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Home My WebLink About20181638 Ver 3_More Information Received_20200514Staff Review Does this application have all the attachments needed to accept it into the review process?* r Yes r No ID#* Version* 3 20181638 Is this project a public transportation project?* r Yes r No Reviewer List:* Sue Homewood:eads\slhomewood Select Reviewing Office:* Winston-Salem Regional Office - (336) 776-9800 Does this project require a request for payment to be sent?* r Yes r No Project Submittal Form Please note: fields marked with a red asterisk below are required. You will not be able to submit the form until all mandatory questions are answered. Project Type: r New Project r New Project w Existing ID r Pre -Application Submittal r More Information Response r Other Agency Comments r For the Record Only (Courtesy Copy) r Stream or Buffer Appeal New Project - Please check the new project type if you are trying to submit a new project that needs an official approval decision. Pre -Application Submittal - Please check the pre -application submittal if you just want feedback on your submittal and do not have the expectation that your submittal will be considered a complete application requiring a formal decision. More Information Response - Please check this type if you are responding to a request for information from staff and you have and ID# and version for this response. Other Agency Comments - Please check this if you are submitting comments on an existing project. Is this supplemental information that needs to be sent to the Corps?* r Yes r No Project Contact Information Name: Heather Patti VUio is subaitting the inforrration? Email Address: hpatti@trccompanies.com Project Information Existing ID #: Existing Version: 20181638 3 20170001(no dashes) Project Name: MVP Southgate Project Is this a public transportation project? r Yes r No Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? r Yes r No r Unknown County (ies) Alamance Rockingham Please upload all files that need to be submited. click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach document FINAL - MVP WSB Repair Stabilization Details - 05- 1.4MB 08-2020 RFS.pdf Only pdf or lqm files are accepted. Describe the attachments: Finalized/stamped buffer restoration plan Sign and Submit V By checking the box and signing box below, I certify that: • I have given true, accurate, and complete information on this form; • I agree that submission of this form is a "transaction" subject to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act") • I agree to conduct this transaction by electronic means pursuant to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act'); • I understand that an electronic signature has the same legal effect and can be enforced in the same way as a written signature; AND o I intend to electronically sign and submit the online form." Signature: Submittal Date: Is filled in automatically. CONSTKUCTION DETAILS FOR THE MOLLVTAIIV VALLEY PIPELINE PROJECT WETLAND, 5TREAMDANK # RIPARIAN BUFFER REPAIR � STABILIZATION ROCKIIVGHA\1 & ALAMANCE CONTENTS: I. 2. 3. 4. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN ffIRM: 5. SOIL * ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, PA 6412 FALLS OF NEUSE ROAD, SUITE 104 RALEIGH, NC 27G 15 (9 1 9) 64G-5900 PREPARED 1=0R: NEXTERA ENERGY RESOURCES, LLC ATTN : MR. ALEX MILLER GO TRAVIS STREET, SUITE 1900 HOUSTON, TX 77002 (71 3) 204-3729 C-0UNTIES, VC COVER * CONTENTS WETLAND PLANTING SCHEDULES, DETAILS * SPECIFICATIONS STREAMBANK PLANTING SCHEDULE, DETAILS $ SPECIFICATIONS STREAMBANK PLANTING $ EROSION CONTROL DETAILS RIPARIAN BUFFER PLANTING SCHEDULES, DETAILS * SPECIFICATIONS 0 le- RL 025525 i .'' � � Pad • °�.e`�� z 0 L O 2020 Sod 4 ff-ror—ntal Consultants. PA. N.C. FIRM LICcNSE NO. C-2 141 WETLAND PLANTING SCHEDULES WETLAND TREE 5PECIE5 (5-foot x 6-foot 5paclny - 4 5FCCIe5 R1lnlMUM) 5PECIES COMMON NAME TOTAL # 12E eEMA. K5 Acer rvbrurr, Red Maple TBD Bare root seedling Within wetland area Ny55a sylvatica Black Gum TBD Bare root seedling Within wetland area Ny55a b+flora 5warrp Tupelo TBD Bare root Seedling Within wetland area Persea borbonia Red Bay T5D Bare root 5eed1ing Within wetland area Overcu5 nrgra Water Oak TBD Bare root seedling Within wetland area Overcus michauxa 5warnp Chestnut Cak TBD Bare root seedling Within wetland area Tota I TBD WETLAND SHRUB 5PECIE5 (5-foot x 5-foot 5pacing - 3 5pecle5 rnimmum) 5PECIE5 COMMON NAME TOTAL # 512E REMARK5 Vaccrnrum corymbosvm High Bush Blueberry TEO Bare root 5eedlincg Within wetland area A5rmrna trioloba Pawpaw TBD Bare root Seedling Within wetland area Linder.? benzorn 5picebuEh TBD Bare root Seedling Within wetland area Clethra afndolia 5weet Pepper Bush TBD Bare root seedling Within wetland area TOTAL TBD NOTE: WETLAND TREE E 511eU15 PLANTING A5 PROP05ED PROVIDE5 roe A COMBINED PO5T-PLANTING STEM DEN5M OF G50 5TEM5 PER ACRE. 5UB5T71JTION5 MAY 6E REQUIRED EA5ED ON 5PECIE5 AVAILABILITY AT THE TIME Or PLANTING. ALL 5055TITUTION5 TO BE APPROVED IN ADVANCE BYTE ENVIRONMENTAL;N5PECTOR. PERMANENT WETLAND SEEDING SPECIFICATIONS WETLAND PLANT 5PECIE5 IN WETLAND 5EED MIX MAY INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: • V1rgrnia Wild Rye (Elymu5 or,3,,wcu5) • Lurid Sedge (Carex Iurida) • Fox Sedge (Carex v,vlprnoidea) • Woolgra55 (5cirpu5 cyperrmv5) • Deer -tongue (Drchanthehum 61,ande5tinum) • Riverbank wrldrye (Elymv5 riapnu5+) • Blue Flag (Iris ver5rcolor) • Little Blue5tern (5chizachyr1vm 5copar+vm) • 5howy Tick Trefoil (Oe.smondrum car+adense) . Eastern Bur Peed (5parganrurn arnerrcanum) BARE -ROOT SEEDLING PLANTING DETAIL (NOT TO SCALE) OPEN F'3-W ING 110a iNWTh PLA.CF 5ARE-ROOT 5EE0LiP#G rN nDIE• CL052 HOLE VT" 5n0VfL OR AIG?R- S110VEL OR AUGER ROOT =-4AR AT 5LLPFACE W AIR 5PACE AROLAE ROOT, 5 19 NOTE5= Q ALL A."A5 WITHIN WETLAND RE5TORATI0N AREA TO BE SEEDED WITH TEMPORARY 5EED NEC PER ER05`•ON CONTROL DEfAIL5 AND PERMANENT WETLAND 5EED MIX AT A RATE OF ; 5 L551ACR. 5L)55TITUTION5 TO WETLAND 5EED NIX 5PECIE5 TO SE APPROVED IN ADVANCE 5Y THE ENVIRONMENTAL IN5PECTOR. 2. ALL GRADED ARFA5 OUT50E OF WETLAND R5TORATION AREA TO SE 5EEDED WITH 5WITCMGRA55 AT A RATE Of 15 L55/ACRE. WETLAND KEPAI R � 5TA8I LIZATI ON NOTES: TYPICAL WETLAND PLANTING LAYOUT (NOT TO SCALE) TREE5 AND 5HRU55 RANDOMLY iN T EWIXED, 8 5ELECTED 5PECIE5 PER TABLES, TYPICAL S` X 5- 5PACING I . GRADE WETLAND SURFACE TO APPROXIMATE PRE -DISTURBANCE ELEVATION * 5LOPE, 13LEND GRADE PERIMETER TO ADJACENT 5TABLE WETLAND TOPOGRAPHY AS DIRECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL IN5PECTOR AT THE TIME OF CON5TRUCTION. PROVIDE FOR MICRO-TOPOGRAPI-11C VARIATION TO CREATE TEMPORARY SHALLOW PONDING OF SURFACE WATER AND D15RUPT 5URFACE FLOW PATTERN5. 2. UNLESS OTI1LRWi5E APPROVED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR, SLOPES 0UT51DE OF WETLAND RESTORATION AREA IN EXCESS OP 3 H - I V TO BE 5TADILIZED WITH BIODEGRADABLE '\\X1111111/j/ EROSION CONTROL MATTING (EXCEL5IOR OR OTHER APPROVED EQUIVALENT). �� CAS ✓�� 3. APPLY TEMPORARY * PERMANENT SEEDING MEASURES. INSTALL WETLAND PLANTINGS A5 5HOWN ON 'PLANTING SCHEDULE AND PER DETAIL5. WETLAND PLANTING 5CH EDU LE5 . DETAI L5 * 5PECI EICATION5 *� VS14 .�f 2 z or SLAL `L 025525 9 �!'4, 1ICE �r r 5TKEAMBANK PLANTING 5CHEDULE STREAM 13ANK STABILIZATION 5L1KUB5 - MULTIPLE ROWS DF LIV15TAKE5 TO TOP OF BANK 5FECIE5 COMMON NAME TOTAL # 512E QEMARK5 Cornu5 amomvrn 511ky do.�wood TSD Live 5ta•:: - Along Stream bank 5ambucus canadensrs Elderberry T8D Live 5*.akes Along stream bank 5afrx 5ervic+a 51lky Willow T6n Live stakes Along stream bank Tota I TBD NOTE: EXTENT OF 5TREAMDANK PLANTING WILL VARY BY 5TREAM, 5EE NOTE5- 510135TITUTION5 MAY BF REQUIRfD DA5ED ON 5PECIE5 AVAILABILITY AT THE TIME OF PLANTING. ALL 5UB5TITUTI0N5 TO 5E APPROVED IN ADVANCE BY THE ENVIRONMFNTAL IN5PECTOR. 5TKLAMBANK KEPAR * 5TABILIZATION NOTES: 1, GRADE STREAM BED AND BANKS TO APPROXIMATE PRE-D15TURBANCE LINE * GRADE. MATCH UNDISTURBED UPSTREAM * DOWNSTREAM CHANNEL INVERT ELEVATIONS AND CROSS-SECTION DIMENSION. BLEND GRADE 5TREAM13ANK5 TO ADJACENT TOPOGRAPHY AS DIRECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. 2. LINE R15TORID 5TREAM13ANK5 WITH NATURAL BIODEGRADABLE MATTING (CO IR CF-7 OR OTHER APPROVED EQUIVALENT) AS 5hOWN IN THE DETAILS. UNLESS OTHERWISE APPROVED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR 5LOPE5 OUTSIDE OF 5TREAM5ANK IN EXCESS OF 3H: I V TO BE STABILIZED WITH ERO510N CONTROL MATTING (EXCELSIOR OR OTHER APPROVED EQUIVALENT). 3. APPLY TEMPORARY t- PERMANENT SEEDING MEASURES. INSTALL LIVE STAKE PLANTINGS (AND RIPARIAN 8U FFER PLANTING5 If REQUIRED) AS 5H0WN ON PLANTING SCHEDULE AND PER DETAILS, PERMANENT 5TRffAM15ANIC 5EEDING 5PECIFICATION5 PLANT SPECIE5 IN BUFPEK 5EED MIX MAY INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: • Virginia Wild Rye (Elym05 V4rcjrrucu_5) • Deer -Tongue (Panrcum clardestrnum) • Soft Rush (Juncus effusu5) • Big Bluestein (Andropogon gerardr) ■ 5wrtchgra55 (Pan+curn v+r9atum) ■ Awned Barnyard Grass (Echrnochloa mvricata) • Creeping Bentgra55 (Agrostr5 5tolorufera) • 51ack-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckra hrrta) • Coreop515 (Coreap315 lanceolata) • Little Blue5tem (5chrzachyrrum rcoparrurn) • Indian Grass (5orgha5trum avtanS) • Gamma (Trrpsacum dactyforde5) TYPICAL 5TREAMBANK PLANTING LAYOUT (NOT TO 5CALE) TREE5 AND 5NRU35 PLANTING5 IF REQUIRED FOR RIPARAIN 5UIFFEK RESTORATION, SEE RIPARIAN BUFFER RESTORATION DETAILS IN5TALL LIVE STAKE PLANTING5 OVER ENTIRE LENGTH OF RE5TORED 5TREAMBANK, SEE DETAILS, NUME3ER OF ROWS OF LIVES TAKES VARIES BY 3' SANK HEIGHT - O 0 ® , 31 D s i M. —TQP DF BANK - 4. IF ADDITIONAL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED TO STABILIZE THE STREAMBED OR 5TREAM13ANK5 FOLLOWING PIPELINE INSTALLATION, NECESSARY STREAM CENTERLINE LIVE STAKE PLANTING APPROVALS WILL BE OBTAINED FROM NCDEQ-DWR AND USACE PRIOR (TYP.), 5EE DETAIL TO PERFORMING THE WORK. BIODEGRADABLE MATTING, APPLY TEMPORARY 4 PERMANENT SEEDING MEASURES AND 5TRAW MULCH PRIORTO MATTING I N5TALLATI ON, SEE DETAILS 5TKEAVIBANK PLANTING SCHEDULE, DETAILS * SPECIFICATIONS 0�11l1i�f0� Ip'��5- F E 'r AI 025525 r :DD��D� Zd�ii IN 11�110K K,' 5 \� s L ti.: BIODEGRADABLE EROSION CONTROL MATTING DETAIL (EOR STREAMDANKS) APPLY SEEDING MEASURES # STRAW MULCH PRIOR TO MATTING INSTALLATION BIODEGRADABLE MATTING BASE FLOW WATER, ELEVATION PPr)F11 F IIIF%A1 (NOT TO SCALE) BANK? ULL OR TOP OF SANK \� \ �✓ 1 2" EGO-5TAKE® 24" WOODEN CONSTRUCTION STAKE. WI NOTCH OR NAIL • TRENCHED TOP OF MATTING TO A DEPTH OF AT LEAST 1 2", STAKE OR 5TAPLE IN PLACE, al� BACKFILL TO DESIGN GRADE • MINIMUM 24" WOODEN CONSTRUCTION STAKE WJ NOTCH OR NAIL INSTALLED ALONG TOE OF MATTING 50E VtfW FRC-)NIT 1/1FM/ ■ MAXIMUM 2' O1C ALONG BOTTOM, MAXIMUM 3' O1C ALONG TOP AND MIDDLE • MINIMUM I' OVERLAP AT .JOINING 5ECTION5 OF MATTING LIVE STAKE PLANTi NG DETAIL (NOT TO SCALE) BANKFULL OR F BANK ANGLE -cur END, 45 DEGREF5 (APPROY j 1 2" EGO- 5TAY.E® (TYP.) EN CON5TRUCTION STAKE WI NOTCH OK NAIL • 1 2" ECO-5TAKE59) IN5TALLED IN BANK FLUSH WITH MATTING ABOVE BOTTOM ROW OF 24° WOODDEN CONSTRUCTION STAKE5 WI NOTCH OR NAIL TO ANCHOR MATTING w In n � v rez m TEMPORARY SEEDING SPECIFICATION5 s Q GENERAL r Wp J z w ALL DENUDED AREAS SHALL BE TEMPORARILY 5EEDED. 5EEDING AND Z Q r O MULCUiNG SHALL BE DONE IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTION- 7 ~ W 2 aC ALL DISTURBED AREA5 51''ALL BE DRE55ED TO A DEPTH OF 4 TO G c� z INCI;E5. THE TOP 3 INCHES SHALL BE PULVERIZED TO PROVIDE A Q ¢� O UNIFORM SEEDBED. :z! D ¢O 0� 5EEDING z p 5EEDING DATES SEEDING SPECIES RATE (LB5IACRE)CL- MAY I- AUG. 15 GERMAN MILLET l pFL# AUG. 15 - MAY I RYE (GRAIN) 30 MULCH MULCHING 5HALL CON515T OF CLEAN "SMALL GRAIN" {W; IEAT OR OAT) STRAW APPUED AT A RATE Of 2 BALES PER 1 ,ODO 51'. NO A5PHALT 5hALL BE USED FOR TACKING. USE 1510DEGRADABL E EROSION CONTROL MA-MNG (EXCEL51OR OR OTHER APPROVED EQUIVALENT) TO COVER 5LOPE5 STEEPER THAN 311: 1 V AND EXPOSED AREA5 OF CONCENTRATED FLOW. AAAIA Kl AAI!'F INSPECT AND REPAIR MULCH FREQUENTLY. RE5EED AS REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN VIGOROUS TEMPORARY VEGETATIVE COVER DURING CONSTRUCTION, BIODEGRADABLE ER0510N CONTROL MATTING DETAIL (EOR SLOPES) (NOT TO 5CALE) ER05ION CONTROL MATTING NOTE5: • LIVE 5TAKf5 TO BE IN5TALLED ON 3' CENTER5 (APPROXj BOTH VERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY, NUMBFR OF ROWS VARIE5 BY BANK HEIGHT • LIVE 5TAKE5 INSTALLED IN BANK WITH RU55FR DEAD -SLOW MALLET SUCH THAT APPROX, 415 OF STAKE 15 IN GROUND, REMAINDER UP05FD, 5TAKF LEAF BUDS TO BE ORIENTED UPWARDS • WHERE NECE55ARY UTILIZE STEEL PUNCH BAR TO CREATE PILOT HOLE TO AVOID DAMAGE TO LIVE 5TAKE5, GENTLY TAMP PERIMETER OF HOLE FOLLOWING IN5TALLATION TO ENSURE LIVE STAKE 5TAY5 IN PLACE. • CUT EXP05E0 END OF LIVE 5TAKE AFTER INSTALLATION IF DAMAGED (DAMAGED BARK, SPLIT END5, ETC.) DUE TO INSTALLATION NOTE: D15TUR15ED AKEA5 0Uf5 DE 5TREAMBANKS WITH 5LOPE5 Of 3H: 1 V OR STEEPER SHALL BE STABILIZED WITH BIODEGRADABLE ER0510N CONTROL MATTING (EXCELSIOR OR OTHER APPROVED EQUIVALENT) UNLE55 OTHERWISE APPROVED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR. ER05ION CONTROL MATTING, IQR IN TRENCH @ BOTtt 4ND BOTTOM EDGE5 5TIZEAM BANK PLANTING * ER05ION CONTROL DETAI L5 WIRE STAPLE DETAIL (NOT TO 5CALE) NO. I 1 h41hJ. GAUGE STEEL , 6' MIN. ®'p i l w/ t/E�i AL 25525 r" - �� NEE``. ti v RIPARIAN BUFFER PLANTING SCHEDULES BUFFER TREES (8-foot x 8-foot Spacing - 4 5pec1e5 minimum) 5PECIE5 COMMON NAME TOTAL # 51ZE REMAPr\5 Carpnus carohniana American ttornbeam TSD Bare root 5eedling VVIthin buffer area ercl5 canadens15 Eastern Redbud T5D Bare root 5eedhn13 Within buffer area Cornu5 Florida Flowering Dogwood TSD Bare root Seedling Within buffer area Acer rubrum Red Maple T15D Dare root seedling Within buffer area Ny55a 5yfuatica Black G-um T15D Bare root 5ee4ling Within buffer area Linodendron tul+prfera Tulip Poplar TED Bare root 5eedh119 Within buffer area TOTAL T15D BUFFER 5HRU55 (8-foot x (5-foot 5paclncg - 3 5FCCle5 M 11`11 M UM) 5PECIE5 COMMON NAME TOTAL # 517E REMAKr\5 Vaccrnlc+m corymbo5um High Du5h 5lueberry TDD bare- root seedling Within buffer area Carylus amerrcana Arne rican "lazelnut T61D Bare root Seedling Within buffer area Lerdera benza,.n 5p:ce1?u5h TBO Bare root 5eedimg Within buffer area Corrive, amomum Silky Dogwood TBD Bare root 5eedimg Within buffer area TOTAL TBD N07E: BUFFER TREE t 5:'IRU5 PLANTING A5 PROP05ED PROVIDE5 FOR A COM51NEp P05T-PLANTING STEM DEN5ITY OF 680 5TEM5 PER ACRE. 51JB5T1TUTION5 MAY BE REQUIRED 13A5ED ON 5PECIE5 AVAILABILITY AT THE TIME OF PLANTING. ALL 5UB5TITUTION5 TO BE APPROVED IN ADVANCE BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL IN5PECCTOP.. RIPARIAN E3LJFFER REPAIR 4- 5TA6ILIZATI0N NOTES: I . GRADE RESTORED RIPARIAN BUFFED. AREA TO APPROXIMATE PRE -DISTURBANCE ELEVATION * SLOPE. BLEND GRADE PERIMETER TO ADJACENT STABLE BUFFER TOPOGRAPHY AS DIRECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. 2. UNLESS OTFIERW15E APPROVED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR, 5LOPE5 WITHIN RIPARIAN BUFFER RESTORATION AREA IN EXCESS OF 3H.- I V TO BE STABILIZED WITH BIODEGRADABLE EROSION CONTROL MATTING (EXCEL5IOR OR OTHER APPROVED EQUIVALENT). 3. APPLY TEMPORARY � PERMANENT 5EEDING MEASURES. INSTALL RIPARIAN BUFFER PLANTINGS AS SfiIOWN ON PLANTING 5CIIEDULE AND FER DETAILS. BARE —ROOT 5EEDLING PLANTING DETAIL (NOT TO SCALE) OPEN PLANTi%G no:- vnTn T.ACE BARE -ROOT $=! ➢PJNG iw OPEC- C_D5E nO� >Mr� 5NQVEL Ot Aix[z- 5nQ� Cx AUGM ROOT COLLAR AT 5°JR: ACE NO AIR 51PACE AROUK3 ROal5 a NOTE5: 3 1, ALL AREA5 WITHIN RIPARIAN BUFFER RESTORATION AREA TO 5E 5EEDED WITH TEMPORARY SEED MIX PER ER0510N CONTROL DETAILS AND PERMANENT RiFAR1AN BUFFER 5EED MIX AT A RATS OP 15 M/ACRx. 51J155TITUTION5 TO RIPARIAN BUFFER SEED MIX 5PECIE5 TO BE APPROVED IN ADVANCE 13Y THE ENVIRONMENTAL IN51"ECTOR. 2. A! L GQADED AREA5 OU'T510E OF RIFA.RiAN SUFFER RESTORATION AREA TO 5E 5EEDED WITH 5WITCHGRA55 AT A RATE OF 15 1_551ACRE. PERMANENT RIPARIAN BUI=FER SEEDING 5PECIFICATON5 PLANT 5PECIE5 IN BUFFER 5EED MIX MAY INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: • Virginia Wild Rye (Elymus wrglnrcus) a Deer Tongue (Panicum clande5tinum) • 'Soft RU5h (Jvncu5 effu5U5) • 5witchgra55 (Pamcum orgatum) • Creeping Bentgra55 (Agr05t+5 5tolonrfer.0 • Dlack-Eyed 5u5a) (rZudbeckia hirta) • Corecp5l5 (Coreop5+5 fariceolata) TREE5 f 5MRU55 RANDOMLY INTERMIXED, TYPICAL 5' X S' SPACING 21 • Bio Blue5tem (Aadropogon gerard+r) • Awned Barnyard Gra55 (ichinochloa murrcata) ■ Little Bluestein (5chr2achynvJ 5copanum) • Indian Gra55 (5orgha5trum nutsns) • Gamma (rrrpsacum dactyloide5) TYPICAL. BUFFER PLANTING LAYOUT (NOT TO SCALE) r STREAM CENTERLINE TOP OF BANK ICI FAKIAN P U I~ffK PLANTING 5CH EDU LE5, DETAI L5 I* 5PECI EI CATI ON5 �._ ,O��tlll►li�e CA,90'!' /, fO' y ° SEAL — 026525 �'fR�Ck K `��•�� IL Ht,; �o: Ln