19950786 Ver 1_Natural System Technical Memo_19950728

BRUNSWICK COUNTY
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NO. 198 ON SR 1172
OVER ATLANTIC INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY
AT SUNSET BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA
FEDERAL AID PROJECT NO. BRS-1813(1)
STATE PROJECT N0.8.2230101
TIP NO. B-682
NATURAL SYSTEMS
TECHNfCAL MEM4RANQUM
Prepared For.
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PLANNING & ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
April 1995
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BRUNSWICK COUNTY
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NO. 198 ON S.R. 1172
OVER ATLANTIC INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY
AT SUNSET BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA
FEDERAL AID PROJECT NO. BRS-1813(1)
STATE PROJECT NO. 8.2230101
TIP NO. B-682
NATURAL SYSTEMS TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
PREPARED FOR:
PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PREPARED BY:
GREINER, INC.
APRIL 1995
COPYRIGHTo 1995 GREINER, INC.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pace
List of Tables iii
List of Figures iv
I. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Project Description 1
B. Alternatives 2
B.1 No-Build Alternative 2
B.2 Build Alternatives 2
C. Methodology 3
II. NATURAL RESOURCES 5
A. Physical Environment S
B. Biotic Communities 5
B.1 Upland Communities 10
B.2 Wetland/Surface Water Communities 12
B.3 Wildlife 15
B.3.1 Aquatic Communities 15
B.3.2 Terrestrial Communities 20
C. Water Resources 20
III. SPECIAL TOPICS 23
A. Protected Species 23
B. Unique Natural Areas 32
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 33
A. Biotic Communities 33
B. Water Resources 34
B.1 General Impacts 34
B.2 Specific Impacts 36
B.2.1 Alternative W1 (West Corridor High Level Fixed Bridge) 36
B.2.2 Alternative C1 (Center Corridor High Level Fixed Bridge) 38
B.2.3 Alternative C4 (Center Corridor Mid Level Bascule Bridge 38
C. Protected Species 39
D. Unique Natural Areas 44
V. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS AND COORDINATION 45
A. Federal Permits 45
B. State Permits 45
C. Federal Mitigation Requirements 46
D. Project Mitigation Measures 47
D.1 Avoidance 47
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
D.2 Minimization
D.3 Compensation
VI. REASONABLE AND FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix A -Study Alternatives
Appendix B -Alternative Profiles
Appendix C -Alternative Typical Sections
Appendix D -List of Identified Flora
Appendix E -List of Identified or Potentially Occurring Fauna
Appendix F -Agency Correspondence
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Pace
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title
1 Summary of Alternatives by Corridor and Type
2 Hydric Soils Found Within the Project Area
3 Potential Impact Acreage Within the Project Area
4 Dockside Tonnage and Dollar Value of Commercially
Caught Finfish and Shellfish Species
5 Marine Recreational Fishery Statistics Survey
6 Water Quality Monitoring Results (1983 - 1993)
7 Potential for Occurrence of Rare and Protected
Flora and Fauna
8 Potential Impact Acreage for the Three Reasonable and
Feasible Alternatives
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Pace
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17-18
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25-30
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Tltle
1 Project Location Map
2 Study Area Boundaries
3 Alternative Corridors
4 Project Area Floodplains
5 General Distribution of Waters of the U.S. Within
Project Area
6 Project Area Soils
7 Project Area Biotic Communities
8 Barrier Island Biotic Communities
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Follows
Page 1
Figure 1
Page 2
Page 5
Page 6
Figure S
Page 9
Figure 7

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I. INTRODUCTION
A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Sunset Beach Bridge Replacement project area lies in the southernmost corner of the state
and includes the Sunset Beach Bridge (Bridge No. 198 on S.R. 1172) over the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway, which connects the barrier island portion of the Town of Sunset Beach
with the mainland in Brunswick County, North Carolina (Figure 1). The study area
encompasses an area from N.C. 179, approximately 1,200 feet north of Shoreline Drive (East)
across the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, to S.R. 1172, approximately 2,200 feet south of the
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway including areas approximately 300 feet west and 600 feet east
of the existing structure. Also included in the study area is the barrier island located south of
the project area (Figure 2).
The ,Sunset Beach bridge was constructed around 1953. After substantial reconstruction in
1960, the bridge has been maintained by the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) since it re-opened in 1961. In 1994, the bridge was inspected and designated as
structurally deficient and functionally obsolete. Traffic on S.R. 1172 is frequently disrupted
by bridge openings for boat traffic on the Intracoastal Waterway. Waterway traffic, other than
commercial vessels, is often delayed waiting for scheduled once-per-hour bridge openings
during peak tourist season (April 1 through October 31) and on-demand bridge openings during
off-peak tourist season (November 1 through March 31).
The proposed improvements would replace the existing floating swing-span bridge. Both
bascule and fixed span bridge designs will be considered. Existing location and relocation
alternatives will also be compared with a no-build alternative.
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B. ALTERNATIVES
B.1 No-Build Alternative
The No-Build Alternative would consist of leaving the existing single-lane, steel-barge, swing
span draw bridge with wooden approach spans in place. The no-build alternative would
require periodic maintenance as necessary and/or repairs/replacement of the wooden structural
components. The latter would require complete shutdown of the facility for extended periods
over a long (4 to 6 months) period of time. Inspection of the bridge in February 1994 rated the
present condition as poor. The sufficiency rating was 4.0 on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 being
perfect condition. It was designated as being both structurally deficient and functionally
obsolete. Therefore, the "no-build" alternative could be considered impractical, as the bridge
' provides the only access to the island.
B.2 Build Alternatives
The preliminary alternatives developed for this study consist of a combination of bridge types
(fixed span and bascule) located on three corridors, existing location (center corridor), and
relocation alternatives located east and west of the existing location (east and west corridors)
(Figure 3). The existing location alternatives utilize the right-of-way of S.R. 1172 and N.C. 179
as much as possible. A high-level fixed span and slow-level bascule are designated as
Alternatives C1 and C2. A rehabilitation of the existing structure is designated as Alternative
C3 and amedium-level basculc is designated as Alternative C4.
West-side relocation alternatives utilize a corridor approximately 300 feet west of the existing
structure. A high-level fixed span, amedium-level bascule, and slow-level bascule arc under
consideration. These alternatives are designated as Alternatives W1, W2, and W3, respectively.
2

East-side relocation alternatives are approximately 400 feet east of existing S.R. 1172 and
behind the commercial development fronting on S.R. 1172 and N.C. 179. A high-level fixed
span, amedium-level bascule, and slow-level bascule are designated as Alternatives E1, E2,
' and E3, respectively. Additional alternatives include a tunnel (T1) and ferry service (F1). All
alternatives are summarized in Table 1.
All of the proposed construction alternatives involve impacts to the natural environment. The
' study alternatives under evaluation and their proposed profiles and typical sections are
' presented in Appendix A, B, and C, respectively. Details on the selection of these alternatives
are presented in the Alternatives Analysis Technical Memorandum.
C. METHODOLOGY
Greiner, Inc., on behalf of the North Carolina Department of Transportation, has prepared the
Natural Resources Technical Memorandum for the replacement of Bridge No. 198 on S.R. 1172
over the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at Sunset Beach, North Carolina. The Technical
Memorandum provides a detailed description of the natural resources in the study area, the
' research methodology and results of the study. An analysis of each alternative and the related
impacts is also provided. Additionally, secondary impacts are discussed.
The various methods utilized to obtain the information in the Technical Memorandum include:
a review of aerial photographs, soil surveys, and topographic maps; site reviews; personal
I communications with federal, state, and local agency personnel; and a compilation of numerous
journal articles and published literature. Further details of the research methodology and
' findings are contained in their respective sections of this memorandum.
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TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES BY CORRIDOR AND TYPE
Brunswick County, North Carolina

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Designation
No, oI
Lanes

Corridor
'
Type Intercoastal Waterway
Approximate'Vertical
Clearances.
C 1 2 Inplace Fixed Span 65'
C2 2 Inplace Low-Level Bascule 15'
C3 1 Inplace Pontoon 0'
C4 2 Inplace Mid-Level Bascule 30'
Wl 2 West Fixed Span 65'
W2 2 West Mid-Level Bascule 30'
W3 2 West Low-Level Bascule 1 S'
E1 2 East Fixed Span 65'
E2 2 East Mid-Level Bascule 30'
E3 2 East Low-Level Bascule 15'
Fl N/A East Ferry N/A
T1 2 East Tunnel Submerged

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II. NATURAL RESOURCES
A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Brunswick County is located along the southern boundary of the Tidewater Region of the
Coastal Plain. The topography is characterized by relatively flat plain, which slopes gently
southeastward and is broken by low escarpments adjacent to stream valleys. Elevations in this
area typically range from 20 to 25 feet.
Annual precipitation is distributed almost evenly throughout the year and averages
approximately 54.8 inches. During the months of April through September, 60 percent of the
total annual precipitation falls. The temperature average is 47 degrees Fahrenheit in the
winter, with the average daily minimum temperature of 37 degrees Fahrenheit. In the summer,
the average temperature is 78 degrees Fahrenheit, and the average daily maximum temperature
is 86 degrees Fahrenheit.
The project does not involve a regulatory floodway and no significant changes in existing flood
heights or floodplain- limits are anticipated as a result of constructing the proposed project.
Those areas of the project which are adjacent to or over the Intracoastal Waterway will be
within the 100-year flood boundary (Figure 4). Inclusion of systematic hydrological and flood
studies will be incorporated into the project's final design and environmental permitting phases
to ensure that encroachment into the floodplain will not increase the risk of flooding in the
project area or other areas.
B. BIOTIC COMMUNITIES
This technical memorandum describes the general biotic communities and wildlife habitat
found within the study area (i.e., project area and the Sunset Beach barrier island). A
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discussion of the potential for the presence of threatened or endangered species and unique,
unusual, or otherwise important features is also provided. Additionally, discussion of the
affected environment and the secondary impacts on each system is included.
On October 13 and 14, 1993, representatives from Greiner, Inc. conducted a field survey of the
study area. Prior to the field survey, all anticipated wetland boundaries which occur within
the study area were identified by review of National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps, SCS Soil
Surveys, U.S.G.S. topographical maps, and aerial photographic interpretation. Wetlands in the
field were identified utilizing the three parameter approach, as outlined in the 1987 F r 1
Manual for Identifvin¢ and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands. The three parameters
analyzed were vegetation, soils, and hydrology. The wetland and upland systems within the
study area were classified according to the "Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina, Third Approximation" (Schafale and Weakley, 1990). Figure 5 provides a
general distribution of wetlands/surface waters within the project area.
Vegetation was analyzed for species composition. If any area (under normal circumstances)
had greater than SO percent hydrophytic vegetation (OBL, FACW, or FAC species), the
vegetation parameter was assumed to be met. Wetland hydrological characteristics observed
include the presence of water, oxidized root channels, soil saturation, water marks, drift lines,
sediment deposition, and morphological plant adaptations such as shallow root systems, multiple
tree trunks, and adventitious roots. A detailed description of the wetland/surface water
communities found within the study area is included in Section II.B.2, below.
A small number of soil samples were taken in the field and compared with a Munsell Soil Chart
to determine soil color. Hydric soil indicators include low matrix chroma and the presence of
mottles, histic epipedons, and sulfidic material. The soils inspected were generally dark gray
and/or brown fine sands, silty clay loam, and sandy dredge spoil (see Figure 6 for soils located
within the project area). Two hydric soils found within the project area include Leon fine sand
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NORTH CAROLINA
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and Bohicket silty clay loam. These soils are poorly drained with high water tables at or near
the surface for relatively long durations (USDA, 1986). Table 2 describes the hydric soils
found within the project area.
Consultation with the U. S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC), and the North Carolina Natural
Heritage Program (NCNHP) has indicated that there is the potential for federal and/or state-
listed endangered or threatened plant and animal species to occur within the study area. A
review of published literature provided a basis for the evaluation of potential primary and
secondary impacts to species within the study area and is discussed in Section III.A and IV.C,
below.
Waters of the United States, which include surface water and wetland communities, comprisc
57 percent of the project area, while upland communities (including man-dominated areas)
comprisc approximately 43 percent of the area. A barrier island community south of the
Intracoastal Waterway falls outside the limits of the project and is not included in the
quantification of impacts. However, it is included in the study area due to the potential for
secondary impacts to the natural environment.
An extensive salt marsh is located between the Intracoastal Waterway and the barrier island
community of Sunset Beach. On the mainland, much of the area's historic upland habitats have
been developed. The remaining undeveloped uplands are comprised largely of a remnant
coastal fringe evergreen forest. Table 3 identifies the potential impact acreage to existing
biotic and man-dominated communities within each of the eleven preliminary alternatives.
three alternative corridors (project area) and barrier island (see Figures 7 and 8). The
The following sections contain brief descriptions of the community types found within the
7

TABLE 2
HYDRIC SOILS FOUND WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA
Brunswick County, North Carolina

1

Map Unit Symbol 'Map Unlt .Name '.'.Soil Description
Lo Leon fine sand Nearly level, poorly drained soil.
The seasonal highwater table is at or
near the surface in interstream areas
and depressions in undulating areas.
BO Bohicket silty clay loam Nearly level, very poorly drained
soil. The water table fluctuates with
the rise and fall of the daily tides on
tidal flats.
~ .

TABLE 3
POTENTIAL IMPACT ACREAGE* 11ITHIN THE PROJECT AREA
BrunsNick County, North Carolina

Nigh Leval La+ LeveE Mid Level Migh>Level Mid Level Law Level .Nigh level hid level Low Level
fixed Bascule.' Bascule Fixed Bascule Bascule '>;Fixed Bascule Bascule Ferry Tumel
'' Matw-at' kesarces C1 C2 >' C4 ~; £1 '' F2 Q > W1 W2 Iti 1~1 T7
Salt Marsh (Ac.) 1.9"* 0.5** 0.T** 0.8** 0.8** 0.7** 0.3** 0.4** 0.3** 1.6** 0.5**
Surface Water (Ac.)
Salt 0.8 0.5 0.5 2.3 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.8
Fresh -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.3 -- -- -- --
Coastal Fringe Evergreen
Forest (Ac.) 1.5 -- 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9
Nonriverine Wet
Hardwood Forest (Ac.) 0.2 -• -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Salt Shrub (Ac.) -- -- -- -- 0.2 0.2 -- -- -- -- --
Man-Dominated Area (Ac.) 4.6 0.8 1.0 2.1 0.4 0.3 3.1 1.1 1.1 0.3 4.2
Total Acreage 9.0"* 1.8** 2.5** 5.8** 2.6** 2.6** 5.9*' 3.5** 3.3** 3.6** 7.4**
Total Acreage
(less sjan-do~ineted) 4.4** 1.0** 1.5** 3.7** 2.2"* 2.3** 2.a** 2.4** 2.2** 3.3** 3.2"*
* Acreage was calculated based on the typical sections and preliminary plan views for each alternative.
** Shading impacts were calculated based on the width(s) of the proposed bridge alternatives.

~~~~~~~~'ilhu~' gli~i~i i,
~~ ~oi~i I I: II Ik
1 I IVI II 4a "~.`.

LEGEND
UPPER BEACH
LOWER BEACH
® SALT MARSH
DUNE GRASS
SCALE: 1 "=1100" ~ MARITIME SHRUB
{APPROX.)

1

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1
habitat descriptions include the typical plant communities and wildlife found in and adjacent
to the project area (see Appendix D and E for a list of identified flora and identified or
potentially occurring fauna). The wetland community descriptions include the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service Classification in accordance with the "Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States." (Cowardin, et.al., 1979).
B.1 Unland Communities
Proiect Area
Coastal Fringe Evergreen Forest -The coastal fringe evergreen forest is generally a mesic forest
located on flat to low hills near the mainland coast. The canopy is dominated by loblolly pine
(Pinus taeda), live oak (Ouercus vir¢iniana), and laurel oak (Q laurifolia). Subdominants
include southern red oak (Q. falcata), pignut hickory (Carva Alabra), water oak (Q. niara), and
longleaf pine (j'. °alustris). The understory is dominated by yaupon holl
y (~ vomitoria),
sassafras (Sassafras albidum), and red bay (Persea r i Common associates identified
include wax myrtle (Mvrica rif r ,red cedar (Juninerus vir¢iniana), red maple (Ater
rubrum , sweetgum (Liauidambar stvraciflua), and sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana).
Ground cover is sparse and low in diversity. However, a few vines such as green brier ( mil x
sp.) and wild grape (Vitis sp.) were observed.
At the northern end of the proposed project, woody successional species have established in
areas that have been recently cleared. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), dog fennel
(Eunatorium spp.), elderberry (Sambucu~ canadensis), various grapes, milkweeds (Ascleoias
spp.), brier, and various grasses and sedges (P~o spp. and erns were identified.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program has identified the coastal fringe evergreen
forest as a natural community (refer to Appendix F for Agency Correspondence, dated
10

1
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October 11, 1993). It supports a limited number of animals which include the eastern gray
squirrel ( ciur carolinensis), pileated woodpecker (Drvcoous it atus ,and eastern screech
owl (Q~i~ ~. The proposed alternative corridors contain impacts to this upland community
type but these impacts are limited in nature due to past habitat fragmentation from ongoing
development in the area. Alternative CI will impact 1.5 acres which is the largest acreage of
coastal fringe cvergreen forest impacted by any of the proposed project alternatives while
Alternative C2 will impact the least amount of coastal fringe evergreen forest (0 acres) (see
Table 3).
Barrier Island
The barrier island community of Sunset Beach falls outside the project limits. However, it has
been speculated that if the improvements occur, there could be secondary impacts to the barrier
island's natural environment (see Section IV). Therefore, a description of the natural upland
communities located on the barrier island are provided below.
Upper Beach -The upper beach community occurs oceanward of the primary dunes. It is
frequently inundated by high spring tides and storm tides. According to levels of disturbance,
it is sparsely vegetated with beach morning glory (Ioomoea im°erati), seashore purslane
(Sesuvium nortulacastrum), and bitter panicum (Panicum r m . This community has the
ability to quickly succeed to the dune grass community if protected from severe disturbance.
Dune Grass -The dune grass community is found landward from the upper beach community.
Excessively drained sandy soils with generally high amounts of salt spray support the primary
dune community which is dominated by sea oats (Uniola naniculata), saltmeadow cordgrass
(Snartina °atens), and seashore elder (~ imbricata). The sub-dominant species identified
include large leaf pennywort (Hvdrocotvle bonariensis), sandspur ( n hru tribuloides),
seashore paspalum (Pasnalum distichum), and broomsedge (Andronoaon sp.).
11

This community occurs on coarse shifting or recently stabilized sands. It is subject to blowing
sand and wind erosion from frequent storms. However, the particular sand binding vegetation
traps blowing sand and eventually stabilizes the dunes.
Maritime Shrub -Landward of the primary dunes is the maritime shrub community. It is
f typical of a secondary dune community and is comprised of a variety of species of groundcover
dominated by saltmeadow cordgrass, pennywort, and goldenrod ( 1So idaao spp.). The
subdominant species identified include dog fennel, foxtail grass ( ri m n ,and
broomsedge. Also, grapevine and brier were observed. Wax myrtle, false willow (Baccharis
anQUStifolia), and yaupon holly make up the dominant shrub species.
The Maritime shrub community has been known to become temporarily disturbed or
permanently converted to other community types by sand dune migration, erosion, and/or
increase in salt spray disturbance. Artificial dune building by snow fences and Christmas tree
barricades have led to the development of a continuous line of high dunes. This, in turn, has
' made the communities specific to the barrier island difficult to distinguish from one another.
t B.2 Wetland/Surface Water Communities
A limited variety of wetland community types, nonriverine wet hardwood forest, saltmarsh,
salt shrub, and surface waters (i.e., Intracoastal Waterway, tidal creeks, and ponds) are found
within the project area. Typically, they support a varied population of aquatic animals,
including oysters, shrimp, over 75 species of fish, and numerous aquatic birds such as ducks,
geese, herons, egrets, woodstorks, and other wading birds. All of the proposed alternative
corridors contain impacts to these communities. Below is a discussion of the wetland/surface
water communities found within the project area and barrier island, their classification,
acreage of impacts, and identified plant species.
12

Project Area
Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Forest -The nonriverine wet hardwood forest is dominated by
Carolina willow (Salix caroliniana), loblolly pine, tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulinifera), and
sweetgum. Wax myrtle was identified as the dominant shrub. The USFWS classification for
r this wetland type is PFO 1 C (Palustrine, Forested, Broad-Leaved Deciduous, Seasonally Flooded).
Alternative C1, the only alternative which will impact this small community, will impact 0.2
acres (see Table 3).
I
Salt Marsh -Extensive estuarine wetlands (marshes) dominated by smooth cordgrass ( r in
alterniflora) are located in the intertidal areas between the barrier island and the mainland,
and east and west of the present causeway. The USFWS classification for this wetland type is
E2EM1N (Estuarine, Intertidal, Emergent, Persistent, Regularly Flooded). All alternatives,
with the exception of the no-build, will impact this community type. Alternative C1 will
impact 1.9 acres, which is the largest acreage of salt marsh impacted by any of the proposed
project alternatives while Alternative W1 and W3 will impact the least amount of salt marsh
(0.3 acres) (sec Table 3).
Salt Shrub - In areas east and west of S.R. 1172 and south of the Intracoastal Waterway are
dredged-spoil piles. These upland margins are intermittently flooded or saturated. The
vegetative components are dominated by marsh elder (~ frutesens), groundsel tree (Baccharis
halimifolia), wax myrtle, and seaside oxeye (Borrichia frutescens). The USFWS classification
for this wetland type is E2EM1P (Estuarine, Intertidal, Emergent, Persistent, Irregularly
Flooded). Alternatives E2 and E3, the only alternatives which will impact this community, will
impact 0.2 acres (see Table 3).

Surface Waters -This classification applies to the Intracoastal Waterway, numerous tidal
creeks, and one excavated pond:
I 13

• Salt Water -The USFWS classification for saltwater systems located within the
Intracoastal Waterway are ElUB (Estuarine, Subtidal, Unconsolidated Bottom)
and E2USN (Estuarine, Intertidal, Unconsolidated Shore, Regularly Flooded).
These areas are utilized for recreation including boating and fishing. Alternative
EI will impact 2.3 acres, which is the largest acreage of surface waters (salt)
impacted by any of the proposed project alternatives while Alternative Fl will
impact the least amount of surface waters (salt) (0.4 acres) (see Table 3).
• Fresh Water - An excavated pond is located in a former coastal fringe evergreen
forest .that has been developed into a golfcourse. It is dominated by cattail
(Tvnha sp.) on the outer edge. The USFWS classification for this system is
PEM1Fh (Palustrine, Emergent, Persistent, Semi-Permanently Flooded
Diked/Impoundment). Alternative W 1, the only alternative which will impact this
community, will impact 0.3 acres (see Table 3).
All eleven of the alternatives have impacts to surface water areas with Alternative W1
impacting both saltwater areas (1.2 acres) and freshwater areas (0.3 acres). Alternative E 1 will
impact 2.3 acres, which is the largest acreage of surface water areas impacted by any of the
proposed project alternatives while Alternative F1 will impact the least amount of surface
waters (0.4 acres) (see Table 3). However, most of these impacts are not from fill but from
bridge structure and, therefore, minimal in comparison to fill impacts.
Barrier Island
I As discussed previously, the barrier island community of Sunset Beach falls outside the ro'ect
p J
1 limits. However, it has been speculated that if the improvements occur, there could be
secondary impacts to the natural environment of the island. Therefore, descriptions of the
natural wetland communities located on the barrier island are provided below.
Lower Beach -Seaward of the upper beach community is the lower beach communit The
y
USFWS classification for this area is M2USN (Marine, Intertidal, Unconsolidated Shore,
Regularly Flooded). It is regularly inundated and supports a diversity of invertebrate animals,
but no vascular plants. On Sunset Beach, this community can be found in the intertidal zone
on the ocean side.
14

Salt Marsh -Estuarine wetlands dominated by smooth cordgrass are located in the intertidal
areas on the landward side of the barrier island. The USFWS classification for this wetland
is E2EM1N (Estuarine, Intertidal, Emergent, Persistent, Regularly Flooded).
B.3 Wildlife
i
B.3.1 Aquatic Communities
Invertebrates
The Intracoastal Waterway, sounds, and creeks around Sunset Beach support a wide variety of
invertebrates commonly found in warm bodies of water. Invertebrates which typically inhabit
this area include hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), blue crabs (Callinectes spp.), oyster
(Crassostrea virQinica), and various shrimp. A detailed macro-invertebrate survey was not
conducted for this project, however, a list of species that occur in Brunswick County was
obtained from the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and National Resources,
Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF) and is provided in Apppendix E.
Fisheries Resources
Commercial Fisheries -Commercial fishing is a vital part of the economics of Brunswick
County. The Intracoastal Waterway, sounds, and creeks around Sunset Beach support a large
variety of commercial fish species including grouper (Eoinenhel~ spp. and Mvcterooerca spp.)
and snapper (Lut ianus spp. and Ocvurus spp.), as well as shellfish species including shrimp, blue
crab, oysters, and clams. Also, it is likely the small creeks and sounds provide foraging and
spawning habitat for a number of commercially important finfish

.,
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i
The salt marsh areas along the causeway to Sunset Beach (S.R. 1172) and the Intracoastal
Waterway have been designated as "primary nursery areas" by the NCDMF. The regulations
prohibit the use of bottom disturbing gears and restricts activities which may disturb the
bottom. The proposed bridge replacement at Sunset Beach is in an area designated as a primary
nursery area. In addition, a majority of the area in the vicinity of Sunset Beach is closed to
shellfish harvesting due to elevated fecal coliform bacteria levels.
;, The Commercial Fisheries Landings Statistics for Brunswick County have been obtained from
the NCDMF for the years 1983 to 1993 and is presented in Table 4. The data is in the form of
landings and reflects both weight and value.
f
In summary, the data reveals aeleven-year annual average total catch of approximately
2,327,343 pounds. Economically, this has provided an annual payment of over x1,553,420 for
finfish landings and x1,958,605 for shellfish landings.
Recreational Fisheries -Recreational fishing data for the Sunset Beach area is limited.
However, a list of species and frequency of occurrence was obtained from the NCDMF. The
information was compiled from interviews with recreational fisherman on the shore in
Brunswick County during the year 1993 and is provided in Table 5.
A majority of the target species of recreational fisherman are also targeted by commercial
fisherman and include bluefish (Pomatomus 1 riz ,spotted seatrout (Cvnoscion nebulosus),
flounder (Paralichthvs spp.), kingfishes (Menticirrhus spp.), and mackerel (Scomberomorus
spp.). Sheepshead (Archosar¢us vrobatocenhalus) are also pursued by recreational fisherman.
r

16

a

TABLE 4
DOCKSIDE TONNAGE AND DOLLAR VALUE OF COMMERCIALLY
CAUGHT FINFISH AND SHELLFISH SPECIES FROM 1983 TO 1993
Brunswick County, North Carolina

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Year Weight (Lbs.) Yalue ($?
1983
Finf ish 1,029,568 791,565
Shellfish 1,504,276 2,840,473
Total 2,533,844 3,632,038
1984
Finfish 938,277 1,026,819
Shellfish 1,423,833 2,668,776
Total 2,362,110 3,695,595
1985
Finf ish 1,035,052 1,254,111
Shellfish 819,479 1,181,109
Total 1,854,531 2,435,220
1986
Finfish 1,269,153 1,496,691
Shellfish 839,838 1,813,208
Total 2,108,991 3,309,899
1987
Finfish 1,268,317 1,543,768
Shellfish 675,369 1,514,588
Total 1,943,686 3,058,356
1988
Finfish 1,324,622 1,743,714
Shellfish 725,604 1,372,719
Total 2,050,226 3,116,433
1989
Finfish 1,332,161 1,716,265
Shellfish 1,075,085 2,197,841
Total 2,407,246 3,914,106
17

i
i TABLE 4
DOCKSIDE TONNAGE AND DOLLAR VALUE OF COMMERCIALLY
CAUGHT FINFISH AND SHELLFISH SPECIES FROM 1983 TO 1993
Brunswick County, North Carolina
(Continued)

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Year '.Weight (L6s<) Value ($)'
1990
Finfish 1,872,195 2,387,729
Shellfish 1,122,340 2,206,966
Total 2,994,535 4,594,695
1991
Finfish 1,671,253 2,080,800
Shellfish 981,900 1,722,078
Total 2,653,153 3,802,878
1992
Finfish 1,339,046 1,531,110
Shellfish 956,924 1,974,799
Total 2,295,970 3,505,420
1993
Finfish 1,253,163 1,515,047
Shellfish 1,143,316 2,052,096
Total 2,396,479 3,567,143
Average 1983 - 1993
Finfish 1,302,983 1,553,420
Shellfish 1,024,360 1,958,605
Total 2,327,343 3,512,025
18

TABLE 5
MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERY STATISTICS SURVEY - 1993
TARGET SPECIES OF RECREATIONAL FISHERMAN
Brunswick County, North Carolina

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``Species
frequency
Percent Cumulative
`»Frequency Cumulative
''Percent'
Bluefish 10 11.8 10 11.8
Sheepshead 4 4.7 14 16.5
Spotted Seatrout 5 5.9 19 22.4
Spot 39 45.9 58 68.2
Banded Drum 1 1.2 59 69.4
Kingf fishes 1 1.2 60 70.6
King Mackerel 15 17.6 75 88.2
Spanish Mackerel 5 5.9 80 94.1
Flounders, Paral 5 5.9 85 100.0
19

B.3.2 Terrestrial Communities
Wildlife observations were conducted in conjunction with the investigation of biotic
communities. Additionally, a list of wildlife species known or expected to occur in Brunswick
County, North Carolina was obtained from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
and is included in Appendix F.
The forest communities, coastal fringe evergreen forest and nonriverine wet hardwood forest,
located on the mainland support limited populations of wildlife due to the dominance of man
and habitat fragmentation. However, the extensive salt marsh, salt shrub, and surface water
communities located within the project area support numerous mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians, and a variety of invertebrate species.
C. WATER RESOURCES
~.
The project crosses the Intracoastal Waterway in Brunswick County, North Carolina. The
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources (DEHNR) -
' Division of Water Management Section assigns classifications to waters. The waters in the
project location are classified as Tidal Salt Waters Class SA: shellfishing for market purposes,
primary recreation, aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, and secondary
recreation. However, the Division of Marine Fisheries has closed the area to harvesting due
to elevated fecal coliform bacteria levels. The DEHNR has a sampling program that monitors
water quality (see Table 6). Data was retrieved for the station on the Intracoastal Waterway
near Sunset Beach for the period of 1983 to 1993. During this period, excessive levels of
Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Mercury, and Total Fecal coliform were present.
Detailed monitoring was reduced in 1987, thereby negating the possibility of monitoring
improvements in water quality for Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, and
20

j Mercury parameters. The total chloride parameter fluctuates in excess of standards for coastal
waters which may be a result of strong tides and freshwater inflows from rainfall runoff.
From the review of the water quality monitoring results, it appears that the surface waters are
inappropriately classified as Class SA. The total fecal coliform levels have reached human
health limits and chronic toxicity levels have persisted. Due to the elimination of portions of
the sampling program, we are unable to review the data to see if the waters are reaching the
Class SA standards. For planning purposes, we will assume that the surface waters will reach
the Class SA standards and recommend the protection associated with this classification of
tidal surface waters.
Tidal surface waters classified as Class SA carry a supplemental classification of High Quality
Waters (HQW) by the state of North Carolina. These waters are protected by an
Antidegradation Policy enforced through the DEHNR. Protection methods as established by
the NC Sedimentation Control Commission arc required for this project. An Erosion and
Sedimentation Control Plan for the one inch design storm will be required for construction of
abridge replacement (15A NCAC 2B .0200).
The Intracoastal Waterway at the S.R. l 172 location is a dredged channel. The existing bridge
blocks boat traffic in its closed position and only allow boat passage on a restricted schedule.
An additional dredged canal named the Big Narrows is located adjacent to S.R. 1172. The
remainder of the area consists generally of salt marshes with shallow flushing channels and
streams. Some residences along the mainland side of the Intracoastal Waterway have docks
extending to the waterway. The Intracoastal Waterway in this location provides both
recreation and a commerce route for commercial fisherman in the area.
Freshwater resources are limited in th r Bin
e a ea. e g a coastal barrier island, freshwater lenses
beneath the island arc susceptible to contamination by saltwater intrusion. Therefore,
22

freshwater is provided by the Brunswick County water supply system. Wild and Scenic Waters,
as classified by the state, are not present near the S.R. 1172 bridge. Impact to local wells are
not significant, since the area is supplied by a municipal water system.
Flooding at Sunset Beach is associated with tropical storms and hurricanes. Freshwater
flooding is not significant due to the limited drainage areas and large outfall available to the
Atlantic Ocean. The tidal surges created by hurricanes are estimated by FEMA to reach an
elevation of 15.2 feet, NGVD. At this elevation, the S.R. 1172 bridge and the island area it
serves are inundated.
S.R. 1172 does not have a stormwater management system that utilizes treatment and
attenuation. Runoff from the paved surfaces is allowed to directly enter the Intracoastal
Waterway.
III. SPECIAL TOPICS
A. PROTECTED SPECIES
In accordance with Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 as amended, the project
area and barrier island were evaluated for the potential for occurrences of federal and state-
listed threatened and endangered species. Informal consultation was conducted with the U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP)
requesting their identification of threatened and endangered species which may occur within
the study area.
The USFWS provided a list of threatened and endangered species for Brunswick County. An
additional list of "candidate" species was also provided. However, until a candidate species is
formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered, it is not legally protected under the
23

Act. The NCNHP provided a list of elements (rare species, natural communities, and special
animal habitat) known to occur or formerly occur on three USGS quadmaps on which the
project is located (Calabash, Little River, and Shallotte, North Carolina). Additional
correspondence received from the NCNHP identified thirteen rare species known to occur
within athree-mile radius of the Sunset Beach Bridge (see Appendix F).
Table 7 lists the rare and protected species potentially occurring in the study area, their
classification status, their habitat preference, and habitat availability within the study area.
The basis for this table includes the occurrence of various habitats, sightings of the species in
the field and or si ns of s ecies calls scats etc.. Onl naturals stems were considered as
/ 8 p ( ) Y Y
providing potential habitat due to the highly altered character of man-dominated areas in the
project's vicinity.
Plants
One federally threatened species, seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus umilu was found within
the study area. The following is a brief description of the preferred habitat and location of
the occurrence
• Federal-Listed Threatened Species
The seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus it is afederal-listed threatened
species. This species' preferred habitat includes ocean beaches, dunes, and island
end flats. This habitat is located on the Sunset Beach barrier island outside the
project limits, but within the study area. This species was found in the eastern
section of the barrier island.

1
24

TABLE 7
POTENTIAL FOR OCCIIRRENCE OF RARE AND PROTECTED FLORA AND FAIINA
BIINBET BEACH BRIDGE REPLACEMENT STIIDY AREA
Brunisaick county, North Carolina
N
Designeted;Siatua ' '_ .:....... ; >:..:..:

Probability of Occurrence
and Nabitbt Availability Nabit(It Ctassi~ication

...Specie:'.
.federal
:;:State ,.
;.habitat"Preference..; ....:.
'. itithin the Study Ares'
On-Site
PLANTS
Rough-leaved loosestrife E E Pocosins Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Lvsimachia asoerulaefolia) not present within study area.
Cooley's meadowrue E E Savames Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Thalictrum c leyi) not present within study area.
Seabeach amaranth T T Ocean beaches and island end High: Present within study Upper beech and dune grass
(Amaranthus aunilus) flats area.
Caroline grass of pernassus C2 E Wet savannas Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Parnassia caroliniana) not present within study Brea.
Pineland plantain C2 E Wet savemes Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Plantago sparsiflora) not present within study area.
Spring-flowering goldenrod C2 E Savannas, pocosins, and pine Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Solida9o verna) barrens not present within study area.
Savanna leadplant C2 T Wet savames Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Amor a geor9iana confuse not present within study area.
Chapmen's sedge C2 T Dry, sandy woodland areas Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Carex chapmanii) not available within study
area.
Harper's fringe rush C2 T Moist and sandy soils Moderate: Multiple communities Coastal fringe evergreen
(Fimbristvlis perpusilla) present within study area. forest, dune grass, maritime
shrub
Loose watermilfoil C2 T Sinks and pools Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(MVrioohvllum laxum) not present within study area.

TABLE 7 '
POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF RARE AND PROTECTED FLORA AND FAUNA
SUNSET BEACH BRIDGE REPLACEMENT BTIIDY AREA
Brunswick county, Nortb Carolina
(Continued)
N
O~
Desi tad rStatus ,
Probability of Occurrence

s and i~abitet Aviailability Nabitst Clessi~itation
Specie Federal Slate Habitat Preference Yithin the Study Area On-Size
Awned meadowbeauty C2* T Clay-based Caroline bays Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Rhexie aristosa) not present within study Brea.
Sun-facing coneflower C2 T Moist pine flatwoods and Moderate: Multiple communities Coastal fringe evergreen
(Rudbeckia helioosidis) woodland borders present within project area. forest, nonriverine wet
hardwood forest
Wireleaf dropseed C2 T Wet savamas Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Sporabolus teretifolius) not present within study area.
Venus flytrap C2 C-SC Savamas, seepage bogs, Moderate: Multiple communities Coastal fringe evergreen
( ionaea muscioula) pocasin edges present within project area. forest, nonriverine wet
hardwood forest
Honeycomb head C2 C Edge of bottomland woods low: Single community present Nonriverine wet hardwood
(Balduina atroouraurea) within project area. forest
Carolina bogmint C2 C Blackwater swamps, Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Macbridea caroliniane) savama/pocosin ecotones not present within study area.
Savanna cowbane C2 C Savames and open margins of Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(oxvoolis ternata) bogs end pocossins not present within study area.
Thorne's beaked rush C2 C Long leaf pine savamas Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Rhvnchosoora thornei) not present within study area.
Caroline goldenrod C2 C Pine barrens, ssvamas, Low: Single community present Coastal fringe evergreen
(Solida~o pulchra) sarxihill ecotones, and wet within project area. forest
meadows
Caroline asphodel C2 C Wet savamas Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Tofieldia lg abra) not present within study area.

~ ~ r r ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~r ~w ~ ~s +rr rr
TABLE 7
POTENTIAL FOR OCCDRRENCE OF RARE AND PROTECTED FLORA AND FAIINA
SQNBET BEACH BRIDGE REPLACEMENT BTODY AREA
Hruns~iok County, North Carolina
(Continued)
N

Desi tad Status'' __ __
Probebi[ity of Occurrenc!

` and Nabitei Avsilabillty Nebitst Cleasi~icetion
Species Federal State Hab#tat Preference W thin the Study Area> 4i-Site
Dune blue curls C2 C Dunes, openings in maritime Moderate: Multiple communities Dune grass, maritime shrub
(Trichostema sp.) forest end scrub present within study area.
Pondspice C2 SR Pond end swamp margins and low low: Single community present Nonriverine wet hardwood
( itsea eestivalis) wet woodlands within project area. forest
Savama campylopus C2* --, Savamas end longleaf pine low: Single community present Coastal fringe evergreen
(Camavloaus carolinae) areas within project area. forest
Snowy orchid -- T Wet savames Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Platanthera Hives) not present within study area.
Hooker's milkwort -- C Savannas Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Polv9ala hookers) not present within study area.
Flaxleef gerardia -- SR Pine savamas and margining of Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Agalinis linifolia) freshwater marshes not present within study eree.
Savanna indian-plantain -- SR Wet pine flatwoods Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Arno9lossum ovetum) not present within study area.
Coralbean -- SR Open sandy woods and Moderate: Multiple communities Coastal fringe evergreen
(Ervthrina t~erbacea) clearings, maritime forests present within study area. forest, maritime shrub
Noundlily yucca -- SR Brackish marshes and moist Moderate: Multiple communities Salt marsh, salt shrub, dune
(yucca gloriosa) depressions in sand dunes present within study area. grass, maritime shrub
INVERTEBRATES
Magnificent ramshorn snail C2 E Ponds and lakes, especially Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Planorbella maanifica) "mill ponds~~ not present within study eree.

TABLE 7
POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF RARE AND PROTECTED FLORA AND FAUNA
SUNSET BEACH BRIDGE REPLACEMENT STIIDY AREA
Brunswick County, Nortb Carolina
(continued)
N
00
oesi red status ''
Probability of Occurrence
and Habitat Avsilebility Habitat Clessi~icetion
ies Federal _ .State >Habitat Preference _;:.:Yiihin>the Study Arne On-Site
Pyxie Bath C2 SR Sendl~ills Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(A rg otis buchholzi) not present within study Brea.
Rare skipper C2• SR Fresh to brackish marshes Low: Single community present Salt marsh
(Proble~me bulenta) within study area.
Cape Fear threetooth C2 -- Cypress swamps Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Tri is scelneri) not present within study area.
Knobbed whelk -- SR lower intertidal to subtidal Moderate: Multiple communities Surface water, self marsh
(Busvcon carica) zone; slung bey end ocean present within study area.
beaches
FISH
Shortnose sturgeon E E Brackish water of large rivers low: Single community present Surface water
(Acipenser brevirostrum) and estuaries; rarely in within study area.
freshwater rivers
Carolina pygmy sunfish C2 T Streams and canals in Waccamaw Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Elassoma bcehlkei) drainage not present within study Brea.
Marked goby -- SR Shallow salt or brackish water Moderate: Multiple communities Surface water, salt marsh
(Gobionellus stic~maticus) present within study area.
REPTILES
Leatherback sea turtle E E Nests on beaches and forages Moderate: Multiple communities Surface water, upper beach
(Dermochelvs coriacea) in oceans; rarely in sounds present within study area.
Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle E E Inhabits oceans end sounds low: Single community present Surface water
(Leaidochelvs kemuii) within study area.
loggerhead sea turtle T T Nests on beaches end forages Moderate: Multiple commxiities Surface water, upper beach
(Caretta caretta) in oceans and sounds present within study area.

TABLE 7
POTENTIAL FOR OCCORRENCE OF RARE AND PROTECTED FLORA AND FAIINA
80NSET BEACH BRIDGE REPLACEMENT STODY AREA
Brunswick County, North Carolina
(Continued)
N
~o
Desi ted,Status
Prabebility''of Occurrence

e and Habitat Availability Habitat Classification
Sp
cies Fede[al Stott HabitbtlPreference Within the Study; Area `°_ On-Site
Green sea turtle T T Nests on beaches and forages Moderate: Multiple communities Surface water, upper beach
(Chelonia as) in oceans and sounds present within study area.
American alligator -- T Inhabits freshwater swamps, Low: Single community present Surface water
(Alligator mississiooiensis) marshes, ponds, lakes, within study area. '
backwaters of lar a rivers
AMPHIBIANS
Carolina crawfish frog C2 SC Breeds in temporary fish-free Moderate: Multiple communities Surface water, coastal
(Rana areolata caplt0) pools, forages in sandy woods, present within study Brea. fringe evergreen forest
es cull ine-oak sandhills
BIRDS
Peregrine falcon E E Nests on cliffs and forages in Moderste: May occur es a fall Salt marsh, surface water

(Falco aeregrinus)
coastal ponds and mudflats
transient or winter resident. ,
upper beach
Bald eagle E E Coastal cress, rivers end Moderate: Multiple communities Coastal fringe evergreen
(Naliaeetus leucoceohalus) lakes present within study area. forest, salt shrub, surface
water. salt marsh
Wood stork E E Marshes, swamps and lagoons High: Present within study Salt marsh, surface water

(MVCteria americans)
area. ,
upper beach
Red-cockaded woodpecker E E Breeds in mature open pine Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Picoides borealis) forests not present within the study
area.
Piping plover T T Ocean beaches and island-end Moderate: Multiple communities Upper beach and dune grass
(Charadrius melodus) flats (breeding evidence only) present within study eras.
Bachmen~s sparrow C2 SC Open pinewoods low: Si le cammunit is Coastal fri
nge evergreen
(Ai ila aestivalis) present within project area. forest
Henslow~s sparrow C2 SR Weedy fields Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Ammodramus henslowii) not present within study area.

r ~r ~ ~s rr ~ rs ~r r err ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ rr r~.
TABLE 7
POTENTIAL FOR OCCORRENCB OF RARE AND PROTECTED FLORA AND FAQNA
817N8ET BEACH BRIDGE REPLACEMENT STUDY AREA
Bruns rick County, North Carolina
(Continued)
w
0
Desi led Statue
Probability,'of Occurrence>
and Habitat Availability Nabitpt Glsssi~icetion
Species Federal State Habitat Pt^efei±ence.: Within the 5tudy;Area OrrSite
Anhinga -- SR Freshwater swamps and lakes low: Single community present Surface water
(Anhin9a nha in9a) within study area.
Common ground dove -- SR Dunes, sandy fields, margins Moderste: Multiple communities Upper beach, durx grass,
(Columbine passerine) of maritime woods end thickets present within study srea. maritime shrub, and salt
shrub
MAMMALS

Eastern cougar E E Inhabits remote areas and Marginal: It is considered to --
(Felis concolor couauar) requires extensive forested be extirpated from the State of
systems North Carolina and is highly
unlikely to be found in the
ro act area.
West Indian manatee E E inhabits warm waters of Marginal: It is unlikely that Surface water
(Trichechus manetus) estuaries and river mouths this species would migrate as
'
far north as the ro
ect.
Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew T T Mesic early successional sreas Marginal: Preferred habitat is --
(Sorex lonai_ row stria fishers) associated with the historic not present within the study
Dismal Sw area.
LEGEND:
Federal State
E = Endangered E =Endangered
T = Threatened T = Threatened
C2 = Candidate for listing SC = Special Concern
T S/A = Threatened due to similarity of appearance C =Candidate for listing
SR = Significantly Rare
Federal Status: Species listed as Endangered or Threatened are legally protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
* Indicates no specimen in et least 20 years from this county.
State Status: Plant species listed as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern are legally protected by stele law: Plant Protection end Conservation Act, 1979.
1North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Classification of the Natural Camnunities of North Carolina. Third Aaaroximation, 1990.

a
Fish

~.~~
The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser previrostrum) is afederal-listed endangered
species. It is a bottom dwelling, anadromous fish which frequents brackish water
of large rivers and estuaries. Although rare in numbers, the habitat within the
study area has the potential for supporting the shortnose sturgeon.
Four of the reptilian species that are federally listed as threatened or endangered may be found
within the study area.
• Federal-Listed Endangered Species
The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelvs ri is afederal-listed endangered
species. It is the largest of all marine turtles and has a wide range of occurrence.
It nests on beaches and its principal food source is jellyfish. Nesting habitat is
available on the Sunset Beach barrier island within the study area.
Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelvs ii is afederal-listed
endangered species. Mature species are restricted to the Gulf of Mexico, while
immature specimens have been collected along the North Atlantic coast. The
study area has the potential for habitat preferred by this species.
• Federal-Listed Threatened Species
The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is afederal-listed threatened species.
It can be found in temperate and subtropical waters worldwide. Loggerheads
have been observed nesting on the beaches of the barrier island at Sunset Beach.
The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and Non-Game and
Endangered Wildlife Program confirmed twelve nests in 1990, five nests in 1991,
and seven nests in 1992. A preliminary report for 1993 cites twelve nests to date.
All nests were found on the Oceanside of the barrier island.
The green sea turtle ( h 1 n' mvdas) is afederal-listed threatened species. It is
mainly a herbivore and migrates extensively to find feeding areas often distant
from nesting beaches. The study area contains an area suitable for nesting.
1
t
,.
~
• Federal-Listed Endangered Species

Birds

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Based on literature review and agency contacts, four of the five species of birds listed federally
as threatened or endangered and which may be found in Brunswick County, have the potential
to occur within the study area.
• Federal-Listed Endangered Species
The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is afederal-listed endangered species. It
nests on cliffs and forages in coastal ponds and mudflats. Although this species
rarely breeds in North Carolina, it may occur as a fall transient or winter
resident.
The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is afederal-listed endangered species.
It nests in mature forests near large bodies of water, often in mature pine trees.
Habitat is available within the study area, but no nests have been recorded.
The wood stork (Mvcteria americans) is afederal-listed endangered species. It
commonly resides along the coast in swamps, marshes, fresh and/or brackish
ponds, and mudflats. Habitat is available within the study area. Records indicate
that this species has been observed feeding within the study area tidal marshes.
• Federal-Listed Threatened Species
Mammals

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The piping plover (Charadrius melodus) is afederal-listed threatened species.
Plovers have been observed using the sand spit areas at the eastern and western
ends of the island for feeding, nesting, and wintering.
• Federal-Listed Endangered Species
The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatusl is afederal-listed endangered
species. It inhabits warm waters of estuaries and river mouths. It is unlikely that
this species would migrate as far north as the project area.
B. UNIQUE NATURAL AREAS
The NCNHP has identified nine natural communities which may exist in the vicinity of the
project. A list of these community types is provided below. Of these nine natural communities,
32

only two, the Coastal Fringe Evergreen Forest and Maritime Shrub Community, occurs within
the study area. Please refer to Section II.B, above, for a detailed description.
Calcareous Coastal Fringe Forest
Coastal Fringe Evergreen Forest
- Coastal Fringe Sandhill
Maritime Shrub
Maritime Wet Grassland
- Messic Pine Flatwoods
- Pine Savanna
Pond Pine Woodland
Wet Pine Flatwoods
IV. NV R N
The proposed Sunset Beach bridge replacement project will result in primary impacts to the
communities within the limits of construction and it has been suggested that the project may
impose secondary impacts to the communities within the project area and the barrier island
(study area). Primary impacts can be defined as direct impacts from dredge and fill activities.
Secondary impacts can be defined as man-induced impacts generated by such things as bridge
lighting and operational noise, increased vehicular traffic to the island, increased development
and lighting on the island, and increased pedestrian traffic on the beach.
A. BIOTIC COMMUNITIES
Biotic communities which would be primarily impacted by construction of a replacement
bridge and related new alignment are the coastal fringe evergreen forest, nonriverine wet
hardwood forest, salt marsh, salt shrub, and surface water areas. The coastal fringe evergreen
forest, a unique upland system largely fragmented by residential, recreational, and commercial
development, may be further impacted by removal of forested species and by additional habitat
fragmentation. The nonriverine wet hardwood forest is also disturbed and, therefore, would
be minimally impacted.
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The construction also may result in unavoidable destruction to a portion of the estuarine
communities (salt marsh, salt shrub, and surface water areas) by filling, dredging, and/or
shading. The extent of such destruction could be minimized by the use of structure rather than
fill and by the use of special construction methods. Unavoidable impacts could be offset by
mitigation within the project vicinity.
Construction of a replacement bridge will not result in primary impacts to the barrier island
communities (i.e., lower beach, upper beach, dune grass, maritime shrub, and salt marsh).
However, the potential for increased land use (commercial, residential, and/or recreational)
may secondarily result in man induced impacts to the biotic communities. For example,
research has shown that trampling of vegetation can cause considerable damage over time
(Povey and Keough, 1991). This, in turn, could have important indirect effects on the numbers
of size distribution of animals who may depend on the vegetation for nesting, foraging, and/or
cover. Vegetation also serves as a natural barrier against erosion, and thus the barrier island
is sensitive to any loss of vegetation.
B. WATER RESOURCES
B.1 GeneralImDacts
In general, all three (3) alternatives have similar impacts for the following:
• Mitigation of Water Quality Impacts;
• Emergency Evacuation Routes;
• General Appearance;
• Floodplains;
• Substrata Type;
• Channel Widths.
34

The construction of a replacement bridge may reduce the impact to water quality to the
Intracoastal Waterway and surface waters in the vicinity of the bridge. The proposed
alternatives would reduce the roadway and marine traffic delays by allowing traffic to pass
across and under the bridge on a less restrictive schedule or would provide continual passage
if a fixed span alternative is selected. This would eliminate idling causing site specific
impacts. This would be a secondary impact to the water quality of the nearby surface waters.
The water quality impacts due to roadway traffic and contaminant spills may be mitigated or
even improved from existing conditions by providing stormwater treatment since systems using
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are not currently provided by the existing bridge. The
replacement of the existing bridge, by itself, would maintain water quality impacts at their
present state. BMPs for the replacement bridge will need to be considered since the
surrounding surface waters have been classified as SA waters, High Quality Waters (HQW)
protected by the DEHNR.
The improved access across the Intracoastal Waterway, provided by a new bridge, would
provide a more efficient evacuation and emergency route for island residents. Flood plains
will not be impacted by the crossing. The proposed structure will perform hydraulically in a
1 manner equal to or greater than the existing structure, and backwater surface elevations are
not expected to increase. As a result, there will be no significant adverse impacts on natural
and beneficial flood plain values, there will be no significant change in flood risks, and there
will be no significant change in the potential for interruption or termination of emergency
service or emergency evacuation routes. Therefore, it has been determined that this
encroachment is not significant. The substrata within the alternatives' right-of-way are not
anticipated to experience adverse impacts due to the replacement of the existing bridge.
Flow rates and volumes for the Intracoastal Waterway arc tidally influenced and arc not
usually gauged as in riverine systems. The bridge alternatives will not adversely impact their
hydraulic characteristics since they will span more of the Intracoastal waterway than the
35

existing bridge and provide less resistance to flow through the crossing. The Intracoastal
navigation channel widths will not be altered from the existing maintained widths for the
alternative designs.

B.2 Specific Impacts
Specific impacts associated with the different alternatives are as follows:
• Length of Impacts;
• Flushing and Drainage Characteristics;
• Scour Potential.
All three (3) bridge relocation alternatives utilize the same relative alignment (bridge
approaches) within the floodplain present in the existing conditions. The length of impacts
to the waterways and their resistance to the flow will cause changes in the flushing and
drainage characteristics of the local waterways and channels. The proposed bridges will span
a greater portion of the waterway, therefore, relieving the existing constriction placed upon
it by the existing bridge.
B.2.1 Alternative Wl (West Corridor High Level Fixed Bridge)
Alternative Wl proposes to build a replacement bridge to the west of the current bridge
alignment. The replacement bridge will be 2,418 feet in length and have a vertical clearance
of 65 feet at the center span. The current channel width of 90 feet shall be maintained in the
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. This alternative significantly encroaches into the Big Narrows
channel at its southeast shore at the Intracoastal Waterway and then crosses the Intracoastal
1 Waterway to the mainland. This design will lessen the constriction to flow that the current
bridge places on the Intracoastal Waterway. The flushing characteristics of the Intracoastal
36

and secondary channels in the vicinity of the bridge may be improved as a result of the
reduced resistance to flow.
This alternative also proposes to realign the Big Narrows channel to the west of the alternative
bridge alignment. Currently, this waterway (which is straight and parallel to the roadway) is
said to be self-flushing and provides boat access for residents using the waterways. The
proposed realignment of the channel may cause a long term decline in the flushing capability
of the Big Narrows and would thereby effect the drainage of the surrounding salt marshes and
upland areas. Additionally, the proposed bridge alignment is located parallel and within the
Big Narrows channel. Increased water stages from tidal storm surges or freshwater floods
could cause the proposed channel to migrate back to its original location. In this situation, the
alignment of the proposed bridge might cause a major constriction to the flow in the migrated
channel; a result of the decreasing angle between the bridge alignment and the flow path. The
' potential for scour along this portion of the bridge would increase dramatically due to this
significant flow constriction. The sediment transport equilibrium present in the Big Narrows
' (indicated by its self-flushing nature) could be altered causing problems in the Intracoastal
Waterway. An estuary model and scour evaluation may be necessary to fully evaluate this
alternative's impacts on the flushing and drainage characteristics of the waterways.
The length of impacts associated with this alternative is greater than that of the other two
preferred alternatives. The length of the bridge, its alignment and connection to the roadway
infrastructure on the island shore, and the excavation of the new Big Narrows channel cause
this alternative to contain the largest impact zone. The right-of-way (R/W) for the roadway
extends into the salt marsh on the northern shoreline of the Big Narrows channel near its
confluence with the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.

B.2.2 Alternative C1 (Center Corridor High Level Fixed Bridge)
The proposed bridge replacement in Alternative C1 relocates the current alignment of the
bridge to the east approximately 50 to 100 feet. The bridge will be approximately 2,710 feet
in length, have a 65 foot vertical clearance at center span, and will maintain the current
channel width of 90 feet. The proposed alignment would most likely preserve the local
drainage patterns and self-flushing capability of the Big Narrows since the waterway crossing
is located adjacent to the existing alignment. In addition, the alternative will utilize fewer
piers and span more of the waterway than the existing bridge ,thereby, decreasing the
resistance to flow in the Intracoastal Waterway and reducing the potential for scour.
This alternative requires approximately the same amount of R/W as Alternative C4. The close
alignments between existing and proposed roadways enables the R/W to be minimized. Several
residences and businesses on the mainland will fall within the R/W zone for this alternative.
B.2.3 Alternative C4 (Center Corridor Mid Level Bascule Bridge)
The replacement bridge will be 1,140 feet in length and has a vertical clearance of 30 feet at
the center bascule span for Alternative C4. The current channel width of 90 feet shall be
maintained in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. The flushing characteristics of the
Intracoastal and secondary channels in the vicinity of the bridge may be improved as a result
of the bridge replacement. This design will lessen the constriction to flow that the current
bridge places on the waterway, although it is more constrictive than the other preferred
alternatives (except for alternative W1 possibly during high flows, as discussed previously).
The potential for scour around the piers would decrease (below the existing scour potential)
since fewer piers would be required for the new bridge creating less of an encroachment on
the waterway.
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The length of impacts for the mid level bascule bridge is less than that for the other two
alternatives being considered. Its close alignment to the previous roadway and the fact that
this area has already been impacted by the original alignment is the main reason for the lower
impact zonc. Alternative C4 requires less right-of-way (R/W) than the other two (CI and Wl)
preferred alternatives, although it does impact a few small businesses on the mainland. Its R/W
boundaries extend across to the Big Narrows' southeastern shoreline and across the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway approximately SO feet on either side of the bridge. Fewer improvements
to the roadway infrastructure on the mainland were required to accommodate this alternative,
which is the primary reason for the smaller R/W area.
C.
Plants
PROTECTED SPECIES
One federal-listed threatened species described in Table 7 (seabeach amaranth) occurs within
communities found in the study area.
Biological Conclusions -Primary Impacts:
Dredge and fill activities within the project area will have No Effect on the seabeach
amaranth located on the barrier island, outside the limits of construction.
Biological Conclusion -Secondary Impacts:
The suggested increase in pedestrian traffic on the beach and increase in development
on the island within the upper beach and dune grass communities may impact suitable
habitat for the seabeach amaranth. However, the Town of Sunset Beach utilizes a set
of subdivision regulations which guides the general design of newly developing areas.
39

Special provisions for protecting the dunes are included in the Building Code. Also,
beach accesses have been designated at the end of most streets on the island. They
provide crosswalks over the dunes and have been lined with fences and marked with
CAMA (North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act) beach access signs. Through the
enforcement of these rules and regulations, it is likely that any increase in pedestrian
traffic or any increase in development on the island is Not Likely to Adversely Effect
the impacts to the vegetative communities in which this species is found.
Fish
One endangered species listed in Table 7 (shortnose sturgeon) occurs within a community found
in the study area.
Biological Conclusions -Primary Impacts:
Dredge and fill activities in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway is Not Likely to
Adversely Effect the shortnose sturgeon. Additionally, any impact is anticipated to be
minor and best management practices would be used during construction to reduce
and/or eliminate any impacts to this species.
Biological Conclusion -Secondary Impacts:
No secondary impacts are anticipated, therefore, the project's secondary impacts will
have No Effect on the shortnose sturgeon.
40

' Reptiles

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Four species of threatened and/or endangered reptiles listed in Table 7 (leatherback sea turtle,
Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, and green sea turtle) occur within
communities found in the study area.
Biological Conclusions -Primary Impacts:
Dredge and fill activities in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and other surface water
areas may impact suitable habitat available for the above mentioned species. The sea
turtles (leatherback, Kemp's, loggerhead, green) may be affected temporarily during
construction. However, best management practices would be used during construction
to reduce and/or eliminate any impacts to these species. Therefore, the project is Not
Likely to Adversely Effect these species.
Biological Conclusion -Secondary Impacts:
The suggested increase in pedestrian traffic on the beach and other human use impacts
associated with increased development on the barrier island may inhibit the nesting
activities of the leatherback, loggerhead and/or green sea turtle (upper beach).
Furthermore, an increase in lighting of structures which may accompany economic
development on the island may result in additional disorientation of sea turtle
hatchlings, ultimately reducing nesting success.
However, as discussed previously, local laws provide policies, rules and regulations to
prevent such impacts from occurring. Through the implementation and enforcement
of these rules and regulations, any secondary impacts caused by an increase in
41

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development should be minimal. Therefore, the project is Not Likely to Adversely
Effect these species.
Four species of threatened and/or endangered birds listed in Table 7 (peregrine falcon, bald
eagle, wood stork, and piping plover) occur within communities found in the study area.
Biological Conclusions -Primary Impacts:
Dredge and fill activities within the coastal fringe evergreen forest, salt shrub, salt
marsh and surface water areas may result in a loss of suitable habitat available for the
peregrine falcon (salt marsh, surface waters), bald eagle (coastal fringe evergreen forest,
salt shrub, salt marsh, surface waters), and wood stork (salt marsh, surface waters).
However, the construction of a replacement bridge and related alignment is Not Likely
to Adversely Effect these species. Also, it is anticipated that there should be limited
involvement, if any, with these species due to large amounts of similar habitat being
available within the vicinity of the project.
Biological Conclusion -Secondary Impacts:
The suggested increase in operational noise from the bridge, vehicular traffic to the
island, increased pedestrian traffic on the beach, and increased development on the
island within the upper beach and dune grass communities may result in a loss of
suitable habitat available for the peregrine falcon and wood stork (uppcr beach), and
piping plover (upper beach, dune grass). However, as discussed previously, there are
laws and regulations which would prevent such impacts from occurring. For example,
the Town of Sunset Beach Traffic Code prohibits vehicular traffic on the beach. It is
42

illegal on the island to walk, play in, or alter the dunes in any fashion. Additionally,
a local zoning ordinance regulates the use of land within the town's corporate limits and
one-mile extra- territorial area. Through the enforcement of the rules and regulations
discussed above, any secondary impacts should be minimal. Therefore, the project is
Not Llkely to Adversely Effect these species.
Mammals
One endangered species listed in Table 7 (West Indian manatee) occurs within a community
type found in the study area.
Biological Conclusion -Primary Impacts:
Dredge and fill activities in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway may temporarily impact
the habitat available for the manatee. However, the impact is anticipated to be minor
and best management practices would be used during construction to reduce and/or
eliminate any impacts to this species. Therefore, the project is Not Likely to Adversely
Effect the manatee.
Biological Conclusion -Secondary Impacts:
No secondary impacts arc anticipated, therefore, the project's secondary impacts will
have No Effect on the manatee.
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D. UNIQUE NATURAL AREAS
Primary Impacts
A reduction of the coastal fringe evergreen forest due to the construction of a replacement
bridge and related new alignment could reduce the remaining habitat value of this natural
area. The habitat may be further impacted by removal of forested species and by additional
habitat fragmentation. However, due to past and continued clearing by local development, it
is not anticipated that the proposed project will significantly disturb the natural habitat
further.
Secondary Impacts
It has been suggested that the proposed project may secondarily impact the maritime shrub
community located on the barrier island south of the proposed project limits. However, because
of the importance of the barrier island community, there are federal, state, and local laws
which provide policies, rules, and regulations to prevent such negative impacts to the natural
environment from unmanaged growth. The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
LAMA, and the NC Executive Order 15, mandate that a consistency review be performed prior
to any impact. Also, Section 404 of the Clean Water Act regulates waters of the United States
Application for federal and state permits, as well as acquisition, and use and disposition of
land must be consistent with NC Coastal Management Plan and the CAMA local land use plan
for Sunset Beach.
As discussed previously, a local zoning ordinance regulates the use of land within the town's
corporate limits and one-mile extra-territorial area. The Town of Sunset Beach also utilizes a
set of subdivision regulations which guides the general design of newly developing areas.
Special provisions for protecting the dunes are included in the Building Code and general
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provisions which prohibit vehicular traffic on the beach is included in the Traffic Code. Also,
beach accesses have been designated at the end of most streets on the island. They provide
crosswalks over the dunes and have been lined with fences and marked with CAMA beach
access signs. It is illegal on the island to walk, play in, or alter the dunes in any fashion.
Through the implementation and enforcement of the rules and regulations discussed above, any
secondary impacts caused by an increase in development (commercial, recreational, and/or
residential) should be minimal.
V. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS AND COORDINATION
A. FEDERAL PERMITS
A U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE), Section 404 permit will be required under 33 CFR
Part 323 for discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States. An
Individual Permit will be required for the entire project. The Clean Water Act provides for
public notice and review of Section 404 permit applications, as well as review by the U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service and approval by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Additionally, a U. S. Coast Guard permit will be required pursuant to Section 9 of the Rivers
and Harbors Act of 1899 for bridge crossings of navigable waterways, and a U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit for
stormwater discharge will be required under 40 CFR Part 122.
B. STATE PERMITS
The State of North Carolina requires a permit under North Carolina General Statute Section
113-229(a), 230, Division of Coastal Management, before any excavation or fill may be placed
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in estuarine waters, tidelands, or saltwater marshlands. These permits are issued through the
permitting provisions of CAMA, Section 113A-100 et. seq., which subsumes the Dredge and Fill
Act. All development in areas of environmental concern requires a permit under North
Carolina General Statute Section 113A-118(a). A Water Quality Certification pursuant to
Section 401 of the Clear Water Act must be obtained from the North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management, Water
Quality Section. This permit is required in association with the ACOE Section 404 permitting
process.
Permit applications will be submitted at the appropriate time, once design is underway. All
work will be in accordance with the conditions specified in these permits.
C. FEDERAL MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS
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Applicants for permits under 33 CFR Part 323 are required to meet mitigation requirements
found in the "Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) Between the Environmental Protection
Agency and the Department of the Army Concerning the Determination of Mitigation Under
the Clean Water Act Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines" (February 1990). This MOA requires the
applicant to utilize a sequencing process which includes avoidance of impacts, minimization
of impacts, and finally, compensation of unavoidable impacts to aquatic resource values.
Executive Order 11990 requires action to be taken to minimize the destruction, loss, or
degradation of wetlands and to preserve and enhance the natural and beneficial values of
wetlands. If there is no practicable alternative to construction in wetlands and all practicable
measures to minimize harm to wetlands have been provided, compensation of wetland impacts
is required.
46

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D. PROJECT MITIGATION MEASURES
D.1 Avoidance
Permit issuance for only the least environmentally damaging practicable alternative is allowed
under 40 CFR 230.10(x). These Federal regulations state that no discharge shall be permitted
if there is a practicable alternative to the proposed discharge which would have less adverse
impact to the aquatic ecosystems, so long as the alternative does not have other significant
environmental consequences. The Alternative Analysis Technical Memorandum discusses the
process of selecting alternatives and avoidance of impacts. Further avoidance of impacts can
be implemented by relocation of the alignment within the corridors to avoid specific wetland
communities.

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D.2 Minimization
Appropriate and practicable steps to minimize the adverse impacts will be required through
project modifications and permit conditions, as stated in 40 CFR 230.10(d). Minimization of
wetland impacts will be implemented during the pro ject design phase. Minimization techniques
may include bridging wetlands, increasing side slopes, and using retaining walls.
D.3 Compensation
Appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation is required for unavoidable adverse
impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable minimization has been utilized.
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) policy and procedures for evaluation and
mitigation of adverse environmental impacts to privately owned wetlands is contained in 23
CFR 777. Development of project mitigation measures will be in accordance with these
47

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1
regulations. Mitigation and compensation for unavoidable wetland impacts will be determined
during the processing of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permits under Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act.
Mitigation of wetlands will be decided on a site-by-site basis. Present mitigation policies call
for in-kind replacement within the project area. Based on the importance and significance of
the wetlands affected, compensation efforts necessary to minimize net impacts to wetland
values will be determined. Mitigation measures may include enhancement of existing wetlands,
creation of new wetlands, erosion control, and acquisition of private lands for preservation
purposes.
Best management practices must be used in design and during construction to control soil
erosion and pollutant runoff. These may include the use of the following in conformance with
the North Carolina's Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual: hay bales,
staked silt fence, maintenance of wetland vegetation, seed or mulch over bare soil areas,
sediment basins, and floating turbidity barrier.
VI. REASONABLE AND FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES

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A preliminary alternatives study was conducted to evaluate the eleven project alternatives.
Ultimately, three reasonable and feasible alternatives were chosen (W1, C1, and C4). The
development and selection of these alternatives is discussed in detail in the Preliminary
Alternatives Report (NCDOT, 1994). In summary, the following conclusions have been made
based on further review of the functional design drawings:
• Alternative W1 -Alternative W1 is comprised of a new high-level, fixed-span
bridge located 250 feet west of the existing pontoon bridge (see Appendix A-8).
The proposed bridge is approximately 2,380 feet in length. The typical section of
the proposed alignment includes two 12-foot travel lanes and paved shoulders to
48

1
v
facilitate bicycle traffic. Due to the alignment, a channel relocation for the Big
Narrows is required.
Of the three reasonable and feasible alternatives chosen, Alternative W1 will
impact the largest acreage of saltwater areas (2.75 acres) (see Table 8). Alternative
W1 is the only alternative chosen which will impact freshwater areas (0.27 acres).
In addition, Alternative W1 will impact the largest acreage of coastal fringe
evergreen forest (1.70 acres), including clearing impacts (0.25 acres). Alternative
W1 will also impact the largest acreage of salt marsh (0.68 acres), excluding
shading impacts (0.21 acres). No impacts are expected to occur to the nonriverine
wet hardwood forest.
• Alternative C1 -Alternative C1 is comprised of a new high-level, fixed-span
bridge located immediately east of the existing pontoon bridge (see Appendix A-
1). The proposed bridge is approximately 2,350 feet in length. The typical section
of the proposed alignment includes two 12-foot travel lanes and paved shoulders
to facilitate bicycle traffic. Due to the alignment, a 1,600-foot relocation of N.C.
179 is required.
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1

Of the three reasonable and feasible alternatives chosen, Alternative C1 is the
only alternative chosen which will impact the nonriverine wet hardwood forest
(0.27 acres) (see Table 8). Alternative C1 will impact the least acreage of salt
marsh (0.59 acres), excluding shading impacts (0.51 acres), which is the largest
acreage of impact to the salt marsh due to shading. Impacts to saltwater areas
(0.17 acres) and the coastal fringe evergreen forest (1.58 acres, including clearing
impacts of 0.05 acres) are also expected to occur. However, impacts to freshwater
areas are not expected to occur.
• Alternative C4 -Alternative C4 is comprised of a new mid-level bascule bridge
located immediately west of the existing pontoon bridge (see Appendix A-4). The
proposed bridge is approximately 1,050 feet in length. The typical section of the
proposed alignment includes two 12-foot travel lanes and paved shoulders to
facilitate bicycle traffic.
Of the three reasonable and feasible alternatives chosen, Alternative C4 will
impact the least acreage of coastal fringe evergreen forest (0.44 acres), including
clearing impacts (0.02 acres) (see Table 8). Impacts to saltwater areas (0.17 acres)
and the salt marsh (0.67 acres), including the least amount of shading impacts
(0.08 acres), are expected to occur. However, impacts to the nonriverine wet
hardwood forest and freshwater areas are not expected to occur.
Based on the revised acreages, it is assumed that the larger the acreage of impact to a natural
community, the greater the impact to the species which inhabit those communities. This is
discussed in Section IV of this report. Detailed analyses and comparison of the three
reasonable and feasible alternatives with regard to natural systems will be further discussed
in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement.
49

TABLE 8
POTENTIAL IMPACT ACREAGE' FOR THE
THREE REASONABLE AND FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES
Brunswick County, North Carolina

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Natural Resources Wl C1 C4
Salt Marsh (Ac.).
• Dredge 0.37 0.00 0.00
• Fill 0.31 0.59 0.67
• Shading 0.21** 0.51** 0.08**
Surface Water (Ac.)
Salt
• Dredge 2.49 0.00 0.00
• Fill 0.26 0.17 0.17
Fresh
• Fill 0.27 0.00 0.00
Coastal Fringe Evergreen Forest (Ac.)
• Fill 1.70 1.58 0.44
• Clearing 0.25 0.05 0.02
Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Forest (Ac.)
• Fill 0.00 0.27 0.00
Man-Dominated Area (Ac.)
• Fill 6.91 7.08 6.10
• Clearing 0.16 0.52 0.35
TOTAL ACREAGE 12.93 10.77 7.83
• Dredge 2.86 0.00 0.00
• Fill 9.45 9.69 7.38
• Shading 0.21•• 0.51'• 0.08"
• Clearing 0.41 0.57 0.37
TOTAL ACREAGE
(Less Man-Dominated) 5.86 3.17 1.38
• Dredge 2.86 0.00 0.00
• Fill 2.54 2.61 1.28
• Shading 0.21" 0.51•• 0
08••
• Clearing 0.25 0.05 .
0.02
* Acreage was calculated based on the typical sections and preliminary plan views for each
alternative.
** Shading impacts were calculated based on the width(s) of the proposed bridge alternatives.
50

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REFERENCES
American Orinthologists' Union. 1983. Check-List of North American Birds. 6th Edition.
Allen Press, Inc. Lawrence, Kansas. 877pp.
Breder, Charles M, Jr.. 1948. Field Book of Marine Fishes of the Atlantic Coast. G. P. Putnam
and Sons, New York. 332 pp.
Burt, Wiliam Henry. 1952. Peterson Field Guide Series: A Field Guide to the Mammals of
America North of Mexico. 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 289
PP•
Clark, Mary K. 1987. Endan¢ered. Threatened. and Rare Fauna of North Carolina Part I A
Re-evaluation of the Mammals. Occasional Pavers of the orth Carolina Bioloeical
Survev 1987-3. North Carolina Biological Survey and the North Carolina State
Museum of Natural History. Raleigh, North Carolina. 52 pp.
Collins, Henry Hill. 1981. Harper and Row's Complete Field Guide to North American
Wildlife. Eastern Edition. Harper and Row, Publishers, Inc. 714 pp.
Conant, Roger. 1975. Peterson Field Guilde Series: A Field Grids to Reptiles and Amphibians
of Eastern and Central North America. 2nd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company,
Boston. 429 pp.
Conant, Therece. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1993. Personal
Communications.
Cowardin, et.al. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States.
' U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services. FWS/OBS-79131. 103
PP•
I Farrand, John. 1988. Eastern Birds (An Audubon Handbook). First Printin¢. McGraw-Hill
Book Company. 496 pp.
Godfrey, Robert K. and Jean W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern
United States: Monocotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. 712 pp.
Godfrey, Robert K. and Jean W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern
United States: Dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. 933 pp.
Gosner, Kenneth L. 1978. Peterson Feld Guide Series: A Field Guide to the Atlantic
h r . Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 329 pp.
Harrar, Ellwood S. and J. George Harrar. 1962. Guide to Southern Trees. 2nd Edition. Dover
Publications, Inc., New York. 709 pp.
~ Lee, David S., Funderburg, John B. Jr., Clark, Mary K. 1982. A Distribution Survev of North
Carolina Mammals. Occasional Papers of the North Carolina Bioloeical Survev
1 2-1 North Carolina Biological Survey, North Carolina State Museum of
Natural History. Raleigh, North Carolina. 70 pp.
Lee, D. S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980
et seq. Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. N.C. State Museum Natural
History, Raleigh. 867 pp.

REFERENCES
(Continued)
Legrand, Harry E. Jr. 1990. Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North
Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Division of Parks and
Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina. 56 pp.

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t
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1
North Carolina Department of Transportation. 1994. $runswick Countv Replacement of
Bridge No. 198 on S.R. 1172 over Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at Sunset Beach
North Carolina: Preliminary Alternatives Report. Prepared by Greiner, Inc. 42 pp.
Palmer, Ephraim Laurence. 1975. Field Book of Natural History. 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill,
Inc. 779 pp.
Peterson, C. H. and N. M Peterson. 1979. The Ecology of Intertidal Flats of North Carolina:
A Community Profile. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological
Services. FWS/OBS-79/39. 73 pp.
Peterson, Roger Tory. 1980. Peterson Field Guide Series: A Field Guide to the Birds East of
the Rockies. 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 384 pp.
Petrides, George A. 1972. Peterson Field Guide Series• A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs
2nd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 428 pp.
Povey, A. and Keough, M. J. 1991. Effects on Trampling on Plant and Animal Populations on
Rocky Shores. Oikos 61: 355.368.
Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1978. Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida: Volume Three.
Amphibians and Reptiles. State of Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission.
University Presses of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 74 pp.
Radford, Albert E.; Ahles, Harry E.; Bell, Ritchie C. 1973. Manual of the Vascular Flora of
the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 1,183 pp.
Reed, P.B., Jr. 1988. National List of Plant Species That Occur In Wetlands: Southeast (Region
~. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Servicc Biological Report 88 (26.2). 124 pp.
Robins, C. Richard. 1986. Peterson Field Guide Series: A Field Guide to Atlantic Coast Fishes
of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 354 pp.
Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina. Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
Division of Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina. 325 pp.
Silberhorn, Gene M. 1982. Common Plants of the Mid-Atlantic Coast. The John Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore. 256 pp.
Terres, John K. 1980. Tie Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Random
House, Inc., Ncw york. 1109 pp.
Town of Sunset Beach, North Carolina. 1992. Land Use Plan Update. Prepared by Hayes and
Associates. 111 pp.

REFERENCES
(Continued)
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands
1 Delineation Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1986. Soil Surveys of Brunswick
County, North Carolina.
U. S. Department of the Interior, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1989. National Wetlands
Inventory Maps - Littlc Rivcr, South Carolina -North Carolina, Shallotte, and
Calabash Quadrangles.
United States Geological Survey: 1990. 7.5-Minute Series Topographic Map -Little River,
South Carolina -North Carolina, Shallotte, and Calabash Quadrangles.
Weakley, Alan S. 1990. Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Animal Soecies of North
r i North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Division of Parks and
Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina. 25 pp.
Wunderlin, Richard P. 1982. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central Florida. University
Presses of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 472 pp.

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1 APPENDICES
APPENDIX A -STUDY ALTERNATIVES
APPENDIX B -ALTERNATIVE PROFILES
APPENDIX C -ALTERNATIVE TYPICAL SECTIONS
APPENDIX D -LIST OF IDENTIFIED FLORA
APPENDIX E -LIST OF IDENTIFIED OR POTENTIALLY
OCCURRING FAUNA
APPENDIX F -AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE

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APPENDIX A
STUDY ALTERNATIVES
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~~~~~~~~~~~~ ROADWAY RELOCATION
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUNSET BEACH BRIDGE N0. 198 REPLACEMENT
BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
NATURAL RESOURCES REPORT
CENTER CQRRIDOR
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~i i Ili i i il'~I~'i~~';~i
~~~~~

~ p~~~,
ui ~~'+
a,.~
s `" I ~III~IdVlrli~lllliulii~

Ilh~v~~~~l~~d~~,l ~I~ii~~l~~iy~~lillliil~ i ilu 9 ~~h V ~ i II it ill ' Vuih I~^'i~liii I ~~ I'~ ~~ i iii~~i~ ~i~~ I~~' II I I li II i 4~ u d i i~ I i ~
~ ~ I
SR 117

1
1

r

1

APPENDIX B
ALTERNATIVE PROFILES

MAINLAND
~ II ~'I
- - '-
C1 -HIGH LEVEL FIXED
BRIDGE LENGTH: + 2350 FEET
__' -- ---1--J--~---~--1--J--,---
___L
MEAN HIGH TIDE (MHT) I'r 65' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
~-- 90' CHANNEL WIDTH
rl~ ,n
~i ~i j~
ISLAND
--- -
-- -------- -----------------
- -r-- -- J ,--- -_ - --
. __
C4 -MID LEVEL BASCULE (MHT) `~ 30' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
BRIDGE LENGTH: + 1050 FEET
00' CHANNEL WIDTH
~~, ,n
~~ v ii
C2 -LOW LEVEL BASCULE
BRIDGE LENGTH: + 750 FEET
- ~ ,
MHT ~ ~--- x-15' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
( )
90' CHANNEL WIDTH
C3 - NO BUILD ALTERNATIVE
(NOT SHOWN)
NOTE: NOT TO SCALE (VERTICAL DISTANCE EXAGGERATED)

MAINLAND
.-L--1--'------~---~--
E1 -HIGH LEVEL FIXED
BRIDGE LENGTH: + 2700 FEET
~I
MEAN HIGH TIDE MHT
( )
ISLAND
----1-- ----~,--~--1---L_~--~---1---L--1--1--J---~---~--1--1--~---
` ~ - ' 65' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
~; -
`- 90' CHANNEL WIDTH
il~ ~~
j \/ ~I
E2 -MID BEVEL BASCULE
BRIDGE LENGTH; + 1500 FEET
-- 30' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
(MHT)
90' CHANNEL WIDTH
~. .n
~ ~/ ~I
--------------------- ~ ~ -- - -~.~-~~-~.~J-_~-_~T-
E3 -LOW LEVEL BASCULE
BRIDGE LENGTH; + 1430 FEET (MHT) J -- 16' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
90' CHANNEL WIDTH
NOTE: NOT TO SCALE (VERTICAL DISTANCE EXAGGERATED)

MAINLAND

W1 -HIGH LEVEL FIXED
BRIDGE LENGTH: + 2380 FEET
--L__~.-..-~
~~~ - -- ~- ---- ~=--I---L--L--1--1--1--J-J----~-_
MEAN HIGH TIDE MHT ~ ---~' ~65' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
( )
~--- 90' CHANNEL WIDTH
~~ ,n
~ t / ~ 1
~~--~~- ---- ~-_~.-I---~--~---~~i--1---
W2 - MID LEVEL BASCULE (MHT)-' ~ ~~ 30' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
BRIDGE LENGTH: + 1140 FEET ~`- 90' CHANNEL WIDTH
~~~
~~ ii
v ~~
W3 -LOW LEVEL BASCULE
BRIDGE l._ENGTH: ± 1050 FEET
'-1S' VERTICAL CLEARANCE
(MHT)-~ ~---
~'--- 90~ CHANNEL WIDTH
ISLAND
~~~C~l-E: ^JCT TO SCALE (~~ERTICAL DISTANCE ECAGGERATED)

MAINLAND
rrninrn `'"`'TEM (TYP.)
F1 -FERRY
FERRY SCHEDULE: 15 MINUTES
FERRY CAPACITY: 20 CARS
FERRY DIMENSIONS: 42~W x 100'L
-- --- --~
-~----
.;' ,
MEAN HIGH TIDE (MHT) J`~~_~'
~!
-.-r-~--
\'~- 90' CHANNEL WIDTH
,;
~.__APPROACH (MHT)-~; ~~~ ~L~~;,
APPROACH
T1 -TUNNEL
TUNNEL LENGTH: + 2200 FEET ~--TUNNEL
ISLAND
NOTE: NOT TO SCALE (VERTICAE DISTANCE EXAGGERATED)

t

1

APPENDIX C
ALTERNATIVE TYPICAL SECTIONS

1

r

1

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1

36'**
10'** _ 6' 12'
___._,.._. 6: 4
1 ~ l
I~
~-SLOPE VARIES
~ 2'-SHORELINE DRIVE, 4'-NC 179
~* WHEN MAX SLOPE EXTENDS BEYOND LIMITS
THE DISTANCE BECOMES VARIABLE &
THE MAX SLOPE IS MAINTAINED.
12' 12' 38' **
------
8 I ~ _ 8' _ 3~~' **
* ' * '~
~' ~ -!, `~
6; ~
TYPICAL SECTION
SHORELINE DRIVE & NC 179
SLOPE VARIES
VARIES 11' _ 11' VARIES
~,~VARIES 8' 8' i ~ 8' __ VARIES
r-
I I
i
I ~
~ ~
4~ ~ s;1 'I
~~
SLOPE VARIES - " % ? ~ ~'~
TYPICAL SECTION
CANAL AVENUE WEST
VARIES ___,~_ 10' ~" 10' VARIES _
-_ - -- ~,
,VARIES ~ 8 ~~ 6 ~ , 6 „~ , VARIES
i ~ ~ i ~
~ j ~~
j ~ i I i I~I
~- 2,. ~ I
SLOPE VARIES -' ~' ~~
TYPICAL SECTION
CANAL AVENUE EAST
2~1
NOT TO SCALE

1'-6'/2'
,,,_3„
L
~„

3, -1 ~/2"
BRIDGE TYPICAL SECTION
36' * 15' 12' 12' 38' ~
---
___-_ _~
g 30'
,,,~;~ ~ i '~,; S I D E WA LK ~ `~`- I
~~. , I ~~
•; i I ~ I
I i
~ ~ ~ l i
b: 1 ' ~' r' ~•,1
--- s~oPE vARIES ROADWAY TYPICAL SECTION i
SR 1172
* WHEN MAX SLOPE EXTENDS BEYOND LIMITS ~-8' W/OUT GUARDRAIL
THE DISTANCE BECOMES VARIABLE & NOTE: ROADWAY WILL VARY FROM 11' W/ GUARDRAIL
THE MAX SLOPE IS MAINTAINED. EXISTING DIMENSION TO DIMENSIONS
SHOWN IN TYPICAL SECTION
----- ------ ---- -- 47'
rn
3
-r, •
BIKEWAY/! ~!
SIDEWALK ~ , ~
~'
~', i
_. _ _ - _ 1
---
TUNNEL TYPICAL SECTION
SLOPE VARIES 'll
~6: ]
1
NOT TO SCALE

1
1

1
APPENDIX D
LIST OF IDENTIFIED FLORA
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1

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1

i

APPENDIX D
LIST OF IDENTIFIED FLORA
Sunset Beach Bridge Replacement
Brunswick County, North Carolina
Acer rubrum Red maple
Amaranthus pumilus seabeach amaranth
Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweed
Andropogon sp. Broom-sedge
Asclepius sp. Milkweeds
Baccharis angustifolia False willow
Baccharis halimifolia ~ Groundsel tree
Borrichia frutescens Seaside oxeye
Carer sp. Sedges
Carya glabra Pignut hickory
Cenchrus tribuloides Sandspur
Cyperus sp. Sedge
Eupatorium sp. Dog fennel
Hydrocotyle bonariensis Longleaf pennywort
Ilex vomitoria Yaupon
Ipomoea imperati Beach morning glory
Iva frutescens Marsh elder
Iva imbricata Seashore elder
Juniperus virginiana - Red cedar
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip poplar
Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay
Myrica cerifera Wax myrtle
Panicum amarum Bitter panicum
Paspalum distichum Seashore paspalum
Persea borbonia Red bay
Pinus palustris Longleaf pine
Pinus taeda Loblolly pine
Poa spp. Grasses
Quercus falcata Southern red oak
Quercus laurifolia Laurel oak
Quercus nigra Water oak
D-1

APPENDIX D
LIST OF IDENTIFIED FLORA
(Continued)

Quercus virginiana Live oak
Salix caroliniana Carolina willow
Sambucus canadensis Elderberry
Sassafras albidum Sassafras
Setaria magna Foxtail grass
Sesuvium portulacastrum Seashore purslane
Smilax sp. Green brier
Solidago sp. Goldenrod
Spartina alterniflora Smooth cordgrass
Spartina patens Saltmeadow cordgrass
Typha latifolia Cattail
Uniola paniculata Sea oats
Vitis spp. Wild grape
Species were identified in the field by Greiner, Inc. Biologists on October 13 and 14, 1993.

i
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D-2

1
APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED OR POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
1

1

1
1

APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED OR POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
Sunset Beach Bridge Replacement
Brunswick County, North Carolina
Bir
Actitis macularia Spotted sandpiper
Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's sparrow
Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's sparrow
• Ammospiza caudacuta Short-tailed sparrow
Ammospiza maritima
A
hi
hi Seaside sparrow
A
i
hi
n
nga an
nga mer
can an
nga
Ardea herodias Great blue heron
Asio flammeus Short-eared owl
Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern
Butorides striates Green heron
Cardinalis cardinalis Northern cardinal
Casmerodius albus Great egret
Cathartes aura Turkey vulture
Charadrius melodus Piping plover
Charadrius vociferus Killdeer
Circus cyaneus Northern harrier
Cistothorus palustris Long-billed marsh wren
Cistothorus platensis Sedge wren
Coragyps stratus Black vulture
Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow
Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler
Dendroica dominica Yellow-throated warbler
Dendroica pines Pine warbler
Dendroica virens Black-throated greenwarbler
Dryocopus pileatus Pileated woodpecker
Egretta thula Snowy egret
Falco peregrines tundrius Arctic peregrine falcon
Fulica americans American coot
Gallinago gallinago Common snipe
Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat
E-1

APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED AND POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
(Continued)
Haliaeetus leucocephalus .Bald eagle
Hirundo rustics Barn swallow
Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush
Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern
Larus delawarensis Ring-billed gull
Larus philadelphia Bonaparte's gull
Laterallus jamaicensis
Me
acer
le alc
on Black rail
B
l
i
fi
y
g
y e
ted k
ng
sher
Melospiza melodic Song sparrow
Mycteria americans Wood stork
Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night-heron
Nycticorax violaceus Yellow-crowned night-heron
Otus asio Southern screech owl
Pandion haliaetus Osprey
Parus bicolor Tufted titmouse
Parus carolinensis
Passer dom
sti Carolina chickadee
H
e
cus ouse sparrow
Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah sparrow
Pelecanus occidentalis Brown pelican
Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested cormorant
Plegadis falcinellus Glossy ibis
Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe
1 Quiscalus major Boat-tailed grackle
Rallus elegans King rail
Rallus limicola
Rallus lon
ir
i
t Virginia rail
g
r
os
s Clapper rail
Rynchops niger Black skimmer
Turdus migratorius American robin
Zenaida macroura Mourning dove

E-2

1

~, Mammals
APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED AND POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
(Continued)
Blarina brevicauda
Blarina carolinensis
Cryptotis parva
Felis concolor couguar
Mus musculus
M
l
f
uste
renata
a
Nycticeius humeralis
Ochrotomys nuttalli
Ondatra zibethica
Oryzomys palustris
Procyon lotor
Reithrodontomys humulis
Scalopus aquaticus
Sciurus carolinensis
i
S
i
urus n
c
ger
Sorer longirostris
Sylvilagus floridanus
Sylvilagus palustris
Trichechus manatus
Vulpes vulpes

Reptiles
~ Alli
t
i
i
i
i
i
, ga
or m
ss
pp
ss
ens
s
Caretta caretta
Chelonia mydas
Clemmys guttata
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus
Deirochelys reticularia
Dermochelys coriaca

Northern short-tailed shrew
Southern short-tailed shrew
Least shrew
Eastern cougar
House mouse
Longtail weasel
Evening bat
Golden mouse
Muskrat
Marsh rice rat
Raccoon
Eastern harvest mouse
Eastern mole
Eastern gray squirrel
Fox squirrel
Southeastern shrew
Eastern cottontail
Marsh rabbit
West Indian manatee
Red fox
American alligator
Loggerhead turtle
Green sea turtle
Spotted turtle
Six-lined racerunner
Florida chicken turtle
Leatherback sea turtle
E-3

APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED AND POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
(Continued)
Lepidochelys kempii Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle
Rhadinaea flavilata Pine woods snake
Sceloporus undulatus Fence lizard
Storeria dekayi Brown snake
Terrapene caroling caroling Eastern box turtle
Thamnophis sirtalis Eastern garter snake
Amphibians
Acris gryllus Southern cricket frog
Hyla crucifer Southern spring peeper
Notopthalmus virdescens Central newt
Pseudacris brimleyi Brimley's chorus frog
Pseudacris nigrita Southern chorus frog
Rana sphenocephala Southern leopard frog

Fish
Acanthocybium solandri Wahoo
Alosa sp. Shad
Aluterus schoepfi Orange filefish
Anchoa mitchilli Bay anchovy
Anchova hepsetus Striped anchovy
Ancylopsetta quadrocellata Ocellated flounder
Anguilla rostrata
Archosa
b
t
h
l American eel
rgus pro
a
ocep
a
us Sheepshead
Arius felis Hardhead catfish
Bairdiella chrysura Silver perch
Balistes carolinensis Triggerfish
Brevoortia tyrannus Atlantic menhaden
Caranx bartholomaei Yellow jack
Caranx hippos Crevalle jack
E-4

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APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED AND POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
(Continued)
Centropristes philadelphicus
Chilo mycterus
Citharichthys spilopterus
Conger oceanicus
Coryphaena hippurus
Cynoscion nebulosus
Cynoscion regalis
Dasyatis spp.
Diapterus olisthostomus
Etropus crossotus
Eucinostomus argenteus
Eucinostomus gula
Gobionellus boehlkei
Gobionellus boleosoma
Gobiosoma bosci
Lachnolaimus maximos
Lagodon rhomboides
Order Lamniformes
Orthopristis Chrysoptera
Leiostomus xanthurus
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
Lutjanus griseus
Menidia beryllina
Menidia menidia
Menticirrhus spp.
Mieropogon undulates
Monocanthus hispidus
Mugil cephalus
Mugil curema
Mycteroperea microlepis
Opsanus tau
Pagonias cromis
Rock sea bass
Striped burrfish
Bay whiff
Conger eel
Dolphinfish
Spotted seatrout
Weakfish
Bluntnose stingray
Irish pompano
Fringed flounder
Spotfin mojarra
Silver jenny
Marked goby
Darter goby
Naked goby
Hogfish
Pinfish
Sharks
Pigf ish
Spot
Tilefish
Gray snapper
Inland silverside
Atlantic silverside
Kingfishes
Atlantic croaker
Planehead filefish
Stripped mullet
White mullet
Gag grouper
Oyster toadfish
Black drum
E-S

i

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1
1
APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED AND POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
(Continued)
Paralichthys dentatus
Paralichthys lethostigma
Peprilus alepidotus
Polyprion americanus
Family Pomadasyidae
Pomatomus saltatrix
Prionotus evolans
Prionotus sp.
Rachycentron canadum
Sarda sp.
Sciaenops ocellata
Scomberomorus cavalla
Scomberomorus maculatus
Scophthalmus aguosus
Selene vomer
Seriola dumerili
Snyodus foetens
Family Sparidae
Symphurus plagiusa
Syngnathus louisianae
Thunnus spp.
Trinectes maculatus
Urophycis regius
Urophycis sp.
Xiphias gladius
Summer flounder
Southern flounder
Harvest fish
Wreckfish
Grunts
Bluefish
Striped searobin
Big searobin
Cobia
Bonito
Red drum
King mackerel
Spanish mackerel
Windowpane
Lookdown
Amber jacks
Inshore lizardfish
Porgies
Blackcheck tonguefish
Chain pipefish
Tuna
Hogchocker
Spotted hake
Southern hake
Swordfish
Invertebrates
Acetes spp.
Agrotis buchholzi
Busycon carica
Callinectes sapidus
Acetes shrimp
Pyxie moth
Knobbed whelk
Blue crab
E-6

1

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1
r
t

1

APPENDIX E
LIST OF IDENTIFIED AND POTENTIALLY OCCURRING FAUNA
(Continued)
Callinectes similis
Cancer irroratus
Crassostrea virginica
Order Decapoda
Eurypanopeus depressus
Loligo pealei
Mercenaria mercenaria
Neomysis sp.
Octopus vulgaris
Ophiopholis aculeata
Pagurus spp.
Palaemonetes spp.
Penaeus aztecus
Penaeus duorarum
Penaeus setiferus
Portunus spp.
Squills empusa
Trachypenaeusspp.
Lesser blue crab
Rock crab
Oyster
Ornate crab
Common mud crab
Squid
Hard clam
Neomysis shrimp
Octopus
Brittle star
Hermit crab
Palaemonetes shrimp
Brown shrimp
Pink shrimp
White shrimp
Portunus crab
Mantis shrimp
Trachypenaeus shrimp
E-7

APPENDIX F
AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE
1
1
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1

APPENDIX F
LIST OF AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE
DATE AGENCY
No Date North Carolina Department of Transportation, State Rail Corridor
Manager
September 29, 1992 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Land Resources
O
b
cto
er 8, 1992 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation
October 8, 1992 United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service
October 12, 1992 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Environmental Management
October 12, 1992 -North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage
Program
October 14, 1992 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Coastal Management
October 19, 1992 United States Department of the Army, Wilmington District, Corps
of Engineers
October 20, 1992 North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of
Archives and History
October 20, 1992 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Habitat
Conservation Program
October 22, 1992 North Carolina Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
October 26, 1992 North Carolina Department of Transportation, Geotechnical Unit
October 26, 1992 United States Department of Transportation, Unites States Coast
Guard
November 4, 1992 United States Department of the Army, Wilmington District, Corps
of Engineers
November 9, 1992 United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service
November 12, 1992 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Habitat
Conservation Program
October 11, 1993 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation

APPENDIX F
LIST OF AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE
(Continued)
DATE AGENCY
February 28, 1994 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries
March 22, 1994 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries
April 12, 1994 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Nongame and
Endangered Wildlife Program
May 4, 1994 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Nongame and
Endangered Wildlife Program

September 15, 1994 United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service
September 26, 1994 United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service
October 26, 1994 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation
November 28, 1994 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage
Program
February 14, 1995 North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries

1

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1
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-~--,
~. - ~ >
~~~
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
P.O. BOX 25201
RALEIGH 27611-5201
JAMES G. MARTIN
GOVERNOR
THOMAS J. HARRELSON
SECRETARY
ME~30RAI~IDUM T0: ~j/~j( /~/i1~C~iJS
Planning and Fnvirar~tal Branch
FROM: Paul Worley~iu..Q_
State Rail CorridorManager
SUBJECT: RESPQNSE TO SLOPING REQUEST
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION S RAIL DIVISION
POST OFFICE BOX 25201
919/733-4713
The Ptablic Transportation ~ Rai1 Division does not have any interest in the
following project(s) treat does not effect a railroad or rail corridor:
~~ ~~L
Thanks for your continued assistance in nDtifying us of these upcoming
projects.
Pw
An Eaual Oooortunity / Atfirmatlve Action Employer

~ ^
~ ~
N
'~
OCT 1992 .
'1p Z
~ -. ~
State of No Card}}'~~ '~
' ~ ~~ ; ~ ? s
Sra~ e
Department of Environment, tiii~~ ources''' ~ ~, -~
Division of Lan esour~~ ~ ~~ 1:~:,: ,, ro

' ' ~
PROJECT RHPZ N>~
ti
G `- h Cliaiie~ ~
~
Gard
~
overnor
James G. Mar
n, •
.
; ~

William W. Cobey, )r.. Secretary _
-G' ., Dick r
`
' Project Number: _ ~,~"U~U County: _ /J~t°y.LSwIC~" G~6( ~V~~
L(yt'
Project Name : /j. ~°C /JG~b~ ~Gf7~C~"~~ f7Cr~
i '~~`
~
c Survey
Geodet -
~'`
~

e 'r
~~
•Li 1 ~. ..
~'"
`
'
ct will impact geodetic survey markers. N.C. Ge etic
This proj
~
_
~
~
Survey should be contacted prior to construction at P.O. Box 27687,
~ ~
Raleigh, N.C. 27611 [phone]. Intentional destruction ofS'~P ~~
ge etic monument is a violation of N.C. General Statute 102 ~3 ~~
~
This project will have no impact on geodetic survey markers.
~~~•s,
UR
Other•(comments attached) ~ `Fy
For more information contact the Geodetic Survey office at [phone].

'
Reviewer Date I ~ -• '`- i
{~ '~_
Erosion and Sedimentation Control ~Ea ~ 5 l~~L
No comment ~- ,, ,.;~ ~• .
This project will require approval of an erosion and sedimentation
control plan prior to beginning any land-disturbing
than one (1) acre will be disturbed. activity if more
~ If an environmental document is required to satisfy Environmental
_
Policy Act (SEPA) requirements, the document must be submitted as part
of the erosion and sedimentation control plan.
~ If any portion of the project is located within a Hi gh Quality Water
Zone (HQW), as classified by the Division of Environmental Management,
increased design standards for sediment and erosion control will apply.
The erosion and sedimentation control plan required for this project -
should be prepared by the Department of Transportati on under the
erosion control program delegation to the Division o f Highways from the
' North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission.
Other (comments attached)
For more information contact the Land
Quality Section at [phone].
- -~
Reviewer Date
P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7687 • Telephone [phone]
An E.q~al Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

~ ~ 1
•~~-~
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Soil and Water Conservation
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor ~ ~~~~ 1~ lq?~;; . l
William W Cobey, Jr., Secretary ~ 1 '
October 8 , _ 2 aCT lgg~
~.
C~~~ED
~~'s
MEMORANDUM s G`''- ~ r
David W Sides
Director
TO: Melba McGee ~u~Zy~
FROM: David Harrison'~~
SUBJECT: Replacement of Sunset Beach Bridge on SR 1172 in
Brunswick County. Project No. 93-0200.
The proposal is to replace the existing obsolete bridge.
Commercial development has eliminated any unique, prime, or
important farm land in the area. A wetlands evaluation should be
included in the Environmental Assessment. Actions that minimize
impacts are desired.
DH/tl
PO. Box. ?76S7. R~Iri~;h, Nurch ~.arohna ?7hn io57 Trlcvhonr ~)i9 733 ?3U2
.- _ ri

National Ocoanic and Atmospheric Administratior
'o~ ~•~ NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
~''„" °' ~ Southeast Regional Office
9450 Koger Boulevard
St. Petersburg, FL 33702
October 8, 1992 F/SEO ~ G C 1 ~~~
Mr. L. J. Ward, P.E. OCT 1 2 1992
N. C. Department of Transportation ~°
Y
P. O. Box 25201 Z
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201 ~ DIVISICti OF
C,' HIGH'NAYS ~
Attention Ms . Julie Hunkins ~~N~/RONME'~~
1 Dear Mr. Ward:
This responds to your letter dated September 16, 1992, requesting
input into the development of an Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS) for the proposed replacement of the NC 179 bridge to Sunset
Beach, Brunswick County, North Carolina, by the N. C. Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) (TIP No. B-682). The proposed replacement
bridge would provide improved access to the island of Sunset Beach
by crossing a section of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.
I Wetlands impacted by this work support National Marine Fisheries
of
i
t
es
e spec
Service trust resources. Fish and invertebra
commercial and recreational importance use the project area as
spawning, nursery, and feeding habitat. Accordingly, we recommend
that the environmental document prepared for this project address
the following information needs and fishery related issues:
1. The EIS should describe alternative bridge alignments and
designs considered. This should include a discussion of how each
alternative would avoid and minimize direct and indirect losses of
wetlands that. support fisheries.-
2. The EIS should describe the location and acreage of wetlands,
including open water areas, potentially impacted by the proposed
' »•oif„ ~eg~tatio;. species in these areas should be ir_cluded.
3. The EIS should describe the fishery resources found in the
project area and provide an assessment of the impacts of the
project on these resources.
4. Bridge construction often requires filling for temporary
access roads and/or excavation of canals for construction access-.
The EIS should address the impact on fisheries habitat of any
temporary construction related wetland losses.
5. The alternative analysis and Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines
compliance section of the EIS should demonstrate selection of the
' least damaging alternative consistent with project requirements.
6. The construction of a high rise bridge to Sunset Beach will be
a substantial improvement over the existing access and thereby,
~~Y~
4~..rw o .~

likely stimulate additional residential and commercial growth in
Sunset Beach. The EIS should address the impact of secondary
development resulting from bridge replacement on the waters and
wetlands that surround Sunset Beach.
' vement and im acts should be avoided and
~, Wetland invol P
minimized whenever possible. If unavoidable wetland losses are
necessary, the EIS should provide a mitigation plan to compensate
for these losses. This should be consistent with the mitigation
Memorandum of Agreement between the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Unless compensation
for wetland losses is incorporated as a part of the project, we
will likely recommend against the issuance of a COE's Section
10/404 permit for the project.
The N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries and the N. C. Wildlife
Resources Commission• biologists are excellent sources of
information concerning specific fishery resources in the project
area. We encourage the NCDOT to address mitigation of fishery
habitat losses early in the project planning process in accordance
with the guidance in the joint federal publication ApplvinQ the
Section 404 Permit Process to Federal-Aid Proiects. A
representative of the Beaufort Field Office is available to discuss
NMFS concerns.
Sinc ly u s,
// An eas Mager Jr.
~!/'" Assistant Reg'onal Director
Habitat Conservation Division
cc: FWS, ATLA, GA
FWS, Raleigh, NC
EPA, ATLA, GA
NCDNRCD, Raleigh, NC
NCDNRCD, Morehead City, NC
F/SE02
COE, Wilmington, NC
1
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1
.~~~
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and
Division of Environmental Manage
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North
s
tural~e~~rce~
en RFgct~'cD
~~ptE7,,A,$,1~ ' nC~
olina +
c:
James G. T.4artin, Governor A. Pres'~'~~
October 12, 1992 ~~~ ~~ ; ~ ~ Z
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary '~,.~.
MEMORANDUM
~ ~ ~l~ll.~~Q ~ ~
To: Monica Swihart ~ ~~
~ P~~~
Through: ~hn Dorney~~
From: Eric Galamb ~~
Subject: Water Quality Checklist for EA/EIS/Scoping Documents
Replace Sunset Bridge Over AIWW
Brunswick County
State Project DOT No. 6.503082, TIP #B-682
EHNR # 93-0200, DEM WQ # 6996
ward, Jr., P.E.
Acting Director
The Water Quality Section of the Division of Environmental Management requests that
the following topics be discussed in the EA/ElS/Scoping documents:
A. If the COE determine that a new 404 permit is required for this project, then a
new 401 Water Quality Certification will be needed.
B. Will borrow locations be in wetlands?
C. Identify the streams potentially impacted by the project. ,The stream
classifications should be current.
D: Identify the linear feet of stream channelization/relocations. If the original
stream banks were vegetated, it is requested that the channelized/relocated
stream banks be revegetated.
E. Number of stream crossings.
F. Identify the stormwater controls (permanent and temporary) to be employed.
RECia~lAi. o~c>rs
Ashcvillc Faycttevillc )•4ooresvillc Raleigh Washington Wilmington Winston-Salem
704/251-6208 919/486-1541 70x/663-1699 919/571-4700 919/946-6481 9191395-3900 919/896-7007
' Pollution Prerentlon Pays
P.O. Boz 29S3S, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-OS3S Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

' H. Please ensure that sediment and erosion control measures are not placed in
wetlands.
I. Wetland Impacts
i) Identify the federal manual used for identifying and delineating
jurisdictional wetlands.
ii) Have wetlands been avoided as.much as possible?
iii) Have wetland impacts been minimized?
iv) Mitigation measures to compensate for habitat losses.
v) Wetland impacts by plant communities affected.
vi) Total wetland impacts.
vii) List the 401 General Certification numbers requested from DEM.
Written concurrence of 401 Water Quality Certification may be required for this project.
Please be aware that 401 Certification may be denied if wetland impacts have not
' been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent practicable. Applications
requesting coverage under our General Certification 14 or General Permit 31 will
require wntten concurrence.
cc: Eric Galarnb
`,~~019ZOZ1~~~
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ll1v1J_vly yr rr~t~n~ tuv1J LPL L. 1\LA11V1~
October 12, 1992
MEMORANDUM
TO:
THROUGH:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
Melba McGee
Stephen Hall
Harry LeGrand, Natural Heritage Program
/\C-\1 IV ~J~. iI~I
[//\~ v 1
"f~
0~? 1992
'c~~s ED
?'Za, OFACE
~----
Notification of Bridge Replacement at Sunset Beach
REFERENCE: 93-0200
The Natural Heritage Program database contains a number of rare
species locations in the vicinity of Sunset Beach. Many
of these species are Federally listed as Endangered or
Threatened. Though few if any of these would be directly
impacted by.the construction of a new bridge, many would be
impacted secondarily by an increase in traffic flow and
subsequent increase in people using the island of Sunset Beach
and the beaches (proper) on the island.
The Federally Endangered wood stork (Mycteria americana) forages
in the marshes and tidal flats in the vicinity of the bridge.
Construction of the bridge and the increased traffic could drip,*e
the species away from Sunset Beach. The storks, generally abo~.:t
s
30 per year, arrive in June and depart in September; most are
immatures that. have moved northward along the coast after havi::g
been fledged farther to the south.
' Several rare species are closely tied with the beaches and sandy
parts of the island. The Federally Threatened loggerhead turt-e
(Caretta caretta) nests on the beaches each summer. The
Federally Threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus) has
nested on sand flats at Sunset Beach in the 1980's and might
still breed there on occasions. The species is present on the
beaches and inlet flats in migration and might overwinter on the
island. The Federally Threatened peregrine falcon (Falco
peregrinus) occurs mainly as a fall migrant. The seabeach
amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) is a plant that is Proposed
Threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It is prese:~t
on the upper beach and sand flats at both the eastern and wester~i
ends of the island and would certainly be impacted secondarily by
' the project.
Sunset Beach is usually host to a breeding colony of colonial
nesting waterbirds. State-listed species such as gull-billed
tern (Sterna nilotica) (State Threatened) and black skimmer
(Rynchops ni er) (State Special Concern) often breed in the

Beach 15 nOW Ci1C L1CJL~.llcl.iutw~` al`s ~•~ ~-••" """'---
the species is seen with any regularity.
The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), State
Threatened and Federally listed as Threatened Due to Similarity
of Appearance, is present in the Twin Lakes on the mainland near
the existing bridge.. The animals probably occur in the
Intracoastal Waterway on occasions.
Because of the numerous rare species, particularly Federally
listed species, present in the project area, the Natural Heritage
Program recommends that an Environmental Impact Statement be
prepared. This EIS should not only address primary impacts
' caused by the construction of the new bridge with the associated
loss in wetlands, but also should address secondary impacts
caused by the much heavier flow of traffic onto the island
expected as a result of the new bridge.
~ ~~9.
0CT ] 992
RFCFryED
~~'?ETAahy~.c M~~~ -
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~~
G~h ` ~
State of North Carotin ~ ~~T lgg2
Department of Environment, Health, and ~a eurc
Division of Coastal Managemen ~, ~~ q ~~
225 North McDo~~•ell Street • Raleigh, I~lon:h 2 t
C~dlina 276rJ
James G. Martin, Governor )
William W. Cobey, )r., Secretary
TO: Melba McGee, Division of Planning & Asses sment
FRt23i: Stephen B. Benton, NC Division of Coastal Management
SUBJBCT : ,Review of SCH # ~3 - Do?OD DATE : /D/~y/9Z
Roger I~. Schecter
Director
Rg~TlB'Sa COH2~.~i'S : Revies~er Co®ents ?~ttacheti
This document is being reviewed for consistency With the NC Coastal
Management Program. Please forward a copy of agency comments to us as
they are received.
-~A-~CAHA Permit or Consistency Determination is/may be required
for this project. Applicant should contact ~ cST,~,OLt1~
in /,t'~~~,~G7a~J phone no. Q/Q~Q~T~, b0 for assistance.
' Proposal is in draft form, a consistency response is inappropriate.
A consistency determination should be included ire the final document.
A CAHA Permit or Consistency Response has already been issued,
or is currently being reviewed under a separate circulation.
Permit/Consistency Ho. Date Issued
Proposal involves < 20 acres or _a structure < 60,000 aq.ft. and no
AFC's or Land Use Plan problems.
Proposal not in the Coastal Area and will have no significant
impacts on the Coastal Area.
Proposal is exempt from CAHA by statute. Other (See attached)
C'OBSISZ'SHCY POSITI®i:
The. proposal is consistent with the NC Coastal Management Program
provided that all State authorization and/or permit requirements are
' met prior to implementation of the project.
A consistency l.+osition x111 be developed based on our review on, or
before
' The ro sal is inconsistent with the NC Coastal Management Program.
P Po
-~ Not Applicable Other (See attached)
' P.O Box 276b7, Ralci~h, Nortfi L,dn~~lna 27611.7oS7 Telephone 919 7i3~7?93

Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources LJ . ~ M, ~~~
Project Number: Due pale:
INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW -PROJECT COMMENTS 3,G)~bG p_ ~~~_ 91
Alter review of this project it has been determined that the EHNR permit(s) andlor approvals indicated may need to be obtained in
order for this project to comply with North Carolina Law.
Questions regarding these permits should be addressed to the Regional Office indicated on the reverse of the form.
' All applications, information and guidelines relative to these plans and permits are available from the same Normal Process
Regional Office. Trme
(statutory lime
PERMITS SPECIAL APPLICATION PROCEDURES or REQUIREMENTS limit)
licalion 90 da s before be in construction or award of 30 days
Permit to construct b operate wastewater treatment App Y g
lacilities, sewer system extensions, d sewer construction contracts On•site inspection. Post-application (90 days)
systems not discharging into stale surface waters. technical conference usual
NPDES • permit to discharge into surface water andlor Application 180 days belore begin activity. On•site inspection. 90.120 days
^ permit to operate and construct wastewater facilities Pre•application conference usual. Additionally. obtain permit to
~ discharging into slate surface waters. construct wastewater treatment lacililygranted after NPDES. Reply (NIA)
time, 30 days alter receipt of plans or issue of NPDES
permit•whichever is later.
30 days
' ^ Water Use Permit Pre•application technical conference usually necessary (NIA)
7 days
^ well Construction Permit Complete application must be received and permit issued (15 days)
prior to the installaUOn of a well.
Application copy must be served on each adjacen- riparian properly 55 days
^ Dredge and Fill Permrt owner. On•site inspection. Pre-application conference usual. Filling
may require Easement to Fill Irom N.C. Department of (90 days)
' Administration and Federal Dredge and Fill Permit.
`~~~ 16 ZQ~~~ 60 days
^ Permit to construct 8 operate Air Pollution Abatement (90 days)
lacilities andror Emission Sources as per t5A NCAC 21H.06 NIA
ny open burning associated wish subject proposal T
`~ ~
must De in compliance with 15A NCAC 2D.0520. ,ti OC/ 992 c,J'`
N
s~~~ Vfp ti
Demolition or renovations of structures containing ~.-
/1r~. ~, 60 days
asbestos material must be in compliance with 15A i ~QA "nrleE ,~~
^ NCAC.2D.0525 which requires notification and removal NIA Ge-
prior to demolition. Contact Asbestos Control Group ~~ ~CL~ (90 days)
9t9-733.0820.
^ y 5 1; C J lL
Complex Source Permit required under 15A NCAC 2D.0800. „_. ~.-
he Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 must be properly addressed for any land disturbing activity. An erosion d sedimentatro
control plan will be required it one or more acres to be disturbed. Plan tiled with proper Regional Office (Land Quality Sect.) at leas) .^•0 20 days
' da s belore beornnrne activr!v. A lee of S30 for the first acre and 520.00 for each additional acre or art must accompany the plan l30 davsl
The Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 muss be addressed with respect to the relerrenced LoCat Ordinance: (30 days)
On•site inspection usual. Surety bond tiled wish EHNR. Bond amount
Mining Permrt varies with type mine and number of acres of affected land. Any area 30 days
mined greater than one acre must be permited. The appropriate Dond 160 days!
must be received belore the permit can be issued.
' ^ North Carolina Burning permit On•sile inspection by N.C. Division Forest Resources it permit 1 day
exceeds 4 days (NIA)
^ Special Ground Clearance Burning Permit - 22 On•sile inspection by N.D. Division Forest Resources required "il more t day
counties rn coastal N.C. with organic soils shdu dvbe requestted atnleaselen days Detore actualolbum isgplantneds'• (NIA)
90.120 days
^ N1A (NIA)
' Oil Relining Facilities
If permit required. application 60 days before Degin construction.
Applicant must hire N.C. qualified engineer to: prepare plans. 30 days
^ Dam Safety Permrt inspect construction, certify construction is according to EHNR approv-
ed plans. May also require permit under mosquito control program. And (60 days)
a 404 permit Irom Corps of Engineers. An inspection of site is neces-
sary to verify Hazard Classification. Aminimum lee of 5200.00 must ac-
company the application. An additional processing lee based on a
' percentage or the total project cost will be required upon compleUOn
Continued on reverse
P~ .0:

1

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
WREPLYREFEATO October 19, 1992
Planning Division
Mr. L. J. Ward, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department
of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
=w~
~~T `z 1 1`%92 --
....r.._~-~''
This is in response to your letters of September 16 and 28,
1992, requesting our comments on the initiation of a study of the
project, "Environmental Impact of the Proposed Sunset Beach Bridge
Replacement, Brunswick County, State Project No. 8.2230101, TIP
No. B-682," (Regulatory Branch Action I.D. No. 19930088).
1

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Our comments, from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
perspective, involve impacts to COE projects, flood plains, and
other environmental aspects, primarily waters and wetlands. The
proposed bridge replacement would cross the COE's Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) navigation project, which provides
for a channel 12 feet deep and 90 feet wide. Disposal areas for
dredge material are located in the vicinity of the existing
bridge. We recommend that you coordinate with our Navigation
Branch to ensure that the proposed bridge replacement wouid not
adversely affect our navigation project. The point of contact is
Mr. Carmine Forcinito at [phone].
The proposed project is sited in Sunset Beach, which
participates in the Federal Flood Insurance Program. The bridge
replacement would be within the 100-year flood plain and within
the velocity zone. Based on the August 1992 Sunset Beach Flood
Insurance Rate Map, the 100-year (base flood) elevation is 15 feet
mean sea level. We suggest that you coordinate with the town of
Sunset Beach for compliance with their flood plain ordinance and
possible revision to their flood insurance maps and report.
1

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Department of the Army permit authorization, pursuant to
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, as amended, will be required
for the discharge of excavated or fill material, including
construction debris, into waters of the United States or any
adjacent and/or isolated wetlands. Please provide sufficient
information for our evaluation of environmental impacts for all
construction corridors which you are considering. Included should
be wetland and soils mapping, indicating wetland and soils types,
and data regarding endangered species, cultural resources, and
fish and wildlife habitat. Adverse environmental impacts should
be avoided and then minimized. Mitigation must be provided to
compensate for unavoided impacts. Our comments will be provided
in response to such information. Because of this early review
and evaluation, we would expect a most expeditious processing of
your application for the specific activity requiring Federal
authorization. Questions or comments related to the permit may
be directed to Mr. Rudolf Scheiner, Wilmington Field Office,
Regulatory Branch, telephone [phone].
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on this project. If
we can be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to
contact us.
Since~ly
Law nc~e .Saunders
Chie anning Division

~~ ~`~ >~
~ ~1
g
J~ ~ .... 1~'jr
' North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James G. Martin, Governor Division of
' Patric Dorsey, Secretary ,..'~..rJ-~iam
f ':
October 20, 1992 ~r'
1
MEMORANDUM
~- OCT 1
~ _.
1

1

TO: L. J. Ward, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
De artment of Trans ortati
4rchives and History
S.~P?ic;~, ]r., Director
1
<i
J 1i~;1, _
~.:
FROM: David Brook GvvC$J
Deputy State His is Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: Replace Bridge No. 198 at Sunset Beach, Brunswick
County, s-682, 8.2230101, CH 93-E-4220-0200, ER
93-7513
We have received information concerning the above project from the State
Clearinghouse, as well as your memorandums of September 16 and 28, 1992.
We have conducted a search of our files and are aware of no structures of
historical or architectural importance located within the planning area. However,
given the past controversy surrounding this project, we would like updated
information about Bridge No. 198 so that we can determine if the structure may
be eligible for listing in the National Register. Photographs, a description, and a
brief history of the bridge would be helpful. Also, what type of structure was in
place (if any} before this bridge, and is this bridge the only one of its kind in the
state?
There are no known National Register-eligible archaeological sites within the
' proposed project area. Based on our present knowledge of the area, it is unlikely
that any archaeological resources which may be eligible for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places will be affected by the project construction.
We, therefore, recommend that no archaeological investigation be conducted in
connection with this project.
The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 provides for
' the protection of wetlands as well as enhancements for all modes of
transportation. Considering the commitment of ISTEA and the potential effects of
this undertaking, the Federal Highway Administration and the North Carolina
Department of Transportation have a good opportunity to investigate various
designs and modes of transportation for the crossing of the Atlantic Intracoastal
Waterway.
' 109 East]ones Street ~ Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807

' ~.. .~. rva~u
October 20, 1992, Page 2
' The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966 and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's
' Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee Gledhill-Earley,
' environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB:slw
cc: State Clearinghouse
Nicholas Graf
B. Church

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® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Con:~mission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-?33-3391
Chazles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Melba McGee, Plannin and Assessment
g
Dept, of Environment, Health, & Natural Resources
~~Z
FROM: Dennis Stewart, Manager
Habitat Conservation Program
Date: October 20, 1992
SUBJECT: Request-for information from the N. C. Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) regarding fish and wildlife
concerns for replacement of Sunset Beach Bridge,
Brunswick County, North Carolina, TIP No. B-682, SCH
Project No. 93-0200.
This correspondence responds to a request from Mr. L. J.
Ward of the NCDOT for our concerns regarding impacts on fish and
wildlife resources resulting from the subject bridge replacement
project. The N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) has
' reviewed the proposed project, and our comments are provided in
accordance with provisions of the N. C. Environmental Policy Act
(G.S. 113A-1 et seq., as amended; 1 NCAC 25), and the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C.
661-667d).
Comments on the previous environmental document (Dennis
Stewart, January 31, 1986) were based on specific project
alternatives presented at that time. Alternatives to be
considered in the upcoming study include existing location and
' new location replacement options as well as a no-build
alternative. While the anticipated environmental impacts may be
minimized under the no-build or existing location replacement
alternatives, replacement. at a new location may result in
significant impacts to fish and wildlife resources.
The environmental document should include complete
inventories for wildlife and fisheries resources potentially
affected by the project, including State and Federally listed
rare, threatened, and endangered species. Information on listed
species may be obtained from Randy Wilson, Nongame and Endangered
1

' Species Program Manager, at [phone]. Study areas for such
inventories should include, to the extent practicable, potential
borrow sites and construction easements connected to the project.
Cover type maps showing upland and wetland habitat impacted by
' the project should also be included, so that qualitative as well
as quantitative impact comparisons may be made among
alternatives. For alternatives which propose construction on new
location,, fragmentation effects on fish and wildlife habitat
should be addressed.
The project proposal should address mitigation for avoiding,
minimizing or compensating for direct and indirect degradation in
habitat quality as well as quantitative losses. A preliminary
plan for mitigating unavoidable wetland losses should also be
included.
If we can further assist your office, please call David Yow,
' Highway Project Coordinator, at [phone]. Thank you for
the opportunity to provide input in the early planning stages for
this project.
r DLS/DLY
cc Thomas Padgett, District 4 Wildlife Biologist
1 Keith Ashley, District 4 Fisheries Biologist
Randy Wilson, Nongame and Endangered Species Program Manager
Jilie~~Hunkins Project Engineer, NCDOT
David Yow, Highway Project Coordinator
1
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Ila1 Y a~va y i
COl1nCl1 Qn ~.
c
eservation ~ ~ T ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~'
Pr
The Old Post Office Building ~~\~ ~ ~ ' `' :' `'. ; - . .
1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, #809 '~` ~~ ~ -
Washington, DC 20004 ~-:~ ~--'
OCT 2 2 1992
Mr. L. J. Ward, P.E.
Manager, Environmental Planning Branch
North Carolina Department of
Transportation
P. O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611-5201
REF: Sunset Beach Bridge Replacement
Brunswick County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Ward:
It has come to our attention that the referenced project may have
an effect on properties eligible for inclusion in the National
Register of Historic Places. We also understand that this
project requires permits from the U.S: Army Corps of Engineers
and the U.S. Coast Guard.
Pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act, Federal agency involvement in this undertaking and the
potential of the project to affect historic properties may
require that the Council be provided an opportunity to comment.
The Council's regulations, (36 CFR Part 800) set forth this
responsibility. The lead Federal agency should investigate the
applicability of the Council's regulations in this matter and
notify us of their finding.
Should you have any questions, please call MaryAnn Naber of our
staff at [phone]. We appreciate your cooperation.
Klima
tor, Eastern Office
Project Review
1

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATiC~N O~j ~Z 8 19°2
P.O. BOX 25201 4 ~`' ~~=
' RALEIGH 27611-5201 t-•~r. _ ~ ~~' ~~
;_
JAMES G. MARTIN October 26 , 1992 ~ ~ DIVI,SIQN' t HIGHWAYS
GOVERNOR '~~"
-•';4: _
THOMAS J. HARRELSON WILLIAM G. MARLEY, JR., P.E.
c.. SECRETARY STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATOR
1
STATE PROJECT: 8.230101 (B-682)
COITNTX : Brv.*~swick
DESCRIPTION: SR 1172, Bridge #198, Replace bridge over
Intracoastal Waterway at Sunset Beach
SUB.7ECT: Geological Environmental Impact Study
INTRODUCTION `
Tt,e new bridge over the Intracoastal Waterway will replace
an ex~.sting Pontoon Drawbridge on SR 1172 between the mainland in
Brunswick County and the island of Sunset Beach.
' PHYSIOGRAPHY, RELIEF, AND DRAINAGE
The study area is situated along the southern boundary of
the Tidewater Region of the Coastal Plain. The topography is
relatively flat to gently sloping. Along the existing SR 1172
corridor, the relief generally increases with increasing
elevation. Elevations in this area typically range from 20 to 25
feet.
GEQLOGY AND SOILS
The geologic map of North Carolina (1985) depicts this
portion of the Coastal Plain as consisting of sandy silts and
clays in the Quaternary Surfical Deposits and the Tertiary
1 Waccamaw Formations. Soils within the project corridor consist
mostly of moderately to well-drained soils. These soils are
composed of AASHTO Soils Classifications A-1-b, A-2-4, A-3, and
' A-7-6 with minor traces of A-4 and A-6.

1 An Equal OpportunitylAffirmative Action Employer

B-682
Impact Study
Page 2
GROUNDWATER
Groundwater north of the channel typically lies at
elevations of 8 to 13 feet below existing ground surfaces, and
lies at 0-3~feet across the marsh on the island end of the
bridge.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS/UNDERGROUND
• A reconnaissance survey of
sites which contain or have the
tanks (UST's). In a subsequent
DEM/Groundwater Section, the fo
~; Site No. 1
STORAGE TANKS
the project corridor identified 3
potential for underground storage
records search of the
Llowing information was obtained:
An abandoned one story business, which is on the west side
of SR 1172, is located approximately 40 feet north of the
intersection of Sunset Boulevard (SR 1172) and W. Canal Ave. One
pump was observed on the premises by Geotechnical-Unit personnel.
The tank is estimated to be 500 gallons or less. The tank at
this facility is located approximately 115 feet from the existing
SR 1172 centerline. No information was available from the
DEM/Groundwater Section regarding this site.
Site No. 2
Island Grocery, which is on the west side of SR 1172, is
located approximately 45 feet south of the intersection of SR
1172 (Sunset Boulevard) and Shoreline Drive. Three UST's were
observed on the premises by Geotechnical Unit personnel, and
there is the possibility of a fourth abandoned tank. The tanks
at this site are located approximately 75 feet from the existing
SR 1172 centerline. No information was available from the
DEM/Groundwater Section regarding this site.
Site No. 3
j Bill's Seafood is located on the east side of SR 1172.
Three pumps are located approximately 35 feet south of the
intersection of Sunset Boulevard (SR 1172) and Shoreline Drive,
and approximately 50 feet from the existing SR 1172 centerline.
The tanks at this site are located above ground behind the
facility. No information was available from the DEM/Groundwater
I` Section regarding this site.
A files search of the Division of Solid Waste Management was
also conducted to determine whether any known unregulated dumps
1

B-682
I Impact Study
Page 3

or other potentially contaminated sites were within the corridor.

' After reviewing these files and the DEM/Groundwater incident
none of the known sites within the Brunswick County area
list
,
were identified within the project corridor.

Respectfully submitted,

Lisa A. Sharp
Assistant Environmental Geologist

~, LAS
Attachment

B - 6 8-2~=~

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of Transportation
United States ~"'
Coast Guard
Fifth Coast Guaro Distract 431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, VA 237D4~5004
Staff Symbol: l OD 1
Phone: (804 ) 398-6227
16590
26 Oct 92
Mr. L. J. Ward, P.E.
Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P. O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
This is in response to your letter dated September 28, 1992,
soliciting comments for the start of a new environmental study to
be conducted for the replacement of the pontoon bridge across the
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, mile 337.9, at Sunset Beach,
North Carolina.
Coast Guard Bridge Permit (6-89-5) was issued May 5, 1989,
approving the previous plans and location of the proposed
replacement bridge; however, since construction of this bridge
did not begin before May 5, 1992, the permit is no~longer valid.
You will be required to reapply for another permit for the
proposed bridge.
As with all projects, our main concern is the impact the crossing
wil-1 have on navigation at that location. All projects are
reviewed to ensure adequate clearances for navigation are
provided by the proposed structure. 'The Advance Notification
Fact Sheet states two designs are being considered, a bascule and
a fixed span bridge. If a fixed -span bridge is the selected
design, the navigational clearances must comply with the guide
clearances established for fixed bridges across the Atlantic
Intracoastal Waterway. The minimum vertical clearance is 65 feet
at mean high water for fixed bridges, and the minimum horizontal
clearance is 90 feet between piers/fender system for all bridge
designs.
The Draft and Final Environmental Impact Statement should address
the types (recreational, commercial, military, etc.) and sizes of -_
navigation that transit the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway within
the vicinity of the proposed bridge. Commercial industry within
the study area that depend on this waterway for their survival
should be addressed and adjacent property owners identified.
Impacts to the environment associated with the construction of
the new bridge will be reviewed to ensure all Federal, State and
local agencies concur with any mitigation measures needed to
offset damage caused by the project. -

16590
26 Oct 92
We appreciate the opportunity to be a part of the coordination
study and to comment on this matter. If you should have any
questions regarding this matter, please contact Ms. Gilliam at
[phone].
Sincerely,
~~~
ANN B. DEATON
Chief, Hridge Section
By direction of the Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
1
1
2
1

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t
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i

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890 ,
INREPIYREFERTO November 4, 1992
Regulatory Branch
Action ID. 199300088
Ms. Julie Hunkins, P.E.
Project Engineer
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25601
Ralaiyl~, Yorth Carolina 27Gii
Dear Ms. Hankins:
~~
4 ~~ J ~ ~
~~
'a '
NOV 9 19S'2
~~~~AONP~ `~._ ~ 2~.
This responds to your request for comments to the proposed replacement of
Sunset Beach Bridge Number 189 on S.R. 1172 over the Atlantic Intracoastal
Waterway at Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North Carolina (State Project No.
8.2230101, TIP No. B-682). All comments pertain to the scoping presentation
given on Wednesday, October 28, 1992.
Based on the description of the three potential alternative alignments, it
would appear that construction of the new bridge along the current alignment
of the existing bridge would be the least damaging practical alternative.
Barring significant construction problems, we recommend that this alignment be
used.
Mitigation for lost wetland resources,. if: arty, would involve the
replacement of coastal tidal marsh. There appears to be some potential in the
immediate area to mitigate by removing existing to wetland elevations both on
the bridge causeway and possibly within dredge spoil islands if they have been
abandoned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
If the existing structure will be replaced by a bascule, it is recommended
that it have sufficient clearance to irrinimize the need to open and dose fir
waterway traffic and thereby limit interruptions to normal and emergency
vehicular traffic to and from the island.
We look forward to revie;,ring and commenting on the Draft Environmental
Impact .Statement for this project. Please direct all future correspondence on
this project to hir. Rudolf Scheiner in my office. He can be contacted at
telephone [phone].
Sincerely yours,
r
1

yne Wr' ht
hief, Regulatory Branch

1

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FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
November 9, 1992
L.J. Ward, P.E.
Manager, Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Transportation
PO Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina
27611-5201
Attention: Julie Hunkins
Dear Mr. Ward:
TAIt~ ~~ ~
w~
~~~ ~
~ ~
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Q~
-~ NOV 1 0 1992
it
?~ DIVISlCN OF ~Q
~'~ HIGH'NAYS P~
~N~~RONN-E~
"' Reference is made to your September 16, 1992, request for potential
.environmental impacts associated with the proposed replacement of
bridge 189 on SR 1172 at Sunset Beach, Brunswick County, North
Carolina. The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) makes the
following recommendations in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.),
and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1531-1543).
j Replacement of bridge 189 may adversely affect wetlands in the
project vicinity. These are primarily saline marshes along both
sides of SR 1172, south of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.
These marshes are of high fish and wildlife habitat value, and
perform important water quality and land stabilization functions.
The Service recommends the use of alternatives that avoid wetland
impacts if at all possible. Any unavoidable wetland impacts should
be reduced, and the fish and wildlife habitat value of affected
wetlands should be compensated by suitable mitigation. Temporary,
construction-related impacts, such as access routes or detours,
should be restored to their original habitat.
Several endangered and threatened wildlife and plant species occur
1 in Brunswick County (Attachment 1) . Ad~??±'ionally, there are other
species that are candidates for federal listing as endangered or
threatened. The environmental analysis should address all possible
impacts to these species and their habitats. The analysis should
consider direct effects, as well as secondary, indirect impacts
that may result from altered drainage patterns, induced development
along the beach front, or any other effects. If any threatened or
endangered species are likely to be affected, further coordination
with this office will be required.
1
United States Department of the Interior
1

Of the listed species, the wood stork, sea turtles (especially the
loggerhead sea turtle), shortnose sturgeon, and piping plover are
the most likely species to occur within the project impact area.
Please note that sea turtles, when in the water, and the shortnose
sturgeon are under the jurisdiction of the National Marine
Fisheries Service. That agency should be contacted concerning your
responsibilities under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act.
Based on the preliminary information available, adverse impacts to
wetlands and Federally-listed species may be avoided or minimized
by rehabilitating the existing structure (Alternative C3). The
next preferable alternative would be the bascule bridge on existing
alignment (Alternative C2). Of the new alignments, the western
corridor might have the least impact if it were redesigned to tie-
in to NC 179 at the shoreline of the Intracoastal Waterway so as to
1 avoid bisecting the tract of woods across from the fire station.
Based on our experience with other bridge replacement projects, the
Service would expect a bascule bridge to have the least amount of
wetland fill compared to any high-rise alternative.
Bridge 189 is located between two spoil disposal areas used for
channel maintenance in the Intracoastal Waterway. Tides flow
through openings only about 900 and 400 feet wide on either side of
the existing alignment of SR 1172. Because of this relatively
narrow tidal connection, any additional, or altered blockage of
flow could have detrimental effects on adjacent saline marshes and
planning efforts should carefully consider this issue.
Increased fill associated with a relocated roadway or any temporary
bypasses would restrict flows. Attenuated tidal exchange would be
expected to increase the extent and duration of inundation, and
thereby alter ratios of marsh to tidal flats, alter plant species
~, composition, and possibly increase the area of open water. These
effects would decrease the value of adjacent marshes for foraging
wood storks and other shorebirds and wading birds. These impacts
can be minimized or avoided by use of the center corridor,
providing adequate hydrologic connections through any temporary
access routes and detours, and by elevating bridge approaches on
pilings especially if a new alignment is constructed.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this project.
If you have any questions, please contact David Dell, Permits
Coordinator for this office (919/856-4520).
~ Sincerely, /

L.K. Mike Gantt
Supervisor

1

Brunswick County (cont'd)
REVISID OCII~BER 2, 1992
There are species which, although not now listed or officially proposed for
listing as endangered or threatened, are under status review by the Service.
These "Candidate"(C1 and C2) species are not legally protected under the
Act, and are not subject to any of its provisions. including Section 7,
until they are formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered. We
are providing the below list of candidate species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of giving you advance notification. These
species may be listed in the future. at which time they will be protected
under the Act. In the meantime, we would appreciate anything you might do
for them.
Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) -C2
Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) - C2
Carolina crawfish frog (Rana areolata ca ito) - C2
Magnificent ramshorn snail (Planorbella maQnifica) - C2
Rare skipper (Problema bulenta) - C2
Sea-beach amaranth (Amaranihus pumilus> - C2
Chapman's sedge (Caret chapmanii) - C2
Carolina grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia caroliniana) - C2
Awned meadowbeauty (Rheaia aristosa) - C2
Sun-facing coneflower (Rudbeckia helionstdis> - C2
_ Carolina goldenrod (SolidaQO pulchra) - C2
Spring-flowering goldenrod (Solida~o verna) -~ C2
Wireleaf dropseed (Syorobolus teretifolius) - C2
Carolina pygmy sunfish <Elassoma boehlkei) - C2
Savanna leadplant (Amorvha Aeor¢iana confusa) - C2
Savanna campylopus (Camyylonus carolinae) - C2*
Harper's fringe rush (Fimbristylis perpusilla) - C2
Pondspice (Litsea aestivalis) -~C2 '~
Carolina bogmint (Macbridea caroliniana) - C2
Loose watermilfoil (Myriophyllum lazum - C2
Savanna cowbane (Cr~ypolis ternata - C2
Pineland plantain (Plantas-o s>,arsiflora) - C2
Carolina asphodel (Tofieldia labra) - C2
Dune blue curls (Trichostema sp.) - C2
Pyxie moth (A~rotis buchholzi) - C2
+Threatened/Similarity of A>7yearance
*ladicates no speciien in at least 11 years frog this county.
1

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REV I SID OCI'OB1=R 2 . 19 9 2
2 PAGES
Brunswick County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia m das) - T
- Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) - E
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) - E
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) - E
Piping plover (Charadrius melodus) - T
Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kemaii) - E
Arctic peregrine falcon (Falco pere~rinus tundrius) - T
Wood stork (Mvcteria americana) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle <Caretta caretta) - T
J^D~f1~v0q'tb'{-l~_1L-4 \. li f s !7 L!- _____._1_-t-1~ -ri
- _ _ - - J
Eastern cougar (Felis concolor couttuar) - E
Leatherback sea turtle (Deimochelvs coriacea) - E
American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis - T S/A+
Sea turtles when "in the water" and the shortnose sturgeon are under the
jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service and should be
contacted concerning your agency's responsibilities under Section 7 of the
Endangered species Act. Their address is:
National Marine Fisheries Service
U.S. Department of commerce
9450 Koger Boulevard
Duval Building
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702

i

1

® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Con:imission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: L. J. Ward, Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch, NCDOT
FROM: Dennis Stewart, Manager
Habitat Conservation Program
Date: November 12, 1992
SUBJECT: Supplementary information for the N. C. Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) regarding fish and wildlife
concerns for replacement of Sunset Beach Bridge,
Brunswick County, North Carolina, TIP No. B-682.
This correspondence supplements earlier comments (Dennis
Stewart, October 20, 1992) regarding impacts on fish and wildlife
resources resulting from the subject bridge replacement project.
The N. C. Wildlife=sources Commission (NCWRC) received more' =-
detailed descriptions of the project alternatives during an on-
site meeting on October 28, 1992.- Our comments are provided in
accordance with provisions of the N. C. Environmental Policy Act
(G.S. 113A-1 et seq.,. as amended; 1 NCAC 25), and the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C.
_ 661-667d).
~ Project proposals include fixed and bascule bridge types on
three alternative alignments (center, east, and west) as well as
replacement of the existing bridge type. The NCWRC recognizes
that the lack of off-site detour options presents significant
challenges to bridge replacement at or near existing location.
However, we recommend that the center alignment alternatives be
fully evaluated in the environmental document.
Vertical clearances of the bascule type bridges should be
evaluated to maximize continuous boating access. While the
center alignment allows the least clearance, boating access will
be a major factor in alternative selection. If bridge height is
used to eliminate construction alternatives, the NCWRC recommends
that the center alignment option for the bascule bridge be
modified to improve vertical clearance prior to comparison with

other alternatives. While additional fill would be required to
elevate the approaching roadways, the net wetland loss would
likely be minimized by using the center alignment.
Since all project alternatives except replacement with a
similar pontoon bridge will result in fill of wetlands,
mitigation areas need to be identified. Abandoned causeway
segments. may provide some of the required acreage, and a small
filled area adjacent to the existing causeway could also be
restored to previous elevation. Preliminary plans for mitigation
of wetland loss should be included in the upcoming environmental
document.
The existing causeway on the island side of the bridge site
is presently being used by local boaters for access to the
Intracoastal Waterway and adjacent waters. While no state or
federal agency is responsible for maintaining this access, all
project alternatives will probably eliminate it. If boating
.access is reduced by project construction, an alternate boat
launch area should be identified which would allow continuous
access during and after project construction.
The NCWRC appreciates that secondary development impacts are
being included in the project evaluation. Impacts of such
.development, particularly on nesting sea turtles, should be
carefully examined in cooperation with appropriate environmental
reviewing agencies. Assistance from NCWRC endangered species
biologists may be coordinated through the office of Randy Wilson,
Nongame and Endangered Species Program Manager, at (919) 733-
7291.
If we can further assist your office, please call David Yow,
Highway Project Coordinator, at [phone]. Thank you for
the ongoing opportunity to provide input in the early planning
stages for this project.
DLS/DLY
cc Thomas Padgett, District 4 Wildlife Biologist
Keith Ashley, District 4 Fisheries Biologist
Randy Wilson, Nongame and Endangered Species Program Manager
Julie Hunkins, Project Engineer, NCDOT
David Yow, Highway Project Coordinator

1
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1

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Parks & Recreation
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Philip McKnelly, PhD., Director
October 11, 1993
1
1
1
1
Ms. Tracie Arrigo
Greiner, Inc.
P.O. Box 31646
7.650 West Courtney Campbell Causeway
Tampa, FL 33607-1462
Dear Ms. Arrigo:
~~~
.-._.~
r. ~
~EHNR
Enclosed is a printout of the rare species known to occur on
three USGS quad maps -- Calabash, Little River, and Shallotte --
in the vicinity of the bridge at Sunset Beach. I have placed a
checkmark beside all species known to occur, or formerly occur,
within three miles of the bridge.
You should note that a number of these rare species are found
primarily along the beaches and sand flats on Sunset Beach.
Included in this group are the Loggerhead Turtle (nesting on the
beaches), Piping Plover (nesting and wintering on the beaches),
and the Seabeach Amaranth (growing on sand flats). All are
Federally listed. The Wood Stork, also Federally listed, is
primarily found foraging at the lakes at Twin Lakes, but the
birds also forage in the tidal marshes and flats. Alligators
occur in the lakes and perhaps elsewhere, and the Anhingas nest
and forage at the lakes in the area.
If you need additional information about the habitats of these
species, or more detailed locational information to field-check
the occurrences, please let us know.
Sincerely,
~ ~ L.~~
Harry LeGrand
Zoologist, Natural Heritage Program
Enclosures
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carorina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 5096 recycled/ 1096 post-consumer paper

1 0 CT 199. RARE ELEMENTS KNOWN I'O OCCUR ON THE CALABASH, LITTLE RIVER, AND SHALLOTTE QUADS
~N.C. NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM ELEMENT LIST
SCIENTIFIC AND STATE FED_ STATE GLOBAL
COMMON NAME PROT. PROT. RANK RANK
*** Vertebrates
IMOPHILA AESTIVALIS SC C2 S3B.S2 G3
/~
BACHMAN'S SPARROW
ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSISy T T/SA S3 G5
AMERICAN ALLIGATOR
~NHINGA ANHINGA
SR
S26.SZ
G5
ANHINGA
' CARETTA CARETTA~ T LT S26,S2 G3
LOGGERHEAD TURTLE
~
HARADRIUS MELODUS* T LT S26,S2 G3
PIPING PLOVER
OLUMBINA PASSERINA
' SR S1B.S1 G5
~
COMMON GROUND-DOVE
GOBIONELLUS STIGMATICUS SR S2 G?
MARKED GORY
~YCTERIA AMERICANA'' E LE S1N G5
WOOD STORK
~ PICOIDES BOREALIS E LE S2 G2
RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER
*** Invertebrates
USYCON CARICA SR S? G?
KNOBBED WHELK
*** Vascular slants

~GALINIS LINIFOLIA SR S2 G3G4
FLAXLEAF GERARDIA
~ AMARANTHUS PUMILUS• T LT S2 G2
SEABEACH AMARANTH
MORPHA GEORGIANA VAR CONFUSA T C2 S2 G3T2
SAVANNA INDIGO-BUSH
RNOGLOSSUM OVATUM SR S1 G4G5
SAVANNA INDIAN-PLANTAIN
IONAEA MUSCIPULA C-SC 3C S3 G3
VENUS FLYTRAP
~RYTHRINA HERBACEA SR S1 G5
CORALBEAN
PLATANTHERA NIVEA T S1 G5
SNOWY ORCHID
OLYGALA HOOKERI C S2 G3
HOOKER'S MILKWORT
** Natural communities
o ALCAREOUS COASTAL FRINGE FOREST S1 G1?
~OASTAL FRINGE EVERGREEN FOREST ~ ~Z~ S1 G3?
1
= o cc.~rs ~,,,:-~~:h 3 - r+•+~ ~t rte. vs o ~ b r ~ d~
-~_: .

1 1 OCT 1'~~ ~
N.C. NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRHM ELEMENT LIST
SCIENTIFIC AND
COMMON NAME
COASTAL FRINGE SANDHILL
MARITIME SHRUB
MARITIME WET GRASSLAND
MESIC PINE FLATWOODS
PINE SAVANNA
POND PINE WOODLAND
WET PINE FLATWOODS
*** Special animal habitats
GULL*TERN*SKIMMER COLONY
COLONIAL WATERBIRDS NESTING SITE
WADING BIRD ROOKERY
29 Records Processed
1
1
STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
PROT. PROT. RANK RANK
S1 G3?
S3 G4
S2? G3?
S3 G5
S2 G3
S4 G4G5
S3 G3G4
(/

NATURAL HERITAGE ELEMENTS AND SPECIES STATUS CODES
1 The attached output from the N.C. Natural Heritage Program database is a listing of
the elements (rare species, geologic features, natural communities, and special
animal habitats) known to occur in your geographic area of interest. The
information on this printout is compiled from a variety of sources, including field
surveys, museums and herbaria, literature, and personal communications. The
database is dynamic, with new records being added and old records being revised as
we receive new information. The enclosed list cannot be considered a definitive
record of natural heritage elements, and it should not be considered a substitute
for field surveys. When this information is used in any document, we request that
the printout date be given and that the Natural Heritage Program be credited.
This cover sheet explains the four columns of status codes that are given on the
right-hand side of the printout.
STATE PROTECTION
CODE STATUS CODE STATUS
E Endangered SR Significantly Rare
T Threatened V Vulnerable
SC Special Concern UNK Undetermined
C Candidate EX Extirpated
P_ Proposed (E, T, or C)
Plant statuses are determined by the Plant Conservation Program (N.C. Dept. of
Agriculture) and the Natural Heritage Program (N.C. Dept. of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources). E, T, and SC species are protected by state law (the Plant
Protection and Conservation Act, 1979); C and SR designations indicate rarity and
the need for population monitoring and conservation action, as determined by the
Plant Conservation and Natural Heritage Programs.
Animal statuses that indicate state protection (E, T, and SC) are published in
"Endangered Wildlife of North Carolina", March 16, 1992, N.C. Nongame and Endangered
Wildlife Program. The Significantly Rare, Undetermined, Vulnerable and Extirpated
statuses are (for the most part) Natural Heritage Program designations. They
indicate rarity and the need for population monitoring and conservation action.
FEDERAL PROTECTION
CODE STATUS
E Endangered
T Threatened
The current federal status is listed in "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and
Plants, July 15, 1991 (50 CFR 17.11 & 17.12, Department of the Interior).
Definitions are taken from the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended through
the 100th Congress (1988), and the Federal Register, Part VIII, November 21, 1991
(50 CFR 17, Department of the Interior).
P_ Proposed
L_ Listed
C1 Category 1
("Candidate 1")
DEFINITION
A taxon which "is in danger of extinction
throughout all or a significant portion of its
range"
A taxon "which is likely to become an endangered
species within the foreseeable future throughout
all or a significant portion of its range"
A taxon which has been proposed for official
listing as endangered or threatened
A taxon which has been officially listed as
endangered or threatened
A taxon which is under consideration, and for
which there is sufficient information to support
listing

i
C2 Category 2 A taxon which is under consideration, but for
("Candidate 2") which there is insufficient information to support
listing
3A Category 3A A taxon which was formerly under consideration for
{"Candidate 3A") listing, but for which there is "persuasive
evidence of extinction"
3B Category 3B A taxon which was formerly under consideration for
("Candidate 3B") listing, but which current taxonomic understanding
does not support as a distinct entity meeting the
Endangered Species Act's definition of "species"
3C Category 3C A taxon formerly under consideration for listing,
("Candidate 3C") but which has been "proven to be more abundant or
widespread than previously believed and/or [which
is) not subject to any identifiable threat"
GLOBAL AND STATE RANK
These ranks are determined by The Nature Conservancy's system of measuring rarity
and threat status. "Global" refers to worldwide and "State" to statewide.
RANK DEFINITION
G1 Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or otherwise
very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range
G2 Imperiled globally because of rarity or otherwise vulnerable to
extinction throughout its range
G3 Either very rare and local throughout its range, or found locally in
a restricted area
G4 Apparently secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts
of its range (especially at the periphery)
GS Demonstrably secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts
f it
o
s range (especially at the periphery)
GH Of historical occurrence throughout its range
GX Believed to be extinct throughout its range
GU Possibly in peril but status uncertain; more information is needed
G? Unranked, or rank uncertain
1 _Q Of questionable taxonomic status
T_ Status of subspecies or variety; the G rank refers to the species as
a whole
State rank codes follow the same definitions, except the words "in the state" should
be substitu ted for "globally" or "throughout its range." Also, there are four
additional state ranks:
RANK DEFINITION
SR Reported from North Carolina, but without persuasive documentation
_B Rank of the breeding population in North Carolina; used only for
migratory species
N Rank of the non-breeding population in North Carolina; used only for
migratory species
_Z_ Population is not of significant conservation concern; applies to
transitory, migratory species
2/4/93
N.C. Natural Heritage Program P.O. Box 27687
Division of Parks and Recreation Raleigh, NC 27611
1

Fishes and Invertebrates Taken by the NC Division of Marine
Fisheries in the Vicinity of Sunset Beach
------------------------------
----------------------------
bluntnose stingray -------
pinfish
American eel sheepshead
Conger eel spotted seatrout
Atlantic menhaden weakfish
striped anchovy silver perch
bay anchovy spot
inshore lizardfish Atlantic croaker
hardhead catfish black drum
oyster toadfish striped mullet
spotted hake white mullet
southern hake darter goby
inland silverside marked goby
Atlantic silverside naked goby
chain pipefish harvestfish
striped searobin bay whiff
' bighead searobin fringed flounder
gag grouper summer flounder
rock sea bass
bluefish southern flounder
windowpane
yellow jack ocellated flounder
crevalle jack hogchoker
lookdown blackcheek tonguefish
grey snapper orange filefish
spotfin mojarra planehead filefish
silver jenny striped burrfish
Irish pompano
pigfish

squid rock crab
neomysis shrimp blue crab
brown shrimp lesser blue crab
pink shrimp ornate crab
white shrimp portunus crab
trachypenaeus shrimp common mud crab
acetes shrimp mantis shrimp
palaemonetes shrimp brittle star
hermit crab

NOR u.v ,.. ,,
~om al ~in~ati s
- Denotes Confiial~
* Next to Weight VALUE
CONFI LBS
FISH
YEAR
92
92
92
92
92
92
COUNTY
BLADEN
BLADEN
BLADEN
BRUNSWICK
BRUNSWICK
BRUNSWICK
TYPE
Finfish OTHER/FtINGLUDES CONFI.)
F i of f sh
Ffnfish
Finfish
Shellfish
AMBERJACKS
BLUEFISH
COBIA
CROAKER, ATLANTIC.
DOLPHINFISH
DRUM,RED
FLOUNDERS, FLUKE
GROUPERS
GRUNTS
HUGFISH
K.INGFISHES (SEA MULLET)
MACKEREL, KING
MACKEREL, SPANISH
MENHADEN, ATLANTIC
MULLETS
PORGIES
SEA BASSES
SEATROUT+ SPOTTED
SHAD
SHARKS
SHEEPSHEAD
SNAPPERS
5P0T
5WORDFISH
TILEFISH
TRIGGERFISH
TUNA
WAHOO
WEAKFISH tSEATROUT+ GREY)
WRECKFISH
UNCLASSIFIED FISH
OTHER/FtINGLUDES CONFI.)
BROWN SHRIMP
WHITE SHRIMP
CLAM, HARD (MEATS)
CRABS, BLUE, HARD
CRABS, BLUE, SOFT
OCTOPUS
OYSTER, FALL (MEATS)
OYSTER, SPRING (MEATS)

o
35+91b
61+255
5+174
3+921
1Ur071
227
11,729
281+374
69+246
12+873
21+089
42+762
20 , O~i3
5+207
91+315
32 + 792
307
9$+004
157+917
69+133
153+160
51+176
4,210
3+072
4+339
40+444
42 + 835
--------13+405
1+339+046
247+164
280+486
121 +790
183+898
66+671
57+725
NOTES If Other/TOTALSTdoRnotlincludeaconfidentaaladata` '•,
40
fo
411+410
414+498
f5+960
(1+260
f 11 +234
4271
fl$+493
4461 +799
f 27 + 107
419+243
413+569
469+645
49+841
(2+216
485+359
439 + 121
4379
(21+268
(350+014
(23+106
f202,127
437 +774
f6+04b
44+944
s2 +918
(50+991
424+995
---415+522
41+531+110
6397,321
4619,570
4416+119
464+549
4264+063
4212+507

~i~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~* N~o I~t -~ote~f i ~ a
i~' YEAR COUNTY TYPE FISH CONFI LBS VALUE
92 BRUNSWICK Shellfish OTHER/S (INCLUDES CONFI.)
---- 290
---------- - :670
-------------------
----
92 -----------
BRUNSWICK ---------
Shellfish _ 956+924 f1+974,799 __
92 BRUNSWICK 2x295x9T0 (3+505+909
92 CAMDEN Shellfish CRABS+ BLUEx HARD +- _._ _
OTHER/S<INCLUDES CONFI.> * .
----
92 -----------
CAMDEN ---------
Shellfish ---- ---------- -
0 -------------------
•O
92 CAMDEN O f0
92 CARTERET Finfish ALEiJIFE +-
AMBERJACKS 35+000 (15+428
ANGLERFISH (GOOSEFISH> 3+321 (2,473
BLUEFISH 518+392 199,035
BONITO +- .
BUTTERFISH 197+290 (63x060
CATFISHES +-
__ COBIA 4+119 f5+343
CROAKERx ATLANTIC 1+172.441 •364.995
CUTLASSFISHx ATLANTIC * .
DOLPHINFISH 8+757 (9,526
DRUM+BLACK 3+458 (602
DRUM+RED 31+146 (15,049
FLOUNDERSx FLUKE 1+447+130 (1+702+224
GARFISH * •
GROUPERS 170x303 1372x869
GRUNTS 36+734 f23+426
HAKES +- .
HARVESTFISH 70+194 120x264 _
HERRINGx THREAD 3x955x680 !136x277
HICKORY SHAD 914 (181
HOGFISH 3+354 61,205
JACKS 1x701 (447
KINOFISHES (SEA MULLET) 331+069 •179.029
MACKEREL+ KING 31x985 (44x124
MACKEREL+ SPANISH 88x168 •!23x472
MENHADENx ATLANTIC 6T+484x386 (1+741x317
MULLETS 776x243 1592x277
PERCHx YELLOW •
PIGFISH 69x853 (11x287
POMPANO 2+407 (2x506
PORGIES 86x805 f92x034
SEA BASSES 123x427 (172x757
SEATROUTx SPOTTED 140+242 f154x8u0
SHAD 238 (185
SHARKS 144x669 (76x866
SHARKSx DOGFISH 2x345 (211
NOTES If OTHER/F or OTHER/S is confidential :nd valuesa '.
then TOTALS do not include confidential data.

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resource:
M Wilmington Regional Office
Division of Marina Fisheries
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William T. Hogarth, Ph.D., Director
Ms. Sheri Lares
Greiner, Inc.
7650 W. Courtney Campbell Causeway
Tampa, Florida 33607
Dear Sheri:
~~~
~~~~
~EHNR
March 22, 1994
Enclosed please find tables of commercial landings expressed in dockside value for 1983-1991.
I have also included a table of species observed during interviews with recreational fisherman on the
shore in Brunswick County. If I can be of further assistance, please contact me.
Sincerely,
Rich Carpenter
Division of Marine Fisheries
RC/ek
Enclosures
127 Cord'aol Drive E»aaion, YlfiYrinOton, N.C. T8405~3845 • Tolophono 91~38~3800 • Fa 919~35a2004
An Equol Opportunigr Affirnu-tiw Action Emplo~or

1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SUMMARIZED
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
(05)
SPECIES
Bluefish
Croaker
Flounders, Fluke, Unclassified
King Whiting
Mullets
Sea Trout, Grey
Spot
Misc. Fish
Total Fish
Crab, Blue, Hard
Shrimps (heads on)
Clams, Hard (meats)
Oyster (meats)
Misc. Shellfish
Total Shellfish
County Total
POUNDS
7,173
4,722
,61,384
33,068
130,107
1,015
59,802
731,797
1,029,568
428,210
764,233
186,895
112,469
12,469
1,504,276
2,533,844
1983
VALUE
1,510
2,846
39,037
12,561
28,672
471
19,540
686,928
791,565
112,003
1,734,794
839,341
144,166
10,169
2,840,473
3,632,038

~ ~

1
t

r

1
1

1

1
1

~`~
SUMMARIZED \
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
(05)
1984
SPECIES
OUNDS
VALUE
Bluefish ' 1,437 387
Croaker 960 - 262
Flounders, Fluke, Unclassified 44,871 31,911
King Whiting 17,717 7,249
Mullets 63,087 20,041
Sea Basses, Unclassified 13,557 8,818
Sea Trout, Grey 1,768 589
Sea Trout, Spotted 595 395
Sharks 6,308 1-,690
Spot 26,785 ~ 10,440
Miscellaneous Finfish g382~~-- 76 2 945 0 ~pzt,8~c.~
05,399 ,1 1,208
Clams, Hard (Meats) 186;637 901,948
Oyster, Public, Sprin (Meats) 22,737 34,799
Oyster, Public, Fall Meats) ..57,570 95,636 --
Squid .980 ~ 501
Mi scel la eous Shellfish ~ ~~ 2 ~~~~~ ~ 40
.x;584 i 3
~
COUNTY TOTAL 2,362,110 _ 3,695,595
NOTE:. Landings of menhaden and thread herring are not shown in order not
to reveal private enterprise. In 1984, total landings for these
species were 19,125,458 pounds worth $4,849,949 to the fishermen.

' SUMMARIZED
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
(05) .
1985

SPECIES POUNDS VALUE
Amberjack 2,810 592
Bluefish 3,625 1,056
Croaker 703 298
Drum, Black 468 214
Flounders, Fluke, Unclass ified 21,179 11,465
Groupers 285,802 415,670
Grunts 30,754 8,791
King Mackerel 65,500 ~ 65,384
King Whiting 5,398 2,942
Mullets 25,426 9,170
Porgies 74,033 60,585
*Scups or Porgies 77,996 72,429
Sea Basses, Unclassified 18,130 14,276
Sea Trout, Grey 393 170
Shad 7,717 5,259
Sharks 11,171 4,115
Snappers 239,744 410,969
Spanish Mackerel 334 229
Spot 63,340 23,966
Tunas 7,657 9,281
Miscellaneous Fish 92,872 131,250
Total Fish 1,035,052 1,254,111
'Crab, Blue, Hard 358,329 87,334
Shrimps (heads on) 219,857 ~ 348,317
Clam, Hard (meats)
Oyster (meats) 149,965
77,015 585,955
151,976
Miscellaneous Shellfish 14,313 7,527
Total Shellfish 819,479 - 1,181,109
' COUNTY TOTAL 1,854,531 2,435,220
*Effective June 1985 the Scups/Porgies category is being reported as Scups
or Porgies. The total is obtained by summing all three categories.
NOTE: Landings of menhaden and thread herring are not shown in order not
to reveal private enterprise. In 1985, total state landings for
these species were 101,103,176 pounds worth E2,440,109 to the
fishermen.
~[
~.--

b
SPECIES
E Croaker .
f Flounder, Fluke, Unclassified
Groupers
King Whiting
Narlins
., Mullets
Porgies
Sea Bass
Sea Trout, Gray
Shad
Sharks
Snappers
Spot
Sturgeons
lilefish
luna s
Unclassified for Food
Miscellaneous Finfish
Total Finfish
' Crab, B1 ue, Hard
3 Shrimp (heads on)~
Clams, Hard (meats)
Oysters (meats)
~' Squids
Kiscellaneous Shellfish
total Shell '
~, fish
COUNTY TOTAL
~~
SUMrWR I ZED
BRUNSWICK
(5)
POUNDS
465
20,801
353,765
16,606
205
20,827
169,049
26,522
860
55,230
34,275
258,531
43,538
7,590
63,032
5,854
438
191,565
1,269,153
278,000
265,666
196,745
88,075
1,106
10,246
839,838
2,108,991
1986
VALUE
207
16,495
527,952
_ 11,073
80
6,254
151,443
19,298
406
24,301
7,668
460,547
14, 660
7,513
88,420
6,524
215
153,635
1,496,691
70,550
486,985
1,041,373
204,828
553
8,919
1,813,208
3,309,899
i

1
1
1
1
SPECIES
Cobia
Dolphinfish
Drum, Red
Flounder, Fluke, Unclassified
Groupers
Grunts
King Mackerel
King Whiting
Mullets
Porgies
Sea Bass
Sea Trout, Gray
Sea Trout, Spotted
Shad
Shark
Snappers
Spanish Mackerel
Spot
Tilefish
Triggerfish
Tunas
Wahoo
Miscellaneous Finfish
Total Finfish
Crab, Nard
Shrimp (heads on)
Clams, Hard (meats)
Oysters (meats)
Miscellaneous Shellfish
Total Shellfish
COUNTY TOTAL ~"
,~
SUMrIAARIIED
BRUNSWICK
(5)
POUNDS
4,312
5,847
1,756
13,219
430,213
64,818
49,667
25,158
27,667
151,135
28,506
162
651
33,674
33, 755
235,618
10,615
71,115
27,028
13,135
4,678
1,351
33,571
1,268,317
213,900
233,981
140,033
82,706
4,743
675,369
1,943,686
1987
VALUE
3,735
5,680
2,101
12,642
659,360
22, 349
49,918
13,581
8,945
135,579
26,426
395
166
25,881
8,274
454,433
3,943
27,184
28,490
6,063
5,709
1,450
40,798
1,543,768
75,485
436,942
803,372
196,653
2,136
1,514,588
3,058,356

SUMMARIZED
BRUNSWICK
(5)
SPECI
ES
1988

Drum, Red ._ POUNDS YAL U
E
Flounders. Fluke, Unclassified
Groupers 2'~
g~199
1,635
King Mackerel 346,222 9.028
King Whiting
" 38,437 576,775
Marlins 27,530 42,419
Mullet, Black 1,704 17,786
' Porgies 17,099 909
Sea Bass 183,539 5.994
Sea Trout, Gray 25,171 155,639
Shad 443 22 •~5
Sharks 42,978 229
Snappers 38,508 38.009
Spot 303,424 11,530
Tilefishes 32,040 576,717
Tunas 92,726 11,054
Miscellaneous Finfish 9,004 134,494
154,593 11, 267
Total Finfish 127,364

Crab, Hard 1,324,622 1,743,714
Shrimp (Heads-On) 217,034
Clams, Hard (Meats)
Conchs (Meats) 317,164
123,968 76.185
559,049
Oysters (Meats) 11,925 569,319
Miscellaneous Shellfish 55,157 6,158
161
658
Total Shellfish 356 ,
350

COUNTY TOTAL 725,604 1,372,719
2,050,226 3,116,433
NOTE: landings of menhaden and thread herrin
water totals in order to
e~-ere not included in th
protect prirat
for the state rere 74,954,543 pounds worthnS2 61455S6 e
Tota1 landings
,
1

1

'-
SUMMARIZED
BRUNSWICK COUNTY
r (05)
~~
Bluefish ~~
' Cobia 23,096
Croaker 2,229
Flounders, Fluke, Unclassified 985
Groupers 2.787
King Mackerel 283,836
King Whiting 33,763
' Mullet, Black 5,915
Porgies 9,954
Sea Bass 183,743
Sea Trout, Gray 28,172
Shad 6,426
Sharks 25,611
Snappers 49,985
' Spot 285,341
Tilefishes 26,187
Tunas 68,054
' Unclassified for Food 7,738
Miscellaneous Finfish 3,378
84 951
' .Total Finfish
1
332
16
,
,
1
Crabs, Hard
Shrimps (Heads-On) 181,650
Clams, Hard (Meats) 633,576
Oysters (Meats) 177,888
Miscellaneous Shellfish 81.817
54
Total Shellfish
1,075,085
,WATER TOTAL -
2
407
2
,
,
46
1989
VA -TTR
$ 5,336
2,125
475
5,104
452,363
39,799
4,626
6,491
156,609
25,350
4,257
24,351
12,393
575,330
11,871
123,996
13,442
1,442
2-- 5-~0~
$1,716,265
$ 65,590
1,063,620
810,395
258,182
---~~
$2,197,841
$3,914,106
NOTE: Landings of menhaden and thread herring were not inclu
' water totals in order to p rivate a ded in the
for the state were 66,756,288ecot
p ands worthn$1 808S906,Tota1 landings
1

90 NORTH CAROLINA COMMERCIAL ,
COUNTY Tq[+LE LANDINGS
TYPE GkUNSWICk
FISH
------------------- LCsS
FintisA AMEEF.IACKS ------------------------------ -- VALUE
EtLUEF I SH ---`_------
BGNTIO • -~`
COBIA •
CROAkEk
OOLPHINFISH
ORUM•RED •
FLOUNDERS. FLUKE
GROUPERS
GRUNTS
HAI:ES
HOGFiSH r
JACi.'S r
-:ING WHITING (SEA ~x.LET) r
MACKEREL, KINf3
MACKEREL. SPANISH
MENHADEN •
MULLETS w
PO~'ANO r
PORGIES r
SEA EASSES
SEATROUT• GREY. (WEAKKFISH) •
~DROU7~ ~~'POTTED
r
SHARPS ~
SNAPPERS
SPOT
STURGEONS
SWORDFISH •
TILEFISH •
TRIGGERFISH w
TUNA r
t•1AH00 r
WRECI:F I SH r
UNCLASSIFIED FISH r
TOTAL r
S~ • 1 1 t i s A GRt~1,IN SI,IR I Mp
PINK SHRIMP
WHITE SHRIMP
CLAM. HARD (1'IEAT$)
CGNCHS (MEATS)
CRACtS• BLUE. HARD ~
CRAQS. BLUE. SOFT
OCTOPUS r
OYSTER. FALL tMEATS! r
OYSTER. SPRING ~MEAT8!
TOTAL
G 2A~J D T 0'~ Iy L
~9`.~~is*
6.386
22.731
131
18.792
324.786
87.620
~M~
32.230
40.417
2!51 .046
47~
49~~
373.067
i Oz6gs
~~
~~
1, ~
•' 38T•4t31
7.733
,204,011
192.359
1 O. 9fi0
2>rl r690
27a
J 78
21.2J2
l6.~2•
1 . ! . 2 . ~~A
~,~'1y~535
=8.240
67.012
s1~
=120
(46.923
sa13.882
s3s. oTT
f26+602
•a~
~r
f226r668
sa2.613
~~
sl~a~
6713.934
sa~
s2.387w~~~
ss4~.482
f23.2T4
("626.432
•774.141
=2.284
f~7.626
~1.6a0
a 1 7S
=62.111
•i9. 7f,
~~5

~- ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _....---. ... ............ •~~ ,inn i ra
~ ~mer~ La~9a ~I st
t~i~ ~
~9 ~Y+
r 1 ~93
* Next to Weight - Denotes Confidenttal Data
COUNTY YEAR tYPE FISH

~
-
BRUNSWICk - ` 90 She 1 1 f i sh
~d ~
-----
bYStr=~3, S{~RINB tMEAt3l CONFI
j
,,
VALUE

1
.-•.,. ,T ~ .. _ _.
-- .
}

+
r

,.
`~ ~~+... 16x421 ~
~;~,
s: ------ ~ ~~~r~-YY-
+
•49.791

-

~
BRUNSW I CK 90
• ~~ ~ - •
, j .: .~ --------

1 2,994x535 ~ !4,594+695
~ ~ ~'+, j= : , •. r:.. , ~r
.
BLUEFISH ~ ,
1 ~ "~ BONTIO ,•r.
, ~ . 31.140
' a• : I
~ !6.074

11
gip ~
S e_
++ CR~~AKER x ATLANTIC Y
* ~~ ---
it DOLPHINFISH
DERS, FL N[C ~ ~
~ .
+~~ GROUPERS R ~ `~'- f7 LZ39

+~
GRUNTS
247x9$2 _
•407.134
,. FISH. ~ ~ toisl3 ~ te,23o

+• KINOFISHE3 (SEA MULLET) 16.651 '
+~ riEEELi KING !9 x E•55

u, MACk;EREL. SPANISH a~ +~1 •d9~2Z5

:+'
MENHADEN i ATLANTIC '`'
* 20.589
i
!6 x 993

» PIGFISH ___
~• PORGIES
a,- 154x66 l128,?57
:~ ~+, SEATROUt ~ .SPOTTED . *

:x?
~
SHAD

x1
is . _
t1 euwe g
a
j
t1 SNAPPERS
`~
~~
f+'
~~
~~1
r
~ } ijt i ~~ x
•
SPOT
340.913
23.800
TILEFISH ~ ~
•``: ~ '~ `" TRIQOERFI~~ ~~~': r ~~,~~ ,~~.; •.:;•: sc E -
'i, 31 996 r '''
!570,187
!9 x ~a93
~~ s2ox957
~~
~~ WAHOO *
WEAKF ~ ~ ----
ISH (SEATROU7x GREY) * ~

»..
• ~

! u '
• ~ UNCLASSIFIED FISH
---
•

o~'
l -----~-~ -
-- ----~---..
BR +~+
`
26.296
l14, 154
u BWICK 91
Ftnei.h .~---- -------- -.tom------'-----

~+
'' .~ 1
BRUNSWICK 91 -
Shellfish BRGWN SHRIMP ~ 67~xsg f2 x 080. 80CL___ _

~~ a;
RITE SHRIMP 295,699 !412,867
u?, ,• CLAM, HARD (MEATS) '~9 ~c ~430ibb3

' .~' .

_ CRABS x BLUE i HARD
126x233 _
1440+373

x•
~.S~~
L11 217 i 600 , ~ " • ~ !6 5

a .
,~
OCTOPUS

.~
OYSTER, FALL (MEATS) * _

~~ x8,790
•215.404
N~.
/x _

~~ NOTES If OTHER/F or OTHER/S is confidential and values ' '
~~ JOTALG do n
4iL
~
'

' ~
s~. :: .
e
--
_udx+ conf I
siential data_
.
~~. -

..n a.v•.~avw ter ran r1 lt5
•"~ ° ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , vinma~ L~8• ~I st ~ ~19 ~Y+ ~ I ~9 ,
+- NeKt to Weight - D~not~s Confidential Bata
COUNTY YEAR TYPE
' BRUNSWICK. 91
.~I - ~;
: .. _.;
~'!-~'- - ~. uallNaul k .mt
~ BRUNSWICK 91
FISH
CONFI
LBS
Shellfish OYSTER+,SPRINO.(MEAT33
__,,,,----- ~ 431113 ~;, Si3,`
-Sh~IlOl~k .. ;....c.....- ----- ~ 'E;1~x-~
2+653+153
VALUE
---1155+259 ___
-~LL222 s OZ@
f3+802+878
~ ~'"~• >~~~~`

~
u
n
i u
u

11 ...
w

~ ~~
+t
u
u4
»
n
» ~~~~ ~ ~._~

-

~ BLUEFISH -

COBIA "'
9KER+ At ANti
DOLPH I NF I aH
DRUM+RED
O IND ac ^ F ~ tKe
GROUPERS ,

'GRUNTS ~:
fl~SH

KINGFISHES (SEA MULLET)
MACKEREL, KING

MENHADEN• ATLANTIC y
MULLETS ~- ,'j
d 1 ~ 25!5
~ Ci+ 174
,Z o~•

10+071
~C2T
-^'-~- t t ~~g

2@1x374
'39,+246

~ t2,BT'3
2 r'O~
49.762

~'` - ~, _ d"+~_ ~
,
;` ~~;.' •` ~

~
I
• !

. ~ "'• "Y")la

ff!5+%O

~1 ~ 26Q___
,f11+234
•~ f2T 1
111 R , 49R

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® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
April 12, 1994
Lexie W. Schwabel
Greiner, Inc.
PO Box 31646 (33631-3416)
7650 W. Courtney Campbell Causeway
Tampa, FL 33607-1462
Dear M. Schwabel:
Attached is the protected wildlife species list you
requested for Brunswick County, North Carolina. This list
reflects the present state of the knowledge of protected
wildlife populations and are not specific to any one site.
Additional species may be present which are not known to
occur in the subject counties
If we can be of further service, please contact us.
Sincerely,
~-
Tom Henson, Coastal Project Leader
Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program
cc: Randall C. Wilson '
1
1
1
1

' PROTECTED AND FEDERAL CANDIDATB ANIMAL SPBCIBS
POTffidTIALY OCCURRING IN BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
~, Status Common Name
Fed . NC
Scientific Name Occurrence
'
C2 SC CAROLINA GOPHER FROG RANG CAPITO CAPITO
YP
SC
SC BROWN PELICAN
SNOWY EGRET PELBCANUS OCCIDENTALIS
EGRSTTA THULA Yp
yp
SC LITTLE BLUE HERON EGRBTTA CAERULEA Yp
SC TRICOLORED HERON EGRBTTA TRICOLOR yp
SC GLOSSY IBIS PLEGADIS FALCINELLUS yp
SC BLACK VULTURE CORAGYPS ATRATUS yp
LELT E BALD EAGLE HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS YN

E/SA SC
E COOPER'S HAWK
PEREGRINE FALCON ACCIPITER COOPERII
FALCO PEREGRINUS SN
SN
LELT T PIPING PLOVER CHARADRIUS MELODUS yp
T GULL-BILLED TERN STERNA NILOTICA SP
' SC BLACK SKIMMER RYNQiOPS NIGER yp
SC NORTHERN SAW-WHET OWL AEGOLIUS ACADICUS SN
LE E RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER PICOIDES BOREALIS yp
SC GOLDEN-CROWNED RINGLET REGQLUS SATRAPA SN
C2 SC LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE LAI~IUS LUDOVICIANUS Yp
C2 SC BACHMAN'S SPARROW AIMDPHII,A AESTIVALIS YP
C2
LE SR
E HENSLOW'S SPARROW.
SHORTNOSE STURGEON AML~DRAMUS HENSLOWII
ACIPENSER BREVIROSTRUM YP
YP
SC ATLANTIC STURGEON ACIPENSER OXYRHYNCHUS YP
SC BROADTAIL MADTOM NOTURUS SP 2 Yp
SC BLUEFIN KILLIFISH LUCANTIA GOODEZ yp
SC LEAST KILLIFISH HETSRANDRIA FORMOSA YP
C2 T CAROLINA PYGMY SUNFISH ELASSOMA BOEHLREI YP
SC STAR-NOSED MOLE -- EASTERN NC POPUL CONDYLURA CRISTATA POP 1 YP
C2 SC SOUTHEASTERN BAT MYOTIS AUSTRORIPARIUS YP
C2 SC RAFINESQUE'S BIG-EARED BAT PL$COTUS RAFINESQUII YP
SC BRAZILIAN FREE-TAILED BAT TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS YP
T EASTERN WOODRAT NEOTOMA FLORIDANA FLORIDANA YP
LE SPERM WHALE PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS Yp
LE FIN WHALE BALAENOPTERA PHYSALUS SN
LE SEI WHALE BALAENOPTERA BOREALIS SN
LE HUMPBACK WHALE 1~GAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE SN
LE RIGHT WHALE EUBALAENA GLACIALIS SN
LT T LOGGERHEAD TURTLE CARETTA CARETTA yp
LELT T GREEN TURTLE CHHI,ONIA MYDAS yp
LE E ATLANTIC RIDLEY (TURTLE) LEPIDOCHELYS KEMPII YN
SC DIAMONDBACK TERRAPIN MALACLEMYS TERRAPIN YP
T/SA T AMERICAN ALLIGATOR - ALLIGATOR MISSISSZPPIENSIS YP
SC MIMIC GLASS LIZARD OPHISAURUS MIMICUS YP
C2 SR SOUTHERN HOGNOSE SNAKE HETERODON SIMUS yp
C2 SC NORTHERN PINE SNAKE PITUOPHIS MELANOLEUCUS MELANOLEUCUS YP
C2 SR RARE SKIPPER PROBLEMA BULENTA YC
C2 SR PYXIE MOTH AGROTIS BUCHHOLZI YC
C2
C2 T
T WACCAMAW FATMUCKET
CAPE FEAR THREETOOTH LAHpSILIS FULLERKATI
TRIODOPSIS SOELNERI YC
yp
C2 E MAGNIFICENT RAMS-HORN PLANORBELLA MAGNIFICA YC
' NORTH CAROLINA ~PILDLIFB RB3OQRCBB CO1~SI89ION
Nongame & Endangered liildlifa Program
04/12/94 Page 1

1
DESCRIPTION OF STATUS CODES
Designation Description
LE or E Endangered
LT or T Threatened
SC Special Concern (state designation only)
Species listed as Endangered, Threatened or Special Concern are granted
protection under the North Carolina Endangered Species Act (N.C.G.S. _ 113
Article 25) or, for federally listed endangered and threatened species, under
1 the Federal Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543).
Designation Description
C1 Evidence supports consideration for federal endangered
or threatened status
C2 USFWS reviewing status of species
C3 USFWS reviewed status and found not needing federal
protection
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC) encourage all parties to consider federally designated C1
and C2 species in environmental planning.
Designation Description
PE Proposed for endangered status
PT Proposed for threatened status
PSC Proposed for special concern status (state designation
only)
Species proposed for listing as Endangered, Threatened or Special Concern are
not granted protection under the North Carolina Endangered Species Act
(N.C.G.S. _ 113 Article 25). The NCWRC encourages all parties to consider
these species in environmental planning. -
Designation Description
SR Significantly Rare
UNK Unknown Status
These species are designated by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program as
Significantly Rare or of Unknown Status. These designations are not defined
in legislation. The NCWRC encourages all parties to consider these species in
environmental planning.
N.C. wildlife Resources Commission
April 12, 1994
Noagame & Endangered wildlife Program

DESCRIPTION OF OCCURRENCE CODES
Y Present
N Present
B Present
F1 Present
T Present
the cow
year-round and breeds in the county.
year-round in the county, but does not breed.
only as a breeding resident in the county.
only as a winter resident or visitor in the county.
only as a transient or non-breeding summer resident in
ity.
N.C. Nildlife Resources Commission
April 12, 1994
Nongame & Badangered ~Pildlife Program

1
;~ ® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
1 Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director

May 4, 1994
Lexie W. Schwabel
Greiner, Inc.
PO Box 31646 (33631-3416)
7650 W. Courtney Campbell Causeway
Tampa, FL 33607-1462
Dear M. Schwabel:
Attached is the wildlife species list you requested for
Brunswick County, North Carolina. This list reflects the
present state of the knowledge of protected wildlife
populations. We do not have the capability to furnish site-
specific information since it can only be gained from
intensive surveys over long periods of time. Additional
species may be present which are not known to occur in the
subject counties
If we can be of further service, please contact us.
Sir eY'ely,
~~
~` ~-z.~_
Tom Henson, Coastal Project Leader
Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program
cc: Randall C. Wilson
1

<:.,,ua,.,.,...,..~,_

VSRTBBRATB SPSCIBS
POTBNTIALY OCCURRING IN BRUNSWICK COUNTY, NORTH CAROLIIJA
Status Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
Fed . NC
MABEE'S SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA MABEEI yp
SPOTTED SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM yp
MARBLED SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA OPACUM yp
TWO-TOED AMPHIUMA AMPHIUMA MEANS yp
SOUTHERN DUSKY SALAMANDER DESMOGNATHUS AURICULATUS yp
DWARF SALAMANDER EURYCEA QUADRIDIGITATA yp
SOUTHERN TWO-LINED SALAMANDER
THREE-LINED SALAMANDER EURYCEA CIRRIGERA
EURYCEA GUTTOLINEATA yp
yp
REDBACK SALAMANDER PLETHODON CINEREUS yp
SLIMY SALAMANDER PLETHODON GLUTINOSUS yp
MUD SALAMANDER PSEUDOTRITON MONTANUS yp
MANY-LINED SALAMANDER STEREOCHILUS MARGINATUS yp
DWARF WATERDOG NECTURUS PUNCTATUS yp
EASTERN NEWT NOTOPHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS yp
LESSER SIREN SIREN INTERMEDIA yp
GREATER SIREN SIREN LACERTINA yp
OAR TOAD
SOUTHERN TOAD BUFO QUERCICUS
BUFO TERRESTRIS yp
yp
FOWLER'S TOAD BUFO WOODHOUSEI yp
SOUTHERN CRICKET FROG ACRIS GRYLLUS yp
COPE'S GRAY TREEFROG HYLA CHRYSOSCELIS yp
GREEN TREEFROG HYLA CINEREA yp
PINE WOODS TREEFROG HYLA FEMORALIS yp
BARKING TREEFROG HYLA GRATIOSA yp
SQUIRREL TREEFROG HYLA SQUIRELLA yp
GRAY TREEFROG HYLA VERSICOLOR yp
BRIMLEY'S CHORUS FROG
SOUTHERN CHORUS FROG PSEUDACRIS BRIMLEYI
PSEUDACRIS NIGRITA yp
yp
ORNATE CHORUS FROG PSEUDACRIS ORNATA yp
SPRING PEEPER
LITTLE GRASS FROG PSEUDACRIS CRUCIFER
PSEUDACRIS OCULARIS yp
yp
EASTERN NARROWMOUTH TOAD GASTROPHRYNE CAROLINENSIS YP
EASTERN SPADEFOOT SCAPHIOPUS HOLBROORII yp
BULLFROG RANA CATESBEIANA yp
GREEN FROG RANA CLAMITANS yp
PICKEREL FROG RANA PALUSTRIS yp
SOUTHERN LEOPARD FROG RANA SPHENOCEPHALA yp
CARPENTER FROG RANA VIRGATIPES yp
C2 SC CAROLINA GOPHER FROG RANA CAPITO CAPITO yp
RED-THROATED LOON GAVIA STELLATA SN
;~ COMMON LOON GAVIA IMMER yN
PIED-BILLED GREBE PODILYMBUS PODICEPS yp
HORNED GREBE PODICEPS AURITUS SN
RED-NECKED GREBE PODICEPS GRISEGENA SN
EARED GREBE PODICEPS NIGRICOLLIS SN
CORY'S BREAKWATER CALONECTRIS DIOMEDEA T
LEACH'S.STORM-PETREL OCEANODROMA LEUCORHOA T
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program

BRUNSWICK COUNTY

Status Common Name
Fed . NC
5/4/94
Page 2
Scientific Name Occurrence
LE
C2NL
1
1

1

1
LE
1
SC BROWN PELICAN PELECANUS OCCIDENTALIS yp
SR DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT PHALACROCORAX AURITUS yp
SR ANHINGA ANHINGA ANHINGA Sp
SR AMERICAN BITTERN BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS yp
LEAST BITTERN IXOBRYCHUS EXILIS Sp
GREAT BLUE HERON ARDEA HERODIAS yp
GREAT EGRET CASMERODIUS ALBUS yp
SC SNOWY EGRET EGRETTA THULA yp
SC LITTLE BLUE HERON EGRETTA CAERULEA yp
SC TRICOLORED HERON EGRETTA TRICOLOR yp
CATTLE EGRET BUBULCUS IBIS gp
GREEN-BACKED HERON BUTORIDES STRIATUS yp
BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON NYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX yp
YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON NYCTANASSA VIOLACEA yp
WHITE IBIS EUDOCIMUS ALBUS YP
SC GLOSSY IBIS PLEGADIS FALCINELLUS yp
E WOOD STORK MYCTERIA AMERICANA T
FULVOUS WHISTLING-DUCK DENDROCYGNA BICOLOR SN
WOOD DUCK AIX SPONSA yp
GREEN-WINGED TEAL ANAS CRECCA SN
AMERICAN BLACK DUCK ANAS RUBRIPES yp
MALLARD ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS yp
NORTHERN PINTAIL ANAS ACUTA SN
BLUE-WINGED TEAL ANAS DISCORS SN
NORTHERN SHOVELER ANAS CLYPEATA SN
GADWALL ANAS STREPERA SN
AMERICAN WIGEON ANAS AMERICANA SN
CANVASBACK AYTHYA VALISINERIA SN
REDHEAD AYTHYA AMERICANA SN
RING-NECKED DUCK AYTHYA COLLARIS SN
GREATER SCAUP AYTHYA MARILA SN
LESSER SCAUP AYTHYA AFFINIS SN
COMMON EIDER SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA SN
OLDSQUAW CLANGULA HYEMALIS SN
BLACK SCOTER MELANITTA NIGRA SN
SURF SCOTER MELANITTA PERSPICILLATA SN
WHITE-WINGED SCOTER MELANITTA FUSCA SN
COMMON GOLDENEYE BUCEPHALA CLANGULA SN
BUFFLEHEAD BUCEPHALA ALBEOLA SN
HOODED MERGANSER LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS yp
COMMON MERGANSER MERGUS MERGANSER SN
RED-BREASTED MERGANSER MERGUS SERRATOR SN
RUDDY DUCK OXYURA JAMAICENSIS SN
SC BLACK VULTURE CORAGYPS ATRATUS yp
TURKEY VULTURE CATHARTES AURA yp
OSPREY -PANDION HALIAETUS SP
AMERICAN SWALLOW-TAILED RITE ELANOIDES FORFICATUS T
SR MISSISSIPPI RITE ICTINIA MISSISSIPPIENSIS T
E BALD EAGLE HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS YN
SR NORTHERN HARRIER CIRCUS CYANEUS SN
SR SHARP-SHINNED HAWK ACCIPITER STRIATUS SN
SC COOPER',S HAWK ACCIPITER COOPERII SN
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program

saurrsWZCx cot7N'rY
i
Status Common Name
Fed. NC
5/4/94
Page 3
Scientific Name Occurrence
1
~ ~.
~ ~,
1
1
LT

3C
r

1
RED-SHOULDERED HAWK BUTEO LINEATUS yp
BROAD-WINGED HAWK BUTEO PLATYPTERUS SP
RED-TAILED HAWK BUTEO JAMAICENSIS yp
ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK BUTEO LAGOPUS T
SR GOLDEN EAGLE AQUILA CHRYSAETOS SN
AMERICAN KESTREL FALCO SPARVERIUS SN
MERLIN FALCO COLUMBARIUS SN
E PEREGRINE FALCON FALCO PEREGRINUS SN
WILD TURKEY MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO yp
NORTHERN BOBWHITE COLINUS VIRGINIANUS yp
SR YELLOW RAIL COTURNICOPS NOVEBORACENSIS T
SR BLACK RAIL LATBRALLUS JAMAICENSIS T
CLAPPER RAIL RALLIIS LONGIROSTRIS YP
KING RAIL RALLUS ELEGANS yp
VIRGINIA RAIL RALLUS LIMICOLA SN
SORA PORZANA CAROLINA YN
SR PURPLE GALLINULE PORPHYRULA MARTZNICA SP
COMMON MOORHEN GALLINULA CHLOROPUS yp
AMERICAN COOT FULICA AMERICANA YN
SANDHILL CRANE GRUS CANADENSIS T
BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER PLWIALIS SQUATAROLA YN
LESSER GOLDEN-PLOVER PLWIALIS DOMINICA T
WILSON'S PLOVER CHARADRIUS WILSONIA SP
SEMIPALMATED PLOVER CHARADRIUS SEMIPALMATUS YN
T PIPING PLOVER CHARADRIUS MELODUS Yp
KILLDEER CHARADRIUS VOCIFERUS YP
AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER HAEMATOPUS PALLIATUS YP
SR BLACK-NECKED STILT HIMANTOPUS MEXICANUS SP
AMERICAN AVOCET RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA T
GREATER YELLOWLEGS TRINGA MELANOLEUCA YN
LESSER YELLOWLEGS TRINGA FLAVIPES SN
SOLITARY SANDPIPER TRINGA SOLITARIA T
WILLET -CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS YP
SPOTTED SANDPIPER ACTITIS MACULARIA Yp
UPLAND SANDPIPER BARTRAMIA LONGICAUDA T
WHIMBREL NUMENIUS PHAEOPUS YN
LONG-BILLED CURLEW NUMBNIUS AMERICANUS SN
HUDSONIAN GODWIT LIMOSA HAEMASTICA T
MARBLED GODWIT LIMOSA FEDOA YN
RUDDY TURNSTONE ARENARIA INTERPRES YN
RED KNOT CALIDRIS CANUTUS YN
SANDERLING CALIDRIS ALBA YN
SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER _
CALIDRIS PUSILLA YN
WESTERN SANDPIPER CALIDRIS MAURI YN
LEAST SANDPIPER CALIDRIS MINUTILLA YN
WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER CALIDRIS FUSCICOLLIS T
BAIRD'S SANDPIPER CALIDRIS BAIRDII T
PECTORAL SANDPIPER CALIDRIS MELANOTOS T
PURPLE SANDPIPER CALIDRIS MARITIMA SN
DUNLIN CALIDRIS ALPINA YN
STILT SANDPIPER CALIDRIS HIMANTOPUS T
BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER TRYNGITES SUHRUFICOLLIS T
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nonqame and Endangered Wildlife Program

BRUNSWICK COUNTY 5/4/94 Paqe 4
Status Common Name
Fed. NC
Scientific Name Occurrence
LE
t
C2
r

1

1
SHORT-BILLED DOWITCHER LIMNODROMUS GRISEUS YN
LONG-BILLED DOWZTCHER LIMNODROMUS SCOLOPACEUS YN
COMMON SNIPE GALLINAGO GALLINAGO SN
AMERICAN WOODCOCK SCOLOPAX MINOR Yp
WILSON'S PHALAROPE PHALAROPUS TRICOLOR T
RED-NECKED PHALAROPE PHALAROPUS LOBATUS T
RED PHALAROPE PHALAROPUS FULICARIA T
POMARINE JAEGER STERCORARIUS POMARINUS T
PARASITIC JAEGER STERCORARIUS PARASITICUS T
LONG-TAILED JAEGER STERCORARIUS LONGICAUDUS T
LAUGHING GULL LARDS ATRICILLA yp
COMMON BLACK-HEADED GULL LARDS RIDZBUNDUS SN
BONAPARTE'S GULL LARDS PHILADELPHIA SN
• RING-BILLED GULL LARDS DELAWARENSIS YN
HERRING GULL LARDS ARGENTATUS Yp
LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL LARDS FUSCUS SN
GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL LARDS MARZNUS SN
BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKE RISSA TRIDACTYLA SN
T GULL-BILLED TERN STERNA NZLOTICA SP
SR CASPIAN TERN STERNA CASPIA SN
ROYAL TERN STERNA MAXIMA Yp
SANDWICH TERN STERNA SANDVICENSIS SP
E ROSEATE TERN STERNA DOUGALLII T
COMMON TERN STERNA HIRUNDO
ARCTIC TERN STERNA PARADISAEA T
FORSTER'S TERN STERNA FORSTERI YN
LEAST TERN STERNA ANTILLARUM SP
SOOTY TERN STERNA FUSCATA T
BLACK TERN CHLIDONIAS NIGER T
SC BLACK SKIMMER RYNCHOPS NIGER yp
DOVEKIE ALLE ALLE SN
RAZORBILL ALCA TORDA SN
ROCK DOVE COLUMBA LIVIA yp
MOURNING DOVE ZENAIDA MACROURA YP
SR COMMON GROUND-DOVE COLUMBINA PASSERINA YP
SR BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO COCCYZUS ERYTHROPTHALMUS T
YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO COCCYZUS AMERICANUS SP
BARN OWL TYTO ALBA YP
EASTERN SCREECH-OWL - OTUS ASIO yp
GREAT HORNED OWL BUBO VIRGINZANUS YP
BARRED OWL STRIX VARIA yp
LONG-EARED OWL ASIO OTUS SN
SHORT-EARED OWL ASIO FLAMMEUS SN
SC NORTHERN SAW-WHET OWL AEGOLIUS ACADICUS SN
COMMON NIGHTHAWK CHORDEILES MINOR SP
CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW - CAPRIMULGUS CAROLINENSIS SP
WHIP-POOR-WILL CAPRIMULGUS VOCIFERUS Yp
CHIMNEY SWIFT CHAETURA PELAGICA SP
RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS SP
BELTED KINGFISHER _ CERYLE ALCYON YP
RED-HEADED WOODPECKER MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS YP
RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER MELANERPES CAROLINUS YP
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program

BRUNSWICK COUNTY 5/4/94 Page 5
Status Common Name
Fed. NC
1~
t
1

1
C2
1

1
1
SR YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER
DOWNY WOODPECKER
HAIRY WOODPECKER
E RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER
NORTHERN FLICKER
PILEATED WOODPECKER
SC OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER
EASTERN WOOD-PEWEE
YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER
ACADIAN FLYCATCHER
SR ALDER FLYCATCHER
WILLOW FLYCATCHER
LEAST FLYCATCHER
EASTERN PHOEBE
GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER
WESTERN KINGBIRD
EASTERN KINGBIRD
HORNED LARK
PURPLE MARTIN
TREE SWALLOW
NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW
SR BANK SWALLOW
CLIFF SWALLOW
BARN SWALLOW
BLUE JAY
AMERICAN CROW
FISH CROW
SR COMMON RAVEN
CAROLINA CHICKADEE
TUFTED TITMOUSE
RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH
WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH
BROWN-HEADED NUTHATCH
BROWN CREEPER
CAROLINA WREN
E APPALACHIAN BEWICR'S WREN
HOUSE WREN
WINTER WREN
SEDGE WREN
MARSH WREN
SC GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET
RUBY-CROWNED RINGLET
BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER
EASTERN BLUEBIRD
VEERY
GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH
SWAINSON'S THRUSH
SR HERMIT THRUSH
WOOD THRUSH
AMERICAN ROBIN
GRAY CATBIRD
NORTHERNi MOCKINGBIRD
Scientific Name
SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS
PICOIDES PUBESCENS
PICOIDES VILLOSUS
PICOIDES BOREALIS
COLAPTES AURATUS
DRYOCOPUS PILEATUS
CONTOPUS BOREALIS
CONTOPUS VIRENS
EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS
EMPIDONAX VIRESCENS
EMPIDONAX ALNORUM
EMPIDONAX TRAILLII
EMPIDONAX MINIMUS
SAYORNIS PHOEBE
MYIARCHUS CRINITUS
TYRANNUS VERTICALIS
TYRANNUS TYRANNUS
EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS
PROGNE SUBIS
TACHYCINETA BICOLOR
STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS
RIPARIA RIPARIA
HIRUNDO PYRRHONOTA
HIRUNDO AUSTICA
CYANOCITTA CRISTATA
CORWS BRACHYRHYNCHOS
CORWS OSSIFRAGUS
CORWS CORAX
PARUS CAROLINENSIS
PARUS BICOLOR
SITTA CANADENSIS
SITTA CAROLINENSIS
SITTA PUSILLA
CERTHIA AMERICANA
THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS
THRYOMANES BEWICKII ALTUS
TROGLODYTES AEDON
TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES
CISTOTHORUS PLATENSIS
CISTOTHORUS PALUSTRIS
REGULUS SATRAPA
REGULUS CALENDULA
POLIOPTILA CAERULEA
SIALIA SIALIS
CATHARUS FUSCESCENS
CATHARUS MINIMUS
CATHARUS USTULATUS
CATBARUS GUTTATUS
HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA
TURDIIS MIGRATORIUS
DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS
MIMU3 POLYGLOTTOS
Occurrence
SN
YP
YP
YP
YP
YP
T
SP
T
SP
T
T
T
SN
SP
T
SP
SN
SP
SN
SP
T
T
SP
YP
YP
YP
T
YP
YP
SN
YP
YP
SN
YP
T
SN
SN
SN
YP
SN
SN
YP
YP
T
T
T
SN
SP
YP
YP
YP
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program

BRUNSWICK COUNTY 5/4/94 Page 6
Status
Fed . NC Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
BROWN THRASHER TOXOSTOMA RUFUM yp
AMERICAN PIPIT ANTHUS RUBESCENS SN
CEDAR WAXWING BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM SN
C2 SC LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE LANIUS LUDOVZCIANUS yp
EUROPEAN STARLING STURNUS VULGARIS yp
WHITE-EYED VIREO VIREO GRISEUS yp
SOLITARY VIREO VIREO SOLITARIUS SN
YELLOW-THROATED VIREO VIRBO FLAVIFRONS Sp
SR WARBLING VIREO VIRGO GILWS T
PHILADELPHIA VIREO VIRGO PHILADELPHICUS T
RED-EYED VIREO VIR80 OLIVACEUS gp
GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER VERIIIVORA CHRYSOPTERA T
TENNESSEE WARBLER VERlSIVORA PEREGRINA T
ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER VERlsIVORA CELATA SN
NASHVILLE WARBLER VER!lIVORA RUFICAPILLA T
NORTHERN PARULA PARIILA AMERICANA SP
YELLOW WARBLER DENDROICA PETECHIA T
CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER DENDROZCA PENSYLVANICA T
SR MAGNOLIA WARBLER DENDROICA MAGNOLIA T
CAPE MAY WARBLER DENDROICA TIGRINA T
BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER DENDROICA CAERULESCENS T
YELLOW-BUMPED WARBLER DENDROICA CORONATA SN
BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER DENDROICA VZRENS Sp
BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER DENDROICA FUSCA T
YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER DENDROICA DOMINICA SP
PINE WARBLER DENDROICA PINUS yp
PRAIRIE WARBLER DENDROICA DISCOLOR SP
PALM WARBLER DENDROICA PALMARUM T
BAY-BREASTED WARBLER DENDROICA CASTANEA T
BLACKPOLL WARBLER DENDROICA STRIATA T
BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER MNIOTILTA VARIA SN
AMERICAN REDSTART SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA T
PROTHONOTARY WARBLER PROTONOTARIA CITREA SP
WORM-EATING. WARBLER HELlsITHEROS VERMIVORUS T
SWAINSON'S WARBLER LZM~IOTHLYPIS SWAINSONII SP
OVENBIRD SEIQRUS AUROCAPILLUS T
NORTHERN WATERTHRUSH SEIIIRUS NOVEBORACENSIS T
LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSH SEIDRUS MOTACILLA T
KENTUCKY WARBLER OPOItORNIS FORMOSUS SP
CONNECTICUT WARBLER OPORORNIS AGILZS T
COMMON YELLOWTHROAT GEOTFiLYPIS TRICHAS yp
HOODED WARBLER WZLSONIA CITRINA Sp
WILSON'S WARBLER WILSONIA PUSILLA T
YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT ICTSRIA VIRENS Sp
SUMMER TANAGER PIR]lNGA RUBRA Sp
SCARLET TANAGER PIRANGA OLIVACEA T
NORTHERN CARDINAL CARDINALIS CARDINALIS YP
ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK PHEQCTICUS LUDOVICZANUS T
BLUE GROSBEAK GUIRACA CAERULEA Sp
INDIGO BUNTING PASSERINA CYANEA SP
PAINTED BUNTING PASSERINA CIRIS SP
DICRCISSEL SPINA AMERICANA T
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife•Program

BRUNSIPICK COUNTY 5/4/94 Page 7
t
t
1
1

1

Status Common Name
Fed . NC
Scientific Name Occurrence
C2
C2
LE
1

RUFOUS-SIDED TOWHEE PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS Yp
SC BACHMAN'S SPARROW AIMOPHILA AESTIVALIS yp
AMERICAN TREE SPARROW SPIZELLA ARBOREA T
CHIPPING SPARROW SPIBELLA PASSERINA yp
CLAY-COLORED SPARROW SPIZELLA PALLIDA T
FIELD SPARROW SPIZELLA PUSILLA yp
VESPER SPARROW POOSCETES GRAMINEUS T
SR LARK SPARROW CHONDESTES GRAMMACUS T
SR SAVANNAH SPARROW ~ PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SN
GRASSHOPPER SPARROW AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM SN
SR HENSLOW'S SPARROW AMMODRAMUS HENSLOWII yp
LE CONTE'S SPARROW AMl~DRAMUS LECONTEII SN
SHARP-TAILED SPARROW AMMODRAMUS CAUDACUTUS SN
SEASIDE SPARROW AMMODRAMUS MARITIMUS yp
FOX SPARROW PASSERELLA ILIACA SN
SONG SPARROW MELOSPIZA MELODIA SN
LINCOLN'S SPARROW MELOSPIZA LINCOLNII T
SWAMP SPARROW MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA SN
WHITE-THROATED SPARROW ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS SN
WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW ZONOTRICHZA LEUCOPHRYS T
DARK-EYED JUNCO JUN00 HYEMALIS SN
LAPLAND LONGSPUR CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS SN
BOBOLINK DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS T
RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS Yp
EASTERN MEADOWLARK STURNELLA MAGNA yp
RUSTY BLACKBIRD EUPHAGUS CRROLINUS SN
BOAT-TAILED GRACKLE QUISCALUS MAJOR yp
COMMON GRACKLE QUISCALUS QUISCULA YP
BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD MOLOTHRUS ATER yp
ORCHARD ORIOLE ICTffitUS SPURIUS SP
NORTHERN ORIOLE ICTBRUS GALBULA SN
PURPLE FINCH CARPODACUS PURPUREUS SN
HOUSE FINCH CARPODACUS MEXICANUS YP
PINE SISKIN CARDUELIS PINUS SN
AMERICAN GOLDFINCH CARDUELIS TRISTIS SN
EVENING GROSBEAK COCOOTHRAUSTES VESPERTINUS SN
HOUSE SPARROW PASSER DOMESTICUS yp
SEA LAMPREY PETROMYZON MARINUS Yp
E SHORTNOSE STURGEON ACIPENSER BREVIROSTRUM ~ YP
SC ATLANTIC STURGEON ACIPENSER OXYRHYNCHUS YP
LONGNOSE GAR LEPISOSTEUS OSSEUS Yp
BOWFIN AMU CALVA yp
AMERICAN EEL ANGIIILLA ROSTRATA YN
BLUEBACR HERRING ALOSA AESTIVALIS YP
HICKORY SHAD ALOSA MEDIOCRIS Yp
ALEWIFE ALOSA PSEUDOHARENGUS Yp
AMERICAN SHAD ALOSA SAPIDISSIMA yp
GIZZARD SHAD DORQSOMA CEPEDIANUM YP
BAY ANCHOVY ANCHOA MITCHILLI YP
EASTERN MUDMINNOW UMBRA PYGMAEA _ yp
REDFIN PICKEREL ESOZ AMERICANUS YP
CHAIN EICREREL ESOZ NIGER yp
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program

BRUNSWICK COUNTY 5/4/94 Paqe S
Status
Fed. NC Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO yp
GOLDEN SHINER NOTEMIGONUS CRYSOLEUCAS yp
IRONCOLOR SHINER NOTROPIS CHALYBAEUS yp
DUSKY SHINER NOTROPIS CUMMINGSAE yp
SPOTTAIL SHINER
TAILLIGHT SHINER NOTROPIS HUDSONIUS
NOTROPIS MACULATUS yp
yp
COASTAL SHINER NOTROPIS PETERSONI yp
CREEK CHUBSUCKER ERIMYZON OBLONGUS yp
SPOTTED SUCKER MINYTREMA MELANOPS yp
SILVER REDHORSE MO%OSTOMA ANISURUM yp
CHANNEL CATFISH ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS yp
TADPOLE MADTOM NOTIIRUS GYRINUS yp
MARGINED MADTOM NOTIIRUS INSIGNIS yp
SC BROADTAIL MADTOM NOTIIRUS SP 2 yp
WHITE CATFISH AMEIURUS CATUS yp
YELLOW BULLHEAD AMEIURUS NATALIS yp
BROWN BULLHEAD AMEIURUS NEBULOSUS yp
SWAMPFISH CHOLOGASTER CORNUTA yp
PIRATE PERCH APHREDODERUS SAYANUS yp
ATLANTIC NEEDLEFISH STRONGYLURA MARINA yp
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS yp
MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS YP
LINED TOPMINNOW FUNDULUS LINEOLATUS YP
SC BLUEFIN KILLIFISH LUCANIA GOODEI yp
RAINWATER KILLIFISH LUCANIA PARVA yp
EASTERN MOSQUITOFISH GAMBUSIA HOLBROORI yp
SC LEAST KILLIFISH HET$RANDRIA FORMOSA YP
SAILFIN MOLLY POECILIA LATIPINNA yp
INLAND SILVERSIDE MENIDIA BERYLLINA yp
SR OPOSSUM PIPEFISH MICROPHIS BRACHYURUS YP
WHITE PERCH MORONE AMERICANA yp
STRIPED BASS
MUD SUNFISH MORONE SAXATILIS
ACANTHARCHUS POMOTIS SP
yp
FLIER CENTRARCHUS MACROFTERUS YP
EVERGLADES PYGMY SUNFISH ELASSOMA EVERGLADEI YP
BANDED PYGMY SUNFISH ELASSOMA ZONATUM yp
C2 T CAROLINA PYGMY SUNFISH ELASSOMA BOEHLKEI YP
BLACKBANDED SUNFISH ENNSACANTHUS CHAETODON YP
- BLUESPOTTED SUNFISH ENNBACANTHUS GLORIOSUS ~ Yp
BANDED SUNFISH ENNSACANTHUS OBESUS yp
REDBREAST SUNFISH LEPOMZS AURITUS yp
PUMPKINSEED LEPOMIS GIBBOSUS yp
WARMOUTH LEPOMIS GULOSUS yp
BLUEGILL LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS yp
DOLLAR SUNFISH LEPOMZS MARGINATUS yp
SPOTTED SUNFISH LEPOMIS PUNCTATUS yp
LARGEMOUTH BASS MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES Yp
BLACK CRAPPIE POMOXZS NIGROMACULATUS Yp
SWAMP DARTER ETHSOSTOMA FUSIFORME YF
TESSELLATED DARTER ETHBOSTOMA OLMSTEDI yp
SAWCHEER DARTER ETHFASTOMA SERRIFER YF
YELLOW PERCH PERCA FLAVESCENS yp
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program

BRUNSWICK COUNTY 5/4/94 Page 9
r

1
1
Status Common Name
Fed. NC
Scientific Name Occurrence
C2
r
C2
1

LE

PIEDMONT DARTER PERCINA CRASSA yp
STRIPED MULLET MUGIL CEPHALUS yp
WHITE MULLET MUGIL CUREMA yp
FAT SLEEPER DORMITATOR MACULATUS yp
SR SPINYCHEEK SLEEPER ELEOTRIS PISONIS yp
SR MARRED GOBY GOBIONELLUS STIGMATICUS yC
SR FRECKLED BLENNY HYPSOBLENNIUS IONTHAS
HOGCHORER TRINECTES MACULATUS yp
VIRGINIA OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA yp
SOUTHEASTERN SHREW SORBX LONGIROSTRIS yp
NORTHERN SHORT-TAILED SHREW BLARINA BREVICAUDA yp
SOUTHERN SHORT-TAILED SHREW BLARINA CAROLINENSIS yp
LEAST SHREW CRYPTOTIS PARVA yp
EASTERN MOLE SCALOPUS AQUATICUS yp
SC STAR-NOSED MOLE -- EASTERN NC POPUL CONDYLURA CRISTATA POP 1 yp
SC SOUTHEASTERN BAT .MYOTIS AUSTRORIPARZUS yp
SILVER-HAIRED BAT LASIONYCTERIS NOCTIVAGANS SN
EASTERN PIPISTRELLE PIPISTRELLUS SUBFLAWS yp
BIG BROWN BAT EPTBSICUS FUSCUS yp
RED BAT LASIURUS BOREALIS yp
SEMINOLE BAT LASIURUS SEMINOLUS yp
HOARY BAT LASIIIRUS CINEREUS yp
EVENING BAT NYCTICEIUS HUMERALZS yp
SC RAFINESQUE'S BIG-EARED BAT PLECOTUS RAFINESQUII yp
SC BRAZILIAN FREE-TAILED BAT TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS yp
MARSH RABBIT SYLVILAGUS PALUSTRIS yp
EASTERN COTTONTAIL SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS yp
GRAY SQUIRREL SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS yp
SR FOX SQUIRREL SCIURUS NIGER
SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL GLAUCOMYS VOLANS yp
BEAVER CASTOR CANADENSIS yp
MARSH RICE RAT ORYZOMYS PALUSTRIS yp
EASTERN HARVEST MOUSE REITHRODONTOMYS HUMULIS yp
COTTON MOUSE PEROMYSCUS GOSSYPINUS yp
GOLDEN MOUSE OCHROTOMYS NUTTALLI yp
HISPID COTTON RAT SIGMODON HISPIDUS yp
T EASTERN WOODRAT NEOTOMA FLORIDANA FLORZDANA yp
WOODLAND VOLE MICROTUS PINETORUM yp
MUSKRAT ONDATRA ZIBETHICUS yp
BLACK ~T RATTUS RATTUS yp
NORWAY RAT RATTUS NORVEGICUS yp
HOUSE MOUSE MUS MUSCULUS yp
TROPICAL BEAKED WHALE MESOPLODON DENSIROSTRIS yp
TRUB'S BEAKED WHALE MESOPLODON MIRUS yp
PYGMY SPERM WHALE KOGIA BREVICEPS yp
SPERM WHALE PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS yp
STRIPED DOLPHIN STENELLA COERULEOALBA yp
SADDLE-BACKED DOLPHIN DELPHINUS DELPHIS yp
ATLANTIC BOTTLE-NOSE DOLPHIN TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS yp
BILLER WHALE ORCINUS ORCA yp
RISSO'S DOLPHIN _
GRAMPUS GRISEUS yp
SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALE GLOBICEPHALA MACRORHYNCHUS yp
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program

BRUNSWICK COUNTY 5/4/94 Page 10
e
Status Common Name
Fed. NC
Scientific Name Occurrence
LE
LE
LE
LE
FINBACK WHALE
SEI WHALE
MINRE WHALE
HUMPBACK WHALE
BLACK RIGHT WHALE
RED FOX
GRAY FOX
BLACK BEAR
RACCOON
LONG-TAILED WEASEL
MINK
STRIPED SKUNK
RIVER OTTER
HARBOR SEAL
BOBCAT
WEST INDIAN MANATEE
WHITE-TAILED DEER
LOGGERHEAD TURTLE
GREEN TURTLE
HAWKSBILL TURTLE
BALAENOPTERA PHYSALUS SN
BALAENOPTERA BOREALIS SN
BALAENOPTERA ACUTOROSTRATA SN
MEGAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE SN
EUBALAENA GLACIALZS SN
WLPES VULPES yp
UROCYON CINEREOARGENTEUS yp
URSUS AMERICANUS yp
PROCYON LOTOR yp
MUSTELA FRENATA yp
MUSTELA VZSON yp
MEPHITIS MEPHITIS yp
LUTRA CANADENSIS yp
PHOCA VITULINA SN
LYNX RUFUS yp
TRZCHECHUS MANATUS T
ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS yp
CARETTA CARETTA yp
CHELONIA MYDAS yp
ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA T
LEPIDOCHELYS REMPII yN
CHELYDRA SERPENTINA yp
DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA T
CLEMMYS GUTTATA yp
DEZROCHELYS RETICULARIA yp
MALACLEMYS TERRAPIN yp
PSEUDEMYS CONCINNA yp
PSEUDEMYS FLORIDANA yp
TERRAPENE CAROLINA yp
TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA yp
RINOSTERNON BAURII yp
RINOSTERNON SUBRUBRUM yp
STERNOTHERUS ODORATUS yp
APALONE SPINIFERA yp
ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS yp
OPHISAURUS ATTENUATUS yp
OPHISAURUS VENTRALIS yp
OPHISAURUS MIMICUS yp
ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS yp
SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS yp
EUMECES FASCIATUS yp
EUMECES INEXPECTATUS yp
EUMECES LATICEPS yp
SCINCELLA LATERALIS yp
CNEMIDOPHORUS SEXLINEATUS YP
CARPHOPHIS AMOENUS yp
CEMOPHORA COCCINEA yp
COLUBER CONSTRICTOR yp
DIADOPHIS PUNCTATUS yp
ELAPHE GUTTATA yp
ELAPHE OBSOLETA yp
FARANCIA ABACURA yp
SR

LE E
LT T
LT T
LE E
LE E
LE E
~ ,~
1
1
' , ,. .
_~
1
1
1
ATLANTIC RZDLEY (TURTLE)
SNAPPING TURTLE
LEATHERBACK TURTLE
SPOTTED TURTLE
CHICKEN TURTLE
DIAMONDBACK TERRAPIN
RIVER COOTER
FLORIDA COOTER
EASTERN BOX TURTLE
YELLOWBELLY SLIDER
STRIPED MUD TURTLE
EASTERN MUD TURTLE
COMMON MUSK TURTLE
SPINY SOFTSHELL
AMERICAN ALLIGATOR
SLENDER GLASS LIZARD
EASTERN GLASS LIZARD
MIMIC GLASS LIZARD
GREEN ANGLE
EASTERN FENCE LIZARD
FIVE-LINED SRINR
SOUTHEASTERN FIVE-LINED SKINK
BROADHEAD SKINK
GROUND SRZNK
SIX-LINED RACERUNNER
WORM SNAKE
SCARLET SNARE
RACER
RINGNECR SNAKE
CORN SNARE
RAT SNARE
MUD SNARE
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Proqram

BRUNS~PICR COUNTY
Status
Fed. NC
RAINBOW SNAKE
EASTERN HOGNOSE SNAKE
C2 SR SOUTHERN HOGNOSE SNAKE
MOLE KINGSNARE
COMMON KINGSNARE
MILK SNARE
COACHWHIP
REDBELLY WATER SNAKE
BANDED WATER SNAKE
BROWN WATER SNAKE
ROUGH GREEN SNAKE
C2 SC NORTHERN PINE SNAKE
I GLOSSY CRAYFISH SNAKE
PINE WOODS SNARE
BLACK SWAMP SNAKE
BROWN SNAKE
REDBELLY SNAKE
SOUTHEASTERN CROWNED SNARE
EASTERN RIBBON SNAKE
COMMON GARTER SNAKE
ROUGH EARTH SNARE
SMOOTH EARTH SNAKE
SR EASTERN CORAL SNAKE
COPPERHEAD
_ COTTONMOUTH
SR EASTERN DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE
TIMBER RATTLESNAKE
SR PIGMY RATTLESNAKE
1

r

FARANCIA ERYTROGRAMMA yp
HETERODON PLATIRHINOS yp
HETERODON SIMUS yp
LAMPROPELTIS CALLIGASTER yp
LAMPROPELTIS GETULA yp
LAMPROPELTIS TRIANGULUM yp
MASTICOPHIS FLAGELLUM yp
NERODIA ERYTHROGASTER yp
NERODIA FASCIATA yp
NERODIA TAXISPILOTA yp
OPHEODRYS AESTIWS yp
PITUOPHIS MELANOLEUCUS MELANOLEUCUS YP
REGINA RIGIDA yp
RHADINAEA FLAVILATA yp
SEMINATRIX PYGAEA yp
STORERIA DERAYI YP
STORERIA OCCIPITOMACULATA YP
TANTILLA CORONATA yp
THAMNOPHZS SAURITUS Yp
THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS yp
VIRGINIA STRIATULA Yp
VIRGINIA VALERIAE Yp
MICRURUS FULVIUS Yp
AGKISTRODON CONTORTRIX YP
AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS Yp
CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS YP
CROTALUS HORRIDUS Yp
SISTRURUS MILIARIUS Yp
NC Wildlife Resources Commission Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program
Common Name
5/4/94 Page it
Scientific Name Occurrence

i
TAKE~~^ ~i
United States Department of the Interior PRI~EIIJ~
FISH A~\D R'ILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Ficld Office
330 Ridgefield Court
Asheville, North Carolina ?880G
September 15, 1994
Mr. Randy Turner
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
AMERICA ~~
' ~~ ~
~ ^
L~'d e ~a k.l~-
Dear Mr. Turner:
We have updated the North Carolina county list of endan ered
and candidate species for use in project reviews (copy enclosed)redTheed,
following changes have been made to the list from the July 8, 1994,
version:
In Forsyth County, the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker
(Picoides borealis) sh
ld b
d
ou
e
enoted with an asterisk since
this
represents a historical record (no specimen observed in
this county over the last 20 years)
.
Th
e endangered Bachman's warbler Vermivora ba
should
c
n
be deleted from Wake County, since no specimen
has
been
observed in thi
'
s county prior to the 1900
s.
The red wolf (Canis rufus) should be added to Hyde, Tyrrell
,
and Washington Counties.
If you have an uestions r
Y q egarding the list, please contact Janice
Nicholls
f

1 o
our staff at 704/665-1195, Ext. 227.
Sincerely,
. ~ ~ /1 ` (`

.. _ _ Brian P. Col e --~ Z_
J - . ` - Supervisor
1 _
~ w`

LISTED AND CANDIDATE SPECIES
OF NORTH CAROLINA, BY COUNTY
September 15, 1994
~, * - Indicates no specimen from that county in at least 20 years.
v - Indicates consultations conducted by the Asheville Field Office; other
counties are covered by the Raleigh Field Office.
_ _ __These records should _be used only as a guideline not as the f
~
ina'9 author
it

'
Records are updated continua _
._
_
lly and may be different from the following _
y
This
~ county list includes records .
after the year 1900 only.
ALAMANCE
Taxa Common Name
Plants Scientific Name Cat.
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis odorata 2
ALEXANDER v
Taxa Common Name
Mammals Scientific Name Cat.
Rafinesque's big-eared bat Plecotus rafinesauii* 2
Reptiles
Bog turtle Clemmvs muhlenber4ii 2
" Plants
Keever's bristle-moss Orthotrichum keeverae 2
~+ ALLEGHANY o
Taxa Common Name
Mammals Scientific Name Cat.
Eastern woodrat Neotoma floridana maQister 2
Reptiles
Bog turtle Clemmvs muhlenberaii 2
Am hibians
He lbender Crvptobranchus alle4aniensis* 2
Fishes

'~ Kanawha minnow
Insects Phenacobius teretulus 2
Midget snaketail dragonfly Ophiooomphus howei 2
Regal fritillary butterfly
' Speveria idalia 2
Gammon
s stenelmis riffle beetle Stenelmis ammoni 2
Plants
Tail larkspur
Gray's lily Del hinium exaltatum*
i 2

Sweet pinesap
' L
ium ra i
Monotropsis odorata p
2
Gray
s saxifrage Saxifra4a caroliniana* 2

Awned meadow-beauty Rhexia aristosa
2
S rin flowerin
p g- g goldenrod Solidaao verna 2
Wireleaf dropseed Sporobolus teretifolius* 2
Smooth bog-asphodel Tofieldia labra* 2
BRUNSWICK
Taxa Common Name Scientific Name Cat

Mammals
Eastern cougar

Felis concolor cou .
QUar E
West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus ~.. E
Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew Sorex ongirostris fisheri T
Birds
Peregrine falcon
Bald eagle Falco ere rinus
H
~i E

Red-cockaded woodpecker a
aeetus eucocephalus
Picoides borealis E

Wood stork
Piping plover
Mvcteria americans E
E~

Bachman's sparrow
' Charadrius melodus
Aimoohila aestivalis T
2
Henslow
s sparrow Ammodramus henslowii 2
Reptiles
Leatherback sea turtle
Kemp's ridley sea turtle Dermochelvs coriacea E

Loggerhead turtle Leoidochelvs kempi
Caretta caretta E
T
Green sea turtle Chelonia m das T
Amphibians
Carolina crawfish frog Rana areolata ca ito 2
- Fishes
Shortnose sturgeon
Carolina pygmy sunfish Acioenser brevirostrum
Elassoma boehlkei E
2
Snails
Magnificent rams-horn snail
Cape Fear three to
th Planorbella maonificum
- 2
o Triodoc~is soe nom 2
Insects
Pyxie moth
Rare skipper Aarotis buchholzi
-~
Problems bulenta
2

Plants 2
Rouggh-leaved loosestrife
Cooley's meadowrue Lvsimachia asperulaefolia E

Seabeach amaranth Thalictrum cooievi
Amaranthus umilus E
T
Savanna leadplant
Savanna campylopus -
Amorpha oeoraiana con;usa
• ~~ 2

Chapman's sedge i.am vlo us carolinae*
Carex c apmanii 2

Venus flytrap
Harper's fringe rush
Dionaea muscipula 2
2

Pondspice Fimbistviis Derpusilla
~ 2

Carolina boomint Litsea aesti
:alis
Macbridea caroliniana 2
2
Loose watermilfoil
Savanna cowbane Mvrio~hvllu~m laxum
Oxvpolis ternat Z

>
Carolina grass-of-Parnassus
Pineland plantain a
Parnassia caroliniana 2
2
~
Awned meadowbeauty Plantavo s~arsiflora
Rhexi~ aristosa* 2

Sun-facing coneflower
Spring-flowering goldenrod
Rudbec~;ia heliopsidis 2
2
Solidaao verna 2
5
..

Carolina goldenrod Solidaoo ulchra 2
Wireleaf dro
Carolina asp pseed
hodel Sporobolus teretifolius
Tofieldia abra 2

Dune blue curls
Honeycomb head
Trichostema sp.
Baldui
t 2
2

Thorne's beaked-rush na a
ropurpurea
Rvhnchospora thornei 2
2
BUNCOMBE o
Taxa Common Name
Mammals Scientific Name Cat.

Eastern cougar
Carolina northern flying squirrel ~
Felis concolor cou uar*
G~aucomvs sabrinus coloratus
E
E
Eastern small-footed bat M otis subulatus leibii 2
Southern water shrew Sorex palustris punctulatus 2
Birds
Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea 2
Reptiles
Bog turtle Clemmvs muhlenberaii 2
A... hibians
He lbender ~ Crvptobranchus alleaanien~is 2
Clams
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana* pE
Fishes
Longhead darter Percina macrocephala* 2
Crustaceans
French Broad stream crayfish Cambarus reburrus 2
Insects
Tawny crescent butterfly Phvciodes batesi Z
Diana fritillary butterfly Speveria diana 2
Plants
Spreading avens
'Mountain sweet pitcher-plant •• Geum radiatum
Sarracenia rubra var. 'onesii* E
E
Bunched arrowhead
Virginia s
i Saaittaria fascicuiata* E
p
raea
Roc~C gnome lichen
Pirztebush S iraea virginian~x
Gvmnoderma~arz T
pE

Cain's reedgrass Buckleva distichophvlla 2

Wolf's milk spurge Calamaarostis cainii
Euphorbia purourea 2
2
Mountain heartleaf
French Broad heartleaf Hexastvlis contracts 2

Butternut Hexastvlis rhombiformis 2

One flowered rush
Gray's lil Jualans cinerea
Juncus trifidus carolinianus 2
2
y
Eraser's loosestrife Lilium o~ra~i
Lysimachia fr~seri* 2
2
Sweet pinesa
Pinnately-lo p
bed brown-eyed Monotrocsis ccorata
Rudbeckiz triloba var 2

sunflower
' .
pinnatiloba 2
Gra}'
s saxifrzoe
Mountain catch~ly Saxifraoa caroliniana 2

Divided-leaf ragwort Silene ousts
Senecio millefolium 2
2
6

1

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
SEPTEMBER 26, 1994
t
1
1
r

1

1

RBVZSEb STrFa~lIDER Z6, 1994
~ PAGES
Brunswick C
t
oun
y
8hortnose sturgeon (Acivene~ brevir~st~~) _ 8
Eastern c
ougar (F~is con=o~ ~$) _ E
Florida manatee (~richechus
S) _ E
Bald eagle (Haliagetus leUCOCenh,]»a) - $
Piping plover ( -a ) _ T
Rod-cockaded woodpecker (~O;' b9real~j - g
Arctic Peregrine falcon ~g~,~ r us) - T
W
d
po
stork (t~ivt~ ct_ ria ~) _ 8
L
oggerhead sea turtle (~ cam) ., T
Green sea turtle (~helon_a IDY~1B) - T
L4atherback rea turtle (Dermochelva s~oriacea) - E
'
Kamp
s (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle (Lepidocheive ke,nvii) - g
American alligator {Allioator i
- T S/A{
Rough-leaved looesatrif ~ achia la fo 'a) - E
'
Cooley
s meadowrue ( ha,ict 4'ooievi) - g
Ssabeach amaranth (Amaranthva p$) - T
Di9ma1 Swamp southeastern shrew ( ore lonciroetris
#;sheri) _ T
,
Sea turtles when "in the water" and the shortnose sturgeon are under the
jurisdiction of the National 1Karine Pisheries Service and should be
contacted concernirtq your agency•s responsibilities under Section 7 of the
Endangered species Act. Their address is:
National Marina Fisheries Service
U.S. Department of commerce
9450 Koger Boulevard
Duval Building
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702

1

___:..~,v,y~»; `mount
Y fcont'd)
R$'VZB$D ~ Z6, 1994
There are species which, although not nos
listing as endanget~ or threatened listed or officially proposed for
Those "Candidate~(Cl and C2 ® ' ate under status review by the Service.
Act. and are not subject tc a ~Cies are not 1e9ally protected under the
until they are formall y of its provisions, includin Se
are providin y proposed Or listed as threatened or endan coon 7,
q the below list of candidate species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of givin
species may bs listed in the future 9 you advance notification. These
under the Act. Zn the moanti.me ~' at which time they will be protected
for them. ~ would appreciate anything you might do
Hlnslow's sparrow { od
Bachman • e sparrow (I~ } ~Z
Carolina pygmy sunfia~h ( aestivai s} - CZ
Carolina crawfish frog (gam ~ lata~j )~ ~
Magnificent ramshorn snail
Cape Fear three tooth Tridonw+. L1 maortlf_ica) - C2
Rare skipper (P~°ble~a (but) _~) - CZ
Pyxis moth (Act buchholz~ *
Chap~nan's sedge { mss) - ~
Carolina grass-of-p ssL~) - ~
AwnQd meadowbeauty ( (~asssa caroliniana) - C2
bun-facing conQflowerB$ ~) - C2
Carolina goldenrod {gol~~ hel; ons~ ~ , } - CZ
Spring-flowQrinq goldenrod
Wirele:f dropaQed (8norobo •~~ ~) - C2
Savanna leadplant { o t~retifolius) - C2
Savanna campylopus (~ ~~ c sa} - C2
Harpers fringe rush ~- °ji===) - C2
Pondspice ( (-t~1= B~'pug- ilia) - C2
Carolina bogm{Macbr+v~.. e~ ~' ~
Loose watermilfoil ( ~ ~taliniana) - C2
savanna cowbane ( 1B~ - C2
Pineland plantain '~_- CZ
Dune blue curls (~ sflars~flora) - C2
Venus fl {T~ichostema s~.~ _ ~
ytrap (D Hasa mus ••., ~ - C2
Honeycomb head ( a d atroflu +
Carolina asphodel (Toff area) - C2
Thorne's beaked-rush ($yhnchc.$) - C2
a ~) - C2
+Th eatened t
*indicatea no specimen in at least 20
years from this county.

1

a

1
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT.
HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES,
DIVISION OF PARKS AND RECREATION
OCTOBER 26. 1994
t

1

1

1
1

SCIENTIFIC AND STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
COMMON NAME PROT. PROT . RANK RANK
*** Brunswick
** Vertebrates
ACIPENSER BREVIROSTRUM E LE S1 G3
SHORTNOSE STURGEON
AIMOPHILA AESTIVALIS SC C2 S3B,S2 G3
BACHMAN'S SPARROW
ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS T T/SA S3 G5
AMERICAN ALLIGATOR
AMMODRAMUS HENSLOWII
HENSLOW'S SPARROW SR C2 S2B,S1 G4
ANHINGA ANHINGA SR S2B,SZ G5
ANHINGA
CARETTA CARETTA T LT S2B,S2 G3
LOGGERHEAD TURTLE
CHARADRIUS MELODUS T LT S2B,S2 G3
PIPING PLOVER
CHELONIA MYDAS T LT S1B,SZ G3
GREEN TURTLE
COLUMBINA PASSERINA
COMMON GROUND-DOVE SR S1B,S1 G5
CONDYLURA CRISTATA POP 1 SC S2 G5T2Q
STAR-NOSED MOLE -- EASTERN NC POPULATION
CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS SR Sl G5
EASTERN DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE
ELASSOMA BOEHLKEI T C2 S1S2 G2
CAROLINA PYGMY SUNFISH
ELEOTRIS PISONIS SR S2 G5
SPINYCHEEK SLEEPER
FALCO PEREGRINUS
PEREGRINE FALCON E LE S1B,S2 G4
FELIS CONCOLOR COUGAR E LE SH G4TH
EASTERN COUGAR
GOBIONELLUS STIGMATICUS SR S2 G?
MARKED GOBY
HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS E LE S1B,S2 G4
BALD EAGLE
HIMANTOPUS MEXICANUS SR S2B G5
BLACK-NECKED STILT
HYPSOBLENNIUS IONTHAS
FRECKLED BLENNY SR S2 GU
LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS SC C2 S2B,S3 G4G5
LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE
LEPIDOCHELYS KEMPII E LE SAB,SZ G1
ATLANTIC RIDLEY (TURTLE)
MICROPHIS BRACHYURUS SR S1 G5
OPOSSUM PIPEFISH
MICRURUS FULVIUS SR S1 G5
EASTERN CORAL SNAKE

1 MYCTERIA AMERICANA
WOOD STORK E LE S1N G4
NEOTOMA FLORIDANA FLORIDANA T S1 G5T5
EASTERN WOODRAT
NOTURUS SP 2 SC S2 G2
BROADTAIL MADTOM r~ = r~ ~ t ~~ ~ u

'~ 0 C r ~ G 1x94
~~'=1N~ F IK:
'
n:~~~
~

SCIENTIFIC AND
COMMON NAME
OPHISAURUS MIMICUS
MIMIC GLASS LIZARD
PELECANUS OCCIDENTALIS
BROWN PELICAN
PICOIDES BOREALIS
RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER
PICOIDES BOREALIS
RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER
PLEGADIS FALCINELLUS
GLOSSY IBIS
PORPHYRULA MARTINICA
PURPLE GALLINULE
RANA CAPITO CAPITO
CAROLINA GOPHER FROG
SOREX LONGIROSTRIS FISHERI
DISMAL SWAMP SOUTHEASTERN SHREW
TRICHECHUS MANATUS
MANATEE
URSUS AMERICANUS
BLACK BEAR
** Invertebrates
AGROTIS BUCHHOLZI
BUCHHOLZ'S DART MOTH
AMBLYSCIRTES ALTERNATA
LEAST FLORIDA SKIPPER
AMBLYSCIRTES REVERSA
REVERSED ROADSIDE SKIPPER
ATRYTONE AROGOS AROGOS
AROGOS SKIPPER
ATRYTONOPSIS LOAMMI
LOAMMI SKIPPER
BUSYCON CANALICULATUS
CHANNELED WHELK
BUSYCON CARICA
KNOBBED WHELK
CALEPHELIS VIRGINIENSIS
LITTLE METALMARK
CHAETOPTERUS VARIOPEDATUS
PARCHMENT TUBE WORM
ELLIPTIO WACCAMAWENSIS
WACCAMAW SPIKE
ERYNNIS MARTIALIS
MOTTLED DUSKY WING
EUAGROTIS LUBRICANS
SLIPPERY DART
EUPHYES BIMACULA
TWO-SPOTTED SKIPPER
EUPHYES DUKESI
DUKES' SKIPPER
FIXSENIA FAVONIUS FAVONIUS
SOUTHERN HAIRSTREAK
HESPERIA ATTALUS SLOSSONAE
DOTTED SKIPPER
STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
PROT. PROT. RANK RANK
SC S2 G3
SC S3B,S4 G4
E LE S2 G2
E LE S2 G2
SC S2B,S1 G5
SR S1B G5
SC C2 S2 G4T3
T LT S2S3 G5T2
E LE S1N G2?
SR S3 G5
SR C2 S1S3 G2G3
SR S2? G3G4
SR S3? G4
SR C2 S1 G4T1T3
SR S1 G2G4Q
SR S? G?
SR S? G?
SR S3? G4
SR S? G?
T C2 S1 G1G2Q
SR S3? G4
SR S2S3 G5
SR S2? G4
SR S2? G3G4
SR S3 G4
SR S1S3 G4T3

SCIENTIFIC AND STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
COMMON NAME PRO T. PROT. RANK RANK
MEGATHYMUS YUCCAE SR S3? G4
YUCCA SKIPPER
METARRANTHIS LATERITIARIA SR S1S3 G3G4
A GEOMETRID MOTH
MITOURA HESSELI SR 3C S2? G3G4
HESSEL'S HAIRSTREAK
PAPILIO CRESPHONTES SR S2? G5
GIANT SWALLOWTAIL
PHYCIODES PHAON SR S2? G5
PHAON CRESCENT
PLANORBELLA MAGNIFICA E C2 S1 G1 -
MAGNIFICENT RAMS-HORN
PROBLEMA BULENTA SR C2 S1? G2G3
RARE SKIPPER
SATYRIUM KINGI
' SR S3? G3G4
KING'S HAIRSTREAK
1 ** Vascular plants
AGALINIS APHYLLA C S2 G3G4
SCALE-LEAF GERARDIA
AGALINIS LINIFOLIA SR S2 G3G4
FLAXLEAF GERARDIA
AGALINIS VIRGATA C S1 G3G4
BRANCHED GERARDIA
ALLIUM SP 1 C Sl G1
SAVANNA ONION
A,MARANTHUS PUMILUS T LT S2 G2
SEABEACH AMARANTH
AMORPHA GEORGIANA VAR CONFUSA T C2 S2 G3T2
SAVANNA INDIGO-BUSH
ANDROPOGON MOHRII C S1 G4?
BOG BLUESTEM
ARNOGLOSSUM OVATUM SR S1 G4G5
SAVANNA INDIAN-PLANTAIN
ASCLEPIAS PEDICELLATA C S2 G3G4
SAVANNA MILKWEED
BACCHARIS GLOMERL~IFLORA
SILVERLING C S1 G4
BALDUINA ATROPURPUREA C C2 S1 G2G3
HONEYCOMB HEAD
BULBOSTYLIS WAREI C SH G3G4
WARE'S HAIRSEDGE
CAREX CHAPMANII C C2 S3 G2G3
CHAPMAN'S SEDGE
CAREX VERRUCOSA SR S1 G3G4
WARTY SEDGE
CYPERUS DENTATUS C S1? G4
TOOTHED FLATSEDGE
CYPERUS LECONTEI SR S1 G4?
LECONTE'S FLATSEDGE
CYPERUS TETRAGONUS SR S2 G4?
FOUR-ANGLED FLATSEDGE
DICHANTHELIUM ERECTIFOLIUM SR S2 G4
ERECTLEAF WITCHGRASS

SCIENTIFIC AND

COMMON NAME STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
PROT. PROT. RAN K RANK
DIONAEA MUSCIPULA

VENUS FLYTRAP C-SC C2 S3 G3
DROSERA FILIFORMIS

THREADLEAF SUNDEW SR
S1
G5
ECHINODORUS PARVULUS
DWARF BURFiEAD C C2 S1 G3
ELEOCHARIS ELONGATA
FLORIDA SPIKERUSH C S1 G5?
ELEOCHARIS ROBBINSII

ROBBINS'S SPIKERUSH C
S2
G4G5
ELEOCHARIS ROSTELLATA

BEAKED SPIKERUSH SR
S2
G5
ERIOCAULON AQUATICUM

SEVEN-ANGLED PIPEWORT SR
S2
G5
ERYTHRINA HERBACEA

CORALBEAN SR
Sl
G5
EUPATORIUM LEPTOPHYLLUM

LIMESINK DOG-FENNEL C
S1
G4G5
FIMBRISTYLIS PERPUSILLA

HARPER'S FIMBRY T C 2 S1 G2G3
GALACTIA MOLLIS

SOFT MILK-PEA C
S1
G4G5
HELENIUM BREVIFOLIUM

LITTLELEAF SNEEZEWEED C
S1
G3G4
HELENIUM PINNATIFIDUM

DISSECTED SNEEZEWEED
HELE SR
S2
G4
NIUM VERNALE
SPRING SNEEZEWEED SR S1 G4?
HELIANTHEMUM GEORGIANUM

GEORGIA SUNROSE C
S1
G4
HYPERICUM NITIDUM

CAROLINA ST. JOHN'S-WORT SR
SZ
G4
ILEX AMELANCHIER

SARVIS HOLLY SR 3C S3 G3G4
IPOMOEA IMPERATI
BEACH MORNING-GLORY SR S1 G5
LACHNOCAULON BEYRICHIANUM
SOUTHERN BOGBUTTON C 3C S1 G2G3
LECHEA TORREYI

TORREY'S PINWEED C
S1
G4G5
LEPTOCHLOA FASCICLILARIS VAR MARITIMA SR
LONG-AWNED SPANGLETOP
LILAEOPSIS CAROLINENSIS Sl G5T3
CAROLINA GRASSWORT T 3C S3 G3
LINUM FLORIDANUM VAR CHRYSOCARPUM

YELLOW-FRUITED FLAX SR
S1
G5T3?
LITSEA AESTIVALIS

PONDSPICE C C2 S2 G4G5
LOPHIOLA AUREA

GOLDEN CREST E
S1
G4
LUDWIGIA ALATA

WINGED SEEDBOX SR
S2
G3G4
LUDWIGIA LANCEOLATA

LANCELEAF SEEDBOX C
S1
G3

SCIENTIFIC AND STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
COMMON NAME PROT. PROT. RANK RANK

LUDWIGIA LINIFOLIA SR S1 G4
FLAXLEAF SEEDBOX
LUDWIGIA SUFFRUTICOSA SR S2 G5
SHRUBBY SEEDBOX
LYSIMACHIA ASPERULIFOLIA E LE S3 G3
ROUGH-LEAF LOOSESTRIFE
MACBRIDEA CAROLINIANA C C2 S1 G2G3
CAROLINA BOGMINT
MALAXIS SPICATA SR S1 G3G4
FLORIDA ADDER'S MOUTH
MYRIOPHYLLUM LAXUM T C2 S1 G3
LOOSE WATERMILFOIL
PANICUM TENERUM
SOUTHEASTERN PANIC GRASS SR S1 G4
PARNASSIA CAROLINIANA E C2 S2 G2
CAROLINA GRASS-OF-PARNASSUS
PARNASSIA GRANDIFOLIA C S1 G2G3
LARGE-LEAVED GRASS-OF-PARNASSUS
PELTANDRA SAGITTIFOLIA SR S2 G3G4
SPOONFLOWER
PLANTAGO SPARSIFLORA E C2 S1 G2
PINELAND PLANTAIN
PLATANTHERA INTEGRA
YELLOW FRINGELESS ORCHID T 3C S1 G5
PLATANTHERA NIVEA T S1 G5
SNOWY ORCHID
POLYGALA HOOKERI C S2 G3G4
HOOKER'S MILKWORT
POLYGONUM GLAUCUM C Sl G3
SEABEACH KNOTWEED
1 POLYGONUM HIRSUTUM SR S1 G4G5
HAIRY SMARTWEED
PONTHIEVA RACEMOSA
SHADOW-WITCH SR S2 G4G5
PTILIMNIUM SP 1 C S1 G2
CAROLINA BISHOPWEED
RHEXIA ARISTOSA T C2 S3 G3
AWNED MEADOW-BEAUTY
RHEXIA CUBENSIS SR S1 G4G5
WEST INDIES MEADOW-BEAUTY
' RHYNCHOSPORA ALBA C S2 G5
NORTHERN WHITE BEAKSEDGE
RHYNCHOSPORA BREVISETA
SHORTBRISTLED BER.KSEDGE C Sl G3G4
RHYNCHOSPORA DIVERGENS SR S1 G4
WHITESEEDED BEAKSEDGE
RHYNCHOSPORA GLOBULARIS VAR PINETORUM SR S1 G5T3?
SMALL'S BEAKSEDGE
RHYNCHOSPORA ODORATA SR S1 G4
FRAGRANT BEAKSEDGE
RHYNCHOSPORA OLIGANTHA C S2 G4
FEATHER-BRISTLE BEAKSEDGE
RHYNCHOSPORA PLEIANTHA
COASTAL BEAKSEDGE C S1 G3

SCIENTIFIC AND
COMMON NAME
RHYNCHOSPORA SCIRPOIDES
LONG-BEAK BALD-SEDGE
RHYNCHOSPORA THORNEI
THORNE'S BEAKSEDGE
RHYNCHOSPORA TRACYI
TRACY'S BEAKSEDGE
SABATIA KENNEDYANA
PLYMOUTH GENTIAN
SAGITTARIA ISOETIFORMIS
QUILLWORT ARROWHEAD
SCLERIA BALDWINII
BALDWIN'S NUTRUSH
SCLERIA GEORGIANA
GEORGIA NUTRUSH
SCLERIA VERTICILLATA
SAVANNA NUTRUSH
SEYMERIA PECTINATA
STICKY AFZELIA
SIDEROXYLON TENAX
TOUGH BUMELIA
SOLIDAGO GRACILLIMA
GRACEFUL GOLDENROD
SOLIDAGO PULCHRA
CAROLINA GOLDENROD
SOLIDAGO TORTIFOLIA
TWISTED-LEAF GOLDENROD
SOLIDAGO VERNA
SPRING-FLOWERING GOLDENROD
SPIRANTHES LACINIATA
LACE-LIP LADIES'-TRESSES
SPIRANTHES LONGILABRIS
GIANT SPIRAL ORCHID
SPOROBOLUS TERETIFOLIUS
WIRELEAF DROPSEED
STYLISMA AQUATICA
WATER DAWNFLOWER
THALICTRUM COOLEYI
COOLEY'S MEADOWRUE
TOFIELDIA GLABRA
CAROLINA ASPHODEL
TRICHOSTEMA SP 1
DUNE BLUECURLS
TRIDENS CAROLINIANUS
CAROLINA TRIODIA
UTRICULARIA OLIVACEA
DWARF BLADDERWORT
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON
CRANBERRY
XYRIS BREVIFOLIA
SHORTLEAF YELLOW-EYED GRASS
XYRIS FLABELLIFORMIS
SAVANNA YELLOW-EYED GRASS
YUCCA GLORIOSA
MOUNDLILY YUCCA
STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
PROT . PROT . RANK R A 1~nt
SR S2 G4
C C2 S1 G1
SR S2 G4
T-SC S1 G3
SR S2 G3G5
C S1 G3G4
SR S2 G4
C S1 G5
C SH G4G5
C Sl G3?
SR S1S2 G4?
E C2 S3 G3
SR S1 G4G5
E C2 S3 G3
C S1 G4G5
C S1 G3
T C2 S1 G2?
SR S1 G3G4
E LE S1 G1
C C2 S3 G3
C C2 S2 G2
C S2 G2G3
T S2 G4
C S2 G4
SR S1 G4G5
C S1 G4
SR S2? G4?

SCIENTIFIC AND STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
COMMON NAME PROT. PROT. RANK RANK
** Nonvascular plants
CAMPYLOPUS CAROLINAE C C2 Sl G1
SAVANNA CAMPYLOPUS
' CHEILOLEJEUNEA RIGIDULA SR S2 G5
A LIVERWORT
LEJEUNEA BERMUDIANA SR SH G3G4
A LIVERWORT
PLAGIOCHILA LUDOVICIANA SR S1 G5
A LIVERWORT
SPHAGNUM FITZGERALDII
FITZGERALD'S PEATMOSS SR S2S3
. G2G3
SYRRHOPODON INCOMPLETUS C S1

CUBAN SCHLIESSMUND G5
TELOSCHISTES FLAVICANS SR S1

SUNRISE LICHEN G3G4
' ** Natural communities
BAY FOREST
S3? G3G4?
BRACKISH MARSH
S5 GS
COASTAL FRINGE EVERGREEN FOREST
S1 ~
G3.
' COASTAL FRINGE SANDHILL S1 G3?
COASTAL PLAIN BOTTOMLAND HARDWOODS (BLACKWATE S3 G5T5
COASTAL PLAIN LEVEE FOREST (BROWNWATER SUBTYP S4 GSTS
COASTAL PLAIN SEMIPERMANENT IMPOUNDMENT
COAST S4 G5
AL PLAIN SMALL STREAM SWAMP (BLACKWATER
SS
G5
CYPRESS--GUM SWAMP (BLACKWATER SUBTYPE) S5
G5T5
DRY-MESIC OAK--HICKORY FOREST
S5 G5
DUNE GRASS
S3 G3G4
HIGH POCOSIN
S4 G4
INTERDUNE POND

S1 ~
G2.
LOW POCOSIN
S3 G3
MARITIME EVERGREEN FOREST
S1 G2G3
MARITIME SHRUB S3
G4
MARITIME WET GRASSLAND
S2? G3?
MESIC MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST (COASTAL PLAIN SU
S4
G5T5
MESIC PINE FLATWOODS S3. G5

i

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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SCIENTIFIC AND
COMMON NAME
OXBOW LAKE
PIEDMONT/COASTAL PLAIN ACIDIC CLIFF
PINE SAVANNA
POND PINE WOODLAND
SALT FLAT
SALT MARSH
SAND AND MUD BAR
SMALL DEPRESSION POCOSIN
SMALL DEPRESSION POND
VERNAL POOL
WET PINE FLATWOODS
XERIC SANDHILL SCRUB
STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
PROT. PROT. RANK RANu
S3 G5
S2? G4
S2 G3
S4 G4G5
S4 G5
S5 G5
S5 G5
S1? G2?
S2 G3
S2 G3
S3 G3G4
S4 GS

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I\TOR~I'H CAROLINA
I~TATURAL HERITAGE
PRO~~;AM
N.C. Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural P.esources
Division: o(Parks and Recreation
- P.O. Box 27687
P.aleifi}~, North Carolina 27671
919 / 733-7701
ti
Here's the Information
You Requested
~n~;,, `Mp . ~ o.~~ ,
]n response to your recent request, ~~e for~~ard the
enclosed information and hope it will serve your
purpose. I( ~,~c may he n( further scn•ice, p~lje~ase call
upon u s. -~>(,r~-.,t-"'`
~~iv,~Z

~8 NOV 1994 S~c.~A ~`~ ~ 1 a~.-oL S~
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NC NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM ELEMENT LIST
SCIENTIFIC AND STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
COMMON NAME PROT. PROT. RANK RANK
** Vertebrates
IMOPHILA AESTIVALIS SC C2 S3B,S2 G3
BACHMAN'S SPARROW
~LLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS T T/SA S3 G5
AMERICAN ALLIGATOR
ANHINGA ANHINGA SR S2B,SZ G5
ANHINGA
~ARETTA CARETTA T LT S2B,S2 G3
LOGGERHEAD TURTLE
CHARADRIUS MELODUS T LT S28,S2 G3
PIPING PLOVER
OLUMBINA PASSERINA SR S1B,S1 G5
COMMON GROUND-DOVE
OBIONELLUS STIGMATICUS SR S2 G?
MARKED GOBY
YCTERIA AMERICANA E LE S1N G4
WOOD STORK
~ICOIDES BOREALIS
E
LE
S2
G2
RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER
TRICHECHUS MANATUS E LE S1N G2?
MANATEE
*** Invertebrates
USYCON CARICA SR S? G?
~
KNOBBED WHELK
*** Vascular plants
~GALINIS LINIFOLIA SR S2 G3G4
FLAXLEAF GERARDIA
AMARANTHUS PUMILUS T LT S2 G2
SEABEACH AMARANTH
ORPHA GEORGIANA VAR CONFUSA T C2 S2 G3T2
SAVANNA INDIGO-BUSH
OGLOSSUM OVATUM SR S1 G4G5
SAVANNA INDIAN-PLANTAIN
IONAEA MUSCIP'JLA C-SC C2 S3 G3
VENUS FLYTRAP
~YTHRINA HERBACEA SR S1 G5
CORALBEAN
PLATANTHERA NIVEA T S1 G5
SNOWY ORCHID
,OLYGALA HOOKERI C S2 G3G4
HOOKER'S MILKWORT
CCA GLORIOSA SR S2? G4?
MOUNDLILY YUCCA
*** Natural communities
~LCAREOUS COASTAL FRINGE FOREST S1 G1?
C DIVISION OF PARKS AND RECREATION

M8 NOV 1994
NC NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM ELEMENT LIST
MCIENTIFIC AND
COMMON NAME
MOASTAL FRINGE EVERGREEN FOREST
COASTAL FRINGE SANDHILL
MARITIME SHRUB
ITIME WET GRASSLAND
SIC PINE FLATWOODS
~INE SAVANNA
POND PINE WOODLAND
~ET PINE FLATWOODS
** Special animal habitats
ULL*TERN*SKIMMER COLONY
COLONIAL WATERBIRDS NESTING SITE
~ADING BIRD ROOKERY
~1 Records Processed
1
1

1
1

~C DIVISION OF PARKS
AND RECREATION
2
STATE FED. STATE GLOBAL
PROT. PROT. RANK RANK
Sl G3?
Sl G3?
S3 G4
S2? G3?
S3 G5
S2 G3
S4 G4G5
S3 G3G4

NATURAL HERITAGE ELEMENTS AND SPECIES STATUS CODES
The attached output from the N.C. Natural Heritage Program database is a listing of
' the elements (rare species, geologic features, natural communities, and special
animal habitats) known to occur in your geographic area of interest. The
information on this printout is compiled from a variety of sources, including field
surveys, museums and herbaria, literature, and personal communications. The
database is dynamic, with new records being added and old records being revised as
we receive new information. The enclosed list cannot be considered a definitive
record of natural heritage elements, and it should not be considered a substitute
for field surveys. When this information is used in any document, we request that
the printout date be given and that the Natural Heritage Program be credited.
This cover sheet explains the four columns of status codes that are given on the
right-hand side of the printout.
' STATE PROTECTION
CODE STATUS CODE STATUS
E Endangered SR Significantly Rare
T Threatened V Vulnerable
' SC Special Concern UNR Undetermined
C Candidate E% Extirpated
P_ Proposed (E, T, or C)
Plant statuses are determined by the Plant Conservation
Program (N.C. Dept. of
Agriculture) and the Natural Heritage Program (N.C. Dept. of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources). E, T, and SC species are protected by state law (the Plant
Protection and Conservation Act, 1979); C and SR designations indicate rarity and
the need for population monitoring and conservation action, as determined by the
Plant Conservation and Natural Heritage Programs.
Animal statuses that indicate state protection (E, T, and SC) are published in
"Endangered Wildlife of North Carolina", tiarch 16, 1992, N.C. Nongame and Endangered
Wildlife Program. The Significantly Rare, Undetermined, Vulnerable and Extirpated
statuses are (for the most part) Natural Heritage Program designations. They
indicate rarity and the need for population monitoring and conservation action.
FEDERAL PROTECTION
1 The current federal status is listed in "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and
Plants, July 15, 1991 (50 CFR 17.11 & 17.12, Department of the Interior).
Definitions are taken from the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended through
the 100th Congress (1988), and the Federal Register, Part VIII, November 21, 1991
(50 CFR 17, Department of the Interior).
CODE STATUS DEFINITION
' E Endangered A taxon which "is in danger of extinction
throughout all or a significant portion of its
range"
T Threatened A taxon "which is likely to become an endangered
species within the foreseeable future throughout
all or a significant portion of its range"
' P_ Proposed A taxon which has been proposed for official
listing as endangered or threatened
L_ Listed A taxon which has been officially listed as
endangered or threatened
C1 Category 1 A taxon which is under consideration, and for
("Candidate 1") which there is sufficient information to support
listing
1

' C2 Category 2 A taxon which is under consideration, but for
("Candidate 2") which there is insufficient information to support
listing
3A Category 3A A taxon which was formerly under consideration for
("Candidate 3A") listing, but for which there is "persuasive
evidence of extinction"
3B Category 3B A taxon which was formerly under consideration for
("Candidate 38") listing, but which current taxonomic understanding
does not support as a distinct entity meeting the
Endangered Species Act's definition of "species"
' 3C Category 3C A taxon formerly under consideration for listing,
("Candidate 3C") but which has been "proven to be more abundant or
widespread than previously believed and/or [which
is] not subject to any identifiable threat"
GLOBAL AND STATE RANK
These ranks are determined by The Nature Conservancy's system of measuring rarity
' and threat status. "Global" refers to worldwide and "State" to statewide.
RANK DEFINITION
G1 Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or otherwise
very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range
GZ Imperiled globally because of rarity or otherwise vulnerable to
extinction throughout its range
' G3 Either very rare and local throughout its range, or found locally in
a restric~ed area
G4 Apparently secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts
of its range (especially at the periphery)
GS Demonstrably secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts
of its range (especially at the periphery)
' GA Of historical occurrence throughout its range
GX Believed to be extinct throughout its range
GU Possibly in peril but status uncertain; more information is needed
G? IInranked, or rank uncertain
_Q Of questionable taxonomic status
T_ Status of subspecies or variety; the G rank refers to the species as
a whole
State rank codes follow the same definitions, except the words "in the state" should
' be substitu ted for "globally" or "throughout its range." Also, there are four
additional state ranks:
RANK DEFINITION
SR Reported from North Carolina, but without persuasive documentation
_B Rank of the breeding population in North Carolina; used only for
migratory species
_N Rank of the non-breeding population in North Carolina; used only for
migratory species
_Z_ Population is not of significant conservation concern; applies to
transitory, migratory species
' 2/4/93
N.C. Natural Heritage Program
Division of Parks and Recreation
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
1

1
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT,
HEALTH. AND NATURAL RESOURCES.
DIVISION OF MARINE FISHERIES
FEBRUARY 14. 1995

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