20011578 Ver 1_Complete File_20011029

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STATE of NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
October 30, 2006
Mr. David Baker, NCDOT Regulatory Project Manager
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-2714
Subject: NW 23 Permit Application -B-4349
Bridge Number 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek
Jackson County
State Project: B-4349 (DWQ Notification Only)
Dear Mr. Baker:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
(711578 u. ~
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is proposing to replace Bridge
Number 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek (C, Tr) in Jackson County.. A permit was issued
previously for this project on January 15, 2002, Action Id. 200230107; however, that permit has
expired.
NCDOT proposes to replace this structure at the existing location. Traffic will be detoured by
employing a staged construction process allowing traffic on half of the bridge during construction.
The new bridge is designed to minimize impacts by implementing longer spans and increasing
hydraulic capacity. The removal of the existing structure shall be performed by sawing and/or
non-shattering methods such that debris will not fall into the water. All work will be performed in
a dry environment. Sandbag cofferdams will be used if necessary to ensure a clean, dry work
area, and to minimize impacts to aquatic habitats.
I am attaching the Categorical Exclusion document and a marked county map. The USGS map
location is in the CE document.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Database was checked for records of threatened and
endangered species. There are no records of threatened and endangered species for the entire
Dicks Creek watershed. However, the Tuckasegee River is occupied critical habitat for the
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and is approximately one mile from the project.
The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service consulted on this project and requested a mussel survey of the

B-4349 on SR 1388 Page 2 October 17, 2
stream reach between the confluence of Dicks Creek with the Tuckasegee River to 100 meter:
above bridge 36. A mussel survey was completed on July 16, 2003. No native mussels were
found during this survey. This bridge will be replaced with another spanning structure that wil
minimize long term impacts and will result in only very minimal impact during construction. T
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service concurred with a conclusion of "not likely to adversely affect'
for the Appalachian elktoe provided measures on the attached Project Green Sheets are adhere
to.
The Office of State Archaeology determined that this project is unlikely to affect significant
archaeological resources since it is being constructed on existing location. The State Historic
Preservation Office has reviewed this project and found one property, Dicks Creek Baptist
Church, eligible for listing on the National Register. It was determined that this National
Register-eligible property would not be affected.
Impacts,to Waters of the United States
Dicks Creek' is at least a 4~` order stream at the project site with awell-defined channel and is
shown on the USGS topographic maps as a blue line stream. The stream supports fish, includ
trout, and other aquatic organisms. The stream channel is composed of boulder, cobble and
gravel and lacks vegetation. For these reasons, we believe that Dicks Creek is under the
jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In order to construct the project, it will be
necessary to impact waters of the T:Jnited States in the Little Tennessee River Basin. Specific
NCDOT is requesting to replace Jackson County Bridge No. 36 with a cored slab structure.
Listed below is a summary of the proposed impacts.
Site No.
Station Existing Condition Proposed Condition Net Impact:
Site 1 Western Existing End Structure Removal and Replace 0'
Bent and Associated Rip with Class II Rip Rap (50 LF)
Rap Fills (50 LF)
Site 2 Eastern Existing End Structure Removal and Replace 0'
Bent and Associated Rip with Class II Rip Rap (50 LF)
Rap Fills (50 LF)
Total net impact from new structure = 0 Sq.
Since the existing bank stabilization and end bent removal of SO linear feet is equal to the
placement of 50 linear feet of rip rap associated with the new bridge, there will be no net imp
Therefore, there will be no mitigation required for this project.
The best management practices will be used to minimize and control sedimentation and erosi
this project. The construction foreman will review all erosion control measures daily to ensu
sedimentation and erosion is being effectively controlled. If the planned devices are not

B-4349 on SR 1388 Page 3 October 17, 2006
functioning as intended, they will be immediately replaced with better devices. All commitments
on the Project Green Sheets will be adhered to.
Permits Requested
NCDOT is hereby requesting authorization under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act to proceed
with the construction project outlined above. By copy of this letter, I am asking Ms. Marla
Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
(NCWRC) to comment directly to you concerning the 404 Nationwide Permit request.
Additionally, I am asking Ms. Chambers and Mr. Ed Ingle, Roadside Environmental Field
Operations Engineer (NCDOT), to comment directly to me concerning this permit request.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at [phone].
Your early review and consideration will be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely,
C.D. Lee, EI
Division 14 Bridge Maintenance Engineer
cc: VMr. John Hennessy, DWQ, DENR Raleigh (1 Courtesy Copy)
Mr. Mike Parker, DWQ, Asheville Regional Office (1 Courtesy Copy)
nom. Marla Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, NCWRC
Mr. Joel Setzer, P.E., Division Engineer, NCDOT, Sylva
Mr. Mark Davis, Division Environmental Officer, NCDOT
Mr. E. L. Ingle, Roadside Environmental Field Operations Engineer, NCDOT

i ~, 6
I - ,
PROJECT COMlO7ITMENTS
5R 1388
Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek
Jackson' County
Federal-aid Project No. PFH-1388(2)
State Project No. 8.2961501 (WBS PE 33679.1.1)
T.LP. No: B-4349-
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 Conditions, the General Nationwide
.Permit Conditions, Section 404, Only Conditions; Regional Conditions, State Consistency
Conditions; NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for the Protection. of
Surface tiVaters; Design .Standards for Sensitive Watersheds, Erosion'. and Sediment
Control Guidelines for Contract .Construction, ,Best Management Practices" for, Bridge
Demolition and Removal; General. Certification Conditions; and Section 401 Conditions
of Certification, the following special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
Division 14 ,
- Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters will be strictly adhered to.
. Sediment and erosion. control .measures should adhere to design standards for sensitive
watersheds. ,
The NCWRC has identified prohibitions against in-stream activities for-the project. area
due to the presence of several aquatic species currently, protected under state. and federal
'laws as well as for protection- of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In-stream
activities and land disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-meter) trout buffer are prohibited
from January 1; through April 15 in order to prevent sedimentation from impacting fish
eggs and fry downstream of the project site:: ~ . ,.
Erosion and Sediment Control: The conditions described below are reiterated on the
erosion and sedimentation control plans, but are stated here for~eniphasis.
Sandbags filled with washed; small. stone will be `placed in the strearr~ around the :entire
construction area to filter any sediment that~may enter the stream due to land disturbance
during construction. The sandbag. fabric'willbe specified to ensure that the tightest
':available weave is used. Stones are preferred:over sand to prevent the-accidental or
• ~ incidental introduction of sand into the stream:` The stone willbe specified. to ensure that
it is washed at the quarry and is the appropriate size for filtration., The sandbags will be
,installed at the beginning of construction and left in place until construction is complete:
They will riot, form a weir or other obstruction that would significantly impede ,
downstream flow.
Once the existing bridge decks are removed, silt fencing will, be installed on top of the
existing concrete vertical abutments and wing walls to prevent material excavated .from
Green Sheet

Green Sheet
f

CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
TIP Project No. B-4349
State Project No. 8.2961501 (WBS PE 33679.1.1)
Federal Project No. PFH-1388(2)
A. Project Description:
This project replaces Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek in Jackson
County. The existing 26-foot, single-span bridge will be replaced with a
single-span bridge 50 feet in length and approximately 30 feet wide. The new
bridge will be stage constructed in order to maintain traffic on-site during
construction.
B. Purpose and Need:
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Bridge Maintenance
Unit records indicate that Bridge No. 36 has a sufficiency rating of 10.3 and is
structurally deficient. The clear roadway width is 19.2 feet. The bridge
superstructure is comprised of a timber deck supported by steel I-beams. The
substructure consists of timber end bents. The timber sills are partially
encased. The timber posts of the end bents display evidence of decay and
moderate levels of rust appears on the I-beams. The edge of the stream flows
into and along abutment No. 1. Replacement of the bridge is necessary due to
its deteriorating condition.
C. Proposed Improvements:
The following Type II improvements which apply to the project are circled:
Modernization of a highway by resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, adding shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g., parking,
weaving, turning, climbing).
a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and Reconstructing
pavement (3R and 4R improvements)
b. Widening .roadway and shoulders without adding through
lanes
c. Modernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge, auxiliary, and turn
lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
f. Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets, and drainage
pipes, including safety treatments
g. Providing driveway pipes

h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than one through
lane)
2. Highway safety or traffic operations improvement projects including the
installation of ramp metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guardrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey type barriers and
pier protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators
£ Upgrading medians including adding or upgrading median
barriers
g. Improving intersections including relocation and/or
realigrunent
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j . Performing clear zone safety improvements including
removing hazards and flattening slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hardware including bridge rail retrofit
3O. Bridge rehabilitation, reconstruction or replacement or the construction of
grade separation to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
O Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing bridge approach
slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no red lead paint),
scour repair, fender systems, and minor structural
improvements
O Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
4. Transportation corridor fringe parking facilities.
5. Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest area.
6. Approvals for disposal of excess right-of--way or for joint or limited use of
right-of--way, where the proposed use does not have significant adverse
impacts.
7. Approvals for changes in access control.
8. Construction of new bus storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
2

construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and located on or near
a street with adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and support
vehicle traffic.
9. Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail and bus buildings and
ancillary facilities where only minor amounts of additional land are
required and there is not a substantial increase in the number of users.
D
10. Construction of bus transfer facilities (an open area consisting of
passenger shelters, boarding areas, kiosks and .related street
improvements) when located in a commercial area or other high activity
center in which there is adequate street capacity for projected bus traffic:
11. Construction of rail storage an maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and where there is no
significant noise impact on the surrounding community.
12. Acquisition of land for hardship or protective purposes, advance land
acquisition loans under section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hardship and
protective buying will be permitted only for a particular parcel or a limited
number of parcels. These types of land acquisition qualify for a CE only
where the acquisition will not limit the evaluation of alternatives,
including shifts in alignment for planned construction projects, which may
be required in the NEPA process. No project development on such land
may proceed until the NEPA process has been completed.
Special Project Information:
Estimated Costs:
Total Construction $ 210,000
Right-of--Way $ 0
Total $ 210,000
Estimated Traffic:
Current 2003
Year 2030
TTST
Dual
- 300 vehicles per day
- 700 vehicles per day
- 2%
- 1%
Accidents: According to crash records for the three-year period from
12/01/1999 to 11/30/2002, no crashes were reported in the vicinity of the
bridge.
3

Design Speed: 50 miles per hour
Functional Classification: Rural Local Route
School Buses: Two school buses cross Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 each day.
Division Office Comments:
Road closure is not possible on this project, as no detour route is available.
The new bridge should be stage constructed to maintain traffic on-site during
construction. One lane of traffic is acceptable during the construction period.
Bridge Demolition:
In order to protect the water quality and aquatic life in the area affected by this
project, the NCDOT and all potential contractors should follow appropriate
guidelines for bridge demolition and removal. These guidelines are presented
in three NCDOT documents entitled Pre-Construction Guidelines for Bridge
Demolition and Removal, Policy: Bridge Demolition and Removal in Waters
of the United States, and Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition
and Removal (BMPs-BDR) (all documents dated 9/20/99). Guidelines
followed for bridge demolition and removal are in addition to those
implemented for Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface
Waters ($MPs-PSW).
The proposed project is a Case 2 category as defined in the NCDOT's BMPs -
BDR. The Case 2 category allows no work at all in the water during
moratorium periods associated with fish migration, spawning, and larval
recruitment into nursery areas. The NCWRC has identified prohibitions
against in--stream,. activities for the project area due to the presence of several
aquatic species currently protected under state and federal laws as well as for
protection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus rnykiss). In-stream activities and
land disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-meter) trout buffer are prohibited
from January 1 through April 15 in order to prevent sedimentation from
impacting fish eggs and fry downstream of the project site.
Offsite Detour: Because SR 1388 is a dead-end road an on-site detour is
required. The bridge will be stage-constructed so that traffic can be
maintained throughout the construction period.
E. Threshold Criteria:
The following evaluation of threshold criteria must be completed for Type II
actions.
ECOLOGICAL
YES NO
(1) Will the project have a substantial impact on any unique
or important natural resource? X
4

(2) Does the project involve habitat where federally listed
endangered or threatened species may occur?
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish? ^
X
(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the amount of
permanent and/or temporary wetland taking less than n
one-third ('1/3) of an acre and have all practicable X ~J
measures to avoid and minimize wetland takings been
evaluated?
(S) Will the project require the use of U.S. Forest Service D
lands? X
(6) Will the quality of adjacent water resources be adversely
impacted by proposed construction activities? X
(7) Does the project involve waters classified as Outstanding
Water Resources (OWR) and/or High Quality Waters
(HQW)? X
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of the United States
in any of the designated mountain trout counties? X
(9) Does the project involve any known underground storage
tanks (UST's) or hazardous materials sites? X
PERMITS AND COORDINATION YES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA county, will the
project significantly affect the coastal zone and/or any X
"Area of Environmental Concern" (AEC)?
(11) Does the project involve Coastal Barrier Resources Act
resources? X

(12) Will a U.S. Coast Guard permit be required? ^ X
(13) Will the project result in the modification of any existing
regulatory floodway? X
5

(14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel ^
changes? X
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES YES NO
(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts to planned
growth or land use for the area? X
(16) Will the project require the relocation of any family or
business? ~ X
(17) Will the project have a disproportionately high and
adverse human health and environmental effect on any
minority or low-income population? X
(18) If the project involves the acquisition of right of way, is

the amount of right of way acquisition considered minor? D
X

(19) Will the project involve any changes in access control? a X
(20) Will the project substantially alter the usefulness and/or
land use of adjacent property? X
(21) Will the project have an adverse effect on permanent local
traffic patterns or community cohesiveness? ~ X
(22) Is the project included in an approved thoroughfare plan
and/or Transportation Improvement Program (and is,
therefore, in conformance with the Clean Air Act of X
1990)?
(23) Is the project anticipated to cause an increase in traffic
volumes? X
(24) Will traffic be maintained during construction using ^
existing roads, staged construction or on-site detours? X
(25) If the project is a bridge replacement project, will the
bridge be replaced at its existing location (along the ^
existing facility) and will all construction proposed in X
association with the bridge replacement project be
contained on the existing facility?
6

(26) Is there substantial controversy on social, economic, or
environmental grounds concerning the project?
(27) Is the project consistent with all Federal, State, and local
laws relating to the environmental aspects of the project?
(28) Will the project have an "effect" on structures/properties
eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic
Places?
(29) Will the project affect any archaeological remains, which
are important to history or pre-history?
r~
x
-~
^x
(30) Will the project require the use of Section 4(f) resources
(public parks, recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl
refuges, historic sites, or historic bridges, as defined in X
Section 4(f) of the U.S. Department of Transportation Act
of 1966)?
(31) Will the project result in any conversion of assisted public
recreation sites or facilities to non-recreation uses, as X
defined by Section 6(f) of the Land and Water
Conservation Act of 1965, as amended?
(32) Will the project involve construction in, across, or
adjacent to a river designated as a component of or
proposed for inclusion in the Natural System of Wild and X
Scenic Rivers?
F. Additional Documentation Required for Unfavorable Responses in Part E
(Discussion regarding all unfavorable responses in Part E should be provided
below. Additional supporting documentation may be attached, as necessary.)
(2) Habitat is present in the project area for the Appalachian elkioe
(Alasmidonta raveneliana), which is listed as Endangered by the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. Surveys were conducted by qualified mussel specialists
and no specimens of this species were located. According to the mussel
survey report, the proposed bridge replacement drains to habitat outside the
project area occupied by this species. Efforts will be taken to avoid any
downstream impacts that could result from project construction. Additional
information is provided in Appendix B.
(2) Habitat for the small-whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) is available in
large portions of the general project vicinity. At the project site, suitable
habitat potentially exists in the cove forest adjacent to Dicks Creek. However,
7

frequent disturbance due to yard waste dumping on the south side of the road,
and heavy foot traffic near the pedestrian access on the north side of the road
would inhibit the growth of small-whorled pogonia. Appropriate habitat for
small-whorled pogonia does not exist in the right-of-way areas adjacent to
Dicks Creek Road. A search for small-whorled pogonia was conducted during
site visits on April 2, 2003 and July 29, 2003. Even though this was not the
expected bloom period of mid-May to mid-June, no plants with the vegetative
characteristics of small-whorled pogonia were observed in the search corridor.
Agency letters in response to the project scoping letters are provided in
Appendix A. Additional supporting documentation is provided for
informational purposes in Appendix B.
An addendum to the Historic Architectural Resources Survey Report is
included in Appendix B. The addendum is for Dick's Creek .Baptist Church,
which is located in the project vicinity. The church is eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places. The addendum notes that the church
property is approximately one acre in size. Additional research of the property
deed revealed that it is 0.52 acre. A revised figure showing the correct
boundary is included in Appendix B. A concurrence form stating that the
project will not affect the property is provided in Appendix A.
8

CE Approval
TIP Project No. B-4349
State Project No. 8.2961501
Federal-aid Project No. PFH-13882)
Project Description:
This project replaces Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek in Jackson
County. The existing bridge will be replaced with asingle-span bridge 50 feet
in length and approximately 30 feet wide. The new bridge will be stage
constructed in order to maintain traffic on-site during construction.
Categorical Exclusion Action Classification:
Approved:
12.'11.(b5
Date
TYPE II (A)
TYPE II (B)
ra/131bs
Date P ject Manager, NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit
For Type II (B) projects only:
Date Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
9

DEC-06-2005 15 40 NCDOT OHE-ONE 919 715 15D1 P.02i03
F'ederul Aid ~ PFII-1388(Z) TIP # B-4349 County: Jaclsan
C:UNCURRENCE FUKM ~'OR ASSESSMENT OF ;/FFECTS
Project Uescriplion: Replace Bridle No. 36 on 5R 1388 vver Dick's Creek
On Dcc;ember G, 2005, r~~prvscntatives of the
[~ North Carolina Depart.m~nt of Transportation (NC170T)
[~ Federal IIighway Administration (FHWA)
North Carolina St<~tc Historic Preservation C)ffice: (HPQ)
^ Qther
Kcviewed the subject project atta agreed
^ "fhcrc are no effects on the National Register-listed property/properties located within the
:project's area of potential eff~cl an<t listed nn the reverse.
There are no effects on the National ReI;*istcr-eligible property/properties located vVithin
the project's area of potential effect and listed vn, the reverse.
^ There is an effect nn the National K.e~ster-listed property/properties located within the
project's area of potential effc;ct. The property/properties and the effect(s) are listed on
the: revcrsC.
^ There is an effc;c;t art the Nation~ll Register-eligible property/properties located within the
project's areit of pvtcnl.ial effect. The property/properties and effect(s) are listed on the
reverse.
Sil,~r-cd:
1~ 12 (~ 20
.~u..rnoar~f oti N~' ~~7~ DBtC
~ Z -(0-~5
FIIWA, for thy. Dt ision Administrator, or vthor Focleral Agency Date
1 ~ ~ c~~
Representative, Hl'4 Date
State F•Iistoric Preservatiotl Officer Date

DEC-06-2005 15 41 NCDOT OHE-ONE
~eder~il did # FFII-138$(2)
919 715 1501 P.03i03
TIP # 5-4349 County: 3ackson
Properties within the area of potc:r-tial effect for which there is na effect. Indicate if property 'ts
Naticr~I Register-listed (NR) or dcterrnined eligible {llE).
~ ~ c-I~. ~ Cx.~~~- ~ ~is~- C.c,~ C ~
Yrnpez-tics within the are<~ of potential cCI'c:ct far which these is an cff:ECt. Indicate property status
(NR or Ill ) and describe the effect.
Reason(s) why the effect is not ac{vcrsc (i F applicable).
Initialed: NC17OT~ PIIWA ~1~4 HPO~~~
TOTAL P.03

~,~a.:~.• CEP i 6 ~on5
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA~~ ~~~~~~~ Oi TRAN~~`ORT~~TT.GN
DEPARTN~r OF TRANSPORTATI~'f~al P ridge h~ as nt.
MICHAEL F. EASLEY LYNDO TIPPETT
GvVERNUR SECRETARY
September 13, 2005
Mr. Peter B. Sandbeck
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
4617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-4617
Dear Mr. Sandbeck:
RE: B-4349, Replace Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 over Dick's Creek, Jackson County,
State Project # 8.2961501, FA # PFH-1388(2)
Thank you for your letter of May 3, 2005 providing comments on the survey report for
this project. In that letter you did not concur with our finding of ineligibility for Dick's
Creek Baptist Church. Instead, you stated that the church, despite the alterations, is
significant under Criterion A for its association with the development of a small rural
community. We concur with the eligibility finding and include with this letter the historic
boundary description, boundary justification, and map for the church.
Please review the attached documentation and provide your comments. If you have any
questions concerning the accompanying information, please contact me at 715-1620.
Sincerely,
Mary Pope urr
Historic Architecture Section
Attachment
Cc (w/ attachment):
Mike Summers, Bridge Maintenance, NCDOT
John Sullivan III, P.E., Adminstrator, FHWA
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] PARKER LINCOLN BUILDING
OFFICE OF HUMAN EI`IVIRONMENT 2726 CAPRAL BOULEVARD, SUITE 166

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
September 13, 2004
Mr. Mike Summers, Project Manager ,
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:
Subject: Endangered Species Concurrence for Bridge Replacements (B-4348, Bridge No. 156 on
SR 1388, and B-4349, Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388) over Dicks Creek, Jackson County,
North Carolina
As requested by Mullcey, Inc., for the North Carolina Department of Transportation, we have
reviewed the project enviromnental commmitments, natural resources information, and biological
conclusions for federally protected species for the subject projects. The following comments are
provided in accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
According to the information provided, the federally endangered Appalachian ellctoe
(Alasrrtidonta raveneliana) occurs approximately 1 mile downstream of.the project sites in the
Tuckasegee River. Due to the close proximity to occupied habitat, a mussel survey was
conducted in Dicks Creels from its confluence with the Tuckasegee River to 100 meters upstream
of the project area. No native freshwater mussels were located during this survey. Although no
mussels were found during survey, we were concerned about potential direct and indirect effects
from the demolition of the existing structures and the design and construction of the replacement
structures.
We have reviewed plans for erosion control and demolition of the existing structures. Provided
the "green sheet" commitments are implemented and strictly adhered to, we concur-with your
conclusion of "not likely to adversely affect" for the Appalachian ellctoe for the subject projects.
- V~e-beiieve the requirements under-sections{c) of the Act are fulfilled. However, obligations
under section 7 of the Act must be reconsidered if: (1) new information reveals impacts of this
identified action that may affect listed species or critical habitat in a manner not previously
considered, (2) this action is subsequently modified in a manner that was not considered in this

review, or (3) a new species is listed or critical habitat is determined that maybe affected by the
identified action.
If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at
828/258-3939, Ext. 237. In any future correspondence concerning these pzojects, please
reference our Log Numbers 4-2-03-346 (B-4348) and 4-2-03-347 (B-4349).
Sincerely,
,~ - P
~~
Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa St~•eet
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
September 18, 2003
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Centel
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
Subject: Endangered Species Concurarence for Two Bridge Replacements--B-4348, Bridge
No. 156 on SR 1388, and B-4349, Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388--over Dicks Creek,
Jackson County, North Carolina
As requested by Mulkey, Inc. (for the North Carolina Department of Transportation), we have
reviewed the natural resources information and biological conclusions for federally protected
species for the subject projects. The following comments are provided in accordance with the
provisions of section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C.
1531-1543) (Act).
According to the information provided, the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe .
(Alasmidonta raveneliana) occurs approximately 1 miledownstream of the project sites in Dicks
Creek, a tributary to the Tuckasegee River. Due to the close proximity of the sites to occupied
habitat, a mussel survey was conducted in Dicks Creek from its confluence with the Tuckasegee
River to 100 meters upstream of the project area. No native freshwater mussels were located
during this survey.
Although no mussels were found during the survey, there is still the potential for direct and
indirect effects from the demolition of the existing structures and the design and construction of
the replacement structures. As such, we cannot concur with a "not likely to adversely affect"
determination at this time. When information regarding the actions associated with these two •
projects becomes available, we will provide further comments.

If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at
828/258-3939, Ext. 237. In any future,correspondence concerning these projects, please
reference our Log Numbers 4-2-03-346 (B-4348) and 4-2-03-347 (B-4349).
Sincerely,
J
Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor
cc:
Mr. Steve Lund, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Ms. Marla J. Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 12275 Swift Road, Oakboro, NC 28129
Ms. Cynthia Van Der Wiele, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of Water Quality, Wetlands Section, 1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC
27699-1621
Mr. Mike Summers; Project Manager, Bridge, Maintenance Unit, North,,Carolina Department of
Transportation;' 1565 ~Mai1 Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27698-1565

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
July 25; 2003
Mr. Mike Summers
Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:
Subject: Proposed Bridge Replacement Projects in Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, and
Haywood Counties, North Carolina
As requested in your letter of May 1, 2003, we have reviewed the subject projects and provide
the following comments in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 661-667e), and section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
The maps included with your letter frequently did not contain adequate landmarks to be able to
easily find the project locations., Future maps or project descriptions should portxay or reference
notable landmarks to enable the projects to be easily located: Additionally, there was reference
to demolition information in your cover letter, but it was not enclosed with our package.
The information we received for these eight projects does not include descriptions of the
structures that will replace the existing bridges nor does it include any environmental information
regarding the streams or whether habitat assessments or surveys for rare. species have been '
conducted for any of these projects. Therefore, our comments are limited primarily to the known
locations of listed species and federal species of concern. When the categorical exclusions are
prepared and more information is available regazding environmental effects, we can offer more
substantive comments.
Enclosed is a species list for the four counties included in this package. This list provides the
names of species on the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants as well
as federal species of concern. Federal species of concern are not legally protected under the Act

and are not subject to any of its provisions, including section 7, unless they are formally proposed
or listed as endangered or threatened. We are including these species in our response to give you
advance notification and to request your assistance in protecting them if any are found in the
vicinity~of your projects. Our records indicate the following:
Cherokee County:
In general, while there are no known locations of the Indiana bat in the vicinity of
these projects, if trees will be cleared for these projects, habitat should be assessed
for this species; if suitable habitat is present, further surveys maybe required.
Project B-3430 (Log No. 4-2-03-343) =Our records indicate known occurrences
of the sicklefin redhorse (Moxostoma sp.l) in Hanging Dog Creek. Although the
sicklefin redhorse currently is a federal species of concern, its status is under '
review. This species maybe elevated to candidate status for federal listing. We
recommend surveying the project area for this species prior to any further
planning or on-the-ground activities. We also strongly recommend that this
bridge be replaced with another spanning structure.
Proiect B-3431 (Log No. 4-2-03-344) -Our records indicate no known locations
of listed species in the project area. However, we recommend conducting habitat
assessments and surveying any suitable habitat in the project area for these species
prior to any further planning or on-the-ground activities to ensure that no adverse
impacts occur.
Jackson County:
Proiect B-4347 (Log No. 4-2-03-345) -Our records indicate that there are known
locations of the gc•een salamander (Aneides aeneus), a federal species of concern.,
near the proposed project. ' We recommend conducting habitat assessments and
surveying any suitable habitat in the project area for this species prior to any
further planning or on-the-ground activities to ensure that no adverse impacts
occur.
Project B-4348 (Log No. 4-2-03-346) and Proiect B-4349 (Log No. 4-2-03-347) -
Dick's Creek is a tributary to the Little Tennessee River, and it flows into
occupied habitat and designated critical habitat for the endangered Appalachian
elktoe (Alasmidonta raveniliana). Given the proximity of these projects to the
Little Tennessee River, we recommend surveying for listed mussels in Dick's
Creek prior to any on-the-ground activities. If mussels are located, additional
consultation will be required.

Transylvania and Haywood Counties:
Proiect B-4690 (Log No. 4-2-03-348), Project B-4691 (Log No. 4-2-03-349), and
Project B-4692 (Log No. 4-2-03-350} -Our records indicate no known locations
of listed species in the project areas. However, we recommend conducting habitat
assessments and surveying any suitable habitat in the project areas for these
species prior to any further planning or on-the-ground activities to ensure that no
adverse impacts occur.
We are interested in the types of structures that will replace these existing bridges and would
recommend spanning structures, preferably bridges, in all cases. In addition, off-site detours are
preferable to temporary on-site crossings in order to reduce stream-bank disturbance. We look
forward to reviewing the completed categorical exclusion documents.
If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ivls. Marella Bunciclc of our staff at
828/258-3939, Ext. 237. In any future correspondence concerning these projects, please
reference the log numbers assigned with our comments about each of them.
Sincerely,
Brian P. Cole
State Supervisor
Enclosure
cc:
Mr. Steve Lund, U.S..~xmy Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Ms. Marla J. Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 12275 Swift Road, Oakboro, NC 28129. .
Ms. Cynthia Van Der Wiele, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality, Wetlands Section, 1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC
27699-1621

ENDANGERED, THREATENED, AND CANDIDATE SPECIES AND FEDERAL
SPECIES OF CONCERN, CHEROKEE, JACKSON, TRANSYLVANIA.,
AND HAYWOOD COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
This list was adapted from the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's County Species List. It is a
listing, for Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, and Haywood Counties, of North Carolina's federally listed
and proposed endangered, threatened, and candidate species and Federal species of concern (for a
complete list of rare species in the state, please contact the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program).
The information in this list is compiled from a variety of sources, including field surveys, museums and
herbaria, literature, and personal communications. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's
database is dynamic, with new records being added and old records being revised as new information is
received. Please note that this list cannot be considered a definitive record of listed species and Federal
species of concern, and it should not be considered a substitute for field surveys.
Critical habitat: Critical habitat is noted, with a description, for the counties where it is designated or
proposed.
Aquatic species: Fishes and aquatic uivertebrates are noted for counties where they are known to occur.
However, projects may have effects on downstream aquatic systems in adjacent
counties.
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
CHEROKEE COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus-rafinesquii FSC
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Blotched chub Erimystax insignis FSC
Jarzaluska salamander Eurycea junaluska FSC
"Sicklefin" redhorse Moxostoma sp. 1 FSC
Indiana bat Myotis sodalis Endangered
(summer habitat)
Olive darter Percina squansata FSG
Northern pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus FSC*
Invertebrates
Hiwassee crayfish Canxbarus hiwasseensis FSC
Parrish crayfish Cambarus parrishi FSC
Tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri FSC**
Tennessee heelsplitter Lasmigona holstonia FSC*
Knotty rocksnail Lithasia christyi FSC
Littlewing pearlymussel Pegias fabula Endangered**
Tennessee clubshell Pleurobema oviforme FSC
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria Jana FSC
Cumberland bean Villosa trabalis Endangered
Vascular Plants
Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Threatened
White fringeless orchid Platanthera integrilabia C1*
January 29, 2003 Page 1 of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata FSC
Hairy blueberry Yaccinium hirsutum FSC
JACKSON COUNTY
Critical I3abitat Designation: Appalachian elktoe, Alasmidonta raveneliana -The
main stem of the Tuckasegee River (Little Tennessee River system), from the N.C. State
Route 1002 Bridge in Cullowhee, Jackson County, North Carolina, downstream to the
N.C. Highway 19 Bridge, north of Bryson City, Swain County, North Carolina.
Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include: (i) Permanent, flowing,
cool, clean water; (ii) Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; (iii) Pool, riffle, .
and run sequences within the channel; (iv) Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and
bedrock substrates with no more than low amounts of fine sediment; (v) Moderate to
high stream gradient; (vi) Periodic natural flooding; and (vii) Fish hosts, with adequate
living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl
Green salamander
Rosyside dace
Hellbender
Wounded darter
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
"Sicklefin" redhorse
Indiana bat
Southern Appalachian woodrat
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee
Olive darter
Northern pine snake
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied
sapsucker
Appalachian Bewick's wren
Invertebrates `
Appalachian elktoe
French Broad crayfish
Whitewater crayfish ostracod
Tawny crescent butterfly
.Diana fritillary butterfly
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir
Mountain bittercress
Radford's sedge
Cuthbert's turtlehead
Aegolius acadicus FSC
Aneides aeneus FSC
Clinostonzusfunduloides ssp. 1 FSC
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Etheostoma vulneratum FSC
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Loxia curvirostra FSC
Moxostoma sp. 1 FSC
Myotis sodalis Endangered
(winter records)
Neotoma floridana haematoreia FSC
Poecile atricapillus practicus. FSC
Percina squamata FSC
Pituophis.melanoleucus melanoleucus FSC
Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
Thryomanes bewickii altos FSC
Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered
Cambarus reburrus FSC
Dactyloctythere prinsi FSC
Phycoides batesii maconensis FSC
Speyeria diana ~ FSC
Abies fraseri FSC
Cardamine clematitis FSC
Carex radfordii FSC
Chelone cuthbertii FSC
January 29, 2003 Page 2 of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Tall larkspur
Glade spurge
Swamp pink
Gorge filtJny fern
Small whorled pogonia
Butternut
Fraser's loosestrife
Sweet pinesap
Torrey's mountain-mint
Carolina saxifrage
Divided-leaf ragwort . .
Mountain catchfly
Granite dome goldenrod
Mountain thaspium
Lobed barren-strawberry
Delphinium exaltatum
Euphorbia purpurea
Helonias bullata
Hymenophyllum tayloriae
Isotria medeoloides
Juglans cinerea
Lysimachia fraseri
Monotropsis odorata
Pycnanthemum torrei
Sax~aga caroliniana
Senecio millefolium
Silene oyata
Solidago simulans
Thaspium pinnatifidum
Waldsteinia lobata
FSC
FSC
Threatened
FSC.
Tlueatened
FSC
FSC
FSC
F5C*
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC*
FSC*
Nonvascular Plants
Gorge moss
Rock gnome lichen
A liverwort
A liverwort
A liverwort
A liverwort
TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY
Bryocrumia vivicolor
Gymnodernsa lineare
Plagiochila sullivantii var. spinigera
Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii
Plagiochila virginica var. caroliniana
Sphenolobopsis pearsonii
FSC
Endangered
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
Critical Habitat Designation: Appalachian elktoe, AlasmidoKta raveneliana -The
main stem of the Little River (French Broad River system), from the Cascade Lake
Power Plant, downstream to its confluence with the French Broad River.
Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include: (i) Permanent, flowing,
cool, clean water; (ii) Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; (iii) Pool, riffle,
and run sequences within the channel; (iv) Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and
bedrock substrates with no more than low amounts of fine sediment; (v) Moderate to
high stream gradient; (vi) Periodic natural flooding; and (vii) Fish hosts, with adequate
living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
Vertebrates .
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl
Green salamander
Bog turtle
Rafinesque's big-eared bat
Hellbender
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
Southern Appalachian woodrat
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee
Aegolius acadicus FSC
Aneides aeneus FSC
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)1
Corynorhinus rafinesquii FSC*
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Loxia curvirostra FSC'
Neotomafloridana haematoreia FSC*
Poecile atricapillus practices FSC
January 29, 2003 Page 3 of 6

.COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
sapsucker
Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus obscurus FSC
Appalachian Bewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii altus FSC*
Invertebrates
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered
French Broad crayfish Canzbarus reburrus FSC
Oconee crayfish ostracod Cynzocythere clavata FSC
Oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis Endangered
Margarita River skimmer Macromia margarita FSC

Diana fritillary butterfly
Speyeria Jana .
.
FSC*
Transylvania crayfish ostracod Walto~zcythere acuta FSC
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir Abies fraseri FSC
Alexander's rock aster Aster avitus FSC
Cuthbert's turtlehead Chelone cuthbertii FSC
Spreading avens Geum radiatum Endangered
Smoky Mountain mannagrass Glyceria nubigena FSC
Swamp pink Helonias bullata Threatened
French Broad heartleaf Hexastylis rhombifornzis FSC
Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Threatened
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Fraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis odorata FSC
Flatrock panic grass Panicum lithophilum FSC*
Mountain sweet pitcher plant Sarracenia jonesii Endangered
Southern oconee-bells Shortia galacifolia var. galacifolia FSC
Lobed barren-strawberry Waldsteinia lobata FSC
Nonvascular Plants
Gorge moss Bryocrumia vivicolor FSC
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma Zineare Endangered
A liverwort Plagiochila sharpii FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila virginica var. ccn•oliniana FSC
HAYWOOD COUNTY
Critical Habitat Designation: Spruce-fir moss spider, Microl:exura montivaga -
Critical habitat designated (see the July 6, 2001, Federal Register, 66:35547-35566).
Critical Habitat Designation: Appalachian elktoe, Alasmidonta raveneliana -The
main stem of the West Fork Pigeon River .(French Broad River system), from the
confluence of the Little East Fork Pigeon River, downstream to the confluence of the
East Fork Pigeon River, and the main stem of the Pigeon River, from the confluence of
the West Fork Pigeon River and the East Fork Pigeon River, downstream to the
N.C. Highway 215 Bridge crossing, south of Canton, North Carolina.
January 29, 2003 Page 4 of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include: (i) Permanent, flowing,
cool, clean water; (ii) Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; (iii) Pool, riffle,
and run sequences within the channel; (iv) Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and
bedrock substrates with no more than. low amounts of fine sediment; (v) Moderate to
high stream gradient; (vi) Periodic natural flooding; and (vii) Fish hosts, with adequate
living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus FSC
Bog turtle Clemn:ys muhlenbergii T(S/A)1
Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis FSC
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea FSC
Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened

Southern Appalachian red.crossbill ~
Loxia curvirostra (proposed for delisting)
FSC
Southern rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis FSC
Gray bat Myotis grisescens Endangered
Southern Appalachian woodrat Neotomafloridana haematoi~eia FSC
Alleghany woodrat Neotoma magister FSC
Southern Appalachian black-capped Poecile atricapillus practicus FSC
chickadee
Eastern cougar Puma concolor couguar Endangered*
Southern water shrew Sorex palustris punctulatus FSC
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
sapsucker
Appalachian cottontr-.zi Sy1VZlagZlS ObSCtll•us FSC
Appalachian Bewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii altc.~s FSC
Invertebrates
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered
Spruce-fir moss spider Microhexura montivaga Endangered
Tawny crescent butterfly Phyciodes batesii maconensis FSC*
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyer•ia Jana FSC
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir Abies fraseri FSC
Piratebush Buckleya disticophylla ~ FSC
Mountain bittercress Cardamine clematitis FSC
Tall larkspur Delphinium exaltatum FSC*
Glade spurge Euphorbia purpurea FSC
Smoky Mountain mannagrass Glyceria nubigena FSC
Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Threatened
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Fraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC
Torrey's mountain-mint Pycnanthemum torrei FSC*
Rugel's ragwort Rugelia nudicaulis .
FSC
Carolina saxifrage Sax~aga caroliniana FSC
January 29, 2003 Page 5 of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata FSC
Alabama least trillium Trillium pusillum var. 1 FSC
Nonvascular Plants
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare Endangered
A liverwort Plagiochila sharpii FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Sphenolobopsis pearsonii FSC
KEY:
Status Definition
Endangered A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
Threatened A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
Cl A taxon under consideration for official listing for which there is sufficient information to
support listing. ,
FSC A Federal species of concern--a species that may or may not be listed in the future (formerly
C2 candidate species or species under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient
information to support listing).
T(S/A) Threatened due to similarity of appearance (e.g., American alligator )--a species that is
threatened due to similarity of appearance with other rare species and is listed for its protection.
These species are not biologically endangered or threatened and are not subject to Section 7
consultation.
Species with 1, 2, 3, or 4 asterisks behind them indicate historic, obscure, or incidental records.
*Historic record -the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
**Obscure record -the date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
***IncidentaUmigrant record -the species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat.
****Historic record -obscure and incidental record.
'In the November 4, 1997, Federal Register (55822-55825), the northern population of the bog turtle (from New
York south to Maryland) was listed as T (threatened), and the southern population (from Virginia south to Georgia)
was listed as T(S/A) (threatened due to similarity of appearance). The T(S/A) designation bans the collection and
interstate and international commercial trade of bog turtles from the southern population. The T(S/A) designation
has no effect on land-management activities by private landowners in North Carolina, part of the southern
population of the species. In addition to its official status as T(S/A), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service considers
the southern population of the bog turtle as a Federal species of concern due to habitat loss.
January 29, 2003 Page 6 of 6

t
Tennessee Valley Authority, 400 West Summit HIII Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902-1499
September 9; 2003
Mr. Mike Sununers .
Bridge Maintenance Unit
~ North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
• Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565. .
' Dear Mr. Summers:
' REQUEST FOR COMMENTS ON BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECTS; B-3430 I
and B-3431 IN CHEROKEE COUNTY; B-4348 AND B-4349 ]N JACKSON COUNTY;
B-4690 AND B-4691 IN TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY, AND B-4692 IN HAYWOOD
4 ~ COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
~ ;.. •
TVA has reviewed the elevation and plan drawings provided in your letter of July 8, 2003,
on the proposed bridge replacements: Based on the plans provided, the following bridges
would not require Section 26a approval because they do not create a new obstruction and
~ are within the same alignment::..
B-3430, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Hanging Dog Creek, tributary to
0 .'
' Hiwassee Reservoir, Cherokee County "
B-3431, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Cook Creek, tributary to Hiwassee
j j Reservoir, Cherokee. County
! B-4348 and B-4349,. SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road) over Dicks Creek,
Tuckasegee River tributary; Tackson County
I
B-4692, SR 1334 (Max Patch Road). over Wesley Creek, Pigeon River tributary,
Haywood County ,
j~
The following .projects would.substantially widen the existing bndge by addition of lanes
I
and would still appear to require Section 26a approval: .
B-4690 .and B-4691, SR 1324,(Tanasee Gap Road) over Tucker; Creek, French
Broad Rivet tributary, Tr ylvania County

Mr. Mike Summers
Page 2 .
September 9, 2003
We will confirm these determinations when we review the Categorical Exclusion
documents and the final selected alternative during our permit review. Tf merger teams are
established for any of the projects; please include TVA in the coordination for the
project. In addition, if an environmental assessment into be prepared for any'project,
please contact TVA foi• consideration as a cooperating agency in the, project.
Should you have any questions, please contact Harold M. Draper at [phone] or
hrndraper@tva. gov.
Sincerely,
//.
f /~
Jon M: ney,~~er
i NEPA Administration..
Environmental Policy and Planning.
cc: Mr. John Sullivan, Division Administrator
~ ~ Federal Highway Administration , •
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410. .
Raleigh, North Carolina X7601. ,
~• ..
i ~.
-:
•
4
j
• ;~

Tennessee Valley Authority, 400 West Summit Hill Drrva, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902-1499
i
May 23, 2003 .
Mr. Mike Summers
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
.Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:

~.
t
i
c
t
3
E
{
REQUEST FOR COMMENTS ON BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECTS,
TENNESSEE RIVER WATERSHED, `CHEROKEE, HAYWOOD, JACKSON, AND..
TRANSYLVANIA COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
TVA has reviewed the maps provided in your letter of May 1., 2003, on the proposed
bridge replacements at 8 sites: ,
•. *B-3430, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Hanging Dog Creek, tributary to
Hiwassee Reservoir, Cherokee County
• *B-3431, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Beaver Dam Creek, tributary to
Hiwassee .Reservoir, Cherokee County
B-4347, SR 1107 .(Whiteside Cove Road) over Norton Miil Creek, Jackson
" County.. No TVA approval is needed for. this action 'iri the. Chattooga River
(Savannah .River) watershed.
• *B-4348 and *8-4349, SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road) over Dicks Creek,
~, Tuckasegee River tributary,' Jackson County
•: *B-4690 and *B-4691, SR 1324, (Tanasee Gap Road) over Tucker Creek,
.French Broad River tributary, Transylvania County' , ` :. " '
*B-4692; SR 1334 (Max patch Road) over Wesley Creek, Pigeon River
tributary,'Haywood County,
*Depending on final design and alignment, TVA approval may be needed.:
Based on the infermafieri provided, we are riot aware of any unique environmental .
features at the bridge replacement sites. The categorical exclusion documents
.prepared for these projects should note that an approval under Section 26a of the TVA
Act may be needed for bridge construction (except, for the B-4347 project): If merger
teams are established for any of the projects, please include TVA in the coordination

Mr. Mike Summers
Page 2
May 23, 2003

Enclosure
Typical Interactions During .Project Development
• Send scoping notice to NEPA Administration. TVA will reply to scoping .
notices and indicate that a Section 26a approval is needed, there is other
potential TVA involvement iri the project, or explain that there is no TVA .
involvement. '
• Include TVA as a member of Section 404 Merger Teams for the
Tennessee River. Watershed.
• Include TVA NEPA Administration on invitation List for monthly
. Interagency Coordination meetings.. ,
• Send monthly 13-month let list to NEPA Administration
• Include TVA as a "cooperating agency" in NEPA and SEPA documents
that require TVA permits or land use approvals ~„ ~...
• Send a copy of the preliminary draft of the EA or EIS to TVA NEPA.
Administration for comment prior.to public release and approval.. TVA will
. reply within the specified time frame,, generally within three weeks.
• TVA will reply to merger team correspondence'and environmental
..documents with comments or„reply. that all. the. environmental, issues are
addressed and that it has no commehts.
Send a copy of the publicly released EA or EIS to TVA. ..
• TVA may comment: If no comments are received.during the review
period, NCDOT will assume that TVA has no further comments.
•, Include TVA in Section~7 Endangered Species Act consultations. Notify
TVA if formal consultation is undertaken, including a Biological
Assessment and Biological Opinion... This will allow TVA to ensure that
the incidental take permit is issued in the name of TVA as well as FHWA..
• Include. TVA in consultations under Section 106 of the. National Historic:
Preservation Act. If a Memorandum of Agreement is prepared; provide
TVA an opportunity to be a signatory: ,
• Send a copy of the CE, FONSI; FEIS or'ROD to TVA when completed.
~~
~j
('

L~Taze-th aC~rali2x~.. ~+~~a~rn~axx-~ o~~'.
Exx.-sri.x~azxi~re.~xa~t ao.xac~L ~'~.~~-,~1 ~~,~c~~~~ce~;
#f~x~~xax~ erg' ~a~. a.xx~l.`'"~.-~:~~ +Caxx~ex-^~za-~Ya~. ,-~--~..-~~
•~-~..~..... ,.s..~...
Michael F. Easley, Governor ~~~~~~
~~4'illiam G. Ross Jr„ Secretary
• David S. Vogel, Director
i
1!'IE11'IORANDUN[: May 19, 2003 •
TO: Melba•McGee
::
FROM:.:. David Harrison ,~%?~'~
i : -.
! SUBJECT: ; NCDOT Bridge Replacement Projects ~ .
~ ~ The NG Department of•Transportation is pzeparing the p~anning'and environmental
studies for T6 bridge replacement projects in ,Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Haywood,' Jackson,
i McDowell; Rutherford, Stanly, Surry, Transylvania and Yadkin Counties.
~~
i .
If construction is restricted to existing right-of-ways, there should be.no impact to Prime
or' Statewide. Important Farmland. Any acquisition of additional right=of-wa}~s far increase size,
j :. ~ capacity or changes in approach could affect Prime or Statewide Important Farmland:. In. that
~ case, t17e environmental assessment would include.information on adverse impacts. .
,.
:.The definition of Prime or Statewide Important Farmland is based on the soil series' and
I ~ not on its ;current land use.: Areas that are;developed or are within munici al boundaries are'
i exempt from consideration as Prime.or Important Farmland. p -'
For additional information, contact the soils specialists with the Natural Resources
I ~ Conservation Service, USDA, Raleigh, NC at (919)' 873-21.4.1.
~ ..
,.
Ce: ~ .Mike. Summers, NCDOT _ . .
~~ .
2.62g Mail Sez-srice Center, Raley, North Carol~E.rts 27G99~-161g
13hone: 919 -733-23p2 \ Fg~g: 9Z9 -- i"'ZS.-~'355g
Zaterziet: ~izsr.ezzr.atecta.z~c.v..c/L~'NR/z]S~C/
A1~T Fe~-Vt T . O eT~'I?OR'P"C.T~'ZT'Y \ AF'F'=RM.di.TZ'Y'E ACTICS]nT ]EM2?LOYER ~ .
~O°6 R,ECYCL7ED / 10°.6 ROST CONSLTh2ER pAp~R

W A r~ Michael F, Easley, Govauo
`O~~ 9pG William G. Ross Jr., Secretar
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resource
,; .
~ r , Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Directe
j.r~ -i Division of Water Qualit
p -~ Coleen H. Sullins, Deputy Dircctc
Division of Watcr Qualit
July 10, 2003 '.
MEMORANDUM
T0: Mike Summers, Project Manager
NCDOT. Bridge Maintenance Unit q l
FROM: Cynthia F. Van Der Wiele, NCDOT Coordinator ~iV Cl~/
SUBJECT: Scoping Review of NCDOT's proposed bridge replacement projects: B-3430, B-3431, B-4347,
B-4348, B=4.349, B-4690, B-4691,:and B-4692 in Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania and Haywoe
Counties.
In reply to your correspondence dated May 1, 2003 (received June 19, 2002) in which you requested comments
for the referenced projects, the NC Division of Water Quality has the following comments:
L General Comments ReQardinry Bride Replacement Proiects ~ .
1. If corrugated metal pipe arches; reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are used to replace 1
bridge, then DWQ recommends'the use of Nationwide Permit No. 14 rather than Nationwide Permit 23.
2.: Bridge demolition should be performed using Best Management Practices"developed by NCDOT. .
3. DWQ prefers spanning structures.. Spanning structures usually do not require work~within the stream and d
..not require stream channel realignment. The horizontal. and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows
.... human and wildlife passage beneath the structure, does not block fish passage, and.does not block navigatic
canoeists, and boaters.
4. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream; stormwater shouJ,d be directed across the
bridge and pre-treated through site-appropriate means (grassed swales, pre.-formed. scour holes, vegetated
buffers, etc.) before entering the stream. Please refer to NCDOT Best Management Practices for the .
Protection of Surface Waters.
5.. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream. Concrete is mostly
made up of lime (calcium carbonate) and when in a dry or wet state (not hazdened) calcium carbonate is vE
soluble in .water and has a pH of approximately 12. In an unhardened state concrete or cement will changf
' pH of fresh water to very. basic and will cause, fish and other macroinvertebrate kills. ,
6: If possible; abridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
7.. If temporary access roads or detours aze constructed, they should be removed back to original ground
elevations immediately upon the completion of the project...Disturbed areas should be seeded or mulched
stabilize the soil and native tree species should be planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10' . If
.possible, .when using temporary structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the azea
chain saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat into
. allows the area to re=vegetate naturally and minimizes disturbed soil: ~ ,
8.. A clear bank (rip rap-free) azea of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of the steam underneath the
bridge. ~ ~ . ~ .
N. C. Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1650 Mai] Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (L.ocation)
[phone] (phone), 919-733-6893 (fax), (httQ:l/h2o.etarstate.nc.us/ncwetlands)
f
f

9.' Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect water resources must be implemented prior
to any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be maintained regularly, especially following rainfall
events.
10. Bare soil should be stabilized through vegetation or other means as quickly as feasible to prevent sedimentation
of water resources.
11. A11 work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area. Sandbags, rock berms;
cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where possible to prevent excavation in flowing
water.
12.; Heavy equipmeint should, be operated from the bankrather than in strearri channels in order to muiimize
sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutantsinto streams. This equipment should
: be inspected daily and maintained to prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, .lubricants,
hydraulic fluids; or other toxic materials..
, ..
II. General Comments if Renlacin~ the Brul~e with a Culvert
1...The culvert must be designed to allow for aquatic life and fish passage. Generally;~the culvert or pipe invert
` should be buried at least 1 foot below the natural streambed (measured from. the natural thalweg depth): ~.If
multiple barrels are required; barrels other than the base flow barrel(s) should be placed on or near stre:am~
. bax-kfull or floodplain bench elevation (similar to Lyonsfield design). These should be reconnected to"+~:.
~ ~ . floodplain benches, as appropriate. This may be accomplished by utilizing sills on the upstream end to'Testrict
or. divert flow. to the base flow barrel(s). Silled barrels should be filled with sedimenf so as'not to cause noxious
or mosquito breeding conditions. Sufficient water depth should be provided in the base flow barrel during low
flows to accommodate fish movement. If culverts are longer than 40-501inear feet, alternating or notched
` baffles should be installed in a manner that mimics existing stream pattern. This should enhance aquatic life
~ :. passage: 1) by, depositing sediments in the barrel, 2) by maintaining channel depth and flow regimes, and 3) by
providing resting places for fish and other aquatic organisms. In essence, the base flow barrel(s) should provide
a contim~-:.m of water depth and,channel .width without, substantial modifications of velocity..
r; 4
_~,, ; ;~,:;'Z, : Tf multiple pipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to remain dry during normal
,~
t ~ _ ,:.'..flows to allow for wildlife: passage. `.. ~.
<< _ .,
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated along the existing channel alignment whenever.possible to avoid channel
~ ~ . , t. realignment:. Widening the stream channel must be avoided. Stream channel widening ~t thie inlet or outlet
,end of structures typically de;-:reases water velocity causing sediment deposition that requires increased
~- - maintenance and disrupts aquatic life passage., ~ .
~' j . 4.' Riprap should riot be placed ixi the active thalweg channel or placed in the streambed in a manner that
precludes aquatic life passage. Bioengineering boulders or structures should be professionally designed,
i ~ .sized, and installed... .
~ . ' ~..
In most cases; we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at.the same location with road closure. Tf road
closure is not.feasible; a temporary detour should be designed and located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the
need for clearing and to avoid.destabilizing stream banks. If the structure will. be on a new alignment, the old
M structure should be removed and the approach f lls removed from the 100-year floodplain. Approach fills should
? be removed down to the natural.ground elevati:on:~ The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. Tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas. If the area that is reclaimed was previously
wetlands, NCDOT should restore the area to wetlands. If successful, the site may be used as wetland mitigation
' for the subject project or other projects in the watershed.

III. Project-Specific Comments
B-3430 Bride 43 over Han~in~ Doi Creek; Cherokee Co.'
Although this stream is listed as Class C, there are significant aquatic resources (Federal and State listed species
of concern). DWQ would prefer this bridge to be replaced with a bridge and the use of BMPs (particularly for
sediment and erosion control) to be maximized.
B-3431 Bride No. 45 over Beaver Dam Creek, Cherokee Co.
This stream contains several significant aquatic resources (Federal and State listed species of concem, threatened
and endangered species). DWQ would prefer this bridge to be replaced with a bridge and the use of BMPs
(particularly for sediment and erosion control) to be maximized. .
Bailey Fork Creek is listed as WS-1V. There are 30-foot vegetated buffer requirements in WS waters in addition
- to the requirements to minimize storm water runoff and maximize use.of BMPs. Refer to 15A NCAC 2B
.0216(3)(b)(i)(F) and (G).. ,

8-4347 Bride No. 3 over Norton Mill Creek, aekson Co.
. Norton Mill Creek is classified as C Tr +. The + sign indicates that this drains to Outstanding Resource Waters,
Since ORWs represent the.State's ).ighest water quality classification, DWQ would hope that a spanning. structu
is planned for this crossing. In addition; there are numerous Federal and State listed species in the project
vicinity. Finally, we would stress that NCDOT should use the highest possible BMPs for protecting this resour~
8-4348 Bride No. 156 and B-4349 Bride No. 36 over Dicks Creek ackson Co '•
DWQ is aware that there may be mussel populations on this site as well as Federal and State listed species of
concern. , We recommend, a spanning structure and maximizing the use of BMPs to minimize damage to these
aquatic resources. If NCDOT is replacing these structures with culverts, you should be aware that this involves
two impacts to the same stream-impacts must be added together and mitigation may be required.
B-4690 Bride No. 55 and B-4691 Bride No. 59 over Tucker Creek Translyvania Co
• If NCDOT is replacing these structures with culverts, .you should be aware that this involves two impacts to the
same stream-impacts must be added together, and .mitigation may be required.
B-4692 Bride 283 over Weslevs Creek; Haywood Co.`
DWQ does not have any special concerns: Please refer to general recommendations listed above.
:Thank you £or'requesting our input at this time; The DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires that appropriate measures be instituted to ensure that water quality standards are met anc
`designated uses. are not degraded or lost. Tf you have any questions or require additional information, please
' contact Cynthia Van Der Wiele at (919), 733.5715.
pc: John Hendrix, USACE Asheville Field Office
.'Chris Militscher, USEPA
Marla Chambers, NCWRC
File Copy

®North Carolina~ildlife Resources Commission
Charles R Fullwood, Executive Director
TO: Mike Summers; Project Manager
.Bridge Maintenance. Unit, NCDOT .
o FROM: Marla Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator .7~ ~~~~
Habitat Conservation Program, NCWRC
i
- DATE: June 26, 2003
SUBJECT: Scoping review of NCDOT's proposed bridge replacement projects B-3430, B-
i 3431; B-4347, B-4348; B=43:49, B-4690, B-4691, B-4692 in Cherokee, Jackson,
~i;
'Transylvania and Haywood Counties.
~,
~ ' North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has requested comments from
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission,(NCWRC) regarding impacts to fish and
i E wildlife resources resulting from the subject project.' Staff biologists have reviewed the
information provided and have the following preliminary comments. These comments are
~ provided in accordance with the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C.
4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended;.16 U.S.C.
~ 661-66'7d).
~t .
Our standard recommendations for. bridge replacement projects of this scope are, as
~ follows:
1: We generally,prefer.spanning structures., Spanning structures usually do not require work
~ within-the. stream and do not require stream channel realignment.. The horizontal and
vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human and wildlife`passageheneath
the structure,'does not block fish passage, and does not block navigation by canoeists and
~ ~ boaters.:
i
2. Bridge, deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream.
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream.
i
4. if possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.

Bridge Scopings . 2
Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania; Haywood.Co.'s . June 26, 2003
5. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they, should be removed back to
original ground elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed
areas. should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and native tree species should be
planted with.a spacing of not more than 10'x10'. If possible, when using temporary
structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed: Clearing the area with chain saws,
mowers,. bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat
~ intact; allows the area to revegetate naturally and rninimi~es disturbed soil.
~. .:.
6. A clear bank (riprap free) axea of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of the steam
underneath the bridge..
k 7. - In trout waters, the N.C: Wildlife Resources Commission reviews all U.S: Army. Corps of
~ Engineers nationwide and general `404' permits. We have the option of requesting
,.
~ additional measures to protect trout and trout habitat and we can recommend that the
project require an individual `404' permit..
M ..
8. In streams that contaux threatened or endangered, species; Mr. Hai.Bain with the NCDOT
-ONE should be notified. Special measures to protect these sensitive species may be
' required. NCDOT should also contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for information
on requirements of the Endangered Species, Act as it relates to the project:
9. In streams that are used by anadromous fish, the NCDOT official policy entitled."Stream
. Crossyng Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage (May 12, 1997) should be followed.
.. ~ ,
10:. ; ~ In areas with significant fisheries for sunfish, seasonal exclusions may also be
.
1. ,
.recommended:.. - .. ~ .. . , .
i 1 1. ~. .. Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect aquatic resources must
be implementedpriorto any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be;
i maintained regularly, especially following rainfall events.
12. Temporary: or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil within,

j ~ ; ~' ~.ys of ~ c~~n~l ~?~sh~r'oi~lg activit.~s to p{ovide long-*erm. erosion control.
~ 13 All work iri or adjacefit to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area.
~ ~~Sandbags, rock berms, cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where

~
~ ,.
"possible fo prevent excavation in flowing water.:
.
14.: ~ Heavy equipment should be operated from. the bank rather than in stream channels in
' order to minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants
`,
. .. into streams:: - , .
~
15.' - ..
'. Only clean; sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways); and should
be zemoved without excessive disturbance of the natural stream bottom when

i
1 construction is completed.

. ~. Bridge Scopings 3
Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, Haywood Co.'s , : June 26, 2003
16. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and maintained to
. prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids,
or other toxic materials...
If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for aquatic life and fish passage. Generally,, the
culvert or pipe invert should be buried at least 1 foot below the natural streambed
' (measured, from the natural thalweg depth). If multiple barrels are required, barrels other
~ _ than the base flow barrel(s) should be placed on or near stream bankfull or floodplain
1 bench elevation (similar. to Lyonsfield design): These should be reconnected to,
floodplain benches as appropriate. This may be accomplished by utilizing sills on the
upstream end to restrict or divert flow to the base flow barrel(s). Silled barrels should be
~ filled with sediment so as not to cause noxiousor mosquito breeding conditions:
Sufficient water depth should be provided in the base flow barrel during law flows to
accommodate fish movement. If culverts are longer than 40-50 linear feet, alternating or
', notched.baLfles should be installed in a manner that mimics existing stream pattern. This
should enhance aquatic life passage: 1} by depositing sediments in the barrel; 2) by
maintaining channel depth and flow regimes, and 3) by providing resting places for fish
and other aquatic organisms,. In essence, the base flow barrel(s) should provide a
continuum of water depth and. channel width without substantial modifications of
velocity.
2. ° If multiplepipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to remain
'dry during normal flows to allow for wildlife passage:
i
i~
I!
j
~ t
._
i '
3. ~ Culverts or pipes. should be situated along the existing ,channel alignment whenever
possible to avoid channel realignment: Widening the stream channel must be avoided.:
> Stream channel widening at the inleti or outlet end of structures typically decreases water.
:. velocity causing sediment deposition that requires increased maintenance and disrupts
;. ~ aquatic life passage.
4.. . ~ Riprap should not be placed in the actiYe;. thalweg channel or placed in the .streambed in a
:. 'manner that precludes aquatic life passage. ~ Bioengineering boulders or structures should
be professionally designed,sized; and installed
:Inmost cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location
with road closure. Yf road closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and
located to avoid wetland impacts, minimise the need for clearing and to avoid destabilizing
stream banks: if the. structure will be on a new alignment, the, old structure should be removed
and the approach fills removed from the ,100-year floodplain. Approach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation: The :area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. Tall-fescue should not be used in riparian areas. If the area that is reclaimed
was previously wetlands, NCDOT should restore the area to wetlands. If successful, the site may
be used as wetland mitigation for the subject project or other projects in the watershed.

Bridge Scopings . 4 -
Cherokee; Jackson, Transylvania, Haywood Co.'s June 26, 2003
Project specific comments: -
1. B-3430, Cherokee Co., Bridge No. 43 over Hanging Dog Creek on SR 1331 (Beaver Dam
Road). Hanging Dog Creek is classified as C.and is listed as significant aquatic habitat.. The
hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), federal species of concern and state special
concern, has been observed downstream of the project area. A moratorium prohibiting in-
stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is recommended from
January 1 to Apri115 to protect the egg' and fiy stages of rainbow trout. Sediment and
erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards for sensitive watersheds.
2: B-3431, Cherokee Co.; Bridge No. 45 over Beaver'Dam Creek on SR' 1331 (Beaver Dam
Road). Beaver Dam Creek is classified as C-Tr. The Hiwassee headwaters crayfish .
(Cambarus parrishi), federal species of concern, is potentially present in the project area.
j . .The knotty elimia (Elimia interrupta); .state endangered, is potentially present downstream.
A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot trout
E buffer is recommended from January~l to April 1S to protect the egg and fiy stages of
i ; rainbow trout. Sedimenf and erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards
for sensitive watersheds.
.. ,:
~ ~ 3. B-4347, Jackson Co., Bridge No. 3 over Norton Mill Creek on SR 1107 (VJbiteside Cove ,
Road).. Norton Mill Creek is classified as C-Tr +, Numerous federal and state listed plant .
and animal species have been found in the vicinity of the project. Coordination with the
~ ~ resource agencies is expected. A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land
i 'disturbance within the 25-fdot trout buffer is recommended from'January 1 to April 15 to , .
protect the eg; and fiy stages of rainbow trout: Sediment and erosion control measures
should ac; sere 'to the design standards for sensitive watersheds.
.: ~ ~. .
4.. B-4.348; Jackson Co., Bridge No. 156 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road).
j Dicks Creek, classified as C-:Tr, flows to. the Tuckasegee River: Potentially present in the
'' ~ ro ect area are the smo dace ClinQStomus unduloides ,states ecial concer and the
p j k3' ( .f ) P
Little Tennessee River crayfish'(Cambarus georgi¢e); state significantly rare:; The olive
:darter (1'ercina squatnata), federal species of concern and state special concern, has been
~ I - . observed near the mouth of picks. Creek:.Present in the Tucke~egee River. are~the ... .
.~ ~ Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta~ravenel iana), federal and state endangered; wavy-rayed
lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola), state special concern;. and wounded darter (Etheostoma : .
i
vulneratum), state special concern.. A moratorium prohibiting in=stream work and land
- disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is recommended from January 1 to .Apri1.15 to
~ ~ protect`the egg ~.nd .fiy~ stages of rainbow trotit: Sedirrierit and erosion control rrieasures
' should adhere to the design standards. for sensitive watersheds:
5. B-4349, Jackson Co., Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creekon SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road):
Same as B-4348 above.
i
b. .B-4690, Transylvania Co., Bridge No: 55 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324 (Tanasee Gap
Road). A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land .disturbance within the 25-foot

' Bridge Scopirigs 5, _
. Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania; Haywood Co:'s ~ ~ June 26, 2003
trout buffer is recommended from October 15 to April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages of
rainbow and brown trout. Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to the
design standards for sensitive watersheds.
7. B-469.1, Transylvania Co., Bridge No. 59 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324,(Tanasee Gap
Road). Same, as B-4690.above.
8. B-4692; Haywood Co., Bridge No: 283 over Wesleys Creek on SR 1334. No special
concerns indicated. Standard requirements should apply.
' We request that. NCDOT routinely minimize adveise impacts to fish and wildlife .
' `resources in the viciiuty of bridge replacements.. The NCDOT should install and maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the life of the project. and prevent wet concrete from
' contacting water in or entering into these streams. Replacement of bridges with spanning .
structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box culverts, is recommended in most cases.
Spanning structures allow wildlife passage along streambanks, :educing habitat.fragmentation
I and vehicle related mortality at highway crossings.
If you need further assistance or information on NCWRC concerns regarding bridge
.replacements, please; contact me at (704).485-2384. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects:
cc:.. Cynthia Van Der Wiele, DWQ
Marella Buncick, USFWS
~ Sarah Kopp]in;.NHP

REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF;
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
. 151 PATTON AVENUE
ROOM 208
ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROL]NA 28801-5006
Regulatory Division' June 10, 2003
Asheville Regulatory Field Office

Mr: Mike Summers, Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation .
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh; N.C. 27699-1565
Subject: ; Scoping comments for proposed Division 14 bridge replacement projects
,~ •DearMr: Summers;
Reference your letter of May 1, 2003 regarding our scoping review and comments
on the following proposed bridge replacement projects:
1. ~ .TIP Project No.'B-3430, Bridge No. 43 on SR 1.331. over Hanging Dog Creek,
Cherokee County. ~ `
''...TIP ProjectNo. B-3431, Bridge Na. 45 on SR 1331 over Beaver Dam Creek,
~;herokee County.
3. '.TIP Project No: B-4347, Bridge No. 3, on SR 1107 over Norton Mill Road,
.., Jackson Coun
~'•_ . ,
4: TIP Project No. B=4348, Bridge No. 156 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek, Jackson
County...
5. TIP Project No. B-4:549, Fsriuge No: 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek, Jackson
. .
... .,._
County. ~ ~ . - ~ .
6. TIP Project No: B-4690, Bridge No. 55 on SR 1324 over Tucker Creek, .
Transylvania County.
7. .TII'.Project No. B-4691, Bridge No: 59.ori SR 1324 over Tucker Creek,
. ~: Transylvania County.: ... .
8: ~ TIP Project No. B-4692; Bridge No. 283 on SR 1334 over Wesleys Creek,
:Haywood County.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended, Department
of the Army (DA) permit authorization will be required for the discharge of excavated or
fill material in waters (and wetlands, if applicable) of the United States, including disposal
of construction debris. Specific permit requirements will depend on design of the projects,

-2-
extent of fill work within the waters of the United States, construction methods; and other
factors.
Although these projects may qualify as a Categorical Exclusion, to qualify for
nationwide permit authorization under Nationwide Permit #23, the project planning report
should contain sufficient information to document that the proposed activity does not have
more than a minimal individual.or cumulative impact on the aquatic environment. All
activities, including temporary construction, access, and' dewatering activities, .should be
included in the project planning report. Our experience has shown that replacing bridges
with culverts often results'in sufficient adverse impacts to consider the work as having
more .than minimal impacts on the aquatic. environment..Accordirigly, the following items
. need to be considered and addressed iri the planning and environmental studies for the
subject. projects:
a.. The studies/report should contain the amount of permanent and temporary
impacts to waters.and wetlands as well as a description of the type of habitat that
will be affected by the proposed .project. .
b. Off-site detours are generally preferable to on=site (temporary) detours which
impact waters or wetlands: If an on-site detour is.the recommended action,.
justification, should be provided that demonstrates that alternatives with lesser .
impacts are not practicable., .Please note that an onsite detour constructed on a
spanning structure can potentially avoid permanent impacts to waters or.
i wetlands and should be considered whenever anon-site detour is the.
reconimended;action.. For projects where a spanning structure is not feasible;
t ~ the NCDOT should investigate the existence of previous onsite detours at the
site that were used in previous construction activities. These areas should be
utilized for onsite detours whenever..possible to.muumize impacts.. For .proposed
4 projects and .assaciated onsite detours that cause minimal losses. of waters or . .
wetlands, ari ~approved.restoration and monitoring plan will be required prior to''
issuance of a DA nationwide. or Regional 'general:permit.. For proposed projects .
and assaciated on-site detours that cause more than minimal lasses of waters or
wetlands, an individual DA pemait and a compensatory. mitigation proposal. for
the unavoidable impacts may berequired. ~ : ~ ~ -
c. Protect commitments should.include the removal of all temporary fills from-
waters and wetlands and "time-of-year" restrictions on in-stream work if
' recommended by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission.,
~.
d. All restored areas should be planted with endemic vegetation including trees, if

-3-
appropriate. For projects proposing a temporary onsite detour, the entire detour
area, including any previous detour from past construction, should be removed
in its entirety.
r
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e
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e. The report should, provide an estimate of the linear feet o£ new impacts to
streams and. wetlands, or other waters resulting from construction of the project.
f. If a bridge is proposed to be replaced with a culvert, NCDOT must demonstrate
;.that the.work will not result in more than minimal impacts to the aquatic
.environment, specifically addressing the passage of aquatic life including ;
fish. The work must also not alter the stream hydraulics and create....
:, flooding of adjacent properties or result in unstable stream banks:
g. The report should discuss and recommend bridge demolition methods and shall
include the impacts of bridge demolition and debris removal in addition to the
impacts of constructuxg the bridge; The report should also incorporate the
:.bridge demolition policy recornzriendations pursuant to the NCDOT policy
entitled "Bridge Demolition and Removal in Waters of the United States" .dated
September 20, 1999, .
h. Lengthening existing bridges can often benefit the ecological and .hydrological
fixnctions of the associated wetlands and streams. In some cases bridge
,~;f17r..u~i;+s :;xti co±~~a.e:~twM'. to Fay°then.causeways that ware built over wetlands
and streams. ,Replacing these causeways with longer bridges would, allow .
previously impacted waters, wetlands and floodplains to be restoredr In.an effort
to encourage this type of work, mitigation credit for wetland restoration ` .
activities can be provided to offset the added costs of lengthening ari existing
L•`R~r-a
V ..
i..:; Projects should 6e"screened to determine possible effects on federally protected
species, .or cultural and historic resources known to .occur in proximity to or
within counties of the. project areas, and appropriate consultation/coordination
,initiated .with the U. S. Fish and. Wildlife Service (Endangered Species Act) or
. the. State Historic Preservation Officer (Historic Preservation .Act) o comply
with the provisions of those regulations.

i ,
i ~

U.S. Department of Gommander.
Homeland Security ' ~' United States Coast Guard
Fifth Coast Guard District
M ~.. E
United States
Coast Guard _
431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, Va. 23704-5004
Staff Symbol: Oan-b
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
16591.
29 May 03
Mr. Mike Summers
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation _~_
1565' Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
..Dear Mr. Summers:
This is in response to your letter,dated May 6, 2003, regarding eight bridge replacenctent projects
in North Carolina:. ~ .
The Coast Guard's main concern with proposed bridge projects is the impact they may have on
navigation and whether the projects will require a bridge permit. In order for us to determine if a
. bridge permit is required for each proposed bridge replacement, please provide the following
information: .
a. .Tidal influence of each waterway.
I; b. Navigational use of each waterway.
. .. .
~.
c: The' depth of water and width of each waterway.
~. r1 list of adjacent property owners at each waterway. .
Upon receipt of this information; w,e will inform you on the status of each bridge project: If you
` , contact Mrs. Linda Bonenber er, Bridge
should have any questions regarding this matter, please g
e Management Specialist, at (7.57) 398-6227. .
SircPrel}', .
.. I ~ '
i
WAVERLY W. ,GORY; JR.
'Y! Chief, Bridge Administration Section
J
By direction of the Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District
s
p14
1

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
ivlichael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
Division of Historical Resource;
David J. Olson, Director
August 6, 2003
MEMORANDUM
' TO:. Mike Summers, Project Manager .
~ Bridge Maintenance Unit
N.C. Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook ~ ~ ~~(~~-
SUBJECT: Replace Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road),
neat Dillsboro 8-4349, Jackson County, ER03-1338
Thank you for your letter of May 1, 2003, concerning the above project.
There are no recorded archaeological sites within the proposed project area. If the
replacement is to be located along the existing alignment and there is no on-site detour, it is
unlikely that significant archaeological resources will be affected and no investigation is
recommended. If, however, the replacement is to be in a new location, or an on-site detour
is proposed, an archaeological survey is recommended.
~.
j We recommend that a Department of Transportation architectural historian identify and
evaluate. any structures over fifty years of age within the project area, and report the findings
to us.
The above comments are made pursuant to. Section 106 of the National Historic,
~ Preservation Act and the Advisory. Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for
Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you fox your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the
above comment; contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at
:..919/733-4763. In all future communication concerning this project, please cite the above: .
referenced tracking number.
F ~ -
DB:bj s
~~
'_
! www.hpo.dcrstate.nc.us
'~ Location. Mailing Address Telephone/Fnz
. ADhiiNISTRATION 507 N. [ilount St, Raleigh NC. 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 (9l9) 733-4763 •7
RESTORATION 5 15 N. [3lount St., Raleigh NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4613. [phone] •7

,~ac~so~. ~o»nt~ ~>~x'bXic ~c~oo~s
398 Hospital Road ~sp° co,,
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Sylva, NC 28779 `~
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C.E. McCary III, Ed.D. ~'~..-~:»'`o
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Superintendent ~c 5~~
May 23, 2003
Mike Summers
NC Departiilent cf Transportaticn
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Summers:
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Cell Phone [phone]
Winston C. Reed
Transportation Director
Drtver's Ed. Instructor
Bus Transportation will not be affected by Bridge # 3 on SR 1007; however,
Bridge # 156 and # 36 would affect two school bus routes by cutting them short and leave
us without access to the community.
We understand and appreciate the work toward improving our bridges and roads
and will work with you any way we can to accomplish these projects.
Sincerely,
Winston Reed
Transportation I~isector
?~~.~ son County Schools
Education is a Commitment: each child, each day, some way.

APPENDIh B

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ADDENDUM
Historic Architectural Resources Survey Report
Replacement of Bridge #36 on SR 1388 (Dic>~'s Creek Road)
Over Dick's Creek
Jackson County
TIP NO. B-4349
Evaluation of National Register Eligibility
Following review of the I~istoric Architectural Resources Survey Report for B-4349, the
HPO determined that Dick's Creek Baptist Church appears eligible for the National
Register under Criteria Consideration A: Religious properties and Criterion A for its
historical importance as the Dick's Creek community center, school, and church. for over
one hundred years, and that it is significant for its association with the development of a
small rural community in Jackson County. The HPO found that most. of the alterations to
the building are evidence of its community functions, and that it conveys integrity of
design, setting, workmanship, feeling, and association. In a memorandum to NCDOT
dated May 3, 2005, the HPO requested a National Register boundary description,
justification and map for Dick's Creek Baptist Church (Appendix B).
Boundary Description aad Justification
The National Register-eligible boundary for Dick's Creek Baptist Church coincides with
the property lines of the one-acre parcel on which the church sits. This boundary
provides. an appropriate setting for the church.. The church faces northwest and sits
approximately twenty feet from Dick's Creek Road (SR 1388), which constitutes the
northwest boundary of the property. The land slopes steeply upward immediately behind
the building. Most of the parcel is paved .for parking. The parcel lacks significant
landscaping such as decorative trees and shrubs,.wallsr or paths. An open metal picnic
shelter is located adjacent to the parking lot on the northeast side of the building. No
outbuildings are present on the site. No grave markers~or burial sites were noted at the.
site.
Boundary Map
The boundaries are shown on the attached map.
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NATIONAL REGISTER BOUNDARY
• ,; ~ ~ B-4349 i=ic~urs Nc
_ _ Bridge No. 36 over Dick's Creek on SR 1388
' ' - ' ~ - - '~ ` ' ' - ~ - ~_Jackson Courity, North Carolina
Prepared For:
4•y
}'`o,.> II ~ ~ 0 75 150 300, 450 600eet

Natural Resources
Technical Report
T.i.P. B-4349
Replace Bridge No. 36
on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek
Jackson County, North Carolina
State Project No. 8.2961501
(WBS PE No. 33679.1.1)
. Federal-aid Project No. PHF-1388(2)
Prepared For:
North Carolina
Department o£ Transportation
o~'
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~rFMTOf ~AN~Qo
September 2003
Project No. 2002290.01

~J~ahle o£ Contents
1. Xntroduction ............................................................................................1
1.1 Project Description.............. 1
....................................................................................... 2
1.2 Purpose .............................
........................................................................................................
1.3 Methodology ......................
1.4 Qualifications of Principal Investigators ............................................................................. 4
2. Physical Resources ..............................................................
................... 5
2.1 Soils ..................................... .........6
. .......................................................................................
2.2 Water Resources .................................... ................................ 9
.................................................
2.3 Physical Resource Impacts .......................... ~ .......12
.................................................................
2.4 Aesthetic Values ............................................ ........13
3. Biotic Resources .......................... .......14
3.1 Vegetation and Plant Communities. ...................................... ~ ............. 14
.. ...........:.............................16
3.2. Terrestrial Wildlife .....................:.
.........................................................................................
3.3 Aquatic Habitats and Wildlife ....................:. ,,,,....,,._.,,...._,.. 17
3.4 Biotic Resource Impacts ...................:................................................................. .
................18
4. Waters o£ the United States ................................
..........................:...... 20
.1 Surface Waters ............................... ., 20
4.2 Jurisdictional Wetlands ........................ .......................... 20
......................................................
4.3 Impacts to Waters .......................... ............................. 21
4.4 Permit Requirements ..................... ...... 21
...................................:..............................................
4.5 Mitigation ............................... ................................. 22
...............................................................
5. Rare and Protected Species .............:....................:........................,......24
5.1 Federally Protected Species .................... .................. 24
. ...........................................................
5.1.1 Appalachian elktoe (Alaamidonta raveneliana) ............. ......................... 24
5.1.2 Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomy.r sabrinur coloratu.r) ............................. 25
5.1.3 Indiana bat (Myotirsodalis) .:..:...:.................:... ......26
.....................................................
`x.1.4 Rock gnome lichen (Gymnodernza lineage)..........:.
5.1.5 Swamp pink. (Heloniar bullata) ...:..................:...... ........:..................... ................. 27
... ............................:....... 28
5.1.6 Small-whorled pogonia (lrotria medeoloide.r) .........:.............:... .,.,,,,;,,,,,,,,,, 29
6. Conclusions .............:................................
............................................ 31
7. References .............................................................................................32

Figures
1. Project Vicinity Map
2a. Bridge.Construction Plan
2b. Terrestrial Communities
3. Soil Units
4. Area o£ Impacts
Tables
1. Existing Soils
2. .Protected Species Listed £or Jackson County
Photographs

1, ;[~troduct:iota
Mulkey Engineers & Consultants, Inc. (MULKEY) has been retained by the North Carolina
Division of Txansportation (NCDOT) to prepaxe a Natural Resources Technical Report for
the. proposed replacement of Bridge No. 36 on Dicks Creek Road (SR 1388) over Dicks
Creek in Jackson County, North Carolina: The following report is submitted to assist in the
consideration of alternative designs for the proposed project.
1.1 Project Description
The proposed- project, identified as TIP No. B-4349, will replace Bridge No. 36 over Dicks
Creek at its existing location on existing grade in Jackson County, North Carolina (Figure 1).
The existing bridge has a timber floor on steel I-beams with concrete abutments and has one
span for a total length of 25.6 £eet (7.8 meters). The clear roadway approach is
approximately 20 feet (6.1 meters) while the section of road over the bridge is 19.2 feet
(5.9 meters) wide. The bridge, built in 1974, is currently in poor condition and is classified as
functionally obsolete. The existing road right-of--way is assumed to be 30 feet (9.1 meters)
on the centerline. Rehabilitation of the existing structure is not a feasible option due to its
age and deteriorating condition.
The new bridge will be approximately 50 feet (15.2 meters) in length, and 30 feet
(9.1 meters) wide and consist of concrete on concrete superstructure with vertical
abutments. The existing centerline will be shifted 6 feet (1.8 meters) upstream. The
^.pr.•':~:.f:':~ ~o~~lway is appro::_i.-r~,.<*~'~,. '.`~ fee!- (10 m.erers), This rPplacernectr_ will reslalt: in. ~.
safer structure, consistent with federal and state bridge design standards. A "No Build"
alternative is not feasible given the poor condition of the bridge. The only design alternative
is to replace the bridge on existing location and have one lane open at all times for traffic
flow. Discussions o£ the "No Build" altemative are not included in this report since there
are no impacts to natural resources from its implementation.
This report describes the natural systems associated with the project's study area as defined
below. Natural resource investigations were completed using a study corridor approximately
Page 1 of 35

250 feet (76.2 meters) long, as measured from each end of the bridge, and 50 feet
(15.2 meters) wide, as measured from the centerline of the roadway (Figure 2).
The project study area denotes the area bounded by the proposed construction limits. The
project vicinity describes a larger area that extends approximately 0.5 miles (0.2 kilometers) on
all sides of the study area. The project region is the area represented on a standard 7.5-minute
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle map.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this technical report is to inventory, catalog, and describe the natural systems
within the study area. Impacts resultvng from the proposed action are identified and
estimated based a conceptual design and construction occurring within the stady corridor as
described above. Actual impacts may be less depending on final design requirerrxents for cut
and fill slopes and roadway approaches to the bridge. The NCDOT currently owns existing
right-o£-way along this road. Recommendations are included in this report for measures
which will m;n;m;7e resource impacts. These descriptions and estimates are relevant only in
the context of existing preliminary design concepts. If parameters and criteria change,
additional field investigations will be conducted.
1.3 Methodology
Field investigations along the project area were conducted by qualified biologists from
MULKEY between April and July 2003. Field surveys were undertaken to detel7ntne natural
resource conditions and to document natural communities, wildlife, and the presence of
protected species or their habitats.
Published information regarding the project area and region was derived from a number of
resources including: USGS 7.5-minute topographical quadrangle maps (DUhittier and
Sylva North, North Carolina), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI) maps, USGS aerial photomosaics of the project area (1"=100, and
Natural Resources Conservation Service (MRCS) soil survey maps of Jackson County.
Water resources information was obtained from publications of the North Carolina Division
D....~. 7 ..F '2 K

of. Water Quality (NCDWQ), Infoi-~~xation conceraiclg the occurrence of f'edexal and state
protected species within the project area and vicinity was gathered from the USFWS list o£
protected species and the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database of
rare species and unique habitats.
Dominant plant species were identified throughout each strata for all natural communities
encountered. Plant community descriptions are based on those classified in Schafale and
Weakley (1990), where applicable. Names and descriptions of plant species generally follow
Radford et al. (1968), unless more current information is available. Animal names and
descriptions follow North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission (NCWRC, 2003), Conant
and Collins (1998), Lee et al. (1980 et seq.), Rohde (1994), Stokes (1996), and Webster et al.
(1985). Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are provided for each
plant and animal species listed. Subsequent references to the same organism include the
common name only.
During field surveys, wildlife identification involved a variety of observation techniques,
which have included active searching and capture, visual observations (both with and
without the use of binoculars), and observing tkie characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds,
scats, tracks, and burrows), Any organisms that may have been captured during these
searches were identified and released without injury. Quantitative water sampling was not
undertaken to support existing data.
T;~yg~?.'.Ct',c~~?•,;1 w't'=.; :x ~l"tertPal21?,t'<•~:.~., ,.(':~., ~ ~ ..~' ~ 1 ~ .
.e,_ o -m.ed u.sirg tie three-p~,.r>m.:-.~.~~: approacl-. --.s
prescribed in the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Marra~al (Environmental Laboratory
1987). Supplementary technical literature describing the parameters of hydrophytic
vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrological indicators were also utilized. Wetland functions
were evaluated according to the NCDWQ's rating system; 4`E` version (1995). Surface waters
in the project area were evaluated and classified based on a preponderance of.perennial
stream characteristics as defined in NCDWQ's Strum Cla.rr~cation Method, 2°d version (1999).
Page 3 of 35

1.4 Qualifications of Principal Investigators
Investigator: Julie R. Gibson, Scientist
Education: BS Earth and Environmental Science, Lehigh University
.MNR (Natural Resources -Restoration Ecology), North Carolina State
University
Experience: Mulkey Engineers & Consultants, June 2003 to present
Naturalist, Moms County Park Commission, January 2000 to August 2001
Expertise: NEPA investigations, Section 7 field investigations, wetland determinations,
and habitat assessments
Investigator: Cindy S. Carr, Scientist
Education: BS Natural Resources (Ecosystem Assessment Concentration),
North Carolina State University
ASBA Business Administration, Calhoun State College
Experience: Mulkey Engineers & Consultants, November 2002 to present
Biologist, ARCADIS, May 2000 to Novembex 2002
Sample Manager, CH2M HLLL, October 1989 to June 1996
Certifications: Wetland Professional-In-Training, Society of Wetland Scientists
Stream ID and Buffer Rule Applications Program, NCDWQ
Benthic Collection Protocols for Stream Restoration, NCDWQ
Expertise: NEPA investigations, Section 7,field investigations, wetland determination
and delineation, stream determination and delineation, stream and wetland
restoration, habitat assessments, Rosgen stream assessment acid classification,
and HAZWOPER.

2. l'~z~yszcal Resources
The .project site encompasses an area in Jackson County about 3.5 miles (5.6 kilometers)
north of Dillsboro and about 4 miles (6.4 kilometers) northwest of Sylva. Jackson County is
situated in the southwestern part of the state and shares a border with Swain, Macon,
Haywood, and Transylvania Counties and with South Carolina. The site is located in the
Blue Ridge physiographic province. The geography of Jackson County ranges from
relatively Ilat basins and narrow valleys to rolling hills and very steep mountains (She~ill,
1997). The majority of the county area is located in the Tuckasegee River watershed, which
drains toward the nortlx. Small portions of the county in the southeast and southwest
comers are drained by the Whitewater River and Chattooga River, respectively.
Elevations in the project,axea range from approximately 2,000 feet (610 meters) above Mean
Sea Level (msl) near Dillsboro to approximately 3,960 feet (1,207 meters) in the Nantahala
National Forest gamelands, northwest of the project site. The geology underlying the
project area is part of the Alligator Back Formation in the Blue Ridge Belt. As part of the
Coweeta Group, it consists of intexlayered enigmatic rock that is gradational with biotite-
garnetgneiss and amphibolite. Quartz and alumino silicates. are locally abundant (NCDLR
1985). The project area is a part of the low and intermediate mountain systems,. where
foienation of soil syster`-~s is affected more by parent r~~aterial trick, aspect, and landscape
position than by elevation (NCSU, 1999).
"I'he project site is located widen multiple flood hazard zones as defined by the National
Flood Insurance Program (FIRM) o£ the Federal Emergency lYlanagement Agency.. The
narrow valley sui~ounding Dicks Creek, including the project site, is located within Zone A.
The majority of the surrounding area is located within Zone X. The zone designations
within the project area axe shown on FIRM panel 370282 0050C fox Uzuncorpoxated
Jackson County, effective May 17, 1989.
Zone A is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to t}-~e 100-year floodplains that are
determined ire the Flood Insurance Shady by approximate methods. No Base Flood
Page 5 of 35

Elevations (BFE) or depths are shown within this zone because detailed hydraulic analyses
are not performed for such areas. Mandatory purchase of flood insurance requirements
apply to this flood zone. Zone Y is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to areas
outside the 100-year floodplains, to areas of 100-year sheet flow flooding where average
depths are less than 1 foot, to areas of 100-year stream flooding where the contributing
.drainage area is less than 1 square mile, or to areas protected from the 100-year flood by
levees. No BFEs or depths are shown within this zone (FEMA, 1989).
2.1 Soils
The process of soil development depends on both biotic and abiotic influences. These
influences include past geologic activities, nature of parent materials, environmental and
human influences, plant and animal activity, time, climate, and topographical position. Soil
associations axe defined as landscapes that exhibit distinctive proportional patterns of soils
consisting of one or more major soils and at least one minor soil. The soils within an
association generally vary in slope, depth, stoniness, drainage, and other characteristics
(Sherrill, 1997).
The Soco-Stecoah-Cheoah association occurs in the project area. The Soco-Stecoah-Cheoah
association map unit makes up about four percent o£ Jackson County. It is found on rugged,
dissected mountains that have long side slopes and very narrow, winding ridgetops and
drainageways. Slopes range from 15 to 95 percent. Drainageways join and become creeks,
which join the rivers. Approximately 32 percent of this association is made up of Soco soils,
25 percent of Stecoah soils, 22 percent of soils, and 21 of other minor soil'units. These
minor soil units include Spivey and Santeetlah soils in coves and along toe slopes, and
Cullowhee, Nikwasi, and Reddies on narrow floodplams. Small areas of rock outcrop are
also included in this map unit.. Soils mapped in the project area are the Cheoah unit and the
Junaluska-Tsali and Spivey-Santeetlah complexes, as described below (Sherrill, 1997). These
soil units are summarized in Table 1 and shown in Figure 3.
Hydric soils are defined as soils that are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during
the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration

or riydroihytic vegetation (Cowardin et al., 197~J. A growing season is the portion of a year
when the soil temperature measured 20 inches below the soil surface is above 41 °F
(Environmental Laboratory, 1987). Based oz~ data available from the NRCS National
Weather and Climate Center station located at Cullowee, I`TC, the growing season for the
area of Jackson County that includes the project site generally occurs between late March
and late.October (NRCS, 2002). Soils referred to as "hydric A" are completely hydric
throughout the mapped soil uxut. "Hydric B" soils are non-hydric soils that contain
inclusions of hydric soils, usually in depxessional areas or along the bolder with other soil
units. Based on the Jackson County soil survey, no hydric soils occur in the project area
(Sherrill, 1997):
Cheoah (ChF) soils are very steep, well drained soils that develop on north to east facing or
shaded side slopes o£ intermediate mountains. Permeability is moderately rapid and depth to
bedrock is more than 5 feet (1.5 meters). Surface runoff is slow in undisturbed areas but
rapid in disturbed areas or where forest leaf litter has been removed. The soil may be frozen
for long periods during the winter and may take longer than other soils to warm up in the
spring. Underlying bedrock maybe susceptible to landslides, especially during periods of
intensive rainfall and heavy traffic. Rock seams bearing large quantities of sulfur may be
exposed during construction. If this sulfur is washed into nearby streams i.t can harm or kill
aquatic life by increasing the acidity of the water (Shexrt11,1997).
Junaluska-Tsali complex QtF) is composed of moderately deep, well drained Junaluska soil
-. ... -.. .. ,_!. '~. _3;°tl, SC',. F( LCD Cti"iJ,,~..<.ci i'.
side slopes irz the low mountains. Individual areas are irregular in shape. Junaluska soils
foamed in saprolite weathered from metasedimentary socks; such as phyllite or
metasandstone, and make up 60 to 70 percent o£ the complex. Tsali soils formed in
saprolite weathered from metasedimentary rocks, especially phyllite, and make up 20 to 30
percent. Junaluska soil surface layer is typically dark brawn channery fine sandy loam, and
subsoil is strong brown channery oam and yellowish red channery clay loam. Tsali soil
surface layer is dark brown channery fine sandy loam, and subsoil is brown and yellowish red.
channery fine sandy loam. This soil complex has a moderate permeability and slow surface
runoff rate in undisturbed areas. However, disturbed areas have a rapid runoff rate. Depth
Pale 7 of 35

to high water table is greater than 6 feet (1.8 meters) from the surface for the entire complex.
Depth to bedrock is roughly 20 to 40 inches (51 to 101 centimeters) in the Junaluska soil and
10 to 20 inches (25 to 51 centimeters) in the Tsali soil (Sherrill, 199.
The Spivey-Santeetlah complex (SrD) and (SrE) is composed of moderately steep, very deep,
well drained Spivey and Santeetlah soils. This unit is Found on benches, toe slopes, and
along drainageways in intermediate mountain coves. Spivey soils are formed in colluvium
and local alluvium from soils underlain by metamorphosed sedimentary rocks that~have
moved downslope. They make up 45 to 55 percent of the complex. Santeetlah soils are
formed in colluvium from weathered metasedimentary rocks and make up 25 to 35 percent
of the complex. This soil complex has a moderately rapid permeability and slow surface
runoff xate in undisturbed areas. However, disturbed areas have a medium to rapid runoff
rate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet (1.5 meters). The seasonal high water table is
more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) from the surface.
A commonly applied indirect measure of the quality of a site for potential use in forestry
production is the site index. The site index reflects the relationship of average tree height of
dominant and codominant trees in a stand to the age of the stand, usually an even-aged stand
of 50 years (Avery and Burkhart 1983). County soil surveys typically include site index
information for selected species for each soil map unit. The site index ranges for the map
units found at the project site are provided below.

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ChF Black cherry (Prunus rerotina)
American beech (Fagtrr americana) 74 to 103
. Northern red oak (Quercur rubra)
Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
JtF Eastern white pine. (Pintrr rtrobur)
Virginia pine (Pinar virgirtiana) 52 to 86
Scarlet oak (Querct~r caccinea)
' SrE Eastern white pine. (Pinar rtrober)
Northern red oak (Qtrercur rubra) 80 to 100
~. Yellow poplar (Liriadendron tulipifera) '
SrD Northern zed oak (,Quercur rubra)
Eastern white pine (Pinar rtrnber) 80 to 100
Shortleaf pine (Pinar echinata)
2.2 Water Resources
The project site is located within the Tuckasegee River `watershed of the Little Tennessee
:ta-ver k'~asin. 'Ibis aavex basics 'rlegins in northeastern ~eo:~gia and flows northeastward
through seven large, unique mountain ranges before joining the Tennessee River in eastern
'Tennessee (NCDWQ, 2002). The Little Tenness~°e R.ivex is crirical habitat for three £edexally
listed endangered species: a fish, the spotfizz chub (Cyprinella monacha), and two mussels, the
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmiilonta raveneliana) and the little-wing pearly mussel (Pegiar fabula).
Dicks Creek converges with the Tuckasegee River about 2.5 miles (4 kilometers)
downstream from the project site. Approximately 660 feet (201 meters) north of the project
area, the East Fork Dicks Creek and the West Foxk Dicks Creek converge to form Dicks
Creek. Several smaller tributaries drain into the West Foxk Dicks Creek upstream of the
project site.
Page ,9 of 35

. Dicks Creek is located within Little Tennessee River Subbasin 04-04-02, which includes.
Fontana Lake and the Tuskasegee River. The.NCDWQ stream izidex number for Dicks
Creek is 2-79-42 and the USGS 8-digit hydrologic unit is OG010203.. The NCDWQ classifies
surface waters of the state based on their intended best uses. The North Carolina
Administrative Code.provides a working definition for perennial, intermittent, and
ephemeral streams (NCAC; 1999). Perennial streams have water flowing in a well defined
channel for a majority of the year (greater than 90 percent of.the time). Dicks Creelfi is a
perennial stream that accounts for the surface waters in the project area. and are designated
as Class "C" Tr waters: The class C designation denotes freshwaters protected for secondary
recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and aquatic life propagation and survival, and bthers uses. A
Tr designation indicates freshwaters that are protected for natural trout propagation and .
survival'of stocked trout species (NCD.WQ, 2002):
. The stream channel associated with Dicks ,Creek averages approximately 8 feet (2.4 meters)
wide in the project area; and 1 foot (0.3 meters) deep, with a substrate of cobble and
bedrock. Bankf„11 width averages 17 feet (5.2 meters) and bank height averages 2.5 feet (0.7
. meters). Riffle and run sequences are established with deep pools present. Dave Rosgen of
' ~ Wildland Hydrology, Inc.. has established a classification system for stream channels based. .
on fluvial geomorphologic principles and landscape position. Based on this classification
method and field observations during the site visit, the stream appears to be a Type Bc; a
high energy, cascading, with step/pool sequences, very stable with bedrock and cobble
dominated channel.
~ Section 303 d of the Clean Water Act re utter states to develo aast'of waters not meetin
r •
• water quality standards or which have impaired uses: ~ Waters maybe excluded from the list
if existing control sttategies•for point.and nonpoint source pollution will• achieve the .
j standards .or uses (NCD~7V.Q 1999).;: North Carolina's 303(d) list is a. comprehensive public
' accounting of all impaired waterbodies in the state. A review of the 303(d) found that none
of the streams located in. •the project vicinity, including Dicks Creek, were included on the
t current 303(d) list (NCDWQ, 2003a). ~ ~ .

Page 1 n ~f 35

7 rie Ambient Mo:aitoxing System (AMS) is a network of stream, lake, and estuarine water-
quality monitoring stations strategically located for the collection of physical and chemical
water-quality data. The type of water-quality data or parameters collected is determined by
the waterbody's classification and corresponding water quality standards: The AMS
:. deterniines the "use support" status of waterbodies, meaning how well a waterbody supports
its designated uses. The only AMS monitoring station in Jackson County is.located iri
Bryson City. There axe no AMS monitoring stations along Dicks Creek (NCDWQ, 2003b).
However, the NCDWQ has classified Dicks Creek as fully supporting (FS) its uses.' A fully
i supporting rating is given to waterbodies that fully support their designated uses and
~ generally have good or excellent water quality (CGLA; 2003).
'I
The nearest benthic macroinvertebrate sampling.site to the.project area.is located
approximately 5 miles (8 kilometers) downstream on the Tuckasegee River at SR 1377
~(IVlacktown Road), west of Sylva: This site was last saxnpled in`1999 and was given a
E ~.
bioclassification rating of good (NCDWQ, 2002). The North Carolina Index.of Biotic
- Integrity (NCIB~ is used to assess the biological integrity of streams by examining the
structure and health of the, fish community. The index incorporates information. about
species richness and,compositi.on, trophic composition; fish abundance and fish cozidition. .
No NCIBI ratings are currently available for the project area (NCDWQ, 2003c).
1
i
i.
i.
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:. ...
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•
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.:
Point source dischargers throughout North Carolina :are regulated through the National.
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. Dischargers are required by
1<:-,v t:o :aegis te.r for a permit: Acccr_ding to NCDWQ (2002), there ar;~ 1 ° 1-?er~~.~itt:~u Ni'DES
•~ • dischargers witlvn die,04~04=02 subbasin. The two lazgest dischargers aze the waste ~rateie
. treatment plants (WWTP) operated; by the Tuckasegee Water and Sewer~Authority. Two of
:. the WWTPs discharge. to Tuckasegee River'and Scotts Creek downstream from the project
'area.:. No significant coinpliance`or toxicity problems, Have been'reported for any. facility`
operating in this subbasin during recent years (NCDWQ, 2002).-
The pritnaty sources of water quality degradation in urban~~areas are non-point sources 'of
discharge, which include surface water runoff and construction activities: Short-term
impacts to water quality from construction-related activities include increased sedimentation
Page 11 of 35

1
and turbidity. Long-term construction related impacts to water resources include substrate
destabilization, bank erosion, increased turbidity, altered flow rates, and possible temperature
fluctuations within the channel due to removal of streamside vegetation. Precautions should
be taken to'rnin;mi~e impacts to water resources from runoff and erosion in the project area.
Jackson. County.has locally-delegated erosion and sediment control programs that require
erosion and sediment control plans for activities disturbing more than one acre (0.4 hectare)
of land.
F
I
R
•
1
2.3 Physical Resource Impacts
Project construction for road widening or new roadway location will impact soils and
topography within the project area. The primary sources, ofdater-quality degradation in:
rural areas are agriculture and construction. Precautions should be taken fo irLnirni~e
impacts to water resources in the •project area. Construction related impacts to water .
resources include loss of aesthetic values, substrate destabilization; bank erosion, increased
turbidity,'altered flow rates, and possible temperature fluctuations within the stream channel
.caused by removal of stream-side vegetation. Short-term impacts to water quality from
. , c~nstrizction-related activities are related to increased sedimentatioxl and• turbidity.
Aquatic oxganisrns are very sensitive to the discharges and inputs resulting from
. construction..Appropriate measures must be taken. to:avoid spillage and control.ninoff.
. Such measures should include an erosion and sedimentation control plan; provisions for
. waste materials and storage, stormwater management measures,` and appropriate road
'maintenance measures. NCDQT's Bert Management Practices for ProteFtion of Surface.. i~aterr:,
(BMPs = PS~ and Sedimentation Control guidelines. should be strictly enforced during the
construction stages of the project. Long-term impacts to water resources may,include
permanent changes to the stream Banks and temperature increases caused by the removal of
• ~ stream-side vegetation.
Bridge demolition activities to remove the existing bridge are included as part of the build
alternatives. The bridge demolition activities associated with this replacement will strictly
follow NCDOT's Bert Management Practicer for Bridge Demolition and Bemova! (BMP-BDR). As

per the BMPs -BDR, all methods of demolition shall be considered and implemented where
practical,.othex than dropping the bridge in the water.
The proposed project is a Case 2 category as defined in the NCDOT's BMPs -BDR. The
Case 2 category allows no work at all. in the water during moratorium periods associated with
fish migration, spawning, and larval recruitment into nursery areas. The NCWRC has
. identified pro}ubitions against in-stream activities fox the project area due to the presence o£
several aquatic species currently protected under state.and federal laws as well as for
protection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchzr.r myki.rr) (NCWRC, 2003c).. In-stream activities and
land disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-meter) trout buffer are prohibited from January 1
through Apri115 in order to prevent sedimentation from impacting fish eggs and fry., .
downstream of the project site.
,.
:2.4 Aesthetic Values .. .
,Aquatic ecosystems provide a sense of aesthetic values to many people. The discharge of
dredged ox fill materials into an aquatic ecosystem can adversely affect the characteristics ox
water quality,tvhich rriake the area valuable to the public and property, owners. ~ when these
systems are impacted by discharge of dredged or fill material it. can xnas the natural beauty
enjoyed by the public and private property owners as well as degrade water'quality,.cxeate
distracting disposal sites, lead to inappropriate development, provide unplanned or
. .
. incompatible public access, darn.age the~visual distinctiveness of an area, 'or reduce biotic
diversi4a. , .
. J ~ .. ..
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. ~ Page 13 of 35

..~
3. Biotic Resources
This section describes the existing vegetation. and associated wildlife that occur within the
project area. The project area is composed of different vegetative communities based on
' topography, soils, hydrology, and level of disturbance. These systems are interrelated and in
many aspects interdependent. Potential impacts affecting these communities are also
discussed. Scientific nomenclature and common name (when applicable) are provided for
i
each plant and animal species listed. Subsequent references to the same organism include
only the common name.
4 ..
` 3.1 Vegetation and Punt Communities
The MULKEY field survey team observed three plant communities in the project study area:
rich cove forest, montane alluvial forest, and man-dominated. The locations o£ these
communities are presented in Figure 4 and photographs of the site ate included in the
Appendix. ~.
A narrow riparian forest community is situated along. the stream banks and adjacent
floodplain surrounding the project site. This forested community is best classified as a

',i
I'
~~
t
I i
i
variation of Schafale and Weakley's (1990) Montane Alluvial forest. This community type
occurs along'stream and river floociplains at moderate to high elevations and is typically
dominated in the canopy by Canadian hemlock (Tsuga canadensi.r), yellow birch (Betula
alleghaniensis), and sweet birch (B. lenta). Frequently, the understory is a dense ericaceous
shrub layer of rhododendron (khododendron maximum) ox doghobble (L.eucothoe fontanesdana)
(Schafale. and Weakley,1990).~, Thee;domirian~t species.found.in this community in the project.
area included yellow birch,. Canadian hemlock, red maple (Acer nrbrum); tu]ip poplar .
_. (L.iriodendron tul{pifera), hickory (Carya spp.), and sycamore (I'latanus occidentalis)~in the matvxe
`canopy.: UnderStory. trees and.shrubs in the narrow riparian.buf£ex included rhododendron,.:
tag alder (.Alnus serrulata), and yellow-root (Xanthorhi~a simplicirsima), doghobble, and buckeye
(A.esculus rylvatica). A diverse herbaceous layer occurs in the understoxy of the surrounding
'slopes, wliich included jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), poison ivy(Toxicodendron radicans),
bean/pea herbs (family Fabaceae), Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimirreum), and various
grasses (family Poaceae).

..
;.
Surrounding the narrow valley is a densely forested steep slope. This forested community is
best classified as a variation of a Rich Cove Forest (Schafale and Weakley, 1990). This
community is found at low to moderate elevations in moist sheltered coves and low slopes.
The canopy can be vexy diverse, often, dominated by tulip poplar, yellow buckeye (Aesculus
flava), basswood (Tilia americana), sweet birch, Northern red oak (,Quercus rubra), Canadian
. hemlock, American beech, and Southern sugar maple (Acersaccharum). At the project site,
this forest is found primarily upstream, of the bridge on the eastern slope above the stream
bank, and downstream of the bridge on the western slope above the stream bank and the
eastern slope above the road. This community is dominated by Canadian hemlock, white
pine (Pinxs strobus), Northern red ;oak, black locust (kobinia pseudoacacia), and American beech,
red maple (Acer rubrum), yellow bixch, and sweet birch in the mature canopy. The shrub and
. woody vine understoryis dominated by'rhododendron, sourwood (Oxydenclron arbozreum),
Virginia creeper (Partherioczsrus quinquefolia), .and. various oyerstory tree saplings. A :diverse
herbaceous layer occurs in the, understory including may apple (Podophyllum spp.), trilliums
(Trillium spp.), Christmas fern (Poystichum acrostichoides), rattlesnake. orchid (Goodyera tesselata),
foamflower (Tiarella spp.), and. bellwort (Uvularia spp.)..
Man-dominated communities represent areas that are periodically maintained by human
influences, such as roadside and powex line rights-of--way, regularly mowed lawns, and open
areas..Species include dock (Barmex'spp) plantain (Plantagd spp);`violets. (Viola spp.);
. rnustaxd (Brassica spp.), clover (Trifolium spp:), poison ivy, Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota),
ar;.d various grasses (famiJ.y Poaceae). NCDOT maintains a 30=£oot (9.1-meter) right-of-way
along Dicks Creek Road. A residential home is located.east.of Bridge No: 36 and north of ,
the road:: Acidic cove forest is located on a slope which steeply rises approximately 50 feet .
. (15.2 meters) south from the road. Agarden lies between the home and riparian axes next to
:Dicks. Creek: To the west:of.Bridge N:o.36 lies a church with paved parking lot south of the
road, and forest with a footpath noxth of the road: ~ ; ~.
Page 15, of 35

3.2 Terrestrial Wildlife
The alluvial forest, cove forest, and man-dominated communities offer a high diversity o£
foraging, nesting, and cover habitat for many species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals. Species that may be associated with these types of communities are described
below.. An asterisk (*) indicates the species that were directly observed or that evidence was
noted during field reconnaissance.
` The project area likely has a small amphibian population which'may include salamanders and
frogs. Salamanders forage on insects, both aquatic and terrestrial, crustaceans, worins, and .
other organisms in forest floodplains and vernal pools. Salamanders can be.found in a
t variety of habitats, although most are associated with small streams, vernal pools, and
seepages: They can also be Found along strearr~s where stones, large branches,~and~othcr
wood debris offer shelter fox both the salamander and their food. Thep axe active mostly at
i . night, but can be found by ove~~+-~+ng logs and stones in wet areas along stream banks.,
While no' salamanders were observed, species such as the Eastern newt (Notophthalmus
viridescens), spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), blackbelly salamander (Desmagnathus
quadramaculatus), and mountain dusky salamander (Desmognathus .ochmphaeus) are commonly
found in mountain areas. Spring peepers (Hyla crucifer), pickerel frogs (Kona palustri.r), and
green frogs (R clamitans) are likely to be present in the project area. Spring peepers mainly .
inhabit woodlands, while pickerel frogs are found along shaded streams and wet areas.
~. .:,
Green frogs live along streams, ponds, and lakes throughout North Carolina.
Reptile species associated with the project area may include the Eastern box turtle (Terrapene
carolirta); five-lined skink (Eumeces fasciatu.r), rough green. snake (Opheodays aestivus), and Eastern `
garter snake (Thamnophis sirlalis): Eastern box turtles eat a wide variety of plants and small
,animals, including poisonous mushrooms.: Five-lined skinks feed on spiders, crickets,
~~ grasshoppers, beetles, and other insects. Rough green snakes forage: on spiders, moth and
butterfly larvae; crickets; and grasshoppers and will often.forage among visxes or shrubs .
... ~
along stream banks. The Eastern garter snake forages for earthworms, fish; and.amphibians
in moist Forested environments near streams, marshes, and pools.
j
i

Ivlany bird species may inhabit ox migxate through the project area. Inhabitants may include
red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villossrs); downy
woodpecker~(P. pubescens), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Carolina chickadee (Parais carolinen:ris),
tufted titmouse (P. bicolor), white-breasted nuthatch (Siita carolinensis), American robin (Turdus
mi$ratorius), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), northern mockingbird (Mimes:polyglottos),
wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), and Carolina wren
(Thryothorzrs ludovicianus). Predatory species may include red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis),
..~ eastern screech owl (Otus asio), and barred owl (Stria varia). .. .
A wide variety of mammals are expected to inhabit the project area and. surrounding
la.ndstape. Virginia opossum ~(Dide phis virginiana), gray squixxel (Sciurfrs carolinensis), raccoon .
i
j ~ (Procyon lator); eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), and white-tailed deer (Oc~ocoileus
virginianus) are species mostly likely to be found. These mammals have adapted to survival,in
axeas where human impacts have, modified. the landscape.:; In addition, bats such.as the little
brown inyotis (Myotis lucifugus), Eastern xed (Lasrurus borealis), and big brown bat (Eptesiczrs
fuscus) may also be.present in the project study area. The big brown and little brown bats
typically use man-made structures such as attics, barns, sheds, and bridges for sutnrner
roosts.. They forage neax water and along streams; eating insects suck as beetles, flies,
' mayflies; stonefli.es, and mosquitoes.. The Eastern red bat often hangs in leafy tree tops near
the edge of a clearing during sut<imer months. This bat species Forages near, street or outside
. ~ ~ lights and eats mosquitoes, flies,true bugs; beetles; and other insects. ~No habitat
' appropriate for bats was found in the project area.
. .. 3.3 Aquatic Habitats. and Wildlife ...
:. .The aquatic habitat in the Dicks Creek drainage. area is expected to be diverse based on the
stable fluvial georxiorphological conditionof the stream channel observed at. the time of the
field visit: ~ Dicks Creek has a stream bed consisting of sand,'gravel; cobble; and bedrock
;.
' _ beneficial to macroberithic invertebrates including mussels. ~ Evidence o£ crayfish was. found
:.. , .. ..
at the :site visit. ~addisfly and snayfly.larvae.were found iii the.stream bed: ~ .
. ~. Page 17 of 35

L .~ ~ _ ..
' Fish species associated with the project area may include fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare),
redline darter (Etheostoma vulneratum), Swannanoa darter (Etheostoma swannanoa), brook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchur mykisr), brown trout (Salmo trutta), Northern
hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans), creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), saffron .shiner (Natropis
rubricroceus); silvex.shiner (Notcopisphotogenis), warpaint shiner (Luxilus.albeolus),whitetail,shiner
(Cyprinella galactura), and mountain brook lamprey (Ichthyomy~on greeleye). ,Several small fish
averaging approximately 2 inches (5 centimeters) long were seen in the stream. The olive
~ darter Percirra s uamata. federal s ecies of concern and states ecial concern has Been
observed rieas the mouth of Dicks!Creek according to NCWRC.. The Appalachian elktoe .
(Alasmidonta raveneliana), federal and state endangered; wavy-rayed lampmussel (Lampsilis
fasciola), state special concern; and wounded darter (Etheostoma vulneratum), state special
E concern have also been noted in the Tuckasegee River.
4 ~ .. ..
3.4 Biotic Resource Impacts _ ..,
._ _ ~ , .
The proposed construction may impact nearly 0.8 acres (0.3 hectares) of terrestrial biotic
coxnrriunities in ;the project study area, as summarized below. Impacts to terrestrial biotic
communities are estimated based on preliminary conceptual designs .for replacing the existing
bridge in place and are sumrr,ari~.ed below and shown in Figure 4..These impacts consist of
~ a roximatel . 0.4 acxes 0.1 hectares 'of alluvial foxes 0.2 acxes 0.1 hectares of cove foxes
~ and.0.3 aczes 0.1 hectares of man-dominated areas..The im acts are .based on a stud
..
' ( )
,.
,..... y~
I comdor approximately 250 feet (76.2~meters) long, as measured from each end of the bridge,
and 50 feet (15.2 meters) wide, as measured from the centerline of the roadway. Temporary
impacts were, riot calculated because all roadway..construction should occur well within the .
. , .... . .
permanent right-of vvay boundaries. ~ .
...
%`~g•:T +•.,^`.IS i:C~:• ;::.y.;, «~«;.?,;;.,•yY~4{{t`.•~~r"r. ~• °T ~l~l acts }.:.w:~9'~~~
:..•Comrriunity Description's'''. :4:-. ~' .Ages. (Hectares)'
~'
• . Allu~rial Forest ~. 0:4 (0.1) ..
~ :: -Cove Forest ~ 0.2 (0.1)
' Man-Dominated Areas 0.3 (0.1)
T'---'~o _r~r

Temporary fluctuation in populations of animal species which utilize terrestrial areas is
anticipated doting the course of construction. Slow-moving, buxrowirxg, and/or
subterranean organisms will be directly impacted by construction activities, while mobile
organisms will be displaced to adjacent communities. Competitive forces in the adapted . ,
communities will likely result in a redefinition of population equilibria.
~.
~ . Aquatic communities are acutely sensitive to changes in their er~vironm~nt and
~ - >..
environmental impacts from construction .activities may result in long-term or irxeversible
effects. Impacts. usually associated with iii-stream construction include increased. .
channelization and scouring.of the streambed. In.=stream construction alters the substrate
and impacts adjacent.stream-side vegetation: Such disturbances within the substrate lead to
. increased siltation, which can clog the gills and/or feeding mechanisms of bcnthic
organisms, fish, .and amphibian, species.. Siltation may also, cover benthos' with excessive .
amounts of sediments that inhibit their ability to obtain oxygen. These organisms are slow
,~
to recover and usually do not,.once the stream has been severely impacted.
The removal of strearn~side vegetation and placement of fill material during construction
:contributes to erosion and possible sedimentation..Quick revegetation of these ax~as helps
to.reduce the impacts by.supporting,the underlying soils..Erosion and sedimentation may
`carry soils; toxic cgriipounds, trash; and other materials into the aquatic communities at the : .
construction site.. As a result, sediment bars may b.e formed both at the site and ..
G.ow.~stream. Increased light penetration f.~~ria the renao~ s..t o~ ~,~~-ez .s ~ ~;.,.u.•~egetation rx~ay,
1 ~:~ .. .:.. .: ...... ,.
~ increase water teniperatures,~. Warmer water contains less~oxygen, thus reducing aquatic life ~ .
that depends on high oxygen concentrations. •
~. .. .
• :.
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Page 19 of 35

4. Waters o£ the United States
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires regulation of discharges into "Waters o£ the.
United States." ~ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CJSEPA) is the principal
administrative agency of the Clean Water Act; however, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
~LJSACE) has the responsibility for implerrientation, permitting, and enforcement of the
provisions of the Act. The USACE regulatory progrann is defined in 33 CFR 320-330.
~ Water bodies, including lakes; rivers; and streams, are. subject to jurisdictional consideration
under the Section 404 program. Wetlands are also identified as "Waters of the United
' States." Wetlands, defined in 33 CFR 328.3, axe those areas that are inundated or saturated
' by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to ,support, and under
normal circumstances. do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted fox life in -
' saturated soil conditions. Any action that proposes to place fill into these areas falls under
t the jurisdiction of the USACE under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C: 1344).
4.1 Surface Waters
The.NCDWQ defines a perennial stream as a clearly defined channel that contains water for
' the majority of the year. These channels usually have some or all of the following
characteristics:. distinctive stream bed and bank; aquatic life, and groundwater flow or
discharge. Dicks Creek is.the only'pexennial stream'identified in the; project vicinity. ~. . .
Detailed stream characteristics, including .specific water quality designations, are presented in
Section 2.2 Water Resources. .
r 4.2 Jurisdictional Wetlands ~ ~ .
..
Wetlands have been defined;by the USACE as those areas that ate inundated or saturated by
surface or groundwater long enough and frequent enough under noz~nal conditions to
support a prevalence of vegetation adapted for life in saturated soil conditions ~ '
..
. ~ (Environmental Laboratory 1989). Based on this definition, delineation of jurisdictional
~ wetlands is based on the presence of three diagnostic indicators:.hydxophytic.vegetation, .
_ hydric soils, and hydrology. Wetland determinations were completed as part of the .
' 1vIULI{EY field investigations. No wetland areas were identified in the project area.
3
{

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4.3 Impacts to Waters
The proposed project is to replace the existing Bridge No, 36 in place. Traffic will follow an
on-site detour using staged construction. Preliminary conceptual designs call for spanning
,the stream with a new badge and end bents. Bents should,be placed above the normal high
water level in ordex to avoid impacts to jurisdictional surface waters. Removal of the
existing bridge and construction of the replacement bridge may temporarily impact the
Mitchell River. Increased erosion and sedimentation may result fxom roadside construction.
Removal of vegetation may result in temporary increase in watex temperature. Quick .
revegetation of these areas will help seduce the impacts by supporting the underlying soils
and shading the stream.
4.4 Permit Requirements
I
Impacts to "Waters of the United States" come under the jurisdiction of the USACE.
Permits are required for roadway encroachment into jurisdictional wetlands and surface.
~ ~ waters. The USACE Wilmington District uses Nationwide Permit 14 fox linear .
txansportation crossings when ixnpacts~ to jurisdictional resources from dxedge or fill material
are less than 0.5 acres (0.2 hectares) in non-tidal waters. As o£May 17, 2002, projects with
no more than 300 total .linear feet (91.4 meters) o£ impacts to perennial or intermittent
streams are eligible for a nationwide permit under the Wilinington.iDistrict Regional
Conditions:. These regional conditions also require compliance with Nationwide General
! Condition 13 for projects with greater than 150 total linear feet (45.7 meters) of impacts az~.d
! projects that occur in mountain trout waters of the 25 designated counties; which includes
`• Jackson County: General Condition 13 addresses requirements concerning notification and
coordination with the USACE for permit applications. Notification to the USACE District
~ ` ,Engineer is made by submitting the PxeConstruction Notification £orm to the applicable. .
' regulatory field office.
..
In addition; a Section 401 General Water Quality Certification (WQC #3404) is' also xequixed
for any activity which map result in a discharge into "Waters of the United States" or for
which an issuance of a fedexal Nationwide 14 permit or license is issued. Certifications are
t
n__: n~ _r~e

., ~ ,
' . administered through the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (NCDENR), Division of Water Quality.
• 4.5 Mitigation
The USACE has adopted, through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), a
mitigation policy which embraces the concepts of "no net loss of wetlands" and sequencing.
The purpose of fhis policy is to restore and maintain the chemical, biological, and physical
integrity of:Waters of the United States, ~~specifically wetlands. ~ Mitigation~of:wetland impacts
has .been defined by the CEQ to include: avoidance of impacts (to wetlands), minimizing
impacts, rectifying impacts, reducuig impacts over .time, and compensating fox. impacts (40
CFR,1508.20): Each of these. three, aspects (avoidance, mnimization, and compensatory .
mitigation) must be considered in sequential order.
~ Avoidance mitigation examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts
to Waters 'of the United States.. According to a 1990, Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
. between the USEPA and the USACE, in determining "appropriate and practicable".
', measures to offset unavoidable impacts, such measures should be appropriate to the slope .
and degree, of those impacts~and. practicable in terms of cost, existing technology, and '
,~
logistics,in light.of overall project purposes.
MnnimiZaton includes the. examination of appropriate and practicable steps to reduce .the .
'~ ~ adverse impacts to Waters of the United States. Implementation o£ these steps will be
i ,.
required through project modifications and permit conditions. Minimization typically
,focuses on decreasing~the foptpriiit of;the proposed project through the.reduGtion of.
median widths, right-of--way widths, fill slopes, and/or road shoulder widths. Tlie following
methods are suggested to minimize adverse impacts to Waters of the United States:`
j ..
~.. ~ . .
. ,.
• Strictly enforce Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control sedimentatiozi during
project construction..
,.
• Clearing and grubbing activity should be rn;nimized.
• Decrease ox eliminate discharges into Dicks Creek and its tributaries.
r •
r_ nn _rnr

'~ ~ Reestablishment of vegetation on exposed areas with judicious pesticide and
herbicide management.
~ Minimization of "in-stream" activity.
Use responsible litter control practices.
Mitigation includes restoration, enhancement; or creation for wetland and stream functions
and values that are lost when these systems are converted to other uses. Compensatory
mitigation is not uo;emall~,considered until.anticipated.irnpacts to Waters of the United
States have been avoided and minirni~ed to the maximum extent possible. It is recognized
that "no net loss of wetland'.' functions and values may not be achieved in. each and every
i permit action. Appropriate. and practicable compensatory mitigation, is required for , .
i
' unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable minimisation
~~
' has been required.
_. ..
4
~ It is the decision of the USAGE and N'CDWQ to require mitigation fox irnpacts associated
with project construction. The USAGE usually requires compensatory mitigation fox,
activities authorized undei: Section 404 of the Clean Water Act when unavoidable impacts
;.
total more. than 0.10 aczes (0:04 hectares) of wetlands or 150 ii:nea~ feet (45..7 linear rrieters)
of perennial ox intermittent streams. The NCDWQ may require compensatory mitigation
for activities authorized under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act for r~rnavoidable impacts .
to more than 1 acre (0.45 hectares) of wetlands or.150 .linear feet (45.7 linear meters) of
perennial streams. ..
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Page 23 of 35

5. Rare and Protected Species

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Some populations of fauna and flora have. been, or are; in the process of decline due to
either natural forces or their inability to coexist with humans. Federal law (under the
provisions of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended) requires that
any action likely to adversely affecf a species, classified as Federally-protected be subject to
review by the USFWS. Other species may receive additional protection under separate laws.
As of the 24 February 2003,, Jackson County species list,, the,LJSFWS identifies four
Endangered (E) species, two Threatened (T) species, and 39 Federal Species of Concern
(FSC) as potentially occurring in the county. The Endangered and Threatened species
include Appalachian, elktoe (Ala.rmidonta raveneliana), Carolina x~orthexn flying squirrel
(Glaucomyr .rabrinu.r coloratu.r), Indiana bat (Myotia ,codali.r), rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma ~ .
lineare), swamp pink (Helonia.r bullata), small-whorled pogonia (Lrotria medeoloider), respectively.
The NCNHP lists of January 2003 included these 45 species and identified 14.additional . '
species receiving-protection under state laws: The Jackson County FSC and the state
protected species, their status, and the existence of suitable habitat within the project area 'are
shown in Table 2. .
Natural Heritage Program maps were reviewed on July 3, 2003 to determine if any protected,
species have been identified near the project area: This map review confirmed that no
protected species are located within a 1-mile (1.6-kilometers) radius of the liroject site. The .
closest mapped population'are two FSC species, olive,datter (Percina squamata) and wounded
darter (Etheortoma, varlneratsrm), which are located more than 1.5. miles. (0,8 kilometers):
downstream from the project site, where Dicks Creek enters the. Tuckasegee River.
5.1 Federally Protected Species , ~ ;
5.1.1 Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta taveneltana) , .
Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: Endangered

The Appalachian elktoe is a small mussel with a rxiastimun~ length reaching up to 3 inches (8"
cm). Its shell is thin although the shell is not fragile nor subovate (kidney-shaped). The
periostracum (outer shell) of the adult Appalachian elktoe is dark brown in color, while
juveniles have ayellowish-brown color: Known populations of the Appalachian elktoe exist "
in North Carolina in the. N'olichucky River (including its~tributaries. of the Cane River, North
' Toe River and South .Toe River); the Tuckasegee River, the Little Tennessee River and
tributaries of the French .Broad River Basin including; the West and East Fork Pigeon Rivers
and the Little River.. The ;Appalachian elktoe has been, observed in gravelly substrates often
mixed with cobble and boulders, in cracks of bedrock and in relatively silt-free, coarse sandy
substrates.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect

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Appropriate habitat for.Appalachian elktoe is likely present at the project site;, however field
surveys were completed by Cateria Group; Inc. did not reveal any evidence of mussels in the
project study area. This survey. was, completed on July 16, 2003. Mussel surveys were
conducted, from the confluence with the Tuckasegee River upstream to a point
approximately 328 £eet (100 meters) upstream of Bridge No. 36. No mussels were observed.
A review of NCNHP reaps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known populations occur within a
2 mile (3.2 kilometer) radius of the project site. The replacement of Bridge No. 36 will not
impact the Appalachian elktoe:
' ..•. _.~. .. ~.:i.~~.: ....:.....: ..~J2.,...l. L:~i-i i.ife~~~ ::: L~ 1.. ~,...,'`.. '. ~. '..... i?~.: i. C~'a: ~ ~... .........'.n .. ~':~~:`Z l.i-T.L
Fedexal Status: Endangered `. .. . • •. .
..;
.., ....
.. ... .
. ~ State Status:. Endangered . .
The. Carolina northern flying squirrel has a~ large well-furred flap o£ skin along either side of .
its body. This £urced flap of skin is connected at the wrist in~the front and at the ankle in the
rear forming an aerodynamic surface which is used for gliding fxoin tree to tree: The
Carolina flying squirrel is a noct<xrnaI mammal which .possesses along, broad, flattened tail
(80 percent of head and body length), prominent eyes; and :dense, silky fur. It can be
. ~ Page 25 of.35
a

~,
distinguished from the southern flying squirrel by its larger size and gray base of its ventral
hairs as opposed to a white base for the southern species.

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Several isolated populations o£ the northern flying squirrel have been found in the western
part of North Carolina, in Haywood County, Yancey County, Jackson County and in the
vicinity of Mt. Mitchell. Two other populations have been sited along the eastern Teruiessee
mountains bordering North Carolina. This squirrel is found at elevations above 1,524
meters (5,000 feet) in the vegetation transition zone between the coniferous and northern
hardwood forests: Both forest types ate used in search of food, while the hardwood forests .
are needed for nesting sites.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Elevations in the project area are well .below the range in which the Carolina northern flying
squirrel is found. A review of NCNHP snaps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known
populations occur within a 2-mile (3.2-kilometer) radius of the project site. Since the bridge
is to be replaced on existing location, it is anticipated that construction will occur well. within
existing tight-of:way boundaries. Therefore replacement of Btidge.No. 36 will have no.
effect on the Carolina northern flying squirrel.
. 5.1.3 Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) ,
Federal Status: Endangered
State, Status: Endangered .. .
The Indiana bat is a. medium-sized myotis, closely resembling the little brown bat (Myotz.r .
lucifugur) but differing in coloration. -Its fur is a, dull grayish chestnut with the basal portion
of the hairs of the back a dull lead color... This bat's underparts are pinkish to cinnamori;~ the
heels of its feet are strongly keeled and its hind feet ate smaller and more delicate than in the
M. lucifugur.
The Indiana bat occurs in the Midwest and eastern United States as far south as northern
Florida. In summer it is. apparently.absent south of Tennessee. Limestone caves with an
D~.,e 7~ ..~ 2G

average, ternpexatuxe of 3 7 to 43 degrees Fahrenheit (2.8 to 6.1 degrees Centigrade) in
midwinter and average relative humidity of 87 percent are preferred fox winter hibernation.
Summer foraging by females and juveniles is limited to riparian and floodplain areas, with
creeks riot being used if riparian trees have been removed. Males forage over floodpLain
ridges and hillside forests and usually roost in caves.
Biological Conclusion: No E.f#ecc

No caves or floodplavis exist within the project area. Suitable summer roosting habitat is
. not available at the project site. The minimal riparian buffer along Dicks Creek would
provide minimal foraging habitat. A review of NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no
.known populations occur within, a 2=Hole (3.2-kilometer) radius of the project site. Since the
bridge is to be replaced on existing location, it is anticipated that construction will occur well
within existing right-of--way boundaries.. 'T'herefore replacement of B.ti.dge No. 36 will have
no effect on Indiana bat. ~ .. .
5.1.4 . Rock gnome lichen (G,yYnnoderma litteare)
.Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: 'Threatened
Rock gnome lichen occurs in dense colonies o£ squamules (narrow strap-like lobes). The
ends of the individual squamules are.blue-gray above and shiny-white below, grading to'
C ,l ag tD i.,.c.
' base, and approximately 0.4 to 0.8 inches, (1 to 2. ceritirrieters) long.. Squamules grow parallel
to "the rock surface and curl away at the tips. Fruiting bodies are black, borne singly ox in
clusters; and are located at tree tips (and rarely at the sides) o£ the squamules:, They are
..:cylindrical, radially symmetrical, and can be eitheraessile or supported Eby short podetia
(<0.08.inch/2 mm.in length)., This species appears to propagate primarily asexually.
~T'he rock gnome lichen is a ziarrow endemic, restricted to areas of high hurrudity. These
high' humidity environments occur on high elevation (4000 ft/ 1220 m) rxiountaintops and
cliff faces which are frequently bathed in fog. or lower elevation (2500 ft/762 xn) deep gorges
Page 27 of 35

in the Southern Appalachians. The rock gnome lichen primarily occurs on vertical rock
faces where seepage water from forest soils above flows only at very wet times. The rock
gnome lichen is almost always found growing with the moss Adreaea in these vertical
intermittent seeps. The major threat of extinction to the rock gnome lichen.relates directly
to,habitat alteration/loss of high elevation coniferous forests. These coniferous forests
usually lie adjacent to the habitat :occupied by the rock gnome lichen. The high elevation
habitat occurs in the counties of Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Mitchell,
Swain, and Yancey. The lower, elevation.habitat of the rock gnome lichen can be found in.
~. ..
the counties of Jackson, Rutherford and Transylvania. , ~ .. ~ : ~. .
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
~E
6

Appropriate habitat for rock gnome lichen does not exist at the project site. A review of .
NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known populations occur within a 2-mile (3.2-
kilometer) radius of the project site.. Since the bridge is to be replaced on the existing.
location, it is anticipated that construction will occur well within existing right-of--way
boundaries.. Therefore, it is anticipated that replacement of Bridge No. 36 will have no
effect on rock gnome lichen.
5.1.5 Swamp pink (Helonias bu1lata)
Federal Status: Threatened . ~ "
State Status: Threatened -Special Concern
" ~ Swamp pink is .a perennial which is one of the first wildflowers to bloom. in the spiing. It . ~.
possesses, fragzant, .pink flowers .that occur iri clusters of .30 to 50. Its dark evergreen; lance-
shaped, ,and parallel-veined leaves form a basal rosette which arises from. a stout; stem which
.can extend to a height of 8 to 35. inches (20, to 90 centimeters) during,floweririg.. This :plant .. .
tends to reproduce by clonal root growth and tends to grow in~ clumps, close to~ the parent .
plants. Due to this, plant populations`can be extremely dense with some populations in the
" southern Appalachians having plant densities of.56 plants pet square meter (3.3 plants per
square foot). Flowers 'are present from March to May.
Pa~~ 28 of 35

In North Carolina, the largest populations of swamp p:u~lc ::_.-e fcu~~~. in the S'isgah National
Forest in the "Pink Beds" area. Seven other populations occur in Jackson, Henderson.and
Transylvania counties. Swamp pink occurs in numerous wetland habitats including Atlantic .
white-cedar swamps, Blue Ridge swamps, swampy forested wetlands which border small
streams, meadows and spring seepage areas. The species requires habitat which is saturated
with.water, but not flooded. Swamp pink ranges over'seven states, 'and is often associated
with evergreen, trees such as Atlantic white-cedar, pitch pine, American larch and black
.spruce. Swamp pink is somewhat shade tolerant and needs enough canopy to minimise.
. ~ ,
', competition with other more aggressive species.
Biological Conclusions No Effect ~ ,
No habitat exists in tike project study area for the swamp pink due to a lack of wetlands in .
the area. A review. of N.CNHP .maps, on July 3, 2003'shows that no known populations
:. ' ..
occur within a.2-rriile (3:2-kilometer) radius of the project site. Since the bridge is to be
replaced, on existing location,. it is anticipated that construction will occur well within existing
~ right-of way boundaries.. Therefore, it is anticipated that replacement of.Bridge No. 36 will
have no effect on swamp.pink. ~ ~ ~.
1
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`5.1.6 Szinall-whorled pogonia (Isotrza rxzedeoXoides)'
Federal Status: Threatened ~ _ .
State Status: Endarigered
The ~sriiall-whorled pogonia is a perennial with long; .pubescent roots. Th'e stem is smooth .
and hollow; measuring. 3.7 ,Eo 9.8 inches (9.5 to 25.0 centimeters) iui, height and tertiiinating iii
a whorl of five or suc light green, elliptical leaves Ghat are somewhat pointed and measure up
. ~ '.~~ to 3.2~x 1.G.indhes (8 ~ 4 centimeters):. A flower, or occasionally two flowers, is produced. at
the top of the stem, however, individual plants~may not flower every year: Extended
dormancy, although not scientificallydocumented, is purported to.occur under certain
conditions: Flowers are present from mid-Map to mid June.
.. Page 29 of 35

1 1
Twenty-three populations of the small-whorled pogonia are known to occur in the
southeastern United States. These populations are known from' North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Five populations occur in North Carolina. Most
southeastern populations number less than 25 plants. Habitat for the small-whorled pogonia
usually occurs in open; dry deciduous.woods with acid soils, however it has also been found
in rich cove hardwoods.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
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Habitat for this species is available iri large regions of the project vicinity. At the project site,
suitable habitat potentially exists :in the cave forest adjacent to Dicks Creek. However,
frequent disturbance due to yardwaste dumping on the south side of the road, and heavy
foot traffic near the pedestrian access on the north side of the road would inhibit the growth
of small-whorled pogonia. Appropriate habitat for small-whorled pogonia does not exist in
', ~ the right-of--way areas adjacent to Dicks Creek Road. A search for small-whorled pogonia
~~
was conducted during a site visit on April 2, 2003 and on July 29, 2003. Even though this
'~
. was not during the expected bloom period of mid-May to mid June, no plants with the
vegetative 'characteristics of small-whorled pogonia were observed in the search corridor.
Since the bridge is to be replaced on existing location, it is anticipated that construction will
. occur well within existing right-of--way boundaries. Therefore, it is anticipated that
replacement of Bridge No. 36 will have rio`ef£ect,on small-whorled pogoiua. A review of
i'•
NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known populations occur within a 2-mile (3.2-
kilometer) radius of the project site.
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Page 30 of 35
1~

~. ~O~iJ.C~.US1ot15
The proposed project, which is located about 3.5 miles north of Dillsboro in Jackson
County, North Carolina, will replace Bridge No. 3G on SR 1388 (Dicks .Creek Road) over
Dicks Creek on existing location. Existing right-of--way is assumed to be 30 feet (9.1 meters)
' $ozri the roadway centerline.
Water resources ~ the, area include Dicks Creek: Diclt's Creek is classified as a Class "C"
water, and also assigned as a TR. Dicks Creek is a perennial stream and therefore subject to
USACE and NCDWQ jurisdiction under Section 404 and Section 401 of the Clean Water
Act. No wetland areas were identified in the project area.
Three plant communities were identified in the project study area: alluvial Forest, cove
~ forest, and man-dominated areas. Terrestrial: community impacts due. to construction are
based on the permanent right-o£ wap boundaries and include approximately 0.4 acres (0.1
hectares) of alluvial forest, 0.2 acres.(0.1 hectares) of cove forest, and 0.3 acres (0.1 hectares)
.. of man-dominated areas. Dicks Creek is a perennial stream and therefore subject to USACE
i
' and NCDWQ jurisdiction under Section 404 and Section 401.of.the Clean Water Act.
~ .
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7. References
,Avery, Thomas E. and Harold E. Burkhart, 1983. Forest Measurements, Third Edition.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New Yoxk, NY.
Conant R., and J: T. Collins, 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern
and Central North America. Third Edition, Expanded. Peterson Field Guides.
Houghton Mifflin Publishers, New York, NY.
Cowaxdin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet and E. T. LaRoe, 1979. Classification of Wetlands
.and Deepwater Habitat of .the United States. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States
Department of the Interior. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Environmental Laboratory, 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual;
E Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Army Engineer Wateirways Experiment .
Station, Vicksburg; MS:
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 1989. Flood Insurance Rate. Maps, Map
Service Centex., World Wide Web: : w b1.m c.fema. ov
~vebapp /commerce/command/EYecMacro/MAC' /ma~rn~ /c-arrl~p ~ ~ .ti, /rPpO1t?m
sc_ tiTodtype=P~tcrosc media=SCANLcrosc state=130408crosc ctX-14912&msc co
mxn=28495. Accessed on July 1, 2003:

~~
I~
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Frideh, Jobe A., 1993. Final Rule, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants;
La;rinigona decorata (Carolina Heelsplitter) Detei:iniried to be Endangered. '50 CFR '
Part 17, RIN.1018=AB75, published June 30, 1993: Department of The Interior, .
LJ.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Division Of Endangered Species.
Lee; D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt; R. E:Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J: R: Stauffer, Jr.,
.. .. ..
1980 et seq. Atlas of North American.Freshwater Fishes: Noxtli Carolina Museum
of Natural History; North Carolina Department of Agriculture; Raleigh; NC. North
Carolina Biological Survey #1980=12. .
T_ __ n n _ C n c

Natural Resources Conservation Service (MRCS), 2002. Climate Information for. Jackson
County, WETS Station NC2200 Cullowee. National Water and Climate Center.
United States Department of Agriculture. World Wide Web:
~vcww.wcc.nres.usda.gov/cLmate/wetlands-},tml. Accessed on July 30; 2003.
NatureServe, 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application].
~ ~ Version 1.8. NatureSerye, Arlington, Virginia. World Wide Web:
http://www.natureserve.org/explores. Accessed on July 7, 2003.
..
.North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC), 1999. Subchapter 1I -,Forest Practice
i. Guidelines Related to Water Quality, Section .0100. 15A NCAC 1I.0102. Raleigh,'
' NC.
i ,
North Carolina Division of Land Resources (NCDLR); 1985. Geologic Map of Nortli
Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC. •
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ), 2002....NC Water Quality Assessment
and Impaired Waters List ,(2002 Integrated. 305(6) and 303(d) Report), Public Review
Dxaft; June 2002. Modeling_and TMDL Unit; Raleigh, NC. World Wide Web:
://h2o.enr state nc us/tnndl/PDFs/nc2k li ~pdf; Accessed on July 3, 2003..

•, - ..
.. .. _
., >«
_.. _.: ~'i (y .~.:. ..._... ~1 _.. 'i:' Cf YJa}.,__ ~LI..~'1_• ''" ~r`f zT; r.\ ^n~7. •,7~ i~ r i;
• ~ ~ ;. .. .,~;, : ~.. ~ ....•~..~~aWater: Qualitj
~, Assessment.and Impaired Waters Li'st_(2002 Integrated 3d5(b):and 303(4) Report)., NC
Department of Envirorunent and Natural Resources, Water Quality Section. Raleigh;
North Carolina..
. '.
~ .. ~. ..
... ~ ..
North Carolina Division of Water Quality .(NCDWQ), 20036. Ambient Monito:cing
. ..... :.
Network Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Water Quality .
~.... :.
.. Section, Environmental Sciences Branch. World Wide Web. ~ Accessed on June 19,'
. ~ 2003. ~~://w~vtv.esb.erir.state nc us/stations/ams htm
... .. Page 33 of 35

~,
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ), 2003c. NCDWQ's Fish Community
Database - NCIBI Scores and Ratings, Little Tennessee River Basin. NC
Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Water Quality Section,
Environmental Sciences Branch: World ~Iide Web. Accessed on June 19, 2003.
http:/ /www.esb.e:nr.state.nc.us/IBIrate.htm
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ), 1999.. Internal Guidance Manual,
Stream Classification Method, 2"d version. North Carolina Department o£
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management;
Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDW~, 1995, Guidance for Rating the
Values of Wetlands in North,Carolina - 4~' Version. North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental,Management; ...
Raleigh, NC. - ,
North Carolina State University (NCSU),1999. Soil Systems. in North Carolina. Technical
Bulletin 314. Soil Science Department, Raleigh, NC'.' . ~; .
North. Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (N.CWRC), 2003. North Carolina Atlas of
Freshwater Mussels and Endangered Fish. Wildlife Species and Conservation.
World Wide Web: http: / /www.ncwildlife.orgLpg07 Wil'dlifeSpeciesCon/ .
pgZbl.httn. Accessed on January 27, 2003.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and. C. R.~Bell, 1968: Manual of the Vascular Flora of the
Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Rohde, Fred C., Rudolf G. Arndt, David G. Lindquist, and James. F. Parnell; 1994.
Freshwater Fishes of the Carolinas, Virginia, .Maryland, and Delaware. University of
NorthCarolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
a
D..,~„ '2A ..F 2S

Schafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley, 1990. Classificaticin of the Natural Communities of
~. North Carolina; A Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
Division~of Parks and Recreation, Department of Environment, Health and Natural
Resources, Raleigh, NC. ~ ,
.Sherrill, Michael L., 1997. Soil Survey of Jackson County. Soil Conservation Service, United
. States Department of Agriculture
Stokes, Donald and Lillian, 1996: Stokes Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Little,
Brown, and Company, New York, NY.
j
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 1992. Endangered and Threatened Species of the
Southeastern United States (I'he Red Book), Regiotl ~. Schweinitz's Sunflower
... ..
(Helianthx.r~chrveinit~iz): Department of the Interior, Division of Endangered Species.
..
U.S. Geological. Survey (USGS), 2003. NWISWeb Data. fox North Carolina. , World Wide
Wf~}l' }~tth• ~ ~~nofar~el-n „ar.~ .~.... /., .. /.-........ /... ~_. _.v __ /

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Prepared For. SOIL MAPPING UNITS
~'°p ~~'~ B-4349
Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388

Table 1. Existing Soils - Bridge Maintenance, Jackson Co.
Notes;
W = Well drained
Available
Water High Shrink- Site
Taxonomy Slope Hydric Draihage Capacity Water swell Index
Symbol Series (Subgroup) (%) Permeability Class. Class. (in) Table Potential Productivity

ChF Cheoah Typic 50-95 moderately rapid - W .moderate >6 ft Low 74-103
channery Haplumbrept
loam
JtF Junaluska- Typic Hapludult 50-95 moderate - W moderate >6ft Low 52-86
Tsall -
complex
SrD Spivey- Typic 15-30 moderately rapid - W moderate >6ft Low BO-100
Santeetlah Haplumbrept
complex
SrE Spivey- Typic ~ 30-50 moderately rapid ~ - W low tc >6ft . Low 80-100
$anteetlah Haplumbrept moderate
complex

Yable 2. Protected Species Listed for Jackson County, North Carolina
Habitat
Federal State Preferred Available in
Common Name Scientific Name Status Status Habitat Study Area

Vertebrates
Appalachian Bewick's Thryomanes FSC E Woodland borders or openings, Yes
wren bewickii altus farmlands or brushy fields, at high
elevations [breeding season only]
Brown Creeper Certhia americana - SC Mountain high elevation forests, favoring No
spruce-fir mixed with hardwoods.
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus - E Nests in high mountain cliffs. No
Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus - SC Rocky, upland forests. No
Green salamander Aneides aeneus FSC . E Damp, shaded crevices of cliffs or rock No
outcrops in deciduous forests (southern
mountains)
Hellbender Cryptobranchus FSC SC Large and clear fast-flowing streams Yes
afleganiensis
Northern pine snake Pituophis FSC _ Sandhills with pines and scrub oaks, and No
melanofeucus sandy flatwoods
Olive darter Percina squamata ~ FSC SC Tennessee drainages Yes
Wounded Darter Etheostoma - SC Streams of Little Tennessee system; Yes
vulneratum perhaps extirpated from French Broad
system.
Rosyside dace Clinostomus FSC SC Little Tennessee drainage Yes .
funduloides sp. 1
"Sicklefin" redhorse Moxostama sp. FSC SR (PT) Little Tennessee,and Hiwassee Rivers No

Yellowfin Shiner Notropis lutipinnis - SC Savannah, Little Tennessee, and Broad Yes
drainages in NC [only the Savannah and
Little Tennessee drainages are listed as
~~tr i~ Yy-~ ~ 5'~~i''~~11~~1 y ~~ ~r '.?~~ ~'

Southern Appalachian
. Poecile atricapillus FSC SC
High elevation forests mainly spruce-fir ..
No
black-capped chickadee practicus [breeding season only]
Southern Appalachian. Loxia curvirostra
red crossbill
Southern Appalachian Aegolius acadicus
saw-whet owl
Southern Appalachian Sphyrapicus varius
yellow-bellied sapsucker appalaciensis
Southern Appalachian Neotoma floridana
woodrat haematoreia
FSC SC Coniferous forests, preferably spruce-fir No
FSC T Spruce-fir forests or mixed No
hardwood/spruceforwts (for nesting)
[breeding season only)
FSC SC Mature, open hardwoods with scattered
dead trees [breeding season only]
FSC SC Rocky places in deciduous or mixed
forests, in southern mountains and
adjacent Piedmont
Yes
Yes
1

Wounded darter Etheostoma FSC SC Streams of Little Tennessee system; Yes
vulneratum perhaps extirpated from French'Broad .•
system
Southern rock vole Microtus FSC SC Rocky areas at high elevations, forests No
chrotorrhinus or fields
carolinensis
Invertebrates
Engraved Covert Fumonelix Orestes - T Plott Balsam mountains (endemic to this No
area).
Smoky Mountain Covert Inflectarius ferrissi - T'" Great Smoky Mountains and Plott No
Balsams (endemic to these ranges).
Wavy-rayed lampmussel Lampsilis fasciola - SC French Broad, Pigeon, and Little No
• Tennessee Rivers; currently known only
in the Little Tennessee River.
Black mantleslug Pallifera hemphilli - SC" High elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir. No
Dwarf proud globe Patera clarki - SC"' Southwestern NC mountains, west of the Yes
foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment.
Rainbow 'Villosa iris - SC French Broad, Hiwassee, and Little No
. Tennessee Rivers; currently only known
in the state from the Little Tennessee
River.
Oconee stream crayfish Cambarus - SC Streams in the Savannah drainage No
chaugaensia (endemic to northwest SC and adjacent
NC, GA)
Little Tennessee River Cambarus - SC Streams in the Little Tennesee River ~ Yes
crayfish georgiae drainage.
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria diana FSC SR Rich woods and adjacent edges and Yes
openings; believed extirpated from the
lower Piedmont; host plants -- violets
(Viola )
r=renci-~ Broad crayfish Cambarus FSC - Nloderately'flowing streams in No
reburrus headwaters
Tawny crescent butterfly Phyciodes batesii FSC' SR Rocky ridges, woodland openings, at No
maconensis higher elevations; host plants -- asters,
mainly Aster undulates
Whitewater crayfish Dactyloctythere FSC SR Cold streams of Savannah drainage in No
ostracod prinsi Jackson County (endemic to NC, but
possible iri adjacent SC and GA)
Vascular Plants
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC - Prefers rich, moist soils, along stream Yes
courses, also on rocky hills.
Carolina saxifrage Saxifraga FSC SR-T high to middle elevation moist cliffs and No
caroliniana rock outcrops
2

Cuthbert's turtlehead Chelone cuthbertii FSC SR-L Found in bogs No
Divided-leaf ragwort Senecio FSC T Found on granitic domes and other No
millefolium outcrops
Fraser fir Abies fraseri FSC - High elevation peaks (>4921 ft) in the No
southern Appalachians, Often occurs
with red spruce (Picea rubens), but the •
relative dominance of fir increases above
6234 ft, and A. fraseri occurs in almost
pure stands on exposed summits and
ridges.
Eraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC E Found in forests, on roadsides Yes
Glade spurge Euphorbia FSC SR-T Forests, especially over mafic rock No
purpurea
Gorge filmy fern Hymenophyllum FSC - • Restricted to deeply sheltered, No
tayloriae continuously moist habitats in the
southern Applachians. Only a few,.
extremely small sites have been found.
Granite dome goldenrod Solidago simulans FSC - Endemic to granitic domes ih the vicinity No
of the NC-SC-GA tristate boundary.
Occurs at only a few sites, only one of
which is protected.
Lobed barren-strawberry Waldsteinia lobata FSC` - High steep slopes, terraces above No
watercourses with constant high humidity
and shade. Often part of the shallow
mantle of moss and duff that covers
boulders or river bluff ledges;
characterized by stands of
Rhododendron spp. and mountain laurel
(Kalmla latifolia).
Mountain bittercress Cardamine FSC SR-T Moss or moist soil in or along rocky No
clematitis stream banks or seeps within spruce and
spruce-fir-hardwood forests at elevations
above 1370 m
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata FSC SR-T Rich slopes, cove forests, montane oak- Yes
hickory forests
Mountain thaspium Thaspium FSC' - Occurs in forests and woodlands with No
pinnatifidum calcareous bedrock
Radford's sedge Carex radfordii FSC - Calcareous, often rocky, well-drained No
soils of mesic cove forests and
woodlands; most known sites are on
very nutrient-rich, alkaline or neutral soils
from weathered rocks of the Brevard or
Chauga Belt.
Southern Oconee bells Shortia galacifolia FSC E-SC Streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in No
var. galacifolia humid gorges.
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis FSC - SR-T Found in dry forests and on bluffs Yes
odorata
3

Tall larkspur
Ctioldenseal
Delphinium
exaltatum
Hydrastis
canadensis
Prairie dropseed Sporobolus
heferolepis
Appalachian filmy-fern Trichomanes
boschianum
Dwarf filmy-fern Trichomanes
petersii
Mottled trillium Trillium discolor
Torrey's mountian-mint Pycnanthemum
torrei
Non-Vascular Plants
A liverwort
A liverwort
Highlands moss
Amrnons's tortula
A liverwort
Plagiochila
suliivantii var.
spinigera
Plagiochila
caduciloba
Schlotheimia
lancifolia
Tortula
ammonsiana
Plagiochila
suliivantii var.
suliivantii
A liverwort
A liverwort
A liverwort
A liverwort
Gorge moss
Pagiochila sharpii
Plagiochila
virginica var.
caroliniana
Spenolobopsis
pearsonii
Chiloscyphus
appalachianus
Bryoorumia
vivicolor
FSC E-SC Grassy baids, glades, woodlands, mostly
over mafic rock
- E-SC Cove forests, other rich deciduous
forests in mountain and piedmont
regions.
- E Olivine barrens in mountain regions.
- T Mountain regions; spray zone of
waterfalls, seeps over rock.
- T Moist rocks in mountain gorges.
- T Rich mountain region coves in the
Savannah River drainage.
FSC` SR-T Found in dry upland forests and
woodlands, over mafic rocks
FSC SR-L On moist rocks in spray zones of
waterfalls
- E Rocks and streambanks in humid
gorges, spray zone of waterfalls.
- T' In mountains, found on bark of
hardwoods in cove forests.
- E Shaded rock faces, probably with
nutrient-rich seepage.
FSC - -
FSC SR-L. Damp rockfaces in humid gorges, high
elevation rocky summits
FSC SR-L Rockfaces in spray zone of waterfalls,
other moist rockfaces
FSC PE On bark of Fraser Firs in spruce-fir
forests
FSC SR-T On rock faces in spray zone of waterfalls
FSC E Rocks and streambanks in humid
gorges, spray zones of waterfalls
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Notes:
E Endangered A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
T Threatened A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
FSC Federal Species A species that may or may not be listed in the future (formerly C2 candidate species or species
of Concern under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient information to support listing.)
PE Proposed A species that has been formally proposed for listing as Endangered but has
Endangered not yet completed the legally mandated listing process.
4

. ~.
PT Proposed A species that has been formally proposed for listing as Threatened but has
Threatened not yet completed the legally mandated listing process. ,
SC Special Concern Any species of wild animal native or once-native to North Carolina which is determined by the N.C.
Wildlife Resources Commission to require monitoring but which may betaken under certain regulations.
SR Significantly Rare Any species which has not been listed by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission as Endangered,
Threatened, or Special Concem species, but which exists in the state in small numbers and has been
determined by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring.
C Candidatla Species which are very rare in North Carolina and are substantially reduced in numbers by habitat
destruction. They are also rare throughout their ranges and their fate depends on conservation in NC.
These species are likely to merit listing as Endangered or Threatened if habitat destruction continues.
-C Limited The range of the species is limited to NC and adjacent states (endemic or near endemic). These are
specleS which may have 20 to 50 populations in NC, but fewer than 50 populations rangewide.
-T Throughout .These species are rare throughout their ranges (fewer than 100 populations total)
Historic Record .The species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
Obscure Record The date the element was last observed in the county or quad is uncertain.

Page 1 of 5

~I
Page 3 of 5
B-4349
Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388
Jackson County
6. Looking east along Dick's Creek Rd. from Bridge No. 36.

Page 2 of 5
B-4349
Bridge No. 3b over Dick$ Creek on SR 1388
Jackson County

.. `
Page 4 of 5
7. Looking east at stream south of the bridge.

Page 5 of 5

d.w STATFu O V
~-- ~, ~~
F~~ 0~
~ ~ ~r oFN ~ © ~~
'~~,,.~• ~a'yoSq k, 4v lpp.,
NoS~~R~,v~q b
Mkq (i~Y
STATE of NORTH CAROLINA ~RB~ti
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
February 7, 2006
Mr. Steve Lund, NCDOT Regulatory Project Manager
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Q ` I ~ ~g v '~
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-2714
Subject: NW 23 Permit Application
Bridge Number 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek
Jackson County
State Project: B-4349 (DWQ Notification Only)
Dear Mr. Steve Lund:
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is proposing to replace Bridge
Number 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek (C, Tr) in Jackson County.. A permit was issued
previously for this project on January 15, 2002, Action Id. 200230107; however, that permit has
expired.
NCDOT proposes to replace this structure at the existing location. Traffic will be detoured by
employing a staged construction process allowing traffic on half of the bridge during
construction. The new bridge is designed to minimize impacts by implementing longer spans
and increasing hydraulic capacity. The removal of the existing structure shall be performed by
sawing and/or non-shattering methods such that debris will not fall into the water. All work will
be performed in a dry environment. Sandbag cofferdams will be used if necessary to ensure a
clean, dry work area, and to minimize impacts to aquatic habitats.
I am attaching the Categorical Exclusion document and a marked county map. The USGS map
location is in the CE document.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Database was checked for records of threatened and
endangered species. There are no records of threatened and endangered species for the entire
Dicks Creek watershed. However, the Tuckasegee River is occupied critical habitat for the
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and is approximately one mile from the project.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service consulted on this project and requested a mussel survey of

B-4349 on SR 1388 Page 2 February 6, 2006
the stream reach between the confluence of Dicks Creek with the Tuckasegee River to 100
meters above bridge 36. A mussel survey was completed on July 16, 2003. No native mussels
were found during this survey. This bridge will be replaced with another spanning structure that
will minimize long term impacts and will result in only very minimal impact during construction.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service concurred with a conclusion of `knot likely to adversely
affect" for the Appalachian elktoe provided measures on the attached Project Green Sheets are
adhered to.
The Office of State Archaeology determined that this project is unlikely to affect significant
archaeological resources since it is being constructed on existing location. The State Historic
Preservation Office has reviewed this project and found one property, Dicks Creek Baptist
Church, eligible for listing on the National Register. It was determined that this National
Register; eligible property would not be affected.
'Impacts to Waters of the United States
Dicks Creek is at least a 4th order stream at the project site with awell-defined channel and is
shown on the USGS topographic maps as a blue line stream. The stream supports fish, including
trout, and other aquatic organisms. The stream channel is composed of boulder, cobble and
gravel and lacks vegetation. For these reasons, we believe that Dicks Creek is under the
jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In order to construct the project, it will be
necessary to impact waters of the United States in the Little Tennessee River Basin. Specifically,
NCDOT is requesting to replace Jackson County Bridge No. 36 with a cored slab structure.
Listed below is a summary of the proposed impacts.
Site No.
Station Existing Condition Proposed Condition Net Impacts
Site 1 Western Existing End Structure Removal and Replace 0'
Bent and Associated Rip with Class II Rip Rap (50 LF)
Rap Fills (50 LF)
Site 2 Eastern Existing End Structure Removal and Replace 0'
Bent and Associated Rip with Class II Rip Rap (50 LF)
Rap Fills (50 LF)
Total net impact from new structure = 0 Sq. Ft.
Since the existing bank stabilization and end bent removal of 50 linear feet is equal to the
placement of SO linear feet of rip rap associated with the new bridge, there will be no net impact.
Therefore, there will be no mitigation required for this project.
The best management practices will be used to minimize and control sedimentation and erosion
on this project. The construction foreman will review all erosion control measures daily to
ensure sedimentation and erosion is being effectively controlled. If the planned devices are not

B-4349 on SR 1388 Page 3 February 6, 2006
functioning as intended, they will be immediately replaced with better devices. All commitments
on the Project Green Sheets will be adhered to.
Permits Requested
NCDOT is hereby requesting authorization under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act to proceed
with the construction project outlined above. By copy of this letter, I am asking Ms. Marla
Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC) to comment directly to you concerning the 404 Nationwide Permit
request. Additionally, I am asking Ms. Chambers and Mr. Ed Ingle, Roadside Environmental
Field Operations Engineer (NCDOT), to comment directly to me concerning this permit request.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at [phone].
Your early review and consideration will be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely,
~_ ~_
C.D. Lee, EI
Division 14 Bridge Maintenance Engineer
cc: ~,~Ir. John Hennessy, DWQ, DENR Raleigh (2 Courtesy Copies)
Ms. Marla Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, NCWRC
Mr. Joel Setzer, P.E., Division Engineer, NCDOT, Sylva
Mr. Mark Davis, Division Environmental Officer, NCDOT
Mr. E. L. Ingle, Roadside Environmental Field Operations Engineer, NCDOT

.
SFr ~
s ~ ~~
PROJECT COMNIITMENTS 'y~os ~;F, ~ ~ <~
gQ~rw ~~6'
SR 13 8 8 ~~9jk~'~•
Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek 'Qiy~
Jackson County y
Federal-aid Project No. PFH-1388(2)
State Project No. 8.2961501 (WBS PE 33679.1.1)
T.LP. No. B-4349
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 Conditions, the General Nationwide
Permit Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional Conditions, State Consistency
Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for the Protection of
Surface Waters, Design Standards for Sensitive Watersheds, Erosion and Sediment
Control Guidelines for Contract Construction, Best Management Practices for Bridge
Demolition and Removal, General Certification Conditions, and Section 401 Conditions
of Certification, the following special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
Division 14
Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters will be strictly adhered to.
Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to design standards for sensitive
watersheds. .
The NCWRC has identified prohibitions against in-stream activities for the project area
due to the presence of several aquatic species currently, protected under state and federal
laws as well as for protection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In-stream
activities and land disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-meter) trout buffer are prohibited
from January 1 through April 15 in order to prevent sedimentation from impacting fish
eggs and fry downstream of the project site.
Erosion and Sediment Control: The conditions described below are reiterated on the
erosion and sedimentation control plans, but are stated here for emphasis.
Sandbags filled with washed, small stone will be placed in the stream around the entire
construction area to filter any sediment that may enter the stream due to land disturbance
during construction. The sandbag. fabric will be specified to ensure that the tightest
available weave is used. Stones are preferred over sand to prevent the accidental or
incidental introduction of sand into the stream: The stone will be specified to ensure that
it is washed at the quarry and is the appropriate size for filtration. The sandbags will be
installed at the beginning of construction and left in place until construction is complete.
They will not form a weir or other obstruction that would significantly impede
downstream flow.
Once the existing bridge decks are removed, silt fencing will be installed on top of the
existing concrete vertical abutments and wing walls to prevent material excavated from
Green Sheet

' f,
behind the existing abutments from entering the stream. After excavation, the existing
abutments will be cut down to a level sufficient only to allow clearance for the new cored
slab to be installed. The remaining portions of the old abutments will be left in place to
minimize sedimentation and maintain the bank profile at the bridge. The old abutments
will-remain higher than the normal water level. By leaving the existing abutments in
place, disturbance to the stream bank and stream bed are minimized and the probably of
long term erosion is substantially improved. The existing bridge superstructures (decks)
.will be removed from the top, piece by piece, to prevent introduction of the bridge
material into the stream.
The use of rip rap will be limited to the ends of the new wing walls and the excavated
area between the old and new vertical abutments..Filterfabric will be installed under the
rip rap. No rip rap will be placed in the stream.
Silt fencing will be installed at the tops of banks where appropriate to minimize overall
sedimentation.
Green Sheet

CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
TIP Project No. B-4349
State Project No. 8.2961501 (WBS PE 33679.1.1)
Federal Project No. PFH-1388(2)
A. Project Description:
This project replaces Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek in Jackson
County. The existing 26-foot, single-span bridge will be replaced with a
single-span bridge 50 feet in length and approximately 30 feet wide. The new
bridge will be stage constructed in order to maintain traffic on-site during
construction.
B. Purpose and Need:
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Bridge Maintenance
Unit records indicate that Bridge No. 36 has a sufficiency rating of 10.3 and is
structurally deficient. The clear roadway width is 19.2 feet. The bridge
superstructure is comprised of a timber deck supported by steel I-beams. The
substructure consists of timber end bents. The timber sills are partially
encased. The timber posts of the end bents display evidence of decay and
moderate levels of rust appears on the I-beams. The edge of the stream flows
into and along abutment No. 1. Replacement of the bridge is necessary due to
its deteriorating condition.
C. Proposed Improvements.:
The following Type II improvements which apply to the project are circled.:
1. Modernization of a highway by resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, adding shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g., parking,
weaving, turning, climbing).
a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and Reconstructing
pavement (3R and 4R improvements)
b. Widening roadway and shoulders without adding through
lanes
c. 1`/Iodernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge, auxiliary, and turn
lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
f. Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets, and drainage
pipes, including safety treatments
g. Providing driveway pipes

h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than one through
lane)
2. Highway safety or traffic operations improvement projects including the
installation of ramp metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guardrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey type barriers and
pier protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators
f. Upgrading medians including adding or upgrading median
barriers
g. Improving intersections including relocation and/or
realignment
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j. Performing clear zone safety improvements including
removing hazards and flattening slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hardware including bridge rail retrofit
O Bridge rehabilitation, rcconstniction or replacement or the construction of
grade separation to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
Oa. Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing bridge approach
4. Transportation corridor fringe parking facilities.
5. Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest area.
6. Approvals for disposal of excess right-of--way or for joint or limited use of
right-of--way, where the proposed use does not have significant adverse
impacts.
7. Approvals for changes in access control.
8. Construction of new bus storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no red lead paint),
scour repair, fender systems, and minor structural
improvements
Od. Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
2

r
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and located on or near
a street with adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and support
vehicle traffic.
9. Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail and bus buildings and
ancillary facilities where only minor amounts of additional land are
required and there is not a substantial increase in the number of users.
10. Constriction of bus transfer facilities (an open area consisting of
passenger shelters, boarding areas, kiosks and related street
improvements) when located in a commercial area or other high activity
center in which there is adequate street capacity for projected bus traffic.
11. Construction of rail storage an maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and where there is no
significant noise impact on the surrounding community.
12. Acquisition of land for hardship or protective purposes, advance land
acquisition loans under section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hardship and
protective buying will be permitted only for a particular parcel or a limited
number of parcels. These types of land acquisition qualify for a CE only
where the acquisition will not limit the evaluation of alternatives,
including shifts in alignment for planned construction projects, which may
be required in the NEPA process. No project development on such land
may proceed until the NEPA process has been completed.
D. Special Project Information:
Estimated Costs:
Total Construction $ 210,000
Right-of--Way $ 0
Total $ 2 i 0,000
Estimated ')i'raffic:
Current 2003 - 300 vehicles per day
Year 2030 - 700 vehicles per day
TTST - 2%
Dual - 1
Accidents: According to crash records for the three-year period froth
12/01/1999 to 11/30/2002, no crashes were reported in the vicinity of the
bridge.
3

r
Design Speed: 50 miles per hour
Functional Classification: Rural Local Route
School Buses: Two school buses cross Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 each day.
Division Office Comments:
Road closure is not possible on this project, as no detour route is available.
The new bridge should be stage constructed to maintain traffic on-site during
construction. One lane of traffic is acceptable during the construction period.
Bridge Demolition:
In order to protect the water quality and aquatic life in the area affected by this
project, the NCDOT and all potential contractors should follow appropriate
guidelines for bridge demolition and removal. These guidelines are presented
in three NCDOT documents entitled Pre-Construction Guidelines for Bridge
Demolition and Removal, Policy: Bridge Demolition and Removal in Waters
of the United States, and Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition
and Removal (BMPs-BDR) (all documents dated 9/20/99). Guidelines
followed for bridge demolition and removal are in addition to those
implemented for Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface
Waters (BMPs-PSW).
The proposed project is a Case 2 category as defined in the NCDOT's BMPs -
BDR. The Case 2 category allows no work at all in the water. during
moratorium periods associated with fish migration, spawning, and larval
recruitment into nursery areas. The NCWRC has identified prohibitions
against in-stream activities for the project area due to the presence of several
aquatic species currently protected under state and federal laws as well as for
protection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In-stream activities and
land disturbance within the 25-foot (7.6-meter) trout buffer are prohibited
from January 1 through April 15 in order to prevent sedimentation from
impacting fish eggs and fry downstream of the project site.
Offsite Detour: Because SR 1388 is a dead-end road an on-site detour is
required. The bridge will be stage-constructed so that traffic can be
maintained throughout the construction period.
E. Threshold Criteria:
The following evaluation of threshold criteria must be completed for Type II
actions.
ECOLOGICAL
YES NO
(1) Will the project have a substantial impact on any unique
or important natural resource? X
4

(2) Does the project involve habitat where federally listed
endangered or threatened species may occur? a
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish? ^
X
(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the amount of
permanent and/or temporary wetland taking less than

one-third (1/3) of an acre and have all practicable
X
~l
L~l
measures to avoid and minimize wetland takings been
evaluated?
(5) Will the project require the use of U.S. Forest Service ^
lands? X
(6) Will the quality of adjacent water resources be adversely
impacted by proposed construction activities? X
(7) Does the project involve waters classified as Outstanding
Water Resources (OWR) and/or High Quality Waters ^
(IdQW)? X
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of the United States
in any of the designated mountain trout counties? X
(9) Does the project involve any known underground storage
tanks (UST's) or hazardous materials sites? X
PERMITS AND COORDINATION YES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA county, will the
project significantly affect the coastal zone and/or any X
"Area of Environmental Concern" (AEC)?
(11) Does the project involve Coastal Barrier Resources Act ^
resources? X

(12) Will a U.S. Coast Guard permit be required? ~ X
(13) Will the project result in the modification of any existing ^
regulatory floodway? X
5

1
(14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel
changes? X
SOCIAL ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES YES NO

(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts to plamled
growth or land use for the area? X
(16) Will the project require the relocation of any family or
business? X
(17) Will the project have a disproportionately high and
adverse human health and envirorunental effect on any
minority or low-income population? X
(18) If the project involves the acquisition of right of way, is
the amount of right of way acquisition considered minor? X
(19) Will the project involve any changes in access control? ~ X
(20) Will the project substantially alter the usefulness and/or
land use of adj acent property? X
(21) Will the project have an adverse effect on permanent local
traffic patterns or community cohesiveness? a X
(22) Is the project included in an approved thoroughfare plan
and/or Transportation Improvement Program (and is,
therefore, in conformance with the Clean Air Act of X
1990)?
(23) Is the project anticipated to cause an increase in traffic
volumes? X
(24) Will traffic be maintained during construction using ^
existing roads, staged construction or on-site detours? X
(25) If the project is a bridge replacement project, will the
bridge be replaced at its existing location (along the ^
existing facility) and will all construction proposed in X
association with the bridge replacement project be
contained on the existing facility?
6

f
(26) Is there substantial controversy on social, economic, or
environmental grounds concerning the project?
(27) Is the project consistent with all Federal, State, and local
laws relating to the environmental aspects of the project?
(28) Will the project have an "effect" on structures/properties
eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic
Places?
(29) Will the project affect any archaeological remains, which
are important to history or pre-history?
~,
t^
'~~
~ ~_
(30) Will the project require the use of Section 4(f) resources
(public parks, recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl
refuges, historic sites, or historic bridges, as defined in X
Section 4(f) of the U.S. Department of Transportation Act
of 1966)?
(31) Will the project result in any conversion of assisted public
recreation sites or facilities to non-recreation uses, as X
defined by Section 6(f) of the Land and Water
Conservation Act of 1965, as amended?
(32) Will the project involve construction in, across, or
adjacent to a river designated as a component of or
proposed for inclusion in the Natural System of Wild and X
Scenic Rivers?
F. Additional Documentation Required for Unfavorable Responses in Part E
(Discussion regarding all unfavorable responses in Part E should be provided
below. Additional supporting documentation may be attached, as necessary.)
(2) Habitat is present in the project area for the Appalachian elktoe
(Alasmidonta ~•aveneliana), which is listed as Endangered by the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. Surveys were conducted by qualified mussel specialists
and no specimens of this species were located. According to the mussel
survey report, the proposed bridge replacement drains to habitat outside the
project area occupied by this species. Efforts will be taken to avoid any
downstream impacts that could result from project construction. Additional
information is provided in Appendix B.
(2) Habitat for the small-whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) is available in
large portions of the general project vicinity. At the project site, suitable
habitat potentially exists in the cove forest adjacent to Dicks Creek. However,
7

frequent disturbance due to yard waste dumping on the south side of the road,
and heavy foot traffic near the pedestrian access on the north side of the road
would inhibit the growth of small-whorled pogonia. Appropriate habitat for
small-whorled pogonia does not exist in the right-of--way areas adjacent to
Dicks Creek Road. A search for small-whorled pogonia was conducted during
site visits on April 2, 2003 and July 29, 2003. Even though this was not the
expected bloom period of mid-May to inid-June, no plants with the vegetative
characteristics ofsmall-whorled pogonia were observed in the search corridor.
Agency letters in response to the project scoping letters are provided in
Appendix A. Additional supporting documentation is provided for
informational purposes in Appendix B.
An addendum to the Iistoric Architectural Resources Survey Report is
included in Appendix B. The addendum is for Dick's Creek Baptist Church,
which is located in the project vicinity. The church is eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places. The addendum notes that the church
property is approximately one acre in size. Additional research of the property
deed revealed that it is 0.52 acre. A revised figure showing the correct
boundary is included in Appendix B. A concurrence form stating that the
project will not affect the property is provided in Appendix A.
8

r
CE Approval
1'IP Project No. I3-4349
State Project No. 8.2961501
Federal-aid Project No. PFH-1388(2)
Project Description:
This project replaces Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek in .Tackson
County. The existing bridge will be replaced with asingle-span bridge 50 feet
in length and approximately 30 feet wide. The new bridge will be stage
constructed in order to maintain traffic on-site during construction.
Categorical Exclusion Action Classification:
TYPE II (A)
TYPE II (B)
Approved:
12 1~ b5
Date
tall~lbs
Date P ject
For Type II (B) projects only:
Engineers and
NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit
Date Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
9

1
APPENDIX A

DEC-06-2005 1540 fJCDOT OHE-ONE 919 715 1501 P.02i03
f
F'ederul Aid # PF[I-1388(Z) TIP # B-4349 Gourtty: Jaclson
C'UNCURRENCE FUKM F'UR ,ASSESSMENT OF IFFF,CTS
Project Description: Replace Brid~;c No. 36 on 5K 1388 over Dick's Creek
Un Dec:ember G, 2005, representatives of the
North Carolina Department pf Transportation (NCDOT)
[~ Federal IIighway Administration (FHWA)
[~ North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (HPO)
(~ .Other
Kcviewed the subject project araa agreed
Q "Chcrc are no effects on the National Register-listed property/properties located within the
,project's area of potential effect and listed on the reverse.
There are no effects on the National Reb*istc;r-eligible property/properties located within
the project's ue:a of potential effect and listed on. the reverse.
There is an effe<;t nn the National Rcgislcr-listed property/properties locatca within the
project's area of potential effect. 1~'hc property/properties and the effect(s) are listed on
the re:vcrsc.
There is an effua on the Nationaal Register-cli~ble property/properties located within the
project's area of potential effect. The property/properties and effect(s) are listed on the
reverse.
Si~mca:
~- 12 (~ ZD
Kc~preseatati NC UT Date
FHWA, for the Division-Administrator, or other Federal Agency
Date
Representative, Hl'U Date
State l;Iistoric Preservation Officer Date

DEC-06-2005 15 41 NCDOT OHE-OIJE
919 715 1501 P.03i03
1
!~'edera! /(id # PFII-1388(2)
TIP # B-4349 Curtnty: 3ackson
Properties within the area of potential effect for which there is no eft'ect. Indicate if property is
National R,e~;ister-listed (NR) or de:termitted eligible (llB).
i ~ c.'s Gr-.~~.~ ~ ~ s-~ C~unc.~ C ~
~D 1 ~
I'ropertics within the Area of potential t;ffc:ct for which there is an effect. Indicate property stator;
(NR or hl r) and describe the effect.

Reason(s) why the effect is not advrr~c (i (' applicable).
Initialed: NC170T ~`~ PIIWA _ ~l-~ HPQ.~~
TOTAL P.03

f
.~r
J~
•~.~,~.• SEP i 6 ~0~5
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA~'~, T~=,i'~1~ ~~ ~~ ?~AN;~,~GRT`~T1C~N
DEPARTT~r OF TRANSPORTATt~3~'~ ~;r'dge ~~~``~"`~
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GU V ERNUit
September 13, 2005
Mr. Peter B. Sandbeck
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
4617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-4617
Dear Mr. Sandbeck:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
RE: B-4349, Replace Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 over Dick's Creek, Jackson County,
State Project # 8.2961501, FA # PFH-1388(2)
Thank you for your letter of May 3, 2005 providing comments on the survey report for
this project. In that letter you did not concur with our finding of ineligibility for Dick's
Creek Baptist Church. Instead, you stated that the church, despite the alterations, is
significant under Criterion A for its association with the development of a small rural
community. We concur with the eligibility finding and include with this letter the historic
boundary description, boundary justification, and map for the church.
Please review the attached documentation and provide your comments. If you have any
questions concerning the accompanying information, please contact me at 715-1620.
Sincerely,
Mary Pope utr
Historic Architecture Section
Attachment
Cc (w/ attachment):
Mike Summers, Bridge Maintenance, NCDOT
John Sullivan III, P.E., Adminstrator, FHWA
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] PARKER LINCOLN BUILDING
OFFICE OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 2728 CAPITAL BOULEVARD, SUITE 168
1583 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW.NCDDT.ORG RALEIGH, NC 27604
RALEIGH NC 27699-1583

f
t
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WII.DLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
September 13, 2004
Mr. Mike Summers, Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:
Subject: Endangered Species Concurrence for Bridge Replacements (B-4348, Bridge No. 156 on
SR 1388, and B-4349, Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388) over Dicks Creek, Jackson County,
North Carolina
As requested by Mulkey, Inc., for the North Carolina Department of Transportation, we have
reviewed the project enviroiunental commitments, natural resources information, and biological
conclusions for federally protected species for the subject projects. The following comments are
provided in accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
According to the information provided, the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe
(Alasmidonta rave~leliana) occurs approximately 1 mile downstream of the project sites in the
Tuckasegee River. Due to the close proximity to occupied habitat, a mussel survey was
conducted in Dicks Creels from its confluence with the Tuckasegee River to 100 meters upstream
of the project area. No native freshwater mussels were located during this survey. Although no
mussels were found during survey, we were concerned about potential direct and indirect effects
from the demolition of the existing structures and the design and construction of the replacement
structures.
We have reviewed plans for erosion control and demolition of the existing structures. Provided
the "green sheet" commitments are implemented and strictly adhered to, we concur with your
conclusion of "not likely to adversely affect" for the Appalacluan elktoe for the subject projects.
We believe the requirements under section 7(c) of the Act are fulfilled. However, obligations
under section 7 of the Act must be reconsidered if: (1) new information reveals impacts of this
identified action that may affect listed species or critical habitat in a manner not previously
considered, (2) this action is subsequently modified in a manner that was not considered in this

1
review, or (3) a new species is listed or critical habitat is determined that maybe affected by the
identified action.
If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at
828/258-3939, Ext. 237. In any future correspondence concerning these projects, please
reference our Log Numbers 4-2-03-346 (B-4348) aizd 4-2-03-347 (B-4349).
Sincerely,
-P
~~

Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor

f

/~~~e
/~
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
September 18, 2003
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
Subject: Endangered Species Concurrence for Two Bridge Replacements--B-4348, Bridge
No. 156 on SR 1388, and B-4349, Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388--over Dicks Creek,
Jackson County, North Carolina
As requested by Mulkey, Inc. (for the North Carolina Department of Transportation), we have
reviewed the natural resources information and biological conclusions for federally protected
species for the subject projects. The following comments are provided in accordance with the
provisions of section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C.
1531-1543) (Act).
According to the information provided, the federally endangered Appalachian elktoe
(Alasmidonta raveneliana) occurs approximately 1 mile downstream of the project sites in Dicks
Creek, a tributary to the Tuckasegee River. Due to the close proximity of the sites to occupied
habitat, a mussel surve}~ was conducted in Dicks Creek from its confluence with the Tuckasegee
River to 100 meters upstream of the project area. No native freshwater mussels were located
during this survey.
Although no mussels were found during the survey, there is still the potential for direct and
indirect effects from the demolition of the existing structures and the design and construction of
the replacement structures. As such, we cannot concur with a "not likely to adversely affect"
determination at this time. When information regarding the actions associated with these two
projects becomes available, we will provide further comments.

t
If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at
828/258-3939, Ext. 237. In any future correspondence concerning these projects, please
reference our Log Numbers 4-2-03-346 (B-4348) and 4-2-03-347 (B-4349).
Sincerely,
J
Lynx---
Brian P. Cole
Field Supervisor
cc:
Mr. Steve Lund, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Ms. Marla J. Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 12275 Swift Road, Oakboro, NC 28129
Ms. Cynthia Van Der Wiele, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Division of Water Quality, Wetlands Section, 1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC
27699-1621
Mr. Mike Summers, Project Manager, Bridge Maintenance Unit, North Carolina Department of
Transportation, 1565 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1565

f
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
July 25, 2003
Mr. Mike Summers
Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:
Subject: Proposed Bridge Replacement Projects in Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, and
Haywood Counties, North Carolina
As requested in your letter of May 1, 2003, we have reviewed the subject projects and provide
the following comments in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 661-667e), and section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
The maps included with your letter frequently did not contain adequate landmarks to be able to
easily fmd the project locations., Future maps or project descriptions should portray or reference
notable landmarks to enable the projects to be easily located. Additionally, there was reference
to demolition information in your cover letter, but it was not enclosed with our package.
The information we received for these eight projects does not include descriptions of the
structures that will replace the existing bridges nor does it include any environmental information
regarding the streams or whether habitat assessments or surveys for rare species have been
conducted for any of these projects. Therefore, our comments are limited primarily to the known
locations of listed species and federal species of concern. When the categorical exclusions are
prepared and more information is available regarding environmental effects, we can offer more
substantive comments.
Enclosed is a species list for the four counties included in this package. This list provides the
names of species on the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants as well
as federal species of concern. Federal species of concern are not legally protected under the Act

t
and are not subject to any of its provisions, including section 7, unless they are formally proposed
or listed as endangered or threatened. We are including these species in our response to give you
advance notification and to request your assistance in protecting them if any are found in the
vicinity of your projects. Our records indicate the following:
Cherokee County:
In general, while there are no known locations of the Indiana bat in the vicinity of
these projects, if trees will be cleared for these projects, habitat should be assessed
for this species; if suitable habitat is present, further surveys may be required.
Project B-3430 (Log No. 4-2-03-343) -Our records indicate known occurrences
of the sicklefin redhorse (Moxostoma sp.l) in Hanging Dog Creek. Although the
sicklefm redhorse currently is a federal species of concern, its status is under
review. This species maybe elevated to candidate status for federal listing. We
recommend surveying the project area for this species prior to any further
planning or on-the-ground activities. We also strongly recommend that this
bridge be replaced with another spanning stricture.
Pr~ect B-3431 (Log No. 4-2-03-344) -Our records indicate no known locations
of listed species in the project area. However, we recommend conducting habitat
assessments and sw-veying any suitable habitat in the project area for these species
prior to any further planning or on-the-ground activities to ensure that no adverse
impacts occur.
Jackson County:
~:'i~oiect 8-4347 (Log No. 4-2-03-345) -Our records indicate that there are known
locations of the green salamander (Aneides aeneus), a federal species of concern,
near the proposed project. We recommend conducting habitat assessments and
surveying any suitable habitat in the project area for this species prior to any
fiirther nla.nning or on-the-~routul activities to ensure that no adverse impacts
occur.
Project B-4348 (Log No. 4-2-03-346) and Project 8-4349 (Log No. 4-2-03-347) -
Dick's Creek is a tributary to the Little Tennessee River, and it flows into
occupied habitat and designated critical habitat for the endangered Appalachian
elktoe (Alasmidonta raveniliana). Given the proximity of these projects to the
Little Tennessee River, we recommend surveying for listed mussels in Dick's
Creek prior to any on-the-ground activities. If mussels are located, additional
consultation will be required.

f
i
Transylvania and Haywood Counties:
Proiect B-4690 (Log No. 4-2-03-348), Project B-4691 (Log No. 4-2-03-349), and
Project B-4692 (Log No. 4-2-03-350) -Our records indicate no known locations
of listed species in the project areas. However, we recommend conducting habitat
assessments and surveying any suitable habitat in the project areas for these
species prior to any further planning or on-the-ground activities to ensure that no
adverse impacts occur.
We are interested in the types of structures that will replace these existing bridges and would
recommend spamung structures, preferably bridges, in all cases. In addition, off-site detours are
preferable to temporary on-site crossings in order to reduce stream-bank disturbance. We look
forward to reviewing the completed categorical exclusion documents.
If you have questions about these comments, please contact Ms. Marella Buncick of our staff at
828/258-3939, Ext. 237. In any fixture correspondence concerning these projects, please
reference the log numbers assigned with our comments about each of thorn.
Sincerely,
~.
Brian P. Cole
State Supervisor
Enclosure
cc:
Mr. Steve Lund, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Asheville Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton
Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Ms. Marla J. Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, 12275 Swift Road, Oakboro, NC 28129
Ms. Cynthia Van Der Wiele, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality, Wetlands Section, 1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC
27699-1621

1
~:N.D~-tNGI+~RTD, TIIREA'TENEll, ANll CANDIDATE SPECIES AND FEDERAL
SPECIES OF CONCERN, CHEROKE +,, JACKSON, TI2.ANSYLVANIA,
AND HAYWOOD COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
This list was adapted from the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's County Species List. It is a
listing, for Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, and Haywood Counties, of North Carolina's federally listed
and proposed endangered, threatened, and candidate species and Federal species of concern (for a
complete list of rare species in the state, please contact the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program).
The information in this list is compiled from a variety of sources, including field surveys, museums and
herbaria, literature, and personal communications. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's
database is dynamic, with new records being added and old records being revised as new information is
received. Please note that this list cannot be considered a definitive record of listed species and Federal
species of concern, and it should not be considered a substitute for field surveys.
Critical habitat: Critical habitat is noted, with a description, for the counties where it is designated or
proposed.
Aquatic species: Fishes and aquatic uivertebrates are noted for counties where they are known to occur.
However, projects may have effects on downstream aquatic systems in adjacent
counties.
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
CHEROKEE COUNTY
Vertebrates
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)'
Rafuiesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii FSC
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Elotched chub F.,rim}~st~zx insisn~is FSC
~.~~~ ~ ~;. s~~~lamaiid~r Err; ~~-~~~~r<<junala~s/ca I~SC
~icniei~n" redhorse Moxostoma sp. 1 FSC
Indiana bat Myotis sodalis Endangered
(summer habitat)
Olive darter Percina squamata FSC
Northern pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus FSC*
Invertebrates
Hiwassee crayfish Cambarus hiwasseensis FSC
Parrish crayfish Cambarus parrishi FSC
Tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri FSC**
'hemlessee heelsplitter Lasmigona holstonia FSC*
Knotty rocksnail Lithasia christyi FSC
Littlewing pearlymussel Pegias fabula Endangered**
Tennessee clubshell Pleurobema oviforme FSC
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria Jana FSC
Cumberland bean Villosa trabalis Endangered
Vascular Plants
Small whorled pogonia I.sotr•ia medeoloides Threatened
White fringeless orchid Platanthera integrilabia C 1
~~
Januury 29, 2003 Page 1 of 6

f
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata FSC
Hairy blueberry Vaccinium lzirsutum FSC
JACKSON COUNTY
Critical habitat Designation: Appalachian elktoe, Alasmidonta raveneliana -The
main stem of the Tuckasegee River (Little Tennessee River system), from the N.C. State
Route 1002 Bridge in Cullowhee, Jackson County, North Carolina, downstream to the
N.C. Highway 19 Bridge, north of Bryson City, Swain County, North Carolina.
Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include: (i) Permanent, flowing,
cool, clean water; (ii) Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; (iii) Pool, riffle,
and run sequences within the channel; (iv) Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and
bedrock substrates with no more than low amounts of fine sediment; (v) Moderate to
high stream gradient; (vi) Periodic natural flooding; and (vii) Fish hosts, with adequate
living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl
Green salamander
Rosyside dace
Hellbender
Wounded darter
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
"Sicklefin" redhorse
Indiana bat
Southern Appalachian woodrat
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee
Olive darter
Northern pine snake
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied
sapsucker
Appalachian Bewick's wren
Aegolius acadicus FSC
Aneides aerleus FSC
Clinostonsus funduloides ssp. 1 FSC
Cryptobr•anchus alleganiensis FSC
Etheostoma vulneratum FSC
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Loxia curvirostr•a FSC
Moxostoma sp. 1 FSC
Myotis sodalis Endangered
(winter records)
Neotoma floridana haematoreia FSC
Poecile atricapillus practicus, FSC
Percina squamata FSC
Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus FSC
Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
Thryomanes bewickii altus FSC
Invertebrates
Appalachian elktoe
French Broad crayfish
Whitewater crayfish ostracod
Tawny crescent butterfly
Diana fritillary butterfly
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir
Mountain bittercress
Radford's sedge
Cuthbert's turtlehead
Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered
Cambarus reburrus FSC
Dacryloctythere prinsi FSC
Phycoides batesii maconensis FSC
Speyeria diana FSC
Abies fraseri FSC
Cardamine clematitis FSC
Carex radfor•dii FSC
Chelone euthbertii FSC
January 29, 2003 Page 2 of 6

f
COMMON NAIVIE SCI2/NTTFIC NAME STATUS
Tall larkspur
Glade spurge
Swamp pink
Gorge filmy fern
Small whorled pogonia
Butternut
Fraser's loosestrife
Sweet pinesap
Torrey's mountain-mint
Carolina saxifrage
Divided-leaf ragwort
Mountain catchfly
Granite dome goldenrod
Mountain thaspium
Lobed barren-strawberry
Nonvascular Plants
Gorge moss
Rock gnome lichen
A liverwort
A liverwort
A liverwort
A liverwort
TR.ANSYLVANIA. COUNTY
Delphinium exaltatum FSC
Euphorbia purpurea FSC
Helonias bullata Threatened
Hymenophyllum tayloriae FSC
Isotria nledeoloides Threatened
Juglans cinerea FSC
LySInlaChla fraS2r1 FSC
Monotropsis odorata FSC
Pycnanthemum torrei FSC*
Sax~~aga caroliniana FSC
Senecio millefolium FSC
Silene ovata FSC
Solidago simulans FSC
Thaspium pinlzat~dunl FSC*
Waldsteinia lobate FSC*
Bryocrumia vivicolor
Gymnoderma lilieare
Plagiochila sullivantii var. spinigera
Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii
Plagiochila virginica var. carolinialza
Sphenolobopsis pearsonii
FSC
Endangered
FSC
Fsc
FSC
FSC
Critical Habitat Designation: Appalachian elktoe, Alasn:idonta raveneliana -The
main stem of the Little River (French Broad River system), from the Cascade Lake
''r_~~x~~.r Pl.~r!t, do~~~~n~.;.reax:~~ to its confl~~ence. with th~:; Frrnclz Broad River.
Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include: (i) Permanent, flowing,
cool, clean water; (ii) Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; (iii) Pool, riffle,
and run sequences within the channel; (iv) Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and
bedrock substrates with no more than low amounts of fine sediment; (v) Moderate to
hinh stream gradient; (vi) Periodic nah~ral floodinn; and (vii) Fish hosts, with adequate
living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl
Green salamander
Bog turtle
Rafinesque's big-eared bat
Hellbender
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Southern Appalachian red crossbill
Southern Appalachian woodrat
Southern Appalachian black-capped
chickadee
Aegolius acadicus FSC
Aneides aeneus FSC
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)1
Corynorhinus rafinesquii FSC*
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Loxia curvirostra FSC
Neotoma floridana haematoreia FSC*
Poecile atricapillus practices FSC
January 29, 2003 ~ • Page 3 of 6

r

COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
STATUS
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
sapsucker
Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus obscurus FSC
Appalachian Bewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii altus FSC*
Invertebrates
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered
French Broad crayfish Cambarus reburrus FSC
Oconee crayfish ostracod Cymocythere clavata FSC
Oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis Endangered
Margarita River skimmer Macronsia margarita FSC
Diana fritillary butterfly Speyeria dia~ia FSC*
Transylvania crayfish ostracod Waltoncythere acuta FSC
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir Abies fraseri FSC
Alexander's rock aster Aster avitus FSC
Cuthbert's turtlehead Chelone cuthbertii FSC
Spreading avens Geum radiatum Endangered
Smoky Mountain mannagrass Glyceria nubigena FSC
Swamp pink Helonias bullata Threatened
French Broad heartleaf Hexastylis rhombiformis FSC
Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Threatened
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Fraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis odorata FSC
Flatrock panic grass Panicum lithophilum FSC*
Mountain sweet pitcher plant Sarracenia jonesii Endangered
Southern oconee-bells Shortia galacifolia var, galacifolia FSC
Lobed barren-strawberry Waldsteinia lobata FSC
Nonvascular Plants
Gorge moss Bryocrumia vivicolor FSC
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineage Endangered
A liverwort Plagiochila sharpii rSC
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila virginica var. caroliniana FSC
HAYWOOD COUNTY
Critical Habitat Designation: Spruce-fir moss spider, Microl:exura montivaga -
Critical habitat designated (see the July 6, 2001, Federal Register, 66:35547-35566).
Critical Habitat Designation: Appalachian elktoe, Alasmidonta raveneliana -The
main stem of the West Fork Pigeon River (French Broad River system), from the
confluence of the Little East Fork Pigeon River, downstream to the confluence of the
East Fork Pigeon River, and the main stem of the Pigeon River, from the confluence of
the West Fork Pigeon River and the East Fork Pigeon River, downstream to the
N.C. Highway 2] 5 Bridge crossing, south of Canton, North Carolina.
January 29, 2003 Page 4 of 6

C011vYION N:~NJl SCIENTII'IC NAMl+, STATUS
Within these areas, the primary constituent elements include: (i) Permanent, flowing,
cool, clean water; (ii) Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks; (iii) Pool, riffle,
and run sequences within the channel; (iv) Stable sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and
bedrock substrates with no more than ]ow amounts of fine sediment; (v) Moderate to
high stream gradient; (vi) Periodic natural flooding; and (vii) Fish hosts, with adequate
living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
Vertebrates
Southern Appalachian saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus FSC
Bog turtle Clemnrys mulzlenbergii T(S/A)'
Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis FSC
Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis FSC
Cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea FSC
Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Endangered
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened
(proposed for delisting)
Southern Appalachian red crossbill Lnxia curvirostra FSC
Southern rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis FSC
Gray bat Myotis grisescens Endangered
Southern Appalachian woodrat Neotoma floridana haematoreia FSC
Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister FSC
Southern Appalachian black-capped Poecile atricapillus practicus FSC
chickadee
Eastern cougar Puma concolor couguar Endangered*
Southern water shrew Sorex palustris punctulatus FSC
Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius appalaciensis FSC
sapsucker
Appal.~.clai~.n cc~~toralil Sylvil ,,~, .-'~srirrtrs FSC
•-~~-~ ' .~i~~iaa 1ewick's wren ~ ,~~.~;r.anes vewickii altus FSC
Invertebrates
Appalachian elktoe Alasmidonta raveneliana Endangered
Spruce-fir moss spider Microhexura naontivaga Endangered
Tawny crescent butterfly Phyciode,r batesii maconen,sis FSC*
.. I,y 5;~~,: ; ::...';~aaa FSC
Vascular Plants
Fraser fir Abies,fraseri FSC
Piratebush 13uckleya disticophylla FSC
Mountain bittercress Cardamine clematitis FSC
Tall larkspur Delphinium exaltatunt FSC*
Glade spurge Euphorbia purpurea FSC
Smoky Mountain mannagrass Glyceria nubigena FSC
Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Threatened
Butternut Juglans cinerea FSC
Fraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC
Torrey's mountain-mint Pycnanthemum torrei FSC*
IZugel's ragwort Rugelia nudicaulis FSC
Carolina saxifrage Sax~aga caroliniana FSC
January 29, 2003 Page S of 6

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata FSC
Alabama least trillium Trillium pusillum var. 1 FSC
Nonvascular Plants
Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare Endangered
A liverwort Plagiochila sharpii FSC
A liverwort Plagiochila sullivantii var. sullivantii FSC
A liverwort Sphenolobopsis pearsonii FSC
KEY:
Status Definition
Endangered A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
Threatened A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
C1 A taxon under consideration for official listing for which there is sufficient information to
support listing.
FSC A Federal species of concern--a species that may or may not be listed in the future (formerly
C2 candidate species or species under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient
uiformation to support listing).
T(S/A) Threatened due to similarity of appearance (e.g., American alligator )--a species that is
threatened due to similarity of appearance with other rare species and is listed for its protection.
These species are not biologically endangered or threatened and are not subject to Section 7
consultation.
Species with 1, 2, 3, or 4 asterisks behind them indicate historic, obscure, or incidental records.
*Historic record -the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
**Obscure record -the date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
***Incidental/miexant record -the species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat.
****Ilistoric record -obscure and incidental record.
'In the November 4, 1997, Federal .Register (55822.55825), the northern population of the bog turtle (from Ncw
York south to Maryland) was listed as T (threatened), and the southern population (from Virginia south to Georgia)
was listed as T(S/A) (threatened due to similarity of appearance). The T(S/A) designation bans the collection and
interstate and international commercial trade of bog turtles from the southern population. The T(S/A) designation
has no effect on land-management activities by private landowners in North Carolina, part of the southern
population of the species. In addition to its official status as T(S/A), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service considers
the southern population of the bog turtle as a Federal species of concern due to habitat loss.
January 29, 2003 Page 6 of 6

f

111A
Tennessee Valley Authority, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902-1499
September 9, 2003
Mr. Mike Summers
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:
REQUEST FOR COMMENTS ON BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECTS, B-3430
and B-3431 IN CHEROKEE COUNTY; B-4348 AND B-4349 IN JACKSON COUNTY;
B-4690 AND B-4691 IN TR.ANSYLVANIA COUNTY, AND B-4692 IN HAYWOOD
COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
TVA has reviewed the elevation and plan drawings provided in your letter of July 8, 2003,
on the proposed bridge replacements. Based on the plans provided, the following bridges
would not require Section 26a approval because they do not create a new obstruction and
are within the same alignment:
B-3430, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Hanging Dog Creek, tributary to
Hiwassee Reservoir, Cherokee County
B-3431, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Cook Creek, tributary to Hiwassee
Reservoir, Cherokee County
B-4348 and B-4349, SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road) over Dicks Creek,
Tuckasegee River tributary, Jackson County
B-4692, SR 1334 (Max Patch Road) over Wesley Creek, Pigeon River tributary,
Haywood County
The following projects would substantially widen the existing bridge by addition of lanes
and would still appear to require Section 26a approval:
B-4690 and B-4691, SR 1324,(Tanasee Gap Road) over Tucker Creek, French
Broad River tributarynsylvania County

1

Mr. Mike Summers
Page 2
September 9, 2003
We will confirm these determinations when we review the Categorical Exclusion
documents and the final selected alternative during our permit review. If merger teams are
established for any of the projects, please include TVA in the coordination for the
project. In addition, if an envu-onmental assessment is to be prepared for any project,
please contact TVA for consideration as a cooperating agency in the project.
Should you have any questions, please contact Harold M. Draper at [phone] or
hmdraper@tva..gov.
Sincerely,
/~ ~
Jon M. ney,gvl~anager
NEPA Administration
Environmental Policy and Planning
cc: Mr. John Sullivan, Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleig'.a, North Carolina 27601

~.
NA
Tennessee Valley Authority, 400 West Summlt Hill Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37902-1499
May 23, 2003
Mr. Mike Summers
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:
REQUEST FOR COMMENTS ON BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECTS,
TENNESSEE RIVER WATERSHED, CHEROKEE, HAYWOOD, JACKSON, AND
TRANSYLVANIA COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
TVA has reviewed the maps provided in your letter of May 1, 2003, on the proposed
bridge replacements at 8 sites: ,
• *B-3430, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Hanging Dog Creek, tributary to
Hiwassee Reservoir, Cherokee County
• *B-3431, SR 1331 (Beaver Dam Road) over Beaver Dam Creek, tributary to
Hiwassee Reservoir, Cherokee County
• B-4347, SR 1107 (Whiteside Cove Road) over Norton Mill Creek, Jackson
County. No TVA approval is needed for this action in the Chattooga River
(Savannah River) watershed.
• *B-4348 and *B-4349, SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road) over Dicks Creek,
Tuckasegee River tributary, Jackson County
• *B-4690 and *B-4691, SR 1324 (Tanasee Gap Road) over Tucker Creek,
French Broad River tributary, Transylvania County
• *B-4692, SR 1334 (Max Patch Road) over Wesley Creek, Pigeon River
tributary, Haywood County
*Depending on final design and alignment, TVA approval may be needed.
Based on the information provided, we are not aware of any unique environmental
features at the bridge replacement sites. The categorical exclusion documents
prepared for these projects should note that an approval under Section 26a of the TVA
Act may be needed for bridge construction (except for the B-4347 project). If merger
teams are established for any of the projects, please include TVA in the coordination

1
..
Mr. Mike Summers
Page 2
May 23, 2003
for the project. In addition, if an environmental assessment is to be prepared for any
project, please contact TVA for consideration as a cooperating agency in the project.
Should you have any questions, please contact Harold M. Draper at [phone] or
hmdraperC~tva.gov.
Sincerely,
~ ~''`9
Jon M. L ey, Manager
NEPA Administration
j Environmental Policy and Planning
Enclosure
cc: Mr. John Sullivan, Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
310 .New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Palei!~h, I`Jc~rth CarolinZ 27F~1

Enclosure
Typical Interactions During Project Development
• Send scoping notice to NEPA Administration. TVA will reply to scoping .
notices and indicate that a Section 26a approval is needed, there is other
potential TVA involvement in the project, or explain that there is no TVA
involvement.
• Include TVA as a member of Section 404 Merger Teams for the
Tennessee River Watershed.
• Include TVA NEPA Administration on invitation list for monthly
Interagency Coordination meetings.
• Send monthly 13-month let list to NEPA Administration
• Include TVA as a "cooperating agency" in NEPA and SEPA documents
that require TVA permits or land use approvals
• Send a copy of the preliminary draft of the EA or EIS to TVA NEPA
Administration for comment prior to public release and approval. TVA will
reply within the specified time frame, generally within three weeks.
• TVA will reply to merger team correspondence and environmental
documents with comments or reply that all the environmental issues are
addressed and that it has no comments.
• Send a copy of the publicly released EA or EIS to TVA.
® TVA may comment. If no comments are received during the review
period, NCDOT will assume that TVA has no further comments.
• Include TVA in Section 7 Endangered Species Act consultations. Notify
TVA if formal consultation is undertaken, including a Biological
Assessment and Biological Opinion. This will allow TVA to ensure that
the incidental take permit is issued in the name of TVA as well as FHWA.
• Include TVA in consultations under Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act. If u Memorandum of Agreement is prepared, provide
TVA an opportunity to be a signatory.
• Send a copy of the CE, FONSI, FEIS or ROD to TVA when completed.

C\To~:~:.--tl~_ 4'_:tst.x-c~;~:7C~~. ;~:y~~~~,~~,~--~x~~xx.t o~"c"
C xx~sz air o z~x. ~x~ ~ ~-x~t ~.~.x ~ I`T a-~txx~~.~. ~. ~ ~. c~-c.a_ x:',._. ~; ~~r
_ _ _ _
Y ..~ I'~. l~^~ mow„ 074_ ~~X.l R"~_ ~~ ~.,"~ ._~r.:' '~~_~~ x_ Fem. ~ x: ":~. '~:' ~. ~~}~:5;
AZichael F. Easle}~, Governor
~'4'illiam G. Ross Jr., Secretary
David S. ~~ogel, Director
ME)\~ORANDUM: May 19, 2003
TO: Melba McGee
FROM: David Harrison ~%?~~-z'`
SUBJECT: NCDOT Bridge keplacement Projects
The NC Department of Transportation is preparing the planning and environmental
studies for 16 bridge replacement projects in Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Haywood, Jackson,
TvlcDow~~11, Rutherford, Stanl}', Surry, Transylvania and Yadkin Counties.
If construction is restricted to existing right-of--ways, there should be no impact to Prime
or Statewide Important Farmland. Any acquisition of additional right-of--ways for increase size,
capacity or changes in approach could affect Prime or Statewide Important Farmland. In that
case, the environmental assessment should include information on adverse impacts.
1: ~_ l'.~~' .. i r±: '. ~:i:; ;.:r)i)ii .:,'' .FalSill~i?Ji1 1:; tJ.~.:~Cl C%i. ii1S; 5011 Ser]eS and
not on its current land use. Areas that are developed or are within municipal boundaries are
exempt from consideration as Prime or Important Farmland. `~
l ur additional information, eons.:;.. ~:,~ ~,,;1; ,y~:cialists wi~il ui:; itiatural kesources
Conservation Service, USDA, Raleigh, NC at [phone].
Cc: Mike Summers, NCDOT
16I4 Mail Sersrice Ceater, Raleig~i, Nortfa. Carol3aac 2?699-16~4~
Phone: 93L9 -733-232 \ F,~?~: 9Z9 -'T.E ~" 559
Zriterrtet: irru~usr_enr.rtate_rac.u~/~hTR/Zy5'ShrC/
A.'h .,"'G~UA_L. C1F-pO RT',_S2~T22"S' \ A.F'.z"2RhL F TS'Y~ Fa C,"~ ZON EZKPLO YER
^:O% 2~cECYCL~Z, / 1tS°.6 QGST CON6UM~F. PA.pER
1

o~~~ W A r~9pL
~ ~
~ _ v _~. -i
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
Coleen H. Sullins, Deputy Director
Division of Water Quality
July 10, 2003
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mike Summers, Project Manager
NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit
FROM: Cynthia F. Van Der Wiele, NCDOT Coordinator (~V C1~
SUBJECT: Scoping Review of NCDOT's proposed bridge replacement projects: B-3430, B-3431, B-4347,
B-4348, B-4349, B-4690, B-4691, and B-4692 in Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania and Haywood
Counties.
In reply to your correspondence dated May 1, 2003 (received June 19, 2002) in which you requested comments
for the referenced projects, the NC Division of Water Quality has the following comments:
I. General Comments Re~ardin~ Bride Replacement Proiects
1. If corrugated metal pipe arches; reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are used to replace the
bridge, then DWQ recommends the use of Nationwide Permit No. 14 rather than Nationwide Permit 23.
2. Bridge demolition should be performed using Best Management Practices developed by NCDOT.
3. DWQ prefers spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require work within the stream and do
not require stream channel realignment. The horizontal and vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for
human and wildlife passage beneath the structure, does not block fish passage, and does not block navigation t
canoeists and boaters.
4. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream; stormwater should be directed across the
bridge and pre-treated through site-appropriate means (grassed swales, pre-formed scour holes, vegetated
buffers, etc.) before entering the stream. Please refer to NCDOT Best Management Practices for the
Protection of Surface Waters
5. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream. Concrete is mostly
made up of lime (calcium carbonate) and when in a dry or wet state (not hardened) calcium cazbonate is very
soluble in water and has a pH of approximately 12. In an unhazdened state concrete or cement will change the
pH of fresh water to very basic and will cause fish and other macroinvertebrate kills.
6. If possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
7. If temporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to original ground
elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed areas should be seeded or mulched to
stabilize the soil and native tree species should be planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10'. If
possible, when using temporary structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the area with
chain saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat intact,
allows the area to re-vegetate naturally and minimizes disturbed soil.
8. A clear bank (rip rap-free) area of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of the steam underneath the
bridge.
tits
N. C. Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certiiwation Uut,
] 650 Mai] Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
[phone] (phone), 919-733-6693 (fax), (h~://hlo.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands)
Customer Service #: 1-877-623-6748

r
9. Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect water resources must be implemented prior
to any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be maintained regularly, especially following rainfall
events.
10. Bare soil should be stabilized through vegetation or other means as quickly as feasible to prevent sedimentation
of water. resources.
11. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area. Sandbags, rock berms,
cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where possible to prevent excavation in flowing
water.
12. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in order to minimize
sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants uito streams. This equipment should
be inspected daily and maintained to prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants,
hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
IL General Comments if Renlacin~ the Bridge with a Culvert
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for aquatic life and fish passage. Generally; the culvert or pipe invert .
should be buried at least 1 foot below the natural streambed (measured from the natural thalweg depth)::.If ~ •
multiple barrels are required, barrels other than the base flow barrel(s) should be placed on or near stream ?` ~'
bankfiill or floodplain bench elevation (similar to Lyonsfield design). These should be reconnected to~'!~~'.
floodplain benches as appropriate. This may be accomplished by utilizing sills on the upstream end to"'restrict
or divert flow to the base flow barrel(s). Silled barrels should be filled with sediment so as'not to cause noxious
or mosquito breeding conditions. Sufficient water depth should be provided in the base flow barrel during low
flows to accommodate fish movement. If culverts are longer than 40-50 linear feet, alternating or notched
baffles should be installed in a manner that mimics existing stream pattern. This should enhance aquatic life
passage: 1) by depositing sediments in the barrel, 2) by maintaining channel depth and flow regimes, and 3) by
providing resting places for fish and other aquatic organisms. In essence, the base flow barrel(s) should provide
a continuum of wafer depth and charmel wi:'.th without substantial modifications of velocity.
,:~:.
....,.~~;;2, If multiple pipes ox cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to remain dry during normal
. flows to allow for wildlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated along the existing channel alignment whenever possible to avoid channel
~..: realignment. Widening the stream channel must be avoided. Stream channel widening at the inlet or outlet
end of. structures t,/nic~tll~~ r.'~~:cr~~ases water ~~c'ocity causing sediment deposition that requires increased
maintenance and disrupts aquatic life passage.
4. Riprap should not be placed in the active thalweg channel or placed in the streambed in a manner that
precludes aquatic life passage. Bioengineering boulders or structures should be professionally designed,
sized, and installed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location with road closure. If road
closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the
need for clearing and to avoid destabilizing stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old
structure should be removed and the approach fills removed from the 100-year floodplain. Approach fills should
be removed down to the natural ground elevation. The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. Tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas. If the area that is reclaimed was previously
wetlands, NCDOT should restore the area to wetlands. If successful, the site may be used as wetland mitigation
for the subject project or other projects in the watershed.

1
III. Project-Specific Comments
B-3430 Bride 43 over Han~in~ Doi Creek; Cherokee Co.
Although this stream is listed as Class C, there are significant aquatic resources (Federal and State listed species
of concern). DWQ would prefer this bridge to be replaced with a bridge and the use of BMPs (particularly for
sediment and erosion control) to be maximized.
B-3431 Bride No. 45 over Beaver Dam Creek, Cherokee Co.
This stream contains several significant aquatic resources (Federal and State listed species of concern, threatened
and endangered species). DWQ would prefer this bridge to be replaced with a bridge and the use of BMPs
(particularly for sediment and erosion control) to be maximized.
Bailey Fork Creek is listed as WS-IV. There are 30-foot vegetated buffer requirements in WS waters in addition
to the requirements to minimize storm water runoff and maximize use of BMPs. Refer to 15A NCAC 2B
.0216(3)(b)(i)(F) and (G).
B-4347 Bride No. 3 over Norton Mill Creek, Jackson Co,
Norton Mill Creek is classified as C Tr +. The + sign indicates that this drains to Outstanding Resource Waters.
Since ORWs represent the State's highest water quality classification, DWQ would hope that a spanning structure
is planned for this crossing. In addition, there are numerous Federal and State listed species in the project
vicinity. Finally, we would stress that NCDOT should use the highest possible BMPs for protecting this resource.
B-4348 Bride No. 15G and B-4349 Bridge No. 3G over Dicks Creek, Jackson Co.
DWQ is aware that there may be mussel populations on this site as well as Federal and State listed species of
concern. We recommend a spanning structure and maximizing the use of BMPs to minimize damage to these
aquatic resources. If NCDOT is replacing these structures with culverts, you should be awaze that this involves
two impacts to the same stream-impacts must be added together and mitigation may be required.
B-4G90 Bridge No. 55 and B-4G91 Bridge No. 59 over Tucker Creek, Translyvarzia Co.
If NCDOT is replacing these structures with culverts, .you should be aware that this involves two impacts to the
same stream-impacts must be added together and mitigation may be required.
B-4G92 Bridge 283 over Wesleys Creek, Haywood Co.
DWQ does not have any special concerns. Please refer to general recommendations listed above.
Thank you for requesting our input at this time. The DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires that appropriate measures be instituted to ensure that water quality standards are met and
designated uses aze not degraded or lost. If you have any questions or require additional information, please
contact Cynthia Van Der Wiele at [phone].
pc: John Hendrix, USACE Asheville Field Office
Chris Militscher, USEPA
Marla Chambers, NCWRC
File Copy

f
s
® North CarolinaWildlife Resources Commission ~
Charles R Fullwood, Executive Director
TO: Mike Summers, Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit, NCDOT
FROM: Marla Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator 7~ ~~~e~r~--
Habitat Conservation Program, NCWRC
DATE: June 26, 2003
SUBJECT: Scoping review of NCDOT's proposed bridge replacement projects B-3430, B-
3431, B-4347, B-4348, B-4349, B-4690, B-4691, B-4692 in Cherokee, Jackson,
Transylvania and Haywood Counties.
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has requested comments from
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Conunission (NCWRC) regarding impacts to fish and
wildlife resources resulting from the subject project. Staff biologists have reviewed the
information provided and have the following preliminary comments. These comments are
provided in accordance with the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C.
4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C.
661-667d).
Our standard recommendations for bridge replacement projects of this scope are as
follows:
1. We generally prefer spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require work
within the stream and do not require streani channel realignment. The horizontal and
vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human and wildlife passage beneath
the structure, does not block fish passage, and does not block navigation by canoeists and
boaters.
2. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream.
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream.
4. If possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries • 1721 Mail Service Center • Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
T le..l.,,.. e. /0101 717 1L27 e.,« 741 • ~.. e. /Q1Q1 71 ~.7LA7

Bridge Scopings
Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania., I=laywood Co.'s
June 26, 2003
5. I:ftemporary access roads or detours are constructed, they should be removed back to
original ground elevations immediately upon the completion of the project. Disturbed
areas should be seeded or mulched to stabilize the soil and native tree species should be
planted with a spacing of not more than 10'x10'. If possible, when using temporary
structures the area should be cleared but not grubbed. Clearing the area with chain saws,
mowers, bush-hogs, or other mechanized equipment and leaving the stumps and root mat
intact, allows the area to revegetate naturally and minimizes disturbed soil.
6. A clear bank (riprap free) area of at least 10 feet should remain on each side of the steam
underneath the bridge.
7. In trout waters, the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission reviews all U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers nationwide and general `404' permits. We have the option of requesting
additional measures to protect trout and trout habitat and we can recommend that the
project require an individual `404' permit.
8. In streams that contain threatened or endangered species, Mr. Hal Bain with the NCDOT
- ONE should be notified. Special measures to protect these sensitive species may be
required. NCDOT should also contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for information
on requirements of the Endangered Species Act as it relates to the project.
9. In streams that are used by anadromous fish, the NCDOT official policy entitled "Stream.
Crossing Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage (May 12, 1997)" should be followed.
10. In areas with significant fisheries for sunfish, seasonal exclusions may also be
recommended.
i ] . ,~~_:~a1~;z~iai:.,,.; r:,r~d erosion; a>ntrol z~:eaures sullicient to protect aquatic resources must
be implemented prior to any ground disturbing activities. Structures should be
maintained regularly, especially following rainfall events.
12. Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil within
' ~ a~~,~~. ;~f .,.,~~~~d dist:ua~iz~g ac±i.;'~'. ,. t~~ provide long-term erosion control.
13. All work in or adjacent to stream waters should be conducted in a dry work area.
Sandbags, rock berms, cofferdams, or other diversion structures should be used where
possible to prevent excavation in flowing water.
14. Heavy equipment should be operated from the bank rather than in stream channels in
order to minimize sedimentation and reduce the likelihood of introducing other pollutants
into streams.

e
15. Only clean, sediment-free rock should be used as temporary fill (causeways), and should
be removed without excessive disturbance of the natural stream bottom when
construction is completed.

•
~- r~
Bridge Scopings 3
Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, Haywood Co.'s June 26, 2003
16. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and maintained to
prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids,
or other toxic materials.
If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for aquatic life and fish passage. Generally, the
culvert or pipe invert should be buried at least 1 foot below the natural streambed
(measured from the natural thalweg depth). If multiple barrels are required, barrels other
than the base flow barrel(s) should be placed on or near stream bankfull or floodplain
bench elevation (similar to Lyonsfield design). These should be reconnected to
floodplain benches as appropriate. This may be accomplished by utilizing sills on the
upstream end to restrict or divert flow to the base flow barrel(s). Silled barrels should be
filled with sediment so as not to cause noxious or mosquito breeding conditions.
Suff.cient water depth should be provided in the base flow ban•el during low flows to
accommodate fish movement. If culverts are longer than 40-50 linear feet, alternating or
notched baffles should be installed in a manner that mimics existing stream pattern. This
should enhance aquatic life passage: 1) by depositing sediments in the barrel, 2) by
maintaining channel depth and flow regimes, and 3) by providing resting places for fish
and other aquatic organisms. In essence, the base flow barrel(s) should provide a
continuum of water depth and channel width without substantial modifications of
velocity.
2. If multiple pipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to remain
dry during normal flows to allow for wildlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated along the existing channel alignment whenever
possible to avoid channel realignment. Widening the stream channel must be avoided.
Stream channel widening at the inlet or outlet end of structures typically decreases water
velocity causing sediment deposition that requires increased maintenance and disrupts
aquatic life passage.
4. Riprap should not be placed in the active thalweg channel or placed in the streambed in a
manner that precludes aquatic life passage. Bioengineering boulders or structures should
be professionally designed, sized, and installed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location
with road closure. If road closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and
located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the need for clearing and to avoid destabilizing
stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old structure should be removed
and the approach fills removed from the 100-yeaz floodplain. Approach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation. The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. Tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas. If the area that is reclaimed
was previously wetlands, NCDOT should restore the area to wetlands. If successful, the site may
be used as wetland mitigation for the subject project or other projects in the watershed.

Bridge Scopings 4
Cherokee, Jackson, Trans~~lvania, Haywood Co.'s June 26, 2003
Project specific comments:
1. B-3430, Cherokee Co., Bridge No. 43 over Hanging Dog Creek on SR 1331 (Beaver Dam
Road). Hanging Dog Creek is classified as C and is listed as significant aquatic habitat. The
hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), federal species of concern and state special
concern, has been observed downstream of the project area. A moratorium prohibiting ui-
streamwork and land disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is recommended from
January 1 to April 15 to protect the egg and fiy stages of rainbow trout. Sediment and
erosion control measures should adhere to the. design standards for sensitive watersheds.
2. B-3431, Cherokee Co., Bridge No. 45 over Beaver Dam Creek on SR 1331 (Beaver Dam
Road). Beaver Dam Creek is classified as C-Tr. The Hiwassee headwaters crayfish
(Cambarus parrishi), federal species of concern, is potentially present in the project area.
The knotty elimia (Elimia interrupta), state endangered, is potentially present downstream.
A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot trout
buffer is recommended from January 1 to April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages of
rainbow trout. Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to the design standards
for sensitive watersheds.
3. B-4347, Jackson Co., Bridge No. 3 over Norton Mill Creek on SR 1107 (Whiteside Cove
I:.oad). Norton. Mill Creek is classified as C-Tr -~-. Ni.~merous federal and slate listed plant
and animal species have been found in the vicinity of the project. Coordination with the
resource agencies is expected. A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land
disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is recommended from January 1 to April 15 to
protect the egg and fry stages of rainbow trout. Sediment and erosion control measures
~.~.'_;l adhere to it,,, dsi~n ~~t~,--;dards fox sensitiv~~: , rshec',~.
4. B-4348, Jackson Co., Bridge No. 156 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road).
Dicks Creek, classified as C-Tr, flows to the Tuckasegee River. Potentially present in the
project area are the smoky dace (Clinostomus funduloides), state special concern, and the
Little Tennessee River crayfish (Cambarus georgiae), state significantly rare. The olive
ciarlc ~ ". ,~~iaw~ . , i : _ ~-. ~ ~_~ ~ : , .corn and ,t ~' e.:,p:ecial concr~a~za, has been
observed near the mouth of Dicks Creek. Present in the Tuckesegee River are the
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana), federal and state endangered; wavy-rayed
lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola), state special concern; and wounded darter (Etheostoma
vulneratum), state special concern. A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land
disturbance within the 25-foot trout buffer is recommended from January 1 to April 15 to
protect the egg and fry stages of rainbow trout. Sediment and erosion control measures
should adhere to the design standards for sensitive watersheds.
5. B-4349, Jackson Co., Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road).
Same as B-4348 above.
F~
6. 8-4690, Transylvania Co., Bridge No. 55 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324 (Tanasee Gap
Road). A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot

Bridge Scopings 5
Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, Haywood Co.'s
June 26, 2003
trout buffer is recommended from October 15 to April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages of
rainbow and brown trout. Sedunent and erosion control measures should adhere to the
design standards for sensitive watersheds.
7. B-4691, Transylvania Co., Bridge No. 59 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324 (Tanasee Gap
Road). Same as B-4690 above.
8. B-4692, Haywood Co., Bridge No. 283 over Wesleys Creek on SR 1334. No special
concerns indicated. Standard requirements should apply.
We request that NCDOT routinely minimize adverse impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the vicinity of bridge replacements. The NCDOT should install and maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the life of the project and prevent wet concrete from
contacting water in or entering into these streams. Replacement of bridges with spanning
structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box culverts, is recommended in most cases.
Spanning structures allow wildlife passage along streambanks, reducing habitat fragmentation
and vehicle related mortality at highway crossings.
If you need fiu-ther assistance or information on NCWRC concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at [phone]. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects.
cc: Cynthia Van Der Wiele, DWQ
Marella Buncick, USFWS
Sarah Kopplin, NHP

REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF:
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
VViI.MINGTON DISTRT.C:T, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
151 PATTON AVENUE
ROOM 208
ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA 28801-5006
Regulatory Division June 10, 2003
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
Mi-. Mike Summers, Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1565
Subject: Scoping comments for proposed Division 14 bridge replacement projects
Dear Mr. Summers:
Reference your letter of May 1, 2003 regarding our scoping review and comments
on the following proposed bridge replacement projects:
1. TIP Project No. B-3430, Bridge No. 43 on SR 1331 over Hanging Dog Creek,
Cherokee County.
'+ , ' ~';:oject r?n. :-?~>~:' a ~ S,T' 1331 over B°avcr Dam Creek
L _, T>rid_,e No. 45 n;, . ,
Cherokee Cou~ity.
3. TIl' Project No. B-4347, Bridge No. 3 an SR 1107 over Norton Mill Road,
Jackson County.
4. TL' Project No. B-4348, Bridge No. 156 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek, Jackson
County.
_.. ..~ Project Ivo. B-4349, 13riu~., ~..,. ,; uu ,.: ~ 1388 over Dicks C;reek,lackson
County.
6. TIP Project No. B-4690, Bridge No. 55 on SR 1324 over Tucker Creek,
Transylvania County.
7. TIP Project No. B-4691, Bridge No. 59 on SR 1324 over Tucker Creek,
Transylvania County.
8. TIP Project No. B-4692, Bridge No. 283 on SR 1334 over Wesleys Creek,
Haywood County.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended, Department
of the Army (DA) permit authorization will be required for the discharge of excavated or
fill material in waters (and wetlands, if applicable) of the United States, including disposal
of construction debris. Specific permit requirements will depend on design of the projects,
t r

1
-2-
extent of fill work within the waters of the United States, construction methods, and other
factors.
Although these projects may qualify as a Categorical Exclusion, to qualify for
nationwide permit authorization under Nationwide Permit #23, the project planning report
should contain sufficient information to document that the proposed activity does not have
more than a minimal individual or cumulative impact on the aquatic environment. All
activities, including temporary construction, access, and dewatering activities, should be
included in the project planning report. Our experience has shown that replacing bridges
with culverts often results in sufficient adverse impacts to consider the work as having
more than minimal impacts on the aquatic environment. Accordingly, the following items
need to be considered and addressed in the planning and environmental studies far the
subject projects:
a. The studies/report should contain the amount of permanent and temporary
impacts to waters and wetlands as well as a description of the type of habitat that
will be affected by the proposed project.
b. Off-site detours are generally preferable to on-site (temporary) detours which
impact waters or wetlands. If an on-site detour is the recommended action,
justification should be provided that demonstrates that alternatives with lesser
impacts are not practicable. Please note that an onsite detour constructed on a
spanning structure can potentially avoid permanent impacts to waters or
wetlands and should be considered whenever an on-site detour is the
recommended action. For projects where a spanning structure is not feasible,
the NCDOT should investigate the existence of previous onsite detours at the
site that were used in previous construction activities. These areas should be
utilized for onsite detours whenever possible to minimize impacts. For proposed
projects and associated on-site detours that cause minimal losses of waters or
wetlands, a:n approved restoration and monitoring plan will be required prior to
issuance of a DA nationwide or Regional general permit. For proposed projects
and associated on-site detours that cause more than minimal losses of waters or
wetlands, an individual DA permit and a compensatory mitigation proposal for
the unavoidable impacts may be required.
c. Project commitments should include the removal of all temporary fills from
waters and wetlands and "time-of-year" restrictions on in-stream work if
recommended by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission.
d. All restored areas should be planted with endemic vegetation including trees, if

-3-
appropriate. For projects proposing a temporary onsite detour, the entire detour
area, including any previous detour from past construction, should be removed
in its entirety.
e. The report should provide an estimate of the linear feet of new impacts to
streams and wetlands, or other waters resulting from construction of the project.
f. If a bridge is proposed to be replaced with a culvert, NCDOT must demonstrate
that the work will not result in more than minimal impacts to the aquatic
environment, specifically addressing the passage of aquatic life including
fish. The work must also not alter the stream hydraulics and create
flooding of adjacent properties or result in unstable stream banks.
g. The report should discuss and recommend bridge demolition methods and shall
include the impacts of bridge demolition and debris removal in addition to the
impacts of constructing the bridge. The report should also incorporate the
bridge demolition policy recommendations pursuant to the NCDOT policy
entitled "Bridge Demolition and Removal in Waters of the United States" dated
September 20, 1999.
h. Lengthening existing bridges can often benefit the ecological and hydrological
functions of the associated wetlands and streams. In some cases bridge
approaches are connected to earthen causeways that were built over wetlands
and stre.•:3.;;~s. Replarin~ t?~~•~sc c~~use~va_ys ~.4-~',~~. longer bridges would allow
previously impacted waters, wetlands and floodplains to be restored. In an effort
to encourage this type of work, mitigation credit for wetland restoration
activities can be provided to offset the added costs of lengthening an existing
Projects should be screened to determine possible effects on federally protected
species, or cultural and historic resources known to occur in proximity to or
within counties of the project areas, and appropriate consultation/coordination
.initiated with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Endangered Species Act) or
the State Historic Preservation Officer (Historic Preservation Act) to comply
with the provisions of those regulations.

-4-
Should you have any questions please call Mr. John W. Hendrix in the Asheville
Regulatory Field Office at 828-271-7980, ext. 7.
Sincerely,
a~, r ~~.~j,,
John W. Hendrix
Project Manager

U.S. Department of
Horneland Security ',~'
E
United States
Coast Guard
Commander
United States Coast Guard
Fifth Coast Guard District
431 Crawford Street
Portsmouth, Va. 23704-5004
Staff Symbol: Oan-b
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: Lgonenberger~LANTD5.USCG.mil
16591
29 May 03
Mr. Mike Summers
Bridge Maintenance Unit
........................... _.... _
North Carolina Department of Transportation _ _,..._.__. _.._...
1565 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1565
Dear Mr. Summers:
This is in response to your letter dated May 6, 2003, regarding eight bridge replacement projects
in North Carolina.
The Coast Guard's main concern with proposed bridge projects is the impact they tnay have on
navigation and whether the projects will require a bridge permit. In order for us to determine if a
bridge permit is required for each proposed bridge replacement, please provide the following
information:
a. Tidal influence of each waterway.
b. Navigational use of each waterway.
c. The depth of water and width of each waterway.
d. A list of adjacent property -~i~ners at each waterway. .
Upon receipt of this information, we will inform you on the status of each bridge project. If you
should have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Mrs. Linda Bonenberger, Bridge
Management Specialist, at [phone].
:: ~t..erely i
1
r~ WAVERLY W. GORY, JR.
J~ Chief, Bridge Administration Section
By direction of the Commander
Fifth Coast Guard District

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
August 6, 2003
MEMORANDt1M
Division of Historical Resources
David J. Olson, Director
TO: Mike Summers, Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit
N.C. Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook ~ ~~~~
SUBJECT: Replace Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Road),
near Dillsboro B-4349, Jackson County, ER03-1338
Thank you for your letter of May 1, 2003, concerning the above project.
There are no recorded archaeological sites within the proposed project area. If the
replacement is to be located along the existing alignment and there is no on-site detour, it is
unlikely that significant archaeological resources will be affected and no investigation is
recommended. If, however, the replacement is to be in a new location, or an on-site detour
is proposed, an archaeological survey is recommended.
We recommend that a Department of Transportation architectural historian identify and
evaluate any structures over fifty years of age within the project area, and report the findings
to us.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for
Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the
above comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at
919/733-4763. In all future communication concerning this project, please cite the above
referenced tracking ntunber.
DB:bjs
www.6ao.dcr.state. cc. us
Location Mailing Address Telephone/Faz
ADN11N1STRATION 507 N. Blount SL, Raleigh NC 4617 Mail Service Center, RaJcigh NC 27699-4617 [phone] •733-865:
RESTOR.iT10N 515 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4613 [phone] • 715-480
SUKVEY & PLANNING 515 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4618 Mail Service Ccntcr, Raleigh NC 27699-4618 [phone] • 715-480

cc: Gregory Thorpe, NCDO'I'
Mary Pope Furr
Matt Wilkerson

Jackson County Public Schools
398 Hospital Road w~sO" cOo [phone]
Sylva, NC 28779 ~ ~% 1~ ~ Pax [phone]
<< ~ Cell Phone [phone]
C.E. McCar III Ed.D. o ''~,~ o"
Y 6 ° Winston C. Reed
Superintendent ~`c S`~ Transportation Director
Driver's Ed. Instructor
May 23, 2003
Mike Summers
NC Depart.-t>ent ~f Transpartaticn
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Summers:
Bus Transportation will not be affected by Bridge ## 3 on SR 1007; however,
Bridge # 156 and # 36 would affect two school bus routes by cutting them short and leave
us without access to the community.
We understand and appreciate the work toward improving our bridges and roads
~...,~ ~V111 wc:-~.- -., it}~1 VO~l F~i?V \V<~~~~ tx~u C'~, ~O ~. .^CT'"'n~;^1-~ t~l~ ;^, ~~T(, ~;r,
Sincerely,
Winston Reed
Transportation i)irector
Jackson ~;oul~~y Schools
F~lrccation is a Commitment: each child, each day, some way.

ADDENDUM
Historic architectural Resources Survey Report
Replacement of Bridge #36 on SR 1388 (Dick's Creek Road)
Over Dick's Creek
Jackson County
TIP NO. B-4349
Evaluation of National Register Eligibility
Following r.;view of the Historic Architectural Resources Survey Report for B-4349, the
HPO determined that Dick's Creek Baptist Church appears eligible for the National
Register under Criteria Consideration A: Religious properties and Criterion A for its
historical importance as the Dick's Creek community center, school, and church for over
one hundred years, and that it is significant for its association with the development of a
small rural community in Jackson County. The HPO found that most of the alterations to
the building are evidence of its community functions, and that it conveys integrity of
design, setting, workmanship, feeling, and association. In a memorandum to NCDOT
dated May 3, 2005, the HPO requested a National Register boundary description,
justification and map for Dick's Creek Baptist Church (Appendix B).
Boundary Description and Justification
The National Pegister-eligible boundary for Dick's Creek Baptist Church coincides with
the property lines of the one-acre parcel on which the church sits. This boundary
provides an appropriate setting for the church. The church faces northtivest and sits
approximately twenty feet from Dick's Creek Road (SR 1388), which constitutes the
northwest boundary of the property. The land slopes steeply upward immediately behind
the building. Most of the parcel is paved for parking. The parcel lacks significant
landscaping such as decorative trees and shrubs, walls, o: paths. An open metal picnic
shelter is located adjacent to the parking lot on the northeast side of the building. No
outbuildings are present on the site. No grave markers or burial sites were noted at the
site.
Boundary Map
The boundaries a,~e shown on the attached map.
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NATIONF,I_ REGISTER E~;OUNDARY
E-4349 FigUr~ t~9o.
Bridge No. 36 over Dick's Creek on SR 1388

Natural Resources
Technical Report
T.I.P. B-4349
Replace Bridge No. 36
on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek
Jackson County, North Carolina
State Project No. 8.2961501
(WBS PE No. 33679.1.1)
Federal-aid Project No. PHF-1388(2)
Prepared For:
North Carolina
Departra~ent of Transportation
P~~~F NO R ii1 C~R4<i
~~

O
~a ,`O
~,Q~ ~~~.
~FMTOF TRAN~~O
SepteYnber 2003
Project No. 2002290.01

.. <l~l..~: l . L.lil~lf:ilt"
1. Introduction ............................................................................................1
1.1 Project Description ................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Methodology ....................................................................... ..............2
.......................................
1.4 Qualifications of Principal Investigators ............................................................................. 4
2.. P1lysical It.esou.rces .................................................................................5
2.1 Soils .....................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Water Resources ..................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Physical Resource Impacts ..........................................
...............................................:........12
2.4 Aesthetic Values ....................................................................................................................13
3. Biotic Resources ...................................................................................14
3.1 Vegetation and Plant Communities ...................................................................................14
3.2 Terrestrial Wildlife ................................................................................................................16
3.3 Aquatic Habitats and Wildlife .............................................................................................17
3.4 Biotic Resource Impacts ......................................................................................................18
`~`'~.~:ers o,f ti-~~ CJni.te~i State- .,.,.. ............... .........................................?.Q
~.i Surface ~/'aters .......................................................................................................................20
4.2 Jurisdictional Wetlands ........................................................................................................ 20
4.3 Impacts to Waters ................................................................................................................. 21
4.4 Permit Requirements ..................................................................................................:......... 21
4.5 1VLitigatioii ............................................................................................................................... 22
5. Rare anti Protected Species......... ....... ....................,.....................,.....,2
5.1.1 Appalachian elktoe (.Ala.rmidonta raveneliana) ........................................................... 24
5.1.2 Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaarcomyr sabrinur coloratu.r) ............................. 25
T' ~~,
5.1.5 Swamp pink (Helonia.r blrllata) ........................................:.......................................... 28
5.1.6 Small-whorled pogonia (Lrotria medeoloide.r) .............................................................. 2.J
~ r"~ y
..~ ~ ~yt~' ~ ................................................................................... ~,~
7, Referezlce:; .............................................................................................32

Figures
1. Project Vicinity Map
2a. Bridge Cc>nstruction Plan
2b. Terrestrial Communities
3. Soil Units
4. Area of Impacts
Tables
1. Existing Soils
2. Protected Species Listed for Jackson County
Photographs

.A.. ~AA LI.UL:. ~I I. ~. ~.~ZA
Mulkey Engineers & Consultants, Inc. (MULKEI~ has been retained by the North Carolina
Division of Transportation (NCD(~T) to prepare a Natural Resources Technical Report for
the proposed replaceii~ent of Bridle No. 3(i on llicks Creek Roacl (SK 1388) over lUicks
Creek in Jackson County, North Carolina. The following report is submitted to assist in the
consideration of alternative designs for the proposed project.
1.1 Project Description
The pro}~osed project, identified as TIl' No. 8-4349, will replace Bridge No. 36 over Dicks
Creek at its existing location on existing grade in Jackson CoLlnty, North Carolina (Figure 1).
The existing bridge has a timber floor on steel I-beams with concrete abutments and has one
span for a total length of 25.6 feet (7.8 meters). The clear roadway approach is
approximately 20 feet (6.1 meters) while the section of road over the bridge is 19.2 feet
(5.9 meters) vride. The l:~ridtc, built in 1974, is currently in poor condition and is classified as
functionally obsolete. The existing road right-of-way is assumed to be 30 feet (9.1 meters)
on the centerline. Rehabilitation of the existing structure is not a feasible option due to its
age and deteriorating condition.
The new bridge will be approximately 50 feet (7 5.?_ meters) in length, and 30 feet
lJ.t 1,11c LCLS~ W~.iC alld C.l:i.iJ1~L li,. la~i.i C:. C; i,C. iJ 1. (.u11C. i. .iC sUpflrStrlaCLL11 :: '~J1I'il V~:'L~ll. i;.l
abutments. The existing centerline will be shifted 6 feet (1.8 meters) upstream. The
safer structure, consistent with federal an.ci state bridge design standards. A "No L'uild"
alternative is not feasible given the poor condition of the bridge. The only design alternative
is to replace the bridg,c. ~~,. e:r' t7.ng location and have one lane open at all. times for traffic
flow. Discussions of the "No Build" alternative are not included in this report since there
are no u-.npacts to natw:al ,..>sot~rc~ ;from. its i nr,l;_tuenta','orl.
This repo;:t describes th-~ n~`~_lra.l :;ysterzls associated with the }>roject's study area as deFined
be'loW. 1\~~.tLi1'~l i 1a 5C?P . ', , CSr 5' _i~:115 wt;1f. COLCl}]lEtCd LlSlrlg a s~.,.t:i~ corridor approximately
Page 1 of 35

250 feet (7<,.2. meters) long, as measured from each end of the bridge, and 50 feet
(15.2 meters) wide, as measured from the centerline of the roadway (Figure 2).
The project study area denotes the area bounded by the proposed construction limits. The
project vicinity describes a larger area that extends approximately 0.5 miles (0.2 kilometers) on
all sides of the study area. The project region is the area represented on a standard 7.5-minute
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle map.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this technical report is to inventory, cataloi~, and describe the natural systems
within the study area. Impacts resulting from the proposed action are identified and
estimated based a conceptual design and construction occurring within the study corridor as
described above. Actual impacts may be less depending on final design requirements for cut
and fill slopes and roadway approaches to the bridge. The NCDOT currently owns existing
right-of-way along this road. Recommendations are included in this report for measures
which will. minimize resource impacts. These descriptions and estimates are relevant only in
the context of existing preliminary design concepts. If parameters and criteria change,
additional field investigations will be conducted.
1..3 Methodology
Field investigations along the project area were conducted by qualified biologists from
MULI{EY betwecri April and July 2003. Field surveys were undertaken to determine natural
resource conditions and to document natural communities, wildlife, and the presence of
protected species or their habitats.
Published information regarding the project area and region was derived from a number of
resources including: USGS 7.5-minute topographical quadrangle maps (Whittier and
Sylva North, North Carolina), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI) maps, USGS aerial photomosaics of the project area (1"=100'), and
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil survey maps of Jackson County.
Water resources information was obtained from publications of the North Carolina Division
Page 2 of 35

~~i rcpt l l~l<,l ~% ~~';L~. ~ ~~l,~j• ~.~ i10:. ,__~( _,.~ ~ ;CU (h:CUTl't~l,i.:(. ~i 'i al ~ Lr,
protected species within the project area and vicinity was gathered from the USFWS list of
protected species and the North Carolina Nahual Heritage Program (NCNHP) database of
r:~r~_ she~.i~s are t~nln~ue 1-~abita-l:.
Dominant plant species were identified throughout each strata for all natural communities
encount~:red. PL~.n.t conunuliity descriptions a.re based on tltose classifr~d iu Sc:ltafale anal
Weakley (1990), where applicable. Names and descriptions of plant species generally follow
Radford et al. (1968), unless more current information is available. Animal names and
descriptions Follow North Carolina. Wildlife Resource Commission (NCWRC, 2.003), Conant
and Collins (1998), Lee et al. (1980 et seq.), Rohde (1994), Stokes (1996), and Webster et al.
(1985). Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are provided for each
plant and animal species listed. Subsequent references to the same organism include the
common name only.
:During field surveys, wildlife identification involved a variety of observation techniques,
which have included active searching and capture, visual observations (both with and
without the use of binoculars), anal ol:,serving the characteristic si,4ns of wildlife (sounds,
scats, tracks, and burrows). Any organisms that may have been captured during these
searches wer.P. identifte~l anal ,nlc~sed without lntury. Quantitative water sampling was not
undertaken to support estisting data.
prescribed in the Corps of F:ngineerr lfletlandr .Delineation Manual (1_a,nvixoiunental Laboratory
1987). Supplementary technical literature describing the parameters of hydrophyti.c
-~ egetation, hydri.:: soils, and. hydrological indicators wer.~ also utilized. Wetland functions
were evaluated according to the NCDWQ's rating system, 4t1' version (1995). Surface waters
'n. tl~.~: l;roject area we.~:c c:valua~< <'. ~~.: d clas;.if ~~ '. b~~;c ? orl a prepoizderance of perennial
stream characteristics as defined in NCDWQ's Stream Cla,rs~cation Method, 2"d version (1999).
Page 3 of 3S

1.4 Qualifications of Principal Investigators
Investigator: Julie R. Gibson, Scientist
Education: BS Earth and Environmental Science, Lehigh University
MNR (Natural Resources -Restoration Ecology), North Carolina State
University
Experience: Mulkey Engineers & Consultants, June 2003 to present
Naturalist, Morris County Park Commission, January 2000 to August 2001
Expertise: NEPA investigations, Section 7 field investigations, wetland determinations,
and habitat assessments
Investigator: Cindy S. Carr, Scientist
Education: BS Natural Resources (Ecosystem Assessment Concentration),
North Carolina State University
ASBA Business Administration, Calhoun State College
Experience: Mulkey Engineers & Consultants, November 2002 to present
Biologist, ARCADIS, May 2000 to November 2002
Sample Manager, CH2M HILL, October 1989 to June 1996
Certifications: Wetland Professional-In-Training, Society of VG'etland Scientists
Stream ID and Buffer Rule Applications Program, NCDWQ
Penthic Collcr_tion Protoc~.~'n for Su.ea~n Restoration, NCDWQ
Expertise: NEPA investigations, Section 7 field investigations, wetland determination
and delineation, stream determination and delineation, stream and wetland
zestoratiou, habitat as~~ss~_..cnts, Rus~;cu s~., _a~ i assessment and classification,
and HAZWOPER.
Page 4 of 35

~.. .£'lxys~cal- z~.~.~sou:~c:es
The }project site encompasses an area in Jackson County about 3.5 miles (5.6 kilometers)
north of Dillsboro and about 4 miles (6.4 kilometers) northwest o£ Sylva. Jackson County is
situated in the southwestern part of the state and shares a border with Swain, Macon,
Haywood, and Transylvania Counties and with South Carolina. The site is located in the
I31ue Ridge physiographic province. 7'he geography of Jackson County ranges from
relatively Ilat basins and narrow valleys to rolling hills and very steep mountains (Sherrill,
1997). The majority of the county area is located in the Tuckasegee River watershed, which
drains toward the north. Small portions of the county in tl-.e southeast and southwest
corners are drained by the Whitewater River and Chattooga River, respectively.
Elevations in the project area range from approximately 2,000 feet (610 meters) above Mean
Sea bevel (msl) near Dillsboro t.o approximately 3,960 feet (7 ,207 meters) in the Nantahala
T~Tatiora.l I~,>:;•.:,i ga~ne.la.nds, noi-, ,v ~:,±: of t!.ie project site. The geology underlying the
project area is part of the Alligator Back Formation in the Blue Ridge Belt. As part of the
Coweeta Group, it consists of interlayered migmatic rock that is gradational with biotite-
t, ~ ~, ' ar. ,~,~,iho~:'e. n~.~a,•t~ a~ul. al,urnir~c, ;.'~)ic~,tcs ar.e locally abuzldant (NCDL,R
1185). •,~ :.: . , :;:c:i'~<~t~ ~;: _nl~ is systems, where
,... 7
formation of soil systems is affected more by parent material rock, aspect, and landscape
position than by elevation (NCSU, 1999).
i'he projec~ ~;.:: is located within multiple flood hazard zones as defined by the National
Flood Insurance Program (FIRM) of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The
narrow vaIley surrounding :Dicks Creek, including the project site, is located within Zone A.
'i'he majori~y o£ the surrounding area is located within "Lone X. 1'he zone designatiozts
within the project area axe shown on FIRM pane1370282 0050C £or Unincorl~ora.ted
Jackson County, effective May 17, 1989.
one; ~. i.. t..•, f7 god insurance. rs~te zone that corresponds to the 100--year floodplains that are
determined in the I''.nod Insurance Stuc'~r by appxc~~irrzate zhethods. No Base Flood
Page 5 of 35

Elevations (BFE) or depths are shown within this zone because detailed hydraulic analyses
are not performed for such areas. Mandatory purchase of flood insurance requirements
apply to this flood zone. Zone Y is the flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to areas
outside the 100-year floodplains, to areas of 100-year sheet flow flooding where average
depths are less than 1 foot, to areas of 100-year stream flooding where the contributing
drainage area is less than 1 square mile, or to areas protected from the 100-year flood by
levees. No BFEs or depths are shown within this zone (FEMA, 1989).
2.1 Soils
The process of soil development depends on both biotic and abiotic influences. These
influences include past geologic activities, nature of parent materials, environmental and
human influences, plant and animal activity, time, climate, and topographical position. Soil
associations are defined as landscapes that exhibit distinctive proportional patterns of soils
consisting of one or more major soils and at least one minor soil. The soils within an
association generally vary in slope, depth, stoniness, drainage, and other characteristics
(Sherrill, 1997).
The Soco-Stecoah-Cheoah association occurs in the project area. The Soco-Stecoah-Cheoah
association map unit makes up about four percent of Jackson County. It is found on rugged,
dissected mountains that have long side slopes and very narrow, winding ridgetops and
drainageways. Slopes range from 15 to 95 percent. Drainageways join and become creeks,
which join the rivers. Approximately 32 percent of this association is made up of Soco soils,
25 percent of Stecoah soils, 22 percent of soils, and 21 of other minor soil units. These
minor soil units include Spivey and Santeetlah soils in coves and along toe slopes, and
Cullowhee, Nikwasi, and Reddies on narrow floodplains. Small areas of rock outcrop axe
also included in this map unit. Soils mapped in the project area are the Cheoah unit and the
Junaluska-Tsali and Spivey-Santeetlah complexes, as described below (Sherrill, 1997). These
soil units are summarized in Table 1 and shown in Figure 3
Hydric soils are defined as soils that are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during
the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration
Page 6 of 35

Vi l.tyCL;.Cilil.lyl_i~: VC;~ta,ltiUil (~.000~tJ'UIIl CL al., 19 ~~~~. 11 ~rLOWlllf~ SC850n lE the ~)Ort10I1 O a. year
when the soil temperature measured 20 inches below the soil surface is above 41 °F
(Environmental Laboratory, 1987). Based on data available from the NRCS National
\%Jc~;~tl,~1~ and Climate Center sta.t7or,. loc.a.ted zt Cullr,we~~, NC, the g:~c~w.ing season for t}ir~
area of Jackson County that includes the project site generally occurs between late March
and late October (NRCS, 2002). Soils referred to as "hydric A" are completely hydric
throughout the mapped soil unit. ") iydric B" soils are non-hydric soils that contauz
inclusions of hydric soils, usually in depressional areas or along the border with other soil
units. Based on the Jackson County soil survey, no hydric soils occur in the project area
(Sherrill, 1997):
Cheoah (ChF) soils are very steep, well drained soils that develop on north to east facing or
shaded side slopes of intermediate mountains. Permeability is moderately rapid and depth to
bedrock is more than 5 feet (1.5 meters). Surface runoff is slow in undisturbed areas but
ral7id ul disturbed areas or where forest leaf litter has been removed. The soil may be frozen
for long periods during the winter and may take longer than other soils to warm up in the
spring. Underlying bedrock may be susceptible to landslides, especially during periods of
intensive rainfall and heavy traffic... Rock seams bearing large quantities of sulfur maybe
exposed during construction. If this sulfur is washed into nearby streams it can harm or kill
a.qua.ti.c life by increasinn the acidity of the water (Sherrill, 1997).
Junaluska-Tsali complex QtF) is composed of moderately deep, well drained Junaluska soil
_. ~~
~: _ ~ <~.~1. the ~ ; ; ound oz.~ veiy stc.l , _~.;~h to west facuig
side slopes in the low mountains. Individual areas are irregular in shape. Junaluska soils
formed >n saprolite weathered from metasedimentary rocks, such as phyllite or
~;~tasandsto~a; ~, <~.:ld make ul, <-,0 to 70 percent of the con~l-~le~r. "i'sa.li soils formed in
saprolite weathered from metasedimentary rocks, especially phyllite, and make up 20 to 30
perr.ent. Junaluska soil surface layer. is typically dark brown ch.annery fine sandy loam, and
subsoil is strong brown channery oam and yellowish red channery clay loam. Tsali soil
:~t'r.!~:c~:e lac-~~r. i.s d;Grl; brown cl,.annery fine sandy loam, acid s~.,b;oil. is br.~>wn and yellowish red
channery foie sandy loam. Tbi soil complex h~~.s a moderate pex7ncability and slow surface
runoff rate >n undisturbed areas. 1-lowever, disturbed areas leave a rapid runoff rate. Depth
Page 7 of 35

to high water table is greater than 6 feet (1.8 meters) from the surface for the entire complex.
Depth to bedrock is roughly 20 to 40 inches (51 to 101 centimeters) in the Junaluska soil and
10 to 20 inches (25 to 51 centimeters) in the Tsali soil (Sherrill, 1997).
The Spivey-Santeedah complex (SrD) and (SxE) is composed of moderately steep, very deep,
well drained Spivey and Santeetlah soils. This unit is found on benches, toe slopes, and
along drainageways in intermediate mountain coves. Spivey soils are formed in colluvium
and local alluvium from soils underlain by metamorphosed sedimentary rocks that have
moved downslope. They make up 45 to 55 percent of the complex. Santeetlah soils are
formed in colluvium from weathered metasedimentary rocks and make up 25 to 35 percent
of the complex. This soil complex has a moderately rapid permeability and slow surface
runoff rate in undisturbed areas. However, disturbed areas have a medium to rapid runoff
rate. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet (1.5 meters). The seasonal high water table is
snore than 6 feet (1.8 meters) from the surface.
A commonly applied indirect measure of the quality o£ a site for potential use in forestry
production is the site index. The site index reflects the relationship of average tree height of
dominant and codominant trees in a stand to the age of the stand, usually an even-aged stand
of 50 years (Avery and Burkhart 1983). County soil surveys typically include site index
information for selected species fox each soil map unit. The site index ranges for the map
units found at the project site are provided below.
Page 8 of 35

.Sort Map '
_ ' Site Index Rarige
~
UruE _ 'Species
~'~~
Chl~ Black clicx~ty (Prr~rrzi~~~.rr.ruinu)
American beech (Faga~s americana) 74 to 103
Northern red oak (Quercus nrbra)
Yellow poplar (L_ ~iodc~rrdron tulipiferca)
JtF Eastern white pine (Pinars strobes)
Virginia pine (Pinars virginiana) 52 to 86
Scarlet oak ~srerc~r~ cacrzrrea)
SrE Eastern white pine (Pines strobes)
Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) 80 to 100
Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
SrL~ Northern re°cl oik (,Quercars nrbra)
Eastern white pine (Pines strobes) 80 to 100
Shortleaf pine (Pines echinata)
.2 Watex Resour:cc;s
The project site is located within the Tuckasegee River watershed of the Little Tennessee
r'LL' l',~i15111. .L 11 _.i rl~~:r ~: 1',i.:~ ilC~i,l, ~ _ _ :;i:LCa.5l.'aal L?CUl'~"1_ al1Ci 1iOWJ nortl7f.'aSLW'~U:i
through seven large, unique mountain ranges before joining the Tennessee River in eastern
~i' nressee (Nr:h`~`C1Q, ?,00~). "r'' ;, ~- ;'-*1r, Tennessee River is critical ha.hita.t for three federally-
ti.;;ted endangered species: a fish, the spotfin chub (G~rinella monacha), and two mussels, the
Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and the little-wing pearly mussel (Pegias fabula).
Dicks Creek converges with the ':Cuckasesree River about 7_.5 miles (4 kilometers)
downstream from the project site. Approximately 660 feet (201 meters) north of the project
area, the East Fork Dicks Creek and the West li'ork Dicks Creek converge to form Dicks
Creek. Several smaller tributaries drain ii-ito the West Fork Diclcs Creek upstream of the
p.rolect site.
Page 9 of 35

Dicks Creek is located withui Little Tennessee River Subbasin 04-04-02, which includes
Fontana Lake and the Tuskasegee River. The NCDWQ stream index number for Dicks
Creek is 2-79-42 and the USGS 8-digit hydrologic unit is 06010203. The NCDWQ classifies
surface waters of the state based on their intended best uses. The North Carolina
Administrative Code provides a working defuution for perennial, intemittent, and
ephemeral streams (NCAC, 1999). Perennial streams have water flowing u1 awell-defined
channel for a majority of the year (greater than 90 percent of the time). Dicks Creek is a
perennial stream that accounts for the surface waters in the project area and are designated
as Class "C" Tr waters. The class C designation denotes freshwaters protected for secondary
recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and aquatic life propagation and survival, and others uses. A
Tr designation indicates freshwaters that are protected for natural trout propagation and
survival of stocked trout species (NCDWQ, 2002).
The stream channel associated with Dicks Creek averages approximately 8 feet (2.4 meters)
wide in the project area, and 1 foot (0.3 meters) deep, with a substrate of cobble and
bedrock. Bankfull width averages 17 feet (5.2 meters) and bank height averages 2.5 feet (0.7
meters). Riffle and run sequences are established with deep pools present. Dave Rosgen of
Wildland Hydrology, Inc. has established a classification system for stream channels based
on fluvial geomorphologic principles and landscape position. Based on this classification
method and field observations during the site visit, the stream appears to be a Type Bc; a
high energy, cascading, with step/pool sequences, very stable with bedrock anti cobble
dominated channel.
Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act requires states to develop a list of waters not meeting
water quality standards or which have impaired uses. Waters may be excluded from the list
if existing control strategies for point and nonpoint source pollution will achieve the
standards or uses (NCDWQ 1999). North Carolina's 303(d) list is a comprehensive public
accounting of all impaired waterbodies in the state. A review of the 303(d) found that none
of the streams located in the project vicinity, including Dicks Creek, were included on the
current 303(d) list (NCDWQ, 2003a).
Page 10 of 35

., i
.~.L1C.1~', ~~:.'.'.t.w:_C~L~_it0l=tYlg J~':~tCLll (_`~'~_~'~._~) 1:, a,If:i:~w"01~ U St%CfII:CI, 1a1:", and. CP'.ilrl~'tlf. Wat~i'.-
quality monitoring stations strategically located for the collection of physical and chemical
water-quality data. The type ofwater-quality data or parameters collected is determined by
tl,.e. ~t%aterbody's classification and c o~_tesponding water quality stan.da.rd;;. 11~e AMS
determines the "use support" status of waterbodies, meaning how well a waterbody supports
its designated uses. The only AMS monitoring station in Jackson County is located in
Bryson City. There are no AMS monitoring stations along Dicks Creek (NCDWQ, 2003b).
However, the NCDWQ has classified Dicks Creek as fully supporting (FS) its uses. A fully
supporting rating is given to waterbodies that fully support their designated uses and
generally have good or excellent water quality (CGIA, 2003).
The nearest benthic macroinvertebrate sampling site to the project area is located
approximately 5 miles (8 kilometers) downstream on the Tuckasegee River at SR 1377
(Macktown Road), west of Sylva. This site was last sampled in 1999 and was given a
bioclassification rating of good (NCDWQ, 2002). The North Carolina Index of Biotic
lntegrity (NCIBI) is used to assess the biological integrity of streams by examining the
structure and health of the fish community. The index incorporates information about
species richness and, composition, trophic composition, fish abundance and fish condition.
No NCIBI ratings are currently available for the project area (NCDWQ, 2003c).
Point soi,..cce dischargers throughout North Carolina are regulated through the National,
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. Dischargers are required by
r: _`1 Orly~_~ {',_ ?. a~w~JQ ~7~1( tliC.1(: 5~.. ~ ~ T ry. .'i~_ ~
... 'v ~ - ,. .. ..
dischargers within the 04-04-02 subbasin. The two largest dischargers are the waste water
treatment plants (WV~'TP) operated by the Tuckasegee Water and Sewer Authority. Two of
`lJ.,:; `;rn,Y/~I l~s dl:,,^~7:'..t~~u t~~ .1~~~7C~c`aSC;gGC: RtVer and SCOttS CrP.Ck <Own:'treaYl:l fLO2;t t11C prOlECt
area. No significant compliance or toxicity problems have been reported for an.y facility
operating u1 this subbasui during recent years (NCDWQ, 2.002).
Th.e ~: , r nary sources of water duality degta.d.ation in urban areas axe non-l:~oint sources of
discharge, wl-,iclz include sttxface water runoff and construction activities. Short-term
impacts to water quality £rom ~orratxuction-related activities i tclude increased sedimentation
Page 11 of 35

and turbidity. Long-term construction related impacts to water resources include substrate
destabilization, bank erosion, increased turbidity, altered flow rates, and possible temperature
fluctuations witlvn the channel due to removal of streamside vegetation. Precautions should
be taken to minimize impacts to water resources from runoff and erosion in the project area.
Jackson County has locally-delegated erosion and sediment control programs that require
erosion and sediment control plans for activities disturbing more than one acre (0.4 hectare)
of land.
2.3 Physical Resource Impacts
Project construction for road widening or new roadway location will impact soils and
topography within the project area. The primary sources of water-quality degradation in
rural areas are agriculture and construction. Precautions should be taken to minimize
impacts to water resources in the project area. Construction related impacts to water
resources include loss of aesthetic values, substrate destabilization, bank erosion, increased
turbidity, altered flow rates, and possible temperature fluctuations within the stream channel
caused by removal of stream-side vegetation. Short-term impacts to water quality from
construction-related activities are related to increased sedimentation and turbidity.
Aquatic organisms µ. e very sensitive to the discharges and inputs resulting from
construction. Appropriate measures must be taken to avoid spillage and control runoff.
Such measures should include an erosion and sedimentation control plan, provisions for
waste materials and storage, storrnwater management measures, and appropriate road
maintenance measures. NCDOT's Be.rtManagement Practice.rforProtection of Surface Waters.
(Bl~IPs - PSG and Sedimentation Control guidelinc;s should be strictly enforced during the
construction stages of the project. Long-term impacts to water resources may include
permanent changes to the stream banks and temperature increases caused by the removal of
stream-side vegetation.
Bridge demolition activities to remove the existing bridge are included as part of the build
alternatives. The bridge demolition activities associated with this replacement will strictly
follow NCDOT's Bert Management Practicer for Bridge Demolition and Removal (BMP-BDR). As
Page 12 of 35

l~f:l' i... t', ~}.i•..:.1. ., - ~.~.~.:i`., a]l. Y.:AC.~C10 ., !;i. dtL101i1J.Ui~. b..,,1~1 Ui~. C. V.I.S:u~_'~S:_i a.Ili~. Lt ,. ~)iL1;lf.:T:LeC1 Whel~•J
practical, other than dropping the bridge in the water.
'J'lle i;roi',osed project is a Case 2. eate~g<~ry as defi.uecl in the NCI~U'l s IiMI's - BDR. The
Case 2 category allows no work at all in the water during moratorium periods associated with
fish migration, spawning, and larval recruitment into nursery areas. The NCWRC has
identified prohibitions against in-streaz,.i activities for the project area due to the presei~.ce o£
several aquatic species currently protected under state and federal laws as well as for
protection of rainbow trout (Oncorbynchu.r myki.cr) (NCWRC, 2003c). In-stream activities and
]and disturbance within t_he 2.S-foot (7.6-meter) trout buffer are. prohibited from January 1
through Apri115 in order to prevent sedimentation from impacting fish eggs and fiy
downstream of the project site.
'L.4 Aesthetic Values
Aquatic ecosystems provide a sense of aesthetic values to many people. The discharge of
dredged or fill materials into an aquatic ecosystem can adversely affect the characteristics or
water quality which make the area valuable to the public and property owners. When these
systems are impacted by discharge of dredged or fill material it can mar the natural beauty
enjoyed by the public and private property owners as well as degrade water quality, create
.~1sU~aciutg dtspo.,~A si!~e~, lead to in.apl~~ul),iate rii:ve'iol~rnenC, proviuc utlplatui.ed ur
incompatible public access, damage the visual distinctiveness of an area, or reduce biotic
.,;<_
Page 13 of 35

3. Biotic Resources
This section describes the existing vegetation and associated wildlife that occur within the
project area. The project area is composed of different vegetative communities based on
topography, soils, hydrology, and level of disturbance. These systems are interrelated and in
many aspects interdependent. Potential impacts affecting these communities are also
discussed. Scientific nomenclature and common name (when applicable) are provided for
each plant and animal species listed. Subsequent references to the same organism include
only the common name.
3.1 Vegetation and Plant Communities
The MULKEY field survey team observed three plant communities in the project study area:
rich cove forest, montane alluvial forest, and man-dominated. The locations of these
communities are presented in Figure 4 and photographs of the site are included in the
Appendix.
A narrow riparian forest community is situated along the stream banks and adjacent
floodplain surrounding the project site. This forested community is best classified as a
variation of Schafale and Weakley's (1990) Montane Alluvial. forest. This community type
occurs along stream and river floodplains at moderate to high elevations and is typically
dominated in the canopy by Canadian hemlock (T.cuga canadensi.r), yellow birch (Betula
alleghanien.ri.r), and sweet birch (B. lento). Frequently, the understory is a dense ericaceous
shn~l~, l-iyez of rhododendron (Rhododendron maxzmum) or doghobble (Learcothoe fontane.riana)
(Schafale and Weakley, 1990). The dominant species found in this community in the project
area included yello~v birch, Canadian hemlock, red maple (.Ater rubnrm), tulip poplar
(Liriodendron tulipifera), hickory (Carya spp.), and sycamore (Platanu,r occidentali.c) in the mature
canopy. Understory trees and shrubs in the narrow riparian buffer included rhododendron,
tag alder (Alnzr.t .rerrulata), and yellow-root (Xanthorhitia .rimplici.rrima), doghobble, and buckeye
(Ae.rculat.r .rylvatica). A diverse herbaceous layer occurs in the understory of the surrounding
slopes, which included jewelweed (Im~atien.r ca~ien.ri.r), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radican.r),
bean/pea herbs (family Fabaceae), Japanese stilt grass (Micro.rtegiarm viminearm), and various
grasses (family Poaceae).
Page 14 of 35

Surrounding the narrow valley is a densely forested steep slope. This forested community is
best classified as a variation of a Rich Cove Forest (Schafale and Weakley, 1990). This
. .
C.C>T1"i ill?771t~ 1`. '~c:?LILiC 1. .I~"~,;' Cv i! C?~~..'?fltr. C.IE"%P.t7 _)I;J r~~ L1iiASt saleltt ;x:!:l. C(,~~C: al.ld l0`al' S r~pCS.
The canopy can be very diverse, often dominated by tulip poplar, yellow buckeye (Aesculus
flava), basswood (Tilia americana), sweet birch, Northern red oak (Quercus rubra), Canadian
he~,~~lock, American beccli, ari.d ouihe:en Bursar. maple (/Icersaccbarrrm). At th.e project site,
this forest is found primarily upstream of the bridge on the eastern slope above the stream
bank, and downstream of the bridge on the western slope above the stream bank and the
ea^te.t-n slope above thr~ roa<.~. This commtmi+y is dominated by Canadian hemlock, white
pine (Pinsrs strobus), Northern red oak, black locust (1Zobinia pseudoacacia), and American beech,
red maple (Acer rubrum), yellow birch, and sweet birch in the mature canopy. 1'he shrub and
woody vine understory is dominated by rhododendron, sourwood (Oxydendron a~boreum),
Vire-inia creeper (Parthenoci.rszrs quinquefolia), anal various overstory tree saplings. A diverse
herbaceous layer occurs in the understory including may apple (Podophyllum spp.), trilliums
(T rzllium spp.), Christmas fern (1'olystichatm acrostichoides), rattlesnake orchid (Goodyera tesselata),
foamIlower (Tiarella spp.), and bellwort (Uvularia spp.).
Man-dominated communities represent areas that are periodically maintained by human
i~flnence;~, .!tch ^~ r-~~~~~-i~~~ and. rower line rf~,',~s_,-~f-. ,;,,.; ~.~°~ ,, r~`- rnowcd lawns, and open
areas. Species include dock (.Kumex spp.), plantain (Plantago spp), violets (Viola spp.),
mustard (Brassica spp.), clover (Trifolium spp.), poison ivy, Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota),
and ~.-_ _ _ `; ~ , i ~ .;,) `~ ;ot (9.1-meter) right-of-way
_ . _. _...
along Dicks Creek Road. A residential horne is located ~ea t of Bridge No. 36 and north of
the road. Acidic cove forest is located on a slope which steeply rises approximately 50 feet
meters) south. f..mm the road. A garden lies hetweer~ t]ze home and riparian area next tc~
Dicks Creek. To the west of Bridge No. 36 lies a church with paved parking lot south of the
r.~~ad, grid forest ~.vitli a iootpail~ north of the ro<v'.
Page 15 of 35

3.2 Terrestrial Wildlife
The alluvial forest, cove forest, and man-dominated communities offer a high diversity of
foraging, nesting, and cover habitat for many species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals. Species that maybe associated with these types of communities are described
below. An asterisk (*) indicates the species that were directly observed or that evidence was
noted during field reconnaissance.
The project area likely has a small amphibian population which may include salamanders and
frogs. Salamanders forage on insects, both aquatic and terrestrial, crustaceans, worms, and
other organisms in forest floodplains and vernal pools. Salamanders can be found in a
variety of habitats, although most are associated with small streams, vernal pools, and
seepages. They can also be found along streams where stones, large branches, and other
wood debris offer shelter for both the salamander and their food. They are active mostly at
night, but can be found by overturning logs and stones in wet areas along stream banks.
While no salamanders were observed, species such as the Eastern newt (Notophthalmu.r
viride,rcen.r), spotted salamander (Amby.rtoma maculatum), blackbelly salamander (De.rmognathus
gstadramaculatu.r), and mountain dusky salamander (Dermognathu.r ochrophaeu.r) are commonly
found in mountain areas. Spring peepers (Hyla crarcifer), pickerel frogs (Rana palu.ttri.r), and
green frogs (R. clamitan.r) are likely to be present in the project area. Spring peepers mainly
inhabit woodlands, while pickerel. frogs are fourui ;~.!ong sl-rtc'c l :.tcean.is and wet areas.
Green frogs live along streams, ponds, and lakes throughout North Carolina.
Reptile species associated with the project area may include d-~e Eastern box turtle (Terrapene
Carolina), five-lined skink (Eumece.r f uczatu.r), rough green snake (Oj~heodry.r ae.rtivu,r), and Eastern
garter snake (Thamnophi.r .rirtali.r). Eastern box turtles eat a wide variety of plants and small
animals, including poisonous mushrooms. Five-lined skinks feed on spiders, crickets,
grasshoppers, beetles, and other insects. Rough green snakes forage on spiders, moth and
butterIly larvae, crickets, and grasshoppers and will often forage among vines.or shrubs
along stream banks. The Eastern garter snake forages for earthworms, fish, and amphibians
in rnoist forested environments near streams, marshes, and pools.
Page 16 of 35

J.c.::iA) f .. k...( .., 1.' ^.I 1i111d.iJl.;. ,.~ 7.,. ,~i.~ii:. 0111 C llr:'~1 t.l~C ~)rO~l'CL :1.1C.~L. alllltl}~.ltilltfi may 1n.C111CxC:
red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villasus), downy
woodpecker (P. pubescens), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Carolina chickadee (Faros carolinensis),
t.~.Et~°~' Iitn~o~: ~e (.P. bicolor), wl-ute-br~~asteci tlutbatch (Sitter crrrolineu.ris), P~znelxcan a:obin (Turzlu.r
migratorius), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), northern mockingbird (Mimuspolyglottos),
wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), and Carolina wren
(Thryothorus ludovicianus). Predatory species n.lay include red-tailed hawk (8rrteo jamaicen.ris),
eastern screech owl (Otus ano~, and barred owl (Stria varia).
A wide variety of mammals are expected to inhabit the project area and surrounding
landscape. Virginia opossum (Dide phis virginiana), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), raccoon
(Procyon lotor), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
virginianus) are species mostly likely to be found. These mammals have adapted to survival in
areas where human impacts have modified the landscape. In addition, bats such as the little
brown myotis (Myotis luczfugars), Eastern red (Lasiurus borealis), and big brown bat (Eptesiczrs
fuscus) may also be present in the project study area. The big brown and little brown bats
typically use man-made structures such as attics, barns, sheds, and bridges for summer
roosts. They forage near water and along streams, eating insects such as beetles, flies,
mayflies, stoneflies, and mosquitoes. The Eastern red bat often hangs in leafy tree tops near
the edge of a cl.earin~; dii.ring surr~zner months. This bat species forages near sr•:eet or outside
ltghrs and eats i~iosquitoes, flies, true bugs, beetles, and other insects. No habitat
appropriate for bats was found in the project area.
3.3 Aquatic Habitats and Wildlife
The aquati:: k~abitat in the Dicks Creek drainage area is expected to be diverse based on the
:,table flilvi~l geor.~or~,la.ological conc'utiarz o£ the steam. channel. obse, red at the time of the
field visit. Dicks Creek has a stream bed consisting of sand, gravel, cobble, and bedrock
beneficial to macrobenthic invertebrates including mussels. L?vidence of crayfish was found
at the site visit. Caddisfly and mayfly larvae were found in the stream bed.
Page 17 of 35

Fish species associated with the project area may include fantail darter (Eth~o.rtoma flabellare),
redline darter (Etheo.rtoma vulneratt~m), Swannanoa darter (Etheo.rtoma .rwannanoa), brook trout
(Salvelinu.r fontinalir), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchtr.r myki.r.r), brown trout (Salmo trutta), Northern
hog sucker (Hypentelium nigrican.r), creek chub (Semotilur atromaculatu.r), saffron shiner (Notropi.r
rubricroceu.r), silver shiner (Notropi.rphotogeni.r), warpaint shiner (Luxilu.r albeolur), whitetail shiner
(Cyprinellagalactura), and mountain brook lamprey (Ichthyomyzongreeleyz). Several small fish
averaging approximately 2 inches (S centimeters) long were seen in the stream. The olive
darter (Percina ,rquamata), federal species of concern and state special concern, has been
observed near the mouth of Dicks Creek according to NCWRC. The Appalachian elktoe
(Ala.rmidonta raveneliana), federal and state endangered; wavy-rayed lampmussel (Lamp.rili.r
farciola), state special concern; and wounded darter (Etheortoma vulneratzzm), state special
concern have also been noted in the Tuckasegee River.
3.4 Biotic Resource Impacts
The proposed construction may impact nearly 0.8 acres (0.3 hectares) of terrestrial biotic
communities in the project study area, as summarized below. Impacts to terrestrial biotic
communities are estimated based on preliminary conceptual designs for replacing the existing
bridge in place and are summarized below and shown in Figure 4. These impacts consist of
approximately 0.4 acres (0.1 hectares) of alluvial forest, 0.2 acres (0.1 hectares) of cove forest,
and 0.3 acres (0.1 hectares) of man-dominated areas. Tl~e impacts are based on a study
comdor approximately 250 feet (76.2 meters) long, as measured from each end of the bridge,
and 50 feet (15.2 meters) wide, as measured from the centerline of the roadway. Temporary
impacts were not calculated because all roadway construction should occw: well within the
permanent right-of-way boundaries.
.Impacts
. Community Descriptions ~'' Acres (Hectares)
Alluvial Forest 0.4 (0.1)
Cove Forest 0.2 (0.1)
Man-Dominated Areas 0.3 (0.1)
Page 18 of 35

Temporary fluctuation in populations of animal species which utilize terrestrial areas is
anticipated during the course of construction. Slow-moving, burrowing, and/or
s,.ibterraz7ear~. o~~ganisms will be directly impacted by constxucto~,. activities, while .mobile
organisms will be displaced to adjacent communities. Competitive forces in the adapted
communities will likely result in a redefinition of population equilibria.
Aquatic communities are acutely sensitive to changes in their environment and
environmental impacts from construction activities may result in long-term or irreversible
effects. Impacts usually associated. wit} in-stteazrn constnictioi~ include increased
channelization and scouring of the streambed. In-stream construction alters the substrate
and impacts adjacent stream-side vegetation. Such disturbances within the substrate lead to
increased siltation, which can clog the gills and/or feeding mechanisms of benthic
organisms, fish, and amphibian species. Siltation may also cover benthos with. excessive
amounts of sediments that inhibit their ability to obtain oxygen. These organisms axe slow
to recover and usually do not, .once the stream has been severely impacted.
The removal of stream-side vegetation and placement of fll i:~ateri.al during construction
contributes to erosion and possible sedimentation. Quick revegetation of these areas helps
try ..~.rt,,ce the ixr~.pacts by ~ ~ pporting th.c unde~rly~~g soy' ~. ~'' ~:o^~ ~ ,,.,d sedirr~en _^.t`.~~:~. Jriay
carry soils, toxic compounds, trash, and other materials into the aquatic communities at the
construction site. As a result, sediment bars may be formed both at the site and
~... _ .,.~~~.<:~ ~ ;,~t pc a , ~a,.~on from the rc:rnoval of stream sic.3e: vegetation map
increase water temperatures.- Warmer water contains less oxygen, thus reducing aquatic life
that depends on high oxygen concentrations.
Page l9 of 35

4. Waters o£ the United States
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires regulation of discharges into "Waters of the
United States." The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is the principal
administrative agency of the Clean Water Act; however, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(CJSACE) has the responsibility for implementation, permitting, and enforcement of the
provisions of the Act. The USACE regulatory program is defined in 33 CFR 320-330.
Water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and streams, are subject to jurisdictional consideration
under the Section 404 program. Wetlands axe also identified as "Waters of the United
States." Wetlands, defined in 33 CFR 328.3, are those areas that are inundated or saturated
by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under
normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in
saturated soil conditions. Any action that proposes to place fill uito these areas falls under
the jurisdiction of the USACE under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).
4.1 Surface Waters
The NCDWQ defines a perennial stream as a clearly defined channel that contains water for
the majority of the year. These channels usually have some ox all of the following
characteristics: distinctive stream bed and bank, aquatic life, and groundwater flow or
discharge. Dicks Creek is the only perennial stream identified in the project vicinity.
Detailed stream characteristics, including specific water quality designations, are presented in
Section 2.2 Water Resources.
4.2 Jurisdictional Wetlands
Wetlands have been defined by the USACE as those areas that are inundated or saturated by
surface or groundwater long enough and frequent enough under normal conditions to
support a prevalence of vegetation adapted for life in saturated soil conditions
(Environmental Laboratory 1989). Based on this definition, delineation of jurisdictional
wetlands is based on the presence of three diagnostic indicators: hydrophytic vegetation,
hydric soils, and hydrology. Wetland determinations were completed as part of the
MULI{EY field investigations. No wetland areas were identified in the project area.
Page 20 of 35

4.3 Impacts to Waters
'I"1le prot;c~srd 1>xc~jec~. i;: to rc.c~laci~ the existing Bridge No. 3C. in place. Traffic wi]] follow arl
on-site detour using staged construction. Preliminary conceptual designs call for spanning
the stream with a new bridge and end bents. Bents should be placed above the normal high
crater level in order to avoid impacts to jurisdictional surface waters. Removal of the
existing bridge and construction of the replacement bridge may temporarily impact the
Mitchell River. Increased erosion and sedimentation may result from roadside construction.
Removal of vegetation may result in temporary increase izi water temperature. Quick
revegetation of these areas will help reduce the impacts by supporting the underlying soils
and shading the stream.
4.4 Permit Requirements
Impacts to "Waters of the United States" come under the jurisdiction of the USACE.
Permits are required fox roadway encroachment into jurisdictional wetlands and surface
waters. The USACE Wilmington District uses Nationwide Permit 14 for linear
tr.avsporat.ion crossings w].le.n irnE,acts to jurisc?.ictional resources from dredge or fill material
are less than 0.5 acres (0.2 hectares) in non-tidal waters. As of May 17, 2002, projects with
r~ ~ r~,ore tllr.i ~(`~ t ~>- ? 1,, , ~: r feet (91 ~r n;~°~c-~ ~j of. impacr,, to pcr ,-:i~;-ial ~~- in.t n~i±:el~t
streams are eligible for a nationwide permit under the Wilmington District Regional
Conditions. These regional conditions also require compliance with Nationwide General
..,Ca.G.Lt,.~.. .~ .. .. ....... t ....~~ ~.L:i '.vlih grt~l_.._4 ~!:i.il.~;~ 1:. ,. ia.~ ~ ., .. `:;:1 : ~:~,~:~ '~~_t.7. / 7 .. ~ ..~J~ ...i~;1Ci:.S ,iiaU.
projects that occur in mountain trout waters of the 25 designated counties, which includes
Jackson County. General Condition 13 addresses requirements concerning notification and
,:,orclul~+.~~~:; will,. to a.~: U: i'~..t~E for l~crmit a;pli~ations. Notification to thy. USACE;., Districl-
Engineer is made by submitting the PreConstruction Notification form to the applicable
regulatory field office.
Tn addition, ~ Section 401 General ~~later Qualitp Ce.rtific:~ti.oi~l (IUQC: #a_'~'(U4~) is also requi.~:e.'.
for any activity which r:aay result: in. a discharge into "Waters of the Unitcd States" or for
which au issuan.c,: o£ a federal Nationwide '14 perlx~it or licec.~se is issued. Certifications are
Page 21 of 35

administered ti-irough the Nortlt Carolina Dcpartrnent of Envirorunent and Natural
Resources (NCDENR), Division of Water Quality.
4.5 Mitigation
The USACE has adopted, through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), a
mitigation policy which embraces the concepts of "no net loss of wetlands" and sequencing.
The purpose cf this policy is to restore and maintain the chemical, biological, and physical
integrity of Waters of the ?Jnited States, specifically wetlands. Mitigation of wetland impacts
has .been defined by the CEQ to include: avoidance of impacts (to wetlands), minimising
impacts, rectify-i: ~b impacts, reducing impacts over time, and compensating for impacts (40
CFR 1508.20). Each of these three aspects (avoidance, minimisation, and compensatory
mitigation) must be considered in sequential order.
Avoidance mitigation examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts
to Waters of the United States. According to a 1990 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
between the USEPA and the USACE, in determining "appropriate and practicable"
measures to offset unavoidable impacts, such measures should be appropriate to the slope
and degree of those impacts and practicable in terms of cost, existing technology, and
logistics in light of overall project purposes.
Minimization includes the examination of appropriate and practitcable steps to reduce the
adverse impacts to Waters of the United States. Implementation of these steps will be
required through project rnodificatiuns and permit conditions. Muumization typically
focuses on decreasing the footprint of the proposed project through the reduction of
median widths, right-of--way widths, fill slopes, and/or road shoulder widths. The following
methods are suggested to minimize adverse impacts to VG'aters of the United States:
• Strictly enforce Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control sedimentation during
project construction.
• Clearing and grubbing activity should be minimised.
• Decrease or eliminate discharges into Dicks Creek and its tributaries.
Page 22 of 35

r
i\Cest11~J11S11I11ellt Uf VCgC~di10;1 ('il l'.7.JUSeC~ &t~;.b Wllh ~"LiC11i:;Ul ; 1'~P.St1Cl" C. a1:1G.
herbicide management.
• Minimization of "in-stream" activity.
Use responsible litter control practices.
Mitigalzon includes restoration, enhancement, or creation for wetland and stream functions
and values that axe lost when these systems ate converted. to other uses. Compensatory
mitigation is not normally considered until anticipated impacts to Waters of the United
States have been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent possible. It is recognized
that "no net loss of wetlalic"' fi.~rlctions any' values nla.y not be acl~i.eved in eacl-~ anal every
permit action. Appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation is required for
unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable minimization
has been requited.
It is the decision of the USACE and NCDWQ to require mitigation for impacts associated
with project construction. The USACE usually requires compensatory mitigation for
activities authorized under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act when unavoidable impacts
total more than 0.10 acres (0.04 hectares) of wetlands or 150 liueat feet (~5.7 linear meters)
of perennial or intermittent streams. The NCDWQ may require compensatory mitigation
fnr ;,~ ' ; autlzc,~ izc~l 1 ;'~ .: Sc~_.;,,,, 4-01 of the C'1~. ,..~. ``~~^.t" - ~:.~t f.^r unavoidable impacts
to more than 1 acre (0.45 hectares) of wetlands or 150 linear feet (45.7 linear meters) of
perennial streams.
Page 23 of 35

5. Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of fauna and flora have been, or are, in the process of decline due to
either natural forces or their inability to coexist with humans. Federal law (under the
provisions of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended) requires that
any action likely to adversely affect a species classified as federally-protected be subject to
review by the USFWS. Other species may receive additional protection under separate laws.
As of the 24 February 2003, Jackson County species list, the USFWS identifies four
Endangered (E) species, two Threatened ('1~ species, and 39 Federal Species of Concern
(FSC) as potentially occurring in the county. The Endangered and Threatened species
include Appalachian elktoe (Ala,rmidonta raveneliana~, Carolina northern flying squirrel
(Glaucomyr rabrinus coloratur), Indiana bat (Myotis .todali,r), rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma
lineare), swamp pink (Helonias barllata), small-whorled pogonia (I.rotria medeoloide.r), respectively.
The NCNHP lists of January 2003 included these 45 species and identified 14 additional
species receiving protection under state laws. The Jackson County FSC and the state
protected species, their status, and the existence of suitable habitat within the project area are
shown in Table 2.
Natural Heritage Program maps were reviewed on July 3, 2003 to determine if any protected
species have been identified nca. tii~ project area: This map review confirmed that no
protected species are located within a 1-mile (1.(i-kilometers) radius of the project site. The
closest mapped population are two FSC species, olive darter (Penzna tquamata) and wounded
darter (Etheo.ctoma virlnerata~m), which are located more than 1.5 miles (U.8 kilometers)
downstream from the project site, where Dicks Creek enters the Tuckasegee River.
5.1 Federally Protected Species
5.1.1 Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta xavenellana)
Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: Endangerec
Page 24 of 35

~.he Ap1J31aChl.lil ei_..lC,. .~ :t .°irC~a~t _ .~.~5C.1 l-Ji~.1 :; ) [1:~:~ i il:, .l iCI, 'u'l i:C~,t(;1G11F~ Ui; tU J 1'27.C11LS (,
cm). Its shell is thin although the shell is not fragile nor subovate (kidney-shaped). The
periostracum (outer shell) of the adult Appalachian elktoe is dark brown in color, while
j~.wentLs have a yell-,~,~;ish-1~~;,`,-n c.:o. hr,~ ~~sTn populaTioris ofr},e Appaldc}zian elktoe exis
in North Carolina in the Nolichucky River (including its tributaries of the Cane River, North
Toe River and South Toe River), the Tuckasegee River, the Little Tennessee River and
tributaries o£the Frencl.i. Broad F.ive.r. Basin including; the West anal East fork Pigeon Rivexs
and the Little River. The Appalachian elktoe has been observed in gravelly substrates often
mixed with cobble and boulders, in cracks of bedrock and in relatively silt-free, coarse sandy
substrates.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Appropriate habitat foz: Appalachian elktoe is likely present at the project site; however field
surveys were completed by Catena C'~roup, Inc. did not reveal any evidence of mussels in the
project study area. This survey was completed on July 16, 2003. Mussel surveys were
conducted from the confluence with the Tuckasegee River upstream to a point
approximately 328 feet (100 meters) upstream of Bridge No. 36. No mussels were observed.
A review of NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known populations occur within a
?. mile (3.'?. kilometer) r~ai,,s of t?~e r~r.niect site. The replacement of Bridge No. 36 will not
impact the Appalachian elktoe.
. .
. ~:~ . .
.~lzeru 1,
Federal Status: Endangered .
State Status: Endangered
The.Carolina northern flying squirrel has a large well-furred flap of skin along either side o£
its body. This furred flap of skin is cr>nnect~c' at t'~c wrist in the front and at the ankle in tl~.c
. rear forming an aerodynamic surface which is used £or gliding from tree to tree. The
Carolina flying squii.rc:}. ~ ; a z~;.:c*~zrna} zn?n~nzal wlxich. possesses a lonf;, l;road, flatten~::cl tail
(80 percent of head ar.~d hod ~ len~t).z), pros, ~i ent eyes, and dense, silky fur. It can be
i Page 25 of 35

distinguished from th.c southern ily~~ig squu~rel by its l:~rger size and gray base of its ventral
hairs as opposed to a white base for the southern species.
Several isolated populations of the northern flying squitxel have been found in the western
past of North Carolina, in Haywood County, Yancey County, Jackson County and in the
vicinity of Mt. Mitchell. Two other populations have been sited along the eastern Tennessee
mountains bordering North Carolina. This squirrel is found at elevations above 1,524
meters (5,000 feet) in the vegetation transition zone between the coniferous and northern
hardwood forests. Both forest types are used in search of food, while the hardwood forests
are needed for nesting sites.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Elevations in the project area are well below the range in which the Carolina northern flying
squirrel is found. A review of NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known
populations occur within a 2-mile (3.2-kilometer) radius of the project site. Since the bridge
is to be replaced on existing location, it is anticipated that construction will occur well within
existing right-of--way boundaries. Therefore replacement of Bridge No. 36 will have no
effect on the Carolina northern flying squirrel.
5.1.3 Indiana bat (Myotis sodalfs)
Federal Status: Endangered
State Status: ' ~ nda.nge- ~~~
The Indiana bat is a medium-sized myotis, closely resembling the little brown bat (Myoti.r
lucifugu.r) but differing in coloration. Its fur is a dull grayish chestnut with the basal portion
of the hairs of the back a dull lead color. This bat's underparts are pinkish to cinnamon, the
heels of its feet are strongly keeled and its hind feet are smaller and more delicate than in the
M. lucifirgu.r.
The Indiana bat occurs in the Midwest and eastern United States as far south as northern
Florida. In summer it is apparently absent south of Tennessee. Limestone caves with an
Page 26 of 35

~. ~~ii_1~Cr~i`i~- c`"~ ~ i:~ ~~_: u~~J~t~:o J 11,7 _ ~~,.~:~ Lu i,., -. ~
midwinter and average relative humidity of 87 percent are preferred for winter hibernation.
Summer foraging by females and juveniles is limited to riparian and floodplain areas, with
cr.~eks not be.in~; used. if r~t~s_tiati tree, li; •,r~. keen rcni.~~;red. Males forage over fluud.plaui
ridges and hillside forests and usually roost in caves.
Biolor ical Conclusion.. lJo Isffect
No caves or floodplains exist within the project area. Suitable summer roosting habitat is
n.ot available at the project site. The minimal riparian buffer along Dicks Creek would
provide minimal foraging habitat A review of NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no
known populations occur withirl a 2-nv]e (3.2-kilometer) radius of the project site. Since the
bridge is to be replaced on existing location, it is anticipated that construction will occur well
within existing right-of--way boundaries. Therefore replacement of Bridge No. 36 will have
rro effect on. Indiana bat.
5.1.4 Rock gnome lichen (Gyrnnoderma lineare)
Federal. Status: Endangered
State Status: Threatened
hock gnome lichen occurs in dense colonies of squamules (narrow strap-like lobes). The
ends of the individual squamules are blue-gray above and shiny-white below, grading to
base, and approximately 0.~1 to 0.8 inches (1 to 2 centimeters) long. Squamules grow parallel
to the rock surface and curl away at the tips. Fruiting bodies are black, borne singly or in
' clusters, a.ncl are located at th.e tins (atZd rarely at the sig.-;es) of the scluamules. They are
° cylindrical, radially symmetrical, and can be either sessile or supported by short podetia
(<0.0~; uZCh/2, rr~.;.n u-a lend':..). J is npe~~ics ~ ~~~;•'t°s to , r ,, < •~te prin~ari_ly asexually.
7'he .roclt gnome ]ich.~.~n is a r.ar.cow endc.zii.c, zest! `., ed t~ ~ a..r.~:; ; of high, h.urriiclity. These
f:~.ii;h l.urcaisuiy environr,tents occur on high elevation (4000 ft, 1220 rn) mountaiirtops and
cliff faces which are frequently bathed in fog or lower elevation (2500 ft/762 m) deep gorges
i Page 27 of 35

- in the Southern 1~ppalachians. The rock gnome lichen primarily occurs on vertical rock
faces where seepage water from forest soils above flows only at very wet times. The rock
gnome lichen is almost always found growing with the moss Adreaea in these vertical
intermittent seeps. The major threat of extinction to the ;:ock gnome lichen relates directly
to habitat alteration/loss of high elevation coniferous forests. These coniferous forests
usually lie adjacent to the habitat occupied by the rock gnome lichen. The high elevation
habitat occurs in the counties of Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Mitchell,
Swain, and Yancey. The lower elevation habitat of the rock gnome lichen can be found in
the counties of Jackson, Rutherford and Transylvania.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Appropriate habitat for rock gnome lichen does not exist at the project site. A review of
NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known populations occur within a 2-mile (3.2-
kilometer) radius of the project site. Since the bridge is to be replaced on the existing
location, it is anticipated that construction will occur well within existing right-of--way
boundaries. Therefore, it is anticipated that replacement of Bridge No. 36 will have no
effect on rock gnome lichen.
5.1.5 Swamp pink (Helonias bullata)
Federal Status: Threatened
State Status: Threatened -Special Concern
Swamp pink is a perennial which is one of the first wildflowers to bloom in the spring. It
possesses fragrant, pink flowers that occur in clusters of 30 to 50. Its dark evergreen, lance-
shaped, and parallel-veined leaves form a basal rosette which arises from a stout, stem which
can extend to a height of 8 to 35 inches (20 to 90 centu:neters) during.flowering. This plant
tends to reproduce by clonal root growth and tends to grow in clumps, close to the parent
plants. Due to this, plant populations can be extremely dense with some populations in the
southern Appalachians having plant densities of 56 plants per square meter (3.3 plants per
square foot). Flowers are present from March to May.
Page 28 of 35

' 1
iJ. ~~ ~ JTi,. ~"atv'!1'..i_y U.E..L~:i'~c.F,[.~~.~~~,~L.St~,l'.-.. C.~:. d_:~1~~ 1 ii7r:8. i- .1~i.~. 1 ~C: ','ast;.~h_1`;aL~Q~ .t
Forest in the "Pink Beds" area. Seven other populations occur in Jackson, Henderson and
Transylvania counties. Swamp pink occurs in numerous wetland habitats including Atlantic
white-~redar swerYil_~s, I'~h7c Ri.c'~~e ;;war~~l~,~, s~~usir;:zl;y t~~n.ated wet'. ends which border small
streams, meadows and spring seepage areas. The species requires habitat which is saturated
with water, but not flooded. Swamp pink ranges over seven states, and is often associated
wits, evergreen trees such as Atlanric white-cedar, pitch pine, American larch and black
spruce. Swamp pink is somewhat shade tolerant and needs enough canopy to mirrimi7e
competition with other more aggressive species.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
No habitat exists in the project study area for the swamp pink due t;o a lack of wetlands in
the area. A review of NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known populations
occur within a 2.-mile (3.?,-kilometer) radius of the project site. Since the bridge is to be
replaced on existing location, it is anticipated that construction will occur well within existuig
right-of--way boundaries. Therefore, it is anticipated that replacement of Bridge No. 36 will
have no effect on swamp pink.
5.:1..6 Small-whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides)
1 'ederal Status: 'Threatened
State Status: Endangered
The small-whoxled pogonia is a perennial with long, pubescent roots. The stem is smooth
and hollow, measuring 3.7 to 9.8 inches (9.5 to 25.0 centimeters) in height and terminating in
a whorl of live or, slx lighi: geeen, elliptical leaves that a.re somewhs:~t ~-,: Hinted and measure up
to 3.2 x 1.6 inches (8 x 4 centimeters):. A flower, or occasionally two flowers, is produced at
th.e top of the ste.tn, howese~~, individual plant; mar not flowcx every yea?-. F~;vtended
dormancy, although not scientifically documented, is purported to occur under certain
conditions. Flower.;, are ~reser,.t from rrid-May to quid. June.
Page 29 of 35

Twenty-t'.,c.:e populations of the small-whorled pog~~nia are known to occur in the
southeastern United States. These populations are known from North Carolina, South
Carolina, Geoxgia, and Tennessee. Five populations occur in North Carolina. Most
southeastern populations number less than 25 plants. Habitat for the small-whorled pogonia
usually occurs in open, dry deciduous woods with acid soils, however it has also been found
in rich cove hardwoods.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Habitat for this species is available in large regions of the project vicinity. At the project site,
suitable habitat potentially exists in the cove forest adjacent to Dicks Creek. However,
frequent disturbance due to yardwaste dumping on the south side of the road, and heavy
foot traffic near the pedestrian access on the north side of the road would inhibit the growth
of small-whorled pogonia. Appropriate habitat for small-whorled pogonia does not exist in
the right-of-way areas adjacent to Dicks Creek Road. A search for small-whorled pogonia
was conducted during a site visit on April 2, 2003 and on July 29, 2003. Even though this
was not during the expected bloom period of mid-May to mid June, no plants with the
vegetative characteristics of small-whorled pogonia were observed in the search corridor.
Since the bridge is to be replaced on existing location, it is anticipated that construction will
occur well within existing right-of--way boundaries. Therefore, it is anticipated that
replacement of Bridge No. 36 will have no effect on small-whorled pogonia. A review of
NCNHP maps on July 3, 2003 shows that no known populations occur within a 2-mile (3.2-
kilometer) radius of the project site.
Page 30 of 35

The proposed project, which is located about 3.5 miles north of Dillsboro in Jackson
Couixty, Nor.l1-l. Carolina, w;.il i:eplace ~.t-idLe No.:iu on ~R 13So (liicl:.s Creek Road) over.
Dicks Creek on e~cisting location. Existing right-of--way is assumed to be 30 feet (9.1 meters)
from the roadway centerline.
Water resources in the area include Dicks Creek. Dicks Creek is classified as a Class "C"
water, and also assigned as a TR. Dicks Creek is a perennial stream and therefore subject to
US~~CT', ^ncl NCL~~YJ(~ ~'!lrl'.dl.ctio+:! under: Seca:.-~r.1404 aa~d Section 401 of the Clem ~Yi'ater
Act. No wetland areas were identified in the project area.
Three plant communities were identified in the project study area: alluvial forest, cove
forest, ,~~zd ma.n-dominated areas. Terrestrial cornrnunity ilnpa.cts due to corxstructLon axe
based o~~. the rer~r~~+nF~:t right-of-way boundaries and include approximately 0.4 acres (0.1
hectares) of alluvial forest, 0.2 acres (0.1 hectares) of cove forest, and 0.3 acres (0.1 hectares)
of man-dominated areas. Dicks Creek is a perennial stream and therefore subject to USACE
rind NCT~`~JQ jurisdiction under Section 404 and Section 401 0£ the Clean Water Act.
Page 31 of 35

7. Refer~°noes
Avery, Thomas E. and Harold E. Burkhart, 1983. Forest Measurements, Third Edition.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
Conant R., and J. T. Collins, 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern
and Central North America. 'T'hird Edition, Expanded. Peterson Field Guides.
Houghton Mifflin Publishers, New York, NY.
Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet and E. T. LaRoe, 1979. Classification of Wetlands
and Deepwater. Habitat of the United States. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States
Department of the Interior. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Environmental Laboratory, 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual;
Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Army Engineer Waterways Experunent
Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 1989. Flood Insurance Rate Maps, Map
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webapp/commerce/command/ErecMacro/MSC/macros/catdisp p d2w/report?m
sc rodt~~e=Pc~mse media=SCAN&mse state=13040&msc ctv=14912<~msc co
inm=28495. Accessed on July 1, 2003.
Fridell, John A., 1993. Final Rule, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants;
La,rmigona decorata (Carolina Heelsplitter) Determined to be Endangered. 50 CFR
Part 17, RIN 1018-AB75, published June 30, 1993. Department of The Interior,
U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Division Of Endangered Species.
Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr.,
1980 et seq. Arias of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina Museum
of Natural History, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC. North
Carolina Biological Survey #1980-1?.
Page 32 of 35

Natural Resources Conservation Service (MRCS), 2002. Climate Information for Jackson
County, WETS Station NC2200 Cullowee. National Water and Climate Center.
tJtvted States I_)cpartmen.t i>f Ag~.ir:ulturc:. ~Joxld ~,%idc: vJ~~l~:
wzvw.~vcc.nres.usda.gov/climate/~vetlands.html. Accessed on July 30, 2003.
Natr~reServe, 2003. NatureServe Exl->loret: A.n online encyclopedia of life [web application].
Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. World Wide Web:
http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. Accessed on July 7, 2003.
North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC), 1999. Subchapter 1I -Forest Practice
Guidelines Related to Water Quality, Section .0100. 15A NCAC 1I.0102. Raleigh,
NC.
North Carolina Division of Land Resources (NCDI,R), 1985. Geologic Map of North
Carolina. North Carolina Geological Swvey, Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina. Division of Water Qual.it,l (NCDW(~J, 2002.. NC Water Quality Assessment
and Impaired Waters List (2002 Integrated 305(6) and 303(d) Report), Public Review
Draft, )~.ine ?.002. Modeling; and TMDT.. t lciit, Raleigh, NC. World Wide Web:
fitfp://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/nzidl/1'DFs/nc2k list.pdf. Accessed on July 3, 2003.

Assessment and Impaired Waters List ('L002 Integrated 305(6) anal 303(d) Report). NC
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Watex Quality Section. Raleigh,
North. Carolina.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (~~~;~;17`"J~i), 2p03i~. ?tinbi.ent Monitoring
Network Department of L;nvir_onment and Natural Resources, Water Quality
Sect'.on, Envi.toT.r..t~en.tal Sciences I3~-~~nclc. World ~Uid~~ ~;/cab. Accessed on June 19,
2003. htt~~w<vw_esh_crr.,_st,;~t;_~.nc;,ra15~ati_ons/at:-is.httn
Page 33 of 35

North Ca,olilia Division of Water Quality (NCDWC~, 2003c. NCDWQ's Fish Corninuni~.y
Database - NCIBI Scores and Ratings, Little Tennessee River Basin. NC
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Water Quality Section,
Environmental Sciences Branch. World Wide Web. Accessed on June 19, 2003.
http://www.esb.enr.state.nc.us/IBIrate.htm
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ), 1999. Internal Guidance Manual,
Stream Classification Method, 2"d version. North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management;
Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDW~, 1995. Guidance for Rating the
Values of Wetlands in North Carolina - 4`~ Version. North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management;
Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina State University (NCSU), 1999. Soil Systems in North Carolina. Technical
Bulletin 314. Soil Science Department, Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC), 2003. North Caroluia Atlas of
Freshwater Mussels and Endangered Fish. Wildlife Species and Conservation.
World Wide Web: http://www.ncwildlife org/pg07 WildlifeSpeciesCon/
pg71~ 1.htin. Accessed on January 27, '?
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell, 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the
Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Rohde, Fred C., Rudolf G. Arndt, David G. Lindquist, and James l~. Parnell; 1994.
Freshwater Fishes of the Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. University of
NorthCarolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Page 34 of 35

.,.t: ~.y j J .,
tft~.~ti~.., is/1. 1 aCic :,.._. ~. ,.. , l,1dSo .!.`r,'i~Ci1 :J1 .,.~ ~'vaiLl._ai ~.Ollu-Q1t1,111i'S C~i
North Carolina, A Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
Division of Parks and Rcc ration, Department of Environment, Health and Natural
;.:esot.irccs 1 a)s ~ ~1,, NC.
Sherrill, Michael L., 1997. Soil Survey of Jackson County. Soil Conservation Service, United
States Depa.rtrizent of Agric~~l.ture
Stokes, Donald and Lillian, 1996. Stokes Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Little,
Brown, and Company, New Yo?:k, NY.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 1992. Endangered and Threatened Species of the
Southeastern United States (The Red Book), Region 4. Schweinitz's Sunflower
(Helianthars schweinittiiz). Department of the Interior, Division of Endangered Species.
LJ.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2003. NWISWeb Data fox North Carolina. World Wide
Web: ~i~tg•//~vaterdata usgs gov/nc/n~vis/n~visman/
>site_ no=0_2._14655255Rra~encv cd=USGS. Accessed on. July1, 2003.
__.- ~ .,
~Xlebster, W. D., J. F. Pa.trleJJ, and W. C. Burs, jr.., 1985. Mammals of t:he Csro]inas,
Virginia, and Ivlaryland. University o£ North (:alroliiia Press, Chapel I-iill, NC.
Page 35 of 35

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Prepared For:
P~iOJECT VICINITY
„ r' `°• 03-4349
`" ,~ fridge 9do. 3b on Dicks Creek Ad. (SF~ 1388) over Dicks C7eak
~'~ `~...~ Jackson Colar~ty, North Carolina

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Prepared For: SOIL MAPPING UNITS ____._~__
'~~~`"° B-4349
Brid e No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388
' ! 9
''~~a..•~°' Jackson County, North Carolina

B-4349

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~' d~
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Table 1. Existing Soils - Bridge Maintenance, Jackson Co.
Available
Water High Shrink- Site
Taxonomy slope Hydric Drainage Capacity Water swell Index
Symbol Series (Subgroup) (%) Permeability Glass. Class. (in) Table Potential Productivity
ChF Cheoah Typic 50-95 moderately rapid -
channery Haplumbrept
loam
JtF Junaluska- Typic Hapludult 50-95 moderate -
Tsali
complex
5rD Spivey- Typic 15-30 moderately rapid -
Santeetlah Haplumbrept
complex
SrE Spivey- Typic 30-50 moderately rapid -
Santeetlah Haplumbrept
complex

Notes:
W . Well drained
W moderate >6 ft Low 74-103
W moderate >6ft Low 52-86
W moderate >6ft Low 80.100
W low to >6ft Low 80-100
moderate

Tab9e 2. Protected Species Listed for .Dackson Cotanty, North Carolina
Habitat
Federal State Preferred Available in
Common Name Scientific Name Status Status Habitat Study Area

Vertebrates
Appalachian Bewick's Thryomanes FSC E Woodland borders or openings, Yes
wren bewickii altos farmlands or brushy fields, at high
elevations [breeding season only]
Brown Creeper Certhia americana - SC Mountain high elevation forests, favoring No
spruce-fir mixed with hardwoods.
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrines - E Nests in high mountain cliffs. No
Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus - SC Rocky, upland forests. No
Green salamander Aneides aeneus FSC E Damp, shaded crevices of cliffs or rock No
outcrops in deciduous forests (southern
mountains)
Hellbender Cryptobranchus FSC SC Large and clear fast-flowing streams Yes
alleganiensis
Northern pine snake Pituophis FSC _ Sandhills with pines and scrub oaks, and No
melanoleucus sandy flatwoods
Olive darter Percina squamata FSC SC Tennessee drainages Yes
Wounded Darter Etheostoma - SC Streams of Little Tennessee system; Yes
vulneratum perhaps extirpated from French Broad
system.
Rosyside dace Clinostomus FSC SC Little Tennessee drainage Yes
funduloides sp. 1
"Sicklefin" redhorse Moxostama sp. FSC SR (PT) Little Tennessee and Hiwassee Rivers No
Yellowfin Shiner Noiropis lutipinnis - SC Savannah, Little Tennessee, and Broad Yes
drainages in NC [only the Savannah and
Little Tennessee drainages are listed as
SC]
Southern Appalachian Poecile atricapillus FSC SC High elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir No
black-capped chickadee practices [breeding season only]
Southern Appalachian Loxia curvirostra FSC SC Coniferous forests, preferably spruce-fir No
red crossbill
Southern Appalachian Aegolius acadicus FSC T Spruce-fir forests or mixed No
saw-whet owl hardwood/spruce forests (for nesting)
[breeding season only]
Southern Appalachian Sphyrapicus varies FSC SC Mature, open hardwoods with scattered Yes
yellow-bellied sapsucker appalaciensis dead trees [breeding season only]
Southern Appalachian Neotoma floridana FSC SC Rocky places in deciduous or mixed Yes
woodrat haematoreia forests, in southern mountains and
adjacent Piedmont
1

.,•
Wounded darter
Southern rock vole
Etheostoma FSC SC Streams of Little Tennessee system;
vulneratum perhaps extirpated from French Broad .
system
Microtus FSC SC Rocky areas at high elevations, forests
r•.hrotorrhinus or fields
carolinensis
Invertebrates
Engraved Covert Fumonelix Orestes - T Plott Balsam mountains (endemic to this
area).
Smoky Mountain Covert Inflectarius ferrissi - T** Great Smoky Mountains and Plott
Bellsams (endemic to these ranges).
Wavy-rayed lampmussel Lampsilis fasciola - SC French Broad, Pigeon, and Little
Tennessee Rivers; currently known only
in the Little Tennessee River.
Black mantleslug Pallifera hemphilli - SC** High elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir.
Dwarf proud globe Patera clarki - SC** Southwestern NC mountains, west of the
foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment.
Rainho~rr Villn;a irc, - SC French Broad, Hiwassee, and Little
-l ennessee Rivers; currently only known
in the state from the Little Tennessee
River.
Oconee stream crayfish Cambarus - SC Streams in the Savannah drainage
chauyaensia (endemic to northwest SC and adjacent
NC, GA)
Little Tennessee River Cambarus - SC Streams in the Little Tennesee River
cra~fi~~.F~ georgiae drainage.
Diana ritiiiury butterfly ~peyeri~l c7~>r7~ E-mac, SFi inch wuod:> and aa;accnt edges and
openings; believed extirpated from the
lower Piedmont; host plants -- violets
(Viola )
~.. ..... _.. ..~.:,~,...~~ ~.,:.f, i,~..,i ~ ~,.. ~ ~ ~uvi~..t:: li.~', ~, ,~ .. <.Ili:i III
reburrus headwaters
-f"awny crescent butterfly Phyciodes batesii FSC* SFi Rocky ridges, woodland openings, at
rnaconensis nigher elevations; host plants -- asters,
mainh/ Aster undulatus
Whitewater crayfish Dactyloctythere f=SC SR Cold streams of Savannah drainage in
ostracod prinsi Jackson County (endemic to NC, but
possible in adjacent SC and GA)
Vascular Plants
Butternut Juc,~l~n:, cinE:r~:: F:>~; - Prof^I°> rich, moist ,oils, along stre.:r~~~I
courses, also on rocky hills.
Carolina saxifrag=.; Saxifraya F5C SR-"i high to middle elevation moist cliffs and
caroliniana rock outcrops
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
i rJ
No
No
Y> ;
No
2

Cuthbert's turtlehead Chelone cuthbertii FSC SR-L Found in bogs No
Divided-leaf ragwort Senecio FSC T Found on granitic domes and other No
millefolium outcrops
Fraser fir Abies fraseri FSC - High elevation peaks (>4921 ft) in the No
southern Appalachians. Often occurs
with red spruce (Picea rubens), but the
relative dominance of fir increases above
6234 ft, and A. fraseri occurs in almost
pure stands on exposed summits and
ridges.
Eraser's loosestrife Lysimachia fraseri FSC E Found in forests, on roadsides Yes
Glade spurge Euphorbia FSC SR-T Forests, especially over mafic rock No
purpurea
Gorge filmy fern Hymenophyllum FSC - Restricted to deeply sheltered, No
tayloriae continuously moist habitats in the
southern Applachians. Onty a few,
extremely small sites have been found.
Granite dome goldenrod Solidago simulans FSC - Endemic to granitic domes in the vicinity No
of the NC-SC-GA tristate boundary.
Occurs at only a few sites, only one of
which is protected.
Lobed barren-strawberry Wafdsteinia Iobata FSC` - High steep slopes, terraces above No
watercourses with constant high humidity
and shade. Often part of the shallow
mantle of moss and duff that covers
boulders or river bluff ledges;
characterized by stands of
Rhododendron spp. and mountain laurel
(Kalmia latifolia).
Mountain bittercress Cardamine FSC SR-T Moss or moist soil in or along rocky No
clematitis stream banks or seeps within spruce and
spruce-fir-hardwood forests at elevations
above 1370 m
Mountain catchfly Silene ovata FSC SR-T Rich slopes, cove forests, montane oak- Yes
hickory forests
Mountain thaspium Thaspium FSC` - Occurs in forests and woodlands with No
pinnatifidum calcareous bedrock
Radford's sedge Carex radfordii FSC - Calcareous, often rocky, well-drained No
soils of mesic cove forests and
woodlands; most known sites are on
very nutrient-rich, alkaline or neutral soils
from weathered rocks of the Brevard or
Chauga Belt.
Southern Oconee bells Shortia gafacifolia FSC E-SC Streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in No
var. gafacifolia humid gorges.
Sweet pinesap Monotropsis FSC SR-T Found in dry forests and on bluffs Yes
odorata
3

Tall larkspur Delphinium FSC E-SC Grassy balds, glades, woodlands, mostly No
exaltatum over mafic rock
Goldenseal Hydrastis - E-SC Cove forests, other rich deciduous Yes
canadensis forests in mountain and piedmont
regions.
Prairie dropseed Sporobolus - E Olivine barrens in mountain regions. No
heterofepis
Appalachian filmy-fern Trichomanes - T Mountain regions; spray zone of No
boschianum waterfalls, seeps over rock.
Dwarf filmy-fern Trichomanes - T Moist rocks in mountain gorges. No
petersii
Mottled trillium Trillium discolor - T Rich mountain region coves in the No
Savannah River drainage.
Torrey's mountian-mint Pycnanthemum FSC' SR-T Found in dry upland forests and No
torrei woodlands, over mafic rocks
Non-Vascular Plants
A liverwort Plagiochila FSC SR-L On moist rocks in spray zones of No
sullivantii var. waterfalls
spinigera
A liverwort Plagiochila - E Rocks and streambanks in humid No
caduciloba gorges, spray zone of waterfalls.
Highlands moss Srhlotheimia - 7' In mountains, found on bark of Yes
lancifolia hardwoods in cove forests.
Ammons's tortula Tortula - E Shaded rock faces, probably with No
ammonsiana nutrient-rich seepage.
A liverwort Plagiochila FSC - -
sullivantii var.
sullivantii
A liverwort Pagiochila sharpii FSC SR-L Damp rockfaces in humid gorges, high No
elevation rocky summits
A liverwort Plagiochila FSC SR-L Rockfaces in spray zone of waterfalls, No
virginica var. other moist rockfaces
caroliniana
n, i,~ --;;v~-~~ ~nnnnlc°,~~~~ ~ FSC PE On hark of Fraser Firs in spruce-fir No

A liverwort Chiloscyphus FSC SFi-T On rock faces in spray zone of waterfalls No
appalachianus
Gorge moss Bryocrumia FSC E Rocks and streambanks in humid No .
vivicolor gorges, spray zones of waterfalls
Notes:
E Endangered
T Threatened
FSC Federal Species
of Concern
PE Proposed
Endangered
A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its rang::."
A species that may or may not be listed in the future (formerly C2 candidate species or species
under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient information to support listing.)
A species that has been formally proposed for listing as Endangered but has
not yet completed the legally mandated listing process.
4

PT Proposed A species tf~at has been formally proposed for listing as Threatened but has
Threatened not yet cornpleted the legally mandated listing process.
SC Special Concern Any species of wild animal native or once-native: to North Carolina which is determined by the N.C.
Wildlife Resources Commission to require monitoring but which may be taken under certain regulations.
SR Significantly Rare Any species which has not been listed by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission as Endangered,
Threatened, or Special Concern species, but which exists in the state in small numbers and has been
determined by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring.
C Candidate Species which are very rare in North Carolina and are substantially reduced in numbers by habitat
destruction. They are also rare throughout their ranges and their fate depends on conservation in NC.
These species are likely to merit listing as Endangered or Threatened if habitat destruction continues.
-L Limited The range of the species is limited to NC and adjacent states (endemic or near endemic). These are
species which may have 20 to 50 populations in NC, but fewer than 50 populations rangewide.
-T Throughout These species are rare throughout their ranges (fewer than 100 populations total)
• Historic Record The species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
•" Obscure Record The date the element was last observed in the county or quad is uncertain.
5

B-4349
l ~rid,~c No. 36 ovr.r Licks <_'reck on SR 138$ '~
Jackson County
Page 1 of 5
1. Looking west along Dick's Creek Rd. at Bridge No. 36.
?. Looking west at drainage ditch on roadside alone Dick's Creek Ind. from end of
residential driveway with residential garden area on right.

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B-4349
Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1.388
Jackson County
Page 2 of 5
3. Looking east along Dick's Creek Rd. from Bridge No. 36 towards house.
4. Looking east along road towards Bridge No. 36.

B-4349 `~
Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 ~
Jackson County
Page 3 of 5
5. Looking west towards the church from Bridge No. 36.
6. Looking cast along Dick's Crcelc I:d. from Bridge No. 36.

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B-4349
Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388
Jackson County
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Page 4 of 5
7. Looking east at stream south of the bridge.
8. Looking northwest towards downstream reach of Dick's Creek.

J
B-4349 •
~r•i~a~>e No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR l 38`~ ~
~aC~SOn COllnly .,
Page 5 of 5
9. Looking east at downstream view of Dick's Creek.
~: ~. ,
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10. Looking north from road into Shore pedestrian Path across from the church.

~ NJq]'F Michael F. Easley, Governor
\O~~ RpG William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
~ r - Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
> ~ Acting Director
p .~ D(vision of Water duality
November 2, 2001
Jackson County
DWQ Project No. 011578
Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 over Dicks Creek
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification with Additional Conditions
Mr. J.D. Metcalfe, Bridge Maintenance Engineer
NCDOT Division 14
P.O. Box 77
Whittier, NC 28789
Dear Mr. Metcalfe:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those listed below, to impact
1001inear feet of Dicks Creek in order to replace Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 in Jackson County. The
project should be constructed in accordance with your application dated October 24, 2001 (received
29 October 2001). After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by
General Water Quality Certification No. 3289 corresponding to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Nationwide Permit Number 14. In addition, you should acquire any other federal, state or local
permits before you proceed with your project including (but not limited to) Sediment and Erosion
Control, Non-Discharge and Water Supply Watershed regulations. This approval will expire with the
accompanying §404 permit unless otherwise specified in the Water Quality Certification.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application except as
modified below. If you change your project, you must notify us in writing, and you may be required
to send us a new application. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this
Certification and approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying with all conditions. If total
wetland fills for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre or if stream impacts exceed 150
linear feet, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506 (h) (6)
and (7). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached
certification and any additional conditions listed below.
1. NCDOT shall use their Best Management Practices (BMPs) for bridge demolition to minimize
turbidity and habitat damage. If practicable, the use of turbidity curtains is encouraged.
2. Sedimentation and Erosion Control Guidelines for Sensitive Watersheds (15A NCAC 4B .0024)
must be implemented prior to any ground-disturbing activities to minimize impacts to
downstream aquatic resources. Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation shall be planted
on all bare soil within 10 days of ground-disturbing activities to provide long term erosion
control
3. In-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot wide buffer zone are prohibited during the
trout spawning season of October IS through Apri115, or other conditions as determined by the
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, to protect the egg and fry stages of trout from
sedimentation during construction.
4. The bridge and the temporary pipes shall be installed in such a manner that the original stream
profile is not altered (i.e. the depth of the channel must not be reduced by a widening of the
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certtflcation Unit,
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27b'9.5.1850 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (L.ocation)
919-733-1788 (phone), 919-733-6893 (fax), httpJ/h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetfands/

streambed). Existing stream dimensions are to be maintained above and below the bridge and
temporary pipes. The pipes must be countersunk one foot to allow for passage of fish and other
aquatic life.
5. All work shall be performed during low flow conditions.
6. All mechanized equipment operated near surface waters must be regularly inspected and
maintained to prevent contamination of stream waters from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or
other toxic materials.
7. The presence of equipment in the channels must be minimized. Under no circumstances shall
rock, sand or other materials be dredged from the wetted stream channel under authorization of
this permit, except in the immediate vicinity of the culverts.
8. Existing vegetated buffers shall not be mowed in order to utilize it for storm water sheet flow.
9. Use of rip-rap for bank stabilization is to be minimized; rather, native vegetation is to be planted
when practical. If necessary, rip-rap must be limited to the stream bank below the high water
mark, and vegetation must be used for stabilization above high water.
Upon completion of the project, the NCDOT. shall complete and return the enclosed
"Certificate of Completion" form to notify NCDWQ when all work included in the §401
Certification has been completed. The responsible party shall complete the attached form
and return it to the 401/Wetlands Unit of the NC Division of Water Quality upon
completion of the project.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory
hearing. You must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing,
send a written petition that conforms to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the
Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, N.C. 27699-6714. This
certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean
Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone Ms. Cynthia Van Der Wiele at 919.733.5715
or Mr. Mike Parker of the Asheville Regional Office at 828.251.6208.
Attachment
'nc ly,
1 QY
g J. Thorpe, h.D.
cti g irector
Pc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers •
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
NCDWQ Asheville Regional Office
' ~''•` `~`• s~'Central Files ~' '
File Copy ' ,:. ~ •r~r ,;? ::. .
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTT~IENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GUVLRNOR
O. I30;C 77, wH(TTIER, NC ZS789
October 24, 2001
Mr. Robert Ridings
Division of Water Quality
401/ Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Subject: Nationwide 401 Permit Application
Bridge 36 on SR 1388 -Dicks Creek
Jackson County
Dear Mr. Ridings:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
-,
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I have enclosed a PCN application, a location map, and a brief project description
for the replacement of Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 in Jackson County. The bridge will be
replaced with ~ 50~ oot span cored slab stricture. -
Bridge #36 in Jackson County is a small bridge that we are going to replace with a
~0-foot span cored slab structure. There will be no interior_bents. A temporary bridge
made of dirt, rip-rah, and several lines of large pipe will first be installed to handle all
traffic flow while the bridge is being constructed. Piles will first be driven at the end
bents for the cored slabs to sit on. As soon as the cored slabs are placed regular traffic
will resume and the temporary bridge will be taken out. If spread footings are
recommended cofferdams will be installed in the creek to perform work in the dry.
Bridge No. 36 spans a small stream named Dicks Creek. The drainage area for the
stream is approximately 85 - 90% forest and woodlands. This site is not in violation of
any DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules. Any potential
impacts from sedimentation downstream of the project site will be avoided by the
implementation of appropriate BMP's.
Your earliest consideration for this request would be greatly appreciated.
If you have nay questions or information needs, please call me at [phone].
~.
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REC~~!.~~~D

Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 Page 2 October 24, 2001
Your earliest consideration for this request would be greatly appreciated. If you
have any questions or information needs, please call me at [phone].
Sincerely, _
~~-vJ.-
~(r-- J.D. Metcalfe
Division 14 Bridge Maintenance Engineer
Enclosures
BTW:btw
cc. Mr. Mark Davis, DEO
File
Bridge Maintenance, P.O. B. 77, Whittier, NC 28789 Telephone [phone] Fax [phone]
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Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) Application Form
For Section 404 and/or Section 10 Nationwide, Regional and General Permits, Section 401
General Water Quality Certifications, and Riparian Buffer and Watershed Buffer Rules
This form is to be used for projects qualifying for any of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USAGE)
Nationwide, Regional or General Permits as required by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act, and for the North Carolina Division of Water Quality's
(DVVQ) associated General 401 Water Quality Certifications. This form is also to be used for any
project requiring approval under any Riparian Buffer Rules implemented by the N.C. Division of Water
Quality. This fornl should not be used if you are requesting an Individual 404 Permit or Individual 401
Water Quality Certification. The USAGE Individual Permit application form is available online at
http://www.saw.usace.armY.mil/wetlands/Perm anp.htm.
The USAGE is the lead regulatory agency. To review the requirements for the use of Nationwide,
Regional or General permits, and to determine which permit applies to your project, please go to the
USAGE website at htte//www.saw.usace.army.mil/wetlands/re<~tour.htm, or contact one of the field
offices listed at the end of this application. The website also lists the responsible project manager for
each county in North Carolina and provides additional information regarding the identification and
regulation of wetlands and waters of the U.S.
The DWQ issues a corresponding Certification (General or Individual), and cannot tell the applicant
which 401 Certification will apply until the 404 Permit type has been determined by the USAGE.
Applicants are encouraged to visit DWQ's 401/Wetlands Unit website at
http://}i2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands to read about current requirements for the 401 Water Quality
Certification Program and to determine whether or not Riparian Buffer Rules are applicable. The
applicant is also advised to read the full text of the General Certification (GC) matching the specific 404
Permit requested. In some cases, written approval for some General Certifications is not required,
provided that the applicant adheres to all conditions of the GC. Applicants lacking access to the Internet
should contact DWQ's Central Office in Raleigh at [phone].
Trout Waters Coordination - Special coordination with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC) is also required for projects occurring in any of North Carolina's twenty-five
counties that contain trout waters. In such cases,'the applicant should contact the appropriate NCWRC
regional coordinator (listed by county on the last page of this application).
Page 1 of 12

CAMA Coordination - If the project occurs in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on
the last page of this application) the applicant should also contact the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management (DCM) at [phone]. DCM will determine whether or not the project involves a
designated Area of Environmental Concern, in which case DCM will act as the lead pernlitting agency.
In such cases, DCM will require a Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) Permit and will coordinate
the 404/401 Permits.
USACC Permits -Submit one copy of this form, along with supporting narratives, maps, data forms,
photos, etc. to the applicable USACE Regulatory Field Office (addresses are listed at the end •of this
application). Upon receipt of an application, the USACE will determine if the application is complete as
soon as possible, not to exceed 30 days. This PCN form is designed for the convenience of the applicant
to address information needs for all USACE Nationwide, Regional or General permits, as well as
information required for State authorizations, certifications, and coordination. Fully providing the
inforn~ation requested on this form will result in a complete application for any of the USACE
Nationwide, Regional or General permits. To review the minimum amount of information that must be
provided for a complete PCN for each USACE Nationwide permit, see Condition 13, 65 Fed.Reg. 12893
(March 9, 2000), available at http://w~rw.saw.usace.armv.mil/wetlands/nwpfinalFedRe~.pdf.
Processing times vary by permit and begin once the application has been determined to be complete.
Please contact the appropriate regulatory field office for specific answers to permit processing periods.
401 Water Quality Certification or Buffer Rules -All information is required unless otherwise stated
as optional. Incomplete applications will be returned. Submit seven collated copies of all USACE
Permit materials to the Division of Water Quality, 401/Wetlands Unit, 1650 Mail Service Center,
Raleigh, NC, 27699-1650. If written approval is required or specifically requested fora 401
Certification, then anon-refundable application fee is required. In brief, if project impacts include less
than one acre of cumulative wetland/water impacts and less than 150 feet cumulative impacts to
streams, then a fee of $200 is required. If either of these thresholds is exceeded, then a fee of $475 is
required. A check made out to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality, with the specific name of
the project or applicant identified, should be stapled to the front of the application package. For more
information, see the DWQ website at http://h2o.ehnr.state.nc.usMcwetlands/fees.html. The fee must be
attached with the application unless the applicant is a federal agency in which case the check may be
issued from a separate office. In such cases, the project must be identifiable on the U.S. Treasury check
so that it can be credited to the appropriate project. If written approval is sought solely for Buffer Rules,
the application fee does not apply, and the applicant should clearly state (in a cover letter) that only
Buffer Rule approval is sought in writing. Wetlands or waters of the U.S. may not be impacted prior to
issuance or waiver of a Section 401 Water Quality Certification. Upon receipt of a complete application
fora 401 Certification, the Division of Water Quality has 60 days to prepare a written response to the
applicant. This may include a 401 Certification, an on-hold letter pending receipt of additional
requested information, or denial.
-~-
Page 2 of 12

Office Use Only: Form Version April 2001
5 ~ „~
USAGE Action ID No. ~ DWQ No.
If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A" rather than
leaving the space blank.
I. Processinb
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit
^ Section 10 Permit
® 401 Water Quality Certification
^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested:
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (see section VIII -Mitigation), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: NC Department of Transportation c/o J. D. Metcalfe
Mailing Address: PO Box 77 Whittier, NC 28789
Telephone Number: 1-828-497-7953 Fax Number: 1-828-497-6095
E-mail Address: jmetcalfendot.state.nc.us
2. Agent Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter must be
attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Page 3 of 12

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Bride 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 in Jackson County.
2. T.LP. Project Number (NCDOT Only): 8.2961501
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Jackson Nearest Town: Sylva
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): From Asheville take I-40 West
and exit off at exit 27 onto US 74-19-23. Take US 74 West and after passing Sylva take a
right onto SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Rd.). Bridge 36 will he approximately 2 miles up the road
just past a small white church on the right.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or LatlLong): 39D 20M l S N 17D 29M 47S I';
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Describe the existing land use or condition of the site at the time of this application:
Undeveloped forestland and farmland
7. Property size (acres):
8. Nearest body of water (stream river/sound/ocean/lake): Dicks Creek (Class C Tr)
M•
9. River Basin: Little Tennessee
Page 4 of 12

(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
Describe the purpose of the proposed work: Existin~id~e to be removed and replaced with
a one 50 foot span cored slab structure. There will he no interior bents. A temporary bride
made of dirt, Rip-Rap, and several lines of large ape will first be installed to handle all
traffic flow while the bride is being constructed. Piles will first be driven at the end bents
for the cored slabs to sit on. As soon as the cored slabs are placed regular traffic will resume
and the temporar~ae will be taken out. If spread footings arc recommended cofferdams
will be installed in the creek to perform work in the dry.
10. List the type of equipment to be used to construct the project:
Backhoe, boomtruck, trackhoe etc.
1 1. Describe the land use in the vicinity of this project:
Undeveloped forestland and farmland
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.LP. project, along with
construction schedules.
No prior jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested for this project. This
is not a T1P nroiect.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any additional permit requests anticipated for this project in the future? If so, describe the
anticipated work, and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current
application: No permits will be requested in the future.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Watcrs of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
Page 5 of 12

provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation fornls should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Wetland Impacts
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
acres Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(es/no) Distance to
Nearest Streatn
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but arc not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, Hooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains arc identiticd through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps arc available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-500-358-9616, or
online at http:lfwww.tcma.gov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (c.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina I3ay, bog, etc.)
List the total acreage (estimated) of existing wetlands on the property: 0
Total area of wetland impact proposed: 0
2. Stream Impacts, including all intermittent and perennial streams
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Im act Perennial or
Intermittent?
(leases ecif )
1 Rip-rap 60' Greens Creek 10' Perennial
2 CMPA&Rip-rap 40' Greens Creek 10' Perennial

~'
* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but arc not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and atier, and net loss/gain),
Page 6 of 12

stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc, If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and prolilcs showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream narned stream into which it flows. USGS maps arc available through the USGS at 1-800-353-9616, or online at
wtvw.uscs.;tov. Several Internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., tvute.toportme.com,
tvwu'.mnpqucst.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: 100'
3. Open Water Impacts, including Lakes, Ponds, Estuaries, Sounds, Atlantic Ocean and any
other Water of the U.S.
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
acres)
Name of Waterbody
(if applicable) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound
ba ,ocean, etc.)

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
4. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream itnpacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dan~/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss flow impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
Silt fence and annronriate BMP's will be~used around the iJroiect to reduce run-off into the
stream. We tried building the bride by cutting it in half and lettins; traffic flow one half at a
time. This is not feasible because of high traffic flow and the narrowness of the bridge.
Page 7 of 12

VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strn~Lide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as tnueh information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
Mitigation is not needed for this project.
.'
Page 8 of 12

2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP) with the NCWRP's written agreement. Check the box indicating that
you would like to pay into the NCWRP. Please note that payment into the NCWRP must be
reviewed and approved before it can be used to satisfy mitigation requirements. Applicants
will be notified early in the review process by the 401/Wetlands Unit if payment into the
NCWRP is available as an option. For additional information regarding the application
process for the NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http:~/1,2o.cnr.state.nc.ush~~rp~indes.htm. If
use of the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide
the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. IJnvironmental Documentation (DWQ Only)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public funds or the use of public (federal/state/local)
land?
Yes ® No ^
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ^ No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ^ No
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (DWQ Only)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ^ No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Page 9 of 12

Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
s uare feet Multiplier Required
Mitigation
I 3
2 1.5
Total
~' Gone 1 extentls out 3U Ieet pcrpendtcular Irom near bank of channel; Lone 2 extends an
additiona120 feet from the edge of Zone I.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
XI. Stormwatcr (DWQ Only)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
The drainage area for the small creek is approximately 85-90% forest and woodlands. Silt fence
and appropriate BMP's will be used around the project to reduce run-off into the stream.
XII. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Only)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
No wastewater will he generated from the project.
XIII. Violations (DWQ Only)
Is this site in violation of D~VQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Y'
t
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ^ No
Page 10 of 12

XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
ApplicanUAgent's Signature ~ ~ Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
US Army Corps Of Engineers Field Offices and County Coverage
Asheville Regulatory Field Office Alexander Cherokee lredell Mitchell
US Army Corps of Engineers Avery Clay Jackson Polk
151 Patton Avenue Buncombe Cleveland Lincoln Rowan
Room 208 Burke Gaston Macon Rutherford
Asheville, NC 28801-5006 Cabarrus Graham Madison Stanley
Telephone: [phone] Caldwell Haywood McDowell Swain
Fax: [phone] Catawba Henderson Mecklenburg Transylvania
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office Alamance Durham Johnston Rockingham
US Army Corps Of Engineers Alleghany Edgecombe Lee Stokes
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road Ashe Franklin Nash Surry
Suite 120 Caswell Forsyth Northampton Vance
Raleigh, NC 27615 Chatham Granville Orange Wake
Telephone: [phone] Davidson Guilford Person \Varren
Fax: [phone] Davie Halifax Randolph Wilkes
Washington Regulatory Field Office Beaufort Currituck Jones
US Army Corps Of Engineers Bertie Dare Lenoir
Post Office Box 1000 Camden Gates Martin
Washington, NC 27889-1000 Carteret* Green Pamlico
Telephone: [phone] Chowan Hertford Pasquotank
Fax: [phone] Craven Hyde Perquimans
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office Anson Duplin Onslow
US Army Corps Of Engineers Bladen Harnett Pender
Post Office Box 1890 Brunswick Hoke Richmond
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890 Carteret IVrontgomery Robeson
Telephone: [phone] Columbus 'Moore Sampson
Fax: [phone] Cumberland New Hanover Scotland
Pitt
Tyrrell
Washington
Wayne
D/2Z
Union
Watauga
Yancey
Wilson
Yadkin
*Croatan National Forest Only
Page 11 of 12

US Fish and Wildlife Service /National Marine Fisheries Service
US Fish and Wildlife Service US Fish and Wildlife Service National Marine Fisheries Service
Raleigh Field Office Asheville Field Office Habitat Conservation Division
Post Office Box 33726 160 Zillicoa Street Pivers Island
Raleigh, NC 27636-3726 Asheville, NC 28801 Beaufort, NC 28516
Telephone: [phone] Telephone: [phone] Telephone: [phone]
North Carolina State Agencies
Division of Water Quality
401 Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Telepf~one: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands Restoration Program
1619 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
State Historic Preservation Office
Department Of Cultural Resources
4617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4617
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
CAMA and NC Coastal Counties
Division of Coastal Management Beaufort Chowan Hertford Pasquotank
1638 Mail Service Center Bertie Craven Hyde Ponder
Raleigh, NC 27699-1638 Brunswick Currituck New Hanover Perquimans
Telephone: [phone] Camden Dare Onslow Tyrrell
Fax: [phone] - Carteret Gates Pamlico Washington
NCWRC and NC Trout Counties
Western Piedmont Region Coordinator Alleghany Caldwell Watauga
3855 Idlewild Road Ashe Mitchell Wilkes
Kernersville, NC 27284-9180 Avery Stokes
Telephone: [phone] Burke Surry
Mountain Region Coordinator Buncombe Henderson Polk
20830 Great Smoky Mtn. Expressway Cherokee Jackson Rutherford
Waynesville, NC 28786 Clay Macon Swain
Telephone: [phone] Graham Madison Transylvania
Fax: [phone] Haywood McDowell Yancey
Page 12 of 12

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STATE OF NORTI-I CAROLINA
DI/PARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
P. O. BOX 77, WHITTIER, NC 23759
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
October 24, 2001
Mr. Robert Ridings
Division of Water Quality
401/ Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Subject: Nationwide 401 Permit Application
Bridge 36 on SR 1388 -Dicks Creek
Jackson County
Dear Mr. Ridings:
I have enclosed a PCN application, a location map, and a brief project description
for the replacement of Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388 in Jackson County. The bridge will be
replaced with a 50-foot span cored slab structure.
Bridge #36 in Jackson County is a small bridge that we are going to replace with a
~0-foot span cored slab structure. There will be no interior bents. A temporary bridge
made of dirt, rip-rap, and several lines of large pipe will first be installed to handle all
traffic flow while the bridge is being constructed. Piles will first be driven at the end
bents for the cored slabs to sit on. As soon as the cored slabs are placed regular traffic
will resume and the temporary bridge will be taken out. If spread footings are
recommended cofferdams will be installed in the creek to perform work in the dry.
Bridge No. 36 spans a small stream named Dicks Creek. The drainage area for the
stream is approximately 85 - 90% forest and woodlands. This site is not in violation of
any DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules. Any potential
impacts from sedimentation downstream of the project site will be avoided by the
implementation of appropriate BMP's.
Your earliest consideration for this request would be greatly appreciated.
If you have nay questions or information needs, please call me at [phone].
ro.
Q'

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Bridge No. 36 on SR 1388
Page 2
October 24, 2001
Your earliest consideration for this request would be greatly appreciated. If you
have any questions or information needs, please call me at [phone].
Sincerely,
Enclosures
BTW:btw
cc. Mr. Mark Davis, DEO
File
~U-- J.D. Metcalfe
Division 14 Bridge Maintenance Engineer
Bride Maintenance, P.O. B. 77, Whittier, NC 28789 Telephone [phone] Fax [phone]
.,.
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Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) Application Form
For Section 404 and/or Section 10 Nationwide, Regional and General Permits, Section 401
General Water Quality Certifications, and Riparian Buffer and Watershed Buffer Rules
This form is to be used for projects qualifying for any of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USAGE)
Nationwide, Regional or General Permits as required by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act, and for the North Carolina Division of Water Quality's
(DWQ) associated General 401 Water Quality Certifications. This form is also to be used for any
project requiring approval under any Riparian Buffer Rules implemented by the N.C. Division of Water
Quality. This form should not be used if you are requesting an Individual 404 Permit or Individual 401
Water Quality Certification. The USAGE Individual Permit application form is available online at
http://www.saw.usace.army.milhvetlands/Perm app.htm.
The USAGE is the lead regulatory agency. To review the requirements for the use of Nationwide,
Regional or General permits, and to determine which permit applies to your project, please go to the
USAGE website at httn:/hrnvw.saw.usace.arn~Y.mil/wetlands/re~~tour.htm, or contact one of the field
offices listed at the end of this application. The website also lists the responsible project manager for
each county in North Carolina and provides additional information regarding the identification and
regulation of wetlands and waters of the U.S.
The DWQ issues a corresponding Certification (General or Individual), and cannot tell the applicant
which 401 Certification will apply until the 404 Permit type has been determined by the USAGE.
Applicants are encouraged to visit DWQ's 401/Wetlands Unit website at
http:/lh2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands to read about current requirements for the 401 Water Quality
Certification Program and to determine whether or not Riparian Buffer Rules are applicable. The
applicant is also advised to read the full text of the General Certification (GC) matching the specific 404
Permit requested. In some cases, written approval for some General Certifications is not required,
provided that the applicant adheres to all conditions of the GC. Applicants lacking access to the Internet
should contact DWQ's Central Office in Raleigh at [phone].
Trout Waters Coordination -Special coordination with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC) is also required for projects occurring in any of North Carolina's twenty-five
counties that contain trout waters. In such cases,~the applicant should contact the appropriate NCWRC
regional coordinator (listed by county on the last page of this application).
Page 1 of 12

LAMA Coordination - If the project occurs in any of Nortli Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on
the last page of this application) the applicant should also contact the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management (DCM) at [phone]. DCM will determine whether or not the project involves a
designated, Area of Environmental Concern, in which case DCM will act as the lead perniitting agency.
In such cases, DCM will require a Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) Pernlit and will coordinate
the 404/401 Permits.
USACI/ Permits -Submit one copy of this form, along with supporting narratives, maps, data forms,
photos, etc. to the applicable USACE Regulatory Field Office (addresses are listed at the end •of this
application). Upon receipt of an application, the USACE will determine if the application is complete as
soon as possible, not to exceed 30 days. This PCN form is designed for the convenience of the applicant
to address information needs for all USACE Natiomvide, Regional or General permits, as well as
information required for State authorizations, certifications, and coordination. Fully providing the
infornation requested on this fornl will result in a complete application for any of the USACE
Nationwide, Regional or General permits. To review the minimum amount of information that must be
provided for a complete PCN for each USACE Nationwide permit, see Condition 13, 65 Fed.Reg. 12893
(March 9, 2000), available at http://www.saw.usace.arnw.mil/wetlands/nw~pfinalFedReg_pdf.
Processing times vary by permit and begin once the application has been determined to be complete.
Please contact the appropriate regulatory field office for specific answers to permit processing periods.
401 Water Quality Certification or Buffer Rules -All information is required unless otherwise stated
as optional. Incomplete applications will be returned. Submit seven collated copies of all USACE
Perniit materials to the Division of Water Quality, 401/Wetlands Unit, 1650 Mail Service Center,
Raleigh, NC, 27699-1650. If written approval is required or specifically requested fora 401
Certification, then anon-refundable application fee is required. In brief, if project impacts include less
than one acre of cumulative wetland/water impacts and less than 150 feet cumulative impacts to
streams, then a fee of $200 is required. If either of these thresholds is exceeded, then a fee of $475 is
required. A check made out to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality, with the specific name of
the project or applicant identified, should be stapled to the front of the application package. For more
information, see the DWQ website at http://h2o.ehnr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/fees.html. The fee must be
attached with the application unless the applicant is a federal agency in which case the check may be
issued from a separate office. In such cases, the project must be identifiable on the U.S. Treasury check
so that it can be credited to the appropriate project. If written approval is sought solely for Buffer Rules,
the application fee does not apply, and the applicant should clearly state (in a cover letter) that only
Buffer Rule approval is sought in writing. Wetlands or waters of the U.S. may not be impacted prior to
issuance or waiver of a Section 401 Water Quality Certification. Upon receipt of a complete application
fora 401 Certification, the Division of Water Quality has 60 days to prepare a written response to the
applicant. This may include a 401 Certification, an on-hold letter pending receipt of additional
requested information, or denial.
ti.
.'
Page 2 of 12

Office Use Only: _ Donn Version April 2001
USACIJ Action ID No. ~ D~VQ No.
If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A" rather than
leaving the space blank.
I. Processing
Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit
^ Section 10 Permit
® 401 Water Quality Certification
^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested:
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (see section VIII -Mitigation), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: NC Department of Transportation c/o J. D. Metcalfe
Mailing Address: PO Box 77 Whittier, NC 28789
Telephone Number: 1-828-497-7953 Fax Number: 1-828-497-6095
E-mail Address:_ lmetcalfendot.state.nc.us
2. Agent Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter must be
attached if the Agent leas signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address: ~-
Page 3 of 12

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Bride 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388 in Jackson County.
2. T.I.P. Project Number (NCDOT Only): 8.2961501
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Jackson Nearest Town: Sylva
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): From Asheville take I-40 West
and exit off at exit 27 onto US 74-19-23. Take US 74 West and after passinn Sylva take a
right onto SR 1388 (Dicks Creek Rd.). Bride 36 will be approximately 2 miles up the road
just past a small white church on the right.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long): 39D 20M 1 S N 17D 29M 47S >C
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Describe the existing land use or condition of the site at the time of this application:
Undeveloped forestland and farmland
7. Property size (acres):
8. Nearest body of water (stream river/sound/ocean/lake): Dicks Creek (Class C Tr)
9. River Basin: Little Tennessee
Page 4 of 12

(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.cnr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
Describe the purpose of the proposed work: Existing Bridt*e to be removed and replaced with
a_one 50 foot span cored slab structure. There will be no interior bents. A temporary bridge
made of dirt, Rip-Ran, and several lines of largL pipe will first be installed to handle all
trafftc flow while the bridge is being constructed. Piles will first be driven at the end bents
for the cored slabs to sit on. As soon as the cored slabs are placed regular trafftc will resume
and the temporary bride will be taken out. If spread footings are recommended cofferdams
will be installed in the creek to perform work in the dry,
10. List the type of equipment to be used to construct the project:
Backhoe, boomtntck, trackhoe etc.
1 1. Describe the land use in the vicinity of this project:
Undeveloped forestland and farmland
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
No prior jurisdictional determinations and/or pern~its have been requested for this project. This
is not a TIP project.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any additional permit requests anticipated for this project in the future? If so, describe the
anticipated work, and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current
application:_No permits will be requested in the future.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United Statcs/Waters of the State
~-
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
Page 5 of 12

provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Wetland Impacts
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(es/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation,llooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains arc identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIR>\4), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps arc available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at httii:iiivww.tcma.~ov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.)
List the total acreage (estimated) of e;cisting wetlands on the property: 0
Total area of wetland impact proposed: 0
2. Stream Impacts, including all intermittent and perennial streams
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Itn act Perennial or
Intermittent?
(leases ecif )
1 Rip-rap 60' Greens Creek 10' Perennial
2 CMPA&Rip-rap 40' Greens Creek 10' Perennial

.'
* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but arc not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
Page 6 of 12

stabilization activities (cement call, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and prolilcs showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps arc available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www.u~~~.~,m~. Several intemet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., ~~.vw.toponme.com.
www•mapquesLcom, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: 100'
3. Open Water Impacts, including Lakes, Ponds, Estuaries, Sounds, Atlantic Ocean and any
other Water of the U.S.
Open Water Impact

Site Nutnber
indicate on ma
*
Type of Impact Area of

Impact
acres
Name of Waterbody
(if applicable) Type of Waterbody

(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
ba ,ocean, etc.)

List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bullheads, etc.
4. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dan~/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
Silt fence and ahpropriate_BMP's will be~-used around the nroiect to reduce run-off into the
stream. We tried buildingthe bridge by cutting it in half and letting traffic flow one half at a
time. This is not feasible because of high trafftc flow and the narrowness of the bride
Page 7 of 12

VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establislung and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmeide.html.
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
Mitigation is not needed for this project.
Page 8 of 12

2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP) with the NCWRP's written agreement. Check the box indicating that
you would like to pay into the NCWRP. Please note that payment into the NCWRP must be
reviewed and approved before it can be used to satisfy mitigation requirements. Applicants
will be notified early in the review process by the 401/Wetlands Unit if payment into the
NCWRP is available as an option. For additional information regarding the application
process for the NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http:~/f,2o.er,r.scatc.,,c.us~«~rp/;r,d~~.htm. If
use of the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on pate three and provide
the following infornation:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Note-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. 1'unvironmental Documentation (DWQ Only)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public funds or the use of public (federal/state/local)
land?
Ycs ® No ^
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or Norih Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ^ No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ^ No
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (DWQ Only)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamli,~o), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ^ No ® If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Page 9 of 12

Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
s uare feet Multiplier Required
Mitieation
1
2 1.5
Total
' Zone I extends out 30 feet perpendicular from near bank of channel; Zonc 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (DWQ Only)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
The drainage area for the small creek is approximately 85-90% forest and woodlands. Silt fence
and appropriate BMP's will be used around the project to reduce run-off into the stream.
XII. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Only)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
No wastewater will be senerated from the project. .
XIII. Violations (DWQ Only)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
~.
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ^ No
Page 10 of 12

XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
~,
Applicant/Agent's Signature ~ ~ Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
US Army Corps Of Engineers Field Offices and County Coverage
Asheville Regulatory Field Office Alexander Cherokee Iredell Mitchell
US Army Corps of Engineers Avery Clay Jackson Polk
151 Patton Avenue Buncombe Cleveland Lincoln Rowan
Room 208 Burke Gaston Macon Rutherford
Asheville, NC 28801-5006 Cabarrus Graham Madison Stanley
Telephone: [phone] Caldwell Haywood McDowell Swain
Fax: [phone] Catawba Henderson Mecklenburg Transylvania
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office Alamance Durham Johnston Rockingham
US Army Corps Of Engineers Alleghany Edgecombe Lee Stokes
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road Ashe Franklin Nash Surry
Suite 120 Caswell Forsyth Northampton Vance
Raleigh, NC 27615 Chatham Granville Orange Wake
Telephone: [phone] Davidson Guilford Person Warren
Fax: [phone] Davie Halifax Randolph Wilkes
Washington Regulatory Field Office Beaufort Currituck Jones
US Army Corps Of Engineers Bertie Dare Lenoir
Post Office Box 1000 Camden Gates Martin
Washington, NC 27889-1000 Carteret* Green Pamlico
Telephone: [phone] Chowan Hertford Pasquotank
Fax: [phone] Craven Hyde Pcrquimans
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office Anson Duplin Onslow
US Army Corps Of Engineers Bladen Harnett Pender
Post Office Box 1890 Brunswick Hoke Richmond
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890 Carteret ~Nfontgomery Robeson
Telephone: [phone] Columbus Moore Sampson
Fax: [phone] Cumberland New Hanover Scotland
Pitt
Tyrrell
Washington
Wayne
D/Zz
Union
Watauga
Yancey
Wilson
Yadkin
*Croatan National Forest Only
Page 11 of 12

US Fis
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, NC 27636-3726
Telephone: [phone]
h and Wildlife Service /National Iv
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, NC 28801
Telephone: [phone]
farine Fisheries Service
National Marine Fisheries Service
Habitat Conservation Division
Pivers Island
Beaufort, NC 28516
Telephone: [phone]
North Carolina State Abencies
Division of Water Quality
401 Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Division of Water Quality
Wetlands Restoration Program
1619 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
CAMA and NC Coastal Counties
State Historic Preservation Office
Department Of Cultural Resources
4617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4617
Tclep}ione: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Division of Coastal Management Beaufort Chowan Hertford Pasquotank
1638 Mail Service Center Bertie Craven Hyde Pender
Raleigh, NC 27699-1638 Brunswick Currituck New Hanover Perquimans
Telephone: [phone] Camden Dare Onslow Tyrrell
Fax: [phone] ~ Carteret Gates Pamlico Washington
NCWRC and NC Trout Counties
Western Piedmont Region Coordinator Alleghany Caldwell Watauga
3855 Idlewild Road Ashe Mitchell Wilkes
Kernersville, NC 27284-9180 Avery Stokes
Telephone: [phone] Burke Surry
Mountain Region Coordinator Buncombe Henderson Polk
20830 Great Smoky Mtn. Expressway Cherokee Jackson Rutherford
Waynesville, NC 28786 Clay Macon Swain
Telephone: [phone] Graham Madison Transylvania
Fax: [phone] Haywood McDowell Yancey
~-
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Page 12 of 12

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Directions for use: The observer is to survey a minimum of 500 feet of stream, preferably in an upstream direction starting about
the bridge pool and the road right-of--way. The segment which is assessed should represent average stream conditions. To perform a
proper habitat evaluation the observer needs to get into the stream. To complete the form, select the description which best fits the
observed habitats and Qien circle the score. If the observed habitat falls in between two descriptions, select an intermediate score. A
final habitat score is detcrnuned by adding the results from the different metrics.
Strcam_Dicks Crcck Location/road: _SR 1388 (Road NamcDicks Clc Rd.)County_Jackson_
Date May 20, 2003_8 Digit HUC Basin_Little Tcnnessec_Class C-trout.
Stream Order _3 Catclunent Size (miZ)
Observer(s)
Latitude Longitude Ecoregion: ^ P ^ Slate Belt ^ Triassic ~ Sand Hills
Agency Identification/Tracking Information (TIP#, Action#, etc.)
Physical Characterization: Visible land use refers to immediate area that you can see from sampling location.
Visible Land Use: _70 %Forest 20 %Residential _5_%Active Pasture _5_% Active Crops
%Fallow Fields % Commercial %Industrial %Other -Describe:
Observed driving through watershed or from maps, aerial photos, etc.
Watershed land use : XForest Xgriculture Xrban ^ Animal operations upstream ^ Commercial
* The following three (3) parameters arc all estimated:
Width: (ft) Current wet width - Stream_23' Channel (at top of bank) ^ Width variable 3"-14" dtP~
Stream Depth: (ft) Riffles -Avg Max Pools -Avg Max.
Bank Heilht (from deepest part of channel (in riffle or run) to top of bank): (ft)
Bank Angle: or ^ NA (Vertical is 90°, horizontal is 0°. Angles > 90° indicate slope is towards mid-channel, < 90°
indicate slope is away from chamicl. NA if bank is too low for bank angle to matter.)
General Observations
^Channclized Ditch ^Dam upstream ^Other hydrologic alterations
^Manmade Stabilization ^ltip-rap, cement, gabions ^Sediment/gradc-control swcture ^Berm/levee
^Deeply incised ^Both banks undercut at bend ^Channel filled in with sediment
^Steep,straighthanks ^Bar development ^Buricd swctures ^Exposed bedrock
^Rcccnt overbank deposits ^Heavy filamentous algae gro«1h ^Green tinge ^Scwage smell
^Excessive periphyton gro~rlh ^Livestock with access to stream ^Evidence of human use (trash, foot paths, etc.)
Flow conditions : ^Higlt XNormal ^Low
Turbidity:X^Clear ^ Slightly Turbid ^Turbid ^Tannic ^Milky ^Colored (from dyes)
Current Weather Conditions: Clear Rcccnt Weather Conditions
Photos: ^N XY X Digital ^35mm
Remarlcs:_Wooden Bridge with wooden floor and rails. Concertc bents on each side. Dicks Creek is abeautiful mountian stmam
and is a B-4 type stream. Some homesitesin valley.

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Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
TO: Mike Summers, Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit, NCDOT
FROM: Marla Chambers, Highway Projects Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program, NCWRC
DATE: June 26, 2003
SUBJECT: Scoping review of NCDOT's proposed bridge replacement projects B-3430, B-
3431, B-4347, B-4348, B-4349, B-4690, B-4691, B-4692 in Cherokee, Jackson,
Transylvania and Haywood Counties.
North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has requested comments from
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) regarding impacts to fish and
wildlife resources resulting from the subject project. Staff biologists have reviewed the
information provided and have the following preliminary comments. These comments are
provided in accordance with the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C.
4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C.
661-667d).
Our standard recommendations for bridge replacement projects of this scope are as
follows:
1. We generally prefer spanning structures. Spanning structures usually do not require work
within the stream and do not require stream channel realignment. The horizontal and
vertical clearances provided by bridges allows for human and wildlife passage beneath
the structure, does not block fish passage, and does not block navigation by canoeists and
boaters.
2. Bridge deck drains should not discharge directly into the stream.
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact the water in or entering into the stream.
4. If possible, bridge supports (bents) should not be placed in the stream.
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries • 1721 Mail Service Center • Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] ext. 281 • Fax: [phone]

Bridge Scopings
Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, Haywood Co. 3 June 26, 2003
16. During subsurface investigations, equipment should be inspected daily and maintained to
prevent contamination of surface waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids,
or other toxic materials.
If corrugated metal pipe arches, reinforced concrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:
1. The culvert must be designed to allow for aquatic life and fish passage. Generally, the
culvert or pipe invert should be buried at least 1 foot below the natural streambed
(measured from the natural thalweg depth). If multiple barrels are required, barrels other
than the base flow barrel(s) should be placed on or near stream bankfull or floodplain
bench elevation (similar to Lyonsfield design). These should be reconnected to
floodplain benches as appropriate. This may be accomplished by utilizing sills on the
upstream end to restrict or divert flow to the base flow barrel(s). Silled barrels should be
filled with sediment so as not to cause noxious or mosquito breeding conditions.
Sufficient water depth should be provided in the base flow barrel during low flows to
accommodate fish movement. If culverts are longer than 40-50 linear feet, alternating or
notched baffles should be installed in a manner that mimics existing stream pattern. This
should enhance aquatic life passage: 1) by depositing sediments in the barrel, 2) by
maintaining channel depth and flow regimes, and 3) by providing resting places for fish
and other aquatic organisms. In essence, the base flow barrel(s) should provide a
continuum of water depth and channel width without substantial modifications of
velocity.
2. If multiple pipes or cells are used, at least one pipe or box should be designed to remain
dry during normal flows to allow for wildlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated along the existing channel alignment whenever
possible to avoid channel realignment. Widening the stream channel must be avoided.
Stream channel widening at the inlet or outlet end of structures typically decreases water
velocity causing sediment deposition that requires increased maintenance and disrupts
aquatic life passage.
4. Riprap should not be placed in the active thalweg channel or placed in the streambed in a
manner that precludes aquatic life passage. Bioengineering boulders or structures should
be professionally designed, sized, and installed.
In most cases, we prefer the replacement of the existing structure at the same location
with road closure. If road closure is not feasible, a temporary detour should be designed and
located to avoid wetland impacts, minimize the need for clearing and to avoid destabilizing
stream banks. If the structure will be on a new alignment, the old structure should be removed
and the approach fills removed from the 100-year floodplain. Approach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation. The area should be stabilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. Tall fescue should not be used in riparian areas. If the area that is reclaimed

Bridge Scopings
Cherokee, Jackson, Transylvania, Haywood Co. 5 June 26, 2003
6. B-4690, Transylvania Co., Bridge No. 55 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324 (Tanasee Gap
Road). A moratorium prohibiting in-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot
trout buffer is recommended from October 15 to April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages of
rainbow and brown trout. Sediment and erosion control measures should adhere to the
design standards for sensitive watersheds.
7. B-4691, Transylvania Co., Bridge No. 59 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324 (Tanasee Gap
Road). Same as B-4690 above.
8. B-4692, Haywood Co., Bridge No. 283 over Wesleys Creek on SR 1334. No special
concerns indicated. Standard requirements should apply.
We request that NCDOT routinely minimize adverse impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the vicinity of bridge replacements. The NCDOT should install and maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the life of the project and prevent wet concrete from
contacting water in or entering into these streams. Replacement of bridges with spanning
structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box culverts, is recommended in most cases.
Spanning structures allow wildlife passage along streambanks, reducing habitat fragmentation
and vehicle related mortality at highway crossings.
If you need further assistance or information on NCWRC concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at [phone]. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects.
cc: Cynthia Van Der Wiele, DWQ
Marella Buncick, USFWS
Sarah Kopplin, NHP

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPART~NT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
Cynthia Van der Wiele
DENR-Division of `'Vater Quality/Wetland
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699
May 1, 2003
LYNL~O TIPPETT
SECRETARY
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WE~'I~NDS 1401 GRQU~G . .
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MAY 1 2 2003. ~~~~ `
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WATER QUALITY SECTION :- .
RE: Request for comments on Bridge Replacement Projects B-3430, B-3431, B-4347,
B-4348, B-4349, B-4690, B-4691, and B-4692.
Dear Ms. Van der Wiele:
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is preparing the planning
and environmental studies for the replacement of the subject bridges. We anticipate that the
projects will be processed as Programmatic Categorical Exclusions. The bridge replacement
projects are included in NCDOT's 2002-2008 Tra> sportatio>'z Improvement Program (TIP).
The purpose of this letter is to solicit your input concerning the potential impact of the
proposed projects upon social, economic, demographic, land use or environmental conditions
near the projects. A vicinity map and bridge demolition package is attached for each project,
described below. All of the projects are located within NCDOT Division 14.
^ B-3430, Cherokee County, Replace Bridge No. 43 over Hanging Dog Creek on SR
1331 (Beaver Dam Road) west of Murphy.
^ B-3431, Cherokee County, Replace Bridge No. 45 over Beaver Dam Creek on SR
1331 (Beaver Dam Road) west of Murphy.
^ B-4347, Jackson County, Replace Bridge No. 3 over Norton Mill Road on SR 1107
(Whiteside Cove Road) southwest of Cashiers.
^ B-4348, Jackson County, Replace Bridge No. 156 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388
(Dicks Creek Road) near Dillsboro.
^ B-4349, Jackson County, Replace Bridge No. 36 over Dicks Creek on SR 1388
(Dicks Creek Road) near Dillsboro.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
BRIDGE MAINTENANCE UNIT FAX: [phone] BERYL ROAD
1565 MAIL SERVICE CENTER RALEIGH, NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1565 WEBSITE: WWW.DON.DOT.STATE.NC.US '.

^ B-4690, Transylvania County, Replace Bridge No. 55 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324
(Tanasee Gap Road) in the Balsam Grove community.
^ B-4691, Transylvania County, Replace Bridge No. 59 over Tucker Creek on SR 1324
(Tanasee Gap Road) in the Balsam Grove community.
^ B-4692, Haywood County, Replace Bridge No. 283 over Wesleys Creek on SR 1334
in the Fines Creek community.
Please note that there will be no formal interagency scoping meeting for these projects.
This letter constitutes solicitation for scoping comments related to the projects. To allow us to
fully evaluate the impacts of the proposed projects, please respond in writing by June 3, 2003
concerning any beneficial or adverse impacts of the proposed projects relating to the interest of
your agency.
If you have any questions or comments concerning these projects, please contact me at
[phone], ext. 8277. Thank you for your assistance.
Sincerely,
Mike Summers
Project Manager
Bridge Maintenance Unit
LWNI/ms
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