HomeMy WebLinkAbout20010281 Ver 1_Complete File_200102260
0
N
1-1
rl
N
N
O
w
Q
f
I
O
P
z
It
w
U
LLJ
0
O
zz
W
U
w
w ?o
O?2
M ?o
o
O
O
? O
W N
U V)-
F1
O
LL
9
U
z
W "I
F O
O
a N
W \
O N
1-1
N
O
r-I
O
? a
w
co
Z o
~ U ?
QZ to
r-I
,.7 x
L? ?
March 23, 2000
Mr. Steve Lund, NCDOT Coordinator
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Branch
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
SUBJECT: NCDOT Regional General 404 Permit Application
Replace, Bridge No. 118 on SR 1560- Unnamed Tributary North Fork Catawba
McDowell County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Lund:
Ot , o2-t I
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is requesting a letter of concurrence
from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) to obtain a 404 permit from the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers. Biologists have reviewed information provided by the applicant; we are familiar
with habitat values of the project area. These comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the
Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et seq.) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401,
as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
The applicant proposes to replace the existing timber bridge (16'x 20') over an unnamed tributary to
the North Fork Catawba River on SR 1560 with one flat bottom arch pipe (128" x 83"). The total pipe
length is 60 feet.
The Division of Water Quality (DWQ) classifies the unnamed tributary as trout water and the reach
upstream on Forest Service land is designated as a wild trout stream by the NCWRC. Just downstream of
the bridge replacement the unnamed tributary flows into the North Fork Catawba River, which is also
classified as trout water by the DWQ and is designated as hatchery supported waters by NCWRC. This area
supports both wild brown and wild rainbow trout.
The NCWRC is very concerned about the replacement of a spanning structure at this location with
an arched culvert and the impacts this project will have on the movement of trout and other aquatic life in
this area of the North Fork Catawba River. Another unnamed tributary that supports trout flows into the
North Fork Catawba a short distance downstream of the confluence of the subject stream and the North Fork
Catawba. This and other small tributaries in this area are probably trout nursery areas and a spanning
structure would guarantee access for spawners.
The NCWRC can concur with the issuance of a permit for this bridge replacement provided the
subject permit is conditioned as follows.
Bridge 118, SR 1143 2 March 23, 2001
McDowell County, UT NF Catawba River
1. Replace the existing bridge with another spanning structure instead of the proposed arched
culvert to insure that trout have access to this tributary.
2. Adequate sedimentation and erosion control measures must be implemented prior to any ground
disturbing activities to minimize impacts to downstream aquatic resources. Temporary or
permanent herbaceous vegetation should be planted on all bare soil within 15 days of ground
disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion control. Erosion control matting should be
used as a stabilizing material instead of straw.
3. Under no circumstances should rock, sand, or other materials be dredged from the stream
channel under authorization of this permit, except in the immediate vicinity of the bridge
supports. Instream dredging has catastrophic effects on aquatic life, and disturbance of the
natural form of the stream channel will likely cause downstream erosion problems, possibly
affecting adjacent landowners.
4. The stream should not be over widened at the bridge crossing. Stream morphology should be
maintained through the project area. If the stream is over widened already at the bridge
crossing, the proper dimensions should be restored as part of the installation of the new
structure.
5. Grading and backfilling should be minimized, and tree and shrub growth should be retained if
possible to ensure long term availability of shoreline cover for gamefish and wildlife. Backfill
materials should be obtained from upland sites.
6. If concrete is used during construction, a dry work area must be maintained to prevent direct
contact between curing concrete and stream water. Uncured concrete affects water quality and
is highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.
7. Riprap placed for bank stabilization should be limited to the stream bank below the high water
mark, and vegetation should be used for stabilization above the high water elevation.
8. Construction instream and within the 25-foot buffer zone is prohibited during the trout-
spawning period of October 15 to April 15 in order to protect the egg and fry stages from
sedimentation.
9. All mechanized equipment operated near surface waters should be regularly inspected and
maintained to prevent contamination of stream waters from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids or
other toxic materials.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. Pending availability of field
staff, the NCWRC may inspect the work site during or after construction. If there are any questions
regarding these comments, please contact me at (828) 452-2546.
Sincerely,
Owen F. Anderson
Mountain Region Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
cc: Mr. Roger D. Bryan, Division 13 Environmental Officer, NCDOT
Bridge 118, SR 1143 3 • March 23, 2001
McDowell County, UT NF Catawba River
Ms. Cynthia Van der Wiele, Highway Coordinator, Division of Water Quality
O?O? W AT ?RpG
r
Michael F. Easley
. Governor
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Kerr T. Stevens
Division of Water Quality
March 5, 2001
McDowell County
DWQ Project No. 01-0281
Bridge No. 118, SR 1560 over ut to North Fork Catawba River
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification with Additional Conditions
Mr. Roger D. Bryan, Environmental Officer
NCDOT Division 13
P.O. Box 3279
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Dear Mr. Bryan:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those listed below, to replace the existing timber
bridge number 118 on SR 1560 in McDowell County with a flat bottom pipe arch. The project should be constructed in
accordance with your application dated 21 February 2001 (received 25 February 2001). After reviewing your application,
we have decided that this project is covered by General Water Quality Certification Number 3289. This certification
corresponds to Regional General Permit Number 1198200031 issued by the Corps of Engineers. In addition, you should
acquire any other federal, state or local permits before you proceed with your project including (but not limited to)
Sediment and Erosion Control, Non-Discharge and Water Supply Watershed regulations. This approval will expire with
the accompanying §404 permit, unless otherwise specified in the Water Quality Certification. The following additional
conditions will be required:
1.In-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot wide buffer zone are prohibited during the trout spawning
season of October 15 through April 15 to protect the egg and fry stages of trout from sedimentation during
construction.
2. Stormwater should be directed to buffer areas or retention basins and should not be routed directly into streams.
3. High Quality Waters Erosion Control Guidelines must be implemented prior to any ground-disturbing activities to
minimize impacts to downstream aquatic resources. Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetation should be
planted on all bare soil within 15 days of ground-disturbing activities to provide long term erosion control.
4. The culvert required for this project shall be installed in such a manner that the original stream profile is not altered
- - - - - -- - i.e. the depth of the channel should not be reduced b a widening of the streambed - - - - -
5. All work shall be performed during low flow conditions.
6. All mechanized equipment operated near surface waters should be regularly inspected and maintained to prevent
contamination of stream waters from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
7. The presence of equipment in the channels must be minimized. Under no circumstances should rock, sand or other
materials be dredged from the wetted stream channel under authorization of this permit, except in the immediate
vicinity of the culverts.
8. Mowing of existing vegetated buffers is strongly discouraged, so that they may be utilized for storm water sheet flow.
9. Use of rip-rap for bank stabilization is to be minimized; rather, native vegetation is to be planted when practical. If
necessary, rip-rap should be limited to the stream bank below the high water mark, and vegetation should be used for
stabilization above high water.
10. Rock silt screens at culvert outlets should be removed at project completion.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
Page 2 of 2
This approval is valid solely for the purpose and design described in your application (unless modified below). Should
your project change, you must notify the DWQ and submit a new application. If the property is sold, the new owner must
be given a copy of this Certification and approval letter, and is thereby responsible for complying with all the conditions.
If the proposed fill is in excess of 150 linear feet of stream length or 1 acre of wetlands, compensatory mitigation will
required as described in 15A NCAC 211.0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the
conditions listed in the attached certification and any additional conditions listed above.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You must act
within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing,.send a written petition that conforms to
Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center,
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-6714. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. If you have
any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-9646.
Sincerely,
Stevens
Attachment
Pc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
NCDWQ Asheville Regional Office
Central Files
r
•
? 5TA7Fo
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
n MICHAEL F. EASLEY LYNDO TIPPETT
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
PO BOX 3279, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802
February 21, 2001
Mr. Steve Lund 010281
US Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
Subject: Regional General Permit 9198200031
Bridge 118, SR 1560
McDowell County, NC
Dear Mr. Lund:
I have enclosed a straight-line diagram, a PCN application for RGP #198200031, and a
location map relative to the bridge replacement project on SR 1560, McDowell County,
NC.
We propose to replace the existing timber bridge with a flat bottom arch pipe. The total
pipe length will be 60 feet. The current structure is in poor condition and needs
replacement. Construction activities will be conducted from dry work areas whenever
possible. Existing channel morphology will be maintained upstream and downstream of
the culverts. Culverts will be installed to insure aquatic life passage. Riparian vegetation
will be reestablished along disturbed areas associated with project.
No federally listed species (threatened or endangered) or critical habitats will be affected
by the proposed project.
By copy of this letter, we request Mr. Owen Anderson, North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission Mountain Region Coordinator, to comment directly to the Corps
concerning the permit request.
-0 3?
n
M :;z
_<z rn
Erosion control measures will be employed from the "Erosion and Sedimentation Control
Guidelines for Division Maintenance Operations" and reviewed by Mr. W. Neil Trivette,
Area Roadside Environmental Engineer.
Mr. Steve Lund
Page -2 Bridge 118, McDowell County
February 21, 2001
By copy of this letter, I am forwarding seven (7) copies of the application package to
Cynthia Van der Wiele, NC DENR, Division of Water Quality, 401/Wetland Unit for
review. A $200.00 check is enclosed for application processing. Please forward
comments directly to the Corps with copy to Division 13 Environmental Officer.
Your earliest consideration for this request would be greatly appreciated. If you have any
questions or information needs, please contact me at (828) 251-6287.
Sincerely,
?' r a "D. Bryan
Division 13 Environmental Officer
Enclosures
cc: F.D. Martin, P.E.
Larry J. Cordell
Owen Anderson
Cynthia Van der Wiele
Neil Trivette
Richard Silverman
CV
O
vow
Q
DWQ ID: CORPS ACTION ID:
GENERAL PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE PERMIT #) 198200031
PRE-CONSTRUCTION NOTIFICATION APPLICATION
FOR NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE:
1. NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
2. APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION
3. COORDINATION WITH THE NC DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
SEND THE ORIGINAL AND (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED FORM TO THE APPROPRIATE FIELD
OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). PLEASE PRINT
OR TYPE.
1. OWNER'S NAME: N.C. Department of Transportation
2. MAILING ADDRESS: P.O. Box 3279
SUBDIVISION NAME
CITY: Asheville STATE: NC ZIP CODE: 28802
PROJECT LOCATION ADDRESS, INCLUDING SUBDIVISION NAME (IF DIFFERENT FROM
MAILING ADDRESS ABOVE):
Bridge 118(SR 1560), McDowell County
3. TELEPHONE NUMBER: (HOME) (WORK) (828) 251-6287
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS,
PHONE NUMBER:
5. LOCATION OF WORK (PROVIDE A MAP, PREFERABLY A COPY OF USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
OR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY WITH SCALE):
COUNTY: McDowell - NEAREST TOWN: North Cove
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ECT.) Bridge 118 is located on
SR 1560 just north of North Cove. The project area is located approximatley 5 miles north of the
intersection of NC 226/US 221.
6. IMPACTED OR NEAREST STREAM/RIVER: Unnamed trib. to North Fork Catawba. RIVER BASIN:
Catawba
7. (a) IS PROJECT LOCATED NEAR WATER CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, TIDAL SALTWATER, (SA),
HIGH QUALITY WATERS (HQW), OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS (ORW), WATER
SUPPLY (WS-I OR WS-II)? YES X NO IF YES, EXPLAIN: Class C - trout.
(b) IS THE PROJECT LOCATED WITHIN A NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL
MANAGEMENT AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEC)? YES ? NO X
(c) IF THE PROJECT IS LOCATED WITHIN A COASTAL COUNTY (SEE PAGE 7 FOR LIST OF
COASTAL COUNTIES), WHAT IS THE LAND USE PLAN (LUP) DESIGNATION?
8. (a) HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON THIS
PROJECT? YES ? NO X IF YES, PROVIDE ACTION I.D. NUMBER OF PREVIOUS PERMIT AND
ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (INCLUDE PHOTOCOPY OF 401 CERTIFICATION):
(b) ARE ADDITIONAL PERMIT REQUESTS EXPECTED FOR THIS PROPERTY IN THE FUTURE?
YES 0 NO X IF YES, DESCRIBE ANTICIPATED WORK:
9. (a) ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBERS OF ACRES IN TRACT OF LAND: 0_1
(b) ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS LOCATED ON PROJECT SITE:
0.0
10. (a) NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT BY:
FILLING: EXCAVATION:
FLOODING: OTHER :
DRAINAGE : TOTAL ACRES TO BE IMPACTED: 0.0
(b) (1) STREAM CHANNEL TO BE IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT (IF RELOCATED,
PROVIDE DISTANCE BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER RELOCATION:
LENGTH BEFORE: 60 FT AFTER: FT
WIDTH BEFORE (based on normal high water contours): 10 FT
AVERAGE DEPTH BEFORE: 0.5 FT AFTER: FT
(b) (2) STREAM CHANNEL IMPACTS WILL RESULT FROM: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
OPEN CHANNEL RELOCATION: PLACEMENT OF PIPE IN CHANNEL: X
CHANNEL EXCAVATION: CONSTRUCTION OF A DAM/FLOODING:
OTHER:
11. IF CONSTRUCTION OF A POND IS PROPOSED, WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE WATERSHED
DRAINING TO THE POND? N/A WHAT IS THE EXPECTED POND SURFACE AREA?
12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK INCLUDING DISCUSSION OF TYPE OF MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT TO BE USED? (ATTACH PLANS; 81/2 BY 1 I DRAWINGS ONLY)
We propose to replace the existing timber bridge (16'x 20') with one flat bottom arch nine (128"x83")
with concrete headwall on the inlet. The total pipe length will be 60 linear feet. The culvert invert will be
installed below existingstreambed to insure aquatic life passage within the stream. Mechanical equipment
may include excavator, crane, and trucks.
13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: To replace a bridge in poor condition with an arch pipe.
14. STATE REASONS WHY IT IS BELIEVED THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE CARRIED OUT IN
WETLANDS (INCLUDE ANY MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND IMPACTS)
N/A
15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND/OR
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF ANY FEDERALLY
LISTED OR PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES OR CRITICAL
HABITAT IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT.
DATE CONTACTED: N/A
16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA
WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED N/A.
17. DOES THE PROJECT INVOLVE AN EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR THE USE OF PUBLIC
(STATE) LAND? YES X NO E] (IF NO, GO TO 16)
(a) IF YES, DOES THE PROJECT REQUIRE PREPARATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL
DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT? YES ? NO X
(b) IF YES, HAS THE DOCUMENT BEEN REVIEWED THROUGH THE NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE YES ? NO ?
IF ANSWER 17b IS YES, THEN SUBMIT APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION FROM THE STATE
CLEARINGHOUSE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT.
QUESTIONS REGARDING THE STATE CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW PROCESS SHOULD BE
DIRECTED TO MS. CHRYS BAGGETT, DIRECTOR STATE CLEARINGHOUSE, NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION, 116 WEST JONES STREET, RALEIGH,
NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003, TELEPHONE (919) 733-6369.
18. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THIS APPLICATION IF PROPOSED
ACTIVITY INVOLVES THE DISCHARGE OF EXCAVATED OR FILL MATERIAL INTO
WETLANDS: N/A
(a) WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, LAKES, AND
PONDS ON THE PROPERTY (FOR NATIONWIDE PERMIT NUMBERS 14, 18, 21, 26, 29, AND 38).
ALL STREAM (INTERMITTENT AND PERMANENT) ON THE PROPERTY MUST BE SHOWN ON
THE MAP. MAP SCALES SHOULD BE 1 INCH EQUALS 50 FEET OF 1 INCH EQUALS 100 FEET
OF THEIR EQUIVALENT.
(b) IF AVAILABLE, REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE IMPACTED BY
PRODUCT.
(c) IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA SHEETS
RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE.
(d) ATTACH A COPY OF THE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IF REQUIRED.
(e) WHAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY?
(f) IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?
SIGNED AND DATED AGENT AUTHORIZATION LETTER, IF APPLICABLE.
NOTE: WETLANDS OR WATERS OF THE US MAY NOT BE IMPACTED PRIOR TO:
1. ISSUANCE OF A SECTION 404 CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT,
2. EITHER THE ISSUANCE OR WAIVER OF A 401 DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
CERTIFICATION, AND
3. (IN THE TWENTY COASTAL COUNTIES ONLY), A LETTER FROM THE NORTH
CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT STATING THE PROPOSED
ACTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE NORTH ?AROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
n n „PROGRAM, "/,
ti V ,u.ltit?
OWIQER'S/AGENW SIGNATURE DATE
(AGENT'S SIGNATURE VALID ONLY
IF AUTHORIZATION LETTER FROM
THE OWNER IS PROVIDED).
,2933
f
s a?„•; !
ly,
TI r??
i
QTL
?\\' ? O ??-'lam-? ' 1111 v C 1 ? 'y
-'r`te-?- i? ! ???.. ? : ? - ? , _ ? r _ \ ?? / .? ?, ?? JJ ? ?/ P ` .? r ? '•1 > .' ?_i ,?
j?l?O
a 1, a Q `
I .. ` ?t ,i' it -11 . 11. `.. \'. •'.;t. ? '. - J=am ---? ?-.
x OJE?
?O h isoc R CT AREA
Location Map: Bridge #118, SR 1560, McDowell County, NC (Ashford
Quadrangle, Scale 1:24000).
t
C
z Y-
z
f Q
B
U R K E
O
m W w W
u CD K
a
Z
Q ._.s .7 ,•, dN/7 k
y ?SS,lB c
r
J
,SSeIA .Qy ? ?
- N
a
- SV .2 N N
S •?
?S
N
_ . sYd f 4 lA
OD
Z ~
C\l
c M N
L) " 03
n
d
• ?\ J
V J z
`?
O
C?' y7
V Z
O,n Zj
` 'L
4
.L b or o
J i
Y
- Z
d OD Ley.
WO V
m.
(
7
J/ F ,,,
- `'
CV
N ~J V . _ ??
,Oo,ZB
o•
z ? .. to
0'L
On
` ?.X dYd
{
?? D
3NId 3?lIMdS 01 :
Y'
• G
I
0 ,
M
?N
O?
pbOly.
pl a
,SS,IB
N.
/ ' 1 y
N
N
pp
D
5
'
7
,ygP
CATP
_? 1 s+ FS
NORTH FOR
t
ry -
vl ? SYd L
€ z
? °
O /
V
a ?? 3 dYd ? 3
R r F'e •'? c OM1 •C L .2 i 9
to o
M ?, .? .-. .. i
N
0
0
o°
+
O O
O O N v O
0 ?9
-0
6
-u 0
O o O O m uZ, z
r
= N r
n
Y C
j Y
O
Z m
Z°
N Z
H
GJ
II if w,
A p -Fl
yn
F Z
y~
F O O
V1
0.
a
p ,y
C
" m A O
ca F
A
J
D CCo y
O A A
O O
Z z
T
m
y
m n --?
K
r ?
n
0 m
m m CO
NQ
?0
cm
0 z m
c rr n
rn
?m
'iC Wo
o
?a g3 -q ?
A ao ; ?
xo m z
o
W
?
p\
o? 9
m z n
O O m
G ?
m D
Oa°
T ••
D
C
z
? Z
u m
? O
M v
rrrr O
o?
z
A
to
?O
O
0
X O
U
m
o
N o z
°
N
m
z
O
A
m
O
z
O
v
-Di o r
m C zz
5
r
m
X
? o g
D O y
{ ? 7v
O F U
O 01
N
n
O
p
C C
Z
0
n D
N r
D r
O N
D ?
N 0
U1 =
cn a 0
m
?r
a c:
w (" )
co =
\
z
z
a
z
?\ o
??Ir
u?u
wg??
c
oa \
m
or ?
?o
7
m
ti
c
r
D ? p \ C7
'.'? s? \ r0 \ a C
cN \ 00
0 C
X \
m c
w
n \
N
MAGNETIC JANUARY 2001