridge.
6. Pedestrian/Jogging Path
The Research Triangle Foundation has requested the existing 8-foot
pedestnan/joggmg path be retained along the south side of T W Alexander Drive
The cost of replacing the existing pedestnan/joggmg path will be covered by
NCDOT The NCDOT Traffic Engineering and Safety Systems Branch will
review the project before final design to determine if pedestrian phasing is
required If pedestrian phasing is required, the phases will be added to the signals
throughout the project.
7. Access Control
No control of access is proposed for this project The median opening
recommendations are based on the NCDOT's Median Crossover Guidelines and
the traffic operations analysis of the SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) corridor
Consideration was given to the availability of alternate access points and traffic
circulation in the surrounding roadway network SR 2028 (T W Alexander
Drive) connects to the Durham Freeway to the east and Cornwallis Road to the
west Cornwallis Road also has an interchange on the Durham Freeway This
allows access to the Durham Freeway whether or not full-movement median
openings are provided
8. Intersection Treatment and Type of Control
All intersections along the proposed project will remain at grade
9. Special Permits Required
It is anticipated that a Nationwide #14 Permit will be sufficient since anticipated
impacts to Waters of the U S (streams) from the proposed project are less than
300 feet
10. Changes in the State Highway System
No changes in the state highway system are currently anticipated
11. Cost Estimates
The proposed unprovements are estimated to cost a total of $8,400,000 including
$500,000 for right of acquisition and $7,900,000 for construction
H. PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT
A. Purpose of Project
The purpose of this project is to improve the capacity and safety of T W. Alexander
Drive (SR 2028) T.W Alexander Drive is an unportant connection in the roadway
network at Research Triangle Park The proposed project will eliminate the "bottleneck"
which currently exists between NC 147 (Durham Freeway) and Cornwallis Road (SR
1121) by widening T W. Alexander Dnve to a four-lane, median divided facility The
widening will reduce congestion by separating tuning movements from through traffic
flow, and by restricting the number and areas of left-turn access points. In addition, the
proposed project will improve the traffic carrying capacity of the road and reduce the
potential for crashes.
B. Characteristics of the Existing Facility -
1. Existing Cross Section
The existing cross section of T W. Alexander Drive (SR 2028) between NC 147
(Durham Freeway) and Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) is a two-lane, 26-foot facility
with 8 to 20 foot shoulders
2. Existing Right of Way
The existing right of way width is 150 feet
3. Degree of Roadside Interference
No roadside interference exists except for the business signage that may need to
be relocated or replaced The existing curb and gutter located at the entrances to
the businesses will be replaced at the expense of the NCDOT.
4. Intersecting Roads and Type of Control
The following streets intersect T W Alexander Drive at grade and are controlled
as noted
Road Type of Control
Cornwallis Road Signalized
Lilly Driveway Unsignalized
DuPont Driveway Unsignalized
National Driving Center Driveway Unsignalnzed
Moore Drive Signalized
NC 147 Southbound Ramps Signalized
NC 147 Northbound Ramps Signalized
5. Speed Limit
The Regional Traffic Engineer has stated that the speed limit along this project
will be posted at 55-mph This speed limit is not only to allow continuity, but it is
considered the appropriate speed limit based on the design speed of the roadway
6. Utilities
All major utilities (electric, water, sanitary, sewer, telecommunications, and
natural gas) are located on the project and will be accommodated during and after
construction of the project According to NCDOT standards, utility impacts are
anticipated to be high.
7. School Bus Data
Two school buses travel this section of T.W Alexander Drive (SR 2028)
twice a day for pass-through purposes
8. Railroad Crossing
There are no existing or planned railroad crossings within the project limits
9. Greenways
There are no existing or plannea greenways in the project area
10. Pedestrian/Jogging Path
There is an 8-foot wide asphalt pedestnan/joggmg path along the south side of
T W Alexander Drive in the project area
C. Protected Traffic Volumes and Capacity Analysis
Current Average Daily Traffic (ADT) volume along T W Alexander Drive is 15,700
to 14,100 vehicles per day Truck Traffic is three percent of the total daily traffic
Design Year 2030 volume is projected to be 33,100 to 31,400 vehicles per day Truck
traffic is three percent of the design year total daily traffic volumes See Figures 4 A & B
for Estimated Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Projections
Levels of service are used to describe the operating conditions on a street or highway
When traffic volumes approach or exceed the capacity of a roadway or intersection,
operating levels of service (LOS) are diminished and congestion results Simply defined,
level of service is a qualitative measure which describes operational conditions of traffic
along a roadway or at an intersection of two roadways Six (6) levels of service are
defined from A to F, with LOS A the best and LOS F the worst Each level of service
represents a range of operating conditions
Mainline Analysis - The results of the arterial analysis indicate that it currently
operates at Level-of-Service (LOS) D. The 2030 No Build arterial analysis showed that
without the project, SR 2028 (T.W Alexander Drive) will operate at LOS F overall
With the protect and the individual intersection unprovements outlined below, SR 2028
(T.W Alexander Drive) is projected to operate at LOS E, and the overall travel speeds
will have increased from the No Build condition
Intersection Analysis- For free-flowing sections of roadway, level of service is a
measure of traffic density and speed For signalized intersections, level of service is
defined in terms of stopped delay Generally, in suburban areas with traffic signals
spaced less than 10 mile apart, the traffic carrying capacity of a roadway is determined
by the ability of the signalized intersections to accommodate the traffic volumes The
studied section of T.W. Alexander Drive has traffic signals at the intersections with
Cornwallis Road, Moore Drive, NC 147 Southbound Ramps and NC 147 Northbound
Ramps The traffic carrying capacity is dependent upon the ability of the intersections to
accommodate traffic volumes See Tables 1- 3 for the existing and future levels of
service for the intersections located within the project area Figures 5 - 8 show the
proposed intersection geometry described below
• SR 2028 (T.W. Alexander Drive) and Cornwallis Road - This intersection is
currently signalized. With the existing geometry, this intersection is expected to
operate at LOS C in 2003 and LOS F with 161.3 seconds of delay in 2030 It is
recommended to provide southbound dual left-turn lanes. Exclusive westbound and
northbound nght-turn lanes are also recommended at this location. With the
recommended geometry, the intersection is expected to operate at LOS F with 107.3
seconds of delay in the 2030 design year
In order to achieve a LOS D or better, a grade separation or six through lanes (3 in
each direction) for both Cornwallis Road and T W Alexander Drive would be
needed These additional unprovements are beyond the budget and scope of this
project
• SR 2028 (T W. Alexander Drive) and Lilly Driveway - This intersection is
currently unsignalized With the existing geometry, the eastbound left-turn
movement is expected to operate at LOS A, the southbound left-turn movement at
LOS F with a queue of three vehicles, and the southbound right-turn movement at
LOS C in 2003 In 2030, the eastbound left-turn movement is expected to operate at
LOS C, the southbound left-turn movement at LOS F with an indeterminate queue,
and the southbound right-turn movement at LOS E It is recommended that the Lilly
Driveway have right-in, right-out access to SR 2028 (T.W Alexander Drive) With
the recommended geometry, the southbound right-turn movement is expected to
operate at LOS C in the 2030 design year
• SR 2028 (T.W. Alexander Drive) and DuPont Driveway / Tucasi Central
Campus Driveway - This intersection is currently unsignalized With the existing
geometry, the eastbound and westbound left-turn movements are expected to operate

at LOS A, the northbound shared left-through and nght-turn movement at LOS E, the
southbound shared left-turn and through movement at LOS F with a queue of one
vehicle, and the southbound nght-turn movement at LOS C in 2003 In 2030, the
eastbound and westbound left-turn movements are expected to operate at LOS C, the
northbound shared left-, through, and right-turn movement at LOS F with a queue of
twelve vehicles, the southbound shared left-turn and through movement at LOS F
with a queue of six vehicles, and the southbound right-turn movement at LOS E
It is recommended that the DuPont Driveway have nght-m, right-out access to SR
2028 (T.W Alexander Drive) and the Tucasi Central Campus Driveway have left-in,
right-in, right-out access to SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) With the
recommended geometry, the westbound left-turn and southbound nght-turn
movements are expected to operate at LOS C, and the northbound nght-turn
movement is expected to operate at LOS D in the 2030 design year
• SR 2028 (T.W. Alexander Drive) and National Driving Center Driveway - Tlus
intersection is currently unsignalized With the existing geometry, the shared
eastbound left-through movement is expected to operate at LOS B, the southbound
left-turn movement at LOS F with a queue of sixteen vehicles, and the southbound
right-turn at LOS C in 2003 In 2030, the shared eastbound left-through movement
and the southbound left - and right-turn movements are expected to operate at LOS F
with indeterminate queues It is recommended that National Driving Center
Driveway have a full-movement median opening on SR 2028 (T W Alexander
Drive) With the recommended geometry, the eastbound left-turn movement is
expected to operate at LOS C, the southbound left-turn movement at LOS F with a
queue of fourteen vehicles, and the southbound right-turn movement is expected to
operate at LOS B in the 2030 design year. It is not unusual to have left-turns from the
side streets operating at LOS F The southbound left-turn movement's small que
during the peak hour contributes to the LOS F -
• SR 2028 (T.W. Alexander Drive) and-Moore Drive - Tlus intersection is currently
signalized The intersection is expected to operate at LOS C in 2003 and in 2030 It
is recommended to provide an exclusive westbound right-turn lane at this location
With this recommended geometry, the intersection is expected to operate at LOS C in
the 2030 design year
• SR 2028 (T.W. Alexander Drive) and NC 147 Southbound Ramps - Tlus
intersection is currently signalized The intersection is expected to operate at LOS C
in 2003 and LOS F with 910 seconds of delay in 2030 It is recommended to provide
dual southbound left-turn lanes and a freeflow right-turn lane at this location The
freeflow right-turn lane will require a third through lane on SR 2028 (T W Alexander
Drive) to receive it The third lane can be dropped as a right-turn lane at Moore
Drive With this recommended geometry, the intersection is expected to operate at
LOS D in the 2030 design year
6
• SR 2028 (T.W. Alexander Drive) and NC 147 Northbound Ramps - This
mtersection is currently signalized The intersection is expected to operate at LOS B
in 2003 and LOS E in 2030 It is recommended to provide dual northbound left-turn
lanes and a freeflow northbound nght-turn lane at this location With the
recommended geometry, the intersection is expected to operate at LOS C in the 2030
design year
Table 1- Existin Unsi alined Intersections

Intersection Approach/
Movement 2003
Existing
LOS 2030
No Build
LOS
EB L A C
SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) and Lilly Driveway SB L F F
SB R C E
EB L A C
SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) and DuPont WB L A C
Driveway / Tucast Central Campus Driveway NB LTR E F
SB LT F F
SB R C E
SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) and National Driving EB LT B F
Center Driveway SB L F F
SB R C F
Table 2 - Improved UnsiLynalized Intersections
Intersection Approach/
Movement 2030
Build
LOS
SR 2028 T W Alexander Drive) and Lill Driveway SB R C
SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) and DuPont Driveway/ WB L C
Tucasi Central Campus Driveway SB R C
NB R D
SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) and National Driving Center EB L C
Driveway SB L F
SB R B
Table 3 - Signalized Intersections
2003 2030 2030
Intersection Existing No Build Build
LOS LOS LOS
SR 2028 T W Alexander Drive) and Cornwallis Road C F F
SR 2028 T W Alexander Drive) and Moore Drive C C C
SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) and NC 147 Southbound C F D
Ramps
SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) and NC 147 Northbound B E C
Ramps
D. Safety
Existing T W Alexander has a greater fatal and non-fatal injury accident rate than the
statewide average The NC 147 ramp intersections account for 57% of the total crashes
76% of the total crashes occurred at the two main intersections SR 2028 at NC 147 and
SR 2028 at Cornwallis Road Table 4 provides a summary of the types of accidents in
the project area Table 5 shows the number of accidents in the project area and the
corresponding statewide averages for similar roads
The number of accidents is expected to increase as project area roads become more
congested Left-turns are a safety concern because slow moving or stopped vehicles are
vulnerable to rear-end collisions Left-turn and rear-end accidents are the most common
type of accident in the project area
Table 4 Accident Type Summary
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
? Left Turn, Same Roadway
0 Rear End, Slow or Stop
O Angle
? Left Turn, Different
Roadways
N Animal
Table 5
Comparison of Accident Rates with Statewide Averages
(Per 100 Million Vehicle Mih-_0
Accident Category T.W. Alexander Drive
SR 2028 Statewide Rate*
Total Accident Rate 384.89 407.28
Fatal Accident Rate 7.55 1.17
Non-fatal Injury Accident Rate 135.84 131.79
Night Accident Rate 90.56 91.95
Wet Accident Rate 45.28 71.95
ZUUI-IUUJ 3tatewtae Crash rateJor 2-Lane undivided Urban Secondary Route
8
Percent of Total
E. Thoroughfare Plan and Route Function
T W Alexander Drive is classified as a collector on the Statewide Functional
Classification System and a major thoroughfare on the Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro
Urban Area Thoroughfare Plan (See Figure 9) This route provides access from both NC
147 and US 70 to industries located in the Research Triangle Park Inside Research
Triangle Park, T W Alexander Drive collects traffic from Cornwallis Road (SR 1121),
NC 147, and Miami Boulevard (SR 1959) The proposed improvements will improve the
level of service (LOS) along this section of T W Alexander Drive and is consistent with
the thoroughfare plan
III. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
A. Recommended Alternative
It is recommended that T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028) be widened to a four-lane
divided shoulder facility with a thirty-foot raised grass median, from NC 147 (Durham
Freeway) to Cornwallis Rd (SR 1121) in the Research Triangle Park The typical cross
section includes 5-foot paved shoulders within 8-foot useable shoulders An additional 1-
foot of pavement has been added to each shoulder to accommodate bicycle traffic There
were no additional build alternatives considered U-3309A was designed with the same
typical section as U-3309B to provide continuity along T W Alexander Drive
The proposed widening is not symmetrical to the existing roadway, instead it follows
the existing right of way The proposed alignment is much simpler using a single curve
where the existing pavement meanders through the right of way
Improvements to the intersection of Cornwallis Road include adding additional turn
lanes and increasing storage length Additional turn lanes are proposed for northbound
and southbound NC 147 interchange off ramps
In addition to bicycle accommodations, the project proposes to replace the existing
off-road, pedestnan/jogging path, which is located on the north side of T W Alexander
Drive from NC 147 (Durham Freeway) to Moore Dr and on the south side of T W
Alexander Drive from Moore Dr to Cornwallis Rd (SR 1121) The cost of replacing the
existing pedestrian/jogging path will be covered by NCDOT
The estimated cost of the project is $8,400,000, which includes $500,000 for right of
way and $7,900,000 for construction Right of way acquisition is scheduled to begin in
the Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2006 and construction is to begin in the Federal Fiscal
Year (FFY) 2008
B. Alternative Modes of Transportation
No alternative mode of transportation is considered to be a practical alternative to this
highway project Mass transit, staggering work hours, car-pooling, and van-pooling are
possible ways to reduce highway congestion however, these congestion management
measures will not provide the capacity and safety improvements needed for T W
Alexander Drive
C. Transportation System Management Alternative
The Transportation System Management (TSM) Alternative includes limited
construction activities designed to maximize the efficiency of the present transportation
system TSM measures enhance the operations of a facility, while nummmng capital
outlay These measures can include physical improvements to the roadway network as
well as operational improvements
Potential TSM options within the study area that have not been considered in
previously discussed alternatives include optimizing traffic signal phases and
coordinating signal operations Projected traffic volumes for this area exceed the
capacity of existing roadways Generally if traffic volumes exceed the capacity of the
roadways, minor improvements to signal phases or optimization of signal tunings will not
improve the level of service
Although TSM measures will unprove traffic safety and operations, they will not
eliminate the need for additional capacity on the roadway network Therefore, TSM
techniques are eliminated from further consideration as an alternative to new roadway
construction to the existing roadway.
D. No-Build Alternative
The no-build alternative was considered during project development The no-bwld
alternative would have negative impacts to future traffic operations in the area Enhanced
safety, greater traffic carrying capacity, and unproved mobility are needed for this
unportant corridor For these reasons, the no-build alternative was rejected
IV. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
A. Land Use
1. Existing Land Use Plans
Durham County has an approved Durham County Land Use Plan and has
planning and zoningjunsdiction along TIP U-3309A
Land use within the demographic area is predominantly Business Park, with some
scattered commercial and residential uses outside of the Research Triangle Park
Most of the area along the corridor is developed although a few vacant spaces are
available The Durham 2020 Comprehensive Plan calls for managing growth by only
allowing extension of water and sewer lines withm the Urban Growth Area The
Research Triangle Park falls within the Urban Growth Area According to a
representative from the Research Triangle Foundation, built-upon area in RTP is
controlled through zoning TIP U-3309A is consistent with the plans laid out for
10
Durham County in the 2020 plan as well as the Triangle Township Plan and will
provide for an unproved flow of traffic within this area All of the Research Triangle
Park is zoned for research applications and those areas to the west of RTP are mainly
zoned for industrial and commercial with some multi-family residential facilities
2. Future Land Use Changes
County planners expect no changes in land use or zoning classifications in the
project area and no large projects are pending or planned within the demographic
area
B. Farmland
North Carolina Executive Order Number 96, Preservation of Prime Agricultural and
Forest Lands, requires all state agencies to consider the impact of land acquisition and
construction projects on prune farmland soils, as designated by the U.S. Natural
Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) These soils are based on criteria such as crop
yield and level of input of economic resources
The Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA) is designed to minimize the degree to
which federally sponsored programs contribute to the "unnecessary and irreversible
conversion of farmland to non-agricultural uses," and ensure that these programs are
consistent with state, local, and private programs to protect farmland
There are no active farming operations in the TIP project area Given that the TIP
project is located in a fairly developed area, and no agricultural uses exist along the
corridor, there are no impacts to prime farmland resulting from TIP U-3309A
C. Social Effects
1. Community/Neighborhood Characteristics
The project is located within the Research Triangle Park and there are no
residences located within the project limits The widening of T W Alexander Drive
should not split, disrupt, or isolate the existing Research Triangle Park Community The
project will temporarily disrupt areas around the pedestnan/joggmg path south of the
road. According to RTP personnel, most business people drive rather than walk to
meetings The pedestrian/joggmg trails are mainly used for exercise and recreation
2. Public and Private Facilities
a. Schools, Libraries, Post Offices, Churches, Etc.
There are a few public facilities within the demographic area No public facilities
are located along the project corridor, but there is a small cemetery located just southeast
of the intersection of T W Alexander Drive and Cornwallis Road There is a daycare
center located within the G1axoSmrthKline building just south of So-Hi Drive
b. Police, Fire, Emergency Services
While police, fire and emergency services are available within a two-mile radius
of any point on the project, no such facilities are located along this section of T W
Alexander Drive.
11
3. Demographics
The Research Triangle Park is a large research office park and is a mayor employment
center with over 43,000 employees that work for more than 130 companies The services
and manufacturing industries added the most jobs in Durham County between 1990 and
2000
4. Relocation Impacts
No residential or business relocations will be required
5. Environmental Justice
No businesses or residences are being relocated as a result of the project Therefore,
the project should not have a disproportionately high or adverse effect on minority or
low-income populations
6. Indirect and Cumulative Impacts
Completion of the project is not expected to encourage any particular development
and most of the area is already developed The project may, however, indirectly
encourage secondary development By relieving traffic congestion along T W
Alexander Drive, the project may improve the quality of life for local workers who use
the road to reach nearby places of employment By possibly indirectly encouraging
additional office development in the north part of the Research Triangle Park, the project
may contribute to the continued economic stability of Durham County The project
should have no impact on neighborhood or community areas.
7. Cultural Resources
a. Architectural / Archaeological Resources
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, implemented by the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation's for Compliance with Section 106, codified as CFR Part 800
It is also subject to compliance with Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation
Act of 1966, as amended
Pursuant to 36 CFR Part 800 4, the North Carolina State Historic Preservation
Office (HPO) was consulted prior to the scoping meeting for this project, and they
recommended neither an architectural survey nor an archaeological survey be
conducted A copy of HPO's letter is located in the Appendix
Since there are no properties either listed in or eligible for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places in the area of potential effects, no further compliance with
Section 106 of the National Register Act of 1966 is required
b. Section 4(f) Resources
Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 (49 USC 303)
protects the use and function of publicly owned parks, recreation area,
wildlife/waterfowl refuges, and historic properties A transportation project can only
12
use land from a Section 4(f) resource when there are no other feasible or prudent
alternatives and when the project includes all possible planning to minimize harm to
the resource
There are no Section 4(f) resources in the project area, therefore, Section 4(f) of
the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 (49 USC 303) as amended does not
apply
D. Economic Effects
1. Incomes
TIP U-3309A should not inhabit development opportunities adjacent to T W
Alexander Drive or within the demographic area No new access to land will be created
as a result of the project Development opportunities could potentially be enhanced by
less congestion along T W. Alexander Drive, making the area more attractive to
businesses
Construction will temporarily cause increased congestion along T W Alexander
Drive until the project is finished. As long as access is maintained to all businesses it
should not affect their economic viability The businesses along T W. Alexander Drive
are not commercial in nature, and, thus, they do not rely on dnve-by customer traffic.
There will be no visibility unpacts from TIP U-3309A because businesses along the
project have limited visibility of the road.
Tax base and property values should not be affected by TIP U-3309A because of the
large existing setbacks for the buildings Property values should not be greatly increased
because the project does not provide new access to land, and, therefore, it is dust fulfilling
a need to relieve existing congestion
2. Development Potential
Because TIP U-3309A is a widening project on existing location, no new access to
property will be created Most of the area along T W Alexander Drive is already
developed except for two areas to the south that have driveway access off of T W
Alexander Drive and two privately owned properties to the north One of the owners,
GlaxoSnuthKline, already has a building on the site and has no current plans for the
remaining portion The other owner, Craig Davis Properties, also has no current plans for
development and their property also has access off Cornwallis Road Therefore, the
potential for induced growth directly along the project is limited There are more vacant
parcels within the demographic area, but the influence of the road widening is much more
limited since it is dust allowing for reduced traffic congestion and not for new access
E. Environmental Effects
1. Methodology
Research was conducted prior to field investigations Information sources used in
this pre-field investigation of the study area include U S Geological survey (USGS)
quadrangle map (Durham, NC, 1981), Natural Resource Conservation Service soils
13
information for Durham County (USDA 1977), and NCDOT aerial photography (1 100)
of the project area Water resource information was obtained from publications of the
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality (NCDENR-DWQ 2000a) and from the NC Center for Geographic Systems
database (July 2001) Information concerning the occurrence of federal and state
protected species m the study area was gathered from the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS) list of protected species and federal species of concern, as well as from the
N.C Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database of rare species and unique habitats
(Amoroso 2002, LeGrand and Hall 2001)
A study corridor of 150 feet equal to the proposed right of way was chosen for the
natural resources investigation General field surveys were conducted along the proposed
study corridor by NCDOT biologists on March 28, 2003 A follow up survey for
federally protected plant species was conducted on June 9, 2003 The project site was
visited on June 17, 2004 to survey the area that included the improvements to the NC 147
Interchange Plant communities and their associated wildlife were identified and
recorded Wildlife identification involved using one or more of the following
observation techniques. active searching and capture, visual observations (binoculars),
and identifying characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds, scat, tracks, nests, and burrows)
Impacts to biotic communities, wetland, and stream are based on this 150-foot right of
way limit
Jurisdictional wetland determinations were performed using delineation criteria
described in the "Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual" (Environmental
Laboratory, 1957) and rated using the "Guidance for Rating the Values of Wetlands in
North Carolina" (Division of Environmental Management 1995) Jurisdictional surface
water determinations were performed using guidance provided by the N C Division of
Water Quality [(DWQ), formerly known as the Division of Environmental Management
(DEM)), "Field Location of Streams, Ditches, and Ponding" (NCDENR-DWQ 1997) and
DWQ Stream Classification Form (NCDENR-DWQ 1999a)
2. Physical Resources
a. Geogological Resources
1.) Regional Characteristics
The project study area lies within the Piedmont Physiographic Province The
topography in this section of Durham County is characterized by gently rolling
hills that are dissected by fairly wide flood plains. The proposed project is
approximately 300 feet above mean sea level The county is drained by tributaries
of the Cape Fear River to the southwest and the Neuse River to the northeast The
City of Durham lies immediately to the north of the project area The study area
within the proposed right of way is partially developed, industrial, as well as
commercial, with several large forested areas The physical resources located
within the project area directly influence the composition and distribution of a
biotic community's flora and fauna
14
2.) Soils
The southeastern portion of Durham County is underlain primarily with
soils in the White Store-Creedmoor Association This association is
comprised of moderately well drained soils that have a subsoil of dominantly
firm and very firm clay There are two soil types located in the project area
Each soil type is arranged in order of representation within the project study
area
• Cartecay and Chewacla (Cc)
• White Store sandy loam 10 to 25 percent slopes (WsE)
b. Water Resources
This section contains information concerning those water resources likely to
be impacted within the project study area Water resources information
encompasses physical aspects of the resource, its relationship to mayor water
systems, Best Usage Standards and water quality of the resources Probable
impacts to these water bodies are also discussed, as are means to minimize these
impacts
1.) Waters Impacted and Characteristics
The project study area is located within subbasm 03-06-05, Hydrologic
Unit 03030002 of the Cape Fear River Basin, the largest river basm in the state of
North Carolina This nvc. vasin covers 9,149 square irides and 27 counties
(NCDENR-DWQ 2000a). -
One perennial stream, an Unnamed tributary (UT) to Northeast Creek, is
located north of T W Alexander Drive and runs parallel to the proposed right of
way for approximately 3,000 feet There are no anticipated impacts to this stream
because it is located unmddnately outside of the proposed right of way The UT is
a perennial stream that begins approximately 1.5 miles northeast of the project
area near SR 1945, and flows southwest This stream flows into two man made
ponds near the intersection of T W Alexander Drive and Cornwallis Road The
stream then flows into Northeast Creek approximately 1 mile downstream of the
project area The substrate of the stream is composed of sand, clay, bedrock,
cobbles and pebbles The stream was approximately 5 feet wide, vaned in depth
from 6 inches to 2 feet, had a moderate to slow flow and had good water clanty
One intermittent channel (IC) is located in the project corridor The IC
crosses under T W Alexander Drive approximately 0 25 mile from the
intersection T W Alexander Drive and Cornwallis Road After flowing under the
road the channel flows into a man made pond The stream is approximately 1-2
feet wide, had a depth of %z to 1 foot, had a moderate flow and had moderate
clanty
There are several roadside drainage ditches in the protect area and three
natural ephemeral channels that cross under the road At the time of the site visit,
standing water was observed in most of these channels
15
2.) Clean Water Act Section 303(d) Streams
The DWQ has assembled a list of unpaired waterbodies according to the
Clean Water Act Section 303(d) and 40 CFR 130.7, referred to as the NC 2000
Section 303(d) list The portion of UT in the project area is not included on the
list of 303(d) unpaired streams
3.) Best Usage Classifications
Streams have been assigned a best usage classification by the DWQ,
winch reflects water quality conditions and potential resource usage Unnamed
tributaries receive the same classification as the streams to which they flow
Northeast Creek is classified as C NSW at the confluence with the UT Class C
refers to waters suitable for aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife,
secondary recreation, and agriculture NSW waters are nutrient sensitive waters
and receive this supplemental classification because they are in need of additional
nutrient management due to excessive growth of microscopic or macroscopic
vegetation In general, management strategies for point and nonpomt source
pollution control require there be no increase in nutrients over background levels
No waters classified as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), High Quality
Waters (HQW) or Water Supplies (WS-I, undeveloped watersheds, or WS-II,
predominantly undeveloped watersheds) occur within one mile of the project
study area
4.) Summary of Anticipated Impacts to Water-Resources
In order to muumize potential impacts to water resources in the project
area, NCDOT's Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters
will be strictly enforced during the constructiorr phase of the project
3. Biotic Resources
Biotic resources located in the project area include terrestrial and aquatic
communities Tlus section describes the communities encountered and the
relationships between fauna and flora found within these communities The
composition and distribution of biotic communities throughout the project area
are reflective of the topography, hydrologic influences, and the project area's past
and present land uses Descriptions of the terrestrial systems are presented in the
context of plant community classifications and follow those presented by Schafale
and Weakly (1990) where possible. The dominant flora and fauna observed, or
likely to occur, in each community are described and discussed
Scientific nomenclature and the common names (when applicable) are
provided for each described animal and plant species The plant taxonomy
generally follows Radford et al (1968) Animal taxonomy follows Lee et al
(1982), Martof et al (1980), Potter et al (1980), and Webster et al (1985) All
subsequent references to the same organism will include the common name only
Fauna that is observed during the site visit is denoted with an asterisk (*) Scat
evidence or tracks equate to observation of the species Published range
16
distributions and habitat analysis are used in estimating fauna expected to be
present within the project area
a. Terrestrial Communities
Two terrestrial communities are located in the project study area Pine
Hardwood Forest and maintained/disturbed land Land use defines community
boundaries within the study area
Pine Hardwood Forest
The pme hardwood forest is located on both sides of T W Alexander
Drive throughout the project corridor Dominant canopy vegetation observed
includes loblolly pme (Pinus taeda), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica),
American elm (Mmus americana), red maple (Acer rubrum), white oak (Quercus
alba), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulip fera) Shrub/saplings and woody
vine species found include those species found in the upper canopy as well as
eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), American holly (11ex opaca), sourwood
(Oxydendrum arboreum), giant cane (Arundinaria gigantia), and poison ivy
(Toxicodendron radicans)
Maintained Roadside
The mamtamed/disturbed community consists of three distinct habitats;
roadside vegetation, cleared maintained lots, and the landscaped areas along the
roadside All of these communities are maintained via regular mowing and other
landscaping activities. Roadside and cleared lot vegetation consists of grass
(Festuca sp ), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), clover (Trifolium sp ), and
broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) The landscaped areas includes planted
winged elm (Nmus alata) southern magnolia (Magnolia grand folia), redbud
(Cercis canadensis), and American beech, (Fagus grandfolia)
b.) Wildlife
Many faunal species are highly adaptive and may populate or exploit the
entire range of biotic communities discussed Generally, the community
boundaries are abrupt with little transitional area between them The forested
tracts and dramageways provide habitat for species requiring a forest community,
and provide shelter and movement corridors for other wildlife species within the
project vicinity.
Mammals that commonly exploit habitats found within the project area
consist of the white-tailed deer* (Odocoileus virginianus), Virginia opossum
(Didelphis virginiana), gray squurel* (Sciurus carolinensis), striped skunk
(Mephitis mephitis), Northern raccoon* (Procyon lotor), and eastern cottontail
(Sylvilagus floridanus)
Forests and forest edge habitats located in the project area also provide
opportunities for foraging and shelter for avian species such as the Canada goose*
(Branta canadensis), mallard* (Anas platyrhynchos), Carolina chickadee (Parus
17
carolinensis), northern cardinal (Cardinahs cardmahs), blue Jay (Cyanocitta
cristata), common crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), white-throated sparrow
(Zonotrichia albicollis), American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis), dark-eyed junco
(Junco hyemalis), downy woodpecker (PTcoides pubescens), Carolina wren
(Thryothorus ludovicianus), tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor), northern
mockingbird (Manus polygottos), and mourning dove (Zenaida macroura)
i
A variety of reptiles and amphibians may also be expected to utilize the
terrestrial communities within the project area These animals include the
northern water snake* (Nerodia sipedon sipedon), copperhead (Aglastrodon
contortrix), black rat snake (Elaphe constrictor), eastern garter snake
(Thamnophis sirtahs), eastern box turtle (Terrapene carohna), ground skink
(Scmcella laterahs), and eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
c.) Aquatic Community
Tlus community is contained within Northeast Creek Aquatic insects
typically found in this type of community include the water strider (Gerris sp
crane fly (Tipula sp ), stream mayfly (Ephemeroptera)
d.) Summary of Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
Construction related activities in or near the previously described
resources have the potential to impact biological functions This section
quantifies and qualifies impacts to the natural resources in terms of area impacted
and ecosystems effected Temporary and permanent impacts are also considered
Some of the plant communities found along the proposed project area
serve as nesting and sheltering habitat for wildlife Project construction will
reduce habitat for faunal species, thereby diminishing faunal numbers In
addition, habitat fragmentation and reduction will concentrate wildlife into
smaller areas of refuge, thus causing some species to become more susceptible to
stresses, namely, predation, disease, and starvation
Areas modified by construction (non-paved) will become road shoulders
and early successional habitat Increased traffic noise and reduced habitat will
displace some wildlife further from the roadway while attracting other wildlife by
creating more early successional habitat Animals temporarily displaced by
construction activities may repopulate areas suitable for the species This
temporary displacement of animals will result in an increase of competition_ for
the remaining resources
The calculated impacts to biotic resources reflect the relative abundance of
each community present within the study area Project construction will result in
clearing and degradation of portions of these communities Table 6 summarizes
potential losses to these biotic communities resulting from project construction
Estimated impacts are derived using the proposed 150-foot right of way on the
18
proposed alignment Since the entire right of way will probably not be impacted,
actual impacts may be considerably less than indicated
Table 6. Anticipated Biotic Community Impacts
Community Impacts
acres
Pme Hardwood Forest 4
Maintained Roadside 65
Totals 10.5
4. Jurisdictional Topics
This section provides descriptions, inventories, and impact analyses pertment to
two important issues, Waters of the United States and Rare and Protected Species.
a. Waters of the United States
Surface waters and wetlands fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United
States" (Waters of the U S ), as defined in Section 33 of the Code of Federal Register
(CFR) Part 328 3 Any action that proposes to dredge or place fill material mto surface
waters or wetlands falls under the jurisdiction of the U.S Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S C 1344) Surface waters
include all standing or flowing waters which have commercial or recreational value to the
public
1.) Characteristics of Wetlands and Surface Waters
Potential wetland communities were investigated following the 1987 "Corps of
Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual". The three parameter approach is used where
hydnc soils, hydrophyhc vegetation, and hydrology must all be present for an area to be
considered a wetland There are no wetlands in the project area.
The unnamed tributary to Northeast Creek is outside of the proposed right of way
There is one intermittent channel that passes under the road. This stream was venfied by
the USACE on June 9, 2003. Mitigation will not be required for impacts to this stream
There are three ephemeral channels within the proposed right of way
2.) Summary of Anticipated Jurisdictional Impacts
Impacts to Jurisdictional surface waters are calculated based on the linear feet of
junsdictional surface waters that are located within the 150-foot proposed right-of-way
The proposed road will cross one intermittent channel and three ephemeral channels on a
- tangent within the proposed project. Anticipated impacts to the intermittent channel are
estimated to be 150 ft However since the entire right of way will probably not be used
actual impacts may be less
19
3.) Permits
Factors that determine Clean Water Act Section 404 Nationwide Permit (NWP)
applicability include hydrology, juxtaposition with a mayor resource, whether the impacts
occur as part of the widening of an existing facility, or as the result of new location
construction Although an individual site may qualify under NWP authorizations,
overall, cumulative unpacts from a single and complete project may require authorization
under an Individual Permit (IP) Under current USACE regulations, a protect that has
jurisdictional stream unpacts of less than 300 feet at each site and one half of an acre of
wetland impacts will qualify for a NWP 14 Otherwise, an IP will be required A DWQ
Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC) is required prior to
issuance of a Section 404 permit
It is anticipated that a NWP 14 will be sufficient since anticipated impacts to
Waters of the U.S from the proposed project are less then 300 feet
4.) Mitigation
The USCE has adopted, through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) a
wetland mitigation policy which embraces the concept of "no net loss of wetlands" and
sequencing The purpose of this policy is to restore and maintain the chemical, biological
and physical integrity of Waters of the U S , specifically wetlands Mitigation of wetland
impacts has been defined by the CEQ to include avoiding impacts, minimizing unpacts,
rectifying unpacts, reducing impacts over time and compensating for impacts (40 CFR
1508.20) Each of these three aspects (avoidance, minimization, and compensatory
mitigation) must be considered sequentially
a.) Avoidance
Avoidance examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of
averting impacts to Waters of the U S According to a 1990 Memorandum of
Agreement between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the
USACE, in determining "appropriate and practicable" measures to offset
unavoidable impacts, such measures should be appropriate to the scope and
degree of those impacts and practicable in terms of cost, existing technology, and
logistics in light of overall project purposes Under the current design, the
proposed alignment parallels South Buffalo Creek, but does not encroach upon it,
successfully avoiding direct impacts to the stream
b.) Minimization
Minimization includes the examination of appropriate and practicable
steps to reduce the adverse impacts to Waters of the U.S Implementation of these
steps will be required through project modifications and permit conditions
Minimization typically focuses on decreasing the proposed project footprint
through the reduction of median widths, right of way widths, fill slopes, and/or
road shoulder widths Other practical minimization mechanisms include strict
enforcement of sedimentation control BMP's for the protection of surface waters
during the entire life of the project, reduction of clearing and grubbing activity,
reduction/elimination of direct discharge into streams, reduction of runoff
20
velocity, re-establishment of vegetation on exposed areas, judicious pesticide and
herbicide usage, numnuzation of "in-stream" activity, and litter/debris control
c.) Compensatory Mitigation
Compensatory mitigation is not normally considered until anticipated
impacts to Waters of the U.S have been avoided and mimmized to the maximum
extend possible It is recognized that "no net loss of wetlands" functions and
values may not be achieved in every pernut action Appropriate and practicable
compensatory mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse impacts that remain
after all appropriate and practicable minimization has been required.
Compensatory actions often include restoration, creation, and enhancement of
Waters of the U.S Such actions should be undertaken in areas adjacent to or
contiguous to the discharge site. No mitigation will be required for impacts to the
intermittent channel
b. Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of fauna and flora have been in, or are in, the process of
decline due to either natural forces or their inability to coexist with human
activities Federal law (under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended) requires that any action, likely to adversely affect a species
classified as federally protected, be subject to review by the USFWS Other
species may receive additional protection under separate state laws
1) Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered, Threatened,
Proposed Endangered, and Proposed Threatened are protected under provisions of
Sections 7 and 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended As of
January 29, 2003, the FWS lists the following federally-protected species for
Durham County (Table 7). A brief description of each species' characteristics and
habitat follows
Table 7. Federally-Protected Species for Durham Coun
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Hahaeetus leucocephalus bald eagle Threatened (Proposed for
Delssting)
Echinacea laevigata smooth coneflower Endangered2
Rhus michauxu Michaux's sumac Endaneered
Threatened species are species that are likely to become endangered within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range
2 Endangered is defined as a species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or
a significant portion of its range
Bald Eagle (Hahaeetus leucocephalus)Threatened, proposed for delisting
Distribution in N C. Anson, Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Chatham,
Chowan, Craven, Dare, Durham, Granville, Guilford, Hyde, Montgomery,
New Hanover, Northhampton, Penquunans, Richmond, Stanley, Vance,
Wake, Washington
21
Eagle nests are found in close proxmuty to water (within a half mile) with a
clear flight path to the water, in the largest living tree in an area, and having
an open view of the surrounding land Human disturbance can cause an
eagle to abandon otherwise suitable habitat
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION NO EFFECT
No suitable habitat for the bald eagle in the form of open water is
within or near the project area The trees occupying the canopy of the
alluvial forest are fairly uniform in height and very dense Additionally, the
NC Natural Heritage Program data base of rare species and unique habitats
has no record for the presence of the bald eagle wrthm the project vicinity
Therefore, project construction will not affect the bald eagle
Smooth coneflower (Echinacea laevigata) Endangered
Distribution in N C Durham and Granville Counties
Flowers Present June - early July
Smooth coneflower is a perennial herb that grows from supple or
branched rhizomes This herb has a smooth stem and few leaves The basal
leaves are the largest, and these leaves are smooth to slightly rough, tapered
to the base and elliptical to broadly lanceolate Nfid-stem leaves have short
or no petioles and are smaller than the basal leaves Flowers are light pink to
purplish in color and solitary The petal-like rays usually droop Fruits are
gray-brown, oblong-pnsmatic and four-angled
Habitat for the smooth coneflower is found in areas of meadows,
open woodlands, glades, cedar barrens, roadsides, power line rights-of-way,
clearcuts, and dry limestone bluffs Plants usually grow in soil derived from
calcareous parent material North Carolina populations are found in soils
derived from Diabase, a circumneutral igneous rock Optimal sites are in
areas with abundant sunlight and little competition from other herbaceous
plants
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION NO EFFECT
The maintained grassed road sides offers potential habitat for smooth
coneflower within the project area A survey for smooth coneflower was
conducted on June 9, 2003 and no specimens of coneflower were observed
The NC Natural Heritage Program data base of rare species and unique
habitats contains no record for the presence of smooth coneflower within the
project vicinity
22
Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauzii) Endangered
Family Anacardiaceae
Federally Listed 9/28/89
Distnbution in N C : Richmond, Hoke, Moore, Scotland, Franklin, Davie,
Robeson, and Wake Counties.
Flowers Present June
Michaux's sumac is a densely pubescent rhizomatous shrub. The
bases of the leaves are rounded and their edges are simply or doubly serrate
The flowers of Michaux's sumac are greenish to white in color Fruits,
which develop from August to September on female plants, are a red
densely short-pubescent drupe
This plant occurs in rocky or sandy open woods Michaux's sumac is
dependent on some sort of disturbance to maintain the openness of its
habitat It usually grows in association with basic soils and occurs on sand
or sandy loams Michaux's sumac grows only in open habitat where it can
get full sunlight Michaux's sumac does not compete well with other
species, such as Japanese honeysuckle, with which it is often associated
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION NO EFFECT
Potential habitat for Michaux's sumac is present within the roadsides
of the project area A survey for Michaux's sumac was conducted on June
9, 2003 Specimens of winged sumac (Rhus copallina) were observed
throughout the corridor, however no specimens of Michaux's Sumac were
observed The NC Natural Heritage Program database of rare species and
unique habitats contains no record for the presence of Michaux's sumac
within the project vicinity
2) Federal Species of Concern
There are eleven Federal Species of Concern (FSC) listed by the USFWS
for Durham County Federal species of concern are not afforded federal
protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, and are not
subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they are formally
proposed or listed as Threatened or Endangered However, the status of these
species is subject to change, and so should be included for consideration An FSC
is defined as a species that is under consideration for listing for which there is
msufficient information to support listing In addition, organisms which are listed
as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or Special Concern (SC) by the NCNHP list
of Rare Plant and Animal Species are afforded state protection under the NC State
Endangered Species Act and the NC Plant Protection and Conservation Act of
1979, as amended
Table 8 lists Federal Candidate and State listed species, the species state
status (if afforded state protection) and the existence of suitable habitat for each
23
species in the study area This species list is provided for information purposes as
the status of these species may be upgraded in the future
Table 8. Federal Species of Concern for Durham
Scientific Name Common Name State Status Habitat
Etheostoma collis lepidmion Carolina darter SC Yes
Lythrurus matutinus Pmewoods shiner SR Yes
Norturus furiosis population Atlantic pigtoe (mussel)* T Yes
1 "Meuse" madtom SC Yes
Fusconaia masons
Lampsilis cariosa Yellow lampmussel T Yes
Lasmigona subv:ridus Green floater E Yes
Somotogyrus virgm:cus Panhandle pebblesnail SR No
Gomphus septima Septum's clubtail dragonfly SR Yes
Delphinium exaltatum Tall larkspur E-SC No
Juglans cmerea Butternut W-5' No
Montropsis odorata Sweet pmesap C No
Pl ochda columbiana A liverwort C No
No specimen
' Watch List
in Durham County in twenty years
Surveys for these species were not conducted during the site visit, nor were any of
these species observed A review of the N.C Natural Heritage Program database of rare
species and unique habitats revealed no records of North Carolina rare and/or protected
species in or near the project study area
Conclusions
Within the study area for this project, there are no wetlands and one jurisdictional
stream Impacts to the UT may occur if the proposed right of way is changed If design
changes to the proposed project, such that the UT will incur impacts, this project may be
subject to an Indirect and Cumulative Impacts Study. There are three species that are
listed as federally protected for Durham County. A Biological Conclusion of "No Effect"
has been issued for the Bald Eagle, the smooth coneflower and Michaux's sumac
5. Hazardous Materials
A GeoEnvironmental Impact Evaluation was conducted to identify properties
within the project study area that may contain hazardous materials and result in future
environmental liability if acquired These hazards may include, but are not limited to
UST's, hazardous waste sites, regulated landfills, and unregulated dumpsites
A field reconnaissance survey was conducted in the vicinity of the project In
addition to the field survey, a file search of appropriate environmental agencies was
conducted to identify any know problem sites along the proposed protect alignment. The
identified sites are discussed below
24
• Underground Storage Tank (UST) Facilities
The Geotechmcal Unit performed a field reconnaissance survey and found no
anticipated UST sites within the project area
• Landfills and Other Potentially Contaminated Properties
The Geographical Information Service (GIS) was consulted for the project corridor
The research shows that no apparent regulated or unregulated landfills or dumpsites
occur within the project limits
• RCRA/CERCLA
Based on the GIS search and the field reconnaissance, no potential RCRA or
CERCLA sites were identified within the protect limits
6. Noise
Only one commercial property is expected to be impacted by highway noise The
transmission loss characteristics of nearby natural elements and man-made structures are
believed to moderate the effects of any intrusive traffic noise Therefore, no noise
abatement measures are proposed for this project This evaluation completes the
assessment requirements for highway traffic noise of Title 23 of the Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 772 and the NEPA process, and no additional reports are necessary
7. Air Quality
The project is located in Durham County, which is within the Raleigh-Durham non-
attainment area for ozone (O,) and carbon monoxide (CO) as defined by the EPA The
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) designated these areas as "moderate" non-
attainment areas for O, and CO. However, due to improved monitoring data, these areas
were redesignated as "maintenance" for O, on June 17, 1994 and for CO on September
18, 1995 Section 176(c) of the CAAA requires that transportation plans, programs, and
protects conform to the intent of the state air quality implementation plan (SIP) The
current SIP does not contain any transportation control measures for Durham County
The Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro 2025 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) and
the 2004-2010 Metropolitan Transportation Improvement Program (MTIP) have been
determined to conform to the intent of the SIP. The USDOT air quality conformity
approval of the LRTP was June 30, 2003 and the USDOT air conformity approval of the
MTIP was October 1, 2003 The current conformity determination is consistent with the
final conformity rule found in 40 CFR Parts 51 and 93 There have been no significant
changes in the project's design concept or scope, as used in the conformity analyses
An air quality intersection analysis was conducted in October 2003
for this project utilizing the MOBILE5B mobile source emissions computer model and
"CAL3QHC - A Modeling Methodology For Predicting Pollutant Concentrations Near
Roadway Intersections" It was acceptable to use Mobmle5B for this analysis since it was
conducted prior to January 29, 2004 Microscale Analysis performed on or after January
29, 2004 must use Mobile6
25
In order to determine the ambient CO concentration at a receptor near a highway,
two concentration components must be used local and background The local
concentration is defined as the CO emissions from cars operating on highways in the near
vicinity (1 e , distances within 100 meters) of the receptor location The background
concentration is defined as "the concentration of a pollutant at a point that is the result of
emissions outside the local vicinity, that is, the concentration at the upwind edge of the
local sources " In this study, the local concentration was determined by the NCDOT
Traffic Noise/Air Quality Staff using line source computer modeling, and the background
component of 1.8 ppm was obtained from the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), Division of Air Quality Once the two
concentration components were ascertained, they were added together to determine the
ambient CO concentration for the area in question and to compare to the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) The T W Alexander (SR 2028) and
Cornwallis Road (SR 1121) intersection was selected to analyze air quality impacts of the
proposed project The "worst-case" predicted 1-hour CO concentrations for the
evaluation build years of 2005, 2010, and 2025 are 7 00, 7 40, and 7 90 ppm,
respectively Comparison to the NAAQS indicates no violations of these standards
Hence, the project's impact on au quality will not be significant.
If vegetation is disposed of by burning, all burning shall be done in accordance
with applicable local laws and regulations of the North Carolina SIP for air quality in
compliance with 15 NCAC 2D 0520 Tlus evaluation completes the assessment
requirements for air quality of the 1990 Clean Au Act Amendments and the NEPA
process, and no additional reports are necessary
V. COMMENTS AND COORDINATION
A. Interagency Coordination
For this planning study, comments were requested from the following federal, state,
and local agencies Written comments received from agencies noted with an asterisk (*).
Copies of the comments received are included in the Appendix
U S Army Corps of Engineers
U S Fish and Wildlife Service
U S Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
U S Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
U S Department of Agriculture
U S Environmental Protection Agency
U S Department of Health and Human Services
N.C Department of Environment and Natural Resources
N C State Clearinghouse, Department of Administration
*N C Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History
N C Department of Human Resources
N C Wildlife Resources Commission
26
N C Department of Public Instruction
*Research Triangle Foundation
B. NEPA/404 Merger Process
There are no wetlands in the project area and one jurisdictional stream It is
anticipated that a Nationwide Permit 14 will be sufficient since anticipated impacts to
Waters of the U S from the proposed project are less than 300 feet A meeting was held
on February 12, 2004 with DWQ, ACOE and FHWA representatives, who all concurred
that based on the minimal impacts, this project should not be placed in the NEPA/404
Merger Process
C. Local Business Coordination
Since there are no residences along this section of T W. Alexander Drive (SR 2028), a
citizens informational workshop was not held for this project Instead, meetings were
held with the Research Triangle Foundation and business partners at the park A meeting
was held on January 16, 2003 to preview the proposed improvements and receive
comments and concerns from the businesses located along the corridor There was strong
support for the overall improvements, however, there were concerns about the location of
median openings Each business along the project corridor wanted existing entrances to
be fully accessible
Another meeting was held on May 20, 2004 to present the preliminary plans to
the RTP businesses It was explained that the existing drives are not in conformance with
the NCDOT's Median Crossover Guidelines Exceptions plan to be made for
accommodating median openings while maintaining the safety of the facility It was
noted that some businesses had more than one entrance and that was taken into
consideration when deciding which entrances to restrict It was also pointed out that
there are alternate access points and traffic circulation in the surrounding roadway
network T W Alexander Drive (SR 2028) connects to the Durham Freeway to the east
and Cornwallis Road to the west Cornwallis Road also has an interchange on the
Durham Freeway This allows for access to the Durham Freeway whether or not full-
movement openings are provided
There was also concern about the 55-mph speed limit designated for this area
The Research Triangle Foundation and local businesses thought a 45-mph speed limit
would be more appropriate Right turn tapers at each business entrance have been
incorporated into the desigrr to remove slower turning traffic from the main through
lanes Written comments received from Eli Lilly and Company and Triangle Universities
Center for Advanced Studies Incorporated are included in the Appendix
D. Public Hearing
In lieu of a public hearing, the Research Triangle Foundation requested that the
Department of Transportation hold another meeting with the local businesses following
circulation of this document Since design changes were made after the May 20, 2004
27
meeting, another meeting was held on December 8, 2004 The design changes included
adding several exclusive right and left turn lanes Improvements were also made to both
legs of SR 1121 (Cornwallis Road) and both NC 147 off ramps See Figures 5 and 8 for
recommended improvements to Cornwallis Road and NC 147.
Improvements to Cornwallis Road changed the access to Troxler Electronic
Laboratories, Inc Based on the comments and concerns expressed during the meeting,
the median on Cornwallis Road has been shortened to allow left turns into the Troxler
property.
The businesses continued to be very concerned over the proposed 55-mph speed
limmt in the project area and asked the Department to consider reducing it to 45 mph The
Regional Traffic Engineer has stated that the speed limit along this project will be posted
at 55-mph This speed limit is not only to allow continuity, but it is considered the
appropriate speed linut based on the design speed of the roadway
28
RESEARCH
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SR 2028 (T.W. ALEXANDER DR.). SR 1121
(CORNWALLIS RD) TO NC 147
(DURHAM FREEWAY)
FIGURE-1 VICINITY MAP
BORROUGHS
WELCOME
CORP z1v
United States Department of the In
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
December 3, 2002
Dr Gregory J Thorpe
Environmental Management Director
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Dr Thorpe

DEC 0 [JV9 1
?f c Ql 2 r:4e or '
HtGHMIM S ?y
DEVEL
L A(-
This letter is in response to your request for comments from the U S Fish and Wildlife Service
(Service) on the potential environmental impacts of the proposed widening of SR 2028 to a four-
lane divided facility from Cornwallis Road to east of NC 147 in Durham County, North Carolina
(TIP No U-3309A) These comments provide scoping information in accordance with
provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U S C 661-667d) and section 7 of the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U S C 1531-1543)
Recent aerial photography of the land along SR 2028 in the project area shows a highly-
dissected, semi-forested environment with much commercial development The areas
immediately adjacent to the existing roadsides consist of forest fragments An unnamed tributary
to Northeast Creek runs roughly parallel to a portion of SR 2028 on the north side It is unclear
as to whether this tributary would be impacted by the project, although it appears no crossings
will be required The National Wetlands Inventory map -for the Southeast Durham U S
Geological Survey Quadrangle indicates palustrine shrub/scrub and forested wetlands along this
tributarv immediately adjacent to the north side of the existing road However, while NWI maps
are useful for providing an overview of a given area, they should not be relied upon in lieu of a
detailed determination and delineation by trained personnel
The Service recommends the following general conservation measures to avoid or minimize
environmental impacts to fish and wildlife resources
The road widening should be designed in such a way as to avoid and minimize impacts to
the unnamed tributary of Northeast Creek and its associated wetlands Highway shoulder
and median widths should be reduced through wetland areas,
2 if unavoidable wetland or stream impacts are proposed, every effort should be made to
identify compensatory mitigation sites in advance Project planning should include a
detailed compensatory mitigation plan for offsetting unavoidable wetland and stream
impacts Opportunities to protect mitigation areas in perpetuity via conservation
r
easements, land trusts or by other means should be explored at the outset,
3 Wherever appropriate, construction in sensitive areas should occur outside fish spawning
and migratory bird nesting seasons In waterways that may serve as travel corridors for
fish, in-water work should be avoided during moratorium periods associated with
migration, spawning and sensitive pre-adult life stages,
4 Best Management Practices (BMP) for Protection of Surface Waters should be
implemented,
5 Impacts to upland forest should be avoided and minimized to the maximum extent
possible, and,
6 Activities within designated riparian buffers should be avoided or minimized
-There are three federally protected species in Durham County the bald eagle (Hahaeetus
leucocephalus), Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauxii) and smooth coneflower (Echinacea
laevigata) Although the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database does not
indicate any known occurrences of these species near the project vicinity, use of the NCNHP
data should not be substituted for actual field surveys if suitable habitat occurs near the project
site Information about the habitats in which these species is often found is provided on our web
site, http•//cndangcred.fws.r ov. All survey documentation must include survey methodologies
and results
We reserve the right to review any federal permits that may be required for this project, at the
public notice stage Therefore, it is important that resource agency coordination occur early in
the planning process in order to resolve any conflicts that may anse and minimize delays in
project implementation In addition to the above guidance, we recommend that the
environmental documentation for this project include the following in sufficient detail to
facilitate a thorough review of the action
A clearly defined and detailed purpose and need for the proposed project, supported by
tabular data, if available, and including a discussion of the project's independent utility,
2 A description of the proposed action with an analysis of all alternatives being considered,
including the upgrading of existing roads and a "no action" alternative,
3 A description of the fish and wildlife resources, and their habitats, within the project
impact area that may be directly or indirectly affected,
4 The extent and acreage of waters of the U S , including wetlands, that are to be impacted
by filling, dredging, clearing, ditching, or draining Acres of wetland impact should
be differentiated by habitat type based on the wetland classification scheme of the
National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Wetland boundaries should be determined by using
the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual and verified by the U S
Army Corps of Engineers,
The anticipated environmental impacts, both temporary and permanent, that would be
likely to occur as a direct result of the proposed project The assessment should also
include the extent to which the proposed project would result in secondary impacts to
natural resources, and how this and similar projects contribute to cumulative adverse
effects,
6 Design features and construction techniques which would be employed to avoid or
minimize the fragmentation or direct loss of wildlife habitat,
7 Design features, construction techniques, or any other mitigation measures which would
be employed at wetland crossings and stream channel relocations to avoid or
minimize impacts to waters of the United States, and,
8 If unavoidable wetland or stream impacts are proposed, project planning should include a
detailed compensatory mitigation plan for offsetting the unavoidable impacts
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project Please continue to advise us
dunng the progression of the planning process, including your official determination of the
impa-+^ of this project If you have any questions regarding our response, please contact Mr
Gary Jordan at [phone] (Ext 32)
Sincerely,
lOlvl 4 Ll?
Garland B Pardue, PhD
Ecological Services Supervisor
cc Eric Alsmeyer, USACE, Raleigh, NC
John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh, NC
David Cox, NCWRC, Northside, NC
Clins Militscher, USEPA, Raleigh, NC

e'` ?E o
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L S Brook, Administrator
Michael F Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey J Crow, Deputy Secretary
December 17, 2002
MEMORANDUM
TO Greg Thorpe, Manager
- Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
NCDOT Division of Highways
FROM David Brook
Division of Historical Resources
David J Olson, Director
s!ta'rr
• r ? t?>
• J
SUBJECT Improvements SR 2028 (T W Alexander Drive) from Cornwallis Road to
East of NC 147 in Research Triangle Park, U-3309A, Durham County
ER99-7688, ER02-10285
Thank you for your memorandum of November 19, 2002, concerning the above project
We have conducted a review of the proposed undertaking and are aware of no historic resources
which would be affected by the project Therefore, we have no comment on the undertaking as
proposed
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106
codified at 36 CFR Part 800
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration If you have questions concerting the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763 In all
future communication concerning this project, please ate the above-referenced tracking number
DB doc
cc Mary Pope Fun
Location Mailing Address Telepbone/Fax
Administration 507 N Blount St, Raleigh, NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4617 [phone].733-8653
Restoration 515 N Blount St, Raleigh, NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4613 [phone].715-4801
- - - •^ ZIOYIA- O i c--• ? / ?...e- o-ie,oh 77AQQ-46IR 19191733-4763 .71511801
Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina
/off
2 Hanes Drive
Post Office Box 12255
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
June 28, 2004
Ms Mane L Sutton
Project Development Engineer
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
RE U-3309A - T W Alexander
Dear Ms Sutton
James O Roberson, Pmsdent
On behalf of the Research Triangle Foundation, which is the developer of the Research
Triangle Park, I would like to express some concerns about the preliminary design of U-
3309A - T. W Alexander Drive widening between NC 147 and Cornwallis Road
My first conc- is with respect to the proposed speed limit for T W Alexander Drive
once the construction is completed While I recognize that T W Alexander Drive is a
major thoroughfare, it is a thoroughfare which primarily serve's to provide access to RTP
companies As such, I believe a safer speed limit would be 45 mph and would urge
NCDOT to establish the final speed limit as 45 mph
My second concern is with the proposed design of the driveways along the widened
section of T W Alexander Drive Currently the driveways along T W Alexander Drive
have curb and gutter along the turning radius This was done as part of a comprehensive
project in the late 1980s Most of the companies in RTP participated to have the curb and
gutter installed at their drives in order to improve the appearance of RTP because,
without the curb and gutter, trucks were cutting the corners and creating ruts at the
entrance drives The driveway project was part of a larger NCDOT project for
mterbection improvements in RTP and has solved the problem I have heard no
complaints from existing companies along T W Alexander Drive about the adequacy of
their drives for accommodating trucks and would urge that NCDOT replace the drives
with the same design as currently exists to maintain the consistency and appearance of
RTP
Also, I would ask that NCDOT reconsider the design of the median cut that would serve
the driveway shared by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the National Institute of
Statistical Sciences Under the prelirrunary design, this median cut would provide a left
turn into the site but would not allow a left turn out of the site, nor would it allow a left
turn into the drive on the north side of T W Alexander which is the primary entrance to
DuPont There are currently only 4 driveways along the entire section of T W Alexander
DEVELOPERS OF THE RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
s
Ms Mane L Sutton
Page 2
June 28, 2004
Drive from NC 147 to Cornwallis Road and no prospect of any future driveways being
added I understand that the Eli Lilly Driveway is too close to the Cornwallis intersection
to allow a full median cut safely However, the driveway, which serves the Burroughs
Wellcome Fund and DuPont, is over 1400 feet from the Cornwallis intersection and
approximately 970 feet from the driveway shared by DuPont and the Center of Public
television Providing a full median cut at this location would lessen the hardship on Eli
Lilly since their employees and customers would not have to go as far to reach a median
cut in order to make a u-turn to eet to their main drive Given the overall limited number
of driveways along this section of T W Alexander Drive, I would respectfully request
that NCDOT waive its standard separation requirements and allow a full median cut at
this location
Finally, I would like to thank NCDOT for including the turn lanes at the Comwallis/T W
Alexander Drive intersection in this project These turn lanes had been identified as
needed by our traffic consultant and I appreciate NCDOT accommodating them in this
project
Please feel free to contact Liz Rooks or me if you have any questions about our
comments
Sincerely,
Ja es 0 Roberson

www filly com
Eli Lilly and Company
Sphinx Laboratories
P 0 Box 13951
20 T W Alexander
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina
USA
Phone [phone]
January 20, 2003
Mr Robert P Hanson, PE, Assistant Manager
ATTN Ms Mane Sutton, Project, Development Engineer
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mad Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Re TIP Project U-3309A
Mr Hanson and Ms Sutton,
This letter is to inform you about the concems of Eli Lilly and Company, Sphinx Laboratones, regarding
the proposed widening of SR 2028 (T W Alexander Dnve) from SR 1121(Comwallis Road) to NC147,
Federal Project No STP-2028 (1). State Project No 82352701, TIP Project U-3309A Dunng the
meeting held at the Research Tnangle Foundation offices on Thursday, January 16, 2003, the
representatives of the businesses located on Alexander Dnve were informed about the NCDOT
regulation of 1000 feet minimum spacing of the traffic breaks in the center median
Eli Lilly and Company, Sphinx Laboratones, has its main entrance on T W Alexander Dnve, and this
entrance is used by all of our site visitors and most of our employees Greater than 90% of our
employees reside in Wake, Southem Durham, and Orange counties, and most use the 1-40 comdor as
their main thoroughfare into Research Tnangle Park, and ultimately onto Alexander Dnve Having a
median break at the entrance to our facility on Alexander Dnve is necessary for efficient traffic flow into
our facility
We are asking that you senously consider installing a median break at the entrance to our facility on T
W Alexander Dnve as you are planning the project For any concems or questions, please do not
hesitate to contact me at the email or phone number listed below
Sincerely,

Kiyomi Carter, PMP
Team Leader, Project Management, Business Operations
Email cprtpr <iyn-nir,Jnm%- r,),-n
Phone [phone]
Answers That Mat
t
'triangle universities
Center
For
Advanced
Studies
Incorporated June 25, 2004
Research Triangle Park
Box 12074
North Carolina 27709
Ms Mane L Sutton
Project Development Engineer
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
NCDOT
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleieh. NC 2769Q-1548
RE U-3309A - T W Alexander Drive Widening
Dear Ms Sutton
We are writing on behalf of the Triangle Universities Center for Advanced Studies, Inc
(TUCASI) to express concern about several aspects of the plans for the widening of T W
Alexander Drive between NC 147 and Cornwallis Road TUCASI owns a 120 acre
campus on the southeast side of T W Alexander Drive This campus houses a number of
organizations including the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the National Institute of
Statistical Sciences (NISS), the North Carolina Biotechnology Center, the National
Humanities Center and MCNC TUCASI's concern-about the widening project are as
follows
Proposed speed limit It is our understanding that the road widening is being
designed for a speed limit of 55 mph T W Alexander Drive functions
primarily as a road which provides access to research and development sites in
RTP We do not believe that the speed limit should be 55 mph for an access
road and that encouraging high speeds will reduce the safety of the roadway
We would urge that the speed limit be no higher than. 45 mph
2 Widened curb radii at Burroughs Wellcome/NISS driveway The current
plans indicate that the curb radii at the driveway shared by the Burroughs
Wellcome Fund and NISS will be substantially widened and that because of
the widened radii, the large TLJCASI sign may need to be relocated The
current plans remove the existing curb and gutter and replaces it with a
shoulder In 1988 the Research Triangle Foundation and most of the RTP
companies joined in a NCDOT road project to add curb and gutter to the
driveways in RTP We do not want to see a deviation from the standard set by
that construction project The current configuration of this driveway functions
well and we do not see the need to widen the curb radii and certainly no
reason to use a shoulder section rather than curb and gutter The TUCASI
The Center is a joint activity of North Carolina State University at Rale+gh Duke University in Durham and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
3
Y
Ms. Marie L Sutton
Page 2
June 25, 2004
sign cost approximately $80,000 and we would strongly urge that moving it
be avoided if possible
3 Access limitation at Burroughs Wellcome/NISS driveway. The current
plans for the widening indicate that the access to NISS and Burroughs
Wellcome will be designed to allow left turns into the site but not to allow left
turns out Nor will left turns be allowed into or out of the DuPont property
across the street Since the separation between the Burroughs
Wellcome/NJSS drive and the Center for Public Television/Dupont service
drive is approximately 970 feet, we would respectfully request that NCDO 1
waive its standard requirement for driveway separation and allow a full
median cut at the Burroughs Wellcome/NISS driveway We believe that a full
median cut would be safer than requiring people to go to the Center for Public
Television/DuPont Drive and make a U-turn
We would be happy to discuss these concerns with you or other representatives of
NCDOT if appropriate
Sincerely,
Sherwood H Smith Jr
Chairman of the Board
44
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