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HomeMy WebLinkAbout19980216 Ver 1_Complete File_19980317State of North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Wayne McDevitt, Secretary A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director IN d*hWXA A00-M." AOOM% NCDENR NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES March 31, 1998 Alleghany County DWQ Project 980216 APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification and ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS Mr. W. O. Atkins NC DOT PO Box 558 Elkin NC 28621 Dear Mr. Atkins: You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those listed below for the purpose to grade, drain, base and pave SR 1466 from the end of existing pavement at SR 1466 Rich Hill Road from SR 1444 to SR 1464, as you described in your application dated March 17, 1998. After reviewing your application, we have decided that this impact is covered by General Water Quality Certification Number 3103. This certification allows you to use Nationwide Permit Number 14 when it is issued by the Corps of Engineers. In addition, you should get any other federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project including (but not limited to) Sediment and Erosion Control, Coastal Stormwater, Non-Discharge and Water Supply Watershed regulations. This approval will expire when the accompanying 404 or CAMA permit expires unless otherwise specified in the General Certification. This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application except as modified below. If you change your project, you must notify us and you may be required to send us a new application for a new certification. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying with all conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached certification and any additional conditions listed below. Sediment and erosion control measures shall adhere to the design standards for sensitive watershed (T 15A:04B .0024). If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You must act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing. This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-1786. inc ly, ton How d, Jr. P. . Attachment cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers Corps of Engineers Raleigh Field Office Winston-Salem DWQ Regional Office Mr. John Dorney Central Files 980216.1tr Division of Water Quality • Non-Discharge Branch 4401 Reedy Creek Rd.. Raleigh. NC 27607 Telephone 919-733-1786 FAX N 733-9959 An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer • 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper COPY North Carolina Wildlife Resources CommissionO 312 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604-1188, 919-733-3391 Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director MEMORANDUM C1?j 151 C? -' TO: John Thomas, Permit Coordinator Raleigh Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1; '? '? 1} FROM: Joe H. Mickey, Jr. Western Piedmont Region Coordinator, Habitat Conservation Program Original si%ne415X= Joe Mickey DATE: March 16, 1998 SUBJECT: Review of an application by NCDOT to pave SR 1466 and replace two existing CMP pipes in unnamed tributaries to Brush Creek, Alleghany County. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is requesting a letter of concurrence from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) to obtain a 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The NCWRC has reviewed information provided by the applicant, and field biologists on our staff are familiar with habitat values of the project area. These comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et. seq.) and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d). The project has the potential to impact unnamed tributaries to Brush Creek, which is NCWRC Designated Public Mountain Trout Water managed as Hatchery Supported. However, Brush Creek does support wild brown trout. Based on the information provided by the applicant and our information on the range of trout in the project area, we do not believe this project will cause significant effects to waters supporting trout. Therefore, we do not object to the project as proposed provided that instream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot wide buffer zone are prohibited during the trout spawning season of October 15 1 through April 1 to protect the egg and fry stages of trout from off-side sedimentation. Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. If you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at 336/366-2982. cc: Eric Galamb, DWQ Wayne Atkins, NCDOT .40-0 Scvr o STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION JAMES B. HUNT, JR. GovF;RNoR E. NORRIS TOLSON Sr•,cRRrARY wRy MARCH 12, 1998 Mr. Ken Jolly, Office Manager U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Branch f 7 V 6512 Falls of the Neuse Road Suite 105 ? Raleigh, North Carolina 27615 Re: Project No. 6.702267 - Grade, Drain, Base and Pave SR 1466 Rich Hill Road, 1.73 Mile, from End Existing Pavement to Beginning of Pavement, in Alleghany County, NC. Dear Mr. Jolly: The North Carolina Department of Transportation, District I Maintenance plans to Grade, Drain, Base and Pave SR1402 (York Road) in Surry County, to improve safety for the traveling public. (1) Sta 35+40 we plan to remove 42' of existing 24" CMP and replace same with 50' of 24" CMP Type B. (2) Sta 33+45 we plan to remove 40' of 36" CMP and replace same with 50' of 36" CMP Type B. These are perpendicular crossings of unnamed streams which are tributaries to Brush Creek. We are requesting a 404 Nationwide Permit (#3 Maintenance) from your agency. P. O. Box 558, ELKIN, NC 28621 PHONE (336) 835-4241 FAX (336) 835-1615 Page 2 Ken Jolly March 12, 1998 I am sending a sketch with the proposed erosion control plan along with a marked county map. This work does involve designated Trout Water. I am asking Mr. Joe Mickey, Mountain Region Coordinator of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission to comment directly to you concerning the 404 Nationwide Permit Request. Also by copy of this letter, I am requesting authorization to proceed under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act from the Division of Environmental Management. If further information is required, please let me know. Your early review and consideration will be greatly appreciated. Sincerely, W. O. Atkins, PE District Engineer Enclosures cc: W. E. Hoke, PE, Division Engineer M. A. Pettyjohn, PE, County Maintenance Engineer Joe Mickey, Mtn.Regional Coordinator Matt Gant, PE, Regional Engineer DEHNR Neil Trivette, Area Roadside Environmental Engineer Eric Galamb, Water Quality Certification Unit DEM (7) DEM ID: CORPS ACTION ID: NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT #): 3 PRE-CONSTRUCTION NOTIFICATION APPLICATION FOR NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE: 1) NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS 2) APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION 3) COORDINATION WITH THE NC DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT SEND THE ORIGINAL AND (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED FORM TO THE APPROPRIATE FIELD OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). SEVEN (7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). PLEASE PRINT. 1. OWNERS NAME : ,Oe"aA,e%iwdFjy/ Of % 9 /?NS Po?2%i4ri'4/?- 2. MAILING ADDRESS: 0, QOX SUBDIVISION NAME: CITY: STATE : /\/ C . ZIP CODE: 7 8 6 21 PROJECT LOCATION ADDRESS, INCLUDING SUBDIVISION NAME (IF DIFFERENT FROM MAILING ADDRESS ABOVE): 3. TELEPHONE NUMBER (HOME): (WORK) : ?36-8.?5 •4241 4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS, PHONE NUMBER: te,),Q, A7/f'r'N5 PC, ,UPS/ z-- NG?. 7 ?47 v? Pte, Bo S S B E/fr?'N, /?/C 2 8 2 5. LOCATION OF WORK (PROVIDE A MAP, PREFERABLY A COPY OF USGS 'T'OPOGRAPHIC MAP OR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY WITH SCALE): COUNTY : _11911G 6 i/f?w NEAREST TOWN OR CITY: S?A c f __ SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.) S? 1¢6 led fie, ? se /¢¢¢ To s? / 4 6. EMPACTED OR NEAREST STREAM/RIVER: U IP_ ",S? C,eCE/? RIVER BASIN: 7a. IS PROj-CT LOCATED 9----AR WATER CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, TIDAL SALTWATER (SA), HIGH QUALITY WATERS (HQW), OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS (ORW), WATER SUPPLY (WS-I OR WS-11)? YES (XI NO ( I IF YES, EXPLAIN: 43,2 usN eet c* Nd /9 N?9rn?? 7;? t' BuT.4R ?/ 7?0 Q?usf? C',ecC/r 7b. IS TlzrE PROJECT LOCATED WITHIN A NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGE= AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEC)? YES ( I NO (x 7c. I- THE PROJECT IS 'LOCATED WITHIN A COASTAL. COUNTY (SEE PAGE 7 FOR LlS =' OF COASTAL COUNTIES) , `9F--AT- LS LriNZ USE ?LAN (LUP) DES IONn:ION? 8a. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON THIS PROPERTY? YES ( ) - NO [X] I° YES, PROVIDE ACTION I. D. NUMBER OF PREVIOUS PERMIT AND ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (INCLUDE PHOTOCOPY OF 401 CERTIFICATION): 8b. ARE ADDITIONAL PERMIT REQUESTS EXPECTED FOR THIS PROPERTY IN THE FUTURE? YES ( ] NO (x] IF YD'S, DESCRIBE ANTICIPATED WORK: 2 9a. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES IN TRACT OF LAND: 9b. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS LOCATED ON PROTECT SITE: LOa. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT BY: FILLING: - d - EXCAVATION: -'D FLOODING: -0- OT-_ER: 1LCS S /yi9/? D, /D DP A;NAGD : -0- TOTAL ACRES TO BE Lv-')ACT D : D, 6)0? Ac 10b. (_) STR°AM C-1-ANN-EL TO BE IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT (r? RELOCATED, PROVIDE DISTIA.NC. SOTS BEFORE AND A.F'TER P-ClOCATION) LMIGTH BEFORE : .--- T'Z R . C'T WIDT? 3E.ORE (based on normal hich water cor_tous) : ['T WIDTH A.=T? CT AVERAGE DEPTH BEFORE: (2) STRZCM'i CHA.NNcL r?tnACT S r,,TTi.r? 7?,T (CHECK ALL T!LkT A 09 1 Y) - - , OPEN C-ANNc.L RELOCATION: PLACE14ENT OF PIPE IN CHANNEL C:AYNEL EXCAVATION: Al--? CONSTRUCTION OF a DAM/FLOODING: OT'.-FE R : 11. I. CONSTRUCTION OF A POND IS PROPOSED, KKAT IS THE SIZE OF T:l' WAT RSHED DRAINING TO THE POND? /y/A WHAT IS TF~.'.E EXPECTED POND SURFACE AREA? 12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK INCLUDING DISCUSSION OF TYPE OF 3 MECI{.ANICAL EQUIPMENT TO BE USED (ATTAC'c? PLANS : S 1/2" K 11" DRAWING p Z?A c k-. A/ 19 G / 49 G Z-- ri /L ONLY) 13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK I i % p G,e/a b C /? ?? ? ?, ,?3/9?Sc ? ?l.D of t?? 5 7_--_4407: D 14. STATE REASONS WHY IT IS BELIEVED T:-aT THIS ACTIVTTY MUST BE CARRIED ? TT?INUS S. (INCLUDE ANY Mr ,S - S TA=-N; To MINI (!?-ZE WETLAND OUT IN IMPACTS) To lo 0 Z ro /".57-1 YOU ARE .. REQUIRED TO CONTACT T??U.S. FTSH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 15. (USF`WS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (N-MFS) (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE' OF ANY FEDERALLY LISTED OR DAT?ITAT PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED F?GGT GgY SPECIES LN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE A (AT'T'AC'-? RESPONScS CONTACTED : o Co TAc_t ln4 c , - FROM THESE AGENCIES.) 16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER (SFPO) (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SI EET) RECA?R_D'vG THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN TNF PERMIT AREA WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY TIHE PROPOSED ?? _ ..__....... PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED: L7. DOES THE PROJECT INVOLVE AN E` PENDI TIRE OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR THE USE OF PUBLIC (STATE) LAND? 4 YES (] NO 4 (IF NO, GO TO 18) a. IF YES, DOES THE PROJECT REQUIRE PREPARATION OF AN ENVIROZ?ZIENTAL DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT? ////7 YES [I NO (1 b. IF YES, HAS THE DOCUMENT BEEN REVIEWED THROUGH THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE? N14 YES [I NO N IF ANSWER TO 17b IS YES, THEN SUBMIT APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION FROM THE STATE CLEARINGHOUSE TO DIVISION OF ENVIRONME2g7AL MANAGEMENT REGARDING COMPLIANCE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT. QUESTIONS REGARDING THE STATE CT._.c.ARINGFCUSE REVIEW PROCESS SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO MS . C?----,?.YS BAGGETT, DIRECTOR ST'c TE Cl-F-AR-INGHOUSE, NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTME.NlT OF ADMINIST'.RyTION, ll6 WEST JONES Si-R-EET, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003, TELEPHONE (919) 733-6369. 18. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THIS APPLICATION IF PROPOSED ACTIVITY INVOLVES THE DISC:-IARGE OF EXCAVATED OR FILL MATERIAL INTO WETLANDS: a. WETLAND DELINEATION MA<D SHOWING ALL VE'-rLAiT S , STREAMS, LAK S AND PONDS ON T= PROPERTY (FOR NATIONWIDE PERMIT NTJ7fBERS 14, 18, 21, 26, 29, AND 38) . ALL STREAMS (INTERMITTENT AND PERM-A\TENT) ON THE PROPERTY MUST BE SHOWN ON THE- MAP. MAP SCALES SHOULD BE 1 INCH EQUALS SO FEET OR 1 INCH EQUALS 100 FEET OR THEIR EQUIVALENT. b. IF AVAILA3LE, REPRES"=ATIV-E 2HOTOGR_APH OF WETLANDS TO BE IMPACTED BY PROJECT. C. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA SHEETS RELEVANT TO THE PLACEEMENT OF THE DELIN`ZATION LINE. d. ATTACH A COPY OF T'HE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN I= REQUIRED. e. WHAT IS LAND USE. OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY? /l Uk'A/ nl E. IF APPLICA.BLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE. DISPOSAL? 5 g. SIGNED AND DATED AGENT AUTHORIZATION LETTER, I„ APPLICABLE. NOTE: WETLANDS OR WATERS OF THE U. S. MAY NOT BE IMPACTED PRIOR TO: 1) ISSUANCE OF A SECTION 404 CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT, 2) EITHER THE ISSUANCE OR WAIVER OF A 401 DIVISION OF ENVIROM,fl I'AL MANAGEMENT (WATER QUALITY) CERTIFICATION, AND 3) (IN = TWZ= COASTAL, COUNTIES ONLY) , A LETTER FROM TEE NORTH. CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGr"MEN'I' STATING THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH = NORTH C.AROLI-NA COASTAL MANAGE fEY-r PROGRAM. OWNER'S/AGENT'S SIGNATTR.E (AGEIT' S SIGNATURE VALID ONLY IF Au I'I±ORIZATION LETTER FROM TTr OWNER IS PROVIDED (18a.) ) ?-/,2 -l-? lp) DATE 6 EROSION CONTROI..,/ DE"-IAII---.S AND SPECIFICATIONS Std. # Description ----- S rig h o t 1630.03 Temporary Silt Fence -- -- - - - -fT?---}}?-- 1630.05 Temporary Silt Ditch - -- ------- 1 605.01 Diversion- -- ----- - 1622.01 Temporary Slope Drain - - {--- 1630.01 Silt Basin Type-A 1630,02 Silt Basin Type-B 1633.01 Temporary Rock Silt Check Type-A - - - -- - 1633.02 Temporary Rock Silt Check Type-13 - -- - - 1634.01 Temporary Rock Sediment Dam Type--A -- - 1634.02 Temporary Rock Sediment Dam Type-13 --- - ?? 1635.01 Rock Pipe Inlet Sediment Trap Type-A p 1635.02 Rock Pipe Inlet Sediment Trap Type-B - - - Q 1636.01 Rock Silt Screen - a 1630.04 Stilling Basin _ V-_` 1J Rock Inlet Sediment Trap.- 1632.01 Type-A FF-11 .- 01-.3 --A 1632.02 Type-B --- - - B El OR B 1632.03 Type-C C_; E11-1 0R- C'; lfi - ER O S I S2l??.4tt'1:.gQ??'.LAJ?__?IEET Silt Basin Type B's will be constructed to the dimension of six feet by three feet by three feet unless otherwise noted on the plans, Generally, the order of installation of the erosion control measures will be as follows: Temporary silt basins shalI be instal .led before clearing and grubbing begins. Silt fences and temporary silt: ditches shall be installed after clearing and before clrading, Temporary stone ditch checks shall be installed as soon as ditchline is established. Pipe outlet and inlet protection will be done as soon as the pipe is installed. Seeding and other permanent erosion control measures are to be implemented as soon as practical, ? SRS \ Always SUPER toward ditch lint, as a temporary measure in this situation! C/fA)ziE 62ownj &Mo..f? C I lit C- A& 1 ? 1? 7 ? I ?Ennl<• ? i ?.. ?\I ?? ? bon H1 . ?API r ?• :.A? !hO;; I, nJt /. 1 .- 771 `1.1 ?Tk L I401 I-k? Hill S of <. , ? t I Clod. Vdlry / \ ?;' / / f f 1 ; I, O?VE r 1 1 / ;. 6lArha? ? z, ? µN (,. PARKWAY"' ' JRc?ELL \ 1r ?` 1 `tti c, I F.oori,q Gcv A /',' \ i tK, ' itr-iE \ °?? ? ? U 1T SR 1-I1u, Rd AL-L *DITCH LINER REQL IREMENTS* RO AD N E : SR 14" RIM HILL ROAD STATION STATION RT- I LT- TYPE LViF-R REQUIRED 32 G0 38--0 RT 3o-G0 3-T i LT R- - R- ,8- 20 ±r RT 4! z 'I 1--'.10 Q-0C C T u? i A3-.60 46+GG 64-18 72-25 LT RIP-RAP 7-? PT D 73-00 -4 LT _,_;?-R a 4-00 - =SG r -fRT ?T 80--00 82-011 LT -,? 81 X00 8? d0 R T RLD-R ?? ' '? 82-5r LTRT MAT 4- io 0 --- M A Tc H Sc nlc- I ? 50' 0+0 ti N +00 -7 +00 +00 5 400 ? ii 0 m XQ O J/ Oo - 10+00 q?00 ?koo/ . ? MP--rcH ?jA xn M LI O a v' .cF7 (.v 00 0 1-- ?A M 0- I Jam- 0 3 llv? z ?, W 6 Z? W w 0 Oo - ooo? 000 13 '1c?+ I? p no o0 t 13 -f o n n A,4 a? I I z -r- o o I?? rc I a -- N (LL 0 l? __ z2±00 _" n x aka ' L? -1-00 n /()-too k M - a~ 3 cn An V -, _ zI r z X W X Z Lr] 19+ JO O o ?- - -IK G MP C) G C) ?, I B 00 q too C) _z5-4zs --$ ± o0 boo MIA C? ? t'?r 0 ?U 2_G,+00 2-5- + 00 Z 7 _ W? 0 !? Z4 +00 O0 ? x m tO _Z +00 P . ?.uh . 3? ?,4 o- 2Z+-o0 MA-vr. r ?- ?_INE ?n ' o r oC) 3i?o --Z300 2 7 too E v ?n ?u _ ° - „ (CR LIN ---?-- CMG L ----- -_ 0001- -- 35 + 00 000 - -- -- 000 -- ----- , 0 3 a N? z r x `?0 ? 12 n ? E I LL) --- 34 +-oo II Z5 LJ 33 +-oo- 32- _a°n_ M.A--rc.N NJ r- z?o Tr- N N \` 40 ± o n I 3q +oo 3 +00 _0 M k o- mO? 3 ? v LI W 75+15 ? I x ?- x nx mil ? U l?iN? 0 t 3o BEG- +o 0 P V M?-- 6 4- -3+ °_°_ -4?± oo_ 25 N ""o 5 0 0000000 „ I.Z.o N N?r o- 1 i 3j ?j 2! R f?U3ecr ?D • LL 0 14 +C)o MATCH N K ci "13 +00 C .? U) N ° 4? CMP '1'2- U 7271 -'0 0 T f-- N ? M a x z x Q- 4 (>O I wl I Ul 25 -4 1g„?cP O _jo C lot 40 (-) o C ?n 70 -t-00 lx cr l? ± I_? AND Ex?ST?r f0` NMT n t- L i r,jE 'ENV T3F?bC?E__Oo1EYT No. ?.L`10o10? N I C( +- 00 - I aq 00 __ `1 q +00 rl(p +Oo 15 + 00 C? f?. Ox 3 CIC 06 l!) Z z W z f= X c 00 0 0O 7(p + 05 ?uQR1 x ` v a? z4- + r-)O 1N m x D o' N NE iNE ?'L? in u 0 m _81- x-00 . N M J ? Dx x 83 +oo N x M x ci 6Z.+oo Z z I 2 W x 8) +o0 N v n ?n 25 ?5 f?0 o0 { Pk3' ? ?rl I _A1400 _ u. 0 d- N/ -1- 6b t 00 1 to c a` 8s -24-+0( -9 N 00 + b8 00+ Ob oo+ 6^ d 05+Ib U? O U ?