19981265 Ver 1_Complete File_19981116

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
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NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
December 31, 1998
New Hanover County
DWQ Project # 981265
R-2633CA
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, NC, 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those
listed below, to conduct foundation loadtests at Rat Island in association with the
Wilmington Bypass over the Northeast Cape Fear River, as you described in your
application dated 2 November 1998 (received 16 November 1998). After reviewing
your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by General Water Quality
Certification Number 3127. This certification allows you to use Nationwide Permit
Number 6 when the Corps of Engineers issues it. In addition, you should get any
other federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project including
(but not limited to) Sediment and Erosion Control, Non-Discharge and Water Supply
Watershed regulations. This approval will expire when the accompanying 404 permit
expires unless otherwise specified in the General Certification.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your
application. If you change your project, you must notify us and to send us a new
application. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this
Certification and approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying with all
conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future) exceed one
acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H.0506
(h) (6) and (7). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in
the attached certification.
Division of Water Quality • Non-Discharge Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Rd., Raleigh, NC 27607 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer • 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper
December 31, 1998
New Hanover County
DWQ Project # 981265
R-2633CA
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an
adjudicatory hearing. You must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this
letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition which conforms to Chapter 150B of
the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O.
Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. This certification and its conditions are final
and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section
401 of the Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone John Dorney
or Cyndi Bell at 919-733-1786.
Sincerely, n
A. Preston Howard, Jr. P.E.
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Wilmington Field Office
Wilmington DWQ Regional Office
Central Files
981265
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. F.O.13OX 25201, RALEIGH. N.C. 22611-5201 E. NORRIS TOLSON
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
November 2,1199S-_--,'
Mr. Scott McLendon
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Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers M<<°?1?t?' ?'
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890?? f
Dear Mr. McLendon:
SUBJECT: New Hanover County, Bridge on US 17 Wilmington Bypass over the
Northeast Cape Fear River, TIP No. R-2633CA, State Project 8.U250901
The N.C. Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposed in its January 7, 1998
application to construct the Wilmington Bypass from US Route 421 (US 421) to
approximately 5,800 feet east of Interstate 40 (I-40). The NCDOT's Soils and
Foundation Design Section proposes to conduct a foundation loadtest on R-2633CA. The
foundation loadtest will occur on Rat Island and in the east channel of the Northeast Cape
Fear River. The loadtest will provide information on the existing subsurface conditions
at the site in order to design the most economical bridge and uncover any potential
construction problems associated with the site and its geology.
The foundation loadtest plan consists of three elements: geotechnical tests and tests
performed at Test Areas 1 and 2. Geotechnical tests involve SPT borings and CPT,
dilatometer, and vane shear tests. Test Areas 1 and 2 include lateral statnamic, Osterberg
Cell, and lateral static tests. Specific activities conducted during the proposed work
include drilling drilled piers with bentonite slurry; constructing a reinforced concrete cap;
driving, extracting, and re-driving steel piles; and advancing and extracting pre-stressed
concrete (PSC) piles. Please see the enclosed foundation loadtest plan for more details on
the type of work proposed.
The foundation loadtest impacts 0.002 acres of waters of the United States. Measures
taken to minimize the impacts include performing construction from barges and
temporary platforms, accessing the site via water, demolishing all aboveground
structures, and the absence of dredging activities.
The NCDOT hereby applies for a Nationwide 6 permit for the proposed foundation
loadtest. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Gordon Cashin at 919-
733-7844 extension 278.
Sincerely,
, ?('0?. , "C;?. e"? L , ,-"e.
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Mr. David Franklin, COE, Wilmington
Mr. John Dorney, DWQ, DENR
Mr. John Parker, DCM, DENR
Mr. Bob Stroud, DCM, DENR
Mr. John Hefner, USFWS
Mr. David Cox, NCWRC
Mr. Ron Sechler, NMFS
Mr. N.L. Graf, P.E., FHWA
w/out encl.
Mr. Scott Hidden, P.E., Soils and Foundation Design
Mr. A.L. Hankins, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Len Hill, P.E., Highway Design Branch
Mr. Whit Webb, P.E., Program Development Branch
Mr. Tom Shearin, P.E., Roadway Design Unit
Mr. J.D. Bowers, P.E., Division 3 Engineer
Ms. Leigh Lane, Project Planning Engineer
FOUNDATION LOADTEST PLAN
R-2633CA
BRIDGE OVER NE CAPE FEAR RIVER
US 17 WILMINGTON BYPASS
NEW HANOVER COUNTY
Primary Goals
1. To develop unit tip bearing and skin friction values for use in design of the drilled
shafts for axial capacity.
2. To develop lateral capacities for use in the design of the drilled shafts for ship impact
in the East Channel.
3. To develop lateral capacities for the alluvial soils and muck for the design of the
approach span structures.
4. Learn about potential construction problems associated with this specific site and
geology.
Significant Cost Saving Areas:
1. Primarily, expect a reduction in drilled shaft lengths due to increased axial capacities
and a reduced factor of safety (increased level of confidence). A reduction in shaft
diameters may also be possible depending on drilled shaft lateral capacities.
2. Possibly, expect to utilize pre-stressed concrete (PSC) piles for the approach span
structures as opposed to drilled shafts. This will not only depend upon the loadtest
results but also upon scour elevations.
3. Also, expect to reduce potential for claims and costs associated with construction of
the foundations.
Geotechnical Testing
Sequence and Description of Tests-
1. SPT borings at each NCHRP Group location, drilled shafts location, PSC piles
location.
2. CPT testing with pressuremeter at each NCHRP Group location and the PSC piles
location.
3. Dilatometer testing at each NCHRP Group location and the PSC piles location.
4. Vane shear testing on Rat Island.
Test Area 1
Sequence and Description of Tests-
1. Lateral statnamic test on NCHRP Group (approximately 80,000 lb. test) on Rat Island
to test muck.
2. Series of Osterberg Cell tests on the two 84" drilled shafts without the cap to test
axial capacities. One shaft would tip in hard clay and would contain two 3000 ton
cells (one at the bottom and one in the dense sand). The other shaft would tip in
dense sand and contain one 3000 ton cell at the bottom.
3. Lateral static test on NCHRP Group on Rat Island by pulling drilled shafts and group
together to test muck.
4. Lateral static test on NCHRP single piles by pushing apart for comparison to the
group.
5. Lateral statnamic test on the two 84" drilled shafts with the cap (approximately
120,000 lb. test) to test lateral capacities of the dense sand (Pedee Formation).
Test Area 2
Sequence and Description of Tests-
l. Driving, restriking and PDA measurements on both the 30" PSC square pile with a
steel H-pile stinger and a 36" PSC cylinder pile. Pile lengths would range from 70 to
110 feet. Hammer energies required are expected to range from 120 to 160 ft-kips.
Jetting and drilling during driving would be expected in order to advance the cylinder
pile as far as possible into the Pedee formation. The 30" PSC pile would be pulled
after driving to observe the condition of the pile.
2. Lateral static test on the PSC piles by pushing them apart and using NCDOT frame to
test loose alluvial soils.
3. Lateral statnamic test on NCHRP Group (approximately 80.000 lb. test) to test loose
alluvial soils.
4. Lateral static test on NCHRP single piles by pushing apart for comparison to the
group.
Additional Comments and Details
1. Test Area 2 may be moved to deeper water if during geotechnical testing phase it is
found that the proposed location has shallower than expected water.
2. We expect to have 5 barges and 2 cranes to perform this construction.
3. The drilled shafts and the concrete piles (if they can not be removed) will be left in
place for demolition during the actual bridge construction.
4. Bentonite slurry will be used during the construction of the drilled shafts. All
applicable permits will be obtained by the contractor for the slurry use prior to
beginning construction.
5. A temporary work platform will be constructed on the banks of Rat Island in order to
perform the lateral statnamic on the NCHRP Group in Test Area 1. All other work
will be performed from barges. Site access will be by water from either down or up
river.
Item 12 - Description of proposed work.
Foundation Loadtest Plan will include the following-
1. Drilling 2 2.13 m diameter drilled piers. The drilled piers will be drilled with
bentonite slurry and all cuttings, as well as the slurry, will be disposed of off site.
Fresh water for the bentonite slurry will be drawn from either a well onsite or piped in
from off site. 2.13 in diameter steel casing will be used during drilling and remain in
place during testing. The steel casing will extend from the top of the each pier to
elevation -11 m.
2. Constructing a reinforced concrete cap. The bottom of the cap will be at
approximately elevation 0 m and the top of the cap will be at approximately elevation
5 m. According to the US Army Corps of Engineers' control tide station located in
Wilmington, NC, the mean high water elevation for the NE Cape Fear River is .85 m.
The cap and the drilled piers will be demolished and removed down to the mudline by
blasting after completion of testing.
3. 8 .27 m diameter steel piles will be driven, extracted and driven again in two different
locations. 4 other .27 m diameter steel piles will be driven, extracted and redriven in
three different locations. In some cases, the steel piles may be vibrated in. All the
steel piles will be extracted and removed from the site after completion of testing.
4. One .76 m square pre-stressed concrete pile and one .91 in pre-stressed concrete
cylinder pile will be driven. Methods to advance the piles to the required depth may
include jetting while driving, pre-jetting and augering while driving. The square pile
will have a steel pile stinger on the end approximately 3.5 meters in length. The
square pile will be extracted and removed from the site after completion of testing.
The cylinder pile will be demolished and removed by blasting or cutting down to the
mudline after completion of testing.
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
RALEIGH
FOUNDATION LOADTEST PLAN
IN EAST CHANNEL
NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR RIVER
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DEM ID:
CORPS ACTION ID: 199603552
NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT #): 06
PRE-CONSTRUCTION NOTIFICATION APPLICATION
FOR NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE:
1) NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
2) APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION
3) COORDINATION WITH THE NC DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
SEND THE ORIGINAL AND (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED FORM TO THE APPROPRIATE
FIELD OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET).
SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). PLEASE PRINT.
1. OWNERS NAME: NC Dept. of Transportation; Planning & Environmental
2. MAILING ADDRESS: Post Office Box 25201
SUBDIVISION NAME;
CITY: Raleigh STATE: NC ZIP CODE:
PROJECT LOCATION ADDRESS, INCLUDING SUBDIVISION NAME
FROM MAILING ADDRESS ABOVE):
GJGV1
(IF DIFFERENT
3. TELEPHONE NUMBER (HOME):
(WORK): 919-733-3141
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL,
ADDRESS, PHONE NUMBER:
William D. Gilmore , P.E., Manager
5. LOCATION OF WORK (PROVIDE A MAP, PREFERABLY A COPY OF USGS
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY WITH SCALE):
COUNTY: New Hanover NEAREST TOWN OR CITY: Wilmington, NC
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.):
North of Wilmington, NC. Loadtest site is on Rat Island and east
of Rat Island in the east channel of Northeast Cape Fear River.
2
6. IMPACTED OR NEAREST STREAM/RIVER: _ Northeast Cape Fear River.
RIVER BASIN:
7a. IS PROJECT LOCATED NEAR WATER CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, TIDAL SALTWATER
(SA), HIGH QUALITY WATERS (HQW), OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS (ORW),
WATER SUPPLY (WS-I OR WS-II)? YES [ ] NO [X] IF YES, EXPLAIN:
7b. IS THE PROJECT LOCATED WITHIN A NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL
MANAGEMENT AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEC)?YES[X] NO[ ]
7c. IF THE PROJECT IS LOCATED WITHIN A COASTAL COUNTY (SEE PAGE 7 FOR
LIST OF COASTAL COUNTIES), WHAT IS THE LAND USE PLAN (LUP) DESIGNATION?
Yes. Rural.
8a. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON
THIS PROPERTY? YES [X] NO [ ] IF YES, PROVIDE ACTION I.D. NUMBER OF
PREVIOUS PERMIT AND ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (INCLUDE PHOTOCOPY OF 401
CERTIFICATION): Initial CWA §404/NEPA permit application (Action ID
199603552) for R-2633C was submitted on January 7, 1998. The proposed
foundation loadtest plan, R-2633CA, is included as part of R-2633C. The
Wilmington COE retired the January 7, 1998 permit application on August
17, 1998. CWA §404/NEPA permit application resubmitted on October ,
1998.
8b. ARE ADDITIONAL PERMIT REQUESTS EXPECTED FOR THIS PROPERTY IN THE
FUTURE? YES [X] NO [] IF YES, DESCRIBE ANTICIPATED WORK:
Additional permit request is resubmittel of CWA §404/NEPA permit
application for the construction of the Wilmington Bypass from US Route
421 (US 421) to approximately 5,800 feet east of Interstate 40 (I-40).
9a. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES IN TRACT OF LAND: 0.75
9b. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS LOCATED ON PROJECT
SITE:
0
3
10a. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT BY:
FILLING: 0 EXCAVATION: 0
FLOODING: 0 OTHER: 0
DRAINAGE: 0 TOTAL ACRES TO BE IMPACTED: 0
10b. (1) STREAM CHANNEL TO BE IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT (IF
RELOCATED, PROVIDE DISTANCE BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER RELOCATION):
LENGTH BEFORE: N/A FT AFTER: N/A FT

WIDTH BEFORE (based on normal high water contours): N/A FT

WIDTH AFTER: N/A FT
AVERAGE DEPTH BEFORE: N/A FT AFTER: N/A FT

(2) STREAM CHANNEL IMPACTS WILL RESULT FROM: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

OPEN CHANNEL RELOCATION: PLACEMENT OF PIPE IN CHANNEL:
CHANNEL EXCAVATION: CONSTRUCTION OF A DAM/F LOODING:
OTHER:
11. IF CONSTRUCTION OF A POND IS PROPOSED, WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE
WATERSHED DRAINING TO THE POND? N/A
WHAT IS THE EXPECTED POND SURFACE AREA? N/A
12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK INCLUDING DISCUSSION OF TYPE OF
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT TO BE USED (ATTACH PLANS: 8 1/2" X 11" DRAWINGS
ONLY): See attached description of proposed work and foundation
loadtest plan with maps.
13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: To learn about the existing subsurface
conditions at the site in order to design a more economical bridge.
4
14. STATE REASONS WHY IT IS BELIEVED THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE CARRIED
OUT IN WETLANDS. (INCLUDE ANY MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND
IMPACTS): No wetlands impacted. Subsurface conditions vary widely over
short distances. Consequently, loadtest must be performed where the
bridge will be constructed in order to get accurate design parameters.
Measures taken to minimize impacts to waters of the U.S.: no dredging, all
access is by water, no structures left in place above ground, and all
work over water and land will be performed from barges and temporary
platforms.
15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
(USFWS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (NMFS) (SEE AGENCY
ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF ANY FEDERALLY LISTED OR
PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES OR CRITICAL
HABITAT IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT.
DATE CONTACTED: USFWS - February 15, 1991. NMFS - February 15, 1991.
(ATTACH RESPONSES FROM THESE AGENCIES.)
16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC
PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED
PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED: SHPO's first response to NCDOT's contact in
letter dated March 19, 1991.
17. DOES THE PROJECT INVOLVE AN EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR THE USE
OF PUBLIC (STATE) LAND?
YES [X] NO [] (IF NO, GO TO 18)
a. IF YES, DOES THE PROJECT REQUIRE PREPARATION OF AN
ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT?
YES [X] NO []
b. IF YES, HAS THE DOCUMENT BEEN REVIEWED THROUGH THE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE?
YES [X] NO
5
IF ANSWER TO 17b IS YES, THEN SUBMIT APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION FROM THE
STATE CLEARINGHOUSE TO DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REGARDING
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT.
QUESTIONS REGARDING THE STATE CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW PROCESS SHOULD BE
DIRECTED TO MS. CHRYS BAGGETT, DIRECTOR STATE CLEARINGHOUSE, NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION, 116 WEST JONES STREET, RALEIGH,
NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003, TELEPHONE [phone].
18. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THIS APPLICATION IF
PROPOSED ACTIVITY INVOLVES THE DISCHARGE OF EXCAVATED OR FILL MATERIAL
INTO WETLANDS:
a. WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, LAKES
AND PONDS ON THE PROPERTY (FOR NATIONWIDE PERMIT NUMBERS 14, 18, 21,
26, 29, AND 38). ALL STREAMS (INTERMITTENT AND PERMANENT) ON THE
PROPERTY MUST BE SHOWN ON THE MAP. MAP SCALES SHOULD BE 1 INCH EQUALS
50 FEET OR 1 INCH EQUALS 100 FEET OR THEIR EQUIVALENT.
b. IF AVAILABLE, REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE
IMPACTED BY PROJECT.
C. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA
SHEETS RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE.
d. ATTACH A COPY OF THE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IF REQUIRED.
e. WHAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY? Rural, swampland.
f. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?
N/A
g. SIGNED AND DATED AGENT AUTHORIZATION LETTER, IF APPLICABLE.
NOTE: WETLANDS OR WATERS OF THE U.S. MAY NOT BE IMPACTED PRIOR TO:
1) ISSUANCE OF A SECTION 404 CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT,
2) EITHER THE ISSUANCE OR WAIVER OF A 401 DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (WATER QUALITY) CERTIFICATION, AND
3) (IN THE TWENTY COASTAL COUNTIES ONLY), A LETTER FROM THE
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT STATING THE PROPOSED
ACTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM.
L
OWNER'S/AGENT'S SIGNATURE DATE
6
(AGENT'S SIGNATURE VALID ONLY IF AUTHORIZATION LETTER FROM
THE OWNER IS PROVIDED (18g.))
AGENCY ADDRESSES
ENDANGERED SPECIES:
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
RALEIGH FIELD OFFICE
P.O. BOX 33726
RALEIGH, NC 27636-3726
TELEPHONE [phone]
HISTORIC RESOURCES:
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
HABITAT CONSERVATION DIVISION
PIVERS ISLAND
BEAUFORT, NC 28516
TELEPHONE [phone]
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
N.C. DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY
109 EAST JONES STREET
RALEIGH, NC 27601
TELEPHONE [phone]
STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES:
MR. JOHN DORNEY
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
4401 REEDY CREEK ROAD
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27607
TELEPHONE [phone]
CORPS OF ENGINEERS FIELD OFFICES:
RALEIGH REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
6508 FALLS OF THE NEUSE ROAD,
SUITE 120
RALEIGH, NC 27615
TELEPHONE [phone]
WASHINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
POST OFFICE BOX 1000
WASHINGTON, NC 27689-1000
TELEPHONE [phone]
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
ASHEVILLE FIELD OFFICE
160 ZILLICOA STREET
ASHEVILLE, NC 28801
TELEPHONE[phone]
MR. STEVE BENTON
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
POST OFFICE BOX 27687
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27611-7687
TELEPHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
ASHEVILLE REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
151 PATTON AVENUE, ROOM 143
ASHEVILLE, NC 28801-5006
TELEPHONE [phone]
WILMINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
POST OFFICE BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NC 28402-1890
TELEPHONE [phone]
r SU I, _
3 T
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor
William W. Cobcy, Jr., Secretary
MEMORANDUM
TO: Chrys Baggett
state clearinghouse
FROM: Melba McGee
Project Review Coordinator
RE: 91-0591 - Scoping. Wilmington Bypass
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties
DATE: March 25, 1991
Douglas G. Lewis
Director
Planning and Assessment
The Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
has reviewed the Department of Transportation's (DOT) scoping
notice to construct the Wilmington Bypass in Brunswick and New
Hanover Counties. The information that was circulated for review
was not sufficient to evaluate potential environmental impacts of
this project. However, our review efforts did raise a number of
specific issues that will need to be fully addressed in the
proposed EIS.
In reviewing our comments it is evident that DOT's
preliminary selection of bypass corridors will have impacts of
the environment. There is concerns with potential impacts on
wetlands, water quality, and on rare, threatened and endangered
species. These are critical issues that deserve specific
attention in the EIS. Comments also indicate that mitigation
will be required for wetland loss and implementation of stringent
sediment control measure is necessary to help minimize impacts
from highway construction. If these issues are anticipated, then
every effort must be made to address them early on.
Thank you for the opportunity to
welcome the opportunity to work with
Transportation throughout all phases
MM: bb
Attachments
respond. Our divisions
the Department of
of this project.
'
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1
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J

Y?w? o. co
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
N.C. Division of Highways
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Dear Mr. Vick:
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
Southeast Regional Office
9721 Executive Center Drive N.
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
February 20, 1997
C?
Ff8 a o ,o
z - 97
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has reviewed the Federal Supplemental Draft
Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) for the Wilmington Bypass, 1-40 to US 421, New
Hanover County, North Carolina, Federal-Aid Project No. STPNHF-17(1), State Project No.
8.U250901, TIP No R-2633C. The proposed project is to provide a northern bypass of the City of
Wilmington.
G=eral C,Qnu1L is -
The SDEIS is confusing regarding the impacts of the two alternatives on riverine wetlands adjacent
to the Northeast Cape Fear River. It is difficult to determine the differences in the impacts of the two
proposed alternatives. The SDEIS should be revised to clarify the impacts of each alternative on
riverine wetlands.
We are also concerned that the costs of bridging wetlands versus mitigating for wetland losses
associated with filled causeways is inadequately addressed. The Southern Alternative would cost
an additional $25 million dollars to bridge all wetlands. However, the additional costs for
mitigating dir 'toss cf 25 acres of high quality wetlands, if a bridge is not constructed, is not
addressed. These additional mitigation costs should be considered if costs are to be used as basis
to justify one alternative versus another.
The SDEIS identifies 12 additional highway projects involving wetland losses in the vicinity of this
project. Given this large number of projects in the Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear Rivers area,
we believe that a comprehensive assessment of cumulative wetland losses should be a part of the
National Environmental Policy Act documents for all projects in this area.

I
I

S.pvcific Comments
2.0 ALTERNATIVE
2.3 TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND COST ESTIMATES
2.3.3. Cost Estimates
Page -34, par?ph2. This Paragraph and Table 2.8 on page 2-35 address the costs associated with
the project. It is inappropriate to discuss project costs or develop a table depicting costs that
excludes the costs of bridging wetlands and mitigating wetland losses. Pursuant to the 1990
Memorandum of Agreement between the Department of the Army and the Environmental Protection
Agency regarding mitigation and the Clean Water Act, wetland avoidance, minimization, and
mitigation are a part of the permit process. Therefore, the costs of these activities should be included
as a basis for comparing alternatives. The SDEIS should be revised to more clearly identify all costs
associated with each alternative.
3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
3.3 EXISTING NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
3.3.1 Biotic Communities
Table 3.13 INVENTORY OF EXISTING BIOTIC COMMUNITIES
Page 352. We recommend that this table be revised to more clearly demonstrate that the total
wetland losses include 25 acres of fill in riverine wetlands adjacent to the Northeast Cape Fear River.
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCE
4.2 IMPACTS TO THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 Hydrology and Drainage
4.2.1.1 River and Stream Crossings
page- 4-24- p.aragraph-4. This section states that a bridge length of 730 feet (Table 4.4) would
maintain existing drainage patterns. However, it does not address changes in drainage patterns in
the adjacent riverine wetlands that would result from the extensive wetland fill approaches required
if a 730-foot-long bridge is used.
4.3.3 Aquatic and Fisheries Resources
Page-f2,-paragraph-1. The assessment of impacts in this section does not consider the impact of
lost wetland functions and values on fishery resources. The SDEIS should be revised to address the
impacts of loss of water quality maintenance and habitat functions resulting from the wetland losses.
A discussion of the restoration of these functions through a compensatory mitigation plan should
also be included in the document.
4.3.4 Protected Species
4.3.4.4 Fish
Page-4--6i-paragraph-5. This section addresses impacts on the endangered shortnos
the roles of various agencies in addressing these impacts. However, it does not identify e sturgeon and
as the lead federal agency responsible for this species. The NMFS's responsibilities for the reviewing
NMFS
permit applications pursuant to the Clean Water Act also should be listed.
4.4 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS
4.4.4 Biotic Communities
Page- ipb-5• This section inadequately addresses the impacts of the wide range of brid e
construction alternatives that could be used. For example, construction techniques may ran
the placement of tem o g
p mry fill roads in wetlands to dredging canals for barge access. The wetland
impacts of all available bridge construction techniques, including top-down cons
addressed. traction, should be
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these comments.
Sincerely,
L L
'?* e -
Andreas Mager, Jr.
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division
11

CC:
CS/EC - Wieting
FWS, ATLA, GA
FWS, Raleigh, NC
EPA, ATLA, GA
NCDEHNR, Raleigh, NC
NCDEHNR, Morehead City, NC
COE, Wilmington, NC
F/SEO13
F/SE021
"It
,? 1 L
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
N. C. Division of Highways
P. O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Dear Mr. Vick:
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OP COMMEIaC;fi
Natlanal Oceenla end Atrrtompherlc AdminlatrEl'I:Itan
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
Southeast Regional Office
9721 Executive Center Drive N.
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
April 18, 1995
APR 2 4 1995
M ?ryrSICN OF .
G?F? I HWAYS P?
1'lRONM'E?
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NINES) has reviewed the Federal Draft Environmental
Impact Statement (DEIS) for Wilmington Bypass, I-40 to US 421, New Hanover County,
Federal-Aid Project No. STP-17(1), State Project No. 8.U250901, TIP No. R-2633C. The
proposed project is to provide a northern bypass of the City of Wilmington between 1-40 and US
421. The following comments are provided for your consideration.
The preferred (southern) alternative is a part of the Greater Wilmington Urban Area
Transportation Plan (GWUATP). This plan ultimately involves multiple projects potentially
impacting hundreds of acres of wetlands. The NMFS is concerned that the DFIS does not
address the cumulative impact of the GWUATP on fishery resources and it is recommended that
the DEIS be revised to provide this information.
Under the preferred alternative, 7,500 linear feet of filled causeway would be constructed in
wetlands. The cost of bridging these wetlands is discussed, but the cost of mitigating for lost
wetlands is not. This information is needed to balance the true cost of bridge versus causeway
construction.
Lastly, the DEIS is inadequate regarding the consideration of mitigation options. Specifically,
the purchase and preservation of wetlands is thc only mitigation measure considered. The DEIS
should be eM=ded to describe a broader range of potential mitigation options such as wetland
restoration and enhancement.
nted on Recycled Paper
4 w-0,
V-121)
2.0 ALTERNATIVES
2.2 ALTERNATIVES REVIEWED FOR EIWIRONME NTAL CONSEQUENCES
2.2.2 Construction Alternatives EQUENC]ES
2.2.2.1 History of Feasible Alternatives Development
page 2-14, paragraph 5 - This section concludes that environmental conditions west of the
terminus of the proposed project would not preclude future extension of the bypass. This
Paragraph understates the environmental impacts related to the future extension of the
Wilmington Bypass and does not consider cumulative wetland losses associated with the
complete project. Therefore, the basis for this conclusion should be clarified.
.2.3 TRAFFIC. OPERATIONS AND COST ESTWATFS
2.3.3 Cost Estimates ' `
Page 2-33, paragraph 6 - Avoidance and minimization of wetland impacts will reduce mitigation
requirements and the costs associated with mitigation. Accordingly, the DE3IS should be revised
to provide a detailed explanation of costs and savings associated with bridging wetlands.
3.0 AFFECTED ,ENVMONMENT
3.3 EXISTING NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
3.3.3 Aquatic and Fisheries Resources
Page 3-499 paragraph 3 - The DEIS states that the Northeast Cape Fear River is designated by
the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries as a primary nursery area for estuarine
'T'his section should be expanded to address the nursery habitat value of the project area's
wooded swamps and riverine habitats as secondary nursery areas for anadromous .species.
3.3.4 Protected Species
3.3.4.4 Fish
Page 3-61, paragraph 1 - We agree that the endangered shortnose, sturgeon (Acipenser
brevirostru) is a likely inhabitant in the Northeast Cape Fear River. Therefore, in accordance
with the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, it is the responsibility of the appropriate
federal regulatory agency to review its activities and programs and to identify any activity or
programs that may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitat. Due to the possible
presence of protected species, consultation with our Protected Species Management Branch at
the letterhead address, must be initiated. If it is determined that these activities may adversely
affect any species listed as endangered or threatened, then formal consultation is required.
¦
4.0 ENVIRONAIENTAL CONSEQUENCES
This chapter should be expanded to include a section addressing the cumulative wetland losses
associated with the multiple roadway improvements identified in Section 1.4, PLANNED AND
PROGRAMbM ROAD DOROVEM ENTS. Whereas, this DEIS only covers one of many
highway projects, the cumulative impacts of multiple projects in the Wilmington area should be
addressed.
4.2 IldPACI'S TO THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 Hydrology and Drainage
4.2.1.1 River and Stream Crossings
Page 4-15, paragraph 3 - A 72-inch culvert is proposed for the crossing of Ness Creek. The
DEIS should address the adequacy of this size culvert for the passage of anadromous species that
utilize the habitats of Ness Creek. Also, the DEIS should address the impacts of all proposed
culverts on upstream access for anadromous fish that utilize the project area as habitat.
Sincerely,
Andreas Mager, Jr.
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
(? C ??• J National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
"? •""°+ Southeast Regional Office
s FF9 +' 9450 Koger Boulevard
St. Petersburg, FL 33702
G S-Y/
4• ;? v;?, February 25, 1991 F/SER21/RSS
919/728-5090
Mr . I,.--J :Ward, P. E . , Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
N. C. Department of Transportation
P. O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
Please reference your February 15, 1991, letter requesting our
input in the development of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
for the proposed Wilmington.-Bypass; Brunswick and New Hanover
Counties, N.C., State Project No. 6.258001T; TIP No. R-2633. We
have reviewed the information provided with your letter and offer
the following comments. •
The preliminary alternative corridors depicted in your letter would
cross the Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear River. These rivers
and their tributaries and adjacent wetlands provide habitat for a
variety of anadromous and estuarine dependent fishery resources.
Alternative highway and bridge alignments under study, cross
wetlands and water that support both commercially and
recreationally important fisheries. Therefore, we recommend that
the EIS include the following:
1. The EIS should address bridge and highway alignment
alternatives that will avoid and minimize wetland losses.
2. The EIS should describe the location, species, and acreage of
wetlands potentially impacted by the highway alignment alternatives
considered.
3. The EIS should provide a description of the aquatic organisms
found in the project area and an assessment of the impacts of the
project's alternatives on these resources.
4. The EIS should describe construction alternatives that wito
minimize wetland
avoid loss of these important resources.
5. The alternative analysis in the EIS should demonstrate that
the recommended alternative also represents the least
environmentally damaging alternative.
s

6. Bridge construction often requires
access roads and/or excavation of channels
access. The EIS should address the impact
temporary filling for
for barge-construction
on wetlands and fishery
3 '
-2-
resources of any construction related temporary wetland losses or
fishery habitat alternations.
7. If, after avoidance and minimization of wetland involvement,
the selected alternative requires unavoidable wetland losses, the
EIS should provide a mitigation plan to compensate for wetlands
lost. Unless compensation for wetland losses is incorporated as a
part of the project, we will likely recommend against the issuance
of a Corps of Engineers' Section 10/404 permit for the project.
8. The Cape Fear River supports a population of the endangered
shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) for which we are
responsible. Accordingly, you should contact Dr. Terry Henwood of
our endangered species staff at Protected Species Management
Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional
Office, 9450 Koger Boulevard, St. Petersburg, Florida 33702,
telephone number 813/893-3503.
The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries is an excellent and
reliable source of data concerning specific fishery resources in
the project area. A representative of our Beaufort field office is
available to discuss National Marine Fisheries Service concerns at
any time during this process.
Sinc ly our ,
An eas Mager, .
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division
United States Department of the Interior
o ?---- vm
s FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
?4,4C 116 Raleigh. North Carolina 27636.3726 r
A Z.
L
March 28, 1997 pm G
? 199i
Colonel Terry R. Youngbluth
District Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Attention: Scott McLendon, Regulatory Branch
Dear Colonel Youngbluth.
This is the report of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(Se.rvice) on Public Notice (PN) ID #199403552, dated February
27, 1997. The North Carolina Department of Transportationto
(NCDOT) has applied for a,Department of the Army (DOA) permit fill jurisdictional wetlands in conjunction with the
construction of a portion of the Wilmington Bypass, New Hanover
County, North Carolina (TIP No. R-2633C). The PN states that
two alternatives are under consideration and that wetland losses
are estimated to range from 130 acres (Southern Alternative) to
116 acres (Central Alternative). The PN requests comments on
these alternatives. This report is submitted in accordance with
the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as
amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d), and Section 7 of the Endangered
Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). It
is to be used in your determination of compliance with the
Environmental Protection Agency's 404(b) (1) Guidelines (40 CFR
230) and in your public interest review (33 CFR 320.4) as they
relate to protection of fish and wildlife resources.
According to information provided in the PN,
to construct a four-lane, divided freeway on
new location. Both build alternatives would
interchanges at US 421, US 117/NC133, and I-
alternatives would require a new bridge•.over
Fear River.
the NCDOT proposes
about 7.8 miles of
provide
40. Both build
the Northeast Cape
The wetlands in the project area represent very valuable fish
and wildlife habitat. The proposed project would produce
permanent losses of tidal freshwater marsh, tidal cypress-gum
swamp, pocosin wetlands, freshwater bottomland hardwood forest,
and wet pine flatwoods. The Service strongly recommends that
the District Engineer ensure that this project does not result
in any loss of the many functions and values provided by the
wetlands in the project area, especially the riverine areas
adjacent to the Northeast Cape Fear River. We are concerned
that the alternative as currently designed have not incorporated
all practical measures to avoid and minimize wetland impacts.
Unavoidable losses should be mitigated to ensure that there is
no net loss of the functions and values provided by these
wetlands. The PN states that the NCDOT is investigating
mitigation opportunities in the project area. However, a
mitigation proposal is not ready,at this time. The Service has
stated in previous comments on NCDOT
projects that compensatory
mitigation should be developed early in the planning process.
The complete absence of a compensatory mitigation plan precludes
any realistic assessment of the long-term impacts or the project
on fish and wildlife resources.
The Service provided _vour o_-'ice with the comments of the
Department of interior, dated February 24, 1997, on potential
project impacts on federally protected species based on
information contained i^ the Supplemental Environmental T
Statement released in December 1996. The Service requested that
additional justification was required to support a determination
that the project was not likely to adversely affect the rough-
leaved loosestrife (L_vsimachia asperulaefolia) and Coole.y's
meadowrue (Thalictrum cooleyi). Therefore, the requirements of
Section 7 of the ESA have not been fulfilled at this time.
In summary, the Service believes that the proposed activities I
will have a significant ant irreversible adverse impact on fish
and wildlife resources. We feel that the NCDOT has inadequately '
addressed avoidance and minimization measures recommended by the
Service in previous comments on NCDOT projects. In the absence
of a revised alternative which would truly avoid and minimize
wetland impacts, the Service would recommend denial of a permit
for this project. The above findings and recommendations
constitute the report of the Service. In accordance with the '
procedural requirements of the 1992 4041'(q)', Memorandum of

I
Agreement, Part IV.3(a), we are advising you that the proposed
work may result in substantial and unacceptable impacts, to
acuatic resources of national importance.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this
public notice. Please advise us of any action taken by the
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers on this permit
application. If you have any questions regarding our comments,
you may contact Howard Hall at 919-856-4520, ext.27.
Sincerely,
1.
4ohn M. He her
Supervisor
FWS/R4:HHall:3/28/97:WP:A:2633c3a.397

United States Department of the Interior
J
ER-97/4
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND COMPLIANCE
Richard B. Russell Federal Building
75 spring street, S.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30903 Q C +
February 24, 1997
Nicholas L. Graf, P. E.
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, NC 27601
Dear Mr. Graf:
Ffe
rt AL?

The Department of the Interior has reviewed the Supplemental Draft
Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the Wilmington Bypass, I-
40 to US-421 in New Hanover County, NC, as requested. The Fish and
Wildlife Service (FWS) comments in this letter are provided in
accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended,
(16 USC 661-667d) and Sec. 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973,
as amended, .(16 USC 1531-1543).
The Department's comments on the DEIS for this project dated April
21, 1995, expressed concern that the overall Wilmington Bypass had
been divided into three segments. While each segment would have a
certain independent utility, the construction of a single segment
would dictate, to some degree, 'the alignment of other segments.
The construction of a single segment could serve as a justification
for the construction of other segments. While the FWS concurred
with an interagency agreement to resolve the segmentation issue by
the concurrent release of separate National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA) documents for the central and western sections of the
bypass, we believe that the three sections of the bypass are
interdependent and that a review of the overall bypass project
would have been facilitated by the preparation of a single NEPA
document.
The wetlands in the project area represent very valuable fish and
wildlife habitat. The proposed project would produce permanent
losses of tidal freshwater marsh, tidal cypress gum swamp, pocosin
wetlands, freshwater bottom land hardwood forest, and wet pine
flatwoods. We believe that every effort should be made to avoid
and minimize the permanent loss of these wetland areas, including
the bridging of all riparian wetlands. If unavoidable losses
occur, there should be sufficient compensation to ensure that there
is no net loss of the functions and values provided by these
wetlands.
u

Analysis of Alternatives
The SDEIS states (p. 2-15) that the western terminus of the project
would be I-40. There would be an interchange at the junction with
I-40. The document notes (p. 2-15) that the project termini "at I-
40 and US 421 are logical endpoints." However, a statement which
appears to occur only in the summary section (p. S-2) states that
a "5,800-foot extension east of I-40 is necessary to completely
develop the interchange movements.." Exhibit 8 of the Natural
Systems Technical Memorandum (NSTM), dated October 1996, shows the
eastern end of this extension in a wetland area. We question the
need for any interchange development to extend 1.1 mile from I-40
and whether the eastern end of this extension represents a true
"logical terminus" for transportation purposes between US 421 and
I-40.
The issue of termini for this project" concerns us because there
will be a desire to link adjacent sections of the project to these
points. Any work east of I-40 would restrict the alignment of the
segment which will be built from US 17 to I-40 (TIP No. R-2405).
Our comment on the 1995 DEIS noted that the upgrading of Sidbury
Road was an alternative to the new location corridors proposed by
the NCDOT. ' We recommend that the Final Environmental Impact
Statement (FEIS) fully explain the need for this 1.1-mile extension
and support the eastern end of the' extension as a logical terminus
for this project. We also recommend that the FEIS specifically
address the utility of the 1.1 mile extension in the event that 8-
2405 is not build or is designed to meet I-40 either north or south
of the interchange proposed for this project.
In reference to the other parts of the Wilmington Bypass, the SDEIS
notes (p. 2-15) that the two alternatives for this project would
"not restrict consideration of other alternatives." We disagree
with this statement. Any significant extension of the present
project on new location to the east of I-40 would seem to severely
restrict the range of alternatives which would be feasible for R-
2405, and would enhance the selection of a new location corridor
for the eastern portion of the overall Wilmington Bypass. Figure
2.3 indicates that the eastern terminus of R-2633C will join R-2405
and the western terminus of R-2633C will join R-2633A/B. The
overall goal of the project is to construct a single route to join
US 17 northeast and southwest of Wilmington. We believe that
current plans to connect these three segments will result in the
central segment, the subject of this SDEIS, controlling, to some
extent, the corridors of the eastern and western parts.
The SDEIS presents two alternatives, the southern and center
alternatives. Section 2 presents a detailed analysis of the
selection and justification of these alternatives. The document
2
does not give a preference between the alternatives. In the narrow
context of the single project considered in this SDEIS, the FWS
attended interagency meetings which worked to develop alternatives
for the central part of the overall bypass. We believe that the
analysis which led to the corridors between US 421 and I-40 is
adequate.
The FWS would like to provide comments on the final design features
and eventual alignment on the highway within the corridor selected.
We strongly recommend that the final design include features to
ensure that the project does not disrupt hydrological flow within
the project area. Furthermore, we recommend that the final design
includes measures to allow the passage of amphibians, reptiles, and
small mammals.
Wetland Losses and Mitigation
Section 3 presents a comprehensive discussion of the social and
natural environmental features of the project area. Table 3-13
(pp. 3-51/52) presents an outline of the biotic communities which
would be impacted by the project. The total wetland impacts, based
on a 300-foot right-of-way,-would be 133 and 118 acres for the
southern and center alternative, respectively. The FWS is
especially concerned that both alternatives would pass through the
proposed 2,800-acre conservation area along the Northeast Cape Fear
River. As noted in the SDEIS (p. 3-63), this area consists of
wetlands, bluffs, and buffer strips on both sides of the river.
Under the 404(b)(1) guidelines of the Environmental Protection
Agency, we understand that the NCDOT should first endeavor to
avoid, then minimize, and finally compensate for wetland losses of
the project. The SDEIS discusses (p. 4-61) "potential measures to
reduce impacts to wetlands." However, the document does not state
which, if any, measures will actually be used for the project.
While noting that bridging of the wetland along the Northeast Cape
Fear River would reduce wetland impacts, the NCDOT has apparently
only given "consideration" to this design feature. We recommend
that all feasible design features and construction techniques be
employed to minimize the permanent loss of wetlands. These
measures would include, at a minimum, steeper side slopes for fill,
the elimination of lateral drainage ditches, reduced median widths
through wetlands, and the bridging of riparian wetlands along the
Northeast Cape Fear River.
Despite all efforts for avoidance and minimization, this project is
likely to result in some permanent wetland losses. However, the
SDEIS does not present a fully developed plan for compensatory I
mitigation. The document indicates (p. 4-61) that a potential
mitigation site would be areas within a 2,800-acre tract along the
Northeast Cape Fear River which has been proposed as a conservation
area by the Wilmington District of the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineer. The FWS recognizes the high value of this area, but we
3
are concerned that compensation within this area may involve the
purchase of relatively undisturbed wetlands which could, in time,
be purchased by the Corps. The preservation of this area has been
designated as a separate fish and wildlife enhancement feature of
the Corps' dredging projects associated with the Wilmington
ship channel, and the Corps' proposal calls for the area to be used
for conservation purposes. Therefore, the FWS is concerned that
the use of parts of this tract by the NCDOT as compensation could
lead to a situation where two agencies were seeking to use the same
land in conjunction with two different projects. Furthermore,
compensatory mitigation within this area may rely exclusively on wetlands. The
the preservation ave reservati nos about relatively lcompensat compensatory
FWS would on plan
which relied entirely on preservation.
We strongly encourage locating disturbed and/degraded wetlands
along the lower Northeast Cape Fear River which could be restored
and/or enhanced. While preservation of existing wetlands can be an
important part of a comprehensive plan which is centered on
restoration and/or enhancement, the use,.of wetland preservation to
areas a ne? loss
compensate for the permanent loss of wetlands results
of the functions and values provided by
project will result in a net loss of wetland functions and values,
this loss should be documented in the FEIS.
Federally-listed Species
Section 4.3.4 of the SDEIS (pp. 4-62/65) discusses project impacts
3-56) that
on federally-protected species. The document notes (p•
habitat for two federally-endangered plants is available in the
project area. These are the rough-leaved loosestrife (1ysimacThe
asperulaefolia) and Cooley's meadowrue (Thalictrum cooleyi).
SDEIS states that "previous field surveys" indicate that these
species do not occur within the alternative corridors and concludes
that the project is not likely to adversely affect these species.
The protected species section of the October 1996 NSTM contain
similar language. Page 17 of the NSTM provides only a cursory
description of field survey methodologies and provides no specific
information on surveys for protected species. The FWS believes
that a more detailed justification for project impacts to these two
listed species should be provided.
The SDEIS concludes (p. 4-64) that the project is not *likely to
adversely affect the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), a
federally-endangered aquatic mammal. This conclusion is based, in
part, on the opinion that the project area is in the "extreme
northern range" of the species. Data have been published
ust souwhich
document manatees at the port facility in Wilmington, j of
the project area, and in the Northeast Cape F area River in Plater
county, several miles upriver from the project
the FWS regards the
instance is cited in the NSTM. Therefore,
project area to be within the summer range of the manatee. The
4
SaB.ZS does include a list of
Hhich could be used b Precautions for construction in areas
alC1DO by the pWS. Rigo=o sateen . This list was su
Project construction without to these Pitied to the
thout adverse conditions would
Z impacts to the senates.
In the strict sense of
believe that the develo corridor between I-40
US 4 2 1., we
southern alternatives are Pwent and analysis of thand a
er and
that "a project equate. However, the FWS is e center and
May restrict as the center section of the wi mingto«??
seat, the corridor analyses of
This is most a past to Bypass,
project for 1.1 miles ppa of in n the the east and
40. Proposed extension of the
this and 1-406(2) n as : (I') Part of the transportation The link betjustif
the wean U3
condition w would a not restrict corrfor
overall bypass,
Part of the or selection t tor eastern
The FWs considers
value as lisp the wetlands in the
and wildlife habitat. ,Project to have very high
Campensatary aiti tiara ?prehensiva
Of the faction and value ?fpravida on-site in-kind ply of
t'e v
T2140 Plan should rely and use preservation 2 ?o lY these on restorattiion Should be and/or enhancemen
dtvelopent
atlases' mitigation protect and augment the replacement Thm wetland functions and values should nut result in a ne?tlloes of
The consideration of federally-protected species neeft details and
used The document should describe additional
methodoly affect in their determination that the the survey
in the endangered plant project would not
project area. The document species with suitable habitat
In th es o occur a the should also acknowl
ma.nate may commit to the strict application area during the warmer months Land
supplied by the FWS. of he protective measures
Thank you for the
Thank mental draft opportunity to review and comment
resources a EIS' Questions on this
Y be directed to the Fish and dlife Service, Rale i h
Field Office, at P. Telephone: 919/8 P. 7.0. Box 33726, Raleigh,' NC Raleigh
56-483
' FAX: [phone]-3726;
CC:
be c :
M - ,Fsdklin Vick, p, E,
NC Dept , of Trans
P. D• Box 35201 ation
Raloigh, NC 27611
OEPC, WASO
FWS-ES, RO
FWS, Raleigh
Sincerely,
James H. Lee
Regional Environmental Officer
5
I
-7,` r- ?
h,t Goo (31?i50 -
United States Department of the Interior
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240
ER-95/191
Mr. Nicholas L. Graff
Division Administrator
Federal Highwa
310 New be Y A niatratian rn Avenue Raleigh, North Caro ?inauit° 276410
01
601
Door ML•, Graft :
APR 1 1 1995
This responds to
Draft Snviro the request for the De
US 421, nmental.impact Statement Department of the 's
New Hanover County, Interior
North Carolina) for the Wilmington 8 oMO
S?EaBU CoMn?tL+*n,. y'pag
The proposed Wilmi ?+.
n
gton , ry.?.?.
Projects which w Ypass is divided
for this as will be covered 1)), into several smaller
three onto which at that te di oposoa enviro construction
segments wi ll mental documents. The DHIg
especially concerned that the ntuall Project is
Y form the p only one of aPproxiMatel
segment' Baca segment under ilatiagton g y
location and de the other segments must current review ans. We are
alternatives of natruction of this link ,up with this central she central
the bypass. segment will dictate the location segment, the
This is Particularl of other
ror new locations y troublesome because L he which could result in he eastern
eastern se Tho U.s, Fish and Wildlife Serthe viCeoss of segment has been proposed
the
FWS beliweventes that should be constructed (FWS) as orimately SO acres of
by upgradin eCOmmended that
cumulative the D8I8 is deficient in the g esting roads. the
construction Corr d nment za whiff sequences of analysis of the secondartors,
under review this project. The dart and t
secondary, an have not been ade must physically connect ?Daets of future I
Statement d nulative i quately discussed. The gWS rac segment currently j
(FHIS) for. mDacta be addressed in, he Final o?Onds that these
this project, r?tiviumiud
Planning to avoid we nt l t impact
applied in a a 1and losses
pacified includes five specific nations which
as defined sequence. This Roque Mitigation pothelicy (Council on Environment nca Qualitof actions aonatitut
Poederal a--• - $ MitRigat be
actions are F
avoidance 46(15):76567663and adopted by theFWS Qation
The DEIS lists minimization, rectification ,rJanuary 23111-1) , in its
minimize wetlands impacts. several design and construction toaturestwa • The five
pacts. n, and compensation.
In wetlands, the brid These moaaur%s include hich would
bridges, The FW ging of wetl , and the use „ reducing medi avoid and
S stxon ands an
91Y recommends the use of of topdotm" widths
construction for
despite the use Of these measures,
losses design and construction features
Y occur, It is estimated that the Preferred Alte
approximately 178 acres of wetlands, some unavoidable wetland
impact is
unavoidable. The FWS recommends It is rnat;Ve would impact
integral ununends that ieiar what acreage of wetlands
developed part of project planning. The D$IS Statentha n etands
oped in conjunction with the co that Planning should be
i will
agencies. rpa of Bn ginears (COS) and othe r Plans
resource

I

1
qjtp FWS believes that current plans for compensatory mitigation are inadequate
Y'. recommends that the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
rvelop a comprehensive plan for unavoidable wetland impacts. The FWS further
-ecommenda that the comprehensive mitigation plan be included in the FEIS.
V
The proposed project would cross the area which has been designated as
environmental enhancement lands by the COE as part of the Wilmington Harbor.
Northeast Cape Fear River water resources development project. The FWS believes
that impacts to this area should be minimized to the maximum extent possible and
recommends a series of methods to reduce these impacts.
The DEIS presents.an adequate discussion of potential impacts to federally-listed
species. The FWS is pleased that field searches were made for the red-cockaded
woodpecker (Picoldds borealis). Based on information in the DSIS, the FWS
concurs that the project is not likely to affect federally-listed endangered or
threatened species. The FWS, however, believes that it would be prudent for the
NCDOT to consider the 14 candidate species for Federal listing in project
planning, and we strongly encourage NCDOT to address this issue in the FEIS.
The FWS concerns related to wetland losses and secondary and cumulative impacts
of this project are -substantial. Depending on the proposal included in the FEIS,
the FWS may recommend referring this project to the Council on Environmental
Quality under Section 1504 of the Council's Regulations for Implementing the
Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act. We do, however,
wish to coordinate fully at the earliest possible time and avoid any delays in
addressing transportation needs for this area, and preclude the necessity for
referral. Coordination can be initiated by contacting the Field Supervisor,
Division of Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, D.O. Box 33726,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726, telephone [phone].
The National Park Service (NPS) indicates that the DSIS provides an excellent
evaluation of the impact of alternatives on historic and archeological sites.
The NPS indicates that neither the Southern Preferred Alternative or the Northern
Alternative will impact the Thornbury and Nesses Creek Plantation Archeological
Districts. The NPS also notes that there are no prehistoric sites identified
which would be affected by the Southern Alternative and that four sites may be
eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. In correspondence
included in the D$IS, the North Carolina State Historic Preservation officer I
(SHPO) indicates that these sites may be salvaged and are not site-significant.
The NPS notes that the crossing or the Northeast Cape Year River has potential
with either construction alternative to impact underwater archeological sites.
However, the NCDOT agrees to an underwater archeological survey on the selected
alternative. Therefore, based on the information presented in the DEIS including
correspondence from the SHPO, the MPS agrees with the determination in the DSIS
that there are no Section 4(f) involvements with historic and archeological
sites. The DEIS does not identify that any recreational sites will be impacted
for Section 4(f) or section 6(f) involvements,
SPECIFIC COMMStas
Aaalysis of the A_lteeygtivge and the Selection of Preferred Alternative, paces
2-2 to 2-22
The DEIS presents an extensive discussion of the development of alternative
routes. The DEIS describes the process by which the 36 preliminary alternatives
were reduced to two final alternatives, a Northern and Southern Alternative. The
NCDOT has selected the Southern Alternative as the preferred route.
The FWS is very concerned about the selection of the Southern Alternative for
this section of Wilmington Bypass an it relates to the alignment of the other
segments. The Wilmington Bypass, as currently conceived, would have three
' sections which are from northeast to southwest: (1) the link from U9 17 to I-40
(TIP No. R-2405) ; (2) the segment under current review from I-40 to US 412 (TIP

i
Bishop.
No. R-2633 C); and, (3) the segment from US 421 to rejoin US 17 near the Town of
segment already constructed of future segments must join the termini of an
have a significant influence on construction Of the central se
the routes of the other two segmmen sfirat x111 I
In August 1994, the FWS reviewed the State Environmental Assessor
between US 17 and I-40
this en (TIP Project No. R•2405). The NCDOT Assessment for the link t in an acres a mentlands and entirely new location which would i prOp°°ed to build
that this ther frn orpa approximately 80
segment could be constructed by upgra habitat. The FWS recommended
just north of the two proposed alternat es. The existing roads which were
would call for an interchange where Sidbu The upgrading o! existingroads
does not have access to I-40. This area is Road (SR 3336) currently
the interchange which the NCDOT approximately one-half mi seta but
is now proposing. north of
The FWS finds the alternative analysis section of route selected for this segment, the central the D&IS inadequate
route Bypass, will influence the routes to be used b art o! the three-par in that the
it will have a direct influence on losses of fishe other two part Wilmington
other two of
segments. The FWS recomm and wildlife segments and thus
ends that the FFIS address ? heaiasuet
environmental impacts in the remaining parts of the Wilmington Bypass likely to result tram the selection of the various alternatives for thin
This evaluation should consider whether the Preferred Soutrn Alwhich in are
of R•2633C, will preclude the upgrading of existing roads and require R-24 Seto- /
Alternative will re ire If the selection of the Preferred ^
location, the onviror?imentalhat the segment east of I-40 be Southern l
result of the route selected Loathe central ese tern built in a new would considered in gorent,oa dethese lorpactaamuatebo
the FZIS.
el
PrQ1BCt Doaian and Cana9- -- -
According to the DEIS, the median for the -
The DEIS also indicates that if Proposed
road ie currently 70 feet.
wetland areas, wetland lessee couthe ld be reduced ion is reduced to 46 feet through
the Preferred Southern Route. The FWS recommends that the NCDOT 7 use p the median width which is consistent with safe highway design y Percent along
C6ncerning the issue of bridging wetlands adjacent to the Northeast Cape
River, it is stated that bridging
Pear
with the these wetlands for the preferred Southern Route
proposed 70-toot median would reduce wetland impacts by up to ,
The FWS strongly recommends that the NCDOT bridge these
riparian wetlands. important, 6valurea.
able
The FWS strongly supports the use of the "t m
construction which would min<_mine construction relat d wetlands losses.
for bridge
While these three dioai
minimise wetlands. to ign and construction techniques would help to avoid and
commitment the NCDOT does not appear to have ,
to their implementation. made a firm
Furthermore, the exact areas in which they
would be implemented are not clearly stated. The FWS recommends that the FEI9
clearly state the NCDOT, a eaaQnitmerit to implementing
construction features that will minimize wetlands lose and the areas where the
will be those design and '
employed.
y
The DEIS states that the National Marine Fisheries Service
Division of Marine Fisheries have recommended a and the North Carolina
Northeast Cape Fear River from March i through construction moratorium
adverse impacts on the spawning and breading of the faderall to minimise
red
g eon brevirostrum) and other anadromoua fish. The FW9
supports the proposed moratorium.
he
w
wetland Losses aRSJ Mitigation. Pages 3-43 to 1-49 an{ 4.51 to 4-54
The proposed segment of the Wilmington Bypass will impact important wetlands.
It is indicated in Table 3.13 that based on the 300-foot right-of-way, the
Preferred Southern Alternative would impact 178 acres of wetlands, a total of 62
percent of the area impacted. The highest wetlands impact would occur in pond
pine forests (101 acres), bottomland hardwoods (31 acres), and mixed hardwoods
(18 acres), the FWS recognizes that these losses are less than those associated
with the Northern Alternative, which would impact 199 wetland acres. Based on
a consideration of only the final two build alternatives, the Preferred Southern
Route apparently would result in less wetlands impact. Wetlands, losses could be
further reduced by using the above-described design and construction techniques
and by employing mitigation in the context of the Council on Environmental
Quality's National Environmental Policy Act regulations. .
Despite design and construction features to avoid and minimize wetland losses,
it is indicated that some unavoidable wetland losses will occur and compensatory
mitigation will be required. The FWS recommends that the lead agency include a
wetland mitigation plan for unavoidable wetlands losses, including direct,
indirect, and cumulative losses, associated with the project in the PEIS.. The
PWS will evaluate this plan in accordance with our Mitigation Policy which
considers the Resource Categories of wetlands impacted. This plan, at a minimum,
must include the following parts:
A. the amount (in acres) and a measure of the habitat value for each type
of wetlands lost based on the National Wetlands Inventory/Cowardin
classification system;
b. the proposed mitigation for each wetland type: either in-kind or out-or-
kind;
C. the amount (in acres) of each community type to be used for compeneatory
wetlands;
d. the location of areas to ba used for compensation wetlands;
e. the present use, condition, and wetland jurisdictional statue of areas
to be used for compensation wetlands;
f. the disposition of compensation wetlands (i.e., who will own, manage,
and protect the compensation wetlands in perpetuity) ;
g, a work plan which details the initial procedures which will be used to
change the present condition of each type of compensation area into a
given wetland type lost during construction (i.e., land clearing piano,
site preparation, species to be planted, etc.);
h. a mitigation schedule which gives a timeframe for several intermediate
goals and a final goal for the conversion of each area used for
compensation to the desired functional wetland; and, a contingency plan
which will state the actions to be taken if the goals of the mitigation
schedule are not achieved.
Regarding the location of compensatory wetlands, the PWS considers areas in the
immediate vicinity of the wetlands lost to be preferable to off-site
compensation. The issue of replacing habitat value rather than simply replacing
lost acreage should be addressed in the mitigation plan.
The DrIB states that both Build v n
has been designated for use as envinrnantalsewould _
area of approximate r
) Pass through the area w 21 800 Harbor, Northeast Cape Fear River Pro we,, nhancement 1 hick
and butter strips ae designated as ands by the Cm This
Resources Deve1 on either side of The area consists of Neti edoilington
oDment Act the Northeast Cape Fear River, blults,
either fee ai of 1986 directed
in conj mple or conservation easements toeba E to ac The Water
been unction with the dredgin acquire this land through
delayed and the g Pro3 ject, used for conservation purposes status of this
current Funding for acquisition however, has
The FWS believes conservation aBthat a road through th Droject is
i
its value for environment s p
al e
significant) nhancementr?OSeQ Conservation area w
fognifin y minimized by certain deli However, adverse would reduce
g features through the nservati9non features, impacts could be
completely bridged: (Z) The FWS
(3) a stozin area: (1) all recommends the
no seconds
runoff from water collection ?' roads or other access ahould a be
should be
the highwa system should be Permitted;
upland areas which are riot brid the river and its constructed to
highway at re 9 animal adjacent wetlandorevent direct
along the gular iutexvale to allow passageways should be and, (a) in
river corridor, terrestrial wi Placed under the
wildlife to move unhindered
The DSIS n
presents a
species in the stu thorough discussion of
dy area the Federal
epecies, and the potential i and State protected
DEI9 states The that primary species of concern mpncts Of the project on
a survey was is the red-cockaded woodpecker_theae
search, the N?O,T, concluded that the conotructi sties. The
alternative would not adversely of Dither a result of this
impact this s the northern or
Based on information in Pecieo.
to adverse) the DSIS, the FWS concurs
adversely affect ledorally-listed endangered that the project is not likely
jurisdiction of the FWS or
cit.) have been satefshe r lore, the re threatened species
(OP under the
i
must be reconsidered if However quirements of Section 7
J action that m (1) new info , obligations under Section 7 of the Act
ay affect 1 rmation reveals impacts of of the Act
previously considered, (Z) th`j.'flAd a iP e subs r+ri ni itAJ; is in his identified
was not considered in this biological aseeasment, or 3) a
quently modified in a manner not
or critical habitat
determined that may manner which
Y be affected new species is
listed
The category of Federal by the identified action.
to any species de candidate species (designed as either
threatened but not
bein yet rhoaoubj?ct of athe FW9 C1 or Cn
legally protected for listing as endangered eor
or
ally formal) under the Act or subject to site rnle' These s
candidate s y proposed or listed as threatenprovisions, Pecies are not until Act, their eciesioaVe no legal status including section
will alert and are accordedrno ndanger°d• Although
you of potential r protection under the
Therefore, it would be p oposals or listing,
or their habitat, prudent to avoid an
or th State Site-specific species infadverse impact to candidate
protection can be ac ormation and into and3date species
under Heritage program, post Office Boxl27687, contacting the North n
Carolina Natural
calling [phone]. Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 or by
r
I
z&g coNTS Fw5 is concerned that the proposed project will adversely impact wetlands Of
I value to fish and wildlife resources. in order to mitigate these losses the
plan ofecompo compensatory mitigationcforand the
comprehensifeasible
unavoidable and construction land losses.
lementmation of the a use
sppreciats the opportunity to provide these coma?antO.
Si c rely,
Willie R. Taylor
Director, Office
and compliance
H. Franklin Vick
North Carolina Department
poet office sox 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina
vL
of,?nvironmental Policy
of Transportation
27611
United Stales Department of the Ii..:rior
~r FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
_ Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
TO:
riq / INSTANT REPLY
s =s
Please excuse this form. We thought you would prefer a speedy reply to a
formal letter. This form serves to provide U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
recommendations pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, as
amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). 1
Re :
Project Name
J 114 144 Z 1?.e ? eaLQ-
Date of Incomi g
Based on our records, there are no Federally-listed endangered or
threatened species which may occur within the project impact area.
The attached page(s) list(s) the Federally-listed species which
may occur within the project impact area.
If the proposed project will be removing pines greater than or equal
to 30 years of age in pine or pine/hardwood habitat, surveys should
be conducted for active red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in
appropriate habitat within a 1/2 mile radius of project boundaries.
If red-cockaded woodpeckers are observed within the project area or
active cavity trees found, the project has the potential to adversely
affect the red-cockaded woodpecker, and you should contact this
office for further information.
Concur - Is not likely to adversely affect Federally-listed
endangered or threateded species.
Staffing limitations prevent us from conducting a field inspection
of the project site. Therefore, we are unable to provide you
with site specific recommendations at this time.
Questions regarding this form letter may be directed to the biologist who is
handling this project.
Biologist Date
CONCUR: ` ?S rZ
Endangered Species Date
Coordinator

REVISED OCTOBER 10, 1991
2 PAGES
Brunswick County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia m_•ydass) - T
Shortnose sturgeon (Acinen_se,-r brew rostrom) _ E
Florida manatee (Tri hec uus manatus) - E
Bald eagle (Hali?t=e leucog_chalu -)
Piping plover (Charadrius m odus) _T- E
Red-cockaded woodpecker ( co des bores +•) - E
Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle (Leeidochelvs kemoii) - E
Arctic peregrine falcon (Falco neregrinua
Hood stork ( cter AMU 121U) g tundriue) - T
Loggerhead sea turtle (Ca?tta caretta) - T
Rough-leaved loosestrife (Lvmachia aspeulaefolia ) E
-
Cooley's meadowrue (Thalictur m r
coo1 _wi) _ E
Eastern cougar e
{ e 's concolor cou?guar) - E
Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelve soriacea) - E
American alligator (Alligator miseiseinnien sis
• ? - T S/A+
Sea turtles when -in the water- and the shortnoee sturgeon are under the
jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service and should be
contacted concerning your agency's responsibilities under Section 7 of the
Endangered species Act. Their address is;
National Marine Fisheries Service
U.S. Department of commerce
9450 Koger Boulevard
Duval Building
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
I

I

w
Brunswick County (cont'd)
There are species which, although not now listed or officially proposed for
listing as endangered or threatened, are under status review by the Service.
These 'Candidate" (C1 and C2) species are not legally protected under the
Act, and are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7,
until they are formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered. We
are providing the below list of candidate species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of giving you advance notification. These
species may be listed in the future, at which time they will be protected
under the Act. In the meantime, we would appreciate anything you might do
for them.
Bachman's sparrow (Aimovhila aestivalis) - C2
Carolina crawfish frog (Rana areolata a o) - C2
Magnificent ramshorn snail (Planorbella macnifica) - C2
Rare skipper (Problema b t ) - C2
Sea-beach amaranth (Amaranthus rumilus) - C2
Chapman's sedge (Carex r_havmanii) - C2
Carolina grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia caroliniana) - C2
Awned meadowbeauty (Rhexia aristosa) - C2
Sun-facing coneflower (Rudbeckia helivsidis) - C2
Carolina goldenrod (Solidaco ul? chra) - C2
Spring-flowering goldenrod (Solidaco versa) - C2
Wireleaf dropseed (Svorobolus teretifolius) - C2
Carolina pygmy sunfish (Elassoma boehlk®i) - C2
Savanna leadplant (Amorpha ceorciana confusa) - C2
Savanna campylopus (Camvvloaus carolinae) - C2*
Harper's fringe rush (Fimbistvlis perousilla) - C2
Pondspice ( se aestivalis) - C2
Carolina bogmint (Macbridea caroliniana) - C2
Barbara's buttons (Marshallia grandiflora - C2
Loose watermilfoil (Mvriovhvllum laxum - C2
Savanna cowbane (gxvnolis ternata - C2
Pineland plantain (Plantaco svarsiflora) - C2
Carolina asphodel (Tofieldia clabra) - C2
Dune blue curls (Trichostema sp.) - C2
+Threatened/Similarity of Apflearance
*Indicates no specimen in at least 20 years from this county.
REVISED OCTOBER 10, 1991
2 PAGES
New Hanover County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mvdas) - T
Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) - T
Shortnose sturgeon (Acivenser brevirostrum) - E
Cooley's meadowrue (Thalictrum coo evi) - E
Piping plover (charadrius me odus) - T
Leatherback sea turtle (Dermoehelvs coriacea) - E
Kemp'¦ Ridley sea turtle (Levidochelvs em ') - E
American alligator (Alligator mississivniensis) - T S/A+
Sea turtles when "in the water" and the shortnose sturgeon is under the
jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries service and should be
contacted concerning your agency's responsibilities under Section 7 of the
Endangered species Act. Their address is:
National Marine Fisheries Service
U.S. Department of commerce
9450 Koger Boulevard
Duval Building
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
+Threatened/Similarity of Appearance
im' United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ??f
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
.?, I 1, 1 Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726 ?? ?
March 6, 1991
Mr. L. J. Ward, Manager
Planning and Research Branch 1
r
Division of Highways ??
N.C. Department of Transportation IS s
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201 , vi-n
Subject: Scoping Comments for the proposed Wilmington pn
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties; TIP No. R-2
Dear Mr. Ward: ,
This responds to your letter of February 15, 1991, requesting comments on
the proposed project. These comments are provided in accordance with
provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.
661-667e) and Section 7 of Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1531-1543).
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is particularly concerned about
potential impacts of the proposed project upon stream ecosystems and
associated wetlands within the study corridor. At least eight stream and
wetland crossings are present in the study corridor. Special care should be
exercised in the design and implementation of all stream crossing
structures.
The attached pages identify the Federally-listed endangered (E) and
threatened (T) species which may occur in the proposed project corridor. If
the proposed project will be removing pines greater than or equal to 30
years of age in pine or pine/hardwood habitat, surveys should be conducted
for active red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in appropriate habitat
within a 1/2 mile radius of project boundaries. If red-cockaded woodpeckers
are observed within the project area or active cavity trees found, the
project has the potential to adversely affect the red-cockaded woodpecker
and you should contact this office for further information.
The Service's review of any environmental document would be greatly
facilitated if it contained the following information:
1) A description of the fishery and wildlife resources within existing
and required additional right-of-way and any areas, such as borrow
areas, which may be affected directly or indirectly by the proposed
improvements.
2) Acreage of branches, creeks, streams, rivers or wetlands to be
filled. Wetlands affected by the proposed project should be mapped in
accordance with the Federal Manual for Identifvina and Delineatina
Jurisdictional Wetlands.
3) Linear feet of any water courses relocated.
4) Acreage of upland habitats, by cover type, which would be eliminated.
5) Techniques which will be employed for designing and constructing any
relocated stream channels or for creating replacement wetlands.
6) Mitigation measures which will be employed to avoid, eliminate,
reduce or compensate for habitat value losses associated with any of the
proposed improvements.
7) Assessments of the expected secondary and cumulative impacts of the
proposed project on fish and wildlife resources.
• Sincerely yours,
L.K. Mike Gantt
Supervisor
Attachments

,I
M-_ISED ?PRAL 5, 1990
Brunswick County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia m1AAs) - T
Short-nose sturgeon (Acinenser brevirostrom) - E
Eastern cougar (Felis concolor cow ar) - E*
Nest Indian (Florida) manatee (Trichechus manatus) - E
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocenhalus) - E
Piping plover (Charadrius melodus) - T
Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) - E
Remp's (atlantic) ridley sea turtle (Lenidochelrs kemr_ii) - E
Peregrine falcon (Falco perecrinus) - E
Wood stork (*ivcteria americans) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) - T
Rough-leaved loosestrife.(Lysimac):ia asrrrulaefolia) - E
There are species which, although not now listed or officially propDze-. fs-
listing as endangered or threatened, are under status review by -:he Service.
"Status Review" (SR) species are not legally protected under tr:e act, pn-?.
are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until
are formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered. We a:e
providing the below list of status review species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of giving you advance notification. These
species may be listed in the future, at w:hicb. time they will be protecte-5 .
under the Act. In the meantime, we would appreciatb anything o-,.; might d:0
for them.
Carolina wropher frog (Ran a^:olata- ca`:-- i - S::
Ca,-v-- Fear ramshorn snail (iialisoma ma-enifioum)
Rare skipper (P'roaiema bulerta) - SE
Sensitize joint-vet; h (Aesch«iom=_ne SR
Sea-beach pigweed (Amaranthus numilus) - SR
Riverbank sand grass (Calsmov'_lfa brevinilis) - S
Chapm an's sedge (Care- chat.a.^ii) - SR
Henslow' s sparrow (A m:od--x.mas hens l ow, i i) - SR:
H_---per's fringe-rush (Fimbris:ylis rernus:'_'z.) - SR
Sarvis holly (:lea amelanchie-) - SR
Carolina lilaeopsis (Lilaeonsis carolinensis) - SF;
Loose watermilfoil Olyrio h:•1 uru lati-um) - Sr
Carolina grass-of-parnsssus (Parnassis caro_iniana) - SR
Well's pi::ie-moss (Prxidarthera barbulatr v=-. brevif--lia) SP
Awned meadowbeau `y (P.henia ari stos? ) - SF.
Sun-facing coneflower (Feudbeckia helirsidis) - SR
Carolina goldenrod (Solidamo nulcara) - SR
Spring-flowering goldenrod (Sol_idas! Verna) - SR
* ireleaf dropseed (Soorobolus teretifolius.) - SF.
*Considered estipated in Nor-h Carolina.
REVISED APRIL 5, 1990
New Hanover County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) - T
Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caret ta caretta) - T
Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) - E
Cooley's meadow-rue (Thalictrum cooleyi) - E
Piping plover (charadrius melodus) - T
There are species which, although not now listed or officially proposed for
listing as endangered or threatened, are under status review by the Service.
"Status Review" (SR) species are not iegslly protected under the act, and
are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until the,,
are formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered. He are
providing the below list of status review species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of giving you advance notification. These
species may be listed in the future, at which time they will be protected
under the Act. In the meantime, we would appreciate anything -ou might do
for them.
Carolina gopher frog (Rana areplata caPi ) - SR
Cape Fear ramshorn sn311 1:4 lisoma ma_nificum) - SR
Greenfield ramshorn snail (Tanius eucosmius eucosmius) - SR
Rare skipper (Problema bulenta) - SR
Sea-beach pie eed (Amaranthus pumilus) - SR
Riverbank sand grass (Calamovilfa brevipilis) - SR
Chapman's sedge (Carex chapmanii) - SR SR
Cypress i?ee sedge (Care,, decomposita) _
Carolina lilaeopsis (Lilaeopsis carolinensis) - SR
False cocoa (Pteroglossaspis ecristata) - SR
1'da o pay-nn ) -
Spring-flowering goldenrod (So i s oickerinaii) - SR
Pickerinb's morning glory (Stylisma pickeringii var.
Carolina spleenw•ort (Asplenium heteroresiliens) - SR
White wicky (halmia cuneata) - SR
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMME,-?
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adm c
NATICNAL ?.1..anli';E FISHERIES SEPVICE inistr
o, ~ Southeast Regional Office
1
9721 Executive Center Drive N
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
March 26, 1997 t=Z i:_CE 1 VE -3l
APR 2 1997 I
-'F6-l J'UTnPY RRANJ+
Colonel Terry R. Youngbluth
District Engineer, Wilmington District
Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 1390
Wilmington, North Carolina 23402-1890
Attention Scott McLendon
Dear Colonel Youngbluth:
In accordance with Part IV, Section 3(a) of the current Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between
the Departments of Commerce and the Army, I am notifying you of the National Marine Fisheries
Service's (NMFS) intent to consider referral of Department of the Army (DOA) permit application
199403552 dated February 27, 1997. At issue is the request by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) to place fill material in waters and wetlands adjacent to the Northeast Cape
Fear River, Ness Creels, and other unnamed tributaries of the Northeast Cape Fear River to construct
the Wilmington Bypass north of Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. This letter
details reasons: (1) why there may be substantial and unacceptable adverse impacts to aquatic
resources of national importance; and (2) why issuance of the specified permit must be conditioned
or denied to protect these resources.
The proposed project consists of the construction of 7.3 miles of 4-lane median divided freeway from
east of I-40 to US 421 west of the Northeast Cape Fear River. The typical cross section includes a
46-foot-wide grassed median. A high rise bridge with a 65 foot vertical clearance will be constructed
over the Northeast Cape Fear River.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) which was circulated in January 1995 described
two alternative alignments for the highway, a Southern Alternative and a NorthernAlternative. A
Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS), which addressed a new Central
Alternative, was circulated for review in December 1996. Based on substantial adverse impacts to
natural and cultural resources, the Northern Alternative was eliminated from further consideration
in April 1996.
I
f

Wetlands impacted by the project include a mixture of bottomland hardwoods, tidal, fresh, and
saltwater marsh, tidal cypress and gum swamp, pocosin, and wet pine flats. Total wetland impacts
would be 130 acres and 116 acres of wetlands for the Southern and Central Alternatives, respectively.
0 Ponied.ni Recycled Palkr

Weiland species commonly found in the project area include bald cypress (Taxodium distichum),
tupelo gum (Nvssa aquatica), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), green ash (Fraxinus pennsvlvanica),
swamp black gum yssa svivatica), sweet gum (L.iguidambar stvraciflua), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda),
wax myrtle erica cerifera), cattail Jypha sp.), soft rush (Juncus effusus), and saw grass (Cladium
iLtmaicense). These wetlands perform a variety of important functions including providing habitat for
aquatic species and water quality maintenance functions. Wetlands adjacent to uplands function to
slow storm water run-off and trap excessive sediments, nutrients, and pollutants before they can reach
surface waters, thereby, aiding in the maintenance of water quality.' By removing excessive
sediments, nutrients, and pollutants from adjacent waters during periods of seasonal flooding,
seasonally and tidally flooded wooded wetlands and marshes also function to maintain water quality
in the Northeast Cape Fear River.' These wetlands are also a source of primary productivity and
provide a source of detritus, an important component in the aquatic food chain supporting fishery
resources. When flooded these wetlands also provide important nursery area functions for a host of
estuarine dependent and anadromous fish and shellfish.'
The Northeast Cape Fear River and its tributaries and adjacent wetlands, including portions of the
project area, have been designated as primary nursery areas (PNA) by the North Carolina Division
of Marine Fisheries. PNAs are defined as those areas in which, for reasons such as food, cover,
bottom type, salinity, temperature, and other factors, young finfish and crustaceans spend the major
portion of their initial growing season.` This designation reemphasizes the importance of these
wetlands-to the continued production of fishery resources.
Commercially and recreationally important, fishery resources found in the project area include
estuarine dependent species such as spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), flounders (Paralichthvs spp.),
Atlantic croaker (Microoogonias undulatus), striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), shrimp enaeus spp.),
and blue crab (Callinectes sa idus . These species are identified in Section 906(e)(1) of the Water
Resources Development Act of 1986 (PL 99-602) as species of "national economic importance". A
fishery management plan (FMP) for shrimp has been developed by the South Atlantic Fishery
Management Council (SAFMC) because shrimp stocks are reduced. Additionally, the Mid-Atlantic
Fishery Management Council, in cooperation with the SAFMC, has developed FMPs for summer
flounder. The FMP for shrimp and flounder specify rigorous management and protection of the
managed species and their essential habitat.
=NC Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program. 1995. Volume VI: Wetlands and Riparian
Areas. NCDEHNR. Raleigh, NC. p 60.
'Wharton, C.H., W.M. Kitchens, E.C. Pendleton, and T.W. Sipe. 1982. The ecology of
bottomland hardwood swamps of the Southeast: a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.,
Biol. Ser. Prog., Washington, D.C. FWS/OBS-81/37.
'Wiegert, R.G. and B.J. Freeman. 1990. Tidal salt marshes of the southeast Atlantic coast:
a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(7.29). 70 pp.
ANC Division of Marine Fisheries. 1993. Description of North Carolina's Coastal Fishery
Resources, 1972-1993. NCDEFLNR. 106pp.
Anadromous fishes including striped bass (N orone saYatilis), American shad (Alosa saoid? issima)
blueback herring (Alosa aestivali s), hickory shad Alosa mediocris), and Atlantic sturgeon (Acioenser
o\cvrhvnchus) also use the project area as nursery habitat. Anadromous fishery resources are
dependent on hardwood swamps for annual pulses of detritus which form the basis of complex food
webs that support fish productivity in the ecological system.' In recent years, landings of these
important species have declined which has been attributed to declines in water quality and losses of
habitat.' Under the Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act of 1993, the Atlantic
States Marine Fisheries Commission is developing management plans for these species which include
protection of managed species and their essential habitats. Accordingly, we regard these fishery
resources and their associated habitat as aquatic resources of "national economic importance".
The NMFS has been involved with this project since its onset in 1989, including on-site inspections,
interagency meetings, and the review of the DEIS and SDEIS. Based on this involvement, we believe
that the wetland losses associated with either alternative will be detrimental to NMFS trust resources.
However, we believe that the Center Alternative is environmentally preferable to the Southern
Alternative since the overall wetland losses are less with the Center Alternative and it includes
bridging of all wetlands located adjacent to the Northeast Cape Fear River. The Southern Alternative
is totally unacceptable since it does not bridge riverine wetlands and involves the loss of more wetland
acreage.
EverLthougb this project has been in the planning stage for a considerable time, there remains many
issues that must be resolved before the NMFS can recommend authorization for this work. The goals
of wetland avoidance and impact minimization, as well as provisions for adequate mitigation for
unavoidable wetland losses, must be achieved prior to federal authorization for this work. To
accomplish these goals the following criteria or standards must be met:
1. All riverine wetlands must be bridged with bridge design and construction techniques being
selected to minimize impacts to wetlands and fishery resources. Impacts associated with construction
techniques are of great concern to the NMFS in areas which support an annual anadromous fish
migration. The use of construction techniques which minimize impacts to fisheries is essential for
agreement on federal authorization by the NMFS.
2 Primary nursery areas must be protected from discharges of storm water run-ofi both
temporary and permanent, as well as, other pollutants associated with highway and bridge
construction.
3. Seasonal work restrictions protecting anadromous fishery resources, which include the
5.NLfeeter, D.A-, RJ. Livingston, and G.C. Woodsum. 1979. Long term climatological cycles f
and population changes in a river-dominated estuarine system. pp. 315-338. In R.J. Livingston (ed.)
Ecological Processes in Coastal and Marine Systems. Plenum Press. New York, New York.
'Epperi S.P. and S.W. Ross. 1986. Characterization of the y? North Carolina Pamlico-
Albemarle Estuarine Complex. NOAA Technical Memorandum NAl1FS-SEFC-175.
E
Aciaenser bre_rviostnlm), must be in place and strictly adhered to.
endangered shortnose sturgeon (__
Lapp opriatecfederal ith
Since the shortnose sturgeon is a likely inhabitant 't the responsibility of the
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, it Po
regulatory agency to review its activities and programs and to identify any activity or programs that
may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitat. Due to the possible presence o
protected species, consultation with our Protected Species nt Branch at the letterhead
affect any species
address, must be initiated. If it is determined that these
listed as endangered or threatened, then formal consultation is required. To date, we have no record
of any coordination or consultation with our Protected Species Management Branch. land losses
must 4. An acceptable mitigation plan to compensate for unavoiable
in actco dance with the1990
integral part of the project plans. Any mitigation proposed mus _ the MOA Between the Environmental Protection Agency and the DOa linese Arning s currently p opoased,
of Mitigation Under the Clean Water Act Section 404 (b)(1)
neither alternative has demonstrated compliance with this MOA in the areas of the pand urchase avoidance a00
of 2,
impact minimization. The SDEIS addressed a mitigation plan consisting
North
acres of wetlands located on both sides of the Northeast'Cape stear River port wetlands. o'?lrrningt Proposed
Carolina. This plan is almost totally preservation of e, g
preservation area could be a component of a mitigation plan, pwetland to one 'is unacc
muept ole to
the NIviFS as a total mitigation package. At a minimum, adequate
a 1:1 replacement ratio, in-hind and in the same river basin as that of the losses.
The public notice does not address the cumulative impacts ass ciatede with hie thaong with
approximately 12 other highway projects in the Cape Fear River Basin, in the area of
accounting of NCDOT's overall impacts on this area is necessary for future PlanriinQ ?
impact mitigation. e the least Based on the above, the iriMFS believes that the Center lues which must bevaddressed betoretthis
?1MFS trust resources. However, there are unresolved
work will be acceptable to the NMFS. Therefore, we recommend that federal authorization of this
work not be granted.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these comments.
Sincerely,
Andr1eas Mager, 14Jr.
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division

cc: FWS, ATLA, GA
FWS, Raleigh, NC
EPA, ATLA, GA i
NCDEHNR, Raleigh, NC
NCDEHNR, Morehead City, NC
SAFMC, Charleston, SC
F/SE013
F/SE02

r
I

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO
Regulatory Division
December 21, 1998
D
Action ID No. 199403552, Nationwide Permit No. 6 (Survey Activities), TIP R-2633CA, Bridge
on US 17 Wilmington Bypass over the Northeast Cape Fear River, New Hanover County, North
Carolina.
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
981265
Reference your application of November 2, 1998, for Department of the Army (DA)
authorization to conduct foundation loadtest on Rat Island and in the east channel of the
Northeast Cape Fear River for the subject project. The loadtest will provide geotechnical
information on the existing subsurface conditions for use in the design of a new bridge planned at
this location. The proposed project will impact approximately 0.002 acre of jurisdictional waters
of the United States.
For the purposes of the Corps of Engineers' Regulatory Program, the "December 13, 1996
Federal Register, Final Notice of Issuance, Reissuance, and Modification of Nationwide Permits
(61 FR 65874)" listed nationwide permits. Authorization, pursuant to Section 10 of the Rivers
and Harbors Act of 1899 and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, was provided for survey
activities including core sampling, seismic exploratory operations, plugging of seismic shot holes
and other exploratory-type bore holes, soil survey and sampling, and historic resources surveys.
Drilling and the discharge of excavated material from test wells for oil and gas exploration are not
authorized by this nationwide permit; the plugging of such wells is authorized. Fill placed for
roads, pads and other similar activities is not authorized. This nationwide permit does not
authorize any permanent structures.
Your work is authorized by this nationwide permit provided it is accomplished in strict
accordance with the enclosed conditions and the following special conditions and provided you
receive a Section 401 water quality certification from the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality (NCDWQ) and, in the coastal area, a consistency determination from the North Carolina
-2-
Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM). You should contact Mr. John Dorney,
telephone [phone], regarding water quality certification, and Mr. Steve Benton, telephone
[phone], regarding consistency determination. This nationwide permit does not relieve
you of the responsibility to obtain other required State or local approval.
Special conditions are as follows:
1. A moratorium on driving piles and blasting activities will be in effect from February 1" to
May 3 Id of any year. During this time, no work shall be accomplished in waters of the United
States or wetlands.
2. All materials used to conduct the foundation loadtest including but not limited to drilled piers
and associated steel casings and concrete caps, driven steel piles, and driven square and cylinder
piles shall be removed by methods described in the Pre-Construction Notification (PCN)
application dated November 2, 1998.
This verification will be valid until the nationwide permit is modified, reissued or revoked,
which will occur by February 11, 2002. It is incumbent upon you to remain informed of changes
to the nationwide permits, which will be announced by public notice when they occur. If you
commence or are under contract to commence this activity before the date the nationwide permit
is modified or revoked, you will have twelve months from the date of the modification or
revocation to complete the activity under the present terms and conditions of this nationwide
permit.
We have evaluated potential impacts of your activity, and we have determined that your
proposal will not affect any endangered species.
When you have completed your work, please sign and return the enclosed certification
form.
Sincerely,
David L. Timpy
Regulatory Project Manager
Wilmington Field Office
P
-3-
Enclosure
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Hefner, Field Supervisor
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Fish and Wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
Mr. John Parker
North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. John Dorney
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Mr. Steve Benton
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Mr. David Cox
Highway Coordinator
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
11411-85 Service Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27522
O M S[A7t ??
y r M.
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. BOX 25201. RALEIGH. N.C. 27611-5201 E. NORRIS TOLSON
GOVERNOR
Mr. Scott McLendon
Novem
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office 1 osG???ct.'_
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ?NEj??mSF.
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
Dear Mr. McLendon:
SECRETARY
SUBJECT: New Hanover County, Bridge on US 17 Wilmington Bypass over the COQ.
Northeast Cape Fear River, TIP No. R-2633CA, State Project 8.U250901 G7
The N.C. Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposed in its January 7, 1998
application to construct the Wilmington Bypass from US Route 421 (US 421) to
approximately 5,800 feet east of Interstate 40 (I-40). The NCDOT's Soils and
Foundation Design Section proposes to conduct a foundation loadtest on R-2633CA. The
foundation loadtest will occur on Rat Island and in the east channel of the Northeast Cape
Fear River. The loadtest will provide information on the existing subsurface conditions
at the site in order to design the most economical bridge and uncover any potential
construction problems associated with the site and its geology.
The foundation loadtest plan consists of three elements: geotechnical tests and tests
performed at Test Areas 1 and 2. Geotechnical tests involve SPT borings and CPT,
dilatometer, and vane shear tests. Test Areas 1 and 2 include lateral statnamic, Osterberg
Cell, and lateral static tests. Specific activities conducted during the proposed work
include drilling drilled piers with bentonite slurry; constructing a reinforced concrete cap;
driving, extracting, and re-driving steel piles; and advancing and extracting pre-stressed
concrete (PSC) piles. Please see the enclosed foundation loadtest plan for more details on
the type of work proposed.
The foundation loadtest impacts 0.002 acres of waters of the United States. Measures
taken to minimize the impacts include performing construction from barges and
temporary platforms, accessing the site via water, demolishing all aboveground
structures, and the absence of dredging activities.
The NCDOT hereby applies for a Nationwide 6 permit for the proposed foundation
loadtest. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Gordon Cashin at 919-
733-7844 extension 278.
Sincerely,
, ?('a. , "4;), e"!,
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Mr. David Franklin, COE, Wilmington
Mr. John Dorney, DWQ, DENR
Mr. John Parker, DCM, DENR
Mr. Bob Stroud, DCM, DENR
Mr. John Hefner, USFWS
Mr. David Cox, NCWRC
Mr. Ron Sechler, NMFS
Mr. N.L. Graf, P.E., FHWA
w/out encl.
Mr. Scott Hidden, P.E., Soils and Foundation Design
Mr. A.L. Hankins, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Len Hill, P.E., Highway Design Branch
Mr. Whit Webb, P.E., Program Development Branch
Mr. Tom Shearin, P.E., Roadway Design Unit
Mr. J.D. Bowers, P.E., Division 3 Engineer
Ms. Leigh Lane, Project Planning Engineer
FOUNDATION LOADTEST PLAN
R-2633CA
BRIDGE OVER NE CAPE FEAR RIVER
US 17 WILMINGTON BYPASS
NEW HANOVER COUNTY
Primary Goals
1. To develop unit tip bearing and skin friction values for use in design of the drilled
shafts for axial capacity.
2. To develop lateral capacities for use in the design of the drilled shafts for ship impact
in the East Channel.
3. To develop lateral capacities for the alluvial soils and muck for the design of the
approach span structures.
4. Learn about potential construction problems associated with this specific site and
geology.
Significant Cost Saving Areas:
1. Primarily, expect a reduction in drilled shaft lengths due to increased axial capacities
and a reduced factor of safety (increased level of confidence). A reduction in shaft
diameters may also be possible depending on drilled shaft lateral capacities.
2. Possibly, expect to utilize pre-stressed concrete (PSC) piles for the approach span
structures as opposed to drilled shafts. This will not only depend upon the loadtest
results but also upon scour elevations.
3. Also, expect to reduce potential for claims and costs associated with construction of
the foundations.
Geotechnical Testing
Sequence and Description of Tests-
1. SPT borings at each NCHRP Group location, drilled shafts location, PSC piles
location.
2. CPT testing with pressuremeter at each NCHRP Group location and the PSC piles
location.
3. Dilatometer testing at each NCHRP Group location and the PSC piles location.
4. Vane shear testing on Rat Island.
Test Area 1
Sequence and Description of Tests-
1. Lateral statnamic test on NCHRP Group (approximately 80,000 lb. test) on Rat Island
to test muck.
2. Series of Osterberg Cell tests on the two 84" drilled shafts without the cap to test
axial capacities. One shaft would tip in hard clay and would contain two 3000 ton
cells (one at the bottom and one in the dense sand). The other shaft would tip in
dense sand and contain one 3000 ton cell at the bottom.
3. Lateral static test on NCHRP Group on Rat Island by pulling drilled shafts and group
together to test muck.
4. Lateral static test on NCHRP single piles by pushing apart for comparison to the
group.
5. Lateral statnamic test on the two 84" drilled shafts with the cap (approximately
120,000 lb. test) to test lateral capacities of the dense sand (Pedee Formation).
Test Area 2
Sequence and Description of Tests-
1. Driving, restriking and PDA measurements on both the 30" PSC square pile with a
steel H-pile stinger and a 36" PSC cylinder pile. Pile lengths would range from 70 to
110 feet. Hammer energies required are expected to range from 120 to 160 ft-kips.
Jetting and drilling during driving would be expected in order to advance the cylinder
pile as far as possible into the Pedee formation. The 30" PSC pile would be pulled
after driving to observe the condition of the pile.
2. Lateral static test on the PSC piles by pushing them apart and using NCDOT frame to
test loose alluvial soils.
3. Lateral statnamic test on NCHRP Group (approximately 80.000 lb. test) to test loose
alluvial soils.
4. Lateral static test on NCHRP single piles by pushing apart for comparison to the
group.
Additional Comments and Details
1. Test Area 2 may be moved to deeper water if during geotechnical testing phase it is
found that the proposed location has shallower than expected water.
2. We expect to have 5 barges and 2 cranes to perform this construction.
3. The drilled shafts and the concrete piles (if they can not be removed) will be left in
place for demolition during the actual bridge construction.
4. Bentonite slurry will be used during the construction of the drilled shafts. All
applicable permits will be obtained by the contractor for the slurry use prior to
beginning construction.
5. A temporary work platform will be constructed on the banks of Rat Island in order to
perform the lateral statnamic on the NCHRP Group in Test Area 1. All other work
will be performed from barges. Site access will be by water frgm either down or up
river.
Item 12 - Description of proposed work.
Foundation Loadtest Plan will include the following-
1. Drilling 2 2.13 m diameter drilled piers. The drilled piers will be drilled with
bentonite slurry and all cuttings, as well as the slurry, will be disposed of off site.
Fresh water for the bentonite slurry will be drawn from either a well onsite or piped in
from off site. 2.13 m diameter steel casing will be used during drilling and remain in
place during testing. The steel casing will extend from the top of the each pier to
elevation -11 m.
2. Constructing a reinforced concrete cap. The bottom of the cap will be at
approximately elevation 0 m and the top of the cap will be at approximately elevation
5 m. According to the US Army Corps of Engineers' control tide station located in
Wilmington, NC, the mean high water elevation for the NE Cape Fear River is.85 m.
The cap and the drilled piers will be demolished and removed down to the mudline by
blasting after completion of testing.
3. 8 .27 m diameter steel piles will be driven, extracted and driven again in two different
locations. 4 other .27 m diameter steel piles will be driven. extracted and redriven in
three different locations. In some cases, the steel piles may be vibrated in. All the
steel piles will be extracted and removed from the site after completion of testing.
4. One .76 m square pre-stressed concrete pile and one .91 m pre-stressed concrete
cylinder pile will be driven. Methods to advance the piles to the required depth may
include jetting while driving, pre-jetting and augering while driving. The square pile
will have a steel pile stinger on the end approximately 3.5 meters in length. The
square pile will be extracted and removed from the site after completion of testing.
The cylinder pile will be demolished and removed by blasting or cutting down to the
mudline after completion of testing.
1
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
RALEIGH
FOUNDATION LOADTEST PLAN
IN EAST CHANNEL
NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR RIVER
LOCATION MAP

27

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DEM ID:
NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT #): 06
PRE-CONSTRUCTION NOTIFICATION APPLICATION
FOR NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE:
CORPS ACTION ID: 199603552
1) NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
2) APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION
3) COORDINATION WITH THE NC DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
SEND THE ORIGINAL AND (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED FORM TO THE APPROPRIATE
FIELD OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET).
SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). PLEASE PRINT.
1. OWNERS NAME: NC Dept. of Transportation; Planning & Environmental
2. MAILING ADDRESS: Post Office Box 25201
SUBDIVISION NAME
CITY: Raleigh STATE: NC ZIP CODE:
PROJECT LOCATION ADDRESS, INCLUDING SUBDIVISION NAME
FROM MAILING ADDRESS ABOVE):
25201
(IF DIFFERENT
3. TELEPHONE NUMBER (HOME):
(WORK): 919-733-3141
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL,
ADDRESS, PHONE NUMBER:
William D. Gilmore , P.E., Manager
5. LOCATION OF WORK (PROVIDE A MAP, PREFERABLY A COPY OF USGS
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY WITH SCALE):
COUNTY: New Hanover NEAREST TOWN OR CITY: Wilmington, NC
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.):
North of Wilmington, NC. Loadtest site is on Rat Island and east
of Rat Island in the east channel of Northeast Cape Fear River.
2
6. IMPACTED OR NEAREST STREAM/RIVER: Northeast Cape Fear River.
RIVER BASIN:
7a. IS PROJECT LOCATED NEAR WATER CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, TIDAL SALTWATER
(SA), HIGH QUALITY WATERS (HQW), OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS (ORW),
WATER SUPPLY (WS-I OR WS-II)? YES [ ] NO [X] IF YES, EXPLAIN:
7b. IS THE PROJECT LOCATED WITHIN A NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL
MANAGEMENT AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEC)?YES[X] NO[ ]
7c. IF THE PROJECT IS LOCATED WITHIN A COASTAL COUNTY (SEE PAGE 7 FOR
LIST OF COASTAL COUNTIES), WHAT IS THE LAND USE PLAN (LUP) DESIGNATION?
Yes. Rural.
8a. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON
THIS PROPERTY? YES [X] NO [ ] IF YES, PROVIDE ACTION I.D. NUMBER OF
PREVIOUS PERMIT AND ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (INCLUDE PHOTOCOPY OF 401
CERTIFICATION): Initial CWA §404/NEPA permit application (Action ID
199603552) for R-2633C was submitted on January 7, 1998. The proposed
foundation loadtest plan, R-2633CA, is included as part of R-2633C. The
Wilmington COE retired the January 7, 1998 permit application on August
17, 1998. CWA §404/NEPA permit application resubmitted on October ,
1998.
8b. ARE ADDITIONAL PERMIT REQUESTS EXPECTED FOR THIS PROPERTY IN THE
FUTURE? YES [X] NO [] IF YES, DESCRIBE ANTICIPATED WORK:
Additional permit request is resubmittal of CWA §404/NEPA permit
application for the construction of the Wilmington Bypass from US Route
421 (US 421) to approximately 5,800 feet east of Interstate 40 (I-40).
9a. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES IN TRACT OF LAND: 0.75
9b. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS LOCATED ON PROJECT
SITE:
0
3
10a. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT BY:
FILLING: 0 EXCAVATION:
FLOODING: 0 OTHER:
0
0
DRAINAGE: 0 TOTAL ACRES TO BE IMPACTED: 0
10b. (1) STREAM CHANNEL TO BE IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT (IF
RELOCATED, PROVIDE DISTANCE BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER RELOCATION):
LENGTH BEFORE: N/A FT AFTER: N/A FT
WIDTH BEFORE (based on normal high water contours): N/A FT
WIDTH AFTER: N/A FT
AVERAGE DEPTH BEFORE: N/A FT AFTER: N/A FT
(2) STREAM CHANNEL IMPACTS WILL RESULT FROM: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
OPEN CHANNEL RELOCATION: PLACEMENT OF PIPE IN CHANNEL:
CHANNEL EXCAVATION: CONSTRUCTION OF A DAM/FLOODING:
OTHER:
11. IF CONSTRUCTION OF A POND IS PROPOSED, WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE
WATERSHED DRAINING TO THE POND? N/A
WHAT IS THE EXPECTED POND SURFACE AREA? N/A
12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK INCLUDING DISCUSSION OF TYPE OF
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT TO BE USED (ATTACH PLANS: 8 1/2" X 11" DRAWINGS
ONLY): See attached description of proposed work and foundation
loadtest plan with maps.
13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: To learn about the existing subsurface
conditions at the site in order to design a more economical bridge.
4
14. STATE REASONS WHY IT IS BELIEVED THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE CARRIED
OUT IN WETLANDS. (INCLUDE ANY MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND
IMPACTS): No wetlands impacted. Subsurface conditions vary widely over
short distances. Consequently, loadtest must be performed where the
bridge will be constructed in order to get accurate design parameters.
Measures taken to minimize impacts to waters of the U.S.: no dredging, all
access is by water, no structures left in place above ground, and all
work over water and land will be performed from barges and temporary
platforms.
15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
(USFWS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (NMFS) (SEE AGENCY
ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF ANY FEDERALLY LISTED OR
PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES OR CRITICAL
HABITAT IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT.
DATE CONTACTED: USFWS - February 15, 1991. NMFS - February 15, 1991.
(ATTACH RESPONSES FROM THESE AGENCIES.)
16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC
PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED
PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED: SHPO's first response to NCDOT's contact in
letter dated March 19, 1991.
17. DOES THE PROJECT INVOLVE AN EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR THE USE
OF PUBLIC (STATE) LAND?
YES [X] NO [] (IF NO, GO TO 18)
a. IF YES, DOES THE PROJECT REQUIRE PREPARATION OF AN
ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT?
YES [X] NO []
b. IF YES, HAS THE DOCUMENT BEEN REVIEWED THROUGH THE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE?
YES [X] NO
5
IF ANSWER TO 17b IS YES, THEN SUBMIT APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION FROM THE
STATE CLEARINGHOUSE TO DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REGARDING
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT.
QUESTIONS REGARDING THE STATE CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW PROCESS SHOULD BE
DIRECTED TO MS. CHRYS BAGGETT, DIRECTOR STATE CLEARINGHOUSE, NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION, 116 WEST JONES STREET, RALEIGH,
NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003, TELEPHONE [phone].
18. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THIS APPLICATION IF
PROPOSED ACTIVITY INVOLVES THE DISCHARGE OF EXCAVATED OR FILL MATERIAL
INTO WETLANDS:
a. WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, LAKES
AND PONDS ON THE PROPERTY (FOR NATIONWIDE PERMIT NUMBERS 14, 18, 21,
26, 29, AND 38). ALL STREAMS (INTERMITTENT AND PERMANENT) ON THE
PROPERTY MUST BE SHOWN ON THE MAP. MAP SCALES SHOULD BE 1 INCH EQUALS
50 FEET OR 1 INCH EQUALS 100 FEET OR THEIR EQUIVALENT.
b. IF AVAILABLE, REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE
IMPACTED BY PROJECT.
C. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA
SHEETS RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE.
d. ATTACH A COPY OF THE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IF REQUIRED.
e. WHAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY? Rural, swampland.
f. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?
N/A
g. SIGNED AND DATED AGENT AUTHORIZATION LETTER, IF APPLICABLE.
NOTE: WETLANDS OR WATERS OF THE U.S. MAY NOT BE IMPACTED PRIOR TO:
1) ISSUANCE OF A SECTION 404 CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT,
2) EITHER THE ISSUANCE OR WAIVER OF A 401 DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (WATER QUALITY) CERTIFICATION, AND
3) (IN THE TWENTY COASTAL COUNTIES ONLY), A LETTER FROM THE
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT STATING THE PROPOSED
ACTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM.

OWNER'S/AGENT'S SIGNATURE DATE
6
(AGENT'S SIGNATURE VALID ONLY IF AUTHORIZATION LETTER FROM
THE OWNER IS PROVIDED (18g.))
AGENCY ADDRESSES
ENDANGERED SPECIES:
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
RALEIGH FIELD OFFICE
P.O. BOX 33726
RALEIGH, NC 27636-3726
TELEPHONE [phone]
HISTORIC RESOURCES:
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
HABITAT CONSERVATION DIVISION
PIVERS ISLAND
BEAUFORT, NC 28516
TELEPHONE [phone]
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
N.C. DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY
109 EAST JONES STREET
RALEIGH, NC 27601
TELEPHONE [phone]
STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES:
MR. JOHN DORNEY
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
4401 REEDY CREEK ROAD
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27607
TELEPHONE [phone]
CORPS OF ENGINEERS FIELD OFFICES:
RALEIGH REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
6508 FALLS OF THE NEUSE ROAD,
SUITE 120
RALEIGH, NC 27615
TELEPHONE [phone]
WASHINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
POST OFFICE BOX 1000
WASHINGTON, NC 27889-1000
TELEPHONE [phone]
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
ASHEVILLE FIELD OFFICE
160 ZILLICOA STREET
ASHEVILLE, NC 28801
TELEPHONE[phone]
MR. STEVE BENTON
DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
POST OFFICE BOX 27687
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27611-7687
TELEPHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
ASHEVILLE REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
151 PATTON AVENUE, ROOM 143
ASHEVILLE, NC 28801-5006
TELEPHONE [phone]
WILMINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
POST OFFICE BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NC 28402-1890
TELEPHONE [phone]
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources `
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor Dougias G. Lewis r
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary Director
Planning and Assessment
MEMORANDUM
TO: Chrys Baggett
State Clearinghouse

FROM: Melba McGee 1?
Project Review Coordinator
RE: 91-0591 - Scoping. Wilmington Bypass
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties
DATE: March 25, 1991
The Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
has reviewed the Department of Transportation's (DOT) scoping
notice to construct the Wilmington Bypass in Brunswick and New
Hanover Counties. The information that was circulated for review
was not sufficient to evaluate potential environmental impacts of
this project. However, our review efforts did raise a number of
specific issues that will need to be fully addressed in the
proposed EIS.
In reviewing our comments it is evident that DOT's
preliminary selection of bypass corridors will have impacts of
the environment. There is concerns with potential impacts on
wetlands, water quality, and on rare, threatened and endangered
species. These are critical issues that deserve specific
attention in the EIS. Comments also indicate that mitigation
will be required for wetland loss and implementation of stringent
sediment control measure is necessary to help minimize impacts
from highway construction. If these issues are anticipated, then
every effort must be made to address them early on.
Thank you for the opportunity to respond. Our divisions '
welcome the opportunity to work with the Department of
Transportation throughout all phases of this project. ?i-?.• .
f
MM : bb li

Attachments

riHr or co
? ?? tf
J'4"' 01
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
N.C. Division of Highways
P.O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Dear Mr. Vick:
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
Southeast Regional Office
9721 Executive Center Drive N.
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
February 20, 1997
b fE??o to
z - 97
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has reviewed the Federal Supplemental Draft
Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) for the Wilmington Bypass, 1-40 to US 421, New
Hanover County, North Carolina, Federal-Aid Project No. STPNHF-17(1), State Project No.
8.U250901, TIP No R-2633C. The proposed project is to provide a northern bypass of the City of
Wilmington.
Gmeral 'o?mments
The SDEIS is confusing regarding the impacts of the two alternatives on riverine wetlands adjacent
to the Northeast Cape Fear River. It is difficult to determine the differences in the impacts of the two
proposed alternatives. The SDEIS should be revised to clarify the impacts of each alternative on
riverine wetlands.
We are also concerned that the costs of bridging wetlands versus mitigating for wetland losses
associated with filled causeways is inadequately addressed. The Southern Alternative would cost
an additional $25 million dollars to bridge all wetlands. However, the additional costs for
miligating dic fuss df 25 acres of high quality wetlands, if a bridge is not constructed, is not
addressed. These additional mitigation costs should be considered if costs are to be used as basis
to justify one alternative versus another.
The SDEIS identifies 12 additional highway projects involving wetland losses in the vicinity of this
project. Given this large number of projects in the Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear Rivers area,
we believe that a comprehensive assessment of cumulative wetland losses should be a part of the
National Environmental Policy Act documents for all projects in this area.
I

Specific Comments
2.0 ALTERNATIVES
2.3 TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND COST ESTIMATES
2.3.3. Cost Estimates
Page -34, paragraph-2. This paragraph and Table 2.8 on page 2-35 address the costs associated with
the project. It is inappropriate to discuss project costs or develop a table depicting costs that
excludes the costs of bridging wetlands and mitigating wetland losses. Pursuant to the 1990
Memorandum of Agreement between the Department of the Army and the Environmental Protection
Agency regarding mitigation and the Clean Water Act, wetland avoidance, minimization, and
mitigation are a part of the permit process. Therefore, the costs of these activities should be included
as a basis for comparing alternatives. The SDEIS should be revised to more clearly identify all costs
associated with each alternative.
3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
3.3 EXISTING NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
3.3.1 Biotic Communities
Table 3.13 INVENTORY OF EXISTING BIOTIC COMMUNITIES
Page 3-5 . We recommend that this table be revised to more clearly demonstrate that the total
wetland losses include 25 acres of fill in riverine wetlands adjacent to the Northeast Cape Fear River.
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
4.2 IMPACTS TO THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 Hydrology and Drainage
4.2.1.1 River and Stream Crossings
Rage-4-24, paragraph-A. This section states that a bridge length of 730 feet (Table 4.4) would
maintain existing drainage patterns. However, it does not address changes in drainage patterns in
the adjacent riverine wetlands that would result from the extensive wetland fill approaches required
if a 730-foot-long bridge is used.
4.3.3 Aquatic and Fisheries Resources
Rap_4-62,paragraphl. The assessment of impacts in this section does not consider the impact of
lost wetland functions and values on fishery resources. The SDEIS should be revised to address the
impacts of loss of water quality maintenance and habitat functions resulting from the wetland losses.
A discussion of the restoration of these functions through a compensatory mitigation plan should
also be included in the document.
4.3.4 Protected Species
4.3.4.4 Fish
P-age- 4-65 -paragraPh-.5• This section addresses impacts on the endangered shortno
the roles of various agencies in addressing these impacts. However, it does not identify sturgeon and
NMFS
as the lead federal agency responsible for this species. The NMFS's responsibilitier the reviewing
o
permit applications pursuant to the Clean Water Act also should be listed.
4.4 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS
4.4.4 Biotic Communities
Page 4`-fib nar^
?- --??Ph 5. This section inadequately addresses the impacts of the wide range of bridge
construction alternatives that could be used. For example, construction techniques may the placement of temporary fill roads in wetlands to dredging canals for barge access. The wetland
impacts of all available bridge construction techniques, including top-down cons
addressed. traction, should be
We appreciate the Opportunity to provide these comments.
Sincerely,
Andreas Mager, Jr.
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division
I

CC:
CS/EC - Wieting
FWS, ATLA, GA
FWS, Raleigh, NC
EPA, ATLA, GA
NCDEHNR, Raleigh, NC
NCDEHNR, Morehead City, NC
COE, Wilmington, NC
F/SEO13
F/SE021
16
X11..,, Ot
Mr. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
N. C. Division of Highways
P. O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Dear Mr. Vick:
UNITED STATES OEPAATMENT OF GOMMERC,'ri
National Oceanla and Atmospherle AdminlatrErl:Jan
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
Southeast Regional office
9721 Executive Center Drive N.
St. Petersburg, Plorida 33702
April 18, 1995
APR 2 4 1995.
G . o f .
e AYS P?
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has reviewed the Federal Draft Environmental
Impact Statement (DEIS) for Wilmington Bypass, I-40 to US 421, New Hanover County,
Federal-Aid Project No. STP-17(1), State Project No. 8.U250901, TfP No. R-2633C. The
proposed project is to provide a northern bypass of the City of Wilmington between 1-40 and US
421. The following comments are provided for your consideration.
The preferred (southern) alternative is a part of the Greater Wilmington Urban Area
Transportation Plan (GWUATP). This plan ultimately involves multiple projects potentially
impacting hundreds of acres of wetlands. The NMFS is concerned that the DES does not
address the cumulative impact of the GWUATP on fishery resources and it is recommended that
the DEIS be revised to provide this information.
Under the preferred alternative, 7,500 linear feet of filled causeway would be constructed in
wetlands. The cost of bridging these wetlands is discussed, but the cost of mitigating for lost
wetlands is not. This information is needed to balance the true cost of bridge versus causeway
construction.
Lastly, the DEIS is inadequate regarding the consideration of mitigation options. Specificall
y,
the purchase and preservation of wetlands is the only mitigation measure considered. The DEIS
should be expanded to describe a broader range of potential mitigation options such as wetland
restoration and enhancement.
nted on Reo'cled Paper
(
?o '1,

2.0 ALTERNATIVES
2.2 ALTERNATIVES REVIEWED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
2.2.2 Construction Alternatives
2.2.2.1 History of Feasible Alternatives Development
Page 2-14, paragraph 5 - This section concludes that environmental conditions west of the
terminus of the proposed project would not preclude future extension of the bypass. This
Paragraph understates the environmental impacts related to the future extension of the
Wilmington Bypass and does not consider cumulative wetland losses associated with the
complete project. Therefore, the basis for this conclusion should be clarified.
.2.3 TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND COST ESTIMATES
2.3.3 Cost Fstirnates ' `
Page 2-33, paragraph 6 - Avoidance and minimization of wetland impacts will reduce mitigation
requirements and the costs associated with mitigation. Accordingly, the DEIS should be revised
to provide a detailed explanation of costs and savings associated with bridging wetlands.
3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
3.3 ERISTING NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
3.3.3 Aquatic and ftheries Resourees
Page 3-49, paragraph 3 - The DEIS states that the Northeast Cape Fear River is designated by
the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries as a `
Peary nursery area for estuarine species.
This section should be expanded to address the nursery habitat value of the project area's
wooded swamps and riverine habitats as secondary nursery areas for anadromous .species.
3.3.4 Protected Species
3.3.4.4 FLsh
Page 3-61, paragraph 1 - We agree that the endangered shortnose, sturgeon (Ac gMor
breAmstruml is a likely inhabitant in the Northeast Cape Pear River. Therefore, in accordance
with the Bndangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, it is the responsibility of the appropriate
federal regulatory agency to review its activities and programs and to identify any activity or
programs that may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitat. Due to the r
presence of protected species, consultation with our Protected She possible
the letterhead address, must be initiated. If it is determined that these activities m may drve set at
affect any species listed as endangered or threatened, then formal consultation is required. y
11

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
This chapter should be expanded to include a section addressing the cumulative wetland losses
associated with the multiple roadway improvements identified in Section 1.4, PLANNED AND
PROGRAMMED ROAD IMPROVEMENTS. Whereas, this DEIS only covers one of many
highway projects, the cumulative impacts of multiple projects in the Wilmington area should be
addressed.
4.2 IldPACTS TO THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 Hydrology and Drainage
4.2.1.1 River and Stream Crossings
Page 4-15, paragraph 3 - A 72-inch culvert is proposed for the crossing of Ness Creek. The
DES should address the adequacy of thin size culvert for the passage of anadromous species that
utilize the habitats of Ness Creek. Also, the DEIS should address the impacts of all proposed
culverts on upstream access for anadromous fish that utilize the project area as habitat.
Sincerely,
Andreas Mager, Jr.
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
/ I NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
•+' Southeast Regional office
s ?F6 v, \?. 9450 Koger Boulevard
St. Petersburg, FL 33702
Iii iii •. '?"?.
c^ ;ice /ti 0. February 25, 1991 F/SER21/RSS
919/728-5090
Mr. l L }....J:Ward, P. E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
N. C. Department of Transportation
P. O. Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Ward:
Please reference your February 15, 1991, letter requesting our
input in the development of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
for the proposed Wilmington. 'Bypass; Brunswick and New Hanover
Counties, N.C., State Project No. 6.258001T; TIP No. R-2633. We
have reviewed the information provided with your letter and offer
the following comments. •
The preliminary alternative corridors depicted in your letter would
cross the Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear River. These rivers
and their tributaries and adjacent wetlands provide habitat for a
variety of anadromous and estuarine dependent fishery resources.
Alternative highway and bridge alignments under study, cross
wetlands and water that support both commercially and
recreationally important fisheries. Therefore, we recommend that
the EIS include the following:
1. The EIS should address bridge and highway alignment
alternatives that will avoid and minimize wetland losses.
2. The EIS should describe the location, species, and acreage of
wetlands potentially impacted by the highway alignment alternatives
considered.
' 3. The EIS should provide a description of the aquatic organisms
found in the project area and an assessment of the impacts of the
project's alternatives on these resources.
The EIS u construction alternatives l
m to
minimize wetland losses. We recommend bridging all wetlands
avoid loss of these important resources.
lethat
5. The alternative
altanalysis ernati e n also IS reshould presents demonstrate
ast
the recommended
environmentally damaging alternative.
6. Bridge construction often requires temporary filling for
access roads and/or excavation of channels for barge... construction
access. The EIS should address the impact on wetlands and fishery
fr.uv.y46`
iM
_ G ,
-2-
resources of any construction related temporary wetland losses or
fishery habitat alternations.
7. If, after avoidance and minimization of wetland involvement,
the selected alternative requires unavoidable wetland losses, the
EIS should provide a mitigation plan to compensate !or wetlands
lost. Unless compensation for wetland losses is incorporated as a
part of the project, we will likely recommend against the issuance
of a Corps of Engineers' Section 10/404 permit for the project.
8. The Cape Fear River supports a population of the endangered
shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) for which we are
responsible. Accordingly, you should contact Dr. Terry Henwood of
our endangered species staff at Protected Species Management
Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional
Office, 9450 Koger Boulevard, St. Petersburg, Florida 33702,
telephone number 813/893-3503.
The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries is an excellent and
reliable source of data concerning specific fishery resources in
the project area. A representative of our Beaufort field office is
available to discuss National Marine Fisheries Service concerns at
any time during this process.
Z Sinc Y our , 4? 04
An eas Mager, .
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division
United States Department of the Interior
1 4 ? r"`?C ?.
FISH AND WILDLIFE SE• RVICL
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
?4,4cN 11b>4 Raleigh. North Carolina 27636.3726
r-
! -iz/vr C_ Z:
March 28, 1997 1A PR ? 199
Colonel Terry R. Youngbluth
District Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Attention: Scott McLendon, Regulatory Branch
Dear Colonel Youngbluth:
This is the report of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(Se•rvice) on Public Notice (PN) ID #199403552, dated February
27, 1997. The North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) has applied for a ,Department of the Army (DOA) permit to
fill jurisdictional wetlands in conjunction with the
construction off a portion of the Wilmington Bypass, New Hanover
County, North Carolina (TIP No. R-2633C). The PN states that
two alternatives are under consideration and that wetland losses
are estimated to range from 130 acres (Southern ?alternative) to
116 acres (Central Alternative). The PN requests comments on
these alternatives. This report is submitted in accordance with
the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as
amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d), and Section 7 of the Endangered
Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U:S.C. 1531-1543). It
is to be used in your determination of compliance with the
Environmental Protection Agency's 404(b) (1) Guidelines (40 CFR
230) and in your public interest review (33 CFR 320.4) as they
relate to protection of fish and wildlife resources.
According to information provided in the PN,
to construct a four-lane, divided freeway on
new location. Both build alternatives would
interchanges at US 421, US 117/NC133, and I-
alternatives would require a new bridge•..over
Fear River.
the NCDOT proposes
about 7.8 miles of
provide
40. Both build
the Northeast Cape
The wetlands in the project area represent very valuable fish
and wildlife habitat. The proposed project would produce
permanent losses of tidal freshwater marsh, tidal cypress-gum
swamp, pocosin wetlands, freshwater bottomland hardwood forest,
and wet pine flatwoods. The Service strongly recommends that
the District Engineer ensure that this project does not result
in any loss of the many functions and values provided by the
wetlands in the project area, especially the riverine areas
adjacent to the Northeast Cape Fear River. We are concerned
that the alternative as currently designed have not incorporated
all practical measures to avoid and minimize wetland impacts.
Unavoidable losses should be mitigated to ensure that there is
no net loss of the functions and values provided by these
wetlands. The PN states that the NCDOT is investigating
mitigation opportunities in the project area. However, a
mitigation proposal is not ready at this time. The Service has
stated in previous comments on NCDOT projects that compensatory
mitigation should be developed early in the planning process.
The complete absence of a compensatory mitigation plan precludes
any .realistic assessment of the long-term impacts of the project
on fish and wildlife resources.
The Service provided _vour office with the comments of the
Department of Interior, dated February 24, 1997, on potential
project impacts on Lederally protected species based on
information contained in the Supplemental Environmental
Statement released in December 1996. The Service requestimpact
ed d that
additional justification was required to support a determination
that the project was not likely to adversely affect the rough-
leaved loosestrife (L_vsimachia asr)erulaefolia) and Coole.y's
meadowrue (Thalictrum coole_yi). Therefore, the requirements of
Section 7 of the ESA have not been fulfilled at this time.
In summary, the Service believes that the proposed activities I
will have a significant anti irreversible adverse impact on fish
and wildlife resources. We feel that the NCDOT has inadequately
addressed avoidance and minimization measures recommended by the
Service in previous comments on NCDOT projects. in the absence
of a revised alternative which would truly avoid and minimize
wetland impacts, the Service would recommend denial of a permit
for this project. The above findings and recommendations
constitute the report of the Service. In accordance with the `
procedural requirements of the 1992 404(q)'•Memorandum of
I

Agreement, Part !V.3(a), we are advising you that the proposed
work may result in substantial and unacceptable impact) to
aauatic resources of national importance.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to comment on this
public notice. Please advise us of any action taken by the
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers on this permit
application. If you have any questions regarding our comments,
you may contact Howard Hall at 919-856-4520, ext.27.
Sincerely,
' C.
VOhn M. Herner
Supervisor
FWS/R4:HHall:3/28/97:WP:A:2633c3a.397

United States Department of the Interior
J?
ER-97/4
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND COMPLIANCE
Richard B. Russell Federal Building
75 Spring Street, S.W.
Atlanta, Georgia SOSOS R C
February 24, 1997
Nicholas L. Graf, P. E.
Federal Highway Administration
310 New Bern Avenue, Suite 410
Raleigh, NC 27601
Dear Mr. Graf:
FB ? R
/99"
', C ` /?' 7 LI 1.
2L?f w,I v?
s?
.7
The Department of the Interior has reviewed the Supplemental Draft
Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the Wilmington Bypass, I-
40 to US-421 in New Hanover County, NC, as requested. The Fish and
Wildlife Service (FWS) comments in this letter are provided in
accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended,
(16 USC 661-667d) and Sec. 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973,
as amended, .(16 USC 1531-1543).
The Department's comments on the DEIS for this project dated April
21, 1995, expressed concern that the overall Wilmington Bypass had
been divided into three segments. While each segment would have a
certain independent utility, the construction of a single segment
would dictate, to some degree, the alignment of other segments.
The construction of a single segment could serve as a justification
for the construction of other segments. While the FWS concurred
with an interagency agreement to resolve the segmentation issue by
the concurrent release of separate National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA) documents for the central and western sections of the
bypass, we believe that the three sections of the bypass are
interdependent and that a review of the overall bypass project
would have been facilitated by the preparation of a single NEPA
document.
The wetlands in the project area represent very valuable fish and
wildlife habitat. The proposed project would produce permanent
losses of tidal freshwater marsh, tidal cypress gum swamp, pocosin
wetlands, freshwater bottom land hardwood forest, and wet pine
flatwoods. We believe that every effort should be made to avoid
and minimize the permanent loss of these wetland areas, including
the bridging of all riparian wetlands. If unavoidable losses
occur, there should be sufficient compensation to ensure that there
is no net loss of the functions and values provided by these
wetlands.
I

Analysis of Alternatives
The SDEIS states (p. 2-15) that the western terminus of the project
would be I-40. There would be an interchange at the junction with
I-40. The document notes (p. 2-15) that the project termini "at I-
40 and US 421 are logical endpoints." However, a statement which
appears to occur only in the summary section (p. S-2) states that
a "5,800-foot extension east of I-40 is necessary to completely
develop the interchange movements." Exhibit 8 of the Natural
Systems Technical Memorandum (NSTM), dated October 1996, shows the
eastern end of this extension in a wetland area. We question the
need for any interchange development to extend 1.1 mile from I-40
and whether the eastern end of this extension represents a true
"logical terminus" for transportation purposes between US 421 and
I-40.
The issue of termini for this project "concerns us because there
will be a desire to link adjacent sections of the project to these
points. Any work east of I-40 would restrict the alignment of the
segment which will be built from US 17 to I-40 (TIP No. R-2405).
Our comment on the 1995 DEIS noted that the upgrading of Sidbury
Road was an alternative to the new location corridors proposed by
the NCDOT. ' We recommend that the Final Environmental Impact
Statement (FEIS) fully explain the need for this 1.1-mile extension
and support the eastern end of the"extension as a logical terminus
for this project. We also recommend that the FEIS specifically
address the utility of the 1.1 mile extension in the event that R-
2405 is not build or is designed to meet I-40 either north or south
of the interchange proposed for this project.
In reference to the other parts of the Wilmington Bypass, the SDEIS
notes (p. 2-15) that the two alternatives for this project would
"not restrict consideration of other alternatives." We disagree
with this statement. Any significant extension of the present
project on new location to the east of I-40 would seem to severely
restrict the range of alternatives which would be feasible for R-
2405, and would enhance the selection of a new location corridor
for the eastern portion of the overall Wilmington Bypass. Figure
2.3 indicates that the eastern terminus of R-2633C will join R-2405
and the western terminus of R-2633C will join R-2633A/B. The
overall goal of the project is to construct a single route to join
US 17 northeast and southwest of Wilmington. We believe that
current plans to connect these three segments will result in the
central segment, the subject of this SDEIS, controlling, to some
extent, the corridors of the eastern and western parts.
The SDEIS presents two alternatives, the southern and center
alternatives. Section 2 presents a detailed analysis of the
selection and justification of these alternatives. The document
2
does not give a preference between the alternatives. In the narrow
context of the single project considered in this SDEIS, the FWS
attended interagency meetings which worked to develop alternatives
for the central part of the overall bypass. We believe that the
analysis which led to the corridors between US 421 and I-40 is
adequate.
The FWS would like to provide comments on the final design features
and eventual alignment on the highway within the corridor selected.
We strongly recommend that the final design include features to
ensure that the project does not disrupt hydrological flow within
the project area. Furthermore, we recommend that the final design
includes measures to allow the passage of amphibians, reptiles, and
small mammals.
Wetland Losses and Mitigation
Section 3 presents a comprehensive discussion of the social and
natural environmental features of the project area. Table 3-13
(pp. 3-51/52) presents an outline of the biotic communities which
would be impacted by the project. The total wetland impacts, based
on a 300-foot right-of-way, -would be 133 and 118 acres for the
southern and center alternative, respectively. The FWS is
especially concerned that both alternatives would pass through the
proposed 2,800-acre conservation area along the Northeast Cape Fear
River. As noted in the SDEIS (p. 3-63), this area consists of
wetlands, bluffs, and buffer strips on both sides of the river.
Under the 404(b)(1) guidelines of the Environmental Protection
Agency, we understand that the NCDOT should first endeavor to
avoid, then minimize, and finally compensate for wetland losses of
the project. The SDEIS discusses (p. 4-61) "potential measures to
reduce impacts to wetlands." However, the document does not state
which, if any, measures will actually be used for the project.
While noting that bridging of the wetland along the Northeast Cape
Fear River would reduce wetland impacts, the NCDOT has apparently
only given "consideration" to this design feature. We recommend
that all feasible design features and construction techniques be
employed to minimize the permanent loss of wetlands. These
measures would include, at a minimum, steeper side slopes for fill,
the elimination of lateral drainage ditches, reduced median widths
through wetlands, and the bridging of riparian wetlands along the
Northeast Cape Fear River.
Despite all efforts for avoidance and minimization, this project is `
likely to result in some permanent wetland losses. However, the
SDEIS does not present a fully developed I
plan for compensatory
mitigation. The document indicates (p. 4-61) that a potential
mitigation site would be areas within a 2,800-acre tract along the
Northeast Cape Fear River which has been proposed as a conservation
area by the Wilmington District of the U. S. Army Corps of '
Engineer. The FWS recognizes the high value of this area, but we
3
are concerned that compensation within this area may involve the
purchase of relatively undisturbed wetlands which could, in time,
be purchased by the Corps. The preservation of this area has been
designated as a separate fish and wildlife enhancement feature of
the Corps' dredging projects associated with the Wilmington Harbor
ship channel, and the Corps' proposal calls for the area to be used
for conservation purposes. Therefore, the FWS is concerned that
the use of parts of this tract by the NCDOT as compensation could
lead to a situation where two agencies were seeking to use the same
land in conjunction with two different projects. Furthermore,
compensatory mitigation within this area may rely exclusively
The
the preservation of loabout relatively
compensatorydmitigation plan
FWS would have reservations
which relied entirely on preservation.
We strongly encourage locating disturbed and/degraded wetlands
along the lower Northeast Cape Fear River which could be restored
and/or enhanced. While preservation of existing wetlands can be an
important part of a comprehensive plan which is centered on
restoration and/or enhancement, the use,.of wetland preservation to
oss
compensate for the permanent loss of wetlands results
areas a n if lose
of the functions and values provided by
project will result in a net lossn of wetland functions and values,
this loss should the FEIS.
Federally-listed Species
Section 4.3.4 of the SDEIS (pp. 4-62/65) discusses project impacts
3-56) that
on federally-protected species. The document notes (p.
habitat for two federally-endangered plants is available in the
project area. These are the rough-leaved loosestrife (LYsi The
asperulaefolia) and Cooley 's meadowrue (Thalictrum cools i).
SDEIS states that "previous field surveys" indicate that these
species do not occur within the opt adversely affect thesecspeciess
that the project is not likely
provides9 onlyNSTM contain
The protected species section of the o October
cursory
similar language. Page
specific
description of field survey merotected methodologies and The sFWS believes
information on surveys for p
that a more detailed justification for project impacts to these two
listed species shoulprovided.
The SDEIS concludes (p. 4-64) that the project is not likely to
adversely affect the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), a
federally-endangered aquat mamma r Thisareac us in is based, in
part, on the opinion that project
northern range" of the species. Data have been published
southich
document manatees at the port facility in Wilmington, just
the project area, and in the Northeast Cape e area River in Plater
county, several miles upriver from the project FWS instance is cited in the the?'summerr range f of the the manateeas The
project area to be within
4
SaSIS do,sa include a list of
'hXIS could c deed b precautions Por construction in areas
by manatees.
alelDow by the PVS. Rigorous adheren ?igto ist was supplied to would
t
pz'°jert construction without adverse i? eme conditions
would
impacts to
the senates.
In the strict sense of a corridor
believe that the develo between I-40
southern t development and analysis of the a d21, we
that the alternatives are adequate. center and
Project However, the I''it8 is
"a restrict ' as the center section of the Wilmi concerned
pass,
west. the corridor analyses of ngton Bypass,
This is most apparent in projects to the east and
Project for 1.1 miles east of I-40 the proposed extension of
this e?ctansi for 1 1 ; miles
this
part of The SIMS does not the
and I0, the transportation justify
condition w 0 (2) a logical terminus for
the link between us 421 Part of the O would not restrict corridor selection trot eastern
eastern z'all bypass.
Tb* F'KS considers
value the wetlands in the
as fish and wildlife habitat. .',p;ojact to have very high
°cfunction tigation which provides on-sites f h"Wive plan of
and velyy of in-kind rOPI&COINan
Tb4 Plan and use preserva_tion oPrisarily ?tl ,ion ?d be devalt
oped.
wtlands. my to protect and au /? enhancem
t
wtland functions mitigation plan should not result in a not I(Mg of
e
and values. a net loos of
The consideration of federall
details and clarification, y-protected species ne
The document should describe additional
method ly? use in their det the surve
two eraination that
in the Pro j ?gered plant the project would not
manatees of area. The document speci with ld also a citable habitat
commit to may oc?' in the project cknowl
the strict applicationeaof he the warmer months and
supplied by the FNS. protective
measures
Thank you for the
Thank supplem*nt opportunity to review and comment on
resources a draft EIS. Questions pertaining to thi
ish Field Office be at ted to the Fish and Wi dlife Service wildlife
Telephone: 919/8t P. 7.0. Box 337261 Raleigh,' NC Raleigh
? Fes: 919/856-4556. 27636-3726;
CC:
bcc :

-M - VV. L
a klin Vick, P. E.
NC Dept. 0! Trans
P. 0. Box 35201 anon
Raleigh, NC 27611
OEPC, WASO
FWS-ES, RO
FWS, Raleigh
Sincerely
James H. Lee
Regional Environmental Officer
?-
5
I

United States Department of the Interior
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240
ER-95/181
APR Y l 1995
Mr. Nicholas L. Graff
Division Administrator
Federal Highwa
31o New Bern ay Administration Avenue,
Suite 410
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601
Dear Mu.. Graft :
This responds
Draft Enviro
the request for the De
ant
US 421 na to no al tmpaet Statement
ver Department of the
Interiors
New Hano Count EI8) for the Y. North Carolina, Wilmington

The proposed

ington s ?...
pro3ectq which w Ypass is divided DRIS
for this segment inditee z?c? the protererst into several smaller
three segments w environmental documents. especinll hich will at the l posed project is only o e ofa The tely
segment, B concerned that the segment eventually funderthe rent revnnSof approximately
location and tenet other segment must li current review YZd t We are ause alternatives Of the ? ? of Chia segment ? 1 1 with this central the central
dictate the iocationo segment' the
This is Particularly other
for new locations Y troublesome because the
wetlands. which he eastern Th°'U.B. Fish and ould Nil result in the loss of a e9ent has been proposed
eastern segment should b dlife Service pproximatel
the FWS belie be constz?idlif lFWS) has recommended Y 80 acres of
cumulative envtronm t the DEIS is deficie epiaatdhie g existin that the
Construction ental consequences analysiq cf roads.
Therefore,
under review corridors which au°n°es Of this project. the Secondary
and
ender rev end have not been ado at physically connect wi The Pacts of future
Statement cumulative impact eub? address discussed. The FVS recommends currently
econdary (F82S) for.this project. ad in the Final ends that these
Plannin Environmental Impact
a g to avoid wetland losses includes five s
Pplied in a specified sequence. This se pacific actions which
Mitigation p the Council on $nvir Quence of actions eoagtitutao m Must be
actions o cy (?edera? Rev{?? onmental Quality and adopted tigation
are avoidance, minimisation 461151:76567663 by the ?WS i
The AEIS lists cation,rJanuary,23, 1981). nits
several design ' rectifi
in minimize
minimize wetlands im 9n and construction eduction, and c O five
de, the acts. These measures features which would avoidion, lude an
i avoid and
n wet 1, The he bridging of wetlands, and the useof reducing medi
S strongly recomma nds the use of of tOPdown" widths
dbspite the use of these construction for
deli measures,
losses 9n and construction features
may occur, It is estimated that the preferred Awe
approximately 178 acres of wetlands, It is lternative
ntegral The FWS recommends the unclear what acreage Mould impact
Bevel part of project Planning. The D$IS statesgthat of wetlands
a oped in conjunction with the that planning should be i
9encies, Corps of Engineers tigation plans will
ll
(COB) and other reGOUrae
I

1
T)1p FWS believes that current plans for compensatory mitigation are inadequate
Y'. recommends that the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
evelop a comprehensive plan for unavoidable wetland impacts. The FWS further
_ecommends that the comprehensive mitigation plan be included in the FRIS.
v
The proposed project would cross the area which has been designated as
environmental enhancement lands by the COE as part of the Wilmington Harbor.
Northeast Cape Fear River water resources development project. The FWS believes
that impacts to this area should be minimized to the maximum extent possible and
recommends a series of methods to reduce these impacts.
The DEIS presents an adequate discussion of potential impacts to federally-listed
species. The FWS is pleased that field searches were made for the red-cockaded
woodpecker (Plcoldes borealle). Based on information in the DEIS, the FWS
concurs that the project is not likely to affect federally-listed endangered or
threatened species. The FWS, however, believes that it would be prudent for the
NCDOT to consider the 14 candidate species for Federal listing in project
planning, and we strongly encourage NCDOT.to address this issue in the FEIS.
The FWS concerns related to wetland losses and secondary and cumulative impacts
of this project are substantial. Depending on the proposal included in the FEIS,
the FWS may recommend referring this project to the Council on Environmental
Quality under Section 1500 of the Council's Regulations for Implementing the
Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act. We do, however,
wish to coordinate fully at the earliest possible time and avoid any delays in
addressing transportation needs for this area, and preclude the necessity for
referral. Coordination can be initiated by contacting the Field Supervisor,
Division of 8cological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 33726,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726, telephone [phone].
The National Park Service (NPS) indicates that the DAIS provides an excellent
evaluation of the impact of alternatives on historic and archeological sites.
The NPS indicates that neither the Southern Preferred Alternative or the Northern
Alternative will impact the Thornbury and Nesses Creek Plantation Archeological
Districts. The NPS also notes that there are no prehistoric sites identified
which would be affected by the Southern Alternative and that four sites may be
eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. In correspondence
included in the DEIS, the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Officer I
(SHPO) indicates that these sites may be salvaged and are not site-significant.
The NPS notes that the crossing of the Northeast Cape Fear River has potential
with either construction alternative to impact underwater archeological sites.
However, the NCDOT agrees to an underwater archeological survey on the selected
alternative. Therefore, based on the information presented in the DEIS including
correspondence from the SHPO, the MPS agrees with the determination in the DSIS
that there are no Section 4(f) involvements with historic and archeological
sites. The DSIS does not identify that any recreational sites will be impacted
for Section 4(f) or Section 6(f) involvements.
9PICIFIC Comms
Aa;lvsis of the Alteriyives and the Selection of Preferred Alternative. paces
2-2 to 2-22
' The DEIS presents an extensive discussion of the development of alternative
routes. The DSIS describes the process by which the 36 preliminary alternatives
were reduced to two final alternatives, a Northern and Southern Alternative. The
' NCDOT has selected the Southern Alternative as the preferred route.
The FWS is very concerned about the selection of the Southern Alternative for
this section of Wilmington Bypass as it relates to the alignment of the other
segments. The Wilmington Bypass, as currently conceived, would have three
' sections which are from northeast to southwest: (1) the link from US 17 to I-40
(TIP No. R-2405) ; (2) the segment under current review from I-40 to US 412 (TIP
I
i
No- R-2633C) ; and, (3) the se 3
Bishop. eecauae the termi 9mant from US 421 to rejoin US 17 near the Town of
segment already constructed 1 of future eegmentt must join the termini of an
have a significant
cant influence one construction of the central sa
the routes of the other two segment first xi11 I gments. In August 1994, the FWS reviewed the State Environmental Assessment
betwbetween
enUS 17 and I-40 (TIP Project No. R-2405). The NCDOT
t for the
link
gment in an entirely new location which would i
Acres of wetlands and further fragmant wildlife h mpactPa°posed to build
that this segment could be constructed abitat. The FWgorecommended
just north of the two proposed alternatives. The
by upgrading existing roads which were
upgrading would call for an interchange of
does not have access 4where Sidbury Road (SR 1336) currentlet ee roads
the interchange which the NCDOTh n area is approximately one•half mild seta but `
is now proposing, north of
The FWS finds the alternative analysis section of the DEIS inadequate
route selected for this segment, the central part of the three-
Bypass, will influence the routes to be used by in that the
it will have a direct influence on losses of ithe other two part Wilmington
other two segments, and wildlife hab to and thus
The FWS recommends that the FFIS address ?theaissu,etof
environmental impacts in the remaining parts of the Wilmington 8
likely to result from the selection of the various alternatives for this se. This evaluation should bypass which are
of R-2val will consider whether the Preferred Southern Alignmen "?
be built , a preclude the upgrading of existing roads and require R-24 Seto-
now location.. If the selection of
to-
Alter ativthQ ill require the segment east the preferred l
of I-40 be built ino Southern]
result of the routs selected !oaths central ae tern segment would new
considered in the FRI8, segment, and these imp cta met direct
P,ro iect Design and
According to the DEIS, the median f -
The DBIS also indicates that if
Proposed road is
the
the o
currently 70 feet.
wetland areas, wetland losses would be reduced in is reduced to 46 feet through
the Preferred Souther
R
n
y percent along
oute . The FWS recommends that the NCDOT 7 use p
median width which is consistent wi
h
the
t
sofa highway design
,
Concerning the issue of bridging wetlands adjacent to th
River, it is stated that b
n
id
e

r
ging
ortheast Cape
Pear
with the these wetlands for the preferred Southern Route
The FWS proposed
median
re
i
o
commends
that
riparian wetlands-
the NCDOT bridge these e ito acres.
mpacts se mportant
6
,
valuable
The FWS strongly supports the use of the wtop-n construction which would minimize
o
d
construction rely e
d
wetlands losses bridge
While thes
e three design and construction techni
minimize, wetlands. losses, the NCDOT d
sues would help
commitment
avoid
oes
ma
and
not
appear to have made a firm
to their implementation. Furthermore, the ex
would be implemented

are not clearly .
act areas in which the
clearly state the NCDM, a committmenttet The ems recommends that the F
construction features th
d
impl
an
at will minimize wetlands
oss and these design and
will be employed, loss and the
areas w
here t hey '
The DEIS states that the National Marine Fisheri
Division
f

o
es Service
and the North Carolina
Marine Fisheries have recommended a construction m
Northeast Cape Fear Rivet fr
M

om
oratorium in the
arch i through
adverse impacts on the spawning July 1, in order s
to minimize
adverse stur eon and breeding of th
eon
g
e faderall
red
brevirostrum) and other anadromous fi
supports the proposed moratorium
h
. The
. he FW9
s

Wetland Losses Aa¢ Mitigation. Duaaee 3-43 to 3-48 and-4.51 to 4.54
The proposed segment of the Wilmington Bypass will impact important wetlands.
It is indicated in Table 3.13 that based on the 300-foot right-of-way, the
Preferred Southern Alternative would impact 178 acres of wetlands, a total of 62
percent of the area impacted. The highest wetlands impact would occur in pond
pine forests (101 acres), bottomland hardwoods (31 acres), and mixed Hardwoods
(18 acres), the BWS recognizes that these losses are less than those associated
with the Northern Alternative, which would impact 199 wetland acres. Based on
a consideration of only the final two build alternatives, the preferred Southern
Route apparently would result in less wetlands impact. wetlands' losses could be
further reduced by using the above-described design and construction techniques
and by employing mitigation in the context of the Council on Environmental
Quality's National Environmental Policy Act regulations.
Despite design and construction features to avoid and minimize wetland losses,
it is indicated that some unavoidable wetland losses will occur and compensatory
mitigation will be required. The FWS recommends that the lead agency include a
wetland mitigation plan for unavoidable wetlands losses, including direct,
indirect, and cumulative losses, associated with the project in the PEIS.. The
PWS will evaluate this plan in accordance with our Mitigation Policy which
considers the Resource Categories of wetlands impacted. This plan, at a minimum,
must include the following parts: -
A. the amount (in acres) and a measure of the habitat value for each typo
of wetlands lost based on the National Wetlands Inventory/Cowardin
classification system;
b. the proposed mitigation for each wetland type: either in-kind or out-of-
kind;
C. the amount (in acres) of each community type to be used for compensatory
wetlands;
d. the location of areas to ba used for compensation wetlands;
e. the present use, condition, and wetland jurisdictional status of areas
to be used for compensation wetlands;
f. the disposition of compensation wetlands (i.e., who will own, manage,
and protect the compensation wetlands in perpetuity) ;
g. a work plan which details the initial procedures which will be used to
change the present condition of each type of compensation area into a
given wetland type lost during construction (i.e., land clearing plans,
site preparation, species to be planted, ate.) ;
h. a mitigation schedule which givae a timeframe for several intermediate
goals and a final goal for the conversion of each area used for
compensation to the desired functional wetland; and, a contingency plan
which will state the actions to be taken if the goals of the mitigation
schedule are not achieved.
Regarding the location of compensatory wetlands, the PWS considers areas in the
immediate vicinity of the wetlands loot to be preferable to off-site
compensation. The issue of replacing habitat value rather than simply replacing
loot acreage should be addressed in the mitigation plan.
The been n
has atatss that both Build been designated for use as envirternative
onmental s would .
area of approx•matel pass through the area which 800 acres Harbor-Northeast Cape Fear River Project , enhancement lands by the Coo.
and butter strips on either side of the Northeaatd an part of This
was The area consists or Mver. Wilming he waton
Resources Development
either fee si opment Act
either
of 1986 directed the COE tc ac Fear River, bluffs,
er
conjunction or conservation easements to be The wat
junction with the dredgin used forum this land through
been delayed and the nt sproject.tatus Funding conservation rposee
," curre of thisfcr acquisition howgpve t is
"unscheduled conservation project is
The FWS believes that a road through this its value for environmental e proposed conservation area would reduce
significantly minimized nhancedent• However
following features throuby certain ei adverse impacts c
completel through by s
conservatin fa ea: The e FWS recommends ould be
the
Y bridged; (Z) no seconds (1) all wetlands should be
(3) a storm water collection system ?' roads or other access should be
runoff from the highway into irshould be constructed to Permitted;
upland areas which are not bridged, prevent direct
highwa and its adjacent wetlands; and, (a) in
Y at regular intervals to allow?l passageways should be placed
along the river corridor, terrestrial wildlife to under the
move unhindered
The DEIS 1 n
presents a thorou
species in the stud gh discussion of the Federal
epeeiea- The ai Y area and the potential impacts and state protected
DE'S states thtasu species of concern is of the project search, the N eurveY was conducted for the red-cockaded woodpecker.thThe
Southern alts CDOT concluded that this species. As a r
tnative would not at the construction Of either exult of this
Based on impact thin species. the northern or
information in
to adversel the DBIS, the FWS
y affect ledorally-listed endangered that the project is not likely
jurisdiction of the FNS. Therefore or threatened species under the
(ep- cit.) have been satiefTher p the requirements of
must be reconsidered if However, obl Section 7 of the Act
actz on that may (1) new info gations under Section
Y affect =oration reveals impacts of of the Act
previously considered, (3) this a ie sub er?rinni bAb this identified
n is considered in this biological assessment-)ice in a manner not
or critical habitat determined that may quently modified in a manner which
was not 3) a new Species is listed
The catsgo? Y be affected (ed by the identified action.
to of Federal candidate species (designed as either C1 or C2
any species being considered
threatened but not yet the sub by the FWS for ) refers
legally protected Jett of a proposed rul.isting as endangered or
7, until formally under the Act or subject to its Those ePeciea
candidate species have noelegai stasted tus an provisiOns, including Section
Act, their inclusion will alert threatened or endangered,
and are no protection though
Therefore, it would bs you of potential accorded proposals or listing. under
the
or their habitat,, Sitepepecificonpeeipsainfadverse is
under state protection can be ac and to candidate species the N
Heritage Pro ram acquired by contactin nd information on species
calling (91,9) 733, Post .7701.Cffice Box 27687, Raleigh, North CaOrth rolina Carolina Natural
27611 or by

6
I&EY CObt?L?
FwS is concerned that the proposed project will adversely impact wetlands of
value to fish and wildlife resource:. In order to mitigate these 108902 thQ s and recommends ofea cUse of all omprehensive Plan ofecompo sa ory mitigation0for unavoidabla and construction :eme
land losses.
appreciate the opportunity to provide these comments.
Si c rely,
Willie R. Taylor 'nvironmental Policy
Director, Office of,
and compliance
H. Franklin Vick
North Carolina Department of Transportation
poet office sox 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
United St:%LeS Department of the Ii. prior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
o -
c Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh. North Carolina 27636-3726
s.sesss•s•
¦ss_ss
s = s:
TO:
3 O ?_4a
02 INSTANT REPLY
Please excuse this form. We thought you would prefer a speedy reply to a
formal letter. This form serves to provide U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
recommendations pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, as
amended I(16 U.S.C. 1531-154(3). 1
Re : 0- Q ??.y-+ - ro-_," ' -E, . _4e_i, xr_lc 2?,{
CST "C
Project Name
l94 Z
J 144
Date of Incomi g bftt-er 1 VcNuA- (2-1-91
Based on our records, there are no Federally-listed endangered or
threatened species which may occur within the project impact area.
The attached page(s) list(s) the Federally-listed species which
may occur within the project impact area.
If the proposed project will be removing pines greater than or equal
to 30 years of age in pine or pine/hardwood habitat, surveys should
be conducted for active red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in
appropriate habitat within a 1/2 mile radius of project boundaries.
If red-cockaded woodpeckers are observed within the project area or
active cavity trees found, the project has the potential to adversely
affect the red-cockaded woodpecker, and you should contact this
office for further information.
Concur - Is not likely to adversely affect Federally-listed
endangered or threateded species.
Staffing limitations prevent us from conducting a field inspection
of the project site. Therefore, we are unable to provide you
with site specific recommendations at this time.
Questions regarding this form letter may be directed to the biologist who is
handling this project.
Biologist Date
CONCUR ?S 9Z
Endangered Species Date
Coordinator
..a
REVISED OCTOBER 10, 1991
2 PAGES
Brunswick County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia m das) - T
Shortnose sturgeon (Aciser brevirestrom)
_ E
Florida manatee (Tricue mangy) - E
Bald eagle (Naliaeetue leucoceohalu_) _ E
Piping Plover (Charadrius a odu ) - T
Red-cockaded woodpecker ( E2 de borealis) _ g
Kemp's (Atlantic) ridley sea turtle (Lenidochelvs kemvii) - E
Arctic peregrine falcon
Wood stork (Mvcteria (Falco Der Grin"° tundrius) - T
americans) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) - T
Rough-leaved loosestrife (Lvsi_ maces aeDerulaefolia) - E
Cooley's meadowrue (Thalictrum o "e) _ E
Eastern cougar ( e 's eoncolor cououar) - E
Leatherback sea turtle (Dermoch eve co aces) - E
American alligator (Alligator miseissinn'o.;?.?
-• ? - T S/A+
Sea turtles when "in the water" and the shortnose sturgeon are under the
jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service and should be
contacted concerning your agency's responsibilities under Section 7 of the
Endangered species Act. Their address is:
National Marine Fisheries Service
U.S. Department of commerce
9450 Koger Boulevard
Duval Building
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
I

w

Brunswick County (cont'd)
There are species which, although not now listed or officially proposed for
listing as endangered or threatened, are under status review by the Service.
These "Candidate" (C1 and C2) species are not legally protected under the
Act, and are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7,
until they are formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered. we
are providing the below list of candidate species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of giving you advance notification. These
species may be listed in the future, at which time they will be protected
under the Act. In the meantime, we would appreciate anything you might do
for them.
Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) - C2
Carolina crawfish frog (Rana areolata capito) - C2
Magnificent ramshorn snail (Planorbella maanifica) - C2
Rare skipper (Problems bulenta) - C2
Sea-beach amaranth (Amaranthus gpmilus) - C2
Chapman's sedge (Carex chapmanii) - C2
Carolina grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia caroliniana) - C2
Awned meadowbeauty ( he a ariatosa) - C2
Sun-facing coneflower (Rudbeckia helinsidis) - C2
Carolina goldenrod (Solidaoo pulchra) - C2
Spring-flowering goldenrod (,Solidaoo ve ) - C2
Wireleaf dropseed (Sporobolus teretifolius) - C2
Carolina pygmy sunfish (Elassoma boehlkei) - C2
Savanna leadplant (gmorvha aeorciana confusa) - C2
Savanna campylopus (Campylopus carolinae) - C2•
Harper's fringe rush (Fimbistvlis yerpusilla) - C2
Pondspice ( se aestivalis) - C2
Carolina bogmint (Macbridea caroliniana) - C2
Barbara's buttons (Marshallia crandiflora - C2
Loose watermilfoil (Myriophyllum laxum - C2
Savanna cowbane (Qxvvolis ternata - C2
Pineland plantain (plantaoo sparsiflora) - C2
Carolina asphodel (Tofieldia alabra) - C2
Dune blue curls (Trichostemi op.) - C2
+Threatened/Similarity of Appearance
*Indicates no specimen in at least 20 years from this county.
REVISED OCTOBER 10, 1991
2 PACES 1
New Hanover County 11
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mvdas) - T
Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) - T
Shortnose sturgeon (Acivenser breviros rum) - E
Cooley's meadowrue (Thalictrum coop) - E
Piping plover (sharadrius me o s) - T
Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelve coriacea) - E
Kemp'¦ Ridley sea turtle (Levidochelvs kemci) - E
American alligator (Alligator mississinniensis) - T S/A+
Sea turtles when "in the water" and the shortnose sturgeon is under the
jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service and should be
contacted concerning your agency's responsibilities under Section 7 of the
Endangered species Act. Their address is:
National Marine Fisheries Service
U.S. Department of commerce
9450 Koger Boulevard
Duval Building
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
+Threatened/Similarity of Appearance
United States Department of the Interior
' FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
?? .
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
r 0
March 6, 1991
Mr. L. J. Ward, Manager i,? O 9
Planning and Research Branch
Division of Highways ?` tG?
U, P-
N.C. Department of Transportation
P.O. Box 25201 l .o t
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-5201 -n r /
Sub ect: Sco in Comments for the tf
j p g proposed Wilmington p??LaHin
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties; TIP No. R-2
Dear Mr. Ward:
This responds to your letter of February 15, 1991, requesting comments on
the proposed project. These comments are provided in accordance with
provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.
661-667e) and Section 7 of Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1531-1543).
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is particularly concerned about
potential impacts of the proposed project upon stream ecosystems and
associated wetlands within the study corridor. At least eight stream and
wetland crossings are present in the study corridor. Special care should be
exercised in the design and implementation of all stream crossing
structures.
The attached pages identify the Federally-listed endangered (E) and
threatened (T) species which may occur in the proposed project corridor. If
the proposed project will be removing pines greater than or equal to 30
years of age in pine or pine/hardwood habitat, surveys should be conducted
for active red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in appropriate habitat
within a 1/2 mile radius of project boundaries. If red-cockaded woodpeckers
are observed within the project area or active cavity trees found, the
project has the potential to adversely affect the red-cockaded woodpecker
and you should contact this office for further information.
The service's review of any environmental document would be greatly
facilitated if it contained the following information:
1) A description of the fishery and wildlife resources within existing
and required additional right-of-way and any areas, such as borrow
areas, which may be affected directly or indirectly by the proposed
improvements.
2) Acreage of branches, creeks, streams, rivers or wetlands to be
filled. Wetlands affected by the proposed project should be mapped in
accordance with the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating
Jurisdictional Wetlands.
3) Linear feet of any water courses relocated.
4) Acreage of upland habitats, by cover type, which would be eliminated.
5) Techniques which will be employed for designing and constructing any
relocated stream channels or for creating replacement wetlands.
6) Mitigation measures which will be employed to avoid, eliminate,
reduce or compensate for habitat value losses associated with any of the
proposed improvements.
7) Assessments of the expected secondary and cumulative impacts of the
proposed project on fish and wildlife resources.
• Sincerely yours,
L.K. Mike Gantt
Supervisor
Attachments

i
MrISED APRIL 5, 1990
Brunswick County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mx-das) - T
Short-nose sturgeon (Acinenser brevirostrom) - E
Eastern cougar (Felis concolor cow ar) - E*
West Indian (Florida) manatee (Trichechus manatus) - E
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocenhalus) - E
Piping plover (Charadrius melodus) - T
Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) - E
Kemp's (atlantic) ridley- sea turtle (Lenidochelrs kemtii) - E
Peregrine falcon (Falco pereerinus) - E
Wood stork (*lvcteria americana) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) - T
Rough-leaved loosestrife.Mysimachia asperulaefolia) - E
There are species which, although not now listed or officially prop3sE.'. fs
listing as endangered or threatened, are under status review by zhe Service.
"Status Review" (SR) species are not legally- protected under ti:e Act, pn-_.
are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until th=°
are formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered. We are
providing the below list of status review species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of giving you advance notification. These
species may be listed in the future, at which time they will be pr otecte`'
eider the Act. In the meantime, we would appreciatb anything o;: might d:0
for them.
rc:: i?;?? :^. C-,
.C-arolina F'Opher f r :!g ' Rarr- arep!8 to ca;.::.G i - SR
Ca;ye Fear ramshorn snail (iiaiisoma macnificum) - SR.
Rare slip; er ( ro lema hul erta) - SE
Sensitive joint-veth (Aesch«iom=_ne i-irriniz-a;.- S.
Sea-'beach pigweed (?-inranthus numilus) - Sr
Riverbank sand grass (Calsmovilfa brevinilis) - S
Chapman's sed^e (Care ?• charm^ii) - SR
Henslov' s sparrow (Ammodz arras hens _a i i) - SR,
H_--per's fringe-rush (Fimbris rlis rernusi'-'_a) - Sr'
Sarvis holly 1=1ex amelanchier) - SR
Carolina lilaeopsis (Lilaeonsis carolinensis) - S::
Loose uateimilfoil (`1triophvIl m, lruxum) - Sr
Carolina grass-of-parnassus (P^nassia caroliniana) - S•
Well's pixie-moss (Prxidarthera barbulata v::. brevif--:ia) - SF.
Awned meadowbeauty (P.henia aristosa) - SP.
Sun-facing coneflower (Ttudtecl:ia helinsidis) - SR
Carolina goldenrod (Solidag pulchra) - SR
Spring-flowering goldenrod (SG1_ idag verna) - SR
i,ireleaf dropseed (Snorobolus teretifolius.) - SP.
VConsidered extipated in N=orth Carolina.
REVISED APRIL 5, 1990
New Hanover County
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mvdas) - T
Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) - E
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caret ta caretta) - T
Shortnose sturgeon (Acivenser brevirostrum) - E
Cooley's meadow-rue (Thal_ ictrum coole i) - E
Piping plover (charadrius melodus) - T
There are species which, although not now listed or officially proposeed_ifor
,act, and
listing as endangered or threatened, are under status review "Status Review" (SR) species are not Iegally protected under the the .
are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section ?, until the:-
are formally proposed or listed as threatened or endangered. We are
providing the below list of status review species which may occur within the
project area for the purpose of giving you advance notification. These
species may be listed in the future, at which time they will be protected
under the Act. In the meantime, we would appreciate am-thing You might du
for them.
Carol-la gopher frog (Rana areolata ca ito) - SR
Cape Fear ramshorn snail (Hel_isoma M_a ificum) - SR
Greenfield ramshorn snail (Taphius eucou eucosmius) - SR
Rare skipper (Problema bulenta) - SR
Sea-beach pigweed (Amaranthus pumilus) - SR
Riverbank sand grass (Calamovilfa brevipilis) - SR
Chapman's sedge (Carex 212Manii) - SR
Cypress {nee sedge (Carex decomposita) - SR
Carolina lilaeopsis (Lilaeopsis carolinensis) - SR
False cocoa (Pteroglossaspis ecristata) - SR
Spring-flowering goldenrod (Solids o verna) - SR
Pickering's morning glory (StYlisma pickeringii var. pickerinaii) - SR
Carolina spleenwort (Asplenium heteroresiliens) - SR
White wicky (kalmia cuneata) - SR
UNITEO STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMME0
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administr_
NATIONAL MAnli\;E FISHErIES SEPVICE
Southeast Regional Office
9721 Executive Center Drive N 1
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
March 26, 1997 RECE1vEia{
APR 2 1997 I
<6011U1TnDy r1l7A t:U
Colonel Terry R. Youngbluth
District Engineer, Wilmington District
Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Attention Scott McLendon
Dear Colonel Youngbluth:
In accordance with Part IV, Section 3(a) of the current Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between
the Departments of Commerce and the Army, I am notifying you of the National Marine Fisheries
Service's (NMFS) intent to consider referral of Department of the Army (DOA) permit application
199403552 dated February 27, 1997. At issue is the request by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) to place fill material in waters and wetlands adjacent to the Northeast Cape
Fear River, Ness Creek, and other unnamed tributaries of the Northeast Cape Fear River to construct
the Wilmington Bypass north of Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. This letter
details reasons: (1) why there may be substantial and unacceptable adverse impacts to aquatic
resources of national importance; and (2) why issuance of the specified permit must be conditioned
or denied to protect these resources.
The proposed project consists of the construction of 7.8 miles of 4-lane median divided freeway from
east of I-40 to US 421 west of the Northeast Cape Fear River. The typical cross section includes a
46-foot-wide grassed median. A high rise bridge with a 65 foot vertical clearance will be constructed
over the Northeast Cape Fear River.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) which was circulated in January 1995 described
two alternative alignments for the highway, a Southern Alternative and a Northern Alternative. A
Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS), which addressed a new Central
Alternative, was circulated for review in December 1996. Based on substantial adverse impacts to
natural and cultural resources, the Northern Alternative was eliminated from further consideration
in April 1996.
1
t

Wetlands impacted by the project include a mixture of bottomland hardwoods, tidal, fresh, and
saltwater marsh, tidal cypress and gum swamp, pocosin, and wet pine flats. Total wetland impacts
would be 130 acres and 116 acres of wetlands for the Southern and Central alternatives, respectively.
0 Pnnled oaf Recycled P-111-
t
7 'IV
Weiland species commonly found in the project area include bald cypress (Taxodium distichum),
tupelo gum (Nvssa Aggatica), black: gum (Nvssa UIvatica), green ash C -.anus aennsvlvanica),
swamp black gum vssa svi?vatica), sweet gum (LiQUidambar styraciflua), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda),
wax myrtle erica cerifera), cattail (Typha sp.), soft rush (Juncus effusus), and saw grass (Cladium
iamaicense). These wetlands perfoR as maintenance fun UonsniWfunctions etlands adjacentgto providing uplands function ?o
aquatic species and water quality
slow storm water run-off and trap excessive sediments, nutrients, and pollutants before they can reach
surface waters, thereby, aiding in the maintenance of water quality.' By removing excessive
sediments, nutrients, and pollutants from adjacent waters during periods of seasonal flooding,
seasonally and tidally flooded wooded wetlands and marshes also function to maintain water quality
in the Northeast Cape Fear River.' These wetlands are also a source of primary productivity and
provide a source of detritus, an important component in the aquatic food chain supporting fishery
resources. When flooded these wetlands also provide important nursery area functions for a host of
estuarine dependent and anadromous fish and shellfish.'
The Northeast Cape Fear River and its tributaries and adjacent wetlands, including portions of the
project area, have been designated as primary nursery areas (PNA) by the North Carolina Division
of Marine Fisheries. PNAs are defined as those ,areas in which, for reasons such as food, cover,
bottom type, salinity, temperature, and other factors, young finfish and crustaceans spend the major
portion of their initial growing season.' This designation reemphasizes the importance of these
wetlands-to the continued production of fishery resources.
Commercially and recreationally important, fishery resources found in the project area include
estuarine dependent species such as spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), flounders (Paralichthvs spp.),
Atlantic croaker (Mcrooogonias undulatus), striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), shrimp enaeus spp.),
and blue crab (Callinectes sa idus . These species are identified in Section 906(e)(1) of the Water
Resources Development Act of 1986 (PL 99-602) as species of "national economic importance". A
fishery management plan (FMP) for shrimp has been developed by the South Atlantic Fishery
Management Council (SAFMC) because shrimp stocks are reduced. Additionally, the Mid-Atlantic
Fishery Management Council, in cooperation with the SAFMC, has developed FMPs for summer
flounder. The FMP for shrimp and flounder specify rigorous management and protection of the
managed species and their essential habitat.
INC Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program. 1995. Volume VI: Wetlands and Riparian
Areas. NCDEHNR- Raleigh, NC. p 60.
2Wharton, C.H., W.M. Kitchens, E.C. Pendleton, and T.W. Sipe. 1982. The ecology of
bottomland hardwood swamps of the Southeast: a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.,
Biol. Ser. Prog., Washington, D.C. FWS/OBS-81/37.
'Wiegert, R.G. and B.J. Freeman. 1990. Tidal salt marshes of the southeast Atlantic coast:
a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(7.29). 70 pp.
'NC Division of Marine Fisheries. 1993. Description of North Carolina's Coastal Fishery
Resources, 1972-1993. NCDEFLNR. 106pp.
-anadromous fishes including striped bass (-4 rone saYatilis), American shad (A1osa sapidissima),
blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), hickory shad Alosa mediocris), and Atlantic sturgeon (Aciipenser
oxvrhvnchus) also use the project area as nursery habitat. Anadromous fishery resources are
dependent on hardwood swamps for annual pulses of detritus which form the basis of complex food
webs that support fish productivity in the ecological system.' In recent years, landings of these
important species have declined which has been attributed to declines in water quality and losses of
habitat.6 Under the Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act of 1993, the Atlantic
States Marine Fisheries Commission is developing management plans for these species which include
protection of managed species and their essential habitats. Accordingly, we regard these fishery
resources and their associated habitat as aquatic resources of "national economic importance".
The NMFS has been involved with this project since its onset in 1989, including on-site inspections,
interagency meetings, and the review of the DEIS and SDEIS. Based on this involvement, we believe
that the wetland losses associated with either alternative will be detrimental to NMFS trust resources.
However, we believe that the Center Alternative is environmentally preferable to the Southern
Alternative since the overall wetland losses are less with the Center Alternative and it includes
bridging of all wetlands located adjacent to the Northeast Cape Fear River. The Southern Alternative
is totally unacceptable since it does not bridge rivetine wetlands and involves the loss of more wetland
acreage.
Even.though this project has been in the planning stage for a considerable time, there remains many
issues that must be resolved before the NMFS can recommend authorization for this work. The goals
of wetland avoidance and impact minimization, as well as provisions for adequate mitigation for
unavoidable wetland losses, must be achieved prior to federal authorization for this work. To
accomplish these goals the following criteria or standards must be met:
1. All riverine wetlands must be bridged with bridge design and construction techniques being
selected to minimize impacts to wetlands and fishery resources. Impacts associated with construction
techniques are of great concern to the NMFS in areas which support an annual anadromous fish
migration. The use of construction techniques which minimize impacts to fisheries is essential for
agreement on federal authorization by the NMFS.
17. Primary nursery areas must be protected from discharges of storm water run-old bod.
temporary and permanent, as well as, other pollutants associated with highway and bridge
construction.
3. Seasonal work restrictions protecting anadromous fishery resources, which include the
I
5IMeeter, D.A., &J. Livingston, and G.C. Woodsum. 1979. Long term climatological cycles
and population changes in a river-dominated estuarine system. pp. 315-338. In R.J. Livingston (ed.)
Ecological Processes in Coastal and Marine Systems. Plenum Press. New York, New York.
6E eri
pp y, S.P. and S.W. Ross. 1986. Characterization of the North Carolina Pamlico-
Albemarle Estuarine Complex. NOAA Technical Memorandum NTIFS-SEFC-175.
E
endangered shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), must be in place and strictly adhered to.
Since the shortnose sturgeon is a likely inhabitant in the Cape Fear River system, in `nccordance with
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, it is the responsibility of the appropriate federal
regulatory agency to review its activities and programs and to identify any activity or programs that
may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitat. Due to the possible presence of
protected species, consultation with our Protected Species Management Branch at the letterhead
address, must be initiated. If it is determined that these activities may adversely affect any species
listed as endangered or threatened, then formal consultation is required. To date, we have no record
of any coordination or consultation with our Protected Species Management Branch.
4. An acceptable mitigation plan to compensate for unavoidable wetland losses must be an
integral part of the project plans. Any mitigation proposed must be in accordance with the 1990
MCA Between the Environmental Protection Agency and the DOA concerning the Determination
of Mitigation Under the Clean Water Act Section 404 (b)(1) Guidelines. As currently proposed,
neither alternative has demonstrated compliance with this MOA in the areas of wetland avoidance and
impact minimization. The SDEIS addressed a mitigation plan consisting of the purchase of 2,300
acres of wetlands located on both sides of the Northeast'Cape Fear River north of Wilmington, North
Carolina. This plan is almost totally preservation of existing wetlands. While the proposed
preservation area could be a component of a mitigation plan, preservation alone is unacceptable to
the NMFS as a total mitigation package. At a minimum, adequate wetland mitigation must provide
a 1:1 replacement ratio, in-kind and in the same river basin as that of the losses.
The public notice does not address the cumulative impacts associated with this, along with
approximately 12 other highway projects in the Cape Fear River Basin. We believe that a formal
accounting of NCDOT's overall impacts on this area is necessary for future planning in the area of
impact mitigation.
Based on the above, the NMFS believes that the Center Alternative will have the least impact on
I MFS trust resources. However, there are unresolved issues which must be addressed before this
work will be acceptable to the NMFS. Therefore, we recommend that federal authorization of this
work not be granted.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide these comments.
Sincerely,
Andreas Mager, Jr.
40, / Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division

cc: F%VS, ATLA, GA
FWS, Raleigh, NC
EP., ATLA, GA
NCDEHNR, Raleigh, NC
NCDEHNR, Morehead City, NC
SAFMC, Charleston, SC
F/SEOI
F/SE02

I
r

AGENDA
WILMINGTON BYPASS AGENCY MEETING
OCTOBER 29, 1998 - 2:00 PM
Purpose of Meeting - Discuss Bridging across the Northeast Cape Fear River and surrounding
Wetlands focusing on Bridge Types and Construction Access
1. Introduction - Leigh Lane of Planning & Environmental
II. Understanding of Meeting - John Frye of Structure Design
Project Overview
Status of Bridge Type Selection Process
III. Description of Bridge Types Studied - Steve Doerrer of URS Greiner, Inc. and
P. Y. Lin of T. Y. Lin International
IV. Methods of Construction - Steve Doerrer and P. Y. Lin
V. Open Discussion - John Frye
VI. Where do we go from here .. .
NOTES: AIL424 ,ot 4, , , -te ;

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MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
1 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
ARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
LYNDO TIPPETT
September 26, 2002 SECRETARY
PROJECT: 6.25800113
TIP NO.: (R-2633CA)
CONTRACT #: C-105517
COUNTY: New Hanover
DESCRIPTION: US-17 Wilmington Bypass from West of US-421
North of Wilmington to West of US-117/NC-133
Mr. John Hennessy
NC Division of Water Quality/ Wetlands
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
SUBJECT: Temporary Work Bridge
Dear Mr. Hennessy:
Attached for your review and approval is one (1) copy of the Contractor's Proposed Temporary
Work Bridge, for use on the above referenced project, as required by our Contract on Page 371.
The Temporary Work Bridge is within the footprint as shown in the permit.
If you have any questions, please advise.
Yours very
U?/ If /
O. T. A dPE
Resident Engineer
OTA/bkm
cc: H. A. Pope, PE
0 Resident Engineer's Office, 300 Division Drive, Wilmington, NC 28401 0) Phone: [phone] Cn Fax: [phone]

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