19980985 Ver 1_Complete File_19981005

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director 6Tk:?WAA
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
1 •
NC ENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
October 7, 1998
Johnston County
WQC 401 Project # 980985
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification
Mr. Bill Gilmore
NC DOT
PO Box 25201
Raleigh, NC 27611-5201
Dear Mr. Gilmore:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions, to place fill material in 0.28 acres of wetlands or
waters for the purpose of replacing bridge 77 over Hannah Creek, as you described in your application dated September 30
1998. After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by General Water Quality Certification
Number 3107. This Certification allows you to use Nationwide Permit Number 23 when the Corps of Engineers issues it.
In addition, you should get any other federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project including (but
not limited to) Sediment and Erosion Control, Coastal Stormwater, Non-Discharge and Water Supply Watershed
regulations. Also this approval will expire when the accompanying 404 or CAMA permit expires unless otherwise
specified in the General Certification.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application. If you change your
project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application for a new certification. If the property is
sold, the new owner must be given a copy of the Certification and approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying
with all conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre, compensatory mitigation
may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506 (h). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions
listed in the attached certification.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You must
act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition which conforms to
Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh,
N.C. 276 1 1-7447. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. If you
have any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-1786.
Sincerely,
Howard, Jr. P.E.
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Raleigh Field Office
Raleigh DWQ Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Central Files
980985.1tr
Division of Water Quality • Environmental Sciences Branch
Environmental Sciences Branch, 4401 Reedy Creek Rd., Raleigh, NC 27607 Telephone [phone]
FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer • 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper
.& 4 0
40° t
r
?y
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPAPIMENT OF IRAN '•Qt?,TATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR.
GOVERNOR
RO. BOX 25201, RALEIGH. N.C. IM 57#E. NORRIS TOLSON
l ti' /....... a(?(G??? SECRETARY
0O CT
September 30, 1998 5 Rn(?N,pSGRn
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Field Office
6508 Falls of the Neuse Road, Suite 120 / 601,/
Raleigh, North Carolina 2761 5 r
ATTENTION: Eric Alsmeyer / 401 1r1??
NCDOT Coordinator ?.
Dear Sir:
Subject: Johnston County, Replacement of Bridge No. 77 over Hannah Creek on
SR 1171, Federal Project No. BRZ-1171(1), State Project No. 8.231190 1,
T.I.P. No. B-2991.
Please find enclosed three copies of the project planning report for the above referenced
project. Bridge No. 77 will be replaced at its existing location with a bridge 37 meters
(121 feet) long and with a clear roadway width of 9.0 meters (30 feet). Traffic will be
detoured on existing secondary roads during construction. Construction of the proposed
project may impact approximately 0.1 1 hectares (0.28 acres) of jurisdictional wetlands.
Construction of the project will take place so as to avoid in-stream activities between
April 1 and June 15 to avoid interfering with fish reproduction. In addition, an in-stream
survey for the presence of dwarf wedge mussels will be conducted prior to right-of-way
acquisition.
The project is being processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a "Categorical
Exclusion" in accordance with 23 CFR 711 5(b). Therefore, we do not anticipate
requesting an individual permit, burpropose to roceed under a Nationwide Permit in
accordance with 33 CFR Appendix A (13-2. . The provisions of Section 330.4 and
Appendix A (C) of these reg ?tios wwt be followed in the construction of the project.

410 A i,
2
We anticipate a 401 General Certification will apply to this project, and are providing one
copy of the CE document to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Division of Water Quality, for their review.
If you have any questions or need additional information please call Ms. Alice N. Gordon
at 733-7844 Ext. 307.
Sincerely,
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
WDG/plr
cc: w/attachment
Mr. David Franklin, Corps of Engineers, Wilmington Field Office
Mr. John Dorsey, NCDENR, Division of Water Quality
Mr. Whitmel Webb, P.E., Program Development Branch
Mr. R. L. Hill, P.E., Highway Design Brancl:
Mr. A. L. Hankins, P.E., Hydraulics Unit
Mr. William J. Rogers, P.E., Structure Design Unit
Mr. Tom Shearin, P.E., Roadway Design Unit
Mr. D. R. Dupree, P.E., Division 4 Engineer
Mr. J. A. Bissett, Jr., P & E Project Planning Engineer
I

Johnston County
SR 1171
Bridge No. 77 Over Hannah Creek
Federal-Aid Project BRZ-1171(1)
State Project No. 8.2311901
T.I.P. No. B-2991
CATEGORICAL
EXCLUSION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
N.C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
ilt, A
fl
`
DA E H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch, NCDOT
06/3 a/ 97
DATE ?wNi olas L. Graf, P.E.
/' Division Administrator, FHWA

Johnston County
SR 1171
Bridge No. 77 Over Hannah Creek
Federal-Aid Project BRZ-1171(1)
State Project No. 8.2311901
T.I.P. No. B-2991
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
JUNE, 1997
Document Prepared by Wang Engineering Company, Inc.

Pamela R. Williams ??•?pEESS/p'•.;?q
Project Engineer •
SQL
7521
',
ames Wang, Ph.D., P. E. ''???Fn
?``P??`\
n
n
President ??
?u?
i??
For North Carolina Department of Transportation
z Z//, 4
J. A. Bisset, Jr., P.E., Unit Head
Consultant Engineering Unit
J ph Westbrook, Jr., Project 5figineer
onsultant Engineering Unit 41
Johnston County
SR 1171
Bridge No. 77 Over Hannah Creek
Federal-Aid Project No. BRZ-1171(1 )
State Project No. 8.2311901
T.I.P. No. B-2991
Bridge No. 77 is included in the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) 1998-
2004 Transportation Improvement Program. The location is shown in Figure 1. No substantial
impacts are anticipated as a result of this action. The project is classed as a Federal
"Categorical Exclusion."
1. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS
1. All Standard procedures and measures, including NCDOT's Best Management Practices for
Protection of Surface Waters and Stream Crossing Guidelines for Anadromous Fish
Passage will be implemented, as applicable, to avoid or minimize environmental impacts.
2. Construction of the project will take place in such a manner as to avoid instream activities
between April 1 and June 15 to avoid interfering with fish reproduction.
3. An instream survey for the presence of the dwarf wedge mussels will be conducted, prior to
right-of-way acquisition.
4. Borrow / waste areas will not be located in wetlands. Compensatory mitigation will be
required if wetlands are impacted by waste or borrow.
II. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
Bridge No. 77 will be replaced on the existing alignment. It will be replaced with a new bridge
having a clear roadway width of 9.2 meters (30 ft) and a length of approximately 37 meters
(120 ft).
The minimum grade of the new structure will be 0.3% to facilitate deck drainage.
The proposed approach roadway will have a 7.2 meter (24 ft) travelway with 2.4 meters (8 ft)
shoulders. When guardrail is warrented, the shoulder width will be 3.4 meters (111 ft.) The
approach work will extend approximately 46 meters (150 ft.) north and 100 meters (330 ft.)
south of the proposed bridge.
During construction, traffic will be detoured off-site as shown in Figure 1.
The estimated cost, based on current prices, is $534,370 including $23,000 for right-of-way and
$511,370 for construction. The estimated cost of the project, as shown in the NCDOT 1998-
2004 Transportation Improvement Program, is $285,000 including $35,000 for right-of-way and
$250,000 for construction.
III. EXISTING CONDITIONS
SR 1171 is classed as a rural local route in the Statewide Functional Classification System.
Land in the immediate vicinity of the bridge is primarily swamp, woods, and residential.
Approximately 45.7 meters (150 ft.) north of Bridge No. 77, SR 1220 enters from the east, and
the entrance to a Benson waste water treatment plant enters from the west. The bridge is
approximately 2743 meters (9000 ft) upstream from the confluence of Stoney Fork and Hannah
Creek.
The existing bridge is located in the tangent section of the roadway. The projected traffic
volume is 1450 vehicles per day (vpd) for 1998 and 1950 vpd for the design year 2018. The
volumes include one percent truck-tractor semi-trailer (TTST) and two percent dual-tired
vehicles (DT). The speed limit is not posted, therefore, it is assumed to be 90 km/h (55 mph) at
the project site.
The existing dual lane bridge was built in 1953 (Figure 3). The superstructure consists of
reinforced concrete deck with timber joists and an asphalt wearing surface. The substructure
consists of timber caps and piles with cross bracing and vertical timber bulkheads at the
abutments.
The overall length of the bridge is 21.3 meters (70 ft). The clear roadway width is 7.6 meters (25
ft). The posted weight limit is 24,494 kilograms (27 tons) for single vehicles and 30,844
kilograms (34 tons) for truck-tractor semi-trailers.
The existing roadway approaching the bridge is 6.0 meters (20 ft.) wide with 3.0 meters (10.0 ft.)
shoulders.
Bridge No. 77 has a sufficiency rating of 47.4, compared to a rating of 100 for a new structure.
Underground telephone cable owned by Carolina Telephone Company exists on the east side
of the project and are aerial over the creek. Power lines owned by Carolina Power and Light
Company are located on the west side of the project then cross to the east side at the north end
of the bridge. A high tension power line owned by CP&L crosses SR 1171 approximately 70
meters (230 ft) north of the bridge. There is a 100mm (4 in) forced main sanitary sewer line
owned by the Town of Benson on the west side of the project. The line comes from South
Johnston High School, crosses 1-95 and goes to the waste treatment plant which is located west
of the project.
One accident was reported in the vicinity of the bridge during the period from July 1, 1993 to
June 30, 1996.
Three Johnston County school buses cross the bridge twice daily.
IV. ALTERNATIVES
The alternatives studied for replacing Bridge No. 77 included:
Alternate A (Recommended): Replace Bridge No. 77 at existing location with an off site detour.
A detour route on existing roads is approximately 4.8 kilometers (3.0) miles in length. The
existing roads are adequate for a detour route.
Alternate B: Replace the bridge on existing alignment with a temporary on-site detour east of
the existing bridge. The roadway grade of the new structure will be approximately the same as
the grade on the existing bridge.
Other Alternates:
The "do-nothing" alternative would eventually necessitate closure of the bridge. This is not
desirable due to the traffic service provided by SR 1171.
Investigation of the existing structure by Bridge Maintenance Unit indicates the rehabilitation of
the old bridge is not feasible due to its age and deteriorated condition.
V. ESTIMATED COST
The estimated costs of the alternate studied, based on current prices, are as follow:
(Recommended)
Alternate A Alternate B
Structure Removal (existing) $ 11,340 $ 11,340
Structure (proposed) 238,300 238,300
Temp. Detour Structure and Approaches N/A 184,340
Roadway Approaches 74,730 74,730
Miscellaneous and Mobilization 123,600 188,300
Engineering and Contingencies 63,400 103,000
ROW/Const. Easements/Utilities 23,000 42,000
TOTAL $ 534,370 $ 842,010
VI. TRAFFIC DETOUR
A nine month road closure period is anticipated. Traffic will be detoured along SR 1169, SR
1209, SR 1220 and SR 1158, for an approximate distance of 4.8 kilometers (3.0 miles). The
detour roadway and bridges are adequate to accommodate the detoured traffic during the
construction period.
Provision of an on-site detour is not justifiable due to added cost incurred and additional impact
to the wetlands.
VII. RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS
Alternate A is recommended because it is the most economical and minimizes impacts to
wetlands.
Bridge No. 77 will be replaced on the existing alignment at approximately the same elevation
with a length of 37 meters (120 ft).
A 9.2 meter (30 ft) clear roadway width is recommended on the replacement structure in
accordance with the current NCDOT Bridge Policy. This will provide a 7.2 meter (24 ft)
travelway with 1 meter (3 ft) shoulders across the structure.
A 7.2 meter (24 ft) travelway with 2.4 meter (8 ft) shoulders will be provided on the proposed
approaches.
The Division Engineer concurs in the recommendation that the structure be replaced on the
existing alignment with SR 1171 closed during construction and traffic detoured along other
existing roads.
Based on a preliminary hydraulic analysis utilizing the 25 year design storm, the new structure is
recommended to have a length of approximately 37 meters (120 ft). The elevation of the new
structure will be approximately the same as the existing bridge. The replacement structure will
maintain a minimum 0.3% grade to facilitate deck drainage. The length and height may be
increased or decreased as necessary to accommodate peak flows as determined by further
hydrologic studies.
VIII. NATURAL RESOURCES
The proposed project study area lies within the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province in rural in
Johnston County, approximately 4.0 kilometers (2.5 miles) north of Benson, North Carolina
(Figure 1).
Methodology
Informational sources used to prepare this report include: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Benson quadrangle map (1973); Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Soil Survey of Johnston
County (1994); United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory
Map (Benson 1995); USFWS list of protected species and federal species of concern (1997);
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database of rare species and unique
habitats (1996); NCDOT aerial photography of the project area (1:1200); North Carolina Division
of Environmental Management (NCDEM) water resource data; and North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission (NCWRC) proposed critical habitat information. Research using these
resources was conducted prior to the field investigation.
A general field survey was conducted along the proposed project corridor on October 10, 1996.
Plant communities and their associated wildlife were identified using a variety of observation
techniques, including active searching, visual observations with binoculars, and identifying
characteristic signs of wildlife (sounds, tracks, scat, and burrows).
Quantitative impact calculations were based on the worst case scenario using the full 24.4
meter (80.0 foot) wide right-of-way limits, the width of the stream for aquatic impacts, and the
length of the project approaches. The actual construction impacts will be less, but without
specific replacement structure design information (pier intrusions, etc.) the worst case was
assumed for the impact calculations.
Definitions for area descriptions used in this report are as follows: "project study area", the
"project area", and "project corridor' denote the speck area being directly impacted by each
alternative. "Project vicinity" denotes the area within a 1.6 kilometer (1.0 mile) radius of the
project area.
Topography and Soils
The topography of the project area is characterized as rolling hills to flat. Project area elevation
is approximately 43 meters (140 feet).
According to the General Soil Map for Johnston County (SCS, 1994), the area within the swamp
consists of Wehadkee-Bibb-Chewacla soil association which is described as well drained to
poorly drained, nearly level soils that are subject to flooding found on floodplains and stream
terraces.
The specific map units consist of Bibb sandy loam which is described as poorly drained soil in
flood plains and in narrow drainageways throughout the Coastal Plain. This soil is frequently
flooded with 0 to 2 percent slopes. Bibb sandy loam is listed on the local hydric soils list for
Johnston County. This soil type was confirmed in the field by taking soil borings with a hand
auger.
WATER RESOURCES
This section describes each water resource and its relationship to major water systems. The
proposed project lies within the Neuse River drainage basin.
Water Resource Characteristics
The branch of Hannah Creek flows east through the proposed project area with a width of
21 meters (68 feet). Hannah Creek has a classification of C NSW from the North Carolina
Department of Environment Health and Natural Resource (NCDEHNR). Class C indicates
freshwaters protected for secondary recreation, fishing, aquatic Irfe including propagation and
survival, and wildlife. NSW indicates Nutrient Sensitive Waters which require limitations on
nutrient inputs. The classification index number for this branch of Hannah Creek is 27-52-6.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps for
Johnston County (1995) indicate the project area lies in Zone A where no base flood elevations
have been determined.
The NCDEM has data from Hannah Creek at SR 1009, which is approximately 21 kilometers
(13 miles) downstream of the project area. Benthic macroinvertebrates, or benthos, are
organisms that live in and on the bottom substrates of rivers and streams. The use of benthos
data has proven to be a reliable tool as benthic macroinvertebrates are sensitive to subtle
changes in water quality. Criteria have been developed to assign bioclassifications ranging
from "Poor" to "Excellent" to each benthic sample based on the number of taxa present in the
intolerant groups Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT). Different criteria have
been developed for different ecoregions (mountains, piedmont, coastal) within North Carolina.
Data from Hannah Creek at the SR 1009 sampling station taken in August 1995 indicated a
bioclassification of "Good-Fair".
The NCDEM also uses the North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity (NCIBI) as another method to
determine general water quality. The method was developed for assessing a stream's
biological integrity by examining the structure and health of its fish community. The scores
derived from the index are a measure of the ecological health of the waterbody and may not
necessarily directly correlate to water quality. There is no NCIBI available data from Hannah
Creek.
The Johnston County Watershed Protection Map at the Johnston County Planning Department
indicates that the project is not within a protected watershed. There are no water resources
classified as High Quality Waters (HQW), water supplies (WS-1 or WS-11), or Outstanding
Resource Waters (ORW) within 1.6 kilometers (1.0 miles) of the project area.
A review of any point source dischargers that are located within the project vicinity was also
conducted. Point source dischargers located throughout North Carolina are permitted through
the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. Any discharger is
required to register for a permit. The Town of Benson Wastewater Treatment Plant discharges
into Hannah Creek at SR 1171 (Permit No. NC0020389). The treatment plant is located
approximately 0.8 kilometers (0.5 miles) upstream from the project area. The treatment plant is
permitted to discharge municipal wastewater at a rate of 1.5 million gallons per day.
Non-point source refers to runoff that enters surface waters through stormwater flow or no
defined point of discharge. In the project area, stormwater runoff from SR 1171 and potential
runoff from the residential lawns in the northwest and southwest quadrants appear to be the
main source of water quality degradation as no agricultural or commercial areas are within the
project area.
Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
Short-term impacts to water quality can be anticipated from the construction-related activities,
which may increase sedimentation and turbidity. Short-term impacts will be minimized by the
implementation of NCDOT's Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters, as
applicable. Long-term impacts to water resources are not expected as a result of proposed
improvements.
The NCDOT, in cooperation with NCDEM, has developed a sedimentation control program for
highway projects which adopts formal Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface
Waters. The following are methods to reduce sedimentation and water quality impacts:
Strict adherence to NCDOT's Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface
Waters during the life of the project.
Reduction and elimination of direct and non-point discharge into the water bodies and
minimization of activities conducted in streams
Placement of temporary ground cover or re-seeding of disturbed sites to reduce runoff
and decrease sediment loadings.
Reduction of clearing and grubbing along streams.
BIOTIC RESOURCES
Living systems described in the following sections include communities of associated plants and
animals. These descriptions refer to the dominant flora and fauna in each community and the
relationship of these biotic components. Classification of plant communities is based on a
system used by the NCNHP (Schafale and Weakley, 1990). Scientific nomenclature and
common names (when applicable) are used for the plant and animal species described.
Subsequent references to the same species include the common name only. Vascular plant
names follow nomenclature found in Radford et al. (1968). Terrestrial and aquatic wildlife were
determined through field observations, evaluation of habitat, and review of field guides and
other documentation (Conant, 1958; Farrand, 1993; Robbins et al., 1966; and Whitaker, 1980).
Terrestrial Communities
The predominant terrestrial communities found in the project study area are man-dominated,
Cypress-Gum Swamp and Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood Forest. Dominant faunal
components associated with these terrestrial areas will be discussed in each community
description. Many species are adapted to the entire range of habitats found along the project
alignment, but may not be mentioned separately in each community description.
Man-Dominated Community
This highly disturbed community within the project area includes the road shoulders and the
utility line easement (Figure 2). Many plant species are adapted to these disturbed areas.
Regularly maintained areas along the road shoulders are dominated by fescue (Festuca spp.),
ryegrass (Lolium spp.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), foxtail grass (Alopecurus
carolinianus), and dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium). Areas associated with the utility line
easement also include these species as well as blackberry (Rubus spp.), Japanese
honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and aster (Aster spp.).
The animal species present in these disturbed habitats are opportunistic and capable of
surviving on a variety of resources, ranging from vegetation (flowers, leaves, fruits, and seeds)
to both living and dead faunal components. Although only a Northern mockingbird (Mimus
polyglottos) was observed in the field in these areas, raccoon (Procyon lotor), Virginia opossum
(Didelphis virginiana), several species of mice (Peromyscus spp.), Eastern bluebird (Sialia
sialis), Eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos),
American robin (Turdus migratodus), and Eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) are
often attracted to these disturbed habitats.
Cypress - Gum Swamp Community
This branch of Hannah creek is surrounded by swamp on each side. The open water of the
creek is also interspersed with hummocks. This community occurs in all quadrants of the bridge
as well as along the river banks throughout the project area. The swamp and hummocks have
a sparse canopy layer dominated by black gum (Nyssa sylvatica var. Mora). It is likely that this
area may have previously been dominated by bald cypress (Taxodium dis6chum), however, this
species is not present in the project area, probably due to logging. The understory is also
sparse; it includes red maple (Acer rubrum), sweet gum (Liquidambar styracillua), box elder
(Acer negundo), and black willow (Salix nigra). These areas are dominated by dense mats of
swamp smartweed (Polygonum hydropiperoides) and marsh dewflower (Murdania keisak).
Other herbaceous vegetation in these areas include leathery rush (Juncus coriaceus), trumpet
creeper (Campsis radicans), switch grass (Panicum virgatum), cattails (Typha spp.), common
greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), and muscadine
grape (Vitis rotundifolia). Hydrologic indicators throughout the site include standing water,
buttressing of tree trunks, and water marks and drift lines on trees. Soils in this area consist of
a saturated, black (10 YR 2n sandy loam.
On the day of the site visit, great blue heron (Ardea herodias), belted kingfisher (Megaceryle
a/cyon), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), and several American crows were observed
in the field. Signs of raccoon were observed along the banks and mosquitofish (Gambusia
spp.) were observed in the creek. Other animals which may be present in this habitat include
swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana), prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea), mallard
(Anas p/atyrhynchos), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), Eastern cottonmouth
(Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus), bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), marsh rabbit (Sylvdagus
pa/ustris), and beaver (Castor canadensis).
Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood Forest
The northwestern quadrant contained a larger area of open water compared to the other
quadrants. This area of open water was interspersed with hummocks of black gum, marsh
dewflower and swamp smartweed. The open water graded up in to a Coastal Plain Bottomland
Hardwood Forest with a dense canopy which includes overcup oak (Quercus lyrata), and laurel
oak (Quercus laurifolia). The shrub layer includes giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), coastal
pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), and inkberry (Ilex glabra). These moist woods are good habitat
for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana), yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia), brown headed
cowbird (Molothrus ater), eastern wood-peewee (Contopus virgins), hairy woodpecker (Picoides
villosus), Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina), green treefrog (Hyla cinerea), and
slimy salamander (Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus). Hydrologic indicators include saturated
soils with standing water in some places. Soils in this area consist of a moist, black (10 YR 2/)
sandy loam. While no direct impacts will occur to the bottomland hardwood forest from
construction, indirect impacts may occur from the disturbance of the adjacent communities.
8
Aquatic Communities
The aquatic community in the project area exists within the branch of Hannah Creek. Within the
area under Bridge No. 77, the creek is approximately 21 meters (68 feet) wide. On the day of
the field investigation, the water was turbid and colored by tannins. The creek bottom was not
visible.
Vegetation within the swamp includes black gum, marsh dewflower, and smartweed. Animals
which may reside or forage within the swamp and along the waters edge are included in the
Man-Dominated Community section; additional species may include brown water snake (Natrix
taxispilota), Eastern ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritus), snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina),
wood duck (Aix sponsa), and osprey (Pandion haliaetus). On the day of the site visit, the water
was slow moving and contained no riffle areas; thus it is unlikely to find a diverse macrobenthic
community. Due to the depth and siltation in this creek, the macroinvertebrate community
would be restricted to the shallow areas along the creek banks. Due to the depth of the creek,
on the day of the site visit, the macroinvertebrate community was not sampled.
According to Wayne Jones, District 3 Biologist for the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC), fish found in Hannah Creek include largemouth bass (Micropterus
salmoides), redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), channel catfish
(Ictalurus punctatus), and black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus).
Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
Biotic community impacts resulting from project construction are addressed separately as
terrestrial impacts and aquatic impacts. However, impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly
in wetland areas and in locations exhibiting gentle slopes, can result in the aquatic community
receiving heavy sediment loads as a consequence of erosion. The NCDOT's Best Management
Practices for Protection of Surface Waters, will be implemented.
9
Table 1 details the anticipated impacts to terrestrial and aquatic communities by habitat type.
TABLE 1
ANTICIPATED IMPACTS TO
TERRESTRIAL and AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
HECTARE (ACRES)
Bridge No.77 Coastal Man- Cypress Aquatic Combined
Replacement Plain Dominated Gum Community Total
Impacts Bottomland Community Swamp
Hardwood
Forest
Alternate A 0.0 (0.0) 0.27 (0.66) 0.11(0.28) 0.05 (0.12) 0.43(l.06)
Alternate B 0.0 (0.0) 0.27 (0.66) 0.11 (0.28) 0.05 (0.12) 0.43(l.06)
Temporary 0.0 (0.0) 0.60(l.48) 0.18 (0.45) 0.03 (0.07) 0.81 (2.00)
Terrestrial Communities
The cypress-gum swamp and the man-dominated communities serve as nesting, foraging and
shelter habitat for fauna. Removal of plants and other construction related activities will result in
the displacement and mortality of faunal species in residence. Individual mortalities are likely to
occur to terrestrial animals from construction machinery used during clearing activities. While
there will be no direct impacts to the coastal plain bottomland hardwood forest from
construction, faunal species which reside in the impacted habitats may concentrate in this
smaller area causing degradation of the habitat and increased mortality due to disease,
predation, and starvation.
Calculated impacts to terrestrial resources reflect the relative abundance of each community
present in the study area. Project construction will result in clearing and degradation of portions
of these communities. Often, project construction does not require the entire right-of-way,
therefore, actual impacts may be considerably less. Alternate A (Recommended) will result in
the least overall impact (combined total of 0.43 hectare/1.06 acre), as well as the least impact to
the cypress-gum swamp (0.11 hectare/0.28 acre).
Aquatic Communities
The aquatic community in the study area exists within Hannah Creek. Alternate A
(Recommended) will result in the least amount of disturbance of stream bottom (0.05
hectare/0.12 acre). Alternate B (which includes a temporary detour) will result in up to 0.08
hectare (0.19 acre) of stream bottom disturbance (this represents worst case conditions; actual
disturbance area will be less). In addition, impacts to the adjacent cypress-gum swamp can
have a direct impact on aquatic communities. Activities such as the removal of trees in the
swamp, as well as the construction of the bridge and approach work will likely result in an
increase in sediment loads and water temperatures and a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the
short term.
10
Potential adverse effects to surface waters will be minimized through the implementation of
NCDOT's Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters. Since Hannah
Creek potentially contains anadromous fish spawning habitat, the NCDOT's "Stream Crossing
Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Passage" will also be adhered to for this project. The purpose
of these guidelines is to provide guidance to ensure that replacement of existing and new
highway stream crossing structures will not impede the movement of anadromous fish.
SPECIAL TOPICS
Jurisdictional Issues
Waters of the United States:
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United States" as
defined in 33 CFR 328.3 and in accordance with provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water
Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). Waters of the United States are regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USACOE).
Wetlands will be impacted by the subject project as the branch of Hannah Creek is surrounded
by riverine swamp forest throughout the project area. Investigation into wetland occurrence in
the project impact area was conducted using methods of the 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual.
Permanent impacts to the wetlands due to Alternate A (Recommended) will be up to 0.11
hectare (0.28 acre).
Project construction cannot be accomplished without infringing on jurisdictional surface waters.
Anticipated surface water impacts fall under the jurisdiction of the USACOE. Up to 0.05 hectare
(0.12 acre) of jurisdictional surface water impacts may occur due to the proposed replacement
of Bridge No.77.
Permits
In accordance with provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.O.E. 1344), a
permit will be required from the USACOE for the discharge of dredged or fill material into
"Waters of the United States".
Since the subject project is classified as a Categorical Exclusion, it is likely that this project will
be subject to the Nationwide Permit Provisions of 33 CFR 33-.5 (A) 23. This permit authorizes
any activities, work and discharges undertaken, assisted, authorized, regulated, funded or
financed, in whole or in part, by another federal agency and that the activity is "categorically
excluded" from environmental documentation because it is included within a category of actions
which neither individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the environment.
However, final permit decisions are left to the discretionary authority of the USACOE.
A 401 Water Quality Certification, administered through the North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR), will also be required. This certificate
is issued for any activity which may result in a discharge into waters for which a federal permit is
required.
Mitigation
Mitigation for impacts to wetlands exceeding one acre will be required by both the USACOE and
the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). Wetlands will be delineated prior to
submittal for permit application. Mitigation for impacts to surface waters may be required by the
USACOE and NCDWQ. A final determination regarding mitigation to waters of the U.S. rest with
USACOE and NCDWQ.
All borrow and solid waste sites will be the responsibility of the Contractor. Solid waste will be
disposed of in strict adherence to the NC Division of Highways "Standard Specifications for
Roads and Structures". The Contractor will observe and comply with all laws, ordinances,
regulations, orders, and decrees regarding the disposal of solid waste. Solid waste will not be
placed into any existing land disposal sites that is in violation of state or local rules and
regulations. Waste and debris will be disposed of in areas that are outside the right-of-way and
provided by the Contractor. The Contractor will be responsible for obtaining borrow sites,
delineating wetlands in borrow sites and obtaining written concurrence on delineated wetlands
in borrow sites from the Corps of Engineers. Borrow material will not be stockpiled or disposed
of adjacent to or in areas where they may runoff with stormwater into streams and
impoundments. Where it is absolutely necessary to store materials adjacent to streams, they
will be stored above the mean high-water mark in such a manner that they would not runoff with
stormwater. Disposal of waste and debris will not be allowed in areas under the Corps of
Engineers regulating jurisdiction. In the event that COE jurisdictional areas cannot be avoided,
the Department will be responsible for mitigation.
The Contractor will maintain the earth surface of all waste areas, both during the construction
phase and until the completion of all seeding and mulching, or other erosion control measures
specified, in a manner that will effectively control erosion and siltation into areas under the
Corps of Engineers regulatory jurisdiction, streams and impoundments.
Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of plants and animals have been, or are in the process of, decline due either
to natural forces or their inability to coexist with humans. Rare and protected species listed for
Johnston County, and any likely impacts to these species as a result of the proposed project
construction, are discussed in the following sections.
Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal class cation of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
Endangered (PE) and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions of Section 7
and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists three federally protected species for
Johnston County as of the May 2, 1997 listing. These species are listed in Table 2.
12
TABLE 2
FEDERALLY-PROTECTED SPECIES
FOR JOHNSTON COUNTY
Scientific Name Status
Common Name
Picoides borealis E
Red-cockaded woodpecker)
Alasmidonta heterodon E
Dwarf wedge mussel
Rhus michauxii" E
Michaux's sumac
NOTES:
E Denotes Endangered (a species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range)
Denotes Historic Record (the species was last observed in the county more than
20 years ago)
The Red-cockaded woodpecker is a small (18-20 cm long) bird with a black and white
horizontal stripes on its back, a black cap and a large white cheek patch. The male has a small
red spot or "cockade" behind the eye.
The preferred nesting habitat of the Red-cockaded woodpecker is open stands of pines with a
minimum age of 60 to 120 years. Longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) are preferred for nesting;
however, other mature pines such as loblolly (Pinus taeda) may be utilized. Typical nesting
areas, or territories, are pine stands of approximately 81 hectares (200 acres), however, nesting
has been reported in stands as small as 24 hectares (60 acres). Preferred foraging habitat is
pine and pine-hardwood stands of 80 to 125 acres with a minimum age of 30 years and a
minimum diameter of 25 centimeters (10 inches). The Red-cockaded woodpecker utilizes
these areas to forage for insects such as ants, beetles, wood-boring insects, caterpillars, as well
as seasonal wild fruit.
This habitat type does not exist in the project area; there are no stands of old growth
pines within or adjacent to the study area. A search of the NCNHP database showed no
recorded occurrences of this species within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that
the construction of the proposed project will not impact the Red-cockaded woodpecker.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
The dwarf wedge mussel is a small freshwater mussel that rarely exceeds 1.5 inches in length.
The shell's outer surface is usually brown or yellowish-brown in color with faint green rays that
are more noticeable in young specimens. The inside of the shell is bluish or silvery white.
The dwarf wedge mussel is found in sand, muddy sand, and gravel substrate in large rivers and
small creeks where the current is slow to moderate and where there is little silt. The dwarf
wedge mussel is generally found in association with other mussels, but it is never very
numerous.
13
No shells or other evidence of mussels were observed during the site visit, however, due
to the depth of the water, an in-stream survey was not conducted. A search of the
NCNHP database showed no recorded occurrences of this species within the project
vicinity. An in-stream survey for mussels will be conducted to determine if mussels are
present in the project area.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: UNRESOLVED
Michaux's sumac is a densely hairy shrub with erect stems which are 0.3 to 0.9 meters (1 to 3
feet) in height. The shrub's compound leaves are narrowly winged at their base, dull on their
tops, and veiny and slightly hairy on their bottoms. Each leaflet is finely toothed on its edges.
The flowers are greenish-yellow to white and are 4-5 parted. The plant flowers from April to
June.
Michaux's sumac is found in sandy or rocky open woods in association with basic soils. This
plant survives best in areas where some form of disturbance has provided an open area.
The project area includes cypress-gum swamp and regularly maintained road shoulders
which are not suitable habitat for this species. The area associated with the utility
easement north of the intersection with SR 1220, along the wooded area / road shoulder
edge may be suitable habitat. However, this area will not be impacted by the
recommended (Alternate A). Following inspection of herbarium specimens, this area was
searched for presence of Michaux's sumac. No individuals were observed on the day of
the site visit, October 10, 1996. A search of the NCNHP database showed no recorded
occurrences of this species within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that
construction of the proposed project will not impact Michaux's sumac.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
Federal Species of Concern
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are not legally protected under the Endangered Species Act
and are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they are formally proposed
or listed as Threatened of Endangered. Species designated as FSC are defined as taxa which
may or may not be listed in the future. These species were formerly Candidate 2 (C2) species
or species under consideration for listing for which there is insufficient information to support
listing. Some of these species are listed as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern by
the NCNHP list of Rare Plant and Animal Species and are afforded state protection under the
State Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina Plant Protection and Conservation Act of
1979; however, the level of protection given to state listed species does not apply to NCDOT
activities. Table 3 includes listed FSC species for Johnston County and their state
classifications.
14
TABLE 3
FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN
JOHNSTON COUNTY
Scientific Name North Carolina Habitat
(Common Name) Status Present
Ellipdo lanceolata T No
Yellow lance
Fusconaia masoni T No
Atlantic i toe
Lampsilis cariosa T No
Yellow lam mussel
I
Lasmigona subviddis E No
Green floater)
Procambarus medialis SR Yes
Tar River crayfish)
Solidago vema E/PT No
(Spring-flowering goldenrod)
Tofieldia g/abra* C No
Carolina asphodel)
Trillium pusillum var. pusil/um E No
(Carolina least trillium)
NOTES:
* Indicates no specimens have been found in at least 20 years.
E Denotes Endangered (species which are afforded protection by state laws).
T Denotes Threatened (species which are afforded protection by state laws).
PT Denotes Proposed Threatened (species proposed for official listing as threatened).
SR Denotes Significantly Rare (species for which population monitoring and
conservation action is recommended).
C Denotes Candidate (species for which population monitoring and conservation action
is recommended).
A search of the NCNHP database showed no recorded occurrences of FSC species within the
project vicinity.
State Protected Species .
Organisms which are listed by NCNHP as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or Special Concern
(SC) are afforded state protection under the State Endangered Species Act, and the North
Carolina Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979. The North Carolina Natural Heritage
Program database was reviewed; state protected species listed for Johnston County are
presented in Table 4.
15
TABLE 4
STATE PROTECTED SPECIES
FOR JOHNSTON COUNTY
Scientific Name Status Habitat
Common Name Present
Lanius /udovicianus /udovicianus Sc Yes
(Loggerhead shrike
Necturus lewisi SC No
Neuse River waterdo
Noturus fudosus pop. 1 Sc No
Carolina madtom - Neuse River pop.)
Alasmidonta undulata T Yes
(Triangle floater
Elliptio marsupiobesa T No
(Cape Fearspike)
Elliptio roanokensis T No
Roanoke slabshell
Lampsilis radiata SC No
Eastern lam mussel
Strophitus undulatus T Yes
(Squawfoot)
NOTES:
T Denotes Threatened (species which are afforded protection by state laws).
SC Denotes Special Concern (species which are afforded protection by state laws).
A search of the NCNHP database showed no recorded occurrences of state protected species
within the project vicinity.
Summary of Anticipated Impacts
Habitat may exist in the project vicinity for Michaux's sumac however, the recommended
(Alternate A) will not impact this area. Habitat may also exist for the dwarf wedge mussel; a
survey will be conducted for the presence of this species. Habitat also exists on the site for one
FSC species (Tar River crayfish) and for three additional state listed species, (loggerhead
shrike, triangle floater and squawfoot). No individuals were observed at the time of the site visit.
IX. CULTURAL EFFECTS
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historical Preservation
Act of 1966, as amended, implemented by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's
Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified at 36 CFR Part 800. Section 106
requires that for federally funded, licensed, or permitted projects having an effect on properties
listed in or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation be given the opportunity to comment.
16
In a Concurrence Form, dated January 16, 1997 the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO)
concurred that there are no historic architectural resources either listed in or eligible for listing in
the National Register of Historic Places located in the project's area of potential effect. A copy
of the SHPO letter is included in the Appendix.
The SHPO, in a memorandum dated December 5, 1996, stated there are no known
archaeological sites within the proposed project area and therefore, SHPO recommended that
no archaeological investigation be conducted in connection with this project. A copy of the
SHPO memorandum is included in the Appendix.
X. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
The project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of an inadequate
bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
The bridge replacement will not have an adverse effect on the quality of the human or natural
environment with the use of current NCDOT standards and specifications.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation. No significant
change in land use is expected to result from construction of the project.
No adverse impact on families or communities is anticipated. No relocatees are expected with
implementation of the proposed alternative.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is anticipated. The project is not expected to
adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the area.
There are no publicly owned parks, recreational facilities, or wildlife and waterfowl refuges of
national, state, or local significance in the vicinity of the project.
No geodetic survey markers will be impacted.
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all federal agencies or their representatives to
consider the potential impacts to prime and important farmland soils by all land acquisition and
construction projects. Prime and important farmland soils are defined by the U.S. Soil
Conservation Service (SCS). Since the bridge will be replaced at the existing location, the
Farmland Protection Policy Act does not apply.
This project is an air quality "neutral" project, so it is not required to be included the regional
emission analysis (if applicable) and a project level CO analysis is not required. The project is
located in Johnston County, which has been determined to be in compliance with the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards. 40 CFR Part 51 is not applicable because the proposed project
is located in an attainment area. This project is not anticipated to create any adverse effects on
the air quality of this attainment area.
The traffic volumes will not increase or decrease because of this project. There are no
receptors located in the immediate project area. The projects impact on noise and air quality
will not be significant.
17
Noise levels could increase during construction but will be temporary. If vegetation is disposed
of by burning, all burning shall be done in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations
of the North Carolina SIP air quality in compliance with 15 NCAC 2D.0520. This evaluation
completes the assessment requirements for highway traffic noise (23 CFR Part 772) and for air
quality (1990 CAAA and NEPA) and no additional reports are required.
An examination of records at the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management, Groundwater Section and the
North Carolina Department of Human Resources, Solid Waste Management Section revealed
no underground storage tanks or hazardous waste sites in the project area.
Johnston County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program. The approximate
100 year floodplain in the project area is shown in Figure 4. The amount of floodplain area to be
affected is not considered to be significant.
On the basis of the above discussion, it is concluded that no significant adverse environmental
effects will result from implementation of the project. The project is a Federal "Categorical
Exclusion" due to its limited scope and lack of significant environmental consequences.
18
REFERENCES
Burt, W.H. and R.P. Grossenheider. 1952. A Field Guide to Mammals. Houghton Mifflin
Publishing, Boston, Massachusetts.
Conant, R. 1958. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North
America. Houghton Mifflin Publishing, Boston, Massachusetts.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. Prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
United States Department of the Interior, Washington DC.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Wetlands
Delineation Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Farrand, J., Jr. 1993. Audubon Society Guide to Animal Tracks of North America. Chanticleer
Press, New York, New York.
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Feb. 1996. List of Rare Species of North Carolina.
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little, Brown and Company, Boston,
Massachusetts.
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. 1996.
Classifications and Water Quality Standards Assigned to The Waters of the Neuse River Basin.
North Carolina Division of Environmental Management, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and G.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas.
The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Robbins, C.S., B. Bruun and H.S. Zim. 1966. A Guide to Field Identification of Birds of North
America. Western Publishing, Racine, Wisconsin.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Soil Survey of
Johnston County, North Carolina.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992 (updated 1996). Endangered and Threatened
Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book). United States Fish and Wildlife
Service Southeastern Region, Atlanta, Georgia.
19
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. May 2, 1997. List of Endangered and Threatened
Species of North Carolina. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Southeastern Region,
Atlanta, Georgia.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. National Wetlands Inventory Map. Benson
Quadrangle.
United States Geological Survey. 1973. Topographic map - Benson quadrangle.
Wherry, E.T. 1995. The Fern Guide to Northeastern and Midland United States and adjacent
Canada. Dover Publications, New York.
Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals.
Alfred Knopf Publishing, New York, New York.
20

/000
Xo
\9 BRIDGE NO. 77 \ r \`? \s9_
;i_. f J \
l
t ,
l
m o 0 o STUDIED DETOUR ROUTE
0
?j
W
,
a1 e
h v
39 ,\
/
?
'?-
Arch ? aBB
c6w
er
Od He
\\ Cro s
` 12
_ . +clayto
!2 ti. % 39
r
O H' N.,' S T O
M caroRIPv

* W? so85 dlt ??? I
50 N

®
122
1
m
Smithfield
?,? '
?
;5, ?
21

E
?'? m Pme l
70A evel

P
It'd /-Av
'Four Oaks rinceton
,
'
27 1
1
Benson
© - BRI
242 ,
a6
e 55
North Carolina
Department of Transportation
Division of Highways
Planning and Environmental Branch
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NO.77
OVER HANNAH CREEK
ON SR 1771
JOHNSTON COUNTY
77 TIP NO. B-2991
0 1km 2 kilometers
r z n

1

5

i v

??tl
? ? i

I
e .
??
?
t
w

.? S 'IPa vJ
t
°?' t ? Y t?
l 4t
,?

N
r ?
U r--?
v LL
o m
o
c
(D
0
VI C W +
C to p C?WeS^?•-
H 3 > '
O
c C!
c) E o rn C
C s-
?o.•NC O
> o
oar._ w
Q R.
U
O
tR ? 4
T ??j n
R3Yy a

JOHNSTON
BRIDGE NO. 77
B-2991
LOOKING NORTH
LOOKING SOUTH
EASTERN SIDE
LOOKING UPSTREAM
FIGURE 3

i
SCALE 1:12000
0 500 1000

1 UV T F-MrN
FLOODPLAIN
APPENDIX

e o+'? S?A1?I ""''
u
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt Jr., Govemor
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary
December 5, 1996
MEMORANDUM
TO: H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager
Planning and Environmental Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Tr nsportation
FROM: David Brook u LG? C?/
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
SUBJECT: Bridge Group 14, Replace Bridge 77 on SR
1 171 over branch of Hannah Creek,
Johnston County, B-2991, State Project
8.231 1901, ER 97-7773
Division of Archives and History
Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
Thank you for your letter of November 5, 1996, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a search of our files and are aware of no structures of
historical or architectural importance located within the planning area. We look
forward to meeting with an architectural historian from the North Carolina
Department of Transportation to review the aerial and photographs of the project
area so we can make our survey recommendation.
There are no known archaeological sites within the proposed project area. Based
on our present knowledge of the area, it is unlikely that any archaeological
resources which may be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic
Places will be affected by the project construction. We, therefore, recommend that
no archaeological investigation be conducted in connection with this project.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations
for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If
concerning the above comment, please contact Renee
review coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
DB:slw
cc: N. Graf
B. Church
T. Padgett
you have questions
Gledhill-Earley, environmental
109 East Jones Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807
t 1 46
Federal Aid ;T OF-7.,• 1111 t TIP #
•1oN?JST•?l
County
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR PROPERTIES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR
THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
Brief Project Description RE PLAGI; 73R-WD -F- ,Jo. '7-1 Ow 59• 1171 NFL k A?4t?1 a, t+
Y i AAe- C?YD"
On --?ATI f 1, 11'1 representatives of the
? North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
?- Federal Highway Administration (FHwA)
? North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
Other
revicu-cd the subject project at
A scoping meeting
? Historic architectural resources photograph reyic%v session/consultation
Othcr
All parties present agreed
? fl:crc arc no properties over fifty years old within the projects area of potc;itial cr;ccts.
./ there arc no properties less than fifty years old which, are considercd to meet Criterion
Consideration G within the project's area of potential effects.
there are properties over tim years old (list attached) N?ithin the project's area of potential effects.
but based on the historical information available and the photographs of each property, properties
identified as arc considercd not eligible
for National Register and no further evaluation of them is necessary.
there are no National Register-listed properties within the projects area of potential effects.
SiQncd:
/'14'_ I l' 11, 9 7
Rcpres r e; NCDOT Date
FHwA, fo lic Division Admrnistrator, or other Federal Agency Date
C 1 ? ?r ?l? A-3-L ,v l / I C? lq?
Representative, HPO Datc
G
State Historic Preservation Offrccr / Date
If a survey report is prepared, a final copy of this Conn and the attached list mill be included.
^
® North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mr. Joe Westbrook
NCDOT Planning and Environmental Branch
FROM: David Cox, Highway Project Co oar
t_a ??
Habitat Conservation Progra
DATE: January 6, 1997
SUBJECT: Replacement of Bridge No. 77 on SR 1 171 over Hannah Creek, Johnston
County, North Carolina, TIP No. B-2991.
Biologists with the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have reviewed the
information provided regarding potential impacts to wildlife and fisheries resources. Our
comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act
(42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-667d).
We recommend replacement of the existing structure with a bridge, on-site with an off-
site detour, if possible. If an on-site detour is required we request that NCDOT biological staff
visit the site and make a wetland determination to choose the location of the detour.
In addition to any specific comments above, the NCWRC requests NCDOT routinely
minimize adverse impacts to fish and wildlife resources in the vicinity of bridge replacements.
The NCDOT should install and maintain sedimentation control measures throughout the life of
the project and prevent wet concrete from contacting water in or entering into these streams.
Replacement of bridges with spanning structures of some type, as opposed to pipe or box
culverts, is recommended in most cases. Spanning structures allow wildlife passage along
streambanks, reducing habitat fragmentation and vehicle related mortality at highway crossings.
Any channel relocations should be done using state-of-the-art stream relocation techniques and
should be coordinated with the NCWRC.
If you need further assistance or information on NCWRC concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at [phone]. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on this project.
, A
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
January 16, 1997
MEMORANDUM
LT.1;VAIT 49
A&4;1 0
WOO
?EHNR
T, : Mr. Joe Westbrook, NCDOT, Planning & Environmental
From: Cyndi Bell, NC Division of Water Quality L L.16
Subject: Water Quality Checklist for Bridge Replacement Projects
D I _' P, Fr-
23 ,
Reference your correspondence dated November 5, 1996, in which you requested comments concerning
the scope of work to be performed by Wang Engineering Company, Inc. The Division of Water Quality
requests that NCDOT and its consultant consider the following generic environmental commitments for
design and construction of bridge replacements:
A. DWQ requests that DOT strictly adhere to North Carolina regulations entitled "Design Standards
in Sensitive Watersheds" (15A NCAC 04B .0024) throughout design and construction for this
project in the area that drains to streams having WS (Water Supply), ORW (Outstanding
Resource Water), HQW (High Quality Water), B (Body Contact), SA (Shellfish Water) or Tr
(Trout Water) classifications to protect existing uses.
B. DWQ requests that bridges be replaced on existing location with road closure. If an on-site
detour or bridge/approach road realignment is necessary, the approach fills should be removed to
pre-construction contour and revegetated with native vegetation. Tree species should be planted
at 320 stems per acre.
C. DWQ requests that hazardous spill catch basins be installed at any bridge crossing a stream
classified as WS (Water Supply). The number of catch basins installed should be determined by
the design of the bridge, so that runoff would enter said basin(s) rather than directly flowing into
the stream.
D. To the maximum extent practicable, DOT should not install the bridge bents in the creek.
E. Wetland impacts should be avoided (including sediment and erosion control
structures/measures). If this is not possible, alternatives that minimize wetland impacts should
be chosen. Mitigation for unavoidable impacts will be required by DWQ if impacts exceed one
acre. Smaller impacts may soon require mitigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
F. Borrow/waste areas should not be located in wetlands. It is likely that compensatory mitigation
will be required if wetlands are impacted by waste or borrow.
The attached table has been prepared by DWQ for your assistance in studying the systems involved in
these bridge replacements. This information includes the DWQ Index Number, DWQ Stream
Classification, river basin, and preliminary comments for each crossing.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opporlunky Aftmative Action Empbyer so% recyded110% post oonsurnw paper
1 i
Mr. Joe Westbrook Memo
January 16, 1997
Page 2
Thank you for your request for DWQ input. DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires satisfaction of water quality concerns, to ensure that water quality standards are met
and designated uses are not lost or degraded. Questions regarding the 401 Certification or other water
quality issues should be directed to Cyndi Bell at [phone] in DWQ's Water Quality Environmental
Sciences Branch.
cc: Michelle Suverkrubbe
Melba McGee
B2806.DOC

. . 4k
U E? Ec' E? E E E Ec E? E? E'"o"
I m2.0i z D zmfi Zm£ zm? zm Qw zm (Dis zm£ z16
w $E $
CD O O
mm LL
la _
CL m > E E a a m m
> Z J J J J
Q F- VVV f" M-
A 3 3 3 3 3 3
to c z cn (n y CO r a z cn z z
c q U Z U Z v
3 to U to U U) U)
O U
tD ^ C ?' O (D .o
N
O , n ^ Z r O? ?1
Q? N co
c ` . CD N
U)
c rd o N x
7 C Z N H
V cc ¢° cr a o U
co
Y d y y Y Y N
m Ea C m
to m 6 6 U U
b to v;i c a U c o
C 9 m
Y Z
Q
N U = is ¢ ¢ N t Z
0
c
r O
a
a
U
m
U
U
m
U
=
u
CD
CD
m
(L a
cc (D
cc CD
m cc CD
cc cc cc cc cc cc

c
o
U
o _ m m
U ?

S
r' Z
a
N ¢ Z Z ¢ ¢ ¢ N Q ¢ ¢
J N co cn N U) N In N N
>
Q
Z ?
of co

m
Z O ^ N N Ol N ? N

1
1 Cb 1 1 Cb ? y 1
m ob
Yje Johnston County Board of Education
PO Box 1336 • Smithfield, NC 27577
Telephone: [phone]
G?1V
November 6,1996
V 'k \90
TO: H. FRANKLIN VICK ?v0
FROM: JOHN EVANS
RE: HANNAH CREEK BRIDGE
Johnston County Schools has three buses crossing Hannah Creek Bridge. The buses
cross the bridge a.m. and p.m.
If we can be of any further assistance, please feel free to contact us.

J rsrAY1 Y
4ti y J
J(-° l.-1IJti i
Jl J- n C[ tr. 1 , cL
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF 1PANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS GARLAND B. GARUTT JR.
GOVF RNOR
SECRETARY
Wilson, North Carolina 27895
November 21, 1996
MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. H. Franklin Vick, PE
MANAGER - PLANNING & ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
FROM: James H. Hoskins, PE Qir- ?J
SUBJECT: Scoping Comments - Replacement of Bridge No. 77 on
SR 1171 over Branch of Hannah Creek, Johnston
County, State Project 8.2311901, TIP No. B-2991
Bridge No. 77 on SR 1171 lies in the tangent section of an ''S''
curve of the roadway.
Westward of the bridge the roadway rises to the bridge over I-95.
Eastward, the roadway maintains a relatively flat grade for several
hundreds of feet.
The current structure is posted 27 tons SV; 34 tons TTS. It has
wooden piles and wood backwall end bents; the bents are timber pile
and timber cap. There are 3 spans approximately 17' in length.
Approximately 150' west of the structure, SR 1209 enters from the
north and the entrance to a Benson waste water treatment plant
enters from the south.
A telephone pole line carries a telephone cable across the creek,
which indicates a telephone cable buried in the shoulder. The poles
are on the north side of the structure approximately 30' from
centerline. In addition, a power line diagonally crosses directly
overhead of the structure. C /
r• i
NOV 2 199y 4
4° tlC,

Mr. H. Franklin, Vick, PE
Page 2 November 21, 1996
ADT using this road is noted at 1400±. The roadway is 20' of BST
and the width between curb guards on the structure is 241.
It appears the new structure should be placed at the existing
location. We would recommend a cored slab structure be considered
for this replacement.
We would anticipate SR 1171 being closed during construction.
Traffic could be detoured on SR 1209, SR 1169, and SR 1158. This
detour is approximately 3 miles long.
With traffic detoured and a cored slab bridge, we would anticipate a
construction time of 6 to 9 months. We would recommend a January
letting so that the construction could be completed in one season.
Should you desire additional information, please advise.
JHH/t
STATt
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TPANSPOR
JAMES B. HUNT JR. DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
GOVII NOR P.O. BOX 25201. RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
November 5, 1996
MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. Eric Galamb
DEM - DEHNR, Cooper Building
FROM: E.. H. Franklin Vick, P.E., Manager'?/
Planning and Environmental Branch
RECEIVED
NOV 12 1996
ENVIROV1ylENIAESL;h NL'F
rATION
GARLAND B. GARRET T J R.
SI:CRHARY
()I ISSUED
SUBJECT: Request for Scoping Comments
Replacement of Bridge No. 77 on SR 1171 over Branch of Hannah Creek
Johnston County, State Project 8.2311901, TIP No. B-2991
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has retained Wang Engineering
Company, Inc. to prepare the Planning and Environmental Study (Categorical Exclusion) for the
replacement of the subject bridge. The bridge is included in NCDOT's 1997-2003 Transportation
Improvement Program (TIP) for acquisition of right-of-way in 1998 and construction in 1999.
This letter is to obtain your comments concerning the environmental impacts and scope of work
that should be performed with this bridge replacement project. Pertinent design data is as follows:
Classification:
Traffic Projection:
Posted Speed:
Existing Bridge:
Proposed Bridge Typical Section:
Proposed Roadway Typical Section:
Possible Off site Detour Availability:
Rural Local
Construction 1998 -1450 ADT; Design year 2018 -1950 ADT;
Not posted but assumed 90 km/h (55 mph)
Length - 21 meters; Width -- 7.3 meters; Built - 1953
Travelway - 6.6 meters; Shoulders - 1 meter; Total - 8.6 m.
Travelway - 6.6 meters; Shoulders - 1.8 meters
4.8 kilometers (3 miles)
Attached for your review and comments is the vicinity map and contour map for the subject project.
Please provide your comments by December 8, 1996.
Thank you for your assistance in this part of the planning process. If additional information is needed to
assimilate your comments, please contact Mr. Joe Westbrook, NCDOT Planning and Environmental
Branch at [phone] or Ms. Pamela R. Williams, Wang Engineering at [phone].
HFV/pw
Attachments i e
f Je ??? /'

.... _.:- :. I . .11 1. -.?...... ,.-p.,r.q,m .rt..-,o,... i, ,.- - -!--..
North Carolina
d5LONepartment of Transportation
V_pK-,,VDIvIsIon of Highways
Planning and Environmental Branch
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE 0. 77
OVER BRANCH OF HANNAH REEK
ON SR 1171
JOHNSON COUNTY
TIP NO. B-2991
SCALE 1:60 000 FIG. I

• JOHNSON
COUNTY
B-2991
301
-nose
ower'
Cree-A; A _ A
- 95 ;? m
BRIDGE NO. 77
ZOO
xu - h ut
S
708 OW
A Ponds
w `?---- - __
P _ ~J 58) Ce ?7 ?---
;_? Zoo -`_- - -- - ,
jCe---------- .
214
sv 1171
Unity
4 Ch
Ce? ..toss - - - - -
?J -
'Ce
SCALE 1:24000
1 0 1 MILE
1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Ja mes B. Hunt, Jr., G ove mor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
January 16, 1997
MEMORANDUM
[D FE F=1
To: Mr. Joe Westbrook, NCDOT, Planning & Environmental
From: Cyndi Bell, NC Division of Water Quality L L 6
S ubject: Water Quality Checklist for Bridge Replacement Projects
Reference your correspondence dated November 5, 1996, in which you requested comments concerning
the scope of work to be performed by Wang Engineering Company, Inc. The Division of Water Quality
requests that NCDOT and its consultant consider the following generic environmental commitments for
design and construction of bridge replacements:
A. DWQ requests that DOT strictly adhere to North Carolina regulations entitled "Design Standards
in Sensitive Watersheds" (15A NCAC 04B .0024) throughout design and construction for this
project in the area that drains to streams having WS (Water Supply), ORW (Outstanding
Resource Water), HQW (High Quality Water), B (Body Contact), SA (Shellfish Water) or Tr
(Trout Water) classifications to protect existing uses.
B. DWQ requests that bridges be replaced on existing location with road closure. If an on-site
detour or bridge/approach road realignment is necessary, the approach fills should be removed to
pre-construction contour and revegetated with native vegetation. Tree species should be planted
at 320 stems per acre.
C. DWQ requests that hazardous spill catch basins be installed at any bridge crossing a stream
classified as WS (Water Supply). The number of catch basins installed should be determined by
the design of the bridge, so that runoff would enter said basin(s) rather than directly flowing into
the stream.
D. To the maximum extent practicable, DOT should not install the bridge bents in the creek.
E. Wetland impacts should be avoided (including sediment and erosion control
structures/measures). If this is not possible, alternatives that minimize wetland impacts should
be chosen. Mitigation for unavoidable impacts will be required by DWQ if impacts exceed one
acre. Smaller impacts may soon require mitigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
F. Borrow/waste areas should not be located in wetlands. It is likely that compensatory mitigation
will be required if wetlands are impacted by waste or borrow.
The attached table has been prepared by DWQ for your assistance in studying the systems involved in
these bridge replacements. This information includes the DWQ Index Number, DWQ Stream
Classification, river basin, and preliminary comments for each crossing.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
An Equal opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
50% recycl"10% post consumer paper

Mr. Joe Westbrook Memo
January 16, 1997
Page 2
Thank you for your request for DWQ input. DOT is reminded that issuance of a 401 Water Quality
Certification requires satisfaction of water quality concerns, to ensure that water quality standards are met
and designated uses are not lost or degraded. Questions regarding the 401 Certification or other water
quality issues should be directed to Cyndi Bell at [phone] in DWQ's Water Quality Environmental
Sciences Branch.
cc: Michelle Suverkrubbe
Melba McGee
B2806.DOC

m$c m
4 - -8 $ m 8 4 m $ 1 m-9
= m
m?
m?
m$
m
y
C
'
m$ ID
iii?
g m$
'v m$
°D m$
'v m$ xx
G m a
'
?
m$
m$
'C m
V m$
m =
c 3 3 .- .5 3 S 3 .- 5 3 S 3 z
d 3 .S 3 .5 3 ? 3 .-

E

E
CL CD

co N°

y°
E

L CD
m 2 L
E CL w

° h°
E 0. (D

°
E (D

y°
?A
E

e

CD o
0.
E ?

rn

L (D 0
E

D
E
V E c
`
m c
z m c m
z m c
z m C
z m? c
0 0
z 4 o

? c
(D
z m£ c

z mr
` c

z m? c
(D p
z m?
Z
-
r. -S ts $ D
CC
.
U) $ $ $ x
l
td
m E? m $ S i O O
m
Z J J J O
co
-?
`cd
l0 m
F- I-
C
V Z N
z N (n U) cn ¢
z Z N
Z z z
C y
3= U
U
V U U U U U
U
V U
cn U
to
D U
M e
d z
r'T

CV

N
r ,. .?

d
o
CV

Q
y
N U?
o

'

m
to m

Co

a 7 Cb z
v
`"
co
co
o?
d)
3
N
co
d) m
N

C
N
N
N
N
$
N
0
O ?J/
x
>

V >
ca
? c m m

° m

C o
E a

E

= m

Z N

O N

O

O
r o ¢ a c3 ?
0
00

CcO
W Y
m
m

U
J9
m
(D Cl
E
a
a Y
(D

U Y
m

U
X

(D Y
m

U Y
m

U co
z C U) c3
E
o !
0 cn

m w

m

¢' z S

2 r

3 m
(D

:6 m
CD

%G
0 ¢ N U) (n
z
z

c
CL

c
CL
a
a
a
a
a
a
d
Q.
n ig
Q.
?
CL) cc ¢ m c? cr cr cc c c cr Q
rn
rn N
v
c U c ao

Cl) rn cv U Cl)
`8
`S
N ¢
N Z Z ¢
N ¢
U) cc
N N ¢
U ¢
N ¢
N
J ? U
z
rn
cr)
n
in
u00i
m
N
act
rn
0)
co
m
m ?

Z cp
O
N
O)
T
N pp??
pN
°
C7
Q N
N
o Cl)
O)
C)

m

?

cN
a. m m CC?
m m C?
m CC?
m c
m m m m m
F