20010406 Ver 1_General Correspondence_20050714

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July 14, 2005
Wake County
DWQ No. 010406
Mr. Philip S. Harris, III, P.E., Manager
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development & Environmental Analysis
Office of Natural Environment
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1548
RE: Speight Branch Mitigation Site, Wake County, TIP No. R-2541 WM
Dear Mr. Harris:
This correspondence is in reference to your letter dated June 24, 2005, regarding the Speight Branch Mitigation site
located in Wake County, North Carolina. This site is being utilized by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation as compensatory mitigation for the Holly Springs Bypass project.
By copy of this letter, we are notifying you that no further monitoring of the site will be required since the
construction and success criteria for the mitigation site has been met.
Thank you for your time and cooperation. If you have any questions, please contact Christina Breen at
919-733-9604.
)S4,nc ely ,
W. Klimek, P.E"
JEH/cmb
cc: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Field Office
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Chris Militscher, USEPA
Mr. Travis Wilson, WRC
NCDWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Mr. John Nance, PE, Division 5 Engineer, 2612 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 Environmental Officer, 2612 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
Central Files
File Copy
No
One
r hCarolina
Transportation Permitting Unit Naturally
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699.1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] / FAX [phone] / Internet: http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncvvetlands
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer - 50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
June 24, 2005
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
Raleigh Regulatory Office ACOE
6508 Falls of Neuse Rd. Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
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LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
Re: Speight Branch Mitigation Site, Wake County, State Project No. 8.1402601, TIP No.
R-2541 WM, Action ID No. 199502585, DWQ Project No.'-t2176-21. 01040(0
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer:
As you are aware, the Department has monitored the Speight Branch Mitigation Site since its
construction in August of 2001. Located in Wake County, in the northwest quadrant of the
intersection of SR 1152 and Swift Creek, this 28-acre site 9.3 acres of wetland enhancement,
18.7 acres of preservation, and 1470 linear feet of stream restoration. The purpose of the site is
to fulfill compensatory mitigation requirements for wetland and stream impacts associated with
the Holly Springs Bypass (TIP Project No. R-2541). NCDOT proposed to monitor the Speight
Branch Mitigation Site for three years or until success criteria were met, with vegetation
monitoring conducted each year; hydrologic monitoring was not required for this site. After each
growing season, annual monitoring reports were submitted to the appropriate regulatory agencies.
After three years of vegetation monitoring, vegetation data for 2004 shows that the wetland
enhancement area of the site has met vegetative success criteria by yielding an average density of
416 trees per acre surviving. The stream channel was visually inspected during the annual
vegetation monitoring on the site. The channel appears to be stable with herbaceous vegetation
covering the stream banks throughout the project reach. Individual yearly monitoring data is
provided within the annual monitoring reports submitted between 2002 and 2004.
A beaver problem was noted in June 2004. The USDA met with NCDOT officials in July 2004
to address the beaver issue. The beavers were removed from the site prior to August 3, 2004,
when the Regulatory Agencies met onsite with NCDOT officials. It was agreed that the Speight
Branch stream monitoring could be discontinued. There were no beaver problems noted onsite at
the time of monitoring.
During the annual monitoring report meeting on May 5, 2005, NCDOT and resource agencies
agreed that the Speight Branch Mitigation Site could be closed and that vegetation monitoring
could be discontinued. NCDOT requests that the appropriate resource agencies provide
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] PARKER LINCOLN BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 2728 CAPITAL BOULEVARD
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBwTE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598
documentation stating that no further monitoring is required and that the site is closed. If you
have any questions about this project, please contact Mr. Randy Griffin at [phone].
Sincerely,
Philip S. Harris, III, P.E., Unit Head
PDEA-Natural Environment Unit
cc: Ms. Christina Breen, DWQ
Mr. Travis Wilson, WRC
Mr. Chris Militscher, EPA
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. David Harris, P.E., NCDOT-REU
Mr. Chris Murray, NCDOT-DEO

MITIGATION PLAN
INDIAN CREEK SITE
LINCOLN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
TIP NUMBER: R-0617WM
021356
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS BRANCH
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
August 2002
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INDIAA' CREEK WET LAND MITIGATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1
2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY, SITE HISTORY, AND LAND USE ............................................................. 3
2.2 WATER RESOURCES ....................................................................................................... .. 3
2.2.1 Water Bodies .......................................................................................................... . 3
2.2.2 Waterways ...............................................................................................................4
2.2.3 Groundwater ...........................................................................................................4
2.3 SOILS ............................................................................................................................. .. 4
2.4 NATURAL VEGETATION COMMUNITIES ......................................................................... .. 6
2.4.1 Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest :............................................................... 6
2.4.2 Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Piedmont Subtype) ............................................. 7
2.4.3 Scrub-Shrub Community ......................................................................................... 8
2.4.4 Emergent Community .............................................................................................. 8
2.4.5 Pasture Community ............................................................................................... 10
2.5 WILDLIFE AND HABITAT ................................................................................................ 10
2.6 FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES AND FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN ........................ 11
2.6.1 Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf (Hexastylis naniflora) ................................................ 11
2.6.2 Michaux's Sumac (Rhus michauxii) ...................................................................... 12
3.0 MITIGATION PLAN ..................................................................................................... 14
3.1 WETLANDS .................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1 Creation ................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.1.1 Hydrology ......................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1.2 Soils ................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1.3 Vegetation ......................................................................................................... 16
3.1.2 Enhancement ......................................................................................................... 16
3.1.3 Preservation .......................................................................................................... 17
3.2 STREAMS ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.3 UPLANDS ....................................................................................................................... 18
4.0 REFERENCE WETLANDS .......................................................................................... 20
5.0 MONITORING PLAN ................................................................................................... 20
5.1 HYDROLOGY ..................................................................................................................20
5.1.1 Monitoring ............................................................................................................22
5.1.2 Success Criteria .................................................................................................... 22
5.2 VEGETATION ..................................................................................................................22
5.2.1 Monitoring ............................................................................................................ 23
5.2.2 Success Criteria .................................................................................................... 23
5.3 CONTINGENCY ............................................................................................................... 23
6.0 MITIGATION VALUE .................................................................................................. 24
7.0 DISPENSATION OF THE PROPERTY ..................................................................... 24
8.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................25
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INDIAN CREEK
FIGURES
FIGURE 1 - SITE LOCATION MAP ....................................................»............................................ 2
FIGURE 2 - SOILS .............................................................................»............................................ 5
FIGURE 3 - NATURAL COMMUNITIES ........................................................................................... 9
FIGURE 4 - MITIGATION PLAN .................................................................................................... 19
FIGURE 5 - DELINEATED WETLANDS, REFERENCE WETLAND, AND GAUGE LOCATIONS ....... 21
TABLES
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
TABLE 1 - NATURAL COMMUNITIES ...............................................»............................................ 6
TABLE 2 - FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES FOR LINCOLN COUNTY, NC .............................. 11
TABLE 3 - AVAILABLE MITIGATION AREAS ............................................................................... 14
N('I)O7'
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INDIAN CREEK WMAND MITIGATION PLAN
' 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) plans to use onsite mitigation to
' offset the impacts to existing streams from construction of NC 150 (TIP Project Number R-0617)
in Lincoln County, North Carolina. The 20.0-acre parcel (hereinafter referred to as "the Indian
' Creek Site" or "the site") is located adjacent to Indian Creek along NC 150, southwest of
Lincolnton in Lincoln County (Figure 1).
' The Indian Creek Site is owned by the NCDOT and has recently been used for horse pasture.
The Site is bordered to the north by Indian Creek, to the west by SR 1177 (Pleasant Grove
' Church Road), and to the south and east by maintained yard or pasture.
' Mitigation components planned for the Indian Creek Site consist of the conversion of certain
deforested uplands to wetland communities, enhancement of emergent wetlands, preservation of
' headwater wetlands, restoration and preservation of riparian buffer, enhancement and
preservation of uplands, and the placement of conservation easements on mitigation areas.
' Immediate plans to provide onsite mitigation credits consist of.
• Cr, eaten of approximately 1.5 acres of headwater wetlands from presently deforested uplands
' through minor grading,
• Enhancement of approximately 1.7 acres of existing emergent wetlands through planting,
' • Enhancement of existing wetlands through in-stream grade control in a non jurisdictional
intermittent tributary to Indian Creek,
• Preservation of approximately 4.5 acres of headwater wetlands and scrub-shrub wetlands; 3.9
' acres and 0.6 acres respectively,
• Enhancement oof approximately 1 28.0..0 feet (3.0 acres) of stream through 480.0 feet (0.6
' acres) of buffer restoration and 800 feet (2.4 acres) of buffer preservation, and
• Enhancement of 6.4 acres of uplands through planting and preservation of 4.4 acres of
' existing forested uplands for a total of 10.8 acres of upland buffer.

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INDIAN CREEK
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
FIGURE 1 - SITE LOCATION MAP
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o INDIAN CREEK WETLAND
MITIGATION SITE
SCALE: I' = 5000'
INDIAN CREEK SITE MAP
CATAWBA RIVER BASIN FIGURE I
V/TJ"N,- WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
LINCOLN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
NCDOT Page 2 0810912002

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INDIAN CREEK WE'T'LAND MITIGATION PLAN
2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY, SITE HISTORY, AND LAND USE
The Indian Creek Site is located in the south-central portion of the Southern Piedmont
Physiographic Province of North Carolina. Elevations on the Site range from approximately
760.0 feet above mean sea level (msl) along Indian Creek to approximately 800.0 feet above msl.
The Site is bordered to the north by Indian Creek, to the west by SR 1177 (Pleasant Grove
Church Road), and to the south and east by maintained yard or pasture. The property is currently
used for pasture. Historical aerial photography from 1938 indicates the same land use on the site
that is present today.
2.2 WATER RESOURCES
2.2.1 Water Bodies
One small ephemeral pool, located in the scrub-shrub community, exists on the Indian Creek
Site. It is located in the northwestern portion of the site approximately 150.0 feet east of
Pleasant Grove Church Road and 100.0 feet south of Indian Creek. It comprises an area of less
than 0.1 acre.
The regional water table remains within several feet of the ground surface throughout much of
the year. Because of this sustained high water table, the water level within the ephemeral pool is
maintained primarily via groundwater discharge. At the time of the site investigation, the water
level in the pool ranged from approximately 1.0 to 15.0 inches. The water level is supplemented
by precipitation and, less frequently, by major periodic flooding when Indian Creek overtops its
banks. The ephemeral pool does not have a direct outlet to Indian Creek.
NCOOT Page 3 0810912002
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INDIAN CREEK WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
' 2.2.2 Waterways
The Site is bounded to the north by Indian Creek. Indian Creek is a fourth order perennial
stream where it adjoins the property. Indian Creek has a sandy substrate with a bankfull depth of
approximately 5.0 feet, bankfull width of approximately 39.0 feet, and a depth from the top of
' bank to the channel bed of approximately 10.0 feet. It appears that Indian Creek is incised
within the historic floodplain. Consequently, overbank flooding is rare.
2.2.3 Groundwater
The Soil Survey of Lincoln County, North Carolina (USDA, 1995) reports depths to the seasonal
' high water table ranging from 0.5 foot (in areas underlain by Chewacla loam) to greater than 6.0
feet (in areas underlain by Pacolet sandy clay loam).
1
2.3 SOILS
' According to the Soil Survey ofLincoln County, North Carolina (USDA, 1995) soil mapping, the
' Indian Creek Site is entirely underlain by non-hydric soils, some of which have hydric
inclusions. Non-hydric soil units mapped within these areas by the Lincoln County Soil
Conservation Service (SCS) consist of Chewacla loam (0 to 2 percent slopes), Helena sandy
' loam (1 to 6 percent slopes), Pacolet sandy clay loam (2 to 8 percent slopes), Rion sandy loam (2
to 8 and 8 to 15 percent slopes), and Riverview loam (0 to 2 percent slopes) (Figure 2).
' Soil borings taken during field investigations confirmed the SCS soil mapping. The soil borings
' taken within the jurisdictional wetlands were hydric and therefore assumed to be a hydric
inclusion of the mapped Chewacla soil. Mitigation activities will primarily involve the
Chewacla soils. Chewacla soils are somewhat poorly drained with a seasonal high water table at
' a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet. The main limitations of this soil series are wetness and frequency of
flooding.
' Mitigation activities are not recommended in the Riverview soil series that is located on the
' levee adjacent to Indian Creek. This soil type is a very deep well drained soil. It consists mostly
of depositional material from historic overbank flooding. Attempts to include these areas in
wetland creation risk the drainage of the existing wetlands.
1
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INDIAN CREEK
WETLAND MITIGA77ON
FIGURE 2 - SOILS
NCDOT Page 5 81912002

INDIAN CREEK WETLAND M/T/GA7/ON PLAN
2.4 NATURAL VEGETATION COMMUNITIES
Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Third Approximation (Schafale
and Weakley, 1990) was utilized to categorize the site's natural vegetation communities. Natural
communities identified during site investigations consist of Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial
Forest and Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Piedmont Subtype). Disturbed and less developed
areas, not categorized by Schafale and Weakley, include scrub-shrub, emergent, and pasture
communities. The communities and the acreages of wetlands and uplands in each community
are presented in Table 1.
TABLE 1 - NATURAL COMMUNITIES
NATURAL
COMMUNITIES WETLANDS
(AC) UPLANDS
(AC) TOTAL
(AC)
Piedmont/Low Mountain
Alluvial Forest 3.9 2.8 6.7
Mesic Mixed Hardwood
Forest - 2.1 2.1
Scrub-Shrub Community 0.6 - 0.6
Emergent Community 1.7 - 1.7
Pasture Community _ 8.9 8.9
TOTAL 6.2 13.8 20.0
2.4.1 Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest
The Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest is located in the floodplain of Indian Creek (Figure
3) and comprises an area of approximately 6.7 acres. Approximately 3.9 acres of this
community is a delineated wetland (verified April 29, 1997 by Steve Chapin of the US Army
Corp of Engineers (USACE) (Figure 3). The hydrology of the wetland in this community is
largely driven by groundwater and supplemented by over-land flow and precipitation.
Vegetation along the south bank of Indian Creek from the bridge to approximately 480.0 feet
downstream consists of only a narrow strip, approximately 10 feet wide. Consequently, it is
proposed that 50 feet from the top of bank (0.6 acres) be restored to a Piedmont/Low Mountain
Alluvial Forest Community to provide an effective riparian buffer. The soils in this area include
Chewacla and Riverview.
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INDIAN CREEK WETLAND M177GATION PLAN
The canopy is composed of sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), green ash (Fraxinus
pennsylvanica), red maple (Ater rubrum), water oak (Quercus nigra), river birch (Betula nigra),
sweet-gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and black walnut (Juglans nigra). Saplings and shrubs
within this community consist of ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), tag alder (Alnus serrulata),
Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), red maple, eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), green
ash, box elder (Ater negundo), and sweet-gum. Herbs and vines include wild onion (Allium
canadense), strawberry (Fragaria sp.), false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), Christmas fern
(Polystichum acrostichoides), microstegium (Microstegium vimineum), bamboo (Smilax
laurifolia), and grape (Vitis sp.).
2.4.2 Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Piedmont Subtype)
As described under Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina (Schafale and
Weakley, 1990), Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forests (Piedmont Subtype) occur on lower slopes,
steep north-facing slopes, ravines, and occasionally drained small stream bottoms, on acidic
soils.
On the Indian Creek Site, the Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Piedmont Subtype) occurs largely
on slopes grading to the Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest (Figure 3) and comprises an
area of approximately 2.1 acres. There are no jurisdictional wetlands within this community.
The soils are composed of Pacolet sandy clay loam.
The canopy of the Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest is dominated by post oak (Quercus stellata),
mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa), sweet-gum, red maple, willow oak (Quercus phellos),
princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa), rock chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), white oak (Quercus
alba), pignut hickory (Carya glabra), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), scarlet oak (Quercus
coccinea), and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum). Dominant saplings include ironwood,
persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), eastern red cedar, American holly (Ilex opaca), and black
cherry (Prunus serotina). The shrub layer is not well developed. Where present, the herbaceous
layer is comprised of rattlesnake fern (Botrychium virginianum), strawberry bush (Euonymus
americanus), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), wild onion, Christmas fern, aster (Aster
sp.), St. John's-wort (Hypericum sp.), crane-fly orchid (Tipularia discolor), bloodroot
(Sanguinaria canadensis), and spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata).
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INDIAN CREEK WETLAND M/TIGAT/ON PUN
2.4.3 Scrub-Shrub Community
The scrub-shrub community occurs on the western portion of the Indian Creek Site and
comprises an area of approximately 0.6 acre. The entire 0.6-acre area is a jurisdictional wetland
(verified April 29, 1997 by Steve Chapin, USACE) (Figure 3). The wetlands are surrounded by
a pasture community to the north, west, and south, and an emergent wetland community to the
east (Figure 3). The soils in this community are mapped as Chewacla loam (UDSA, 1995).
The sapling and shrub layer in this community is composed of tag alder, elderberry (Sambucus
canadensis), green ash, red maple, silky dogwood (Corpus amomum), black willow (Salix
nigra), rose (Rosa multiflora), giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), and button bush
(Cephalanthus occidentalis). The herbaceous layer is dominated by soft rush (Juncus effusus),
false nettle, sedge (Carex sp.), tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum), jewelweed (Impatiens
capensis), and meadow-beauty (Rhexia mariana). The edges of this community are dominated
by blackberry (Rubus sp.).
2.4.4 Emergent Community
On the Indian Creek Site, jurisdictional emergent wetlands occur as a successional community
within the northwestern and central portion of the Site and comprise an area of approximately 1.7
acres (verified April 29, 1997 by Steve Chapin, USACE) (Figure 3). It occurs in the central
portion of the property between the scrub-shrub community and the Piedmont/Low Mountain
Alluvial Forest (Figure 3). This community is degraded due to horse grazing. As a result of this
degradation, it is proposed that this community be enhanced by removal of the horses, gating
access points to limit outside disturbance, and planting of vegetation. All horses have been
removed from the property since March 2002.
The shrub and herbaceous layer of this community consists primarily of rose, blackberry, bulrush
(Scirpus sp.), rush, aster, nightshade (Solanum carolinense), knotweed (Polygonum sp.), false
nettle, and sedges.
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ININAN CREEK WL11AND
FIGURE 3 - NATURAL COMMUNITIES

Legend
Indian Creek Site
Delineated Wetlands
Piedmontil.ow Mountian Alluvial Forest
Mesic Mixed Hardwood
S c rub-Shrub
Emergent
Pasture
60 0 W 140
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Figure 3
Natural Communities

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INDIAN CREEK {VETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
2.4.5 Pasture Community
The pasture community includes 8.9 acres of open, grassy area (Figure 3). The pasture
community is typified by grass (Poaceae), nightshade, blackberry, foxtail grass (Alopecurus sp.),
dandelion (Taraxacun: sp.), dog-fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), aster, broom sedge
(Andropogon virginicus), wild onion, and thistle (Carduus sp.).
2.5 WILDLIFE AND HABITAT
Wildlife habitat on the Indian Creek Site consists of open, forested, and edge areas. Although
fragmented the forested areas provide good cover. The riparian area is the only portion of the
Site that provides a forested wildlife corridor to off-site forested areas.
Mammalian species directly observed or indicators of mammalian species observed (tracks,
burrows, and scat) on the Indian Creek Site include white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus),
raccoon (Procyon: lotor), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), gray squirrel (Sciurus
carolinensis), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and various small rodents.
Birds observed onsite include Carolina wren (Thryothonis ludovicianus), red-bellied woodpecker
(Melanerpes carolinus), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), belted kingfisher (Ceryle
alcyon), eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis), northern mockingbird (Mimtls polyglottos), blue jay
(Cyanocitta cristata), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jantaicensis),
mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), common flicker
(Colaptes auratus), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), song sparrow (Melospiza
melodia), white throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), golden-crown kinglet (Regulus
satrapa), eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus),
northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), gull (Laridae),
American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis), eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), Canada goose (Branta
canadensis), common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), and American woodcock (Scolopax minor).
Reptiles and amphibians observed onsite include northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon),
southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala), upland chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata), and
spring peeper (Hyla crucifer). Invertebrate species observed include crayfish (Cambaridae),
Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea), and mayfly larvae (Ephemeroptera).

NCDOT Page 10 0410911002
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INDIAN CREEK IVETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
2.6 FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES AND FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN
Plants and animals with federal classifications of endangered, threatened, proposed endangered,
and proposed threatened are protected under provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of 31 May 2002, the US Fish and Wildlife
Service lists two federally protected species for Lincoln County (Table 2). No reports of
federally protected species on or in the vicinity of the Indian Creek Site are contained within the
current database maintained by the North Carolina Division of Natural Heritage (as updated
through April of 2002). A brief description of the characteristics and habitat requirements for
this species is provided in the following section.
TABLE 2 - FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES FOR LINCOLN COUNTY, NC
Scientific Name Common Name Status
Hexastylis naniflora Dwarf-flowered heartleaf Threatened
Rhus michauxii Michaux's sumac Endangered
• "Endangered" denotes a species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Y "Threatened" denotes a species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant
portion of its range.
2.6.1 Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf (Hexastylis naniflora)
Plant Family: Aristolochiaceae
Date Listed: April 14, 1989 (Threatened)
Characteristics:
This species has the smallest flowers of any North American plant in the genus Hexastylis. The
flowers of most individuals are less than 0.4 inch (1.0 centimeter) long, and their sepal tubes are
narrow, never more than 0.2 to 0.3 inch (0.6 to 0.7 centimeter) wide even in flower. Flower
color usually ranges from beige to dark brown; sometimes it is greenish or purplish. The flowers
are jug-shaped, and the plant's dark green leaves are heart-shaped, evergreen, and leathery. Plant
stalks are long and thin, originating from an underground root. Another name for this species is
dwarf-flowered wild ginger.
Habitat:
Dwarf-flowered heartleaf grows in acidic, sandy loam soils along bluffs and nearby slopes
(usually north facing); in boggy areas adjacent to crceklieads and streams; and along the slopes
NCDOT Page 11 0810912002
INDIAN CREEK WETLAND AfITIGATION PLAN
of hillsides and ravines. Soil type is the most important habitat requirement. The species needs
Pacolet, Madison gravelly sandy loam, or Musella fine sandy loam soils to grow and survive.
Provided the soil type requirement exists, the plant can survive in either dry or moderately moist
habitat. For maximum flowering, the plant needs sunlight in early spring. Creekheads where
shrubs are rare and bluffs with light gaps are the habitat types most conducive to flowering and
high seed production. Seed output is lowest in bluff populations with a lot of shade.
Threats to Species:
Timber harvesting, urbanization, conversion from woodlands to pasture, reservoir construction,
pond construction, trash, and insecticide use are threatening the remaining populations. The
eight populations in Greenville, South Carolina are all endangered by residential, industrial, and
commercial expansion. The largest population in South Carolina (1,400 plants) once contained
over 4,000 plants, but this population was reduced by reservoir construction in Spartanburg.
Any use of insecticides in or around plant populations could reduce flies, thrips, and ants, thus
decreasing the likelihood of plant pollination.
Investigation:
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's database of rare species and unique habitats was
reviewed (as updated through April 2002), and no populations of the species were recorded in
the project vicinity. The project area was investigated on July 9 and 10, 1992 and May 21 and
22, 2002 in areas of suitable habitat. Suitable habitat is present in the form of north facing slopes
on Pacolet soils in the Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest described in Section 2.4.2. This area of
suitable habitat will not be affected by grading activities or other forms of manipulation. There
were no findings of dwarf-flowered heartleaf (Hexastylis naniflora) at the time of the field
surveys. Consequently, the biological conclusion is "No Effect".
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
2.6.2 Michaux's Sumac (Rhus michauxii)
Plant Family: Anacardiaceac
Date Listed: September 28, 1989 (Endangered)
Characteristics:
Michaux's sumac is a dioecious shrub growing to a height of 0.06 to 0.31 feet. Plants flower in
June, producing a tenninal, erect, dense cluster of 4 to 5 parted greenish-yellow to white flowers.
NCDOT Page 12 0810912002

INDIAN CREEK WETLAND AUTIGAT/ON PLAN
Fruits, produced from August through September, are red densely short-pubescent drupes, 0.25
inch across. Most populations, however, are single sexed and reproduce only by rhizomes. The
entire plant is densely pubescent. The deciduous leaves are composed of 9 to 13 sessile, oblong
leaflets on a narrowly winged or wingless rachis. The acute to acuminate leaflets have rounded
bases and are 1.5 to 3.5 inches long and 1.0 to 2.0 inches wide. They are simply or doubly
serrate.
Habitat:
This species prefers sandy, rocky, open woods and roadsides. Its survival is dependent on
disturbance (mowing, clearing, fire) to maintain an open habitat. It is often found with other
members of its genus as well as with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicalts). There is no longer
believed to be an association between this species and specific soil types.
Threats to Species:
This species is threatened by loss of habitat. Since its discovery, 50 percent of Michaux's sumac
habitat has been lost due to its conversion to silvicultural and agricultural purposes and
development. Fire suppression and herbicide drift have also negatively impacted this species.
Investigation:
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program's database of rare species and unique habitats was
reviewed (as updated through April 2002) and no populations of the species were recorded in the
project vicinity. The project area was investigated on July 9 and 10, 1992 and May 21 and 22,
2002 in areas of suitable habitat. Suitable habitat is present in the form of maintained roadside
and disturbed edge in the pasture areas adjacent to existing forest and fence lines. These areas of
suitable habitat will not be affected by grading activities or other forms of manipulation. There
were no findings of Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauxii) at the time of the field surveys.
Consequently, the biological conclusion is "No Effect".
Biological Conclusion: No Effect

NCDOT Page 13 0410911002
INDIAN CREEK WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
0
3.0 MITIGATION PLAN
Mitigation components planned for the Indian Creek Site consist of the conversion of certain
deforested uplands to wetland communities, enhancement of emergent wetlands, preservation of
headwater wetlands, restoration and preservation of riparian buffer, enhancement and
preservation of uplands, and the placement of conservation easements on mitigation areas (Table
3). Immediate plans to provide onsite mitigation credits consist of:
• Creation of approximately 1.5 acres of headwater wetlands from presently deforested uplands
through minor grading,
• Enhancement of approximately 1.7 acres of existing emergent wetlands through planting,
• Enhancement of existing wetlands through in-stream grade control in a non jurisdictional
intermittent tributary to Indian Creek,
• Preservation of approximately 4.5 acres of headwater wetlands and scrub-shrub wetlands; 3.9
acres and 0.6 acres respectively,
• Enhancement of approximately 1,280.0 feet (3.0 acres) of stream through 480.0 feet (0.6
acres) of buffer restoration and 800 feet (2.4 acres) of buffer preservation, and
• Enhancement of 6.4 acres of uplands through planting and preservation of 4.4 acres of
existing forested uplands for a total of 10.8 acres of upland buffer.
TABLE 3 - AVAILABLE MITIGATION AREAS
MITIGATION COMPONENT AMOUNT
Wetlands 7.7 aces
Wetland Creation
Headwater Forest 1.5 acres
Wetland Enhancement
Emergent wetlands 1.7 aces
Wetland Preservation
Headwater Forest 39 aces
Scrub-shrub Tetlands 0.6 acres
Stream 1,280 feet (3.0 acre)
Stream Enhancement (Riparian Buffer
South Bank o Indian Creek 480 feet 0.6 acre
Stream Preservation
South Bank o Indian Creek 800 feet 0.9 acre
North Bank o Indian Creek 1,280 feet (1.5 acres
Uplands 10.8 acres
Enhancement 6.4 acres
Preservation 4.4 acres
Fl??]
NCDOT Page 14 0810912002

INDL N CREEK
3.1 WETLANDS
JVETLAND HTIGATIONPLAN
On the 20.0-acre Indian Creek Site, there is opportunity for preservation, enhancement, and
creation of wetlands.
3.1.1 Creation
Approximately 1.5 acres of headwater wetlands will be created on the Indian Creek Site through
excavation (approximately 1.0 to 2.0 feet) (Table 3). Excavation will take place immediately
north of the existing emergent wetlands extending 50.0 to 150.0 feet toward Indian Creek. The
proposed wetland creation areas are shown in Figure 4.
The elevations of the creation areas will be graded to the approximate elevation of the existing
wetlands, thus the targeted hydrologic regime will be that of the existing wetlands.
3.1.1.1 Hydrology
A seasonally inundated or saturated hydroperiod will be the primary hydrologic regime provided
for the proposed headwater wetlands community. In accordance with Table 5 of the Corps of
Engineers' letlands Delineation Manual, field criteria to be used to determine the presence of
this seasonally inundated to saturated hydrologic regime will be saturated conditions within a
major portion of the root zone (i.e., within 12.0 inches of the surface) for between 5.0 to 12.5
percent of the growing season in most years.
The dominant component of the water budget for these areas will be groundwater provided by
grading to intercept the seasonal high water table. Groundwater monitoring during the growing
season will be required to determine the groundwater elevation across the site. The remainder of
the water budget will be derived from precipitation and effective utilization of drainage from the
proposed highway. To maximize the stormwater contribution and prevent drainage from the site,
it is recommended that the lateral drainage adjacent to SR 1177 be filled, and a clay plug inserted
at its confluence with Indian Creek.
I'`J
NCDOT Page 15 0810912002
e
I
INDIAN CREEK JVE7L4 D AY1TIGATION PLAN
3.1.1.2 Soils
No new soils will be introduced to the Indian Creek Site for mitigation. It is recommended that
the existing topsoil be utilized for planting substrate within the proposed mitigation areas by
removing, stockpiling, and replacing it after grading activities. This procedure is recommended
because the existing soil holds seed stock of the existing flora, and it will provide a nutrient rich
soil for planting, thereby reducing the need for excessive fertilization or the transportation of
topsoil to the site. If additional topsoil is needed, it may be possible that some can be removed
from the location of the proposed new alignment of NC 150.
3.1.1.3 Vegetation
The proposed headwater wetlands will be planted with a mix of trees in the form of bare root
seedlings. Planting of species using dormant plant stock will be performed bet«•een December 1
and March 15. Trees will be planted within proposed headwater wetlands to provide a minimum
stem count of 680 stems per acre. This translates to plantings roughly on 8.0-foot centers. Tree
species to be planted will be derived from the following list (as available):
• River birch (Betula nigra)
• Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
• Water oak (Quercus nigra)
• American elm (Ubnus aniericana)
3.1.2 Enhancement
W
• Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
• Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
• Black walnut (Juglans nigra)
• Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Enhancement is proposed in the 1.7 acres of existing emergent wetlands and in the
Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest (Figure 4). In the emergent areas, enhancement will
entail diversion of drainage and the planting of hydrophytic vegetation. Hydrology will be
enhanced through roadway design, increasing the existing drainage area by approximately 3.0
acres. This diversion of drainage into the existing wetland will aid in the filtration of the runoff
before it reaches Indian Creek. Vegetation will be enhanced by planting the same tree species
recommended in the creation areas (Section 3.1.1.3). Vegetation enhancement in these emergent
wetlands will enhance wildlife habitat in terms of both food and cover. Vegetation enhancement
N NCDOT Page 16 08 0912002
Z
INDIAN CREEK ;VETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
will also aid in the succession of this community to its' climax. BY encouraging a climax
0 community in this area, a more significant wildlife corridor will be established.
Enhancement in the forested community will involve installing a grade control structure in the
non jurisdictional intermittent stream that flows into Indian Creek in the eastern portion of the
Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest. This grade control will prevent an existing headcut,
located in the uplands portion of this community adjacent to Indian Creek, from migrating
upstream into the wetlands. Without such enhancement, this feature could eventually facilitate
the draining of the existing wetlands. Further enhancement consists of exclusion of horses from
the site.
3.1.3 Preservation
This mitigation component entails the preservation of existing wetlands on the Indian Creek Site.
This property was purchased by the NCDOT and dedicated as mitigation to preserve the existing
wetlands and associated habitat in perpetuity. Through such means, approximately 39 acres of
existing headwater wetlands and approximately 0.6 acre of existing scrub-sluub wetland, for a
total of 4.5 acres, will be preserved (Figure 4). Stewardship options are discussed in Section 7.0
of this report.
3.2 STREAMS
The Indian Creek Site and the adjacent property offer stream enhancement through riparian
buffer restoration and preservation. The Indian Creek Site provides 480.0 feet (0.6 acre) of
riparian buffer restoration through planting. Planting is proposed 50.0 feet from the top of the
bank in open areas with the same canopy species present in the Piedmont/Low Mountain
Alluvial Forest described in Section 2.4.1. The site also provides 800.0 feet (0.9 acre) of riparian
buffer preservation on the south bank of Indian Creek. The adjacent landowner, Ms. Barbara K.
Heafner, has expressed interest in a conservation casement to preserve a 50.0-foot wide riparian
buffer on her property immediately north of the Indian Creek Site. This riparian buffer on the
north side of Indian Creek consists of mature canopy species also present in the Piedmont/Low
Mountain Alluvial Forest described in Section 2.4.1. The NCDOT has surveyed the buffer area
and is currently negotiating conditions of an easement. A conservation easement on the Heafner
property would provide 1,280.0 feet (1.5 acres) of riparian buffer preservation on the north bank
of Indian Creek. Ms. Heafner's property and the Indian Creek Site will together provide
approximately 3.0 acres of riparian buffer restoration and preservation (Figure 4).
NCDOT Page 17 0510912002
a
INDIAN CREEK WETLAND AfITIGATION PLAN
t
3.3 UPLANDS
The upland areas are located in the Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest, Mesic Mixed
Hardwood Forest (Piedmont Subtype), and pasture community. Presently the upland areas total
10.8 acres (Figure 4).
fro
This mitigation component requires the removal of horses from the site, gating access points to
the property to limit outside disturbances, and the planting of 6.4 acres of the upland pasture
areas. Vegetation enhancement of the upland areas will provide a buffer to all wetlands and
enhance wildlife habitat by providing a more expansive forest ecosystem. Approximately 1.2
acres of uplands will be left open to encourage early successional old field plant species, as well
as provide edge habitat for animals. Additionally, 4.4 acres of forested uplands can be preserved
on the site.
Trees will be planted within the recommended upland areas to provide a minimum stem count of
680 stems per acre. This translates to plantings roughly on 8.0-foot centers. Tree species to be
planted will be derived from the following list (as available):
• White oak (Quercus alba)
• Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
• Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea)
• Mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa)

• Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
• Black walnut (Juglans nigra)
• Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
• Black cherry (Prunus userotina)
0 NCDOT Page IS 0810912002
0 INDIAN CREEK IVETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
0
4.0 REFERENCE WETLANDS
The reference wetlands for the proposed headwater wetlands creation component consists of the
wetlands within the Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest and the existing emergent wetlands
located within the central portion of the site, as described previously in Sections 2.4.1 and 2.4.4
(Figure 5) respectively. The Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest wetlands and the emergent
wetlands references comprise an area of approximately 3.9 acres and 1.7 acres respectively. The
Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest wetlands will be a reference for vegetation due to its
current level of succession or mature canopy. The emergent community will be a hydrology
reference due to its proximity to the proposed creation areas. To date, hydrologic monitoring
within the reference wetland consists of data from groundwater monitoring gauges monitored
February through May (2002).
5.0 MONITORING PLAN
Monitoring of wetland compensation (creation) efforts will be performed for five years or until
success criteria are satisfied. Monitoring is proposed for two wetland components, hydrology
and vegetation.
5.1 HYDROLOGY
Automated groundwater monitoring gauges utilized to monitor hydrology on the Indian Creek
Site were designed and placed in accordance with specifications in the Corps of Engineers'
Installing Monitoring Mells/Piezometers in wetlands (WRP Technical Note HY-IA-3.1, August,
1993). Groundwater monitoring gauges installed are Remote Data Systems, Inc. model RDS
WL-400 automated groundwater monitoring gauges. These automated groundwater monitoring
gauges will continuously record water level data along a 40.0-inch gradient.
To monitor groundwater levels, RDS WL-400 (40.0-inch) automated groundwater monitoring
gauges have been installed within potential creation areas (proposed headwater wetlands),
enhancement areas, and existing wetlands (Figure 5). To monitor surface water elevations, one
RDS WL-401 groundwater monitoring gauge was mounted above-grade on a wooden pole. The
pole was appropriately anchored to ensure its stability. The bottom of the unit was set at ground
level. In this configuration, the RDS WL-40 0 groundwater monitoring gauge is capable of

NCDOT Page 20 0810912002
1 INDIAN CREEK WETLAND MITIGA77ON

7

1 NC'1)07' Page 21
FIGURE 5 - DELINEATED WETLANDS, REFERENCE WETLAND, AND GAUGE LOCATIONS

INDIAN CREEK WETLAND AfITICATION PLAN
recording water levels 40.0 inches above the ground surface. The purpose of this above-grade
unit is to monitor depth and duration of inundation in the existing wetlands. An Infinity@ rain
gauge was also installed onsite.
5.1.1 Monitoring
Following installation, the continuous-logging automated groundwater monitoring gauges,
surface gauge, and the rain gauge were adjusted to record once daily. The gauges will be in
operation throughout the year, and data will be downloaded at intervals sufficiently spaced to
provide effective monitoring and assessment of success criteria for hydrology.
5.1.2 Success Criteria
For compensatory areas proposed to support headwater wetlands, hydrological success criteria
will be defined as inundated or saturated soil conditions within a major portion of the root zone
(i.e., within 12.0 inches of the surface) for greater than or equal to 10.0 percent of the growing
season in most years. This is based on the approximate percentage of continuous wetland
hydrology from groundwater gauge data available within the reference wetland from the
beginning of the growing season, March 22, through May 29 (30 percent of the growing season).
Areas supporting the aforementioned wetland hydrology regimes are required to support a
prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils.
Groundwater monitoring gauges were installed in the existing wetlands. Groundwater
monitoring gauges installed within the existing wetlands will be compared to groundwater data
collected from those gauges installed within compensatory wetlands to assess the degree to
which the wetland mitigation goals are met.
5.2 VEGETATION
Monitoring methods for vegetation within compensatory areas have been developed in
accordance with the Army Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District Compensatory Hardtivood
Mitigation Guidelines (1993). A general discussion of the compensatory wetlands monitoring
plan is provided in the following sections.
7
NCDOT Page 22 0810912002
INDIAN CREEK
5.2.1 Monitoring
{VETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
After planting has been completed, an initial evaluation will be performed to verify planting
methods and to determine initial species composition and density. Permanent photography
stations will be established at selected vantage points to provide a visual record of vegetation
development over time.
During the first year after planting, the Indian Creek Site will receive cursory visual evaluation
on a periodic basis to ascertain the degree of overtopping of planted trees by nuisance species.
Subsequently, quantitative sampling of vegetation will be performed after each growing season
until vegetation success criteria is achieved.
Vegetation sampling plots will be established within the compensatory mitigation areas.
Monitoring plots will be established and permanently located, providing a representative sample
of the site. Vegetation monitoring plots will be correlated with hydrological monitoring sites in
most cases to allow for point-source data of hydrologic and vegetation parameters.
5.2.2 Success Criteria
Success criteria have been established to verify that wetland creation areas support vegetation
necessary for a jurisdictional determination. Additional success criteria are dependent upon the
density and growth of characteristic forest species. For the forested wetlands, a minimum count
of 320 trees per acre must be achieved within three years of initial planting and a minimum count
of 260 trees per acre must be achieved within five years of initial planting.
5.3 CONTINGENCY
In the event that vegetation or hydrology success criteria are not fulfilled, appropriate
contingency measures will be identified and implemented. If success criteria are not satisfied,
appropriate contingency measures will be identified in coordination with the appropriate
agencies. In the event that the specified wetland hydrology success criteria are not achieved
during the monitoring period, the only practicable contingency measure would entail minor
grade adjustments. Should grade adjustment not be feasible, redefinition of mitigation goals and
strategies will be required. Redefinition of mitigation goals and strategies would be carried out
0 in close consultation with the Corps of Engineers and other involved agencies
NCDOT Pagc 23 0410912002
INDIAN CREEK IFETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
6.0 MITIGATION VALUE
The proposed compensation is to serve as flexible stream mitigation for impacts caused by NC
150 (TIP Project Number R-0617). With the construction of NC 150, the Indian Creek Site's
functions and values increase even more due to the increase in impervious surface within the
watershed. The primary value of the proposed mitigation is the enhancement, preservation, and
creation of approximately 20.0 acres of riparian ecosystem. This riparian ecosystem, to be
protected in perpetuity, will not only provide valuable habitat to a diverse assemblage of flora
and fauna, but will also serve as a contiguous wildlife corridor along Indian Creek.
As contiguous components of a larger ecosystem, areas of proposed wetland creation and
enhancement should be viewed from the perspective of their cumulative contribution to the
overall value of the wetland ecosystem rather than their individual values. Presently the Indian
Creek Site consists of communities of varying succession, with good aquatic habitat, water
storage, and pollutant removal. However, with the creation and enhancement of additional
wetlands, these functions and values will become even higher. These higher functions and
values may result from being a larger, less fragmented community. This larger community will
provide a more extensive area for forage and cover for wildlife as well as provide a larger
capacity for water storage.
By restoring and preserving the riparian buffer along Indian Creek, connectivity will be restored
between the wetlands and Indian Creek, a permanent surface water. This connectivity will
provide a more extensive wildlife corridor on and off-site.
7.0 DISPENSATION OF THE PROPERTY
No plan for dispensation of the Indian Creek Site has yet been finalized. Parties, which could
provide responsible stewardship of the site, include non-profit conservation organizations (such
as the Nature Conservancy), local governments (Lincoln County), land trusts, or continued North
Carolina ownership with state agency management. Covenants and/or deed restrictions will be
implemented to ensure responsible management and protection of the site in perpetuity.
F__?_
NCDOT Page 24 0810912002
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INDIAN CREEK WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN
0
8.0 REFERENCES
13
Cowardin LM, Carter V, Go let FC, LaRoe ET. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater
Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington D.C.
Martof BS, W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of
the Carolinas and Virginia. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press. 264 pp.
N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental
Management. 1996. A Field Guide to North Carolina Wetlands Report No. 96-01. EPA 904/13-
94/001.
N.C. Natural Heritage Program. 2002. Element Occurrence Search Report: Lincoln County,
North Carolina. http://wNw.ncsparks.net/nhp/searcii.litm]. Updated April 2002.
Peterson RT, editor. 1980. A Field Guide to the Birds of Eastern and Central North America.
4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 384 pp.
Radford AE, Allies HE, Bell CR. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1183 pp.
Schafale MP, Weakley AS. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina:
Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
Recreation, NCDEHNR. Raleigh, North Carolina. 325 pp.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual.
Technical Report Y-87-1, U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg,
Mississippi.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Branch, Wilmington District. Compensatory
Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines. 1993
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Branch, Wilmington District. Memorandum of
Understanding Between the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
and the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District. 8 October 1998.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1998. Corps of Engineers Intermittent Channel Evaluation Form.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Survey of
Lincoln County, North Carolina. January 1995.
U.S. Geological Survey. 1993. Lincolnton West, North Carolina, Topographic Quadrangle (7.5-
minute series).
0 NCDOT Page 25 0810911002
INDIAN CREEK
{VETLAND hfITIGATION PLAN
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Lincolnton West, North Carolina, National Wetlands
Inventory Quadrangle (7.5-minute series).
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4: Southeast Region, North Carolina Ecological Services.
2001. Threatened and Endangered Species in North Carolina: Lincoln County. Updated 22 March
2001. http://nc-es.fws.gov/es/count-,-fr.html
Webster WD, Parnell JF, Biggs WC. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland.
Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press. 255 pp.

NCDOT
Page 26
08/09/2002
0
0
STREAM RESTORATION PLANT
ABBOTT PROPERTY
Wake County, North Carolina
State Project No. 8.1402601
TIP Project No. R-2541
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
February 1999
k1k

DRAFT
Channel Mitigation Monitoring Sheets I, II, III, AND IV
Monitorin,g Data Record
Project Title: R-2541 (Holly Springs Bypass) COE Action ID: 200221216
Stream Name: DWQ Number: _
City, County and other Location Information:
NC 55 N near Ballentine Street in Holly Springs, Wake County
Date Construction Completed:
Ecoregion: 8 digit HUC unit-
USGS Quad Name and Coordinates:
Monitoring Year: (1) of 1
Rosgen Classification:
Length of Project: 422' Urban or Rural: Urban Watershed Size:
Monitoring DATA collected by: K. Smith, M. Green Date: 3/4/04
Applicant Information:
Name: NCDOT Roadside Environmental Unit
Address: 1 South Wilmington St. Raleigh, NC 27611
Telephone Number: [phone] Email address:
Consultant Information:
Name:
Address:
Telephone Number: Email address:
Project Status: Complete
Monitoring Level required by COE and DWQ (404 permit/ 401 Cert.): Level 1 3 3
Monitoring Level 1 requires completion of section 1, Section 2 and Section 3
Section 1. PHOTO REFERENCE SITES
(Alonitoring at all levels must complete this section)
Attach site map showing the location and angle of all reference photos with a site
designation (name,
number, letter, etc.) assigned to each reference photo location. Photos should be provided for all
structures and cross section locations, should show both banks and include an upstream and
downstream view. Photos taken to document physical stability should be taken in winter. Photos
taken to document vegetation should be taken in summer (at representative locations). Attach
photos and a description of each reference photo or location. We recommend the use of a photo
identification board in each photo to identify location.
Total number of reference photo locations at this site: 4
Dates reference photos have been taken at this site: 6/25/03 9/5/03 11/26/03 3/4/04
Individual from whom additional photos can be obtained (name, address, phone):
Other Information relative to site photo reference: 8 reference photos taken at each quarterly monitoring
If required to complete Level 3 monitoring only stop here; otherwise, complete section 2.
Ul0)10(?2
L,jC'?e
DRAFT
DRAFT
Section 2. PLANT SURVIVAL
Attach plan sheet indicating reference photos.
Identify specific problem areas (missing, stressed, damaged or dead plantings):
Although plants were dormant at the time of monitoring, the streambank appeared to be highly vegetated.
Estimated causes, and proposed/required remedial action:
N/A
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
This is the 4`h quarter monitoring for the Holly Springs Bypass site. The site is covered with thick dormant
If required to complete Level I and Level 2 monitoring only stop here; otherwise, complete section 3.
2
DRAFT
DRAFT
Section 3. CHANNEL STABILITY
Visual Inspection: The entire stream project as well as each in-stream structure and bank
stabilization/revetment structure must be evaluated and problems addressed.
Report on the visual inspection of channel stability. Physical measurements of channel
stability/morpholo.gy will not be required. Include a discussion of any deviations from as-built
and an evaluation of the significance of these deviations and whether they are indicative of a
stabilizing or destabilizing situation.
Channel is very stable at time of monitoring NCDOT recommends discontinue monitoring of the Holly
Springs Bypass.
Date Station Station Station Station Station
Inspected Number Number Number Number Number
Structure
Type
Is water
piping
through or
around
structure?
Head cut or
down cut
resent?
Bank or scour
erosion
resent?
Other
problems
noted?
NOTE: Attach separate narrative sheets to each monitoring report describing/discussing
the overall monitoring results. Include the identification of specific problem
areas/channel failures, estimated cause and proposed/required remedial action. This
should include a brief discussion of any parameter that has changed significantly from as-
built.
DRAFT
Holly Springs By-Pa
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Photo 5
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Photo 2
Photo 4
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I
STAT[
JAMEs B. HUNT )P-
GOVERNOR
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
P.O. 60X25201, RALEIGH. N.C. 27611-5201
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Raleigh, NC 27615
Dear Mr. Alsmeyer:
SUBJECT: Abbott Stream Restoration Plan, Wake noun:
TIP No. R-2531 (8.140260 1 ).
1 a?`?s U
9, S.
Attached is a copy of the Abbott Stream Restoration Plan for your review. The site is located
north of US 1 between two residential communities in west Raleigh. This site will provide 1,018 linear
feet of stream restoration for the proposed NC 55, Holly Springs Bypass (R-2541) in Wake Count. .
We look forward to receiving your comments on this plan by March 5, 1999. If you have am,
questions or need additional information, please contact Mr. Tanner Holland at [phone].
Sincerely,
E. Noms TOLSON
SECRETARY
February 8, 1999 1\21
-?` C. 5
, 7)

V. C. Bruton, Ph.D., Assistant Branch Nlana?-,er
Project Development d:. Environmental Analysis
cc: Mr. David Franklin, COE. Wilminzon
Ms. Kathy Matthews, EPA, Atlanta
Mr. Roy Shelton, FI-iWA
Mr. John Dorney, NCDWQ
Mr. Ron Ferrell, NCWRP
Mr. David Cos, NCWRC
Mr. John Hefner, USFWS
Mr. Randy Wise, NCDOT Roadside Environmental
Mr. Dave Henderson, NCDOT Hydraulics
Mr. Len Hill, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Bill Moore, Geotechnical Unit
Mr. Steve Varnedoe, P.E., Division 5 En-ineer
r
- 001k
STREAM RESTORATION PLANT
ABBOTT PROPERTY
Wake County, North Carolina
State Project No. 8.1402601
TIP Project No. R-2541
Prepared For
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Prepared By
James A. Buck, P.E.
Project Engineer
Karen R. Hall
Project Biologist
E A R T H T E C CI
701 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property Wake County, North Carolina
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 SITE DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ .. 1
1.2 SITE HISTORY .................................................................................................... .. 5
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... .. 6
3.0 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................... .. 8
4.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 9
4.1 WATERSHED ........................................................................................................ 9
4.1.1 Description .................................................................................................. 9
4.1.2 Landuse and Zoning .................................................................................... 9
4.1.3 Development/Stability ............................................................................... 13
4.2 STREAM .............................................................................................................. 15
4.3 FORMER POND BASIN ...................................................................................... 15
4.3.1 Scrub/Shrub Area ...................................................................................... 17
4.3.2 Emergent Area ........................................................................................... 17
4.3.3 Upland Forest ............................................................................................ 18
5.0 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 19
5.1 SURVEYS ............................................................................................................. 19
5.2 DELINEATION CRITERIA ................................................................................. 19
5.3 EXISTING STREAM CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................... 21
6.0 BANKFULL VERIFICATION ......................................................................................... 22
7.0 REFERENCE REACHES ................................................................................................. 24
7.1 BROOKHAVEN ................................................................................................... 24
7.2 MINGO CREEK ................................................................................................... 24
8.0 NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN .................................................................................... 28
8.1 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ................................................................................. 28
8.2 FLOOD ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 28
8.3 STRUCTURES ..................................................................................................... 36
8.3.1 Cross Vanes ............................................................................................... 36
8.3.2 J-Hook Rock Vanes ................................................................................... 39
8.3.3 Root Wads ................................................................................................. 39
8.4 BANK STABILIZATION ..................................................................................... 39
9.0 NATURAL COMMUNITIES ........................................................................................... 42
9.1 RIPARIAN BUFFER ............................................................................................ 42
9.2 WETLAND DEPRESSIONS ................................................................................42
9.3 STREAM BANK VEGETATION ........................................................................ 44
10.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................... 45
10.1 CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................ 45
i February 1999
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott PropeM,, Wake Conn!y, North Carolina
10.2 MONITORING ..................................................................................................... 45
10.3 DISPENSATION OF PROPERTY ....................................................................... 46
10.4 MITIGATION CREDITS ......................................................................................46
11.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 47
TABLES
Page
Table 1- Priorities, description, and summary for an incised river restoration ............................. 7
Table 2 - Morphological characteristics: existing, reference, and proposed reaches .................. 29
FIGURES
Page
Figure 1 Project Location Map .................................................................................................... 2
Figure 2 Vicinity Map .................................................................................................................. 3
Figure 3 Site Map ........................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 4 Abbott Property Drainage Area ................................................................................... 10
Figure 5 Soil Map ...................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 6 Land Use ...................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 7 Zoning Map ................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 8 Current Natural Communities Map ............................................................................. 16
Figure 9 NC Rural Piedmont Regional Curve ........................................................................... 23
Figure 10 Brookhaven Drainage Area ......................................................................................... 25
Figure 11 Mingo Creek Drainage Area ....................................................................................... 26
Figure 12 Plan View .................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 13 Typical Cross-Sections ................................................................................................ 32
Figure 14 Riffle and Pool Locations ............................................................................................ 33
Figure 15 Shields Curve .............................................................................................................. 34
Figure 16 Flood Insurance Rate Map .......................................................................................... 35
Figure 17 Approximate Flooding Limits ..................................................................................... 37
Figure 18 Cross Vanes ................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 19 J-Hook Vanes .............................................................................................................. 40
Figure 20 Root Wads ...................................................................................................................41
Figure 21 Revegetation Plan ....................................................................................................... 43
APPENDICES

1
APPENDIX A EXISTING STREAM CONDITIONS
APPENDIX B BROOKHAVEN REFERENCE REACH
APPENDIX C MINGO CREEK REFERENCE REACH
APPENDIX D NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN METHODOLOGY
APPENDIX E HEC-RAS FLOODING ANALYSIS
ii
February 1999
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Properm Wake Coiuuy. North Carolina
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to construct the NC 55,
Holly Springs Bypass (R-2541) on a new location from SR 1114 (Ralph Stevens Loop Road) to
SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road) in Wake County (Figure 1). Construction of this project will result in
unavoidable impacts to 528 meters (1,733 feet) of stream.
The NCDOT located the Abbott Site as a potential stream mitigation site (Figure 2). A
feasibility study of the property was prepared in January 1998. The report concluded that
approximately 300 linear meters (920 ft) (based on preliminary mapping) of the unnamed
tributary on the Abbott Property was severely degraded resulting in degradation of water quality
and loss of aquatic habitat on the site as well as downstream. Restoration will require
determining how far the stream has departed from its natural stability, and what the stable form
of the stream (channel dimension and pattern) is likely under the current hydrologic conditions
within the drainage area. Once the stream's potential has been determined, restoration
techniques on the Abbott Property include:
• Alteration of stream channel dimensions and meander geometry to achieve stream stability.
Y Placement of root wads or other materials along the bank to reduce erosion and enhance
aquatic habitat.
o Stabilization of stream banks with woody vegetation.
1.1 SITE DESCRIPTION
The Abbott Property, about 2.2 ha (5.5 ac) in size, is located north of US 1 between two
residential communities in west Raleigh. The main feature of the property is a former pond
about 1.3 ha (3.3 ac) in size that has been drained and is in various stages of revegetation. A
small unnamed tributary to Walnut Creek flows through the property from north to south
(Figure 3). Approximately 318 linear meters (1,018 ft) of this tributary is degraded, resulting in
degradation of water quality and loss of aquatic habitat both onsite and downstream.
LI
CI',
Forested floodplains are associated with the stream and at the northern end of the property exists
a cleared, grassy area that serves as a neighborhood park. A wooden footbridge crosses the
stream in the park area. An earthen dam, approximately 4.5 m (15 ft) high, 3 m (10 ft) wide at
the top, and 6 m (20 ft) wide at the base was formerly constructed across the stream to create a
pond. In 1996, Hurricane Fran destroyed a portion of the dam. Currently, the remainder of the
dam is vegetated with saplings, forbs, and grasses and has an unpaved access road on the top.
The destruction of the mid-portion of the dam caused the property to revert back to a stream
channel with a floodplain varying in width from 1.5 to 7.6 m (5 to 25 ft). Portions of the riser
1
February 1999
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North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 1
Project Location Map
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
1 0 1 2 3 Miles
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G North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 2
Site Vicinity Map
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
SOURCE: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP: 2000 0 2000 4000 Feet
7.5 MINUTE QUADRANGLE: RALEIGH WEST. NC (1987)
`akeside Drive
picnic
Area
U1
S
C] Abbott Property Boundary
Streams
Index Contour 25' Interval
Intermediate Contour 5' Interval
Property Lines
Cadastral and Topographical data:
Wake County GIS, 1997; Projection NAD83, m.
Old
Pond
Bed
Old
?illway
.--'? tea;-
Qa,
II
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 3
Site Map
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
50 0 50 100 150 200 250 Feet
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
and barrel exist at the base of the dam where the severely eroded stream channel is now located.
An old emergency spillway is located in the southwestern corner of the basin. The spillway is
U1 I U consists of a concrete slab over the earthen dam. A large scour hole has been formed under the
structure. A foot bridge which once provided access over the spillway has been damaged by
rn fallen trees. Both these structures currently present a safety hazard.
A mixed hardwood-pine forest, approximately 50 to 75 years old, covers the floodplain of the
tributary as it exits the former basin at the southern end of the property. A mixture of hardwood
saplings and forbs covers the majority of the former pond basin.
1.2 SITE HISTORY
According to Mr. John Abbott, a longtime resident of the neighborhood adjacent to the site, the
pond was originally a farm pond associated with a dairy operation. In the mid 1950's the dairy
was sold and the land developed into a residential area. The pond was given to the neighborhood
association (Lakeside Recreation Development Corporation), and for a number of years was a
good place to fish. The pond eventually filled with silt and in the late 1980's the standpipe was
opened and the pond completely drained. The dam was breached about two years ago. Mr.
Abbott was not aware of any environmental problems with the property or of any dumping that
might have occurred on the property. He indicated that the neighborhood "kept a good watch" on
the property.
According to historic aerial photography in the Wake County Soil Survey (photography date:
1967), the Abbott Property contained a small pond. The area immediately to the east of the pond
was cleared; further east was a wooded area (which is now developed as an apartment complex).
The vicinity of the Abbott Property was generally more wooded and slightly less developed.
Aerial photography from NCDOT's photogrammetry unit was evaluated. According to
photography dated 1974, the pond had not been drained at this time. However, aerial
photography dated 1986, revealed that the pond had been drained. From the minimal amount of
vegetation within the basin, it appears that the pond had been drained only a short time since the
1986 photograph. Aerial photography from NCDOT dated 1991 showed conditions similar to
those in 1986.
Color and infrared aerial photography flown in November 1997 showed the basin had become
more vegetated and appeared to have some shrubby species. The stream channel appears more
defined in these photographs.

5 February 1999

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Streant Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this project is to restore the stream to the stable dimension, pattern, and profile
for a C4 stream type as classified using Rosgen's stream classification methodology (Rosgen
1996). According to this methodology, a stream is considered stable if it maintains its dimension,
pattern, and profile over time while consistently transporting its watershed's runoff and sediment
load. Currently the stream on the Abbott Property is unstable. Prior to the dam breaching, silt at
the bottom of the old pond basin was several feet above the existing stream channel at the toe of
the dam. When the dam was breached, the stream began cutting down through the sediment.
This abrupt change in elevation resulted in stream bank erosion known as headcutting. The
channel will continue to headcut further upstream until a stable slope is established.
This project will be a Priority I restoration (Rosgen, 1997). Table 1 describes and summarizes
the four priorities of incised river restoration (Rosgen, 1997). This type of restoration will re-
establish the channel on a previous floodplain, or in this case, the basin of the old pond.
Appropriate channel dimensions (width and depth), pattern (sinuosity, beltwidth, riffle-pool
spacing), and profile (bed slope) of the new channel will be determined from reference reaches.
The old channel will be filled in from excavation of the center dam wall. The opening in the
center of the dam will be widened to allow for an expanded floodplain.
6 February 1999

N

Table 1 Priorities, Description, and Summary For Incised River Restoration
DESCRIPTION METHODS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
PRIORITY 1 Re-establish channel on Re-establishment of 1) floodplain re-
Convert G and/or F previous floodplain using floodplain and stable establishment could
stream types to C relic channel or channel: cause flood damage to
and/or E at previous construction of new 1) reduces bank height urban agricultural and
elevation bankfull discharge channel. and streambank erosion industrial development.
w/floodplain Design new channel for 2) reduces land loss 2) downstream end of
dimension, pattern and 3) raises water table project could require
profile characteristic of 4) decreases sediment grade control from new
stable form. Fill in 5) improves aquatic and to previous channel to
existing incised channel or terrestrial habitats prevent head-cutting.
with discontinuous oxbow 6) improves land
lakes level with new productivity, and
floodplain elevation. 7) improves aesthetics.
PRIORITY 2 If belt width provides for 1) decreases bank height 1) does not raise water
Convert G and/or F the minimum meander and streambank erosion table back to previous
stream types to C or width ratio for C or E 2) allows for riparian elevation
E. Re-establishment stream types, construct vegetation to help 2) shear stress and
of floodplain at channel in bed of existing stabilize banks velocity higher during
existing or higher, but channel, convert existing 3) establishes floodplain flood due to narrower
not at original level bed to new floodplain. If to help take stress of floodplain
belt width is too narrow, channel during flood 3) upper banks need to
excavate streambank walls. 4) improves aquatic be sloped and stabilized
End-hall material or place habitat to reduce erosion during
in streambed to raise bed 5) prevents wide-scale flood.
elevation and create new flooding of original land
floodplain in the surface
deposition. 6) reduces sediment
7) downstream grade
transition for grade
control is easier.
PRIORITY 3 Excavation of channel to 1) reduces the amount of 1) high cost of materials
Convert to a new change stream type land needed to return the for bed and streambank
stream type without involves establishing river to a stable form. stabilization
an active floodplain, proper dimension, pattern 2) developments next to 2) does not create the
but containing a and profile. To convert G river need not be re- diversity of aquatic
floodprone area. to B stream involves an located due to flooding habitat
Convert G to B increase in width/depth and potential 3) does not raise water
stream type, or F to entrenchment ratio, 3) decreases flood stage table to previous levels.
Be shaping upper slopes and for the same magnitude
stabilizing both bed and flood
banks. A conversion from 4) improves aquatic
F to Be stream type habitat.
involves a decrease in
width/depth ratio and an
increase in entrenchment
ratio.
PRIORITY 4 A long list of stabilization 1) excavation volumes 1) high cost for
Stabilize channel in materials and methods reduced stabilization
place have been used to decrease 2) land needed for 2) high risk due to
stream bed and bank restoration is minimal excessive shear stress
erosion, including and velocity
concrete, gabions, boulders 3) limited aquatic
and bio-engineering habitat depending on
methods nature of stabilization
methods used.
QL
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
3.0 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
This stream restoration project should achieve the following goals and objectives:
1. Provide a stable stream channel that neither aggrades nor degrades while maintaining its
dimension, pattern, and profile with the capacity to transport its watershed's water and
sediment load.
2. Improve downstream water quality by reducing the amount of sediment being produced by
the existing headcut, bank erosion, and mass wasting of the banks.
3. Improve aquatic habitat by reducing the silt and clay fines in the stream bed caused by bank
erosion.
4. Improve fish habitat with the use of natural material stabilization structures such as root wads
and rock vanes and a riparian buffer.
8 February 1999
0
0
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Properb% Wake Cowyy, North Carolina
4.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
4.1 WATERSHED
4.1.1 Description
The watershed which drains into the unnamed tributary is approximately 155 ha (385 ac) or 0.6
sq. mi. and is triangular in shape (Figure 4). Within the watershed exists a mixture of residential
and commercial properties. This watershed is characterized with a SCS Curve Number of 75.
The northern boundary of the watershed is Hillsborough Street, which was constructed along a
ridgeline. Overland flow drains into one of two small tributaries either in the northwest corner or
in the northeast corner of the watershed. These small intermittent streams converge in the middle
of the watershed, forming the tributary that flows through the study area. Eastern and western
boundaries follow topography to the southern boundary, which is the point where the tributary
flows into the head of the former pond.
Topography within the watershed ranges from gently sloping uplands to flat floodplains. The
watershed gradient is approximately 2 percent. Development has been extensive within this area
and topography has invariably been altered to accommodate buildings and roads. Drainage from
impervious roads and driveways has been channeled through ditches and culverts.
Soils within the watershed are mainly Cecil sandy loams with variable slopes (Figure 5). Many
of these soils are eroded according to the Wake County Soil Survey (1970). Pockets of Appling
sandy loam exist in the northern portion of the watershed. Chewacla soils are dominant in the
drainageways. Wehadkee and Bibb soils are present along the perennial stream directly above
the project site.
4.1.2 Landuse and Zoning
Landuses within the watershed area have been identified in the Raleigh Comprehensive Plan
(May 1998) as Community Focus, Residential Community Focus, Employment Area, Residential
Retail, and Transit Corridor (Figure 6).
0
'J

Zoning is primarily for residential use. Approximately 335 acres, nearly 87 percent, of the
watershed area are zoned as Residential - 4, 10, and 15 District (Figure 6). Neighborhood
Business District comprises the second largest zoned areas with 35 acres or 9 percent of the
watershed. Areas zoned Shopping Center District make up approximately 15 acres or 4 percent
of the watershed area. The following descriptions of permitted uses in zoning districts have been
referenced from the City of Raleigh Zoning Code.
o Residential-4 District
Single-family dwellings (10,890 sq. ft. minimum lot size) - maximum four (4) per acre;
townhouses, group housing, multi-family, and condominiums as part of a Cluster Unit
Development.
9 9 February 1999
0
9

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-y? Drainae Area t ?? _ 0? ?' •. [ °'?
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SOURCE: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP:
7.5 MINUTE QUADRANGLE: RALEIGH WEST, NC (1987)

North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 4
Abbott Property Drainage Area
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
2000 0 2000 4000 Feet
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LEGEND SOURCE: WAKE COUNTY SOIL SURVEY, NRCS
Ag132 - Appling Gravelly Sandy Loam, 2.6% slope
AgC2 -Appling Gravelly Sandy Loam, 6-10% slope
ApB - Appling Sandy Loam, 2-6% slope North Carolina -Department of Transportation
ApC - Appling Sandy Loam, 6-10% slope
CeB2 - Cecil Sandy Loam, 2-6% slope Division of Highways
CeC - Cecil Sandy Loam, 6-10% slope Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
CeD - Cecil Sandy Loam, 10-15% slope
CeF- Cecil Sandy Loam, 1045% slope FIGURE 5
CgB - Cecil Gravelly Sandy Loam, 2-6% slope Soil Ma
CgC - Cecil Gravelly Sandy Loam, 6-10% slope p
Cm - Chewacla soils Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Cn - Colfax Sandy Loam Wake County, North Carolina
Ma - Made land
WmE- Wedowee Sandy Loam, 15-25% slope
Wy - Worsham Sandy Loam Not to scale

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Policy Boundary line
District Boundary
1* A' Tlroroughdare
"Type V Thoroughfare
Regional Comer
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a _^ Emplaymern Aso
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• Regional Intaosity Area
City Faun
Community Focus
1r Residential Community Focus
O Neighborhood Focus
- Wait Aga
Rasidentiol Retall
Raleigh Comprehensive Plan, May 1998
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 6
Land Use
Abbott Property Stream Restorat
Wake County, North Carolina
Not to scale
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
I • Residential-10 District
Single-family dwellings (5,000 sq. ft. minimum lot size), duplex; multi-family dwellings,
townhouses, condominiums or group housing - maximum ten (10) units per acre;
rooming house, boarding house, or tourist home; club for civic purposes.
• Residential-15 District
Single-family dwellings (5,000 sq. ft. minimum lot size), duplex dwellings (6,500 sq. ft.
minimum lot size); multi-family dwellings, townhouses, condominiums or group
' housing - maximum 15 units per acre.
• Shopping Center District
Dwellings up to 30 units per acre; government buildings and grounds; charitable
institutions, parking lots, funeral home, radio and TV studios, office or studio of a
professional or business agent, or political, labor or service association; colleges;
nonresidential related service facilities; profit-making recreational uses; emergency
shelter type B; kennel or riding stable; garages and filling stations, retail sales of all kinds;
custom manufacturing; shopping centers; individual storage facilities; adult
establishments.
• Neighborhood Business District
All Shopping Center uses (limited to 10 residential units per acre); emergency shelter
type A.

7
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In an effort to make the zoning more compatible with actual development, Roylene Acres
has been rezoned to Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District as specified in the Raleigh
Comprehensive Plan (Figure 7). The following regulations apply to new construction only in the
district:
• Minimum lot size of 20,000 square feet.
• Minimum lot frontage at the street of 100 feet.
• Minimum front yard setback of 50 feet.
• Maximum building height of 30 feet and no more than two and a half stories.
4.1.3 Development/Stability
Approximately 70 to 75 percent of the watershed has been developed with either apartment
complexes or single family houses (see Figure 7). The southern portion of the watershed,
including the old pond basin, is part of the Roylene Acres Neighborhood Conservation Overlay
District. Birchtree Apartments are located in the center of the watershed. Westridge Woods, a
housing subdivision, and Woodbridge Apartments are located in the northeastern corner of the
watershed.
In the north-central portion exist several large undeveloped tracts, about 75 acres, that have no
road frontage. Smaller tracts, which join these large tracts to the north, have been developed
along Hillsborough Street. Because these large tracts are land-locked, it is assumed that
development
13 February 1999

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North Carolina - Department of Transportation
LEGEND Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
R = Residential District FIGURE 7
SC = Shopping Center District Zoning Map
NB = Neighborhood Business District Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
1000 0 1000 2000 Feet

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Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
is unlikely. They are currently zoned Residential. In the center of the watershed area are several
vacant lots totaling approximately 35 acres that have development potential. These lots are also
currently zoned Residential.
Based on current zoning and development maps, it is concluded that approximately 25 to 30
percent or 110 acres of the watershed is not developed. Development is unlikely in
approximately 20 to 25 percent of the watershed. Therefore, only about 5 percent of the
watershed has development potential. Thus, this watershed is considered stable and increased
runoff should not be caused by development activities.
4.2 STREAM
The main drainage on the Abbott property is a second order unnamed perennial tributary which
originates approximately 2 km (1.25 mi) northwest of the property and flows for approximately
2.4 km (1.5 mi) to its confluence with Walnut Creek. The tributary flows under US 1 to Lake
Johnson, approximately 610 m (2000 ft) to the southeast (see Figure 2). The total drainage area
for this tributary is about 182 ha (450 ac). A low natural levee exists along the length of the
tributary.
Draining from a 315 cm (124 in) diameter culvert, the main stream channel at the northern
boundary of the project site has a width and bank height of approximately 1.2 m (4 ft). The
substrate of the stream consists of silt, sand, pebbles, and cobbles. The water depth is
approximately 2.4 cm (6 in).
The main channel meanders south through the former pond basin. The banks become 1.5 to 1.8
m (5 to 6 ft) high, vertical, partially vegetated, and severely eroded. The accumulation of silt and
sand is evident along the channel banks in the middle portion of the basin.
Just above the breached dam, the main channel widens to 1.5 m (5 ft) and has vertical, eroded
banks approximately 1.2 m (4 ft) high. Just downstream from the dam, bank undercutting is
occurring along the first meander below the dam on the left bank of the channel.

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Below the dam in the southwest corner exists an old spillway channel that flows into the main
channel below the property boundary. A large scour hole is present directly below the spillway
and this channel has been silted in. No water flow was present during the site visit and only a
standing pool of water remained in the spillway channel.
4.3 FORMER POND BASIN
Located within the former pond basin are a scrub/shrub community and an emergent community
(Figure 8). Along the eastern edge lies an area that has recently been disturbed by mechanical
means. This area is referred to as a "disturbed shrub thicket." Along the western boundary of the
basin is a mature hardwood forest. The soils within the basin exhibit hydric characteristics,
however no current indications of wetland hydrology exist. The hydric soils may reflect the
15 February 1999

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Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
previous conditions when the pond basin was inundated. Presently, the stream is deeply incised
within the pond basin and there were no obvious signs of overbank flooding during the site visits.
4.3.1 Scrub/Shrub Area
Located in the upper portion of the basin, the scrub/shrub community comprises approximately
25 percent of the former pond basin. Young stands of river birch (Betula nigra), red maple (Ater
rubrunt), and black willow (Salix nigra), approximately 8 to 10 years old, comprise the canopy
layer, with tag alder (Alnus serrulata) existing in the shrub layer and eulalia (Microstegium
vintineum) dominating the understory.
During the site survey, bird species heard or observed included northern cardinal (Cardinalis
cardinalis), common flicker (Colaptes auratus), slate-colored junco (Junco hyentalis), blue jay
(Cyanocitta cristata), brown thrasher (Toxostonia rufum), common crow (Corvus
brachyrhynchos), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), hairy woodpecker (Picoides
villosus), red-bellied woodpecker (Centurus carolinus), Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis),
ruby-crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula), and hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus).
Other faunal species which would be expected to utilize this habitat include raccoon, opossum,
various rodents, and other songbirds, and snakes.
Soils sampled throughout the pond area appeared to be sediments deposited on the bottom of the
pond. The texture of the soil was micaceous silt. Areas along the stream channel contained
some coarser, sandy materials. The sediments were 1.2 to 1.5 m (4 to 5 ft) deep at the
downstream edge of the pond, becoming less deep towards the north end. Hydric indicators,
such as low chromas (10 YR 4/2), mottling (5 YR 4/6, 10%), and oxidized rhizospheres were
evident to a depth of at least 40 cm (16 in).
4.3.2 Emergent Area
The emergent community, located in the middle and lower portions of the basin, comprises
approximately 60 percent of the former pond area. The dominant plant species observed here
included tearthumb (Polygonunt sagittatum) and other polygonums (Polygonunt spp.), jewelweed
(Impatiens capensis), elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), soft rush (Juncus effusus), asters (Aster
spp.), red maple saplings, cyperus (Cyperus spp.), and wool grass (Scirpus cyperittus).
Fauna observed in the emergent area were the same fauna observed in scrub/shrub area.
Soils sampled in the area were similar to that described in the scrub/shrub area. Hydric
indicators, such as low chromas (10 YR 511), mottling (2.5 YR 4/8, 20%), and oxidized
rhizospheres were evident. A small depressional area was identified on the eastern side of the
basin, most likely formed by heavy equipment traversing the site. Shallow water was pooled in
the depression.

17 February 1999
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Abbott Propern% Wake County, North Carolina
4.3.3 Upland Forest
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An upland forest, located along the western perimeter of the basin and to the east and south of the
property, is comprised mostly of mature hardwoods which range from approximately 50 to 75
years in age. A few pines (Pinus taeda) are scattered along the edge of the stand. Dominant
plant species in this community include tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), sweetgum
(Liquidantbar styraciflua), red maple, giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), and greenbriar (Smilax
spp.). A few river birch, crossvine (Bignonia capreolata), and Christmas fern (Polystichum
acrostichoides) are also present.
Soils sampled in the area had a loamy silt texture and appeared to be alluvial depositions. The
soils exhibited marginal chromas (10 YR 5/3) and some mottling. The soils did not have hydric
indicators. A thick leaf layer was present on the ground surface at the time of the site visit.
18 February 1999

Streant Restoration Platt
Abbott Prnrem% Wake County, North Carolina
5.0 METHODOLOGY
All field measurements, surveys, and analyses were performed using the Rosgen stream
classification methodology.
5.1 SURVEYS
Field surveys of the existing stream channel were conducted on August 4, 14 and 15, 1998.
These field measurements are critical to the classification and assessment of the existing stream
type and provide data to classify the stream using the Rosgen classification method, Levels I and
H (Rosgen 1996).
To establish arbitrary relative elevations for the field measurements, four temporary benchmarks
were set:
1. Invert of the culvert on the downstream (south) side of Lakeside Drive
2. Invert of the culvert on the upstream (north) side of Lakeside Drive
3. The corner of the wooden platform on the upstream (north) side of the footbridge
4. A concrete post which was part of an old picnic table.
A longitudinal survey of the stream began south of the footbridge and continued along the stream
length to the breached dam. The total length measured 263 m (868 ft). Three (3) permanent
cross sections of the existing channel were established; across two riffles and one pool. A
representative pebble count was taken to determine channel bed materials for classification.
5.2 DELINEATION CRITERIA
Stream channels are delineated using five criteria: width/depth ratio, entrenchment ratio, slope,
sinuosity, and channel materials.
Width/Depth Ratio
The width/depth ratio is defined as the ratio of the bankfull surface width to the mean depth of
the bankfull channel. Measurement of the width/depth ratio is important in describing the
channel's cross-section shape. The width/depth (W/D) ratio is also the key to understanding
energy distribution and sediment transport within the channel (Rosgen 1996).
In Chapter 5 of Applied River Morphology, author Dave Rosgen discusses the relationship
between the width/depth ratio, energy, and sediment transport:
rhm The distribution of energy within channels having high FWD ratios (i.e., shallow
and wide channels) is such that stress is placed within the near bank region. As
the W/D ratio value increases (i.e., the channel grows wider and store shallow),
the hydraulic stress against the banks also increases and bank erosion is
accelerated. The accelerated erosion process is generally the result of high
velocity gradients and high boundary stress, as mean velocity, stream power, and
19 February 1999
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Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property. Wake Counm North Carolina
shear stress decrease in the presence of an increase in ?vidth1depth ratio values.
Increases in the sediment supply to the channel develop from bank erosion, which
- by virtue of becoming an over widened channel - gradually loses its capacity to
transport sediment. Deposition occurs, further accelerating bank erosion, and
the cycle continues.
Entrenchment
Entrenchment is defined as the vertical containment of a stream and the degree to which it is
incised in the valley floor. To measure entrenchment, the Rosgen methodology employs a
dimensionless ratio (the entrenchment ratio) to quantify entrenchment. The entrenchment ratio is
calculated by dividing the width of the floodprone area by the bankfull width. The flood prone
area is defined as the area flooded by a stage twice the maximum depth between the bankfull
stage and the thalweg of a riffle.
Slone
Slope of the water surface is defined as the change in water surface elevation per unit stream
length. Stream length is measured in the channel's thalweg. The slope is measured by a
longitudinal survey of the stream length. Slope measurements should be taken for at least 20
bankfull widths or a distance equal to two meander wavelengths.
Sinuosity
Sinuosity is the ratio of stream length to valley length. It can also be calculated as the ratio of
valley slope to stream slope.
Channel Materials
Channel bed and bank materials influence the cross section, plan view, and longitudinal profile
of the stream. They also determine the extent of sediment transport and provide the means of
resistance to hydraulic stress. Field classification of the channel materials is done through a
pebble count. The pebble count uses a systematic sampling system over a distance of at least 20-
30 bankfull widths or two meander wavelengths. Ten sites with ten observations (100 samples
total) are done proportionally in riffles and pool areas. In order to avoid an unrepresentative
sampling, the materials are selected using a blind touch method.

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The segmented particle size data is then added together for a composite total for stream
classification purposes. The data is plotted on log-normal graph paper. The D-50 (50 % of the
sampled population is equal to or finer than the representative particle size) is used to classify the
bed materials.
20 February 1999
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
5.3 EXISTING STREAM CHARACTERISTICS
The data for the existing channel is included in Appendix A. The stream had the following
characteristics:
Width /Depth Ratio: 9.3
Entrenchment Ratio: 1.36
Slope: 0.012
Sinuosity: 1.45
Channel Materials (D-50): 0.5 - 1.0 mm Coarse Sand
Stream Type:
G-5e
21 February 1999
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Streant Restoration Plan
Abbott Property Wake County North Carolina
6.0 BANKFULL VERIFICATION
The bankfull stage was determined in the field using physical indicators. The following is a list
of commonly used indicators (Rosgen, 1996):
• The presence of a floodplain at the elevation of incipient flooding.
• The elevation associated with the top of the highest depositional feature (e.g. point bars,
central bars within the active channel). These depositional features are especially good stage
indicators for channels in the presence of terrace or adjacent colluvial slopes.
• A break in slope of the bank and/or a change in the particle size distribution, since finer
material is associated with deposition by overflow, rather than deposition of coarser material
within the active channel.
• Evidence of an inundation feature such as small benches below bankfull.
• Staining of rocks.
The most common method of verifying bankfull stage is to compare the field determined
07 bankfull stage with measured stages at a stream gage. This calibration can be performed if there
is a stream gage within the study area's hydrophysiographic region. One gage was identified in
the Walnut Creek Watershed. Station Number 02087359 was located at Sunnybrook Drive in
Raleigh, North Carolina. The gage provided data from May through September, 1996. This
short time period does not provide enough data to perform a flood frequency analysis. It is
Q recommend the gage have 10 years of data. Therefore this gage data was not used to verify the
field determined bankfull stage.
In ungaged areas, Dave Rosgen recommends verifying bankfull with the development of regional
curves. The regional curves normally plot bankfull discharge (Q), cross-sectional area, width,
and depth as a function of drainage area. The cross sectional areas of the Abbott Property stream
and the reference reaches used for this report were plotted on the North Carolina regional curve
developed by -the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Water Quality Group, 1998
(Figure 9). All three plotted points are within the confidence region of the regional curve,
verifying the field observation of bankfull.
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Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property. Wake County. North Carolina
7.0 REFERENCE REACHES
Two reference reaches were chosen for this project. Criteria used in selecting these reaches
included: (1) a stream in an urban setting of Wake County, (2) an older, established
neighborhood with little to no current development, and (3) a similar stream type to the project
stream. Urban sites with older, established residential neighborhoods were preferred due to
similarity of the Abbott Property. Each site was selected based on topographic maps and field
reconnaissance.
7.1 BROOKHAVEN
A first order unnamed tributary flowing through the Brookhaven Subdivision in North Raleigh
was chosen as the first reference reach (Figure 10). This small stream is located approximately
1.3 km (0.8 mi) north of the US 70 and NC 50 intersection and directly above York School.
Beginning at a small pond, the stream flows southwest approximately 910 m (3000 ft) before
emptying into Hare Snipe Creek. Mean width of the stream channel is approximately 3 m (10 ft)
and mean depth is about 20 em (8 in). The section measured for reference was 47 m (155 ft) in
length. Longitudinal profile, cross-sections, and the pebble count for this reference reach are
located in Appendix B.
The watershed is approximately 36 ha (90 ac) and encompasses the Brookhaven Subdivision as
well as York School, several industrial buildings, and large tracts of undeveloped wooded land.
This watershed is oval in shape and includes the small tributary and pond. It is bounded to the
east by Highway 50 and generally follows topographic ridgelines to complete the watershed
boundary.
The majority of the development within this watershed has been established for a number of
years and only in the extreme northern part of the watershed is evidence of recent development.
A portion of the stream and surrounding woodlands has been incorporated into a park. Outside
of the park exists an older residential neighborhood. Both the park and the neighborhood lend
stability to the stream and watershed, as no new impervious surfaces have recently been built.
Lack of construction, therefore lack of siltation, also helps with stream stability.
7.2 MINGO CREEK
Mingo Creek is located in eastern Wake County and was chosen as the second reference reach
(Figure 11). This third order stream is located approximately 1.3 km (0.8 mi) south of the US 64
and 1.3 km (0.8 mi) north of Old Faison Road. Beginning just north of Knightdale, it flows
southwest approximately 6 km (4 mi) before emptying into the Neuse River. Mean width of the
stream channel is approximately 2 m (6 ft) and mean depth is about 23 cm (9 in). The section of
the stream measured for reference was 105 m (345 ft) in length. Longitudinal profile, cross-
sections, and the pebble count for this reference reach are located in Appendix C.

0 24 February 1999
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SOURCE: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP:
7.5 MINUTE QUADRANGLE: RALEIGH WEST, NC (1
North Carolina - Department of Transportatior
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Anal
FIGURE 10
Brookhaven Drainage Area
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
Not to scale

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Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
The watershed is approximately 1,030 ha (2,550 ac) and encompasses several newly constructed
0 as well as formerly established dense subdivisions, industrial and retail buildings associated with
the town of Knightdale, and large tracts of undeveloped wooded land near the Neuse River
confluence. This watershed includes about 18 small tributaries and 14 ponds. It is bounded to
the north by Highway 64, to the south and east by Old Faison Road, and to the west by Hodge
Road and Norfolk Southern Railway. A small portion in the southwest corner follows a ridgeline
to the Neuse River.
Development exists in various stages throughout this watershed. New housing developments are
currently being built along the upper reach of the creek near Knightdale and middle reach east of
Hodge Road. An older development exists in the northwest corner. Some subdivisions exist
along the southern edge of the watershed, but the majority of this land is open farm pastures. To
the extreme southwest corner along the lower reach lies undeveloped wooded acreage.
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27 February 1999
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Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property Wake County, North Carolina
8.0 NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN
The design was based upon Dave Rosgen's natural channel design methodology. This 40-step
design procedure is provided in Appendix D. Morphological characteristics were measured on
the existing stream and reference reaches to determine a range of values for the stable dimension,
pattern, and profile of the proposed channel. The measured and proposed morphological
characteristics are shown in Table 2.
A conceptual design was developed from the range of values listed in Table 2. Figure 12 shows
the plan view of the proposed channel. Figure 13 shows a typical cross section of a riffle and
pool and Figure 14 shows locations of the riffles and pools. Riffles are located at the inflection
points between meanders while pools are located on the outside bend of the meander.
8.1 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
A stable stream has the capacity to move its sediment load without aggrading or degrading. The
total load of sediment can be divided into bed load and wash load. Wash load is normally
composed of fine sands, silts and clay and transported in suspension at a rate that is determined
by availability and not hydraulically controlled. Bed load is transported by rolling, sliding, or
hopping (saltating) along the bed. At higher discharges, some portion of the bed load can be
suspended, especially if there is a sand component in the bed load. Bed material transport rates
are essentially controlled by the size and nature of the bed material and hydraulic conditions (Hey
1997).
The shear stress placed on the sediment particles is the force that entrains and moves the
particles. The critical shear stress for the proposed channel has to be sufficient to move the D84
of the bed material. The critical shear stress was calculated and plotted on Shield's curve to
determine the approximate size of particles that will be moved (Figure 15). Based on Shield's
curve, particles from 20 mm to 100 mm could be moved with an average value 50 mm. The D84
of the existing stream is 25 mm. Therefore, the proposed design has sufficient shear stress to
move the stream's bed load.
8.2 FLOODING ANALYSIS
The project's location was identified on the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Flood
Insurance Rate Map, as shown in Figure 16. The project is not located within the limits of the
100-year floodplain.
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Stormwater runoff was estimated using the US Geological Survey's TR-55. Runoff was
estimated for the 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, 25-year, 50-year, and 100-year storm events. The
computer results are shown in Appendix E.
28 February 1999
Table 2: Morphological Characteristics
Existing, Reference, and Proposed Reaches
Existing Reference Reaches Proposed
Variables Channel Brookhaven Mingo Creek Reach

1 Stream type (Rosgen) G5c C4 C/E5 C4/5
2 Drainage area (Sq. Mi.) 0.6 0.14 4.0 0.6
3 Bankfull width (Wbkf) ft 14.9 10.0 21.9 17.0
4 Bankfull mean depth (dbkf) ft 1.6 0.55 1.6 1.4
5 Width/depth ratio (Wbkf/dbkf) 9.3 18.2 13.7 12.1
6 Bankfull cross-sectional area (Abkf) sq ft 24.0 5.5 35.7 24.0
7 Bankfull mean velocity (Vb,d) fps 4.6 5.9 2.7 4.6
8 Bankfull discharge (Qbkf) cfs from Manning 110 33 95 110
9 Bankfull maximum depth (d,.) ft 2.1 1.0 3.0 2.8
10 Width of flood prone area Apa) ft 20.2 33.0 86.0 56.0
11 Entrenchment ratio (Wfpa/Wbkf) 1.4 3.3 3.9 3.3
12 Meander Length (LR,) ft n/a 47.0 89 -195 85 - 170
13 Ratio of meander length to bankfull width (L,T,/Wbv) n/a 4.7 4 - 8.9 5-10
14 Radius of curvature (Rc) ft n/a 12 -35 29 - 53 20 - 60
15 Ratio of radius of curvature to bankfull width (Rc/Wbkf) n/a 1.2-3.5 1.3-2.4 1.2-3.5
16 Belt width (Wbn) ft n/a 28 - 41 42 - 67 32 - 70
17 Meander width ratio (WbnNVbkf) n/a 2.8-4.1 1.9-3.1 1.9-4.1
18 Sinuosity (stream length / valley length) (k) 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4
19 Valley slope (Svalley) 0.017 0.028 0.003 0.017
20 Average slope (Save) _ (Svalleyik) 0.012 0.016 0.002 0.012
21 Pool slope (SP.l) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29
Table 2: Morphological Characteristics
Existing, Reference, and Proposed Reaches
Existing Reference Reaches Proposed
Variables Channel Brookhaven Mingo Creek Reach

22 Ratio pool slope to average slope (SPpo f Save) 0 0 0 0
23 Maximum pool depth (dpoo,) ft 3.0 2.2 3.0 2.8
24 Ratio of pool depth to ave. bankfull depth (dp..fdbv) 1.9 4.0 1.9 2.0
25 Pool width (Wpoo,) ft 11.4 8-11 15.2 11.9-18.7
26 Ratio of pool width to bankfull width (Wp.MbV) 0.8 .8-1.1 0.7 .7-1.1
27 Pool/pool spacing (p-p) ft n/a 38 -48 65 -110 51 - 85
28 Ratio of p-p spacing to bankfull width (p-p/Wbkr) n/a 3.8-4.8 3.0-5.0 3.0-5.0
Materials:
Particle size distribution of channel material (mm)
D 16 <.062 0.6 0.13
D 35 0.20 4.0 0.4
D 50 0.8 16.0 0.7
D 84 25.0 70.0 2.0
D 95 60.0 90.0 4.0
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North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 12
Plan View
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION - RIFFLE
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION - POOL
A= 24ft2
d max = 1.9 - 2.2'
A=28-32ft2
d max = 2.8 - 5.6'
North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 13
Typical Cross Sections
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
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Laboratory and field data on critical shear stress required to
initiate movement of grains (Leopold, Wolman, & Miller 1369).
The solid line is the Shields curve of the threshold of motion
transposed from the 0 versus R. fora into the present form,
in which critical shear stress is plotted as a function of grain
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North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 15
Shields Curve
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
Log Scale
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Zone X-
500-Year Floodplain
FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map 3718300506 E, March 3, 1992
' North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
FIGURE 16
Flood Insurance Rate Map
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
50 0 50 100 150 200 250 Feet
a
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Streant Restoration Plan
Abbott Property Wake County North Carolina
Approximate limits of flooding for the existing and proposed channels were determined using
HEC-RAS software from the US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center.
Water surface profiles for the 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, 25-year, 50-year, and 100-year storm
events were computed. Figure 17 shows the limits of flooding for the existing stream channel.
Neither the existing nor proposed stream channel flood any private property owner.
The proposed channel does raise flood stage for some portions of the reach but mainly for a
2-year storm event. The change in the flood stage caused by the proposed channel is as follows:
Storm Event Maximum Increase (ft)
2-year 2.9
5-year 2.1
10-year 1.5
25-year 0.7
50-year 0.5
100-year 0.5
Flood stage for the more frequent storms are increased due to the relocation of the stream bed on
a higher elevation. The existing stream is incised and can transport higher flow in the channel.
The proposed channel will use the floodplain to transport the large storm events.
Appendix E contains the water surface profiles and cross sections for the existing and proposed
stream channels.
8.3 STRUCTURES
Three different structure types made of natural materials will be installed in the stream channel.
These structures include cross vanes, j-hook rock vanes, and root wads. These will be made from
natural materials either on-site or from off-site locations.
8.3.1 Cross Vanes

This structure serves to maintain the integrity of the upstream riffle while promoting scouring in
the downstream pool (Figure 18). The design shape is roughly that of the letter "U" with the
apex located on the upstream side at the foot of the riffle. Footer rocks are placed in the channel
bottom for stability. Rocks are then placed on top of these footer rocks in the middle of the
channel at approximately the same elevation as those rocks in the riffle. On either side of the
channel, rocks are placed at an angle to the stream bank, gradually inclining in elevation until
they are located above the bankfull surface directly adjacent to the stream bank (see Profile view,
Figure 18). Water flowing downstream is forced over these rocks towards the middle of the
channel on either side of the structure, effectively scouring out a pool below. Rocks placed at the
apex hold back stream bed material and prevent them from washing downstream. A cross vane
is primarily used for grade control.
36 February 1999
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Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
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8.3.2 J-Hook Rock Vanes
This structure is designed to break up the secondary circulation cells which cause stress in the
near bank region (Figure 19). It also forces the thalweg away from the bank and towards the
middle of the stream channel. Similar in design to the cross vane, these structures are placed on
the outside of curve meanders. Footer rocks are placed on one side of the channel bottom for
stability. More rocks are then placed at an angle to the stream bank, gradually inclining in
elevation until they are located above the bankfull surface directly adjacent to the stream bank
(see Profile view, Figure 19). Additional rocks are placed to give the structure a "J" shape. These
extra rocks are added to help create fish habitat. The j-hook vane helps relieve stress on the near
bank region and provides fish habitat.
8.3.3 Root Wads
The objectives of these structure placements are to: (1) protect the streambank from erosion; (2)
provide in-stream and overhead cover for fish; (3) provide shade, detritus, terrestrial insect
habitat; (4) look natural, and (5) provide diversity of habitats (Rosgen 1996). A footer log and
boulder are placed on the channel bottom and abut the stream bank along an outside meander
(Figure 20). This provides support for the root wad and additionally stability to the bank. A
large tree root wad is then placed on the stream bank with additional boulders and rocks on either
side for stability. Flowing water is deflected away from the bank and towards the center of the
channel.
Specific location of these structures will be determined during final design.
8.4 BANK STABILIZATION
Lakeside Drive borders the north end of the project area. The stream passes through a large
culvert and then flows onto the site. The culvert is at a slight angle to the road. During high flow
events water is directed to the western bank causing severe erosion of the bank. The stream bank
in this area will be stabilized by terracing the bank and stabilizing it with geotextile fabric and
planting with vegetation such as willow.
Additionally, immediately south of the existing dam, the stream bends toward the west. The
stream is currently undercutting the bank in this area. A root wad will be placed in this bend to
help stabilize the bank and prevent further erosion of the bank.
0
0 39 February 1999
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Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
9.0 NATURAL COMMUNITIES
The target community for the site is a Piedmont alluvial forest (Schafale and Weakley 1990).
The former pond basin will serve as the floodplain and is expected to revert to a bottomland
forest with an open to dense understory and sparse to dense herb layer. Dominant canopy trees of
this community type include river birch, black willow, red maple, sweetgum (Liquidambar
styraciflua), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and
American elm (Ulnnes ainericana). Understory trees and shrubs included in this community are
tag alder, southern sugar maple (Ater barbatum), boxelder (Ater negundo), and American holly
(Ilex opaca). Because many of the trees and saplings of this natural community type are already
established in areas within and around the former pond basin, natural regeneration is anticipated
in the floodplain.
9.1 RIPARIAN BUFFER
A 15 meter (50 feet) riparian buffer, encompassing 0.76 ha (1.88 ac), will be established on
0 either side of the new stream channel (Figure 21). This buffer zone is currently vegetated with a
mix of herbaceous vegetation, scrub/shrubs, and small trees (See Section 4.3). Within this
a buffer, 0.14 ha (0.34 ac) of land disturbed from construction activities will be revegetated with
hardwoods. Additionally, the old stream channel and dam area will be revegetated. Proposed
species to be planted in these areas include the following:
Bottomland Hardwoods (dry)
Black walnut (Juglans nigra)
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis)
Tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Areas where these species are proposed are shown on Figure 21. Areas that are currently
vegetated will remain undisturbed and succession allowed to proceed naturally.
9.2 WETLAND DEPRESSIONS
Two depressional areas currently exist on the site. These are located on the eastern portion of the
basin. These areas were likely wet at one time however, with the downcutting of the stream,
wetland hydrology was removed. By reestablishing the stream channel in the floodplain wetland
hydrology should be restored to these areas. Minor grading is proposed to reestablish
microtopographic relief in these two areas and a third wetland depression will be created on the
on the western side of the basin (See Figure 21). These depressions, totaling 0.21 ha (0.53 ac) in
size, will help retain surface water and serve as flood storage, as well as help diversify the natural
communities on site. Proposed species to be planted within these depressions include the
following:
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Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County, North Carolina
Bottomland Hardwoods (wet)
Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda)
Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Wetland Indicator Status
FAC+
FACW-
FACW-
FACW
FAC
Prior to planting the soil will be tested and amended as necessary with lime to achieve a pH
between 5.5 and 7. The site will be seeded with seed rye grain to help stabilize the soil after
initial site alterations and prior to planting of tree seedlings. Bare root seedlings of tree species
will be planted at a density of 1680 stems per hectare (680 stems per acre) on approximately 2.4
meter (8 feet) centers. Seedlings will be at least one season old and 30 to 46 cm (12 to 18 in) in
height. Planting will be performed between November and March to allow plants to stabilize
during the dormant period and set root during the spring season.
9.3 STREAM BANK VEGETATION
Vegetation that develops a quick canopy, extensive rooting, and substantial plant structure is
needed to help stabilize slopes of the new channel in order to reduce stream scour and runoff
erosion. In riparian environments, pioneer plants that provide those functions are alder, birch,
dogwood, and willow. Once established, these trees can create the environment required for
succession of plant species including ash, maples, sycamores, and other riparian species.
In an effort to utilize current site resources, the upper half of the new stream channel has been
designed to take advantage of existing vegetation. Outside bends of stream meanders have been
placed in areas of young tree and shrub stands in order to improve bank stabilization. Vegetation
along the old stream channel will carefully be lifted and placed along the banks of the lower half
of the new channel, with concentrated planting along the outside bend of the meanders. The
plant species currently on site include:
River birch (Betula nigra)
Red maple (Acer rubrum)
Tag alder (Alms serrulata)
Black willow (Salix nigra)
This onsite vegetation has stem diameters ranging from 3 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in). Because some
mortality is expected, additional plantings of cuttings, bareroot plants, or tube plants of other
plant material is planned. This mixture of vegetation should provide greater stability to the
stream banks. The total area of stream bank stabilization plantings is 0.03 ha (0.07 ac). These
planting areas are shown on Figure 21.
Planting will be performed between November and March to allow plants to stabilize during the
dormant period and set root during the spring season.
0 44 February 1999
0
0
Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake County. North Carolina
10.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
10.1 CONSTRUCTION
The following is a recommended construction sequence of events:
1. Survey, stake, then dig the new channel, stockpiling fill and vegetation
2. Construct structures at appropriate locations in the new channel
3. Plant vegetation in specified locations - according to final design
4. Plug lower crossing of the existing stream diverting water into the new channel
5. Backfill old stream bed with fill from stockpiles and dam wall to the plug
6. Plug upper crossing of the new and old stream beds diverting water into the new channel
7. Backfill old stream bed to the upper plug with fill from stockpiles and dam wall
8. Repeat for the final reach at the top of property
9. Remove old footbridge over the spillway and the spillway structure which are safety
hazards.
10. Perform final grading in wetland depression areas and along removed dam wall.
The old channel must be backfilled to prevent water from seeking the lowest elevation and re-
establishing the old channel. Based on the cross sections taken approximately 1900 yards of fill
will have to be excavated from the dam wall and place in the existing channel. It is estimated
that there are over 3300 yards of fill in the breached dam wall, which is sufficient for this project.
Prior to construction all operators, engineers, and inspectors should be briefed on the
environmental sensitivity of this construction. It is important for these individuals to know the
dimensions specified in the design are critical to the success of the project. Experience has
demonstrated the average equipment operator will oversize the channel, thinking he/she is
helping by making the channel larger.
Operators should only operate equipment in designated areas and minimize damage to existing
vegetation. They should be instructed where to stockpile fill and vegetation and must stay on
designated temporary haul roads.
During construction strict sediment and erosion control measures should be employed to
minimize increasing the sediment load to Walnut Creek.
10.2 MONITORING
The NCDOT proposes to monitor the stream mitigation site of one year. Two types of
monitoring for the site is planned: vegetation and channel/stream bank stability. The NCDOT
will establish photo reference points at the stream mitigation site. The photo reference sites will
be located using Global Positioning System and included on the "As-Built" plan for the
mitigation site. The NCDOT will submit a brief report with these photographs to the resource
agencies regarding these two aspects of monitoring upon completion of the one year monitoring
period.
0
45 February 1999
Stream Restoration Plan
Abhott Property Wake County North Carolina
The NCDOT will implement quarterly visits over one year after completion of the mitigation
work to ensure channel/bank stability. Photographs of the vegetation will be taken at the end of
the growing season. Photographs will show coverage/survivability of the vegetation and
channel/stream bank stability. Any remediation action that is necessary will be initiated as soon
as possible with consideration given to seasonal constraints. The NCDOT will contact the US
Army Corps of Engineers about the remediation. Monitoring period extensions will be addressed
on a case by case basis.
10.3 DISPENSATION OF PROPERTY
NCDOT will maintain ownership of the property until all mitigation activities are completed and
the site is determined to be successful. Although no plan for dispensation of the Abbott
mitigation site has been developed, NCDOT will deed the property to a resource agency (public
or private) acceptable to the appropriate regulatory agencies. Covenants and/or restrictions on
the deed will insure adequate management and protection of the site in perpetuity.
10.4 MITIGATION CREDITS
This mitigation plan is proposed to partially fulfill compensatory mitigation requirements for
wetland impacts associated with R-2541. The project will impact 444 m (1,421 ft) of surface
waters. The NCDOT plans to relocate 132 m (422 ft) of stream. Therefore, based on a 2:1 ratio
NCDOT has a stream mitigation need of 542 m (1,733 ft) of stream restoration for R-2541.
Once restoration activities are completed, 347.5 m (1,112 ft) of restored stream will be present on
the Abbott Site.
0
0 46 February 1999
e

Stream Restoration Plan
Abbott Property, Wake Connh', North Carolina
11.0 REFERENCES
Hey, Richard and Dave Rosgen. 1997. Fluvial Geomorphology for Engineers. Wildland
Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, Colorado.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and G.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas.
The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Robbins, C.S. and H.S. Zim. 1996. A Guide to Field Identification of Birds of North America.
Western Publishing, Racine, Wisconsin.
Rosgen, Dave. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs,
Colorado.
Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
a Carolina, Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
Recreation, Dept. of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1970. Soil Survey of Wake
County, North Carolina.
ilia
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Webster, W. D., J. F. Parnell, and W. C. Biggs, Jr. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia,
and Maryland. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
47 February 1999

I
APPENDIX A
EXISTING STREAM CONDITIONS
Photo Log
Longitudinal Profile
Cross Sections
Pebble Count
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fic- 'N' North Carolina - Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Planning and Environmental Branch
FIGURE A-1
Photo Locations
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Wake County, North Carolina
50 0 50 100 250 FEET

ABBOTT STREAM RESTORATION
PHOTO LOG

11

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3. Mass wasting of stream bank.
4. Severe bank erosion leading to loss of bank vegetation.

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5. Vertical bank caused by head cut.

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9. Bank erosion downstream of dam.
10. Breach in center of dam. Note level of deposited material in former bed of pond.

1

11. Spillway Channel

12. Bridge over spillway. Note scour hole below spillway.

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13. Current vegetation in former bed of pond.
14. Current vegetation in former bed of pond.

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15. Road on east side of property.

Longitudinal Profile
Abbott Property Stre am Restoration
Station Elevation-thalweg Elevation-water surface Survey Dates: August 4, 14, 1998
0 98.5 99.3
100 98.6 99.0 Survey Party: Jim Buck, Karen Hall,
150 97.7 98.4 Greg Jennings, Will Harman, Ron Johnson
215 98.2 98.3 Lynn Woerner
244 97.4 97.5
293 97.0 97.2 Jim Buck - Instrument
319 96.6 96.7 Karen Hall - Rod
339 96.4 96.6 Greg Jennings - Rod/instrument
357 96.1 96.3 Will Harman - Recorder
375 96.2 96.3 Lynn Woemer - Recorder
397
401 95.3
95.0 95.5
95.4
TBM - Invert of culvert on Lakeside Drive
402 93.9 95.5 TBM - Elevation = 100 feet
405 92.7 95.5
412 93.7 95.4 Water Surface Slope: 0.012
416 95.4 95.4
426 94.6 94.6 Stream Length: 868 feet
' 427 93.8 94.2 Valley Length: 600 feet
430 94.1 94.2
433 91.9 93.2 Sinuosity: 1.45
437 91.4 93.2
444 92.2 93.2
452 93.1 93.2
460 92.6 92.9
467 92.0 92.9
479 92.7 92.9
483 92.4 92.5
485 92.1 92.3
` 491 92.1 92.3
502 91.8 92.0
513 91.9 92.0
516 91.2 91.9
521 90.7 91.9
536 91.7 91.9
552 91.9 92.0
567 91.2 91.4
' 578 91.2 91.4
590 91.0 91.1
600 90.9 91.1
628 90.3 91.1
637 90.6 91.1
656 90.3 90.4
' 657 90.1 90.3
678 89.7 90.3
691
718 89.8
88.8 90.3
90.3
732 89.3 90.3
753
768 90.1
89.4 90.3
89.6
786 89.4 89.6
814 87.5 89.2
840 88.5 89.1
.? 868 88.9 89.2

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Cross Section Station 1+23 (Riffle)
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Basin: Neuse River
Watershed: Walnut Creek Watershed
Reach: Unnamed Trib to Walnut Creek
Date: 8/4/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, and Lynn
Purpose: Data Collection for Stream Classification and Restoratior
Permanent Cross Section: Station 1+23
Station HI FS Elevation Notes
Feet Feet Feet
0.0 111.28 5.5 105.8
10.0 7.1 104.2 LPIN-GRD
16.7 8.8 102.5 LFP
18.0 9.6 101.7 LTOB
19.0 10.5 100.8 LBKF
19.1 12.2 99.1
20.5 12.4 98.9
21.0 12.4 98.9 LEW
21.9 12.6 98.7 TW
23.5 12.4 98.9 REW
25.8 12.4 98.9
27.9 12.0 99.3
30.1 12.1 99.2
31.6 11.7 99.6 SCOUR
33.9 11.0 100.3
33.9 10.5 100.8 RBKF
34.8 9.2 102.1 RTOB
36.0 8.9 102.4
36.9 8.8 102.5 RFP
38.5 8.3 103.0
42.0 8.5 102.8
46.5 8.6 102.7
51.5 8.3 103.0
56.0 8.0 103.3
67.0 6.9 104.4
77.0 4.5 106.8
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth Area
Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
0 0 0.0
0.1 1.7 0.1
1.4 1.9 2.5
0.5 1.9 1.0
0.9 2.1 1.8
1.6 1.9 3.2
2.3 1.9 4.4
2.1 1.5 3.6
2.2 1.6 3.4
1.5 1.2 2.1
2.3 0.5 2.0
0 0.0 0.0
14.9 24.0
Summary Data
BKF A 24.0
BKF W 14.9
Max d 2.1
Mean d 1.6
W/D Ratio 9.3
FP W 20.2
ER 1.36
Str. Type G5c
Regional Curve (Rural)
Watershed Size 0.6
Bkf A (Rural Curve) 14
Bkf W (Rural Curve) 13
Bkf D (Rural Curve) 1.1
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(100:1) UOIIUA013
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Cross Section Station 3+39 (Riffle)
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Basin: Neuse River
Watershed: Walnut Creek Watershed
Reach: Unnamed Trib to Walnut Creek
Date: 8/14/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, and Lynn
Purpose: Data Collection for Stream Classification and Restoration
Permanent Cross Section 3+39
Station HI FS Elevation Notes
Feet Feet Feet
0.6 106.45 6.00 100.5 LPIN-GRD
0.6 5.39 101.06 LPIN
6.0 6.4 100.1
10.0 6.3 100.2
14.0 6.1 100.4
18.0 5.7 100.8 LFP
22.2 5.0 101.5
25.0 5.2 101.3 LTOB
26.0 6.0 100.5
28.7 7.9 98.6 LBKF
29.5 8.2 98.3
29.9 8.7 97.8
30.3 10.1 96.4 LEW,TW
30.3 9.9 96.6
32.3 10.0 96.5
34.6 9.9 96.6 REW
35.7 9.8 96.7
35.9 9.3 97.2
36.6 8.6 97.9
36.9 7.9 98.6 RBKF
37.8 6.6 99.9
39.0 5.6 100.9
44.3 5.7 100.8
50.0 6.1 100.4
56.7 6.2 100.3
59.0 6.2 100.3
60.8 6.0 100.5
61.5 5.8 100.7
62.7 4.3 102.2 RTOB
63.7 4.2 102.25 RPIN-GRD
63.7 3.02 103.43 RPIN-TOP
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
Width
Feet Depth
Feet Area
Sq. Ft.
0 0 0.0
0.8 0.3 0.1
0.4 0.8 0.2
0.4 2.2 0.6
0 2.0 0.0
2 2.1 4.1
2.3 2.0 4.7
1.1 1.9 2.1
0.2 1.4 0.3
0.7 0.7 0.7
0.3 0.0 0.1
8.2 13.1
Summary Data
BKF A 13.1
BKF W 8.2
Max d 2.2
Mean d 1.6
W/D Ratio 5.1
FP W 13
ER 1.6
Str Type G5c
Regional Curve (Rural)
Watershed Size 0.6
Bkf A (Rural Curve) 14
Bkf W (Rural Curve) 13
Bkf D (Rural Curve) 1.1

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Cross Section - Station 7+32 (Pool)
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Basin: Neuse River
Watershed: Walnut Creek Watershed
Reach: Unnamed Trib to Walnut Creek
Date: 8/14/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, and Lynn
Purpose: Data Collection for Stream Classification and Restoration
Permanent Cross Section 7+32
Station HI FS Elevation Notes
Feet Feet Feet
1.1 101.6 5.2 96.4 LPIN-GRD
1.1 4.16 97.4 LPIN
12 5.3 96.3 BKF Hydraulic Geometry
28.5 5.3 96.3 LTOB Width Depth Area
29.3 5.8 95.8 Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
30.6 6.6 95.0
31.1 9.4 92.2 LBKF 0.0 0.0 0
31.6 10.3 91.3 0.5 0.9 0.225
34.7 10.7 90.9 3.1 1.3 3.41
35.1 11.3 90.3 WS 0.4 1.9 0.64
35.7 11.7 89.9 0.6 2.3 1.26
36.4 12.2 89.4 0.7 2.8 1.785
37.8 12.4 89.2 TW 1.4 3.0 4.06
39 12.3 89.3 1.2 2.9 3.54
39.6 12 89.6 0.6 2.6 1.65
40 10.5 91.1 0.4 1.1 0.74
42 10.2 91.4 2.0 0.8 1.9
42.5 9.4 92.2 RBKF 0.5 0.0 0.2
43 5.1 96.5 RTOB 11.4 19.4
60 5.2 96.4
78 4.8 96.8 RPIN-GRID
78 4.14 97.5 RPIN-TOP Summary Data
BKF A 19.4
BKF W 11.4
Max d 3.0
Mean d 1.7
W/D Ratio 6.7
FP W 12.4
ER 1.1
Regional Curve (Rural)
Watershed Size 0.6
Bkf A (Rural Curve) 14
Bkf W (Rural Curve) 13
Bkf D (Rural Curve) 1.1
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Pebble Count
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Abbott Property Date: 8/4/98
Party: Jim Buck, Karen Hall, Gregg Jennings, Will Harman Reach: Unnamed Trib -Walnut Crk
Particle Counts
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffles Pools Total No. Item % % Cumulative
Silt/Clay < 0.062 S/C 5 14 19 19% 19%
Very Fine .062-.125 S 2 2 4 4% 23%
Fine .125-.25 A 2 10 12 12% 35%
Medium .25-.50 N 4 5 9 9% 44%
Coarse .50-1.0 D 3 6 9 90/0 53%
.04-.08 Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 S 0 0 0 0% 53%
.08-.16 Very Fine 2.0-4.0 2 5 7 7% 60%
.16-.22 Fine 4.0-5.7 G 1 6 7 7% 67%
.22-.31 Fine 5.7-8.0 R 2 1 3 3% 70%
.31-.44 Medium 8.0-11.3 A 0 1 1 1% 71%
.44-.63 Medium 11.3-16.0 V 2 2 4 4% 75%
.63-.89 Coarse 16.0-22.6 E 3 3 6 6% 81%
.89-1.26 Coarse 22.6-32.0 L 5 1 6 6% 87%
1.26 -1.77 Very Coarse 32.0-45.0 S 1 2 3 3% 90%
1.77-2.5 Very Coarse 45.0 - 64.0 2 1 3 3% 93%
2.5-3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 4 0 4 4% 97%
3.5-5.0 Small 90 -128 O 1 1 2 2% 99%
5.0-7.1 Large 128 - 180 B 0 0 0 0% 99%
7.1-10.1 Large 180 - 256 L 0 0 0 0% 99%
10.1-14.3 Small 256 - 362 B 0 0 0 0% 99%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 L 0 0 0 0% 99%
20 - 40 Medium 512 -1024 D 0 0 0 0% 99%
40 - 80 Lrg- Very Lrg 1024 - 2048 R 0 0 0 0% 99%
Bedrock BDRK 1 0 1 1 % 100%
Totals 40 60 100 100% 100%
Particle Size Distribution
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Particlo Size - Millimeter
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
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APPENDIX B
BROOKHAVEN REFERENCE REACH
Longitudinal Profile
Cross Sections
Pebble Count
Li
1
1
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a
Longitudinal Profile
Brookhaven Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Crabtree
Reach: Brookhaven
Date: 8/15/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, Ron, and Lynn
Purpose: Site Chara cterization - reference reach
Longitudinal Profile
Station Elevation-thalweg Elevation-water surface
0 88.4 88.7
30 87.1 87.7
49 86.6 87.8
62 87.4 87.8
85 86.9 87.1
98 86.3 87.1
121 86.9 87.1
133 85.6 86.2
138 85.3 86.2
155 86.0 86.2
Water Surface Slope 0.016
Stream Length 155
Valley Length 91
Sinuosity 1.7
Channel Pattern:
Meander Length 47 feet
Belt Width 28 - 41 feet
Radius of Curvature " 12 - 35 feet

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Cross Section - Station 0+12.5 (Riffle)
Brookhaven Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Crabtree
Reach: Brookhaven
Date: 8/15/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, Ron, and Lynn
Purpose: Site Characterization - reference reach
Permanent Cross Section 0+12.5
Station HI FS Elevation NOTES
Feet Feet Feet
0.0 93.99 1.5 92.5
0.1 2.0 92.0
1.5 2.5 91.5
2.1 3.2 90.8
2.2 4.3 89.7
2.3 4.5 89.5
2.8 4.9 89.1 LBKF
3.5 5.2 88.8
4.1 5.3 88.7
4.5 5.5 88.5
5.5 5.6 88.4
5.6 5.6 88.4
6.0 5.7 88.3
6.7 5.7 88.3
7.6 5.7 88.3
8.4 5.6 88.4
8.7 5.8 88.2
9.1 5.9 88.1 TW
9.5 5.7 88.3
9.9 5.5 88.5 REW
10.6 5.4 88.6
11.5 5.1 88.9
12.0 5.0 89.0
12.8 4.9 89.1 RBKF
14.3 4.6 89.4
15.8 4.3 89.7
18.0 4.1 89.9
Regional Curve (Rural)
Watershed Size (sq mi) 0.14
Bkf A (Regional Curve) 4.5
Bkf W (Regional Curve) 6.5
Bkf D (Regional Curve) 0.7
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth Area
Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.3 0.1
0.6 0.4 0.2
0.4 0.6 0.2
1 0.7 0.6
0.1 0.7 0.1
0.4 0.8 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.6
0.9 0.8 0.7
0.8 0.7 0.6
0.3 0.9 0.2
0.4 1.0 0.4
0.4 0.8 0.4
0.4 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.5 0.4
0.9 0.2 0.3
0.5 0.1 0.1
0.8 0.0 0.0
10 5.5
Summary Data_
BKF A 5.5
BKF W 10
Max d 1.0
Mean d 0.55
W/D Ratio 18.2
FP W 33
ER 3.3
Str Type C4

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Cross Section - Station 0+49 (Pool)
Brookhaven Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Crabtree
Reach: Brookhaven
Date: 8/15/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, Ron, and Lynn
Purpose: Site Characterization - reference reach
Permanent Cross Section 0+49
Station HI FS Elevation NOTES
Feet Feet Feet
0 93.99 2 92.0 LTOP
0.65 5.1 88.9 LBKF
1.3 7.3 86.7 Undercut bank
2.3 7.3 86.7 TW
3 7.2 86.8
4.8 6.5 87.5
5.7 6.2 87.8 REW
7.6 5.5 88.5
8 5.4 88.6
9 5.1 88.9 RBKF
10.8 4.9 89.1
13.4 4.7 89.3
15 4.4 89.6
16.8 4.1 89.9
Regional Curve (Rural)
Watershed Size (sq mi) 0.14
Bkf A (Regional Curve) 4.5
Bkf W (Regional Curve) 6.5
Bkf D (Regional Curve) 0.7
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
Width
Feet Depth
Feet Area
Sq. Ft.
0 0 0
0.65 2.2 0.7
1 2.2 2.2
0.7 2.1 1.5
1.8 1.4 3.2
0.9 1.1 1.1
1.9 0.4 1.4
0.4 0.3 0.1
1 0 0.2
8.35 10.4
Summary Data
BKF A 10.4
BKF W 8.35
Max d 2.2
Mean d 1.2
W/D Ratio 6.7
FP W
ER >2.2

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Cross Section - Station 0+97 (Pool)
Brookhaven Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Crabtree
Reach: Brookhaven
Date: 8/15/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, Ron, and Lynn
Purpose: Site Characterization - reference reach
Permanent Cross Section 0+97
Station HI FS Elevation NOTES
Feet Feet Feet
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
0 91.94 1.9 90.0 Width Depth Area
4.5 3.5 88.4 Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
6.8 3.8 88.1 LBKF 0 0 0.0
10 4.3 87.6 3.2 0.5 0.8
11.4 4.9 87.0 1.4 1.1 1.1
12.6 5.4 86.5 1.2 1.6 1.6
14.4 5.7 86.2 1.8 1.9 3.2
17.2 4.9 87.0 REW 2.8 1.1 4.2
17.9 4.3 87.6 0.7 0.5 0.6
18.1 3.8 88.1 RBKF 0.2 0 0.1
18.9 1.3 90.6 RTOB 11.3 11.5
Regional Curve (Rural) Summary Data
Watershed Size (sq mi) 0.14 BKF A 11.5
Bkf A (Regional Curve) 4.5 BKF W 11.3
Bkf W (Regional Curve) 6.5 Max d 1.9
Bkf D (Regional Curve) 0.7 Mean d 1.0
W/D Ratio 11.1
FP W
ER >2.2
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Cross Section - Station 0+97 (Pool)
Brookhaven Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Crabtree
Reach: Brookhaven
Date: 8/15/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, Ron, and Lynn
Purpose: Site Characterization - reference reach
Permanent Cross Section 0+97
Station HI FS Elevation NOTES
Feet Feet Feet
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
0 91.94 1.9 90.0 Width Depth Area
4.5 3.5 88.4 Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
6.8 3.8 88.1 LBKF 0 0 0.0
10 4.3 87.6 3.2 0.5 0.8
11.4 4.9 87.0 1.4 1.1 1.1
12.6 5.4 86.5 1.2 1.6 1.6
14.4 5.7 86.2 TW 1.8 1.9 3.2
17.2 4.9 87.0 REW 2.8 1.1 4.2
17.9 4.3 87.6 0.7 0.5 0.6
18.1 3.8 88.1 RBKF 0.2 0 0.1
18.9 1.3 90.6 RTOB 11.3 11.5
Regional Curve (Rural) Summary Data
Watershed Size (sq mi) 0.14 BKF A 11.5
Bkf A (Regional Curve) 4.5 BKF W 11.3
Bkf W (Regional Curve) 6.5 Max d 1.9
Bkf D (Regional Curve) 0.7 Mean d 1.0
W/D Ratio 11.1
FP W 19
ER 1.7

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Cross Section - Station 1+24 (Riffle)
Brookhaven Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Crabtree
Reach: Brookhaven
Date: 8/15/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Jim, Karen, Ron, and Lynn
Purpose: Site Characterization - reference reach
Permanent Cross Section 1+24
Station HI FS Elevation NOTES
Feet Feet Feet
0 95.47 4.8 90.7 LTOB BKF Hydraulic Geometry
3.3 6.6 88.9 Width Depth Area
9.4 7 88.5 Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
12.9 7.4 88.1 LBKF 0 0 0.0
16.8 7.8 87.7 3.9 0.4 0.8
17.1 8.3 87.2 0.3 0.9 0.2
19.8 8.2 87.3 2.7 0.8 2.3
21.8 8.5 87.0 LEW 2 1.1 1.9
23.6 8.6 86.9 TW 1.8 1.2 2.1
26.6 8.5 87.0 REW 3 1.1 3.5
28 7.8 87.7 1.4 0.4 1.1
28.5 7.4 88.1 RBKF 0.5 0 0.1
29.8 5.3 90.2 RTOB 15.6 11.8
Regional Curve (Rural) Summary Data
Watershed Size (sq mi) 0.14 BKF A 11.8
Bkf A (Regional Curve) 4.5 BKF W 15.6
Bkf W (Regional Curve) 6.5 Max d 1.2
Bkf D (Regional Curve) 0.7 Mean d 0.8
W/D Ratio 20.6
FP W 29
ER 1.9
Str Type C4
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Pebble Count
Brookhaven Reference Reach
PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Brookhaven Nature Park Date: 8/15/98
Party: Jim Buck, Karen Hall, Gregg Jennings, Will Harman Reach: Trib - Hare Snipe Creek
Particle Counts
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffles Pools Total No. Item % % Cumulative
Silt/Clay < 0.062 S/C 0 4 4 4% 4%
Very Fine .062-.125 S 1 0 1 1% 5%
Fine .125-.25 A 2 1 3 3% 8%
Medium .25-.50 N 0 4 4 4% 12%
Coarse .50-1.0 D 0 7 7 7% 19%
.04-.08 Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 S 5 2 7 7% 26%
.08-.16 Very Fine 2.0-4.0 2 6 8 8% 34%
.16-.22 Fine 4.0-5.7 G 0 5 5 5% 39%
.22-.31 Fine 5.7-8.0 R 2 2 4 4% 43%
.31-.44 Medium 8.0-11.3 A 1 2 3 3% 46%
.44-.63 Medium 11.3-16.0 V 2 2 4 4% 50%
.63-.89 Coarse 16.0-22.6 E 4 4 8 8% 58%
.89-1.26 Coarse 22.6-32.0 L 4 3 7 7% 65%
1.26 -1.77 Very Coarse 32.0-45.0 S 2 8 10 10% 75%
1.77-2.5 Very Coarse 45.0-64.0, 4 2 6 6% 81%
2.5-3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 7 5 12 12% 93%
3.5-5.0 Small 90 -128 O 4 1 5 5% 98%
5.0-7.1 Large 128 -180 B 0 1 1 1% 99%
7.1-10.1 Large 180 - 256 L 0 0 0 0% 99%
10.1-14.3 Small 256 - 362 B 0 0 0 0% 99%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 L 0 0 0 0% 99%
20 - 40 Medium 512 -1024 D 0 0 0 0% 99%
40 - 80 Lrg- Very Lrg 1024 - 2048 R 0 0 0 0% 99%
Bedrock BDRK 0 1 1 1% 100%
Totals 40 60 100 100% 100%
Particle Size Distribution
m
E
C
m
r
H
m
c
LL
0
0.1 1 10 100
Particl© Size - Millimeter
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%'
10%
0%
Iuvu
a
0
L
APPENDIX C
MINGO CREEK REFERENCE REACH
Longitudinal Profile
Cross Sections
Pebble Count
1'- j

C
L
C
0
U11-
I

E
L
Longitudinal Profile
Mingo Creek Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Neuse River
Reach: Mingo Creek
Date: 10/1/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Karen, and Ron
Purpose: Site Characterization for Reference Reach
Longitudinal Profile
Station Elevation-thalweg Elevation-water surface
0 96.3 96.7
84 95.9 96.6
93 96.0 96.6
101 96.1 96.6
127 96.1 96.6
148 95.9 96.2
175 95.7 96.2
198 94.6 96.1
230 95.8 96.2
265 95.4 96.1
317 95.3 96.0
345 95.6 96.0
Water Surface Slope 0.0022
Stream Length 345 feet
Valley Length 240 feet
Sinuosity 1.44
Channel Pattern:
Meander Length 89 -195 feet
Belt Width 42 - 67 feet
Radius of Curvature 29 - 53 feet
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(1001) UOIIUA013
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Cross Section - Station 0+84
Mingo Creek Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Neuse
Reach: Mingo Creek
Date: 10/1/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Karen, an d Ron
Purpose: Site Characterization for Reference Reach
Permanent Cross Section 0+84
Station HI FS Elevation Notes
Feet Feet Feet
0 102.64 3.8 98.8 LBKF
0.5 4.0 98.6
0.9 6.0 96.6 LEW
5.0 6.2 96.4
10.0 6.5 96.1
12.0 6.7 95.9 TW
14.8 6.1 96.5 REW
15.2 3.8 98.8 RBKF
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth - Area
Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
0 0 0.0
0.5 0.2 0.1
0.4 2.2 0.5
4.1 2.4 9.4
5.0 2.7 12.8
2.0 2.9 5.6
2.8 2.3 7.3
0.4 0.0 0.5
15.2 36.1
Summary Data
BKF A 36.1
BKF W 15.2
Max d 2.9
Mean d 2.4
W/D Ratio 6.4
FP W 86.0
ER 5.7
Str. Type E5
Regional Curve (Rural)
Watershed Size 4.0
Bkf A (Rural Curve) 52
Bkf W (Rural Curve) 27
Bkf D (Rural Curve) 2.0

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Cross Section - Station 3+17
Mingo Creek Reference Reach
Basin: Neuse
Watershed: Neuse River
Reach: Mingo Creek
Date: 10/1/98
Crew: Will, Greg, Karen, and Ron
Purpose: Site Characterization for Reference Reach
Permanent Cross Section 3+17
Station HI FS Elevation Notes
Feet Feet Feet
0.0 103.27 4.1 99.2 LTOB
2.3 5.0 98.3 LBKF
4.0 5.5 97.8
6.4 6.0 97.3
7.0 6.5 96.8
10.6 6.7 96.6
11.7 7.1 96.2
13.8 7.3 96.0 LEW
15.5 7.5 95.8
16.9 8.0 95.3 TW
19.0 8.0 95.3
20.0 7.4 95.9 REW
21.0 6.0 97.3
24.2 5.0 98.3 RBKF
29.0 4.4 98.9 RTOB
BKF Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth Area
Feet Feet Sq. Ft.
0 0 0.0
1.7 0.5 0.4
2.4 1.0 1.8
0.6 1.5 0.8
3.6 1.7 5.8
1.1 2.1 2.1
2.1 2.3 4.6
1.7 2.5 4.1
1.4 3.0 3.9
2.1 3.0 6.3
1 2.4 2.7
1 1.0 1.7
3.2 0.0 1.6
21.9 35.7
Summary Data
BKF A 35.7
BKF W 21.9
Max d 3.0
Mean d 1.6
W/D Ratio 13.4
FP W 86.0
ER 3.9
Str Type C5
Regional Curve (Rural)
Watershed Size 4.0
Bkf A (Rural Curve) 52
Bkf W (Rural Curve) 27
Bkf D (Rural Curve) 2.0
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Pebble Count
Mingo Creek Reference Reach
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PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Abbott Property Date: 1011198
Party: Karen Hall, Gregg Jennings, Will Harman, Ron Johnson Reach: Mingo Creek
Particle Counts
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffles Pools Total No. Item - O/- Cumulative
Silt/Clay < 0.062 S/C 0 1 1 1% 1%
Very Fine .062-.125 S 4 8 12 12% 13%
Fine .125-.25 A 4 9 13 13% 26%
Medium .25-.50 N 4 9 13 13% 39%
Coarse .50-1.0 D 10 9 19 .19% 58%
.04-.08 Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 S 12 10 22 22% 80%
.08-.16 Very Fine 2.0-4.0 12 3 15 15% 95%
.16-.22 Fine 4.0-5.7 G 3 0 3 3% 98%
.22-.31 Fine 5.7-8.0 R 1 0 1 1% 99%
.31-.44 Medium 8.0-11.3 A 0 1 1 1% 100%
.44-.63 Medium 11.3-16.0 V 0 0 0 0% 100%
.63-.89 Coarse 16.0-22.6 E 0 0 0 0% 100%
.89-1.26 Coarse 22.6-32.0 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
1.26 -1.77 Very Coarse 32.0-45.0 S 0 0 0 0% 100%
1.77-2.5 Very Coarse 45.0 - 64.0 0 0 0 0% 100%
2.5-3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 0 0 0 0% 100%
3.5-5.0 Small 90 -128 O 0 0 0 0% 100%
5.0-7.1 Large 128 -180 B 0 0 0 0% 100%
7.1-10.1 Large 180 - 256 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
10.1-14.3 Small 256 - 362 B 0 0 0 0% 100%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 L 0 0 0 0% 100%
20 - 40 Medium 512 -1024 D 0 0 0 0% 100%
40 - 80 Lrg- Very Lrg 1024 - 2048 R 0 0 0 0% 100%
Bedrock BDRK 0 0 0 0% 100%
Totals 50 50 100 100% 100%
Particle Size Distribution
100%
90%
80%
m 70%
E 60%
U
50%
H 40%
c 30%
U.
20%
10%
0%

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Particle Sim - Millimeter
1000
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APPENDIX D
NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN METHODOLOGY
0
0
0
NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The following 40-step design procedure developed by Dave Rosgen was used for this
natural channel design. Variations or omission of certain steps are noted in italics.
Appendices listed below are found in Section F of the course manual for Fluvial
p Geomorphology for Engineers by Richard Hey and David Rosgen and also in Dave
Rosegn's River Restoration and Natural Channel Design Manual.
Step 1. Perform a watershed analysis to determine the past history and search for the
reasons of altered channel state/dis-equilibrium. This includes changes in the vegetation,
location, development, and other landscape and vegetative changes that reflect on peak
flows, duration of high flows and precipitation/runoff response. Sediment sources for
introduced sediment from landslides, roads, and surface runoff from exposed surfaces
(agriculture) are also identified. Procedures in WRENSS, 1980 may help you quantify
these cumulatively. If TR 20 or TR 55 is used to simulate a peak flow, verify the model
by back calculating the corresponding storm intensity/duration that generates the 1.5 year
return period discharge (or the return period associated with field calibrated bankfull
discharge from your local USGS gage station data). Any excess flows predicted beyond
the bankfull value should be considered as flood flows and treated accordingly (see rest
of steps). Watershed analysis is in Section 4.1.
Step 2. If the river is regulated by a storage reservoir and/or diversion, obtain the
operational hydrology of the installation. Compare the hydrograph with the field
evidence of bankfull discharge. Back calculate the streamflow from the cross-sectional
area of the bankfull channel using morphological evidence. Determine change in timing
of the tributaries. Although a dam once existed on the Abbott property, the breach in the
dart not longer hydraulically controls the stream.
Step 3. Travel to the nearest stream gaging stations in a similar hydro-physiographic
province. Follow the steps in Appendix I for field calibration of the bankfull stage and
development of regional curves of drainage area vs bankfull discharge and drainage area
vs bankfull dimensions. This procedure is used to not only develop regional curves, but
to establish the return period of the flows that shape and maintain the channel. This
information is critical when designing a stream where streamflow records are not
available. A stream gage with sufficient data was not available. Consequently, the
regional curve developed by NCSU's Water Quality Group was used.
Step 4. Plot the hydraulic geometry for the gage station. Step 4 was not done.
Step 5. Classify the stream type at the streamgage location and morphological
characterization using the procedures outlined in Appendix H (Use the stream
classification form for use at streamgage locations for this purpose. Step 5 was not done.
Step 6. Plot Manning's "n" for bankfull stage by stream type on the relation in Figure 5.
This step was perfonned for both the Mingo Creek and Brookhaven reference reaches, C5
- 12=0.035; C4 - n=0.02.

0
0
Step 7. Obtain the following information for stream classification at the gage site:
A. Bankfull discharge return period (years), operational hydrology, and altered
flows.
B. Valley type, landform/landtype.
C. Valley slope.
D. Dimensions, Pattern and Profile
1. Stream type (level II)
r-I 2. Drainage area (square miles)
3. Bankfull width (Wbkf)(taken at riffle)
4. Bankfull mean depth (dbkf)
5. Width/depth ratio (Wbkf/dbkf)
6. Bankfull cross-sectional area (Abkf)
7. Bankfull velocity (Ubkf)
8. Bankfull discharge (Qbkf)
9. Bankfull maximum depth (d,,,a,)(taken at riffle)
10. Ratio of bankfull max depth to Bankfull mean depth (d,,,,,/dbkf)
11. Width of flood prone area (Wfpa)
12. Entrenchment ratio (Wfpa/Wbkf)
13. Meander length (Lm)
14. Ratio of meander length to bankfull width (L JWbkf)
15. Radius of Curvature (Re)
16. Ratio of Radius of Curvature to bankfull width (Re/Wbkf)
17. Belt width (Wbit)
18. Meander width ration (Wblt/Wbkf)
19. Sinuosity (stream length/valley distance)
20. Average slope (Save)
21. Riffle slope (Sriff)
22. Ratio of riffle slope to mean
23. Pool slope (Spoof)
24. Ratio of pool slope to average slope (Spool/Save)
25. Maximum pool depth (dpool)
26. Ratio of pool depth to average Bankfull depth (dpooi/dbkf)
27. Pool width (Wpool)
28. Ratio pool width to bankfull width (Wpool/Wbkf)
29. Pool/pool spacing
30. P/P spacing/Wbkf
See Table 2, Morphological Characteristics.
E. Materials
1. Particle size of channel material (riffles and pools) (Wolman pebble count
- frequency distribution) D15, D35, D50, D84, D95:
2. Particle size of channel material (riffle) (Wolman pebble count -
frequency distribution) D15, D35, D50, D84, D95:
3. Particle size analysis of bar material (weight/size from field sieves) D15,
D35, D50, D84, D95:
a
0
0
4. Largest size particle at toe of bar (mm)
See Table 2 and Appendices for pebble count data. Note: lack of point bars
prevented an analysis of the point bar materials.
Step 8. Calculate the bankfull critical shear stress = (62.4 #'s/cu.ft.) x (hydraulic radius)
x (slope), then compare size of sediment potentially entrained (obtained from Figure 7) to
largest size as measured in bar sample. If values are not similar, plot the largest size
found in bar and the corresponding bankfull shear stress on the relationship presented in
Figure 7 (note the stream type and width/depth ratio and gradation ratio {D84/D351).
This computation is applied to the riffle reach. Shear stress is discussed in Section 8.1,
Sediment Transport.
Evaluation of impacted reach. The next steps are designed to determine existing
condition, potential condition (reference reach) and the proposed dimension,
pattern and profile for the natural channel design.
Step 9. Determine the valley type, land type and corresponding stream type
commensurate with the landform for the study reach.
Step 10. Locate a reference reach in the immediate area or in an adjacent watershed for a
similar hydro-physiographic province.
Step 11. Obtain and analyze aerial photographs for a reference reach to observe time
trends in stability (before vs after major floods, above vs below impacts, etc.)
Step 12. Complete the morphological characterization information (Table 2). This data
from the reference reach is extremely important, as it will provide the appropriate ratios
for the dimension, pattern and profile of the stable stream type, to be used for the natural
channel design.
Step 13. Complete a level III analysis for the reference reach to determine the
relationships associated with the natural stable channel, including bank erodibility, stress
in the near-bank-region, and estimates of lateral erosion rates. Use form summary (Table
3), and summary of rating procedures in Appendix III. A Level III analysis was not done.
Step 14. Repeat Step 11 through Step 13 for the impacted study reach to determine
existing morphology and condition, using Table 2 to document morphological relations
for existing and proposed conditions.
Step 15. Once the stable reference reach stream type is selected, obtain the drainage area
for the area immediately upstream of the impacted reach.
Step 16. Obtain the bankfull discharge from the drainage area/discharge relationships
from the regional curves as verified in Step 3.
0
0
0
Step 17. Obtain the cross-sectional area associated with the bankfull discharge. This can
be obtained from regional curves, hydraulic geometry by stream type from gage stations,
(Step 4), or from obtaining bankfull velocity (Step 4, 6, or other methods) and
calculating
Abkf = Qbkf/Ubkf
Step 18. Calculate proposed bankfull width
Wbkf = ((Abkf) x (W/D))1/2
or from hydraulic geometry for same stream type and same relative size (Step 4).
Step 19. Calculate proposed bankfull mean depth, Dbkf = W/D, or Abkf/Wbkf-
Step 20. Calculate mean bankfull velocity, Ubkf = Qbkf/Abkf-
Step 21. Calculate bankfull max depth (obtained at the riffle). Obtain from refernce
reach by obtaining the ratio of
Dm./Dbkf/]E)max = (Dm./Dbkf) x Dbkf
Step 22. Calculate flood prone area width (from cross-section of stream and valley),
Wfp, _ @ an elevation 2 x Dma,
Step 23. Computation of flood stage levels are often used with HEC 2 or HEC-RAS
procedures when more detail is required due to FEMA requirements. This procedure
only provides an approximate flood stage level and does not intend to substitute for the
FEMA procedures. At gage stations, however, it is necessary to plot various return
period floods and their corresponding depths on the flood prone area on the relationship
in Figure 8. A HEC-RAS analysis was completed and is included in Appendix D and in
Section 8.2.
Step 24. Calculate meander wavelength (Lm = Lm ratio x Wbkf). Lm ratio is obtained
from the reference reach data, as L. ratio = l m/Wbkf-
Step 25. Calculate radius of curvature (Rc = R, ratio x Wbkf). R? ratio is obtained from
the reference reach information.
Step 26. Calculate Belt width. Obtain stable meander width ratio, (MWR), from
reference reach or from Figure 9, MR = MWR X Wbkf)• If the river is confined, use
actual belt width and backcalculate meander width ration (MWR = Wblt/Wbkf)• Make
sure MWR is within acceptable lower limits for that stream type.
Step 27. Calculate sinuosity. Layout proposed pattern on aerial photograph or map.
Obtain stream length. Sinuosity = stream length / valley distance. (Be certain that valley
distance is obtained along the fall line of the valley).
Step 28. Calculate average slope (Saw = valley slope / sinuosity).
I
0
u
a Step 29. Calculate riffle slope (Siff = Siff ratio x Sa,.,)( Siff ratio from reference reach).
Ell Step 30. Calculate the bankfull shear stress of proposed channel at the riffle (repeat Step
8). If the corresponding size as obtained from Figure 9 is larger than the largest size on
the bar, repeat Step 18 to calculate a new bankfull width using a lower width/depth ratio.
This will result in a larger hydraulic radius (mean depth) and may result in a shear stress
that will potentially move the sizes of sediment made available to the channel. A sub-
pavement sample may also be obtained to go along with the bar sample that indicates the
size distribution and largest size of bedload that moves at bankfull discharge. If the
reduction in width/depth ratio and the corresponding increase in shear stress does not
meet the entrainment size of the largest particle in the bar, then the next priority is to
decrease sinuosity and meander width ratio, increase meander length and radius of
curvature. This will result in an increase in slope, hopefully balancing the sediment
transport competency of the river. (Note: This does require a validation).
Step 31. Calculate Pool slope (Spool = Spool ratio x Sage)( Spool ratio from reference reach).
Step 32. Calculate Max pool depth (dpool = dpool ratio x dbkf)(dpool ratio from reference
reach).
Step 33. Calculate Wpool (Wpool = Wpaol ratio x Wbkf)(Wpool ratio from reference reach).
Step 34. Calculate sequence of pool/pool spacing for step/pool stream types (from
4 reference reach based on relationship of bankfull width and inverse proportion to average
water surface slope). Obtain from reference reach.
Step 35. Layout proposed plan view over existing channel with the appropriate bankfull
width, pool width, meander wavelength, radius, and belt width. Adjust dimensions to
take into account existing vegetation, landform changes, avoidance of high banks such as
conditions where a stream would extend laterally against a terrace or alluvial fan. Adjust
alignment to match natural variability - avoid a totally symmetrical layout for
visual/natural appearance objectives.
Step 36. Plot longitudinal profiles for both existing and proposed condition. Overlay the
19 profiles for comparison purposes. Use stationing from longitudinal profile to identify
(name) cross-section locations and for implementation for implementation layout. On the
profile show proposed depths and slopes of bed features (riffles, steps, and pools) and as
previously computed. Locate position of pools from plan view layout (i.e. for C stream
types, pools are located on the outside of meander bends).
Step 37. Plot cross sections for existing and proposed condition using an overlay. Plot
typical cross sections for riffles, pools, steps, glides or other features. Calculate
earthwork (cut/fill) volumes from the cross-sections and use stream length appropriate for
the persistence of a particular cross-section. Make sure dimensions are properly scaled,
and that point bar slopes, entrenchment ratio, and side slope gradients are shown. Some
I
I
0
0
earthwork calculations are contained in Section 13, Construction, final earthwork
calcualtions will be done in final design.
Step 38. Select specific stabilization structures such as grade control structures,
streambank revetment, riparian vegetation, and other design features. Locate these
features on the plan, profile and section views. This step will be performed in final
design.
Step 39. Develop detailed design drawings for the specific stabilizing features such as
cross-vane for grade control and bank stabilization. These drawings, used for inserts into
the design package, need to show all dimensions, and installation details. Each
stabilization feature needs to have a plan, profile and section view. This step tivill be
perfonned in final design.
Step 40. Each design should have a monitoring plan layout (See Section 10) which will
insure that the design implementation will be evaluated to:
a. Insure stabilization structures are functioning properly
b. Monitor channel response in dimension, pattern and profile, channel stability
(aggradation/degradation), particle size distribution of channel materials,
sediment transport and streambank erosion rates.
c. Determine biological response (food chains, standing crop, species diversity,
etc.)
d. Determine if all of the specific objectives as part of the restoration have been
met.
a
6
s
s
i
t
t
APPENDIX E
FLOODING ANALYSIS (HEC-RAS)
TR-55
Change in Flood Stages
Existing:
Water Surface Profiles
Profile tables
Cross Sections
Proposed:
Water Surface Profiles
Profile tables
Cross Sections

0
USGS TR-55
Fiall?
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GRAPHICAL PEAK DISCHARGE METHOD
k
oject : Abbott Steam Restoration
County : Wake State: NC
btitle:
Data: Drainage Area 385 * Acres
Runoff C urve Number 75
Time of Concentration: 0.54 * Hours
Rainfall Type I

93 Pond and Swamp Area NONE
Storm Number
---------------------
Frequency (yrs)
24-Hr Rainfall (in)
Ia/P Ratio
Used
Runoff (in)
Unit Peak Discharge
(cfs/acre/in)
1
2
3.6
0.19
0.19
1.37
0.371
5
4.65
0.14
0.14
2.17
0.397
3
10
5.38
0.12
0.12
2.76
0.410
User: Buck
Checked:
4
25
6.41
0.10
0.10
3.63
0.423
50
7.21
0.09
0.10
4.33
0.425
Version 2.00
Date: 01-06-99
Date:
6
100
8.00
0.08
0.10
5.04 1
0.425
Pond and Swamp Factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0. Ponds Used
Peak Discharge (cfs) 196 332 436 591 710 825
--------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
L
- Value(s) provided from TR-55 system routines
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TIME OF CONCENTRATION AND TRAVEL TIME Version 2.00
groject : Abbott Steam Restoration User: Buck Date: 01-06-99
u nty : Wake State: NC Checked: Date:
btitle:
ff
-------------------
ow Type 2 year ---------
Length -----------------
Slope Surface ------------
n Area ----------------
Wp Velocity ------
Time
rain (ft) (ft/ft) code (sq/ft) (ft) (ft/sec)
------- (hr)
-----
------------------
eet 3.6 ---------
200 -----------------
.05 e ------------ --------- -
0.186
allow Concent'd 900 .03 u 0.089
oen Channel 5800 .014 .03524 18.1 0.265
Time of Concentration = 0.54*

Sheet Flow Surface Codes
A Smooth Surface F Grass, Dense
B Fallow (No Res.) G Grass, Burmuda
C Cultivated < 20 o Res. H Woods, Light
D Cultivated > 20 o Res. I Woods, Dense
E Grass-Range, Short J Range, Natural
- Generated for use by GRAPHIC method
u
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--- Shallow Concentrated
--- Surface Codes
P Paved
U Unpaved
Q
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER COMPUTATION Version 2.00
fill
`roject : Abbott Steam Restoration User: Buck Date: 01-06-99
County : Wake State: NC Checked: Date:
Fbtitle:
barea : 385
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrologic Soil Group
COVER DESCRIPTION A B C D
Acres (CN)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LY DEVELOPED URBAN AREAS (Veg Estab.)
_sidential districts Avg o imperv
(by average lot size)
1/4 acre 38 - 385(75) - -
tal Area (by Hydrologic Soil Group) 385
SUBAREA: 385 TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA: 385 Acres WEIGHTED CURVE NUMBER: 75*
* - Generated for use by GRAPHIC method

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Change in Flood Stages
a
Change in Flood Stage
Abbott Property Stream Restoration
Proposed Existing
Reach River Sta W.S. Elev Reach River Sta W.S. Elev
(ft) (ft)
Un-named 10 373.34 Un-named 10 372.99
Un-named 10 373.65 Un-named 10 373.65
Un-named 10 374.07 Un-named 10 374.07
Un-named 10 374.6 Un-named 10 374.6
Un-named 10 374.94 Un-named 10 374.94
Un-named 10 375.25 Un-named 10 375.25
Un-named 9 373.6 Un-named 9 372.93
Un-named 9 373.91 Un-named 9 373.42
Un-named 9 374.1 Un-named 9 373.63
Un-named 9 374.35 Un-named 9 373.9
Un-named 9 374.51 Un-named 9 374.08
Un-named 9 374.66 Un-named 9 374.24
Un-named 8 373.31 Un-named 8 372.2
Un-named 8 373.54 Un-named 8 372.84
Un-named 8 373.67 Un-named 8 373.11
Un-named 8 373.83 Un-named 8 373.33
Un-named 8 373.95 Un-named 8 373.46
Un-named 8 374.04 Un-named 8 373.56
Un-named 7 370.91 Un-named 7 371.4
Un-named 7 371.45 Un-named 7 371.6
Un-named 7 371.4 Un-named 7 371.7
Un-named 7 371.61 Un-named 7 371.85
Un-named 7 371.74 Un-named 7 371.93
Un-named 7 371.86 Un-named 7 371.99
Un-named 6 370.32 Un-named 6 367.77
Un-named 6 370.47 Un-named 6 368.75
Un-named 6 370.56 Un-named 6 370.18
Un-named 6 370.68 Un-named 6 370.36
Un-named 6 370.75 Un-named 6 370.47
Un-named 6 370.82 Un-named 6 370.57
Un-named 5 368.47 Un-named 5 366.55
Un-named 5 368.68 Un-named 5 367.7
Un-named 5 368.81 Un-named 5 368.54
Un-named 5 368.98 Un-named 5 369.35
Un-named 5 369.1 Un-named 5 369.18
Un-named 5 369.21 Un-named 5 369.32
Un-named 4 368.35 Un-named 4 365.44
Un-named 4 368.52 Un-named 4 366.45
Un-named 4 368.63 Un-named 4 367.17
Un-named 4 368.78 Un-named 4 368.06
Un-named 4 368.87 Un-named 4 368.64
Un-named 4 368.96 Un-named 4 368.77
Difference Storm
0.35 2-yr
0 5-yr
0 10-yr
0 25-yr
0 50-yr
0 100-yr
0.67 2-yr
0.49 5-yr
0.47 10-yr
0.45 25-yr
0.43 50-yr
0.42 100-yr
1.11 2-yr
0.7 5-yr
0.56 10-yr
0.5 25-yr
0.49 50-yr
0.48 100-yr
-0.49 2-yr
-0.15 5-yr
-0.3 10-yr
-0.24 25-yr
-0.19 50-yr
-0.13 100-yr
2.55 2-yr
1.72 5-yr
0.38 10-yr
0.32 25-yr
0.28 50-yr
0.25 100-yr
1.92 2-yr
0.98 5-yr
0.27 10-yr
-0.37 25-yr
-0.08 50-yr
-0.11 100-yr
2.91 2-yr
2.07 5-yr
1.46 10-yr
0.72 25-yr
0.23 50-yr
0.19 100-yr
C
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HEC-RAS Existing Stream Channel
Water Surface Profile
Profile Table
Cross Sections
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201 E. NORRIS TOLSON
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
April 29, 1999
Memorandum to: Mr. Ron Ferrell, Wetland Restoration Program
From: William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Subject: Payment to the Wetland Restoration Program for TIP No. R-2541.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to
construct the NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs from SR 1114 (Ralph Stevens Loop Road)
to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road). The project crosses two river basins, the Neuse River Basin
and the Cape Fear River Basin.
Construction of this project will result in the avoidable wetland impacts to 3.50
acre. There is 2.25 acres of impacts in the Neuse River Basin (Hydrologic Unit) and 1.25
acres of impacts in the Cape Fear River Basin (Hydrologic Unit 03030002).
Impacts associated with the Neuse River Basin occur to three wetland community
types. These are 1.25 acre to headwater forest (PF01B), 0.97 acre of bottomland
hardwood forest (PF01C) and 0.03 acre of disturbed emergent (PEMIB).
Impacts associated with the Cape Fear River Basin are to two wetland community
types. There are 0.70 acre of headwater forest (PFO1B) and 0.30 acre of disturbed
emergent (PEM1B).
The primary purpose of this mitigation is to comply with 1:1 mitigation of
restoration in according to the rules of the N. C. Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ).
In accordance with the provisions of the "Memorandum of Understanding
between the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Wetlands Restoration Program and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington
District" dated November 4, 1998, the NCDOT officially requests that it be allowed to
purchase restoration credits from the WRP for 3.50 acres. This credit purchase would
enable the NCDOT to satisfy compensatory mitigation requirement for the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the NCDWQ.
The NCDOT asks that the N. C. Wetland Restoration Program accept this
mitigation work and provide a letter to the NCDWQ (Mr. John Dorney) of this
acceptance and a courtesy copy to the USACE (Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, Raleigh Regulatory
Field Office) concerning its acceptance of this payment. The NCDOT requests that this
letter be provided to these agencies by May 7. 1999.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Mr.
Phillip Todd at [phone], Extension 314.
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, USACE, Raleigh
Mr. John Dorney, DWQ, Raleigh
d? SLNt ??

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES E. HUNT JR. P.O. 13OX 25201. RALEIGI I. N.C. 27611-5201 E. NORRIS TOLSON
GoVI,'RNOR SECItI-TARY'
May 4, 1999
Memorandum to: A1r. I-ric Alsmeyer, USACI:. NCl)OT Coordinator
\Villiam D. Gilmore. 1'. F.. Mail iucr V c-
Proicct DCv'elonment and l:nv ironniental ,\ il Idysis lir:r.r. '
yy
V?
Subject: Payment to the Wetland Rcstoration Program for TIP No. R-' 1
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to
construct the NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs from SR 11 14 (Ralph Stevens Loop Road)
to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road). The project crosses two river basins, the Neuse River Basin
and the Cape Fear River Basin.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has agreed to allow the NCDOT to
provide compensatory mitigation in the Neuse River Basin since most of the impacts
occur there. The NCDOT has developed mitigation planning documents for two
properties in the Neuse River Basin, the Speight Branch Tract and Abbott Tract in Wake
County. The Speight Branch site offers wetlands enhancement credits, as well as stream
mitigation. The Abbott Tract provides stream mitigation only.
The NCDOT proposes to utilize all of the wetland enhancement mitigation credits
at the Speight Branch Tract, all of the stream mitigation credits at the Speight Branch
Tract, and a portion of the mitigation credits at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT has
sufficient stream mitigation, but lacks some wetland mitigation credits to compensate for
the unavoidable impacts to wetlands. Therefore, the NCDOT proposes to pay into the
N.C. Wetland Restoration Program (NCWRP) for any wetland mitigation credits that it
may lack.
The NCDOT does not have a wetland restoration/creation component in its
mitigation proposal. The restoration/creation component is required according to the
rules of the N. C. Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). Therefore, the NCDOT will
proposes to contribute a payment to the NCWRP for the 1:1 wetland restoration credit
that is needed.
Project Impacts
Construction of this project will result in the unavoidable wetland impacts to 3.54
acres. The breakdown of these impacts is 3.08 of wetlands (filled), 0.13 acre of wetlands
(excavated), 0.27 acre of wetlands (drained), 0.06 acre of wetlands (mechanized
clearing), 0.63 acre of surface waters and 3396 feet of surface waters, of which 965 feet
will be relocated. There are 2.29 acres of impacts in the Neuse River Basin (Hydrologic
Unit 03020201) and 1.25 acres of impacts in the Cape Fear River Basin (Hydrologic Unit
03030002).
Impacts associated with the Neulse River Basin occur to three wetland commuulity
types. These include 1.25 acres of headwater forest (PFO113), 1.03 acres of bottomland
hardwood forest (PFO1 C) and 0.03 acre of disturbed emergent wetlands (PENI 113).
Impacts associated with the Cape Fear River Basin are to two v-vetland community
types. There are 0.70 acre ofheadwater forest (PFOI I3) and U.30 acre oI'distuncCd
cmcr-ent WENT I M.
I
In accordance with the prop isions of the "N/lemorandum of UnLlcrstaIldiIII
between the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Wetlands Restoration Program and the U. S. Army Corps ofEnoineers, Wilmington)
District" dated November 4, 1998, the NCDOT officially requests that it be allowed to
purchase restoration credits from the NCWRP for 3.54 acres. This credit purchase would
enable the NCDOT to satisfy compensatory mitigation requirement for the NCDWQ and
any credits that it may lack with the USACE.
The NCDOT requests that the NCWRP provide an acceptance letter to the
USACE (Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, Raleigh Regulatory Field Office) and the NCDWQ (Mr.
John Dorney) stating that the NCWRP will provide mitigation for these impacts. The
NCDOT requests that this letter be provided to these agencies by May 19 1999.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Mr.
Phillip Todd at [phone], Extension 314.
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Dorney, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Ron Ferrell, NCWRP, Raleigh

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
PO. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO
March 28, 2000
Regulatory Division
SUBJECT: Action ID 199502585, TIP No. R-2541
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Gilmore:

Reference the Department of the Army permit issued on August 9, 1999, for the discharge of
fill material in waters of the United States, including wetlands, to facilitate construction the NC
55 Holly Springs Bypass (T.I.P. No. R-2541), crossing Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed
tributaries, and adjacent wetlands, from SR 1114 (Ralph Stevens Road), to SR 1448 (Bobbit
Road), generally west of Holly Springs, in Wake County, North Carolina. Reference also your
written request of October 6, 1999, for permit modification to changes to construction design and
wetland impacts at sites 20, 21 and 22, resulting from final design changes that were not reflected
in the final permit drawings. The proposed modifications reduce the total wetland impacts by
0.01 acre to 3.53 acres.
Based on our review of your proposed modification, the impacts associated with the proposed
modification are minimal, and no further public coordination is required. Therefore, the permit is
hereby modified to include the work as shown on the enclosed revised drawings (Sheets 3, 21, 22
and 23 of 23). It is understood that all appropriate conditions of the original permit remain
applicable, including the expiration date.
Sincerely,

James W. DeLony
Colonel, U.S. Army
District Engineer
. `
Enclosure
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Dorney
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of
Environment and
Natural Resources
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
Mr. Roy Shelton
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Ave., Rm 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-1442
MAR? 9 20

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
NCDENR .
RECEIPT OF PA YMENT
December 2, 1999
JAMES B. HUNTJR. i
GOVERNOR
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer i'
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
WAYNE MCDEVITT 6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
SECRETARY Raleigh, NC 27615
Dear Mr. Alsmeyer:
KERR T. STEVENS
DIRECTOR
Subject: TIP No. R-2541
Action ID #199502585
DWQ # 980330
Wake County
The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) received check
number 519317 which includes $ 90,000.00 as payment for the compensatory
mitigation requirements of the subject U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Section
404 permit (Action ID #199502585) and 401 Water Quality Certification (DWQ #
980330) issued to the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
The NCWRP, by acceptance of this payment, acknowledges that the
NCWRP is responsible for the compensatory mitigation requirements associated
with Action ID #199502585, and agrees to provide the compensatory mitigation
as specified in Special Conditions (b) and (r) of this permit. As specified in
Special Conditions (b) and (r) the NCWRP will restore 2.29 acres of wetland
restoration in Cataloging Unit 03020201 of the Neuse River Basin and 1.25 acres
of wetland restoration in Cataloging Unit 03030002 of the Cape Fear River Basin.
If you have any questions concerning this matter, please contact Crystal
Braswell at [phone].
Sincerely,
Ronald E. Ferrell
NCWRP, Program Manager
cc: Dr. Charles Bruton
John Hennessey
File P.O. Box 29535, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27626-0535
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED/10% POST-CONSUMER PAPER

Rummel,
I Tepper
&. Kahl,
William K. Hellmann
David W Wallace
Stephen W. Kagay
Robert J Holbert
Stephen G. Zentz
Charles M. Easter, Jr:
John G. Mbrtiens
Joseph A. Romauunvski, Jr.
Michael L. Krupsarv
James A. Zito
Geoftiry V Kolberg
Lars E. Hill
/. litminy Peacock, 1r.
Michael W. Myers
Martin C. Rodgers
Kenneth A. Goon
Gregorv 1. Lebo
Joseph T. Kavanagh
Richard /. Adams, Jr
John A. d'Epagnier
Barbara 1. Hoage
Christopher F. Wright
Owen L. Peery
Nancy R. Bergeron
Stuart A. Montgomery
David G. vanscoy
1. Michael Potter
Henry 1. Bank-aril, /r.
Peter C. D'Adarmr
James F Ridenour, Jr.
5SOO Lvingelom /lace,
tiuite 10
Raleigh, Noth Conlina
,)-,009-'?9(,0
Plc e)l a r-.S 7N- 9500
/,w 919.790-.S'1S_,
nvviv.rkkcnginecrv.c.nn

August 14, 2001
Mr. Michael Wood. LSS
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Reference: Professional Services Agreement to Provide Environmental
Assistance - Benson Grove Church Wetland Mitigation Site
Johnston County, North Carolina
Consulting Project No. 98-RK-01/98-RK-07
State Project No. 8.1402601 (R-2541)
Contract No. A303134
Dear Mr. Wood:
Please find attached, four (4) copies of the Benson Grove Church
Wetland Mitigation Plan. These copies are provided for distribution to Mr. Eric
Alsmeyer, USACE; Mr. John Hennessy, NCDENR; Mr. Tom McCartney,
USFWS; and Mr. David Cox; NCWRC.
This plan has been revised per comments received from and various
meeting with, personnel from NCDOT and the resource agencies over the
past six months. We are plan to present this project at an Agency Meeting
scheduled for Monday, August 20, 2001 at 1:30 PM.
Please let me know if you have any questions or comments, otherwise
I will see you on Monday.
Sincerely,
Rummel, Klepper &QQKahl, LLP
Kimberly S. Leight
Project Manager
Attachments
cc: JTP
KSL
KTN
NGP
\\RKK30\SYS\PUBLIC ACCESS\WORD\DOCUMENT\39831\ASIGN-01\CORR\Wood-004.doc
Baltimore, MD Raleigh, NC Virginia Beach, VA Richmond, VA
York, PA Norristown, PA Bangor, ME Keyser, WV Washington, DC

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
Mr. Bill Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning & Environmental Branch
N.C. Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699-1548
Dear Mr. Gilmore
A 0.9?AA
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NC ENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
March 28, 2001
Re: Certification Pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act,
Modification to the construction of the NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs from 1114 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.1402601,
WQC Project No. 010406(DWQ original application 980330).
Wake County
Attached hereto is a modification to Certification No. 3236 issued to the North Carolina Department of
Transportation on July 14, 1999. The attached modification authorizes the proposed extension of the
pipe at Site 18 (Station No. 85+00) for an additional 131 linear feet. No additional mitigation for 131
linear feet of pipe extension will be required. In addition, this certification authorizes 265 linear feet
of stream mitigation (that was originally to be provided through on-site mitigation) to be debited from
the Abbott Mitigation Site located in Wake County. It should be noted the modification is applicable
only to the additional proposed activities. All the authorized activities and conditions of certification
associated with the original Water Quality Certification dated July 14, 1999, and all other
corresponding modifications, still apply except where superceded by this certification.
If we can be of further assistance, do not hesitate to contact us.
Attachments:
Modification to WQC No. 3236
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Raleigh Field Office
DWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Central Files
File Copy
Sincerely,
tevens
i Uv
Division of Water Quality - 401 Wetlands Unit
1621 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1621 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer - 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper
7. All other conditions written into previous Water Quality Certifications for this project still apply.
Violations of any condition herein set forth shall result in revocation of this Certification and may result in
criminal and/or civil penalties. This Certification shall become null and void unless the above conditions
are made conditions of the Federal 404 and/or coastal Area Management Act Permit. This Certification
shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or CAMA permit.
If this Certification is unacceptable to you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request
within sixty (60) days following receipt of this Certification. This request must be in the form of a written
petition conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes and filed with the Office of
Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. If modifications are made to an
original Certification, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing on the modifications upon written
request within sixty (60) days following receipt of the Certification. Unless such demands are made, this
Certification shall be final and binding.
This the 28" day of March 2001
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
Stevens
Modification to WQC No. 3236
c:\ncdot\R-2541\wqc\R-2541 modification 2.doc
NORTH CAROLINA 401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION
THIS CERTIFICATION is issued in conformity with the requirements of Section 401 Public Laws 92-
500 and 95-217 of the United States and subject to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ)
Regulations in 15 NCAC 2H, Section .0500. The attached modification authorizes the proposed extension of
the pipe at Site 18 (Station No. 85+00) for an additional 131 linear feet. No additional mitigation for 131
linear feet of pipe extension will be required. In addition, this certification authorizes 265 linear feet of
stream mitigation (that was originally to be provided through on-site mitigation) to be debited from the
Abbott Mitigation Site located in Wake County. It should be noted the modification is applicable only to
the additional proposed activities. All the authorized activities and conditions of certification associated
with the original Water Quality Certification dated July 14, 1999, and all other corresponding modifications,
still apply except where superceded by this certification.
The application provides adequate assurance that the discharge of fill material into the proposed wetlands in
conjunction with the proposed development will not result in a violation of applicable Water Quality
Standards and discharge guidelines. Therefore, the State of North Carolina certifies that this activity will
not violate the applicable portions of Sections 301, 302, 303, 306, 307 of PL 92-500 and PL 95-217 if
conducted in accordance with the application and conditions hereinafter set forth.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you submitted in your application, as described in
the Public Notice. Should your project change, you are required to notify the DWQ and submit a new
application. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and approval
letter, and is thereby responsible for complying with all the conditions. If total wetland fills for this project
(now or in the future exceed one acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC
2H .0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this approval to remain valid, you are required to comply with all the
conditions listed below. In addition, you should obtain all other federal, state or local permits before
proceeding with your project including (but not limited to) Sediment and Erosion control, Coastal
Stormwater, Non-discharge and Water Supply watershed regulations.
Condition(s) of Certification:
Appropriate sediment and erosion control practices which equal or exceed those outlined in the
most recent version of two manuals. Either the "North Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control
Planning and Design Manual" or the "North Carolina Surface Mining Manual" (available from the
Division of Land Resources in the DEHNR Regional or Central Offices). The control practices
shall be utilized to prevent exceedances of the appropriate turbidity water quality standard (50
NTUs in all fresh water streams and rivers not designated as trout waters; 25 NTUs in all lakes
and reservoirs, and all saltwater classes; and 10 NTUs in trout waters);
2. All sediment and erosion control measures placed in wetlands or waters shall be removed and
the natural grade restored after the Division of Land Resources has released the project;
3. Measures shall be taken to prevent live or fresh concrete from coming into contact with
waters of the state until the concrete has hardened;
4. There shall be no excavation from or waste disposal into jurisdictional wetlands or waters
associated with this permit without appropriate modification of this permit. Should waste or
borrow sites be located in wetlands or stream, compensatory mitigation will be required since it is
a direct impact from road construction activities; '
5. Compensatory mitigation for 265 linear feet of impacts originally authorized in the July 14, 1999
401 Water Quality Certification, and mitigated for through onsite activities, shall now be provided
by debiting 265 linear feet from the Abbott Stream Mitigation Site located in Wake County.
6. DOT shall provide a full accounting of the existing debits and credits from the Abbott Mitigation
Site no later than 60 days from issuance of this modification.
14
f
February 16, 2001
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ?l
Regulatory Field Office
Attention: Mr. Eric Als?neyer
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
Subject: Wake County, NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs, from SR 1114 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project
No. STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.140260 1, TIP No. R-2541; USACE
ID 199502585; NCDWQ No. 98-0330.
STA
010406
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASI,I;Y LYNDO TIPPETT
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Department of the Army
Individual Permit (IP) on July 16, 1999 to the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) for construction of the Holly Springs Bypass (TIP No. R-2541). This permit
authorized the discharge of dredged and till material into waters of the United States, crossing
Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed tributaries and adjacent wetlands. The purpose of this
letter is to modify the IP for this project as well as the 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC)
In the permit, the USACE authorized the construction of "on-site" stream mitigation at
Site 18, Station No. 85+00. In our permit application, NCDOT had proposed to restore this
stream section by removing the existing pipe at this location and placing the stream in an open
channel with meanders, thereby providing on-site stream mitigation totaling 265 feet. Most of
the area that NCDOT identified as being "on-site" mitigation has been placed in a pipe and filled
by the previous landowner.
The NCDOT believes that it is not feasible to construct the on-site mitigation as it had
proposed in its permit application and was authorized to construct in the IP for the project.
There are reasons for this change of perspective about implementing the on-site mitigation.
After NCDOT had conducted its surveys for the project and prior to right of way
acquisition of the parcel, the previous landowner extended and filled a major portion of the area
that NCDOT had intended to use as on-site mitigation. The NCDOT noted this change in the
landscape at an on-site meeting with you in December 2000. The NCDOT could remove the
material and construct the mitigation as it had planned, but NCDOT believes that it would be a
failure. The slope change through the area was high and therefore concern existed about whether
the concept of implementing on-site mitigation would be successful. With the altered landscape,
NCDOT believes that there is a greater concern for failure of the stream project. There is a
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWWDOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US
rTl
n -<
r-T 1 -r
rn
r-T-=i-? 7
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
greater concern because the area for the relocation would now not be on existing earth, but
would be constructed on noncompacted fill material. The instability of the till material creates a
greater chance of failure for the mitigation, leading to a greater amount of maintenance and cost.
At an in-house meeting in December 2000 (after the field meeting), you requested an
estimate of costs associated with the project if NCDOT were to implement on-site mitigation.
This includes the acquisition of additional right of way that would be needed to construct the
stream relocation. The additional costs would total $29,443.000. A general break down includes
$16,743 for borrow excavation and general excavation as well as $12,700 for additional right of
way.
With this information in mind, NCDOT proposes not to implement the on-site mitigation
as it had originally planned. The NCDOT proposes to replace a portion of the existing pipe that
the previous landowner had installed and to extend the pipe to the stream relocation associated
with Technology Drive relocation. This extension will result in the loss of an additional 131
feet. The NCDOT does not propose any mitigation for this impact.
The NCDOT does propose to provide mitigation for its inability to perform the on-site
mitigation by providing compensatory mitigation at the Abbott Tract. Site construction has
completed at the site, and plantings are set to occur this spring. The debit from this site would be
265 feet.
In summary, NCDOT requests that the 404/401 permits be modified to reflect that we
will not utilize the on-site mitigation at Station No. 85+00-L-. In place of this mitigation,
NCDOT proposes to utilize mitigation (265 feet) available at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT
also requests to pipe an additional 131 feet of stream.
If you have any questions or need any additional information concerning this project,
please contact Mr. Phillip Todd of my staff at [phone], extension 314.
Sincerely,

bad- Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
V Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Wayne Currie, P. E., Division 5
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICIIAEL F. EASLIY
C IOVI:RNOR
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Attention: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
LYNDO TIPPETT
SEC'RE'TARY
01 0406
Subject: Wake County, NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs, from SR 1 114 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project
No. STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.140260 1, TIP No. R-2541; USACE
ID 199502585; NCDWQ No. 98-0330.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Department of the Army
Individual Permit (IP) on July 16, 1999 to the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) for construction of the Holly Springs Bypass (TIP No. R-2541). This permit
authorized the discharge of dredged and fill material into waters of the United States, crossing
Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed tributaries and adjacent wetlands. The purpose of this
letter is to modify the IP for this project as well as the 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC).
In the permit, the USACE authorized the construction of "on-site" stream mitigation at
Site 18, Station No. 85+00. In our permit application, NCDOT had proposed to restore this
stream section by removing the existing pipe at this location and placing the stream in an open
channel with meanders, thereby providing on-site stream mitigation totaling 265 feet. Most of
the area that NCDOT identified as being "on-site" mitigation has been placed in a pipe and filled
by the previous landowner.
The NCDOT believes that it is not feasible to construct the on-site mitigation as it had
proposed in its permit application and was authorized to construct in the IP for the project.
There are reasons for this change of perspective about implementing the on-site mitigation.
After NCDOT had conducted its surveys for the project and prior to right of way
acquisition of the parcel, the previous landowner extended and filled a major portion of the area
that NCDOT had intended to use as on-site mitigation. The NCDOT noted this change in the
landscape at an on-site meeting with you in December 2000. The NCDOT could remove the
material and construct the mitigation as it had planned, but NCDOT believes that it would be a
failure. The slope change through the area was high and therefore concern existed about whether
the concept of implementing on-site mitigation would be successful. With the altered landscape,
NCDOT believes that there is a greater concern for failure of the stream project. There is a
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
February 16, 2001
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX. [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW. DOH. DOT. STATE. NC. US
7.) 17
L 1
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
greater concern because the area for the relocation would now not be on existing earth, but
would be constructed on noncompacted fill material. The instability of the fill material creates a
greater chance of failure for the mitigation, leading to a greater amount of maintenance and cost.
At an in-house meeting in December 2000 (after the field meeting), you requested an
estimate of costs associated with the project if NCDOT were to implement on-site mitigation.
This includes the acquisition of additional right of way that would be needed to construct the
stream relocation. The additional costs would total $29,443.000. A general break down includes
$16,743 for borrow excavation and general excavation as well as $12,700 for additional right of
way,
With this information in mind, NCDOT proposes not to implement the on-site mitigation
as it had originally planned. The NCDOT proposes to replace a portion of the existing pipe that
the previous landowner had installed and to extend the pipe to the stream relocation associated
with Technology Drive relocation. This extension will result in the loss of an additional 131
feet. The NCDOT does not propose any mitigation for this impact.
The NCDOT does propose to provide mitigation for its inability to perform the on-site
mitigation by providing compensatory mitigation at the Abbott Tract. Site construction has
completed at the site, and plantings are set to occur this spring. The debit from this site would be
265 feet.
In summary, NCDOT requests that the 404/401 permits be modified to reflect that we
will not utilize the on-site mitigation at Station No. 85+00-L-. In place of this mitigation,
NCDOT proposes to utilize mitigation (265 feet) available at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT
also requests to pipe an additional 131 feet of stream.
If you have any questions or need any additional information concerning this project,
please contact Mr. Phillip Todd of my staff at [phone], extension 314.
Sincerely,

601-- Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Wayne Currie, P. E., Division 5
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO

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0405
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GovF.RNOR
February 16, 2001
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Attention: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
Subject: Wake County, NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs, from SR 11 14 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project
No. STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.140260 1, TIP No. R-2541; USACE
ID 199502585; NCDWQ No. 98-0330.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Department of the Army -
T"')
Individual Permit (IP) on July 16, 1999 to the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) for construction of the Holly Springs Bypass ("TIP No. R-2541). This permit i r
authorized the discharge of dredged and fill material into waters of the United States, crossing n
r r?i
Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed tributaries and adjacent wetlands. The purpose of this
letter is to modify the IP for this project as well as the 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC).
In the permit, the USACE authorized the construction of "on-site" stream mitigation at
Site 18, Station No. 85+00. In our permit application, NCDOT had proposed to restore this
stream section by removing the existing pipe at this location and placing the stream in an open
channel with meanders, thereby providing on-site stream mitigation totaling 265 feet. Most of
the area that NCDOT identified as being "on-site" mitigation has been placed in a pipe and filled
by the previous landowner.
The NCDOT believes that it is not feasible to construct the on-site mitigation as it had
proposed in its permit application and was authorized to construct in the IP for the project.
There are reasons for this change of perspective about implementing the on-site mitigation.
After NCDOT had conducted its surveys for the project and prior to right of way
acquisition of the parcel, the previous landowner extended and filled a major portion of the area
that NCDOT had intended to use as on-site mitigation. The NCDOT noted this change in the
landscape at an on-site meeting with you in December 2000. The NCDOT could remove the
material and construct the mitigation as it had planned, but NCDOT believes that it would be a
failure. The slope change through the area was high and therefore concern existed about whether
the concept of implementing on-site mitigation would be successful. With the altered landscape,
NCDOT believes that there is a greater concern for failure of the stream project. There is a
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW. DOH. DOT. STATE. NC. US RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
greater concern because the area for the relocation would now not be on existing earth, but
would be constructed on noncompacted fill material. The instability of the fill material creates a
greater chance of failure for the mitigation, leading to a greater amount of maintenance and cost.
At an in-house meeting in December 2000 (after the field meeting), you requested an
estimate of costs associated with the project if NCDOT were to implement on-site mitigation.
This includes the acquisition of additional right of way that would be needed to construct the
stream relocation. The additional costs would total $29,443.000. A general break down includes
$16,743 for borrow excavation and general excavation as well as $12,700 for additional right of
way.
With this information in mind, NCDOT proposes not to implement the on-site mitigation
as it had originally planned. The NCDOT proposes to replace a portion of the existing pipe that
the previous landowner had installed and to extend the pipe to the stream relocation associated
with Technology Drive relocation. This extension will result in the loss of an additional 131
feet. The NCDOT does not propose any mitigation for this impact.
The NCDOT does propose to provide mitigation for its inability to perform the on-site
mitigation by providing compensatory mitigation at the Abbott Tract. Site construction has
completed at the site, and plantings are set to occur this spring. The debit from this site would be
265 feet.
In summary, NCDOT requests that the 404/401 permits be modified to reflect that we
will not utilize the on-site mitigation at Station No. 85+00-L-. In place of this mitigation,
NCDOT proposes to utilize mitigation (265 feet) available at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT
also requests to pipe an additional 131 feet of stream.
If you have any questions or need any additional information concerning this project,
please contact Mr. Phillip Todd of my staff at [phone], extension 314.
Sincerely,
'/. ? /I il
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Wayne Currie, P. E., Division 5
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO

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4 GRAS IN SERIES IN THE STREAM
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r-IGHT IS AT LEAST 4SCM IS.SFT)
VOID FLOODING OF UPSTREAM
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DROP AND WIDTH OF THE LOG
ATE A BARB ER TO FISH MIGRATION.
OR PINS ._...•
_q-- R-2541 22
\
PROP. SLOPE\STAKE LINE
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... 010 4 0 6
W
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
February 16, 2001
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Attention: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
LYNDO TIPPF, FT
SECRETARY
Subject: Wake County, NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs, from SR 1114 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project
No. STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.140260 1, TIP No. R-2541; USACE
ID 199502585, NCDWQ No. 98-0330.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Department of the Army
Individual Permit (IP) on July 16, 1999 to the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) for construction of the Holly Springs Bypass (TIP No. R-2541). This permit
authorized the discharge of dredged and till material into waters of the United States, crossing
Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed tributaries and adjacent wetlands. The purpose of this
letter is to modify the IP for this project as well as the 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC).
In the permit, the USACE authorized the construction of "on-site" stream mitigation at
Site 18, Station No. 85+00. In our permit application, NCDOT had proposed to restore this
stream section by removing the existing pipe at this location and placing the stream in an open F-1
channel with meanders, thereby providing on-site stream mitigation totaling 265 feet. Most of -? 1771
the area that NCDOT identified as being "on-site" mitigation has been placed in a pipe and filled p _--i
by the previous landowner
The NCDOT believes that it is not feasible to construct the on-site mitigation as it had
proposed in its permit application and was authorized to construct in the IP for the project.
There are reasons for this change of perspective about implementing the on-site mitigation.
After NCDOT had conducted its surveys for the project and prior to right of way
acquisition of the parcel, the previous landowner extended and filled a major portion of the area
that NCDOT had intended to use as on-site mitigation. The NCDOT noted this change in the
landscape at an on-site meeting with you in December 2000. The NCDOT could remove the
material and construct the mitigation as it had planned, but NCDOT believes that it would be a
failure. The slope change through the area was high and therefore concern existed about whether
the concept of implementing on-site mitigation would be successful. With the altered landscape,
NCDOT believes that there is a greater concern for failure of the stream project. There is a
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE: WWW.DOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
r
greater concern because the area for the relocation would now not be on existing earth, but
would be constructed on noncompacted fill material. The instability of the fill material creates a
greater chance of failure for the mitigation, leading to a greater amount of maintenance and cost.
At an in-house meeting in December 2000 (after the field meeting), you requested an
estimate of costs associated with the project if NCDOT were to implement on-site mitigation.
This includes the acquisition of additional right of way that would be needed to construct the
stream relocation. The additional costs would total $29,443.000. A general break down includes
$16,743 for borrow excavation and general excavation as well as $12,700 for additional right of
way.
With this information in mind, NCDOT proposes not to implement the on-site mitigation
as it had originally planned. The NCDOT proposes to replace a portion of the existing pipe that
the previous landowner had installed and to extend the pipe to the stream relocation associated
with Technology Drive relocation. This extension will result in the loss of an additional 131
feet. The NCDOT does not propose any mitigation for this impact.
The NCDOT does propose to provide mitigation for its inability to perform the on-site
mitigation by providing compensatory mitigation at the Abbott Tract. Site construction has
completed at the site, and plantings are set to occur this spring. The debit from this site would be
265 feet.
In summary, NCDOT requests that the 404/401 permits be modified to reflect that we
will not utilize the on-site mitigation at Station No. 85+00-L-. In place of this mitigation,
NCDOT proposes to utilize mitigation (265 feet) available at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT
also requests to pipe an additional 131 feet of stream.
If you have any questions or need any additional information concerning this project,
please contact Mr. Phillip Todd of my staff at [phone], extension 314.
Sincerely,

?d- Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Wayne Currie, P. E., Division 5
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO
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OIS E ABANDONED 73
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MERRITT HOLDING CORPOR ION
[ xl DITCH CLEANOUT REGD.
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010406
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICIIAGL F. EASLEY
GOVI::RNOR
February 16, 2001
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Attention: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615

LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY

C?7 -I
Subject: Wake County, NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs, from SR 1 114 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project
No. STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.140260 1, TIP No. R-2541; USAGE
ID 199502585; NCDWQ No. 98-0330.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Department of the Army
Individual Permit (IP) on July 16, 1999 to the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDO'[') for construction of the Holly Springs Bypass (TIP No. R-2541). This permit
authorized the discharge of dredged and till material into waters of the United States, crossing
Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed tributaries and adjacent wetlands. The purpose of this
letter is to modify the IP for this project as well as the 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC).
In the permit, the IISACE authorized the construction of "on-site" stream mitigation at
Site 18, Station No. 85+00. In our permit application, NCDOT had proposed to restore this
stream section by removing the existing pipe at this location and placing the stream in an open
channel with meanders, thereby providing on-site stream mitigation totaling 265 feet. Most of
the area that NCDOT identified as being "on-site" mitigation has been placed in a pipe and filled
by the previous landowner.
The NCDOT believes that it is not feasible to construct the on-site mitigation as it had
proposed in its permit application and was authorized to construct in the IP for the project.
There are reasons for this change of perspective about implementing the on-site mitigation.
After NCDOT had conducted its surveys for the project and prior to right of way
acquisition of the parcel, the previous landowner extended and filled a major portion of the area
that NCDOT had intended to use as on-site mitigation. The NCDOT noted this change in the
landscape at an on-site meeting with you in December 2000. The NCDOT could remove the
material and construct the mitigation as it had planned, but NCDOT believes that it would be a
failure. The slope change through the area was high and therefore concern existed about whether
the concept of implementing on-site mitigation would be successful. With the altered landscape,
NCDOT believes that there is a greater concern for failure of the stream project. There is a
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FAX: [phone] TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER WEBSITE. WWW.DOH.DOT.STATE.NC.US RALEIGH NC
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
1?
greater concern because the area for the relocation would now not be on existing earth, but
would be constructed on noncompacted fill material. The instability of the fill material creates a
greater chance of failure for the mitigation, leading to a greater amount of maintenance and cost.
At an in-house meeting in December 2000 (after the field meeting), you requested an
estimate of costs associated with the project if NCDOT were to implement on-site mitigation.
This includes the acquisition of additional right of way that would be needed to construct the
stream relocation. The additional costs would total $29,443.000. A general break down includes
$16,743 for borrow excavation and general excavation as well as $12,700 for additional right of
way.
With this information in mind, NCDOT proposes not to implement the on-site mitigation
as it had originally planned. The NCDOT proposes to replace a portion of the existing pipe that
the previous landowner had installed and to extend the pipe to the stream relocation associated
with Technology Drive relocation. This extension will result in the loss of an additional 131
feet. The NCDOT does not propose any mitigation for this impact.
The NCDOT does propose to provide mitigation for its inability to perform the on-site
mitigation by providing compensatory mitigation at the Abbott Tract. Site construction has
completed at the site, and plantings are set to occur this spring. The debit from this site would be
265 feet.
In summary, NCDOT requests that the 404/401 permits be modified to reflect that we
will not utilize the on-site mitigation at Station No. 85+00-L-. In place of this mitigation,
NCDOT proposes to utilize mitigation (265 feet) available at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT
also requests to pipe an additional 131 feet of stream.
If you have any questions or need any additional information concerning this project,
please contact Mr. Phillip Todd of my staff at [phone], extension 314.
Sincerely,

b1fYL Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Wayne Currie, P. E., Division 5
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO

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SEE SHEET 41 FOR -L- PROFILE \'S I` A
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d,.a STAh o?
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAI I. F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
a 1 04 06
LYM)o TIPPI 1-'r
SL'CRETARY
February 16, 2001
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Attention: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615
Subject: Wake County, NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs, from SR 1114 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project
No. STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.140260 1, TIP No. R-2541; USAGE
ID 199502585; NCDWQ No. 98-0330.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Department of the Army
Individual Permit (IP) on July 16, 1999 to the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) for construction of the Holly Springs Bypass (TIP No. R-2541). This permit
authorized the discharge of dredged and till material into waters of the United States, crossing
Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed tributaries and adjacent wetlands. The purpose of this
letter is to modify the IP for this project as well as the 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC).
In the permit, the USACE authorized the construction of "on-site" stream mitigation at
Site 18, Station No. 85+00. In our permit application, NCDOT had proposed to restore this
stream section by removing the existing pipe at this location and placing the stream in an open
channel with meanders, thereby providing on-site stream mitigation totaling 265 feet. Most of
the area that NCDOT identified as being "on-site" mitigation has been placed in a pipe and filled
by the previous landowner.
The NCDOT believes that it is not feasible to construct the on-site mitigation as it had
proposed in its permit application and was authorized to construct in the IP for the project.
There are reasons for this change of perspective about implementing the on-site mitigation.
After NCDOT had conducted its surveys for the project and prior to right of way
acquisition of the parcel, the previous landowner extended and filled a major portion of the area
that NCDOT had intended to use as on-site mitigation. The NCDOT noted this change in the
landscape at an on-site meeting with you in December 2000. The NCDOT could remove the
material and construct the mitigation as it had planned, but NCDOT believes that it would be a
failure. The slope change through the area was high and therefore concern existed about whether
the concept of implementing on-site mitigation would be successful. With the altered landscape,
NCDOT believes that there is a greater concern for failure of the stream project. There is a
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW. DOH.DOT. STATE. NC. US
_U 3D
M
C -D -<
M T"
rT-I
M
C7 -?
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
greater concern because the area for the relocation would now not be on existing earth, but
would be constructed on noncompacted fill material. The instability of the fill material creates a
greater chance of failure for the mitigation, leading to a greater amount of maintenance and cost.
At an in-house meeting in December 2000 (after the field meeting), you requested an
estimate of costs associated with the project if NCDOT were to implement on-site mitigation.
This includes the acquisition of additional right of way that would be needed to construct the
stream relocation. The additional costs would total $29,443.000. A general break down includes
$16,743 for borrow excavation and general excavation as well as $12,700 for additional right of
way.
With this information in mind, NCDOT proposes not to implement the on-site mitigation
as it had originally planned. The NCDOT proposes to replace a portion of the existing pipe that
the previous landowner had installed and to extend the pipe to the stream relocation associated
with Technology Drive relocation. This extension will result in the loss of an additional 131
feet. The NCDOT does not propose any mitigation for this impact.
The NCDOT does propose to provide mitigation for its inability to perform the on-site
mitigation by providing compensatory mitigation at the Abbott Tract. Site construction has
completed at the site, and plantings are set to occur this spring. The debit from this site would be
265 feet.
In summary, NCDOT requests that the 404/401 permits be modified to reflect that we
will not utilize the on-site mitigation at Station No. 85+00-L-. In place of this mitigation,
NCDOT proposes to utilize mitigation (265 feet) available at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT
also requests to pipe an additional 131 feet of stream.
If you have any questions or need any additional information concerning this project,
please contact Mr. Phillip Todd of my staff at [phone], extension 314.
Sincerely,
i/. ?._. X LA) )
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Wayne Currie, P. E., Division 5
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO
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OR OTHER ROT RESISTANT LOG.
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EXTEND UPSTREAM A MINIMUM OF
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0.]M IIFTI OF SUBSTRATE MATERIAL
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TER I AL TO FORM GRAVEL DEPOSIT
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K DAMS IN SERIES IN THE STREAM
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?IE SANE LEVEL OR LOITER THAN THE
I UPSTREAM LOG.
;K DAM IN NON-RIFFLE AREAS
EIGHT 15 AT LEAST 45CM (I.SFT)
VOIO FLOODING OF UPSTREAM
ACKWATER.
TROP AND MOTH Ci THE LOG
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GR PINS -ISM (o.irTl
PROP.
L2m P.S.
CLASS 'B' RP RAP 7
W/ FILTER FABRIC LI
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0 10 4 0 6
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOV[RNOR
February 16, 2001
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Attention: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615

LYNDO TIPm,rl
SH'REl'ARY
Subject: Wake County, NC 55 Bypass of Holly Springs, from SR 1114 (Ralph Stevens
Loop Road) to SR 1448 (Bobbitt Road), Federal Aid Project
No. STP-55(2), State Project No. 8.140260 1, TIP No. R-2541; USACE
ID 199502585; NCDWQ No. 98-0330.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued a Department of the Army
Individual Permit (IP) on July 16, 1999 to the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) for construction of the Holly Springs Bypass (TIP No. R-2541). This permit
authorized the discharge of dredged and fill material into waters of the United States, crossing
Utley Creek, Little Branch, unnamed tributaries and adjacent wetlands. The purpose of this
letter is to modify the IP for this project as well as the 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC).
In the permit, the USACE authorized the construction of "on-site" stream mitigation at
Site 18, Station No. 85+00. In our permit application, NCDOT had proposed to restore this
stream section by removing the existing pipe at this location and placing the stream in an open
channel with meanders, thereby providing on-site stream mitigation totaling 265 feet. Most of
the area that NCDOT identified as being "on-site" mitigation has been placed in a pipe and tilled
by the previous landowner.
The NCDOT believes that it is not feasible to construct the on-site mitigation as it had
proposed in its permit application and was authorized to construct in the IP for the project.
There are reasons for this change of perspective about implementing the on-site mitigation.
After NCDOT had conducted its surveys for the project and prior to right of way
acquisition of the parcel, the previous landowner extended and filled a major portion of the area
that NCDOT had intended to use as on-site mitigation. The NCDOT noted this change in the
landscape at an on-site meeting with you in December 2000. The NCDOT could remove the
material and construct the mitigation as it had planned, but NCDOT believes that it would be a
failure. The slope change through the area was high and therefore concern existed about whether
the concept of implementing on-site mitigation would be successful. With the altered landscape,
NCDOT believes that there is a greater concern for failure of the stream project. There is a
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW. DOH. DOT. STATE. NC. US
r7-t
r -T-
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
greater concern because the area for the relocation would now not be on existing earth, but
would be constructed on noncompacted fill material. The instability of the fill material creates a
greater chance of failure for the mitigation, leading to a greater amount of maintenance and cost.
At an in-house meeting in December 2000 (after the field meeting), you requested an
estimate of costs associated with the project if NCDOT were to implement on-site mitigation.
This includes the acquisition of additional right of way that would be needed to construct the
stream relocation. The additional costs would total $29,443.000. A general break down includes
$16,743 for borrow excavation and general excavation as well as $12,700 for additional right of
way.
With this information in mind, NCDOT proposes not to implement the on-site mitigation
as it had originally planned. The NCDOT proposes to replace a portion of the existing pipe that
the previous landowner had installed and to extend the pipe to the stream relocation associated
with Technology Drive relocation. This extension will result in the loss of an additional 131
feet. The NCDOT does not propose any mitigation for this impact.
The NCDOT does propose to provide mitigation for its inability to perform the on-site
mitigation by providing compensatory mitigation at the Abbott Tract. Site construction has
completed at the site, and plantings are set to occur this spring. The debit from this site would be
265 feet.
In summary, NCDOT requests that the 404/401 permits be modified to reflect that we
will not utilize the on-site mitigation at Station No. 85+00-L-. In place of this mitigation,
NCDOT proposes to utilize mitigation (265 feet) available at the Abbott Tract. The NCDOT
also requests to pipe an additional 131 feet of stream.
If you have any questions or need any additional information concerning this project,
please contact Mr. Phillip Todd of my staff at [phone], extension 314.
Sincerely,

bat- Mr. William D. Gilmore, P. E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: Mr. David Franklin, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ, Raleigh
Mr. Wayne Currie, P. E., Division 5
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

REGION 4
Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, S.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30303 - 8960

APR 3 0 W9
4WM-WCWQG/KM
Colonel Terry R. Youngbluth
District Engineer
ATTN: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615

SUBJ: North Carolina Department of Transportation: Speight Branch Mitigation Plan
TIP No. R-2541
Dear Colonel Youngbluth:
This letter is in response to the April 7, 1999 letter from the NCDOT, which included the
mitigation plan for the Speight Branch Mitigation Site, in Wake County, North Carolina. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 Wetlands Section (EPA) has reviewed the
mitigation plan, and has the following comments:
1. In Section 7.1.1 (page 50), please revise the wetland monitoring and success criteria to
state "monitoring ... will be performed for 5 years or until success criteria are met,
whichever is longer."
2. In Section 7.1.1.1 (page 50), please revise the last sentence of the 3' paragraph to state
"monitoring will take place once each year for at least five years."
EPA questions the success criterion of 240 trees/acre after five years (Section 7.1.1.1, last
paragraph). EPA recommends that the mitigation proposal be revised to require the
survival of 320 trees/acre as a success criterion, in order to be consistent with mitigation
plans for other sites.
4. EPA questions the proposed mitigation ratios. Although we recognize the importance of
upland and riparian buffers in protecting the wetlands from adjacent impacts, EPA does
not believe that such a large reduction in mitigation ratios is warranted in this case. First,
the upland buffer does not surround all of the proposed wetlands on the site. Particularly,
the wetlands on the northern property boundary have no buffer between them and the
adjacent property, which leaves them open to impacts from activities on those properties.
Also, a major portion of the wetlands which are buffered are adjacent to the property
owned by Triangle Land Conservancy, which is not likely to be developed in the near
future.
Second, EPA does not feel compelled to allow lower mitigation ratios to compensate for a
riparian buffer which would exist whether or not credit is given for it. The riparian area
adjacent to the restored stream is wholly within the proposed mitigation area, and will be
preserved regardless of whether mitigation credit is given. Further, the Neuse River Basin
Riparian Buffer Rules provide a certain measure of protection regardless of the
preservation of this stream reach, since Swift Creek and its tributaries are within the Neuse
River Basin.
EPA notes that the resource agencies have not discussed or agreed to any standard
methodology for acknowledgment of upland buffers and their benefits to mitigation sites.
However, we would like to offer a method in this case, to determine the appropriate
overall mitigation ratios for the site. Assuming that approximately 70% of the perimeter
of proposed wetlands on the property will be protected by upland buffers and/or distance
from the property line, EPA is willing to lower the mitigation ratio by 0.001 for each
percentage that is buffered. In other words, EPA will allow a lowering of the mitigation
ratios by 0.07, resulting in the following ratios:
Enhancement 3.93:1
Creation 2.93:1
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on these projects. If you have any questions
or comments, please contact Kathy Matthews, of my staff, at [phone].
Sincer ,
illiam L. Cox, Chief
Wetlands Section
cc: USFWS
NCDOT
NCDWQ
NCWRC
?w Q o
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890 O 461'f?
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
'glp ?qT _
August 9, 2005 sro??
IN REPLY REFER TO
ly?^
Regulatory Division/1145b
SUBJECT: Action ID 200421030; TIP R-2541 WM
Philip S. Harris, III, P.E.
Unit Head
PDEA - Natural Environment Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
1598 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1598
Dear Mr. Harris:
Reference your June 24, 2005 letter, requesting documentation that we require no further
monitoring of the Speight Branch Mitigation Site, south of Cary, in Wake County, North
Carolina, which was mitigation for TIP Project R-2541. The North Carolina Department of
Transportation has completed stream and vegetative monitoring for three years, as documented in
the mitigation monitoring reports submitted between 2002 and 2004.
Based on the monitoring reports, we concur with your recommendation to discontinue
monitoring at this site, and have determined that you have satisfied the Speight Branch
Mitigation Site stream and wetland construction, planting and monitoring requirements of the
permit authorization for TIP R-2541 (Action ID 199502585).
With regards to the final disposition of the site, pursuant to the special conditions for R-
2541, NCDOT shall make every effort to convey the 7.08 acres of the Speight Branch site
property to a nonprofit conservation organization or a natural resource agency that is willing to
hold the areas in perpetuity for conservation purposes, and which is acceptable to the Corps of
Engineers. In addition, the special conditions state that NCDOT shall not sell or otherwise
convey any interest in the properties used to satisfy mitigation requirements for this permit, to
any third party, without the express written consent of the Corps of Engineers. Therefore, the
terms and conditions of any transfer of this tract shall be coordinated with this office to ensure
appropriate long-term management of the Speight Branch Mitigation Site. Before the property is
transferred, please provide this office with a draft of a proposed long-term management
agreement with the agency expected to accept the transfer, which clearly addresses the need to
protect the resources at this compensatory mitigation site.
w0
Should you have any questions, please call me at [phone], extension 23.
Sincerely,

Eric C. Alsmeyer
Regulatory Project Manager
Copy Furnished:
Mr. John Hennessy
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of
Environment and
Natural Resources
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 4
Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, S.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30303 -8960
? ? 41.96® ??.f
FEB 2 6 1999
WMD/WCWQGB/KM
Colonel Terry Youngbluth
District Engineer
ATTN: Mr. Eric Alsmeyer
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
6508 Falls of Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, North Carolina 27615-6814
SUBJ: N.C. Dept. of Transportation: February, 1999 Draft Abbott Stream Restoration Plan
(TIP No. R-2541)
Dear Colonel Youngbluth:
This is in response to the above referenced mitigation proposal for the Abbott Stream
mitigation area, prepared by Earth Tech for the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 Wetlands Section (EPA) has reviewed the
February, 1999 mitigation proposal, and has a few minor comments.
Overall, EPA is pleased with the mitigation plan as presented. EPA notes that mitigation
credit is only proposed for stream restoration, although a small amount of wetlands will also be
restored and created on site (0.53 acres total). If mitigation credit is sought for the depressional
wetlands, EPA recommends that the NCDOT be required to monitor the hydrology and
vegetation of the wetlands for a minimum of five (5) years to determine success.
In regards to success of the stream restoration, 1 year of monitoring is acceptable.
However, EPA recorrunends that the mitigation plan include a more quantitative quarterly data
collection, including estimated species composition and density of vegetation planted/recruited on
the stream banks.

2
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on this project. If you have any questions,
please contact Kathy Matthews at the above address or by telephone at [phone].
Sincerely,
William L. Cox, Chief
Wetlands Section
cc: USFWS, Raleigh
NCDENR, Raleigh
NCWRC, Raleigh
NCDOT, Raleigh
DARAIC??
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
JAMES B.
/(P lb
TO: Distri
FROM:
SUBJECT:
Clarence W. Col
NCDOT Natural
ENT OF TRANSPORTATION
25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
r June 22, 1999
? f
?d
n
;Este/S
Review of Preliminary Desi
and Speight Branch Mitigat.
State Project No. 8.1402601
DAVID MCCOY
ACTING SECRETARY
ion, Abbott Property
No. R-2541,
A Review of Preliminary Design Plans and Fi d Inspection for the Abbott
The initial briefing will include a summary of both mitigation sites, a short
presentation of the construction plan sheets, a description of the construction processes,
and an open forum discussion. The morning session will then adjourn to the project sites
in the afternoon.
The meeting has the following goals:
1. To provide agencies an opportunity to verify that NCDOT construction
plans reflect those commitments made in the respective Mitigation Plans.
2. To provide agencies with an opportunity to collectively visit the
mitigation sites.
3. To solicit immediate agency comments on construction plans, if agency
representatives feel the plan sheets do not accurately reflect the approved
Mitigation Plans.
4. To solicit immediate comments from Division 5 construction personnel
Property and Speight Branch mitigation projects will e conducted from 8:00 AM to 3:45
PM on July 7, 1999. This meeting will be held in the Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Conference Room 470 in the Transportation Building. An
agenda for the meeting has been attached for your review. A set of half-size construction
plan sheets will be forwarded when they become available.
as to the "constructability" of the design.
If you have questions or comments prior to the meeting, please feel free to contact me at
[phone]. Thank you in advance for your attendance.
Distribution List:
Agency Personnel
Eric Alsmeyer, USACE
Tom McCartney,USFWS
John Hennessey, NCDWQ
David Cox, NCWRC
Consultant
Jim Buck, P.E., EarthTech
NCDOT Personnel
Tracy Parrott, P. E., Division 5 Construction Engineer
Jimmy Norris, Roadway Design Unit
Ron Allen, P. E., Roadway Design Unit
Randy Wise, Roadside Environmental Unit
Abdul Rahmani, Hydraulics Unit
Phil Harris, P. E., Project Development and Environmental Analysis
Tanner Holland, Environmental Specialistx
If you have questions or comments prior to the meeting, please feel free to contact me at
[phone]. Thank you in advance for your attendance.
Distribution List:
Agency Personnel
Eric Alsmeyer, USACE
Tom McCartney,USFWS
John Hennessey, NCDWQ
David Cox, NCWRC
Consultant
Jim Buck, P.E., EarthTech
NCDOT Personnel
Tracy Parrott, P. E., Division 5 Construction Engineer
Jimmy Norris, Roadway Design Unit
Ron Allen, P. E., Roadway Design Unit
Randy Wise, Roadside Environmental Unit
Abdul Rahmani, Hydraulics Unit
Phil Harris, P. E., Project Development and Environmental Analysis
Tanner Holland, Project Development and Environmental Analysis
i?
t.

Meeting Agenda
Abbott Creek and Speight Branch Mitigation Sites
On-Site Review of Construction Plan Sheets
July 7, 1999
Time schedule is approximate.
Time Subject Responsibility
8:00 AM Welcome & Introductory Remarks Clarence Coleman
Self-Introductions Natural Systems Engineer
8:10 Formal Presentation of Abbott Property Jim Buck
Site Description and the Approved EarthTech
Mitigation Plan
8:25 Presentation of Construction Plan Sheets Jim Buck
(Abbott Property) Earth Tech
8:45 Description of Construction Activities Clarence Coleman
(Abbott Property) Natural Systems Engineer
9:15 Open Forum Discussion and Comments Resource Agencies and
about Abbott Property Construction Personnel
9:35 10 Minute Break
9:45 Formal Presentation of Speight Branch Jim Buck
Site Description and the Approved EarthTech
Mitigation Plan.
10:00 Presentation of Construction Plan Sheets Jim Buck
(Speight Branch) EarthTech
10:15 Description of Construction Activities Clarence Coleman
(Speight Branch) Natural Systems Engineer
10:45 Open Forum Discussion and Comments Resource Agencies
about Speight Branch and Construction Personnel
11:05 Meeting Adjourned - Break for Lunch
12:30 Depart for Abbott Property
1:00 Tour Abbott Property
1: 45 Collect final comments about the construction plans for the Abbott Property
2:00 Break and depart for the Speight Branch site
2:30 Tour Speight Branch site
3:15 Collect final comments about the construction plans for the Speight Branch site
3:45 Meeting adjourned
C -
DRAFT 1
DRAFT
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
a. All work authorized by this permit must be prepared in strict
compliance with the attached plans, which are a part of this
permit.
b. The permittee shall mitigate for 3.54 acres of
unavoidable impacts to wetlands for the entire project, and 1,421
linear feet of stream impact which requires mitigation, as
described below (7.08 acres of wetland enhancement, and 1,470
linear feet of stream restoration/enhancement, at the Speight
Branch site; 3.54 acres of wetland restoration through the North
Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program; 422 linear feet of onsite
stream relocation; 265 linear feet of stream restoration at the
Technology Drive site; and 263 linear feet of stream
restoration/enhancement at the Abbott site.).
SPEIGHT BRANCH WETLANDS MITIGATION
C. The permittee shall implement the enhancement portion of
the compensatory wetland mitigation plan entitled "Wetland
Mitigation and Stream Restoration Plan, Speight Branch" dated
April 1999, and prepared by Earth Tech, to provide the mitigation
described in condition d. below.
d. The permittee shall mitigate for 1.77 acres of
unavoidable impacts to wetlands associated with this project with
7.08 acres of wetland enhancement at the Speight Branch
Mitigation Site.
e. NCDOT will do a boundary survey of the 7.08 acres of
wetland mitigation at the Speight Branch Mitigation Site, and
submit a copy of the survey to the District Engineer within 90
days after construction of the site is completed.
f. All site preparation activities at the Speight Branch
Mitigation Site shall be completed by March 15, 2001. An "as
built" plan, which describes the completed mitigation project,
including variations from the original plan, location of sample
plots, number of individuals of each tree species within each
sample plot, location of monitoring wells, final project
DRAFT
DRAFT
2
elevations, and photographs shall be submitted to the District
Engineer within 60 days of mitigation site completion.
g. The permittee and subsequent property owners shall
maintain the Speight Branch Wetlands Mitigation Site in its
natural condition, as altered by work in the mitigation plan, in
perpetuity. Prohibited activities within the mitigation areas
specifically include, but are not limited to: the construction or
placement of roads, walkways, buildings, signs, or structures of
any kind (i.e., billboards, interior fences, etc.); filling,
grading, excavation, leveling, or any other earth moving activity
or activity that may alter the drainage patterns on the property;
the cutting, mowing, destruction, removal, damage or other
alteration of any vegetation; disposal or storage of any debris,
trash, garbage, or other waste material; except as may be
authorized by the mitigation plans or subsequent modifications
which are approved by the Corps of Engineers. In addition, the
permittee shall take no action, whether on or off the mitigation
property, which will adversely impact the wetlands on the
mitigation property.
h. The permittee shall make every effort to convey the 7.08
acres of the Speight Branch site property to a nonprofit
conservation organization or a natural resource agency that is
willing to hold the areas in perpetuity for conservation
purposes, and which is acceptable to the Corps of Engineers.
i. The permittee shall not sell or otherwise convey any
interest in the properties used to satisfy mitigation
requirements for this permit, to any third party, without the
express written consent of the Corps of Engineers.
j. Any sale, lease, or other conveyance of the 7.08 acres
of the Speight Branch Site shall include restrictions on the use
of the property as described in these conditions, which
conditions shall be enforced by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation.
k. The permittee shall record this permit, including a
survey of the 7.08 acres of the mitigation property, in the Wake
County Register of Deeds, in such a manner that it appears in the
chain of title for the mitigation property.
Q
Meeting Agenda
Abbott Property and Speight Branch Mitigation Sites
On-Site Review of Construction Plan Sheets
July 7,1999
Time schedule is approximate.
Time Subject
8:00 AM Welcome & Introductory Remarks
Self-Introductions
8:10 Formal Presentation of Abbott Property
Site Description and the Approved
Mitigation Plar
8:2`1 Presentation of Construction Plan Sheets
(Abbott Property
8:45 Description of Construction Activities
(Abbott Property)
9:15 Open Forum Discussion and Comments
about Abbott Property
9:35 10 Minute Break
9:45 Formal Presentation of Speight Branch
Site Description and the Approved
Mitigation Plan.
10:00 Presentation of Construction Plan Sheets
(Speight Branch)
10:15 Description of Construction Activities
(Speight Branch)
10:45 Open Forum Discussion and Comments
about Speight Branch
Responsibility
Clarence Coleman
Natural Systems Engineer
Jim Buck
EarthTech
Jim Buck
Earth 1 ec..
Clarence Coleman
Natural Systems Engineer
Resource Agencies and
Construction Personnel
Jim Buck
EarthTech
Jim Buck
EarthTech
Clarence Coleman
Natural Systems Engineer
Resource Agencies
and Construction Personnel

Meeting Agenda (Continued)
11:05 Meeting Adjourned - Break for Lunch
12:30 Depart for Abbott Property
1:00 Tour Abbott Property
1: 45 Collect final comments about the construction plans for the Abbott Property
2:00 Break and depart for the Speight Branch site
2:30 Tour Speight Branch site
3:15 Collect final comments about the construction plans for the Speight Branch site
3:45 Meeting adjourned

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DRAFT
DRAFT
3
SPEIGHT BRANCH WETLANDS ENHANCEMENT MITIGATION MONITORING
1. The permittee will monitor the site vegetation between
August 1 and November 30, inclusively, of each year, and document
plant mortality and stress within the mitigation. A minimum of
eight 0.05 acre sample plots will be used within the 7.08 acre
mitigation area, and will be placed randomly within the site. The
permittee will continue monitoring of the planting areas annually
until the respective performance criteria are met, as described
below.
M. Performance criteria for tree planting areas will be met
if sample plots demonstrate that for each of the first three
complete years of monitoring, 320 target-species trees per acre
have survived, such that at the end of three years, 320 three-
year old target-species trees per acre have survived on the site,
and, in years four and five, 288 and 260 trees per acre,
respectively, have survived on the site, such that at the end of
year five, 260 five-year old target-species trees per acre have
survived on the site.
n. If for any monitoring year, vegetation survival is not
favorable, as determined by the Corps of Engineers, any remedial
action required by the Corps of Engineers will be performed, the
site will be replanted, and the five-year monitoring period will
begin again with year one.
o. The permittee will submit yearly mitigation monitoring
reports within 60 calendar days of each assessment period for
five years following final site manipulation. These reports will
include, at a minimum, sample plot data; photographs; and
problems/resolution; and will be provided to both the Corps and
the North Carolina Division of Water Quality.
SPEIGHT BRANCH STREAM MITIGATION
p. The permittee shall mitigate for 735 linear feet of
unavoidable impacts to stream channel associated with this
project with 1,470 linear feet of stream restoration at the
Speight Branch Mitigation Site, as described in the mitigation
plan entitled "Wetland Mitigation and Stream Restoration Plan,
DRAFT
DRAFT
4
Speight Branch" dated April 1999, and prepared by Earth Tech.
The permittee will complete construction and vegetative planting
of the stream mitigation by March 15, 2001.
q. The permittee shall visually monitor the vegetative
plantings on the mitigation stream banks to assess and insure
complete stabilization of the mitigation stream segments. This
monitoring shall include adequate visual monitoring of planted
vegetation quarterly for a minimum of one year after final
planting, and appropriate remedial actions (e.g., replanting,
streambank grading, etc.), and will submit a brief report with
representative photographs within 90 days after the monitoring is
completed.
NCWRP WETLANDS MITIGATION
r. The permittee shall mitigate for 1.77 acres of
unavoidable impacts to wetlands associated with this project by
payment to the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program
(NCWRP)in an amount determined by the NCWRP sufficient to perform
2.37 acres of riparian, palustrine, forested wetlands restoration
mitigation, and 0.03 acres of riparian, palustrine, emergent
wetlands restoration mitigation in the upper Neuse River basin
(Cataloging Unit 03020201); and 0.7 acres of riparian,
palustrine, forested wetlands restoration mitigation, and 0.40
acres of riparian, palustrine, emergent wetlands restoration
mitigation in the upper Cape Fear basin (Cataloging Unit
03030002). Construction within wetlands on this project shall
begin only after the permittee has made full payment to the
NCWRP, and the NCWRP has made written confirmation to the
District Engineer, that it agrees to accept responsibility for
the mitigation work required, pursuant to Paragraph IV.D. of the
Memorandum of Understanding between the North Carolina Department
of Environment and Natural Resources and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Wilmington District, dated November 4, 1998.
ONSITE STREAM RELOCATION
S. The permittee shall mitigate for 422 linear feet of
unavoidable impacts to stream channel associated with this
project by completing 422 linear feet of onsite stream
relocation, as described in the permit application. All stream
DRAFT 5
DRAFT
relocations shall be constructed in accordance with the North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission's (NCWRC) "Stream
Relocation Guidelines." NCDOT shall consult with NCWRC on all
stream relocations and implement all practicable recommendations
in the design of specific site requirements for re-establishment
of bank vegetation, and placement of meanders and habitat
structures. Vegetation shall be used to the maximum extent
practicable to stabilize banks, and riprap and other man-made
structural measures shall be minimized.
t. The permittee shall visually monitor the vegetative
plantings on the mitigation stream banks to assess and insure
complete stabilization of the mitigation stream segments. This
monitoring shall include adequate visual monitoring of planted
vegetation for a minimum of one year after final planting, and
appropriate remedial actions (e.g., replanting, streambank
grading, etc.), and will submit a brief report with
representative photographs within 90 days after the monitoring is
completed.
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE STREAM RELOCATION
U. The permittee shall mitigate for 132 linear feet of
unavoidable impacts to stream channel associated with this
project by completing 265 linear feet of stream restoration at
the Technology Drive site, as described in the permit
application. This stream relocation shall be constructed in
accordance with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission's (NCWRC) "Stream Relocation Guidelines." NCDOT shall
consult with NCWRC on this stream relocation and implement all
practicable recommendations in the design of specific site
requirements for re-establishment of bank vegetation, and
placement of meanders and habitat structures. Vegetation shall
be used to the maximum extent practicable to stabilize banks, and
riprap and other man-made structural measures shall be minimized.
V. The permittee shall visually monitor the vegetative
plantings on the mitigation stream banks to assess and insure
complete stabilization of the mitigation stream segments. This
monitoring shall include adequate visual monitoring of planted
vegetation for a minimum of one year after final planting, and
appropriate remedial actions (e.g., replanting, streambank
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grading, etc.), and will submit a brief report with
representative photographs within 90 days after the monitoring is
completed.
ABBOTT PROPERTY STREAM MITIGATION
W. The permittee shall mitigate for 132 linear feet of
unavoidable impacts to stream channel associated with this
project with 263 linear feet of stream restoration at the Abbott
Property Mitigation Site, as described in the mitigation plan
entitled "Stream Restoration Plan, Abbott Property" dated
February 1999, and prepared by Earth Tech. The permittee will
complete construction and vegetative planting of the stream
mitigation by March 15, 2001.
X. The permittee shall visually monitor the vegetative
plantings on the mitigation stream banks to assess and insure
complete stabilization of the mitigation stream segments. This
monitoring shall include adequate visual monitoring of planted
vegetation quarterly for a minimum of one year after final
planting, and appropriate remedial actions (e.g., replanting,
streambank grading, etc.), and will submit a brief report with
representative photographs within 90 days after the monitoring is
completed.
GENERAL MITIGATION
y. The permittee shall contact the Corps of Engineers,
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office NCDOT Regulatory Project Manager,
to provide that individual with the opportunity to attend the
yearly mitigation monitoring efforts.
Z. Failure to institute and carry out the details of
special conditions a. - y., above, will result in a directive to
cease all ongoing and permitted work within waters and/or
wetlands associated with TIP R-2541, or such other remedy as the
District Engineer or his authorized representatives may seek.
OTHER CONDITIONS
aa. Prior to commencing construction within jurisdictional
waters of the United States, the permittee shall forward the
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latest version of project construction drawings to the Corps of
Engineers, Raleigh Regulatory Field Office NCDOT Regulatory
Project Manager. Half-size drawings are acceptable.
bb. The permittee shall schedule a meeting between its
representatives, the contractor's representatives, and the Corps of
Engineers, Raleigh Regulatory Field Office NCDOT Regulatory Project
Manager, prior to any work within jurisdictional waters and wetlands
to ensure that there is a mutual understanding of all of the terms
and conditions contained within this Department of the Army Permit.
The permittee shall notify the Corps of Engineers Project Manager a
minimum of thirty (30) days in advance of the scheduled meeting in
order to provide that individual with ample opportunity to schedule
and participate in the required meeting.
CC. The permittee and its contractors and/or agents shall
not excavate, fill, or perform mechanized landclearing at any
time in the construction or maintenance of this project within
waters and/or wetlands, except as authorized by this permit, or
any modification to this permit. There shall be no excavation
from, or waste disposal into, jurisdictional wetlands or waters
associated with this permit without appropriate modification of
this permit, including appropriate compensatory mitigation. This
prohibition applies to all borrow and fill activities connected
with this project.
dd. To ensure that all borrow and waste activities occur on
high ground, except as authorized by this permit, the permittee
shall require its contractors and/or agents to identify all areas
to be used to borrow material, or to dispose of dredged, fill, or
waste material. The permittee shall ensure that all such areas
comply with the preceding condition (cc.) of this permit, and
shall require and maintain documentation of the location and
characteristics of all borrow and disposal sites associated with
this project. This information will include data regarding
soils, vegetation and hydrology sufficient to clearly demonstrate
compliance with the preceding condition (cc.). All information
will be available to the Corps of Engineers upon request.
ee. The permittee shall require its contractors and/or agents
to comply with the terms and conditions of this permit in the
construction and maintenance of this project.
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8
ff. The permittee shall comply with the conditions
specified in the water quality certification, No. *, issued by
the North Carolina Division of Water Quality on *, 1999.
gg. *The permittee shall use appropriate sediment and
erosion control practices which equal or exceed those outlined in
the most recent version of the "North Carolina Sediment and
Erosion Control Planning and Design Manual" to prevent turbidity
levels greater than *50 NTU's in all streams and rivers, and *25
NTU's in all lakes.
hh. *The permittee shall remove all sediment and erosion
control measures placed in wetlands or waters, and shall restore
natural grades in those areas, after the North Carolina Division
of Land Resources has released the project.
**. *The permittee shall take measures to prevent live or
fresh concrete from coming into contact with any surface waters
until the concrete has hardened.
**. If the permittee discovers any previously unknown historic
or archeological remains while accomplishing the authorized work, he
will immediately notify the Wilmington District Engineer who will
initiate the required State/Federal coordination.
**. No excavated or fill material will be placed at any time
in waters or wetlands outside the permitted construction areas, nor
will it be placed in any location or in any manner so as to impair
surface water flow into or out of any wetland area.
*. The permittee will maintain the authorized work in good
condition and in conformance with the terms and conditions of this
permit. The permittee is not relieved of this requirement if he
abandons the permitted activity without transferring it to a third
party.
**. All fill material will be clean and free of any pollutants
except in trace quantities. Metal products, organic materials, or
unsightly debris will not be used.
*. This Department of the Army permit does not obviate the
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9
need to obtain other Federal, State, or local authorizations
required by law.
**. This permit does not grant any property rights or
exclusive privileges.
**. In issuing this permit, the Federal Government does not
assume any liability for:
1. Damages to the permitted project or uses thereof as a
result of other permitted or unpermitted activities or from
natural causes.
2. Damages to the permitted project or uses thereof as a
result of current or future Federal activities initiated on
behalf of the general public.
3. Damages to other permitted or unpermitted activities or
structures caused by the authorized activity.
4. Design and construction deficiencies associated with the
permitted work.
5. Damage claims associated with any future modification,
suspension, or revocation of this permit.
NCDOT STREAM MONITORING FORM
PROJECT NAME:Abbott
PROJECT NUMBER: 8.1402601
TIP NUMBER:R-2541WM
INSPECTED BY:M. Weatherford, M. Green, J. Wait
LOCATION OF PROJECT: Lakeside Drive in Raleigh
DESCRIPTION OF CHANNEL S'T'ABILITY:
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V
DATE: l 1/ 14/02
DIVISION:5
COUNTY:Wake
STABILIZED UNSTABLE NEEDS WORK
NOTEStChannel very stable at this time
DESCRIPTION OF STREAMBANK VEGETATION:
HIGHLY
VEGETATED MOSTLY
VEGETA'T'ED VERY LITTLE
VEGETA'T'ION NEEDS ADDITIONAL
PLANTING

NOTES.11'ree falling across stream just past the bridge
DESCRIPTION OF LIVE STAKES AND BARE ROOT SEEDLINGS:
TYPE SURVIVAL RATE (%) SIZE OF SPECIES (FT)
BAREROOT SEEDLING 75% _ 4%8'
LIVE STAKES 70% 19-3'
NOTES:2nd Ouarter Monitoring for 2002
'T'OTAL NUMBER OF PHO'T'OS TAKEN:9

GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE SITE:
Bankful) event took place between 1st and 2nd Quarter monitoring

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