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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20051666 All Versions_More Info Received_20060217 Scartomyzon ariommus - Robins and Raney, 1956 Bigeye Jumprock Other Related Names: Moxostoma ariommum Unique Identifier: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102350 Element Code: AFCJC14020 Informal Taxonomy: Animals, Vertebrates - Fishes - Bony Fishes - Suckers - - Noel 6urkhead & Virginia Dept of Game and Inland Fisheries (Fishes of Virginia) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Animalia Craniata Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Catostomidae Scartomyzon Genus Size: C - Small genus (6-20 species) Concept Reference: Robins, C. R., et al. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publishing 20. 183 pp. Concept Reference Code: B91 ROB01 NAUS Name Used in Concept Reference: Scartomyzon ariommus Taxonomic Comments: Morphologically and genetically very distinct from other species that generally have been placed in the genus MOXOSTOMA (see Lee et al. 1980). Smith (1992) removed this species from the genus MOXOSTOMA and assigned it to the genus SCARTOMYZON, but he noted the problematical generic allocation of this species. Harris and Mayden (2001) used molecular data to examine phylogenetic relationships of major clades of Catostomidae. In all trees, SCARTOMYZON was paraphyletic and embedded in MOXOSTOMA, and CATOSTOMUS was never recovered as monophyletic (XYRAUCHEN was embedded within CATOSTOMUS). They concluded that the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic composition of taxa presently included in MOXOSTOMA and SCARTOMYZON are in need of further study, as are the relationships and composition of the genera CATOSTOMUS, CHASMISTES, DELTISTES, and XYRAUCHEN, and the phylogenetic affinites of ERIMYZON and MINYTREMA. ---Jump to Section--- - _ - Conservation Status NatureServe Status Global Status: G4 Global Status Last Reviewed: 09Feb2000 Global Status Last Changed: 09Feb2000 Rounded Global Status: G4 Reasons: Small range in the upper Roanoke River drainage, North Carolina and Virginia; uncommon, but currently stable. Nation: United States National Status: N4 U.S. & Canada State/Province Status United States North Carolina (S2), Virginia (S3) Other Statuses IUCN Red List Category: DD - Data deficient American Fisheries Society Status: Special Concern (01Jan1989) f'``t } NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Global Short Term Trend: E Global Short Term Trend Comments: Currently stable (Warren et al. 2000). Threats: Potential threats include creation of recreation impoundments (fish needs flowing water), siltation/runoff from nonpoint agricultural/domestic sources, and habitat fragmentation from multiple sources (P. Angermeier, F. Rohde, pers. comm., 1995). ---Jump to Section--- Distribution U.S. States and Canadian Provinces State/Province Conservation Q}ffl b Status tiJ- SY Presumed Extirpated r I Possibly 0 SH: __J Extirpated a Critically Ylr ~ ~ Imperiled Qa L13 S2: Imperiled S3: Vulnerable BC A~ SK MB ON t PE ? S4: Apparently Secure S5: Secure V 0 Not MT MI!IIIIII ND MN NY MIS` Ranked/Under on ID SD 1M M ? Review (SNRJSU) riY PA ? 0 44 QN Nil L N VA MD0? Conservation CA Lff rep KY M lC 0 Status AZ 14M CK AR aw Not Applicable (SNA) FO ME Exotic d °w TX !A Hybrid without Conservation Value Endemism: endemic to a single nation I U.S. & Canada State/Province Distribution United States NC, VA Range Map No map available. Global Range Comments: Upper Roanoke River drainage, Virginia and North Carolina. Known in Roanoke proper and Dan systems from Ridge and Valley Province into upper half of Piedmont Province, where range is apparently discontinuous. Uncommon. U.S. Distribution by County (based on available natural heritage records) State County Name (FIPS Code) NC Forsyth (37067), Rockingham (37157), Stokes (37169) U.S. Distribution by Watershed (based on available natural heritage records) Watershed Name Watershed Region (Watershed Code) 03 Upper Dan (03010103) U.S. Distribution by Watershed (based on multiple information sources) r r 1 !r C V L.1. ~r 4 t _ t 4 State Boundary Seartomyzon ariommus Map created June 2003 Major Rivers USG S 8-digit HUC Bigeye Jumprock Q Current Distribution S Historic Distribution 200 0 200 Kilometers Nature5erve on-EMMEMM Q Out of Scope ---Jump to Section--- Economic Attributes ---Jump to Section— Management Summary ---Jump to Section— Ecology & Life History Short General Description: A fish Oumprock, sucker) that reaches a maximum length of about 22 cm. Reproduction Comments: Spawns apparently in March. Habitat Type: Freshwater Non-Migrant: N Locally Migrant: N Long Distance Migrant: N Riverine Habitat(s): MEDIUM RIVER, Moderate gradient, Pool Special Habitat Factors: Benthic Habitat Comments: Warm, generally clear to moderately turbid, moderate gradient, small to medium rivers. Larger juveniles and adults typically congregate in deep runs and heads of pools, usually among large rubble, boulders, and outcrop. Adult Food Habits: Invertivore Immature Food Habits: Invertivore Food Comments: Eats chironomid larvae, other immature insects, and water mites, based on sample of 8 individuals. Length: 19 centimeters ---Jump to Section--- . i Population/Occurrence Delineation Group Name: SMALL SUCKERS Use Class: Not applicable Minimum Criteria for an Occurrence: Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs and larvae) in appropriate habitat. Mapping Guidance: It is important to evaluate migrations and seasonal changes in habitat to ensure that spawning areas and nonspawning areas for a single population are not artificially segregated as different occurrences simply because there have been no collections/observations in an intervening area that may exceed the separation distance. Separation Barriers: Dam lacking a suitable fishway; high waterfall; upland habitat. Separation Distance for Unsuitable Habitat: 10 km Separation Distance for Suitable Habitat: 10 km Separation Justification: Data on dispersal and other movements generally are not available. In some species, individuals may migrate variable distances between spawning areas and nonspawning habitats. Separation distances (in aquatic kilometers) for catostomids are arbitrary but reflect the presumption that movements and appropriate separation distances generally should increase with fish size. Hence small, medium, and large catostomids, respectively, have increasingly large separation distances. Separation distance reflects the likely low probability that two occupied locations separated by less than several kilometers of aquatic habitat would represent truly independent populations over the long term. Because of the difficulty in defining suitable versus unsuitable habitat, especially with respect to dispersal, and to simplify the delineation of occurrences, a single separation distance is used regardless of habitat quality. Occupied locations that are separated by a gap of 10 km or more of any aquatic habitat that is not known to be occupied represent different occurrences. However, it is important to evaluate seasonal changes in habitat to ensure that an occupied habitat occurrence for a particular population does not artificially separate spawning areas and nonspawning areas as different occurrences simply because there have been no collections/observations in an intervening area that may exceed the separation distance. Date: 21 Sep2004 Author: Hammerson, G. Notes: This Specs Group includes catostomids that typically are less than 20 cm in adult standard length. ---Jump to Section--- Population/Occurrence Viability - i ---Jump to Section--- -J Authors/Contributors Element Ecology & Life History Edition Date: 170ct1995 Element Ecology & Life History Author(s): Hammerson, G. Zoological data developed by NatureServe and its network of natural heritage programs (see Local Programs) and other contributors and cooperators (see Sources . -Jump to Section--- - References • Harris, P. M., and R. L. Mayden. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of major clades of Catostomidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) as inferred from mitchondrial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20:225-237. Jenkins R. E. 1970. Systematic studies of the catostomid fish tribe MOXOSTOMATINI. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. PhD Thesis. 779 pp. • Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxiii + 1079 pp. • Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History. 867 pp. • Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp. • Robins, C. R., et al. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publishing 20. 183 pp. Rohde, F. C., et al. 1994. Freshwater Fishes of the Carolinas Virginia Maryland and Delaware. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 222 pp. • Smith, G. R. 1992. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Catostomidae, freshwater fishes of North America and Asia. Pages 778-826 in Mayden, R. L., editor. Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. xxvi + 969 pp. • Warren, M. L., Jr., B. M. Burr, S. J. Walsh, H. L. Bart, Jr., R. C. Cashner, D. A. Etnier, B. J. Freeman, B. R. Kuhajda, R. L. Mayden, H. W. Robison, S. T. Ross, and W. C. Starnes. 2000. Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of the native freshwater fishes of the southern United States. Fisheries 25(10):7-31. The Small Print: Trademark, Copyright, Citation Guidelines, Restrictions on Use, and Information Disclaimer. Note: Data presented in NatureServe Explorer at http:/twww.natureserve.org/explorer were updated to be current with NatureServe's central databases as of June 2005. Note: This report was printed on September 21, 2005 . Trademark Notice: "NatureServe", NatureServe, NatureServe Explorer, The NatureServe logo, and all other names of NatureServe programs referenced herein are trademarks of NatureServe. Any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright Notice: Copyright O 2005 NatureServe, 1101 Wilson Boulevard, 15th Floor, Arlington Virginia 22209, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved. Each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document. The following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site. Citation for data on website including Watershed and State Distribution maps: NatureServe. 2005. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 4.5. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: September 21, 2005 Citation for Bird Range Maps of North America: Ridgely, R.S., T.F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D.K. McNicol, D.W. Mehiman, B.E. Young, and J.R. Zook. 2003. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Acknowledgement Statement for Bird Range Maps of North America: "Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Robert Ridgely, James Zook, The Nature Conservancy - Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International - CABS, World Wildlife Fund - US, and Environment Canada - WILDSPACE." Citation for Mammal Range Maps of North America: Patterson, B.D., G. Ceballos, W. Sechrest, M.F. Tognelli, T. Brooks, L. Luna, P. Ortega, I. Salazar, and B.E. Young. 2003. Digital Distribution Maps of the Mammals of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Acknowledgement Statement for Mammal Range Maps of North America: "Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Bruce Patterson, Wes Sechrest, Marcelo Tognelli, Gerardo Ceballos, The Nature Conservancy-Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International-CABS, World Wildlife Fund-US, and Environment Canada-WILDSPACE." NOTE: Full metadata for the Bird Range Maps of North America is available at: http://www. natureserve.org/library/birdDistributionmapsmetadatav1.pdf. Full metadata for the Mammal Range Maps of North America is available at: http://www.natureserve.org/library/mammalsDistributionmetadatavl .pdf. Restrictions on Use: Permission to use, copy and distribute documents delivered from this server is hereby granted under the following conditions: 1. The above copyright notice must appear in all copies; 2. Any use of the documents available from this server must be for informational purposes only and in no instance for commercial purposes; 3. Some data may be downloaded to files and altered in format for analytical purposes, however the data should still be referenced using the citation above; 4. No graphics available from this server can be used, copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by NatureServe. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication, estoppel, or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of NatureServe. No trademark owned by NatureServe may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from NatureServe. Except as expressly provided above, nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any NatureServe copyright. Information Warranty Disclaimer: All documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided "as is" without warranty as to the currentness, completeness, or accuracy of any specific data. NatureServe hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement. NatureServe makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server. In no event shall NatureServe be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential damages, or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, under any theory of liability used. NatureServe may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice; however, NatureServe makes no commitment to update the information contained herein. Since the data in the central databases are continually being updated, it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt. The data provided is for planning, assessment, and informational purposes. Site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies. If ground-disturbing activities are proposed on a site, the appropriate state natural heritage program(s) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site-specific review of the project area (see Visit Local Programs). Feedback Request: NatureServe encourages users to let us know of any errors or significant omissions that you find in the data through (see Contact Us). Your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users. Etheostoma podostemone - Jordan and Jenkins, 1889 Riverweed Darter Unique Identifier: ELEMENT _GLOBAL.2.101592 Element Code: AFCQC02590 Informal Taxonomy: Animals, Vertebrates - Fishes - Bony Fishes - Perches and Darters © Noel Burkhead & Virginia Dept of Game and Inland Fisheries (Fishes of Virginia) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Animalia Craniata Actinopterygii Perciformes Percidae Etheostoma Genus Size: D - Medium to large genus (21+ species) Concept Reference: Robins, C. R., et al. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publishing 20. 183 pp. Concept Reference Code: B91 ROB01 NAUS Name Used in Concept Reference: Etheostoma podostemone --Jump to Section--- Conservation Status NatureServe Status Global Status: G4 Global Status Last Reviewed: 03Feb2000 Global Status Last Changed: 03Feb2000 Rounded Global Status: G4 Reasons: Limited, discontinuous range in the upper Roanoke River drainage, Virignia and North Carolina; stable; local threats include habitat destruction and alteration. Nation: United States National Status: N4 U.S. & Canada State/Province Status United States North Carolina (S2), Virginia (S3S4) Other Statuses NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Global Abundance: E Global Abundance Comments: During a 1992-1995 survey, occurred commonly in 124 river km of the Dan River in North Carolina as well as the Little Dan River, Mayo River, and the Virginia portion of the upper Dan River (Rohde et al., in press). In Virginia, uncommon or common in mountains and the upper Piedmont, becoming scarcer on the middle Piedmont (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Estimated Number of Element Occurrences: C Estimated Number of Element Occurrences Comments: Not tracked by the Virginia Heritage Program, but occurs at an estimated 21-100 sites (S. Roble, pers. comm., 1997). Jenkins and Burkhead (1993) mapped approximately 75 sites in Virginia. Fifteen documented sites in North Carolina (H. LeGrand, pers. comm., 1997). Global Short Tenn Trend: E Global Short Tenn Trend Comments: Probably stable (H. LeGrand and S. Roble, pers. comm., 1997). A recent status review by experienced ichthyologists indicated that this fish is currently stable (Mel Warren, pers. comm., 1999). Apparently secure within a limited distribution in North Carolina; currently a species of special concern in North Carolina (Rohde et al., in press). Global Inventory Needs: Periodically monitor populations. Global Protection: A Global Protection Comments: No protected occurrences (H. LeGrand and S. Roble, pers. comm., 1997). Global Protection Needs: Obtain land to protect from habitat loss and alteration. Encourage Podostemum growth. Degree of Threat: C Threats: Populations on the middle Piedmont are localized, indicating an intolerance of heavy siltation (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Found in enough different streams to be safe from immediate threat, but populations should be monitored. F ---Jump to Section- • Distribution U.S. States and Canadian Provinces State/Province Conservation 41-11 zi? Status SX: Presumed jW I' Extirpated SH: Possibly Extirpated SI Critically YT (L~ a Imperiled LB S2: Imperiled Wa o IMF S3: Vulnerable 9C A13 g~ Lac r PE ? S4: Apparently Secure ® S5: Secure 1 M0 yT ? Not ND NY`? Ranked/Under ID U41 RI ? Review (SNR/SU) PA C O 0 WV IA NV ~ L M ~ VA q~10 0 COrISBNat10n CA Ulr K5 MQ KY NC DC ? Status Z NM OK AR GA Not Applicable (SNA) A a UL MS Exotic 7X Hybrid without Conservation f Value Endemism: endemic to a single nation U.S. & Canada State/Province Distribution United States NC, VA Range Map No map available. Global Range Comments: Upper Roanoke River drainage, including Roanoke system proper and Dan River system, Virginia and North Carolina. Occurs widely in Ridge and Valley, Blue Ridge, and upper Piedmont provinces and disjunctly in middle Piedmont (Lee et al. 1980). Common (Page and Burr 1991). U.S. Distribution by County (based on available natural heritage records) State County Name (FIPS Code) NC Caswell (37033), Rockingham (37157), Stokes (37169) U.S. Distribution by Watershed (based on available natural heritage records) Watershed Region Watershed Name (Watershed Code) 03 Upper Dan (03010103), Lower Dan (03010104) U.S. Distribution by Watershed (based on multiple information sources) - 4 f `L z l r i State Boundary Etheostoma podostemone Map created June 2003 /\/f Major Ricers US G S 8-digit HU C Rnrerweed Darter Q Current Distribution - Historic Distribution 200 0 200 Kilometers NatUreSrve Out of Scope ---Jump to Section--- + Economic Attributes ---Jump to Section--- Management Summary Biological Research Needs: Obtain life-history information. r ---Jump to Section--- + Ecology & Life History Short General Description: A small fish (darter). Reproduction Comments: Spawning period probably April-May (Lee et al. 1980), also reported as late May to early June (Page 1983). Habitat Type: Freshwater Non-Migrant: N Locally Migrant: N Long Distance Migrant: N Riverine Habitat(s): CREEK, High gradient, MEDIUM RIVER, Riffle Special Habitat Factors: Benthic Habitat Comments: Runs and riffles of gravel to boulder, cool to warm, typically clear creeks and small rivers. Frequently associated with vascular riverweed, Podestemon. Adult Food Habits: Invertivore Immature Food Habits: Invertivore Length: 7 centimeters ---Jump to Section--- Population/Occurrence Delineation Group Name: DARTERS Use Class: Not applicable Minimum Criteria for an Occurrence: Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs and larvae) in appropriate habitat. Separation Barriers: Dam lacking a suitable fishway; high waterfall; upland habitat. Separation Distance for Unsuitable Habitat: 10 km Separation Distance for Suitable Habitat: 10 km Separation Justification: Data on dispersal and other movements generally are not available. Though larvae of some species may drift with the current, Turner (2001) found no significant relationship between a larval transport index and gene flow among several different darter species. Separation distances are arbitrary but reflect the likely low probability that two occupied locations separated by less than several kilometers of aquatic habitat would represent truly independent populations. Because of the difficulty in defining suitable versus unsuitable habitat, especially with respect to dispersal, and to simplify the delineation of occurrences, a single separation distance is used regardless of habitat quality. Occupied locations that are separated by a gap of 10 km or more of any aquatic habitat that is not known to be occupied generally represent different occurrences. However, it is important to evaluate seasonal changes in habitat to ensure that an occupied habitat occurrence for a particular population does not artificially separate spawning areas and nonspawning areas as different occurrences simply because there have been no collections/observations in an intervening area that may exceed the separation distance. Date: 21 Sep2004 Author: Hammerson, G. ---Jump to Section--- Population/Occurrence Viability ---Jump to Section--- Authors/Contributors NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Edition Date: 17Apr1997 NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Author: Jennings, R., G. Hammerson, and M. K. Clausen Element Ecology & Life History Edition Date: 13May1993 Element Ecology & Life History Author(s): Hammerson, G. Zoological data developed by NatureServe and its network of natural heritage programs (see Local Programs) and other contributors and cooperators (see Sources . ---Jump to Section--- 'WReferences • Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxiii + 1079 pp. • Kuehne, R. A., and R. W. Barbour. 1983. The American Darters. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. 177 pp. • Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History. 867 pp. • Page, L. M. 1983. Handbook of Darters. T. F. H. Pub., Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 271 pp. • Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp. • Robins, C. R., et al. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publishing 20. 183 pp. • Rohde, F. C., M. L. Moser, and R. G. Arndt. [In press]. Distribution and status of selected fishes in North Carolina, with a new state record. Brimleyana. The Small Print: Trademark, Copyright, Citation Guidelines, Restrictions on Use, and Information Disclaimer. Note: Data presented in NatureServe Explorer at http://www.natureserve.org/explorer were updated to be current with NatureServe's central databases as of June 2005. Note: This report was printed on September 21, 2005. Trademark Notice: "NatureServe", NatureServe, NatureServe Explorer, The NatureServe logo, and all other names of NatureServe programs referenced herein are trademarks of NatureServe. Any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright Notice: Copyright O 2005 NatureServe, 1101 Wilson Boulevard, 15th Floor, Arlington Virginia 22209, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved. Each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document. The following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site. Citation for data on website including Watershed and State Distribution maps: NatureServe. 2005. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 4.5. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: September 21, 2005 Citation for Bird Range Maps of North America: Ridgely, R.S., T.F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D.K. McNicol, D.W. Mehiman, B.E. Young, and J.R. Zook. 2003. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Acknowledgement Statement for Bird Range Maps of North America: "Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Robert Ridgely, James Zook, The Nature Conservancy - Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International - CABS, World Wildlife Fund - US, and Environment Canada - WILDSPACE." Citation for Mammal Range Maps of North America: Patterson, B.D., G. Ceballos, W. Sechrest, M.F. Tognelli, T. Brooks, L. Luna, P. Ortega, I. Salazar, and B.E. Young. 2003. Digital Distribution Maps of the Mammals of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Acknowledgement Statement for Mammal Range Maps of North America: "Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Bruce Patterson, Wes Sechrest, Marcelo Tognelli, Gerardo Ceballos, The Nature Conservancy-Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International-CABS, World Wildlife Fund-US, and Environment Canada-WILDSPACE." NOTE: Full metadata for the Bird Range Maps of North America is available at: http://www.natureserve.orq/library/birdDistributionmapsmetadatav1.pdf. Full metadata for the Mammal Range Maps of North America is available at: http://www.natureserve.org/library/mammalsDistributionmetadatav1.pdf. Restrictions on Use: Permission to use, copy and distribute documents delivered from this server is hereby granted under the following conditions: 1. The above copyright notice must appear in all copies; 2. Any use of the documents available from this server must be for informational purposes only and in no instance for commercial purposes; 3. Some data may be downloaded to files and altered in format for analytical purposes, however the data should still be referenced using the citation above; 4. No graphics available from this server can be used, copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by NatureServe. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication, estoppel, or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of NatureServe. No trademark owned by NatureServe may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from NatureServe. Except as expressly provided above, nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any NatureServe copyright. I Information Warranty Disclaimer: All documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided "as is" without warranty as to the currentness, completeness, or accuracy of any specific data. NatureServe hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement. NatureServe makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server. In no event shall NatureServe be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential damages, or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, under any theory of liability used. NatureServe may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice; however, NatureServe makes no commitment to update the information contained herein. Since the data in the central databases are continually being updated, it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt. The data provided is for planning, assessment, and informational purposes. Site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies. If ground-disturbing activities are proposed on a site, the appropriate state natural heritage program(s) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site-specific review of the project area (see Visit Local Programs). Feedback Request: NatureServe encourages users to let us know of any errors or significant omissions that you find in the data through (see Contact Us). Your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users. M1 1 11 F4' I- ~?6f Site Index