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Home My WebLink About20051666 All Versions_Monitoring Reports_20051107 co Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Lepomis auntus 55 ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 commersoni 15 41f 1. a ostomus , ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04121l04 2004-16 C t ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04121/04 2004-16 Moxostoma erythrurum 3 ° ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Moxostoma pappillosum _ b ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Hypentelium nigricans - 5 l c~' r ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04121/04 2004-16 Hypentelium roanokense - 5 t r? ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Etheostoma flabellare 48 t ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04121/04 2004-16 Amelurus platycephalus - 3 ROA 1 Town ForkCr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Noturus insignia 19 ,r r `'r` l ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Lepomia macrochirus 2 ROA 1 Town Fork Cr'SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21104 2004-16 Lepomis cyanailus 1 t ~";tr:-' „r ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Semotilus atromaculatus 2 Grec k C^ 11 rr ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04121/04 2004-16 UAW albeolus - 4 ~?"1 p ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004.16 Luxilus oerasinus - 2 rs } , a % s.i ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Lythrurus ardens 2 ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21104 2004-16 Csmpostoma anomalum 2 ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Notropis chiliUcus 3 ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21!04 2004-16 Cyprineila analostana 4 ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21104 2004-16 Percina roanoka 4 ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21104 2004-16 Etheostoma nigrum - 7 -TeA )I ROA 1 Town Fork Cr SR 1955 Stokes 361551 801357 04/21/04 2004-16 Nocomis leptocephalus 115 A NOV-07-2005 MON 02:20 PM ENV SCIENCES BRANCH FAX NO. 919 733 9959 f uz Results of fish sampling in September 1995 at Site D and data used to determine NOBT scare. ' a~MMON NAMIC:u `:Nt~MH I;' i' - Of .Y.1E+ ki?U09 l '~N = G >d! 4 ' w J • r l... x.. - l T ~ADULTS~ e ^stgl•25e~ ...r y .a; ~ •C «F` 7£•3~LJ•'-•Y.,i_: _ ,w ~ ' ) p' Sx~ E s: p a Y~'r ehh!!.. mix Q , .~`y~~. ~ iS. ,y~.`JST• -°'%er=`'7 * "Y . ~d ,PtJ3r •SLC'•~D,•: .o.H', 7p t.: Al,;.::..• r rriitiy~re~ xllti~ltc adh1b: • 375 yes lilt VD AM MOW 08 RO fi :'Iaif. rcGftcr • • ' .:I j i ; . _ yes : _.Steiimeilia v xmmvpre.ti 19' 'M ;ll?ttI?or s~ 21c•''i SEY i' : A!Y "}iu O. R M3j >:•x•, f -i>:ciii?tik`~~siclceirx.tXl t , .i' =e' 'ii~ri . ;~~,`-'4~~ •~~C~!~~~2 o:°t~-:r > ` :r rte= H:t•JS~'~r i • ..a . ~ t!!(ITl~~dl~: M~ V~Qrei.: C t i r } `1~1 itn~'~~It. S A% +ni#1 Q h~ n[~~r 16 : ' : intolal?#r Y... ~~grx>_: y snt < a.- <...rtw ce _W M, W Api~?iied madtow Yin Antom 01 tt r::-~a tivpre~.- ~ e. t {.....~„'N,!i~.•3 i4~ ~i}y~y~y~ 1~'•~,~ Y • l~~": X t.~•.'~ amt t~ .jr ~ ! r~i ;M9 Milo, x J~'•. it x a~'i; . Y , xRa "7~'.'sf:i ' ~ aye • late :R T r;x im "-Z . tiia4~11 • • • , : ~ 1~'it iatv•s<• ~"'•ttts~rv~ie•:~: U+ ~pk? •.~t~, ~3• . N M ; j3>"'f.:.~•~: ^I. r eniauth.bass _ acs untcrm~d~ate Iseivore° Species captured at Town Fork Creek on October 5, 2005.rF~ ~ r Stoneroller , Bluehead chub white sucker Northern hogsucker Roanoke hogsucker Crescent shiner Redlip shiner Satinfin shiner White shiner Margined madtom Snail bullhead Flat bullhead Roanoke darter Fantail darter Redbreast sunfish - several of these, most were around 100 mm Largemouth bass - caught 3 of these, all were 100-150 mm i_-{ 1 1 1 i_ I I 1 s•. Bigeye Jumprock, Scartomyzon ariommus Physical Description: • Large-eyed, elongate, almost round sucker Dorsal fin edge straight or slightly concave Top of the head convex • Inferior mouth Thin, flattened, bumpy lips Upper lip forms a hood over part of lower lip when closed; almost completely circular lips when open; lower lip halves are separated by a deep notch and are covered by large, symmetrically rowed bumps Similar species: Black jumprock (Scartomyzon cervinus) Mean body size: Adults are 100-190 mm standard length Habitat: Warm streams of moderate gradient Slightly to heavily silted and vary in clarity Deep runs and well-flowing parts of pools Distribution in VA: Endemic to the upper and middle Roanoke drainage Food Habits: Aquatic insect larvae, water mites, and some detritus Reproductive Habits: • Spawning may occur at age 3 or 4 • Spawning probably occurs in February and early March at 2-170C Population Status, Economic, or Ecological Importance: Most sought after and difficult-to-catch fish in the Roanoke Siltation may have led to the extirpation of some populations Rare over its range SiE~iat~vn~t5i status in North Carolina References: Jenkins, R.E and N.M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. ! I I L 1_4 ~1; 9 VVWW •s y ~ A~NC4 - y.. ur Riverweed Darter, Etheostoma podostemone Physical Description: • Large pectoral fins High dorsal fins Eyes almost on top of head Rounded tail fin • Elongate body Blunt nose and terminal mouth "XW"-shaped blotches or evenly spaced spots on side of body Dorsal and tail fins yellow with light orange spots • Lower fins dark Green and yellow body Similar species: Johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) Mean body size: Adults are 30-55 standard length Habitat: Streams and rivers over clean, loose boulders, rubble, and gravel in swift runs and riffles Distribution in VA: Found in upper and middle Roanoke drainage Food Habits: Insects, some mites, snails, and fish eggs Reproductive Habits: Mature by age 1 or 2 Spawning occurs late March to late May in water 17-20°C Males territorial Eggs adhesive and laid in clusters under rocks • Fecundity is about 123-345 eggs per female Population Status, Economic, or Ecological Importance: • Common in its range References: Jenkins, R.E and N.M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. i I <-r Roanoke Darter, Percina roanoka Physical Description: Robust body • Two dorsal fins, almost connected • Large eye at top of head • Terminal mouth Slightly rounded or blunt nose • Somewhat forked tail fin • Dark, olive-colored body Dark, vertically elongate blotches evenly spaced along the side in a line • Orange band on first dorsal fin • Two pale orange tail fin spots Spawning males with dark blue bodies Similar species: Piedmont darter (Percina crassa) Mean body size: Adults are 35-55 mm standard length Habitat: • Warm, clear streams and rivers in gravel, rubble, and boulder runs and riffles Distribution in VA: Found in the James, New, Chowan, and Roanoke drainages Food Habits: Insects Reproductive Habits: Mature around age 1 • Spawning occurs early April to early June Spawn in sand and fine gravel in riffles Fecundity is unknown Hybridizes with P. oxyrhyncha Population Status, Economic, or Ecological Importance: • May out compete other native darters in their range References: Jenkins, R.E and N.M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Ems, q Roanoke Hogsucker, Hypentelium roanokense Physical Description: Chunky hogsucker Anterior body is foreshortened and stout • Large bumpy lips that protrude before the snout tip Subterminal mouth Silvery iridescences Orange-brown stripe along the mid-side • Orange paired fins Similar species: Northern hogsucker (Hypentelium nigricans) Mean body size: Adults are 60-100 mm standard length Habitat: Cool and warm, moderate to high-gradient creeks and streams • Rocky, gravelly, sandy and moderately silted streams Distribution in VA: Only found in the upper and middle Roanoke drainage Food Habits: • Insect larvae, algae, and detritus Reproductive Habits: Males mature at age one, females around age two Spawning may occur March through May Population Status, Economic, or Ecological Importance: References: Jenkins, R.E and N.M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. i At- 9 - VF Erb e ~ ~ !,1! 1;11!!11 glip Y~ , r r ~ti' Northern Hogsucker, Hypentelium nigricans Physical Description: Elongate, concave-headed, bumpy-lipped sucker Inferior mouth, does not extend past snout tip Eye near top of head Flattened head Nuptial tubercles on male on the anal fin and lower tail fin lobe • Dark saddles on back • Looks similar to Roanoke hogsucker, but much larger Similar species: Roanoke hogsucker (Hypentelium roanokense) Mean body size: Adults are 125-300 mm standard length Habitat: • Clean creeks and rivers in most habitats Intolerant of pollution, siltation, and channelization • Rarely found in lakes and impoundments Distribution in VA: Widely distributed in most of the major drainages but not found in the Virginia Pee Dee Food Habits: • Insect larvae, microcrustaceans, fish eggs, small mollusks, and algae • Stir up the bottom with the snout Reproductive Habits: Males mature at age 2-3, females around age 3-4 Spawning may occur in late March through early May Spawn over gravel in pools and riffles Population Status, Economic, or Ecological Importance: References: Jenkins, R.E and N.M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. i h~ - 4 a~5y,~ w V-lip redhorse, Moxostoma pappillosum Physical Description: • Slightly elongate, nearly round, slightly compressed and shallow body Dark scale bases • V-shaped lower lip, inferior mouth, round snout Medium-sized to large eye Dorsal fin edge slightly concave or straight Tail fin with pointed tips, and equal length or almost so • Large nuptial tubercles on anal fin and lower tail fin lobe, tiny ones elsewhere on body Back brown or olive-colored, silvery or coppery sides, slight brassy and green iridescence on scales • Dorsal fin with faint red at the front part Tail fin red around the edge of the lobes • Anal fin pale orange, orange-red, or white • Lower fins orange or pale red Similar species: Silver redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum) • River redhorse (Moxostoma carinatum) Mean body size: Adults are 230-325 mm standard length Habitat: • Found in warm, medium-sized streams to medium rivers of moderate or gentle gradient, clear or moderately turbid and moderately silted • Found in some impoundments Distribution in VA: Chowan and Roanoke drainages Food Habits: Aquatic insects, ostracods, plants, and silt • Feed in pool shallows, slow and swift runs, over sand, gravel, and rubble Feed by moving stones away and stirring up the bottom Reproductive Habits: Spawning may occur in late April to early July Migrate upstream to spawn Population Status, Economic, or Ecological Importance: Some populations may be declining, but unclear References: Jenkins, R.E and N.M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. III ON i.~ < E Ilk y Shield Darter, Percina peltata Physical Description: • Elongate body • Two dorsal fins, almost connected Large eye at top of head Terminal mouth • Forked tail fin • Pale olive-colored body • Dark, rectangular blotches along the side in a line • Dark band on first dorsal fin Similar species: Appalachia darter (Percina gymnocephala) Mean body size: Adults are 40-70 mm standard length Habitat: Warm streams and rivers over many different substrates Avoid heavily silted areas Distribution in VA: Found in all major Atlantic slope drainages Food Habits: Insects Reproductive Habits: Mature between ages 1-3 Spawning occurs late March to early .Jup# Spawn in sand and fine gravel in riffles Buries its eggs • Lays 15-25 eggs at a time • Hybridizes with P. notogramma Population Status, Economic, or Ecological Importance: One of the most widespread darters on the Atlantic slope References: Jenkins, R.E and N.M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. j TOFTH I~ sf, ATLAS OF NORTH, AMERICAN, r loo e ~ FRESHWATER', FISHES a 40104 LEE GILRERT HOCUT'I' JENKINS MCALLISTER STAUFFER 40 G~'ck rvnn Moxostoma ariommum Robins and Raney Order Cypriniformes • Bigeye jumprock Family Catostomidae TYPE LOCALITY: [South Fork] Roanoke River, 4 km sw of Shawsville, Montgomery Co., VA (Robins and Raney 1956. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 343:1-56). SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Scartomyzon. Avg' Morphologically and genetically very distinct from other Moxostoma species (Robins and Raney 1956; Miller and Evans 1965. Copeia: VA: Montgomery Co., South 467-87; Jenkins 1970. Ph. D. diss., Cornell Fork of Roanoke River, Univ.; Buth 1978. Ph. D. diss., Univ. Illinois). 143 mm SL (NCSM) Thought by Jenkins (1970) to have stemmed from lineage that lead to Thohurnia, parti- cularly M. atri.pi.nne, but Buth (1978) re- garded it a member of Seartomyzon. Jpy 0v4- oCT Sr ~P ~P~ soy`„ pK ~ ~ ~ ~ TFA SOT r0 ~f.. q ~ t Noy i 1 • VA. p1 BEMAFiI E SOUND DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: En- ADULT SIZE: 110-190 mm SL. demic to Roanoke drainage, VA and NC. Known in Roanoke proper and Dan systems from Ridge and Valley Province into upper BIOLOGY: Aspects of sensory morphology half of Piedmont Province: range apparently studied by Miller and Evans (1965). Diet of discontinuous on Piedmont. Record for eight large juveniles and adults mainly Chowan system (Jenkins et al. 1975. Va. chironomid larvae; usually much lesser J. Sci. 26:128-34) invalid, based on faulty numbers of other immature insects such as locality data. Inhabitant of small to large other diptera, particularly the tipulid usually medium-sized, warm, generally clear Axtocha, plecoptera, ephemeroptera, and to moderately turbid, moderate gradient trichoptera. Seven of these specimens con- streams. Larger juveniles and adults typically sumed water mites. Apparently spawns in congregate in deep runs and head of pools, March, based on gonadal and tubercle de- usually among large rubble, boulders and velopment. outcrop: occasionally found in shallow riffles and flowing parts of pools distant from their head. Young generally in pools. Compilers: R. E. Jenkins and P. H. Lahrmann. Usually uncommon, never abundant. July 1979. ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES 411 Etheostoma podostemone Jordan and Jenkins Order Perciformes Riverweed darter Family Percidae TYPE LOCALITY: [South Fork of] Roanoke River at Alleghany Springs, Montgomery Co., VA (Jordan and Jenkins in Jordan 1889. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. [1888] 11:351-62). Lectotype designated by Cole (in Collette and Knapp 1967. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 119:1 88). NC: Stokes Co., Dan River, SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Boleosoma. Most 67 mm SL (NCSM). closely related to, and well differentiated from, its geminate of adjacent James River drainage, E. longimanum (Miles 1964. M.S. thesis, Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ.; Cole in Holt [ed.] 1972. Va. Polytech. Inst. State Univ. Res. Div. Monogr. 4:119-38). , ? 1 Y' Mai DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Endemic ADULT SIZE: 35-70 mm SL. to upper Roanoke River drainage, including Roanoke system proper and more southern Dan River system, VA and NC. Occurs wide- ly in Ridge and Valley, Blue Ridge and upper BIOLOGY: Largely unknown. Probably sim- Piedmont provinces, and, disjunctly, in mid- ilar to that of E. longimanum. Based on aqu- dle Piedmont. Generally distributed in most arium observations, spawns on underside of of upper Roanoke proper, sporadic in upper nest cover (Voiers, pers. comm. ; 1964. Abstr. and middle Dan. Occupies runs and riffles of 45th Ann. ASIH). Apparently spawns April gravel to boulder, in small to large, cool to and May, based on nuptial color and gonadal warm, typically clear streams. Frequently development. associated with the vascular riverweed, Pod- ostemon. Often common. Another member of Boleosoma, E. nigrum, inhabits slower currents in same streams. Compiler : R. E. Jenkins. January 1979. 682 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Percina roanoka (Jordan and Jenkins) Order Perciformes Roanoke darter Family Percidae 40 TYPE LOCALITY: Bottom Creek, tributary of South Fork of Roanoke River, near Alleg- iF. heny Springs, Montgomery Co., VA (Jordan and Jenkins in Jordan 1889. Proc. U.S. Natl.` " Mus. [1888] 11:351-62). Locality clarified \ by Jordan (1889. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. [1888] 8:97-173). SYSTEMATICS: Transferred from subgenus Ericosma to Alvordius by Page (1974. Copeia: VA: Franklin Co., Blackwater 66-86). Closely related to and formerly con- River, male, 55 mm SL (INHS). sidered subspecies of P. crassa. Treated as specifically distinct by Page (1974). Mayden and Page (1979. Copeia :413-26) concluded that P. roanoka was specifically distinct from P. crassa and presented a thorough systematic account of the species. - r l all .J r --7 DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: James, ADULT SIZE: 35-50 mm SL, 65 mm SL Roanoke (including Chowan), Tar, and Neuse maximum. river drainages, NC and VA. Introduced in New River drainage, VA and WV (Hocutt and Hambrick 1973. Am. Midl. Nat. 90:397- BIOLOGY: Feeds diurnally on immature in- 405; Lachner and Jenkins 1971. Smithson. sects. Life span about three years. Spawns Contrib. Zool. 85:1-97). Abundant in Mon- in spring. Life history aspects discussed by tane and upper Piedmont regions; less com- Hobson (in press, Bios). Hybridization with mon and less widely distributed on upper . reported by Hocutt and Ham- Coastal Plain. Larger juveniles and adults brick k (197 (1973)). inhabit gravel (cobble and pebble) and boul- dersubstrates in runs and riffles of gen- erally clear, moderate to large streams and rivers. Compiler : R. L. Mayden. April 1978. ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES 739 Hypentelium roanokense Raney and Lachner Order Cypriniformes Roanoke hog sucker Family Catostomidae TYPE LOCALITY: Horse Pasture Creek, k , at U.S. hwy. 58 bridge, 2.4 km ne of Spencer, 'We 0- Henry Co., VA (Raney and Lachner 1947. Am. Mus. Novit. 1333:1-15). SYSTEMATICS: Genus most closely related NC: Stokes Co., Dan River, to small torrent suckers of Appalachian 81 mm SL (NCSM). group ThobuTnia, a subgenus of Moxo- stoma. Of the three species of Hypentelium, H. roanokense is phenotypically most distinc- tive. No significant intraspecific variation detected (Jenkins 1970. Ph.D. diss., Cornell Univ. ; Buth 1978. Ph.D. dirs., Univ. Illi- nois). Geographic range almost completely overlaps that of H. nigricans in Roanoke drainage (except for Chowan System), and both species commonly occur syntopically. No hybrids identified. ~t ' L 1 i ~ t1• , 40 DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Endemic over partly sand substrate. Although seem- to Roanoke River drainage, VA and NC, ingly better adapted morphologically for where extends widely from Ridge and Val- swift currents than syntopic H. nigricans ley province into central Piedmont province. (Raney and Lachner 1947), considerable Occupies both main branches of upper Roa- collecting has shown no obvious habitat noke (Roanoke proper and Dan River sys- segregation. tems). Unknown from Banister River water- shed (largest lower Dan River tributary, en- ADULT SIZE: 60-140 mm SL. tirely on Piedmont) and Chowan River sys- BIOLOGY: Diet unknown. Most males tem (on outer Piedmont and Coastal Plain) ; mature in two years, some in one; females the former has been only sparsely collected, mature in three years. Some females live five the latter well surveyed. Generally distribut- ed, although usually taken in small numbers, years, outliving most males by one or two in mountains and inner Piedmont uplands ; years. Dwarf sucker; females attain larger localized and/or rare in central Piedmont. In- size than males (Raney and Lachner 1947). 40 habits small to medium-sized, cool to warm Spawns in mid- and/or late spring, based streams where typically occupies riffles and on gonadal and tubercle development. runs of gravel, rubble, and boulder sub- strates. Occasionally found in slower current Compiler: R. E. Jenkins. February 1979. ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES 403 Etheostoma vitreum (Cope) Order Perciformes Glassy darter Family Percidae TYPE LOCALITY : Walnut Creek, tributary of Neuse River, Wake Co., NC (Cope 1870. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 11:261-70). SYSTEMATICS: Placed in monotypic sub- genus Ioa. Bears superficial resemblance to species of Ammocrypta but this is believed to result from evolutionary convergence be- MD : Prince Georges Co., cause of similar habitat preference. Anacostia River, 53 mm SL. (NCSM) l / r ~ DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Occurs BIOLOGY: Spends much of the time partly primarily in small to medium-sized sand and buried in sand. Winn and Piccio:o (1960. Co- gravel-bottomed streams of Piedmont and peia:186-92) studied the reproductive habits upper Coastal Plain, from Neuse River drain- of a population near Washington, D.C. Ken- age, NC, north to Patuxent drainage, MD. A nedy (1965. Chesapeake Biol. Lab. [Mimeo] ) record from Winters Run, Harford Co., MD, and Rohde (1974. in Lippson and Moran represents the northern range limit. Manual for Identification of Early Develop- mental Stages of Fishes of the Potomac River Estuary) described and illustrated some of the early developmental stages. Compilers: D. S. Lee, R. E. Jenkins, C. R. ADULT SIZE: 39-55 mm SL. Gilbert. March 1978. 708 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES . Hypentelium nigricans (Lesueur) Order Cypriniformes Northern hog sucker Family Catostomidae TYPE LOCALITY: Lake Erie (Lesueur 1817. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1:102-11). SYSTEMATICS: Closest relative is H. etowanum (Raney and Lachner 1947. Am. Mus. Novit. 1333:1-15, Jenkins 1970 Ph.D. diss., Cornell Univ.; Buth 1978. Ph.D. diss., Univ. Illinois). Clinal genetic variability seen MD: Baltimore Co., Gwynn's in alcohol dehydrogenase (Buth 1977. Bio- Falls, Potomac drainage, 104 chem. Syst. Ecol. 5:61-63). No subspecies mm SL (NCSM). recognized. Yl `,p ' `.'file d ~ 4 F ;~r'. '0 ~ 7DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Wide- BIOLOGY: Growth and general biology spread and often abundant throughout Missis- discussed by Raney and Lachner (1946. Am. sippi and Ohio basins, through ON in Great Midl. Nat. 36:76-86). Fish (1935. Bull. U.S. Lakes basin and in upper reaches-of most Bur. Fish. [1931-33) 47:293-398) and Burnak Atlantic slope streams south to northern GA. and Mohr (1978. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107: Recently reported from upper Mobile Bay 595-99) described early development. Over- drainage (Stiles and Etnier 1971. J. Tenn. all summaries provided by Carlander (1969. Acad. Sci. 46:12-16) and Chattahoochee sys- Handbook of Freshwater Fishery Biology of Apalachicola drainage (Auburn Univ. Vol. 1), Scott and Crossman (1973. Fresh- AU 3368). Prefers riffles and adjacent pools water Fishes of Canada), and Pflieger (1975. of clear shallow streams with gravel to rub- The Fishes of Missouri,). ble substrates. ADULT SIZE: 135-460 mm TL, 610 mm TL Compilers: D. G. Buth and R. W. Murphy. maximum. January 1979. 402 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Moxostoma pappillosum (Cope) Order Cypriniformes Wip redhorse Family Catostomidae TYPE LOCALITY: Catawba (Santee drainage) and Yadkin (Peedee drainage) rivers, NC (Cope 1870. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 11:448-95). F y w *1k, SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Moxostoma. Clusters phenetically and genetically with NC: Wake Co., Upper Barton's M. macrolepidotum and M. carinatum (Robins Creek, 98 mm SL (NCSM). and Raney 1956. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stan. Mem. 343; Buth 1978. Ph.D. diss., Univ. Illinois). Distinctive monotypic species (Jenkins 1970. Ph.D. diss., Cornell Univ.). • M. pappillosum or. i .J DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Atlan- BIOLOGY: Certain aspects of sensory tic slope from Santee drainage, SC, to Roa- structure discussed by Miller and Evans noke-Chowan drainage, VA. In silty to firm (1965. Copeia:467-87). Probably a relatively bottomed pools of medium-sized streams to late-spawning redhorse, in late spring-early rivers; occasionally in impoundments. Ob- summer, based on gonad and tubercle de- served feeding in slow, gravel-bottomed velopment. run. Rare to common. ADULT SIZE: 210-360 mm SL. Compiler: R. E. Jenkins. February 1980. ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES 429 ' Moxostoma erythrurum (Rafinesque) Order Cypriniformes Golden redhorse Family Catostomidae TYPE LOCALITY: Not fixed; described - from several drainages of Ohio River basin , (Rafinesque 1820. West. Rev. Misc. Mag.' 2:299-307). SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Moxostoma. Allied with M. duquesnei, M. anisurum, M. NC: Mitchell-Yancey cos., poecilurum, the undescribed grayfin red- Nolichucky River, 138 mm SL horse (Buth 1978. Ph.D. diss., Univ. Illinois), (NCSM). and perhaps with M. carinatum (Jenkins 1970. Ph.D. diss., Cornell Univ.). Racial di- vergence most prominent in Tallapoosa sys- tem of Mobile drainage. b i~ t i vp r I- ,r T Z.~""' 1 ~ I ~ o r'- J I I ~ ~ q See map on next page DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Widely BIOLOGY: Some aspects of sensory struc- distributed in Mobile drainage of Gulf slope, ture described by Miller and Evans (1965. Mississippi, Ohio, and lower Missouri basins, Copeia:467-87). Biology studied or sum- southern Great Lakes basin excluding Lake marized by Meyer (1962. Trans. Am. Fish. Superior drainage, upper Red River of North Soc. 94:412-19), Carlander (1969. Hand- and Lake of the Woods drainage, and Roanoke book of Freshwater Fishery Biology Vol. 1), and James drainages on Atlantic slope. Re- Jenkins (1970), Scott and Crossman (1973. eently found, perhaps introduced, in Potomac Freshwater Fishes of Canada), and Smith drainage. Avoids lowlands of central Missis- (1977. Ph.D. diss., Ohio State Univ.). Feeds sippi Valley; relict populations in southwest mostly on small molluscs, microcrustaceans, MS. Inhabits small to large streams and rivers insects, detritus, and algae. Matures in 3-5 with varied substrate; generally in pools, years, lives to eight years. Spawns during often over sand or silt. Occasionally in lakes. spring in runs and riffles of largely gravel, Often common. water 17-22°C. ADULT SIZE: 185-390 mm SL, ca. 660 mm TL maximum. Compiler: R. E. Jenkins. February 1980. ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES 421 Noturus insignis (Richardson) Order Siluriformes Margined madtom Family Ictaluridae 40 TYPE LOCALITY: Philadelphia, (PA), U. S. (Richardson 1836. Fauna Boreali-Ameri- Cana). - SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Schilbeodes. Ap- / ,r Mw parently most closely related to N. nocturnes - - ~N~ _ ' (Taylor 1969. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 282:~~il ' 1-315). Superficially similar to N. exilis, but relationships less intimate (Taylor 1969). Referred to as Noturus or Schilbeodes mar- MD: Baltimore Co., Gunpow- ginatus in some older references (Hubbs and der drainage (NCSM) Raney 1944. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 487:1-36). Some references to N. in- signis may refer to N. leptacanthus, N. fla- vus, N. miurus, or especially N. exilis. Open circle transplanted population ` 0 ~tt fY .lam Fv to y ~ -'i•~ M Map modified from Taylor 1969 DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Native ADULT SIZE: 47-90 mm SL, 130 mm SL range apparently from southeastern Lake maximum. Ontario drainage, south on Atlantic slope from NY to GA ; also found in upper Kana- BIOLOGY: Clugston and Cooper (1960. wha (New) River, upper Ohio River basin Copeia:9-16) studied age and growth in PA. and upper Tennessee River tributaries. Ap- Individuals usually live three years and oc- parently introduced in Merrimack River, NH casionally four. Little data available on food and Clark Lake, Gogebic Co., MI (Taylor habits. Flemer and Woolcott (1966. Chesa- 1969). Michigan record not shown. Chiefly peake Sci. 7:75-89) reported insects and un- in Clearwater streams of moderate current. identified fish in three individuals. Usually about riffles of gravel and rubble; where often very common. Compiler : F. C. Rohde. February 1978. ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER HSHES 461 Notropis cerasinus (Cope) Order Cypriniformes Crescent shiner Family Cyprinidae r TYPE LOCALITY : Headwaters of Roanoke River, Montgomery Co., VA (Cope 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 19:156-66). SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Luxilus, Gilbert loll 4 (1964. Bull. Fla. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 8:95- 194) reviewed systematics and concluded, as NC: Rockingham Co., Buffalo did Menzel (1976. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 4: Creek, 58 mm SL (NCSM). 281-93) who analysed biochemical proper- ties, closest relatives are N. cornutus, N. al- beolus, and N. chrysocephalus. However, Buth (in press. Biochem. Syst. and Ecol.), who also studied biochemistry, thinks closer relationships are to N. coccogenis and N. zonistius. .f . 3 _ ti ~ i iC \ r ff Map modified from Gilbert 1964 DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Wide- ADULT SIZE: 88 mm SL. spread and common in mountains and Pied- mont of Roanoke drainage proper, VA and NC. In upper Chowan system (Roanoke drainage) apparently limited to Meherrin BIOLOGY: Raney (1947. Zoologica 23:125- River, VA. Somewhat localized and usually 32) observed breeding behavior over No- uncommon in New (upper Kanawha) drain- comis nests during late summer. Food con- age, VA. Perhaps resulting from introduc- silts principally of chironomids and other tions, occupies a few middle and upper insect larvae (Schwartz and Dutcher 1962. James drainage tributaries, VA, and Cape Am. Midl. Nat. 68:369-75). Fear drainage headwaters, NC. Typically in- habits cool to warm, small to medium-sized streams with highly varied substrates, al- though generally avoids heavily silted areas. Compiler : C. R. Gilbert. August 1978. ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES 249 Notropis ardens (Cope) Order Cypriniformes Rosef in shiner Family Cyprinidae TYPE LOCALITY: Headwaters of Roanoke River, Montgomery Co., VA (Cope in Gunther 1868. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum 7:1-512). SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Lpthrurus, most closely related to N. liras. Geographically variable in several characters, but subspecies N. a. fasciolaris and N. a. matutinus prob- AL: Madison Co., Tennessee ably do not merit recognition (Snelson 1972. River system, male, 57 mm SL Bull. Fla. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 17:1-92; (Smith-Vaniz 1968). Snelson unpubl.). r I J t DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Atlantic sized upland streams with moderate flow slope; common in upland regions from York and usually gravel and rubble bottoms. Typ- drainage, VA, south through Neuse drainage, ically common. NC. One record from Cape Fear drainage, NC. Questionable literature records from ADULT SIZE : 45-70 mm SL. Shenandoah drainage, VA ; literature record from Savannah drainage, SC, based on mis- BIOLOGY: Spawns in spring and early sum- identification. In Ohio basin, widespread in mer, often over nests of chubs (Raney 1947. middle portion of Tennessee drainage and Zoologica 32:125-32). Male larger than fe- throughout Cumberland drainage. Upstream male. Complementary distribution with N. in Ohio River tributaries through Scioto um.bratilis in Ohio River basin suggests River system, OH. Also in New (Kanawha) competitive relationship. The two occasion- River drainage, VA. Rare in upper Tennes- ally hybridize. see drainage; headwaters of Black Warrior River (Mobile Bay drainage), AL; and south- eastern IL. Inhabitant of small to medium- Compiler: F. F. Snelson, Jr. September 1978. 228 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Notropis analostanus (Girard) Order Cypriniformes Satinfin shiner Family Cyprinidae TYPE LOCALITY: Rock Creek (tributary to Potomac River), Washington, DC (Girard 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [1859] - 11:56-68). SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Cyprinella. Gibbs (1963. Copeia:511-28) recognized two subspecies, N. a. analostanus and N. m chloristius, but these now usually re- MD: Dorchester Co., Choptank garded as distinct species (see 1970 and River, 56 mm SL (NCSM). 1980 AFS checklists). Closely related to N. whipplei and is apparently Atlantic slope geminate of that species. -Nd t tom" - =l DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Peedee males of more than three years were found. River drainage, NC, north to lower Hudson Most mature at age I, but some at age H. River and southern Lake Ontario drainages, Spawns diurnally late May to mid-August NY. Occurs sympatrically and syntopically in NY, at 18-27°C. Probably spawns twice with very similar N. spilopterus, from a season. Eggs attached to branches, stumps, middle Potomac River drainage north to and logs. No care of eggs or young, but lower Hudson River and Lake Ontario drain- male guards nest territory. Insects, gar- ages, NY. In moderately small to large, ticularly Diptera or Emphemeroptera, are weedless streams with substrate ranging principal food. Stout (1975. Am. Mid!. from sand to gravel and rubble. Occasion- Nat. 94:296-325) discussed sound communi- ally reaches tidal portions of some large cation during reproductive behavior, and rivers. Common. Gale and Buyhak (1978. Trans. Am. Fish. ADULT SIZE: 53-93 mm TL (males); 47- Soc. 107:460-63) reported spawning fre- 79 mm TL (females). quency and fecundity. BIOLOGY: Stone (1940. Ph.D. diss., Cornell Univ.) studied biology and life history in Compilers: C. R. Gilbert and G. H. Burgess. NY. Some females live four years, but no October 1979. 226 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Notropis hudsonius (Clinton) Order Cypriniformes Spottail shiner Family Cyprinidae TYPE LOCALITY: Hudson River, NY° (Clinton 1824. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. r N.Y. 1:49-50). SYSTEMATICS: Highly variable species. Atlantic slope population (particularly on southern portion) lacks distinct caudal MD: Harford Co., spot and has different average pharyngeal Susquehanna River, 75 mm tooth count and slimmer body as compared SL (NCSM). to western (trans-Appalachian) populations. Seaman (1968. M.Sc. thesis, Univ. Florida) studied systematics and found fairly even clinal gradation of morphological char- acters to from southern Atlantic slope north, and from there to northwestern limits of •7 range. He also found confusing overlap of pigmentary characters (mainly caudal spot) on northern Atlantic slope. These factors precluded recognition of distinct taxa, ° even at subspecific level. Additional sys- tematic studies, possibly employing bio- chemical techniques, appear called for. , DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: One of most widely ranging North American freshwater fishes. On Atlantic slope, from See map on next page Altamaha drainage, GA, north to Connecti- cut and Thames drainages (CT, MA, and NH). Has entered Chattahoochee system (Apala- chicola drainage), GA, presumably by stream BIOLOGY: Shapiro (1975. Mass. Coop. capture from Savannah drainage. Through- out most of St. Lawrence and Great Lakes Fish. Res. Unit. Publ. 43:1-47) provided basin, upper eastern Mississippi River complete bibliography of species. Adams basin, and in northwestern Canada, to near and Hankinson (1928. Roosevelt Wild Life mouth of Mackenzie River. On Atlantic Ann. 1:235-548), McCann (1959. Trans. slope occurs in wide range of habitats, Am. Fish Soc. 88:336-43) and Scott and I from large, sluggish coastal rivers and Grossman (1973. Freshwater Fishes of brackish water up to 10.7 ppt (Jones et al. Canada) studied or reviewed biology in 1978. Development of Fishes of the Mid- NY, IA, and Canada, respectively. Spawns Atlantic Bight Vol. 1) to small, clear, in spring or early summer, precise date rapidly-flowing montane streams. Western depending on latitude and temperature. In lake populations, at least, this occurs over populations more closely restricted to large shallow, sandy shoals. Maximum age four rivers and lakes, usually over sandy or rocky years in MN (Smith and Kramer 1964. shallows with scant vegetation. Usually Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93:35-45), only common and sometimes abundant. three years (and usually two) in IA (McCann 1959). Eats insects, crustaceans, and often large amounts of filamentous algae (McPhail and Lindsey 1970. Freshwater Fishes of Northwestern Canada and Alaska). Impor- tant forage species in many areas. ADULT SIZE: 75-114 mm TL, 132 mm TL Compilers: C. R. Gilbert and G. H. Burgess. maximum. August 1979. f ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES 275 Notropis procne (Cope) Order Cypriniformes Swallowtail shiner Family Cyprinidae TYPE LOCALITY: Conestoga River, tributary of Susquehanna River, PA (Cope 1865. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 16:276- 85). Lectotype designated by Fowler (1909. - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [1908] 60:517- 53), but see Gilbert (1978. Bull. Fla. MD: Baltimore Co.-Harford State Mus. Biol. Sci. 23:1-104). Co., Little Gunpowder River, SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus uncertain; 51 mm SL (NCSM). formerly in Alburnops. Probably closely related to N. alborus, N. mekistocholas, and N. stramineus (Hubbs and Raney 1947. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 498: , 1-17; Snelson 1971. Copeia:449-62). Apparent closest relative is undescribed paleband shiner, now restricted to Little South Fork r Cumberland River, KY, and extirpated from lower Clinch River system, TN. South- R~. ern subspecies, N. procne longiceps, diag- nosed by Raney (1947), of dubious status' (Snelson 1971). 1 h ~J DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Atlan- tic slope, above and below Fall Line, from Santedrainage, SC, north to Susquehanna and Delaware drainages, NY. Apparently localized in Peedee drainage, NC. Nominal southern form extends north into Roanoke drainage, VA. Nominate form occupies James drainage north; also known from Lake Ontario drainage, NY: one record from Catherine Creek, a Seneca Lake tributary, in 1927 (Greeley 1928. N.Y. State Cons. Dept., Suppl. 17th Annu. Rep.:84-107); one record from Lake Ontario at Fair Haven State Park, Cayuga Co. in 1951(E. C. Raney, Cornell Univ. 34592). Recently discovered in New River drainage, VA, between Claytor BIOLOGY: Food largely aquatic insects Lake and WV line. Inhabits warm, moderate and, particularly, algae (Breder and Craw- to low gradient, clear to often turbid, ford 1922. Zoologica 2:287-327). Spawns small streams to large rivers. Usually late spring and early summer. Lives two to occupies pools and slow runs with sand, three years, with some specimens maturing gravel, or rock bottom. Often common. at one year (Raney 1947). Compilers: R. E. Jenkins and D. S. Sorensen. ADULT SIZE: 30-60 mm SL. June 1979. 298 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES ' Notropis albeolus Jordan Order Cypriniformes White shiner Family Cyprinidae ' F TYPE LOCALITY: Roanoke River, near y Roanoke, VA (Jordan 1889. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. [1888) 8:97-173). SYSTEMATICS: Subgenus Lu Uw. Gilbert (1964. Bull. Fla. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 8:95- 194) reviewed systematics and determined that it was most closely related to N. cornet- vs. Populations in New and Roanoke river NC: Rockingham Co., Mayo drainages differ from those to south in usu- River, 65 mm SL (NCSM). ally having more slender and terete body. Menzel (1976. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 4:281- 93) and Buth (in press. Biochem. Syst. Ecol.) studied biochemical relationships. f ` Y '-I > ~ v J 1 c I l _ DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Upper ADULT SIZE: ca. 130 mm SL maximum. Cape Fear River drainage, NC, north to Roa- noke (including Chowan) River drainage, BIOLOGY: No definitive biological study VA and NC. Also in upper New River drain- published, but details of life history, food age, NC, VA, and WV, where possibly intro- habits, and reproductive behavior probably duced. Prefers clear to moderately turbid, very similar to those of N. cornutus. medium-sized streams containing riffles and flowing pools, with rubble or rubble-gravel substrate. Common. Compiler: C. R. Gilbert, August 1978. 220 ATLAS OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES