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HomeMy WebLinkAbout19930257 Ver 1_Complete File_19930628l' EDSA Edward D. Stone, Jr. and Associates 1919 South Bred., Teo ieys End, Suite 102, Charlotte, NC 28203 Planners and Landscape Architects Phone: 704-373-0534 Fax: 704-342-0251 October 22, 1992 Mr. John Dorney Water Quality Branch NCDEHNR P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7687 Dear Mr. Dorney; Please find enclosed, for your review, a request for 401 water quality certification for additional activities proposed by Vulcan Materials Company on a 345 acre property which they own in Mecklenburg County, NC. The proposed activities are situated above the headwaters to Caldwell Creek (NC stream index number 13-17-8-5) within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin. This stream has been assigned a water quality classification of `C'. Vulcan Materials has received previous authorization and 401 certification for a stone quarry to be located on this same property. The proposed additional activities include increasing the storage volume of the previously authorized fresh water pond and the creation of two new retention/detention pond areas. These new activities are being proposed to alleviate existing downstream flooding and to provide additional water for stream flow during low water periods. The additional activities have been requested of Vulcan by downstream property owners and are not a part of previously authorized quarry activities located on this same property. The primary purpose result of the ponded areas is to control flooding, improve water quality and to indirectly increase wetland acreage. All existing wetland areas of the site which are to be affected by the additional activities have been delineated and are described in the enclosed documentation. Wetland areas within proposed activity areas consist only of minor intermittent or perennial tributary stream channels located above the headwaters to Caldwell Creek which do not have sidestream wetlands. Due to the nature of the activities and the manner in which they will be performed, it is expected that approximately 4 acres of new wetland arga will be created from area which is currently non-wetland. This new wetland acreage will consist of permanently or temporarily flooded forest and littoral fringe. Embankment areas have been situated so as to minimize impacts to existing sidestream wetlands. All jurisdictional areas located on this property have been delineated and have been reviewed by Mr. Steve Lund of the Asheville Regulatory Field t 1 Office, USA-COE Wilmington District. The total jurisdictional area which is proposed to be filled under NWP 26 is 0.03 acres for earthen embankments to provide stormwater retention. An additional 0.36 acres of minor tributary stream channel will be impacted by inundation. The total of all jurisdictional areas on the site which will be impacted by the additional activities is approximately 0.39 acres. The total of wetland impacts on the entire tract, including all previously authorized impacts, will be approximately 1.64 acres. Project-wide, a net gain of approximately 2 to 2.5 acres of net wetland gain is expected. Please do not hesitate to. contact me if you have questions or if I can be of assistance to you. Thank you for your consideration in this matter. Sincerely, Craig R. Wyant, ASIA Associate enclosures cc: Mike Poplin, VMC The proposed activities are a modification to a previously authorized PDN (File no: SAW26-92-17, Vulcan Materials) which authorized the utilization of 1.25 acres of wetland area located above the headwaters to Caldwell Creek in Mecklenburg County, NC. The proposed additional activities consist of the following: 1. Increase storage volume of a previously authorized fresh water supply pond. 2. Create two additional stormwater retention/detention ponds on upper reaches of minor tributaries. EWj?p= of E.NmpQ5ed Modifications The proposed activities will be performed to satisfy the desire of downstream property owners that Vulcan Materials provide additional stormwater retention on-site to alleviate existing downstream flooding following storm events and to increase low-water stream flow by detaining water during periods of excess flow to improve water quality in Caldwell Creek. This flooding or low water flow is not the result of VMC.activities, however, Vulcan Materials proposes to voluntarily satisfy these desires by increasing the size of its proposed fresh water storage pond and by the creation of two additional retention areas on minor upstream tributaries to Caldwell Creek. In the process of providing the additional water quality controls, as requested, VMC proposes to perform the activities in a manner which will result in a net wetland gain. All areas which are proposed to be impacted consist of minor intermittent or perennial tributary stream channels which contain no sidestream wetlands. The boundary of all jurisdictional areas within the proposed activity areas have been delineated in the field. A total of 0.39 acres of additional wetland (stream channel) impact is expected as a result of all proposed additional activities. A total of at least 4.0 acres of newly created wetland area is expected to result from the activity for a net gain of wetland for the entire project. A description of each specific activity follows. Increase Storage Volume of Fresh Water Supply Pond The previously authorized fresh water supply pond will be increased in size to accommodate additional storage volume. This increase will impact an additional 470 linear feet of stream channel (approximately 10 feet wide) due to permanent inundation. A total of 4700 square feet (0.1 acres) of wetland area will be impacted. This loss will be offset by the permanent or temporary inundation of an additional 2.1 acres of non-wetland. A littoral edge of approximately 10 foot width will be created around the perimeter of the pond which will offset all wetland losses and an additional undetermined acreage of non-wetland will be seasonally inundated which will result in a net wetland gain. Creation of Retention Pond #2 This pond will be created by the impoundment of of a minor perennial tributary to Caldwell Creek. The storage area for this pond will not be cleared but will remain forested. A total of 1150 linear feet of 7.5 foot wide (av.) of stream channel will be permanently or temporarily inundated for a total impact of 8,625 square feet (0.2 acres). This area contains no sidestream wetlands. Approximately 3.3 acres of non-wetland will be permanently inundated and 2.9 acres of non-wetland will be seasonally inundated which is expected to result in a net wetland gain of at least 3 acres of forested wetland. This pond will be created by the impoundment of a minor intermittent tributary to Caldwell Creek. The storage area for this Creek will be cleared and a littoral edge will be created around the pond perimeter. A total of 825 linear feet of 5 foot wide stream channel will be permanently or seasonally inundated by the creation of this pond. This channel contains no sidestream wetlands. Total impacts to stream channel will be 4125 square feet (0.09 acres). The total permanent pool area of the pond will be 1.5 acres. An additional 1.2 acres of non-wetland will be seasonally inundated. The combination of littoral edge and seasonally inundated upland is expected to result in a,net wetland gain on this pond of over one acre. MINT HILL GUADRANCILE UNITED STATES NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 7,5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC; OEOLOCICAL SURVEY o,,. - ti ?n` t.'v f•` ' Mecklenburg County Site, North Carolina u tan Materiais Company Mideast Division Approximate drainage area of Caldwell Creek at Its outfall along the north property line is 700 acres or 1.09 square miles. NORTH ,. . .r 2000' r?• ^? ?. ell Caldwell Creek Drainage Basin OHD DETAIL j?A-TR TVTHSION POND li I ! ! { }:: ', :RM NEN N '?s. -` P/l x No l e' C1/P ?CC I - :T A I ITE R A H NNE ' ?G S 2 /2 7 0; ? ? 21 _ SE D£TAILS'"IT 11 , scluaci ? , ? , ... . . t ? rNT _ ? • , , ` IrcA No "-?3 "?'"? SL'/.•- D_LTA2 SM f?-1 ` a ?, • h ?e '? 1 N ES wf TE ??.. o. , DrrCH I Srr No 29 ND s£E DbT UL sNr r I DIrrCH No 92 VS+692 S E T srr ocrA2 ?M . { 1 M-w 1 K c+r•w Yi CLIY, 101 .... (TEN F SEA \\\\ \\\\? Aso \, \ ` 1'.. PENUAxrmr 1e' CPA ' . SLOPE DRAIN ITN ` OuTLAT PROrrcTION ( 1 D_fTC No 1 JJ i 1,1;1 dr Y T")p} 1_ I y `J SEd DETAIL SM ! p '' I Jwpt Dl?uk1 I. 7-71 ROCK DAM SEDIVV,7 WIN No 1 SSE DEPAIL SHUT 7 1 1 J , SCDI)IE,1,7 BA No SEE D1TA/L SNEf.T 1? 1 DfrCH Ho J I \\\ 7` y I M 111 -- R? ?, I??I• ??l!I IJ r.` ., ! .w. I 4C lI MCI! ? ,'1 ? -I- . .,S CTIC?,ti,E3 N, DrrcH No 2 SEE D-IL SHf 1 ? JULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY .AST MECKLENBURG SITE I {'=200' NORTH w • APPLICANT/PROJECT NAME : Vulcan Materials • DEM #: WQC#: MAP #: 93257 2671 3'- • COUNTY: Mecklenburg • LOCATION OF MITIGATION SITE (LAT. AND LONG.) --;?p • DIRECTIONS TO MITIGATION SITE: • ACREAGE AND TYPE OF WETLAND IMPACTED: 1.64 • ACREAGE AND TYPE OF WETLAND MITIGATED: 4 permanently or temporarily flooded forest and littoral fringe • DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION(IN FILE): Creation of two retention ponds. One will not be cleared of trees and a forested wetland will arise. One will be cleared and a littoral fringe will be created around the pond perimeter. • DESCRIPTION OF VEGETATION(IN FILE): none • SUCCESS CRITERIA STATED(if any): none • WHAT IS THE PROJECT STATUS?(mark one): RESTORATION, ENHANCEMENT, CREATION, PRESERVATION • MONITORING PLAN: none • WHICH REGULATORY AGENCIES ARE INVOLVED?: DEM • TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT(mark the ones that apply): RURAL, URBAN, PUBLIC, PRIVATE, COMMERCIAL V FIELD INFORMATION • DESCRIPTION OF VEGETATION(AT SITE): • SURFACE WATER LEVEL OBSERVATIONS: • SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER RELATIONSHIPS: • HAVE MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS BEEN MET?: • DESCRIPTION OF SOIL SAMPLE TAKEN: Uulian Materials Company June 28, 1993 Mr. Hunter L. Blanton Water Quality Section P.O. Box 29535 Raleigh, NC 27626-0535 Re: Wetlands Mitigation/Permit Clear Creek Quarry Dear Mr. Blanton: This is in response to your letter of June 22, 1993. Phase II development of the above referenced project has been delayed due to unfavorable market conditions. Thus there has been no mitigation as permitted. Our application package dated March 29, 1993 and subsequently approved by Mr. Howard's letter of May 07, details our proposal. Basically, the necessary mitigation will be accomplished by providing ponds with littoral shelves. Should you need another copy, we will be happy to provide if you will so advise. In the event you need additional input in the above matter, please feel free to contact our consultant, Mr. Craig Wyant with EDSA at 704-373-0534 or me. Sincerely, Mike Poplin V Environmental Engineer cc: Craig Wyant w/enclosure MIDEAST DIVISION / P.O. BOX 4239 9 WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA 27115-4239 • TELEPHONE 919 767-4600 The proposed activities are a modification to a previously authorized PDN (File no: SAW26-92-17, Vulcan Materials) which authorized the utilization of 1.25 acres of wetland area located above the headwaters to Caldwell Creek in Mecklenburg County, NC. The proposed additional activities consist of the following: 1. Increase storage volume of a previously authorized fresh water supply pond. 2. Create two additional stormwater retention/detention ponds on upper reaches of minor tributaries. urpme of Protxwd Modifications The proposed activities will be performed to satisfy the desire of downstream property owners that Vulcan Materials provide additional stormwater retention on-site to alleviate existing downstream flooding following storm events and to increase low-water stream flow by detaining water during periods of excess flow to improve water quality in Caldwell Creek. This flooding or low water flow is not the result of VMC activities, however, Vulcan Materials proposes to voluntarily satisfy these desires by increasing the size of its proposed fresh water storage pond and by the creation of two additional retention areas on minor upstream tributaries to Caldwell Creek. In the process of providing the additional water quality controls, as requested, VMC proposes to perform the activities in a manner which will result in a net wetland gain. nRacts to Wetland Resources All areas which are proposed to be impacted consist of minor intermittent or perennial tributary stream channels which contain no sidestream wetlands. The boundary of all jurisdictional areas within the proposed activity areas have been delineated in the field. A total of 0.39 acres of additional wetland (stream channel) impact is expected as a result of all proposed additional activities. A total of at least 4.0 acres of newly created wetland area is expected to result from the activity for a net gain of wetland for the entire project. A description of each specific activity follows. 00'r, 0/ The previously authorized fresh water supply pond will be increased.in size to accommodate additional storage volume. This increase will impact an additional 470 linear feet of stream channel (approximately 10 feet wide) due to permanent inundation. A total of 4700 square feet (0.1 acres) of wetland area will be impacted. This loss will be offset by the permanent or temporary inundation of an additional 2.1 acres of non-wetland. A littoral edge of approximately 10 foot width will be created around the perimeter of the pond which will offset all wetland losses and an additional undetermined acreage of non-wetland will be seasonally inundated which will result in a net wetland gain. This pond will be created by the. impoundment of of a minor perennial tributary to Caldwell Creek. The storage area for this pond will not be cleared but will remain forested. A total of 1150 linear feet of 7.5 foot wide (av.) of stream channel will be permanently or temporarily inundated for a total impact of 8,625 square feet (0.2 acres). This area contains no sidestream wetlands. Approximately 3.3 acres of non-wetland will be permanently inundated and 2.9 acres of non-wetland will be seasonally inundated which is expected to result in a net wetland gain of at least 3 acres of forested wetland. This pond will be created by the impoundment of a minor intermittent tributary to Caldwell Creek. The storage area for this Creek will be cleared and a littoral edge will be created around the pond perimeter. A total of 825 linear feet of 5 foot wide stream channel will be permanently or seasonally inundated by the creation of this pond. This channel contains no sidestream wetlands. Total impacts to stream channel will be 4125 square feet (0.09 acres). The total permanent pool area of the pond will be 1.5 acres. An additional 1.2 acres of non-wetland will be seasonally inundated. The combination of littoral edge and seasonally inundated upland is expected to result in a.net wetland gain on this pond of over one acre. RECEIVED NOV 2 0 1991 State of Noah .Carolina ?I(.ATORY BRANCH Department of Environil1ent, Health, and Natural Resouk"WATORY BRANCH Division of Environmental Management 512 North Salisbury Street • Ralelgh,.North Carolina 227604T. Everett, Ph.D. George Jarnos G• Martin, Governor November 61 Vi=tor 199 • William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary Mz. Craig R. Wyant, ASLA --ZVSA - Trolley's End 1919 South Boulevard, Suite 0 Charlotte, North Carolina 28203 Dear Mr. Wyanti ectt Proposed Fill in Headwaters or isolate m wetlands Subs Vulcan Materials Co., Ea County 1665 pr.o ect review oz your request for Water Quality Certification Upon to place fill material in 1.25 acres of wetlands for stone guar construction located at in Mecklenburg County , we have determined General Water Quality that the proposed fill can be covered by of the Certification No. 2176 issutaCheBe?ThisPCertificationymaY be General Certification is at used in qualifying for coverage under Corps Of Engineers Nationwide Permit No, 26• If you have any questions, please contact John Dorney at 919/7335083. sincerely* rge T. Ever t dTE:JD Attachment Corps of office EnDinOers t Ascorps of heville Regional Engineers oc: Wilmington Corps of 9 Mooresville DEM Regional Office Mr, John Dorney Central Files KEVON^LUFFICES WnshlnKton Wilmington Wlnn•Salom . Aphoylile Fayauoville Mnnrcaville R1ilcigh 4191446-6481 Wili5.1yUU instngtonal 7A4/251 62UK 919/486-1.541 7U41bi?3'I?vniwooti f re\rlntion Pa}-t P.O. Box 1981.5• Riduigh. North %rohno 27626.0535 Action 35 omplayno 919.711.701 S An Equal QI >' JIUIU Ul INUI It 1 l,_I lulll IU Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources 4 • s Division of Environmental Management James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor F1 H Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary ® ? F1 A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director May 7, 1993 Mike Poplin - Vulcan Materials-Co. - - Mideast Division P.O. Box 4239 Winston-Salem, N.C. 27115-4239 Dear Mr. Poplin: Subject: Proposed fill in Wetlands or Waters Stormwater pond creation Mecklenburg County DEM Project # 93257 Upon review of your request for 401 Water Quality Certification to place fill material in 0.39 acres of wetlands or waters which are tributary to Caldwell Creek for construction of a stormwater pond located North of U.S. 24-27 near Cabarrus County Line in Mecklenburg County, as described in your submittal dated 29 March 1993, we have determined that the proposed fill can be covered by General Water Quality Certification No. 2671 issued January 21, 1992. A copy of the General Certification is attached. This Certification may be used in qualifying for coverage under Corps of Engineers' Nationwide Permit No. 26. If you have any questions, please contact John Dorney at 919-733-1786 Sincerely, reston Howard, Jr. P.E 93257.Itr Attachment -r cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office Mooresville DEM Regional Office Mr. John Dorney Central Files Craig Wyant, EDSA P.O, Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone 919-733-7015 FAX 919-733-2496 An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper EDSA Edward D. Stone, Jr. and Associates 1919 South Blvd., Trolley's End, Suite 102, Charlotte, NC 28203 Planners and Landscape Architects Phone: 704-373-0534 Fax: 704-342-0251 October 22, 1992 Mr. John Dorney Water Quality Branch ' NCDEHNR P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7687 Dear Mr. Dorney; Please find enclosed, for your review, a request for 401 water quality certification for additional activities proposed by Vulcan Materials Company on a 345 acre property which they own in Mecklenburg County, NC. The proposed activities are situated above the headwaters to Caldwell Creek (NC stream index number 13-17-8-5) within the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin. This stream has been assigned a water quality classification of `C'. Vulcan Materials has received previous authorization and 401 certification for a stone quarry to be located on this same property. The proposed additional activities include increasing the storage volume of the previously authorized fresh water pond and the creation of two new retention/detention pond areas. These new activities are being proposed to alleviate existing downstream flooding and to provide additional water for stream flow during low water periods. The additional activities have been requested of Vulcan by downstream property owners and are not a part of previously authorized quarry activities located on this same property. The primary purpose result of the ponded areas is to control flooding, improve water quality and to indirectly increase wetland acreage. All existing wetland areas of the site which are to be affected by the additional activities have been delineated and are described in the enclosed documentation. Wetland areas within proposed activity areas consist only of minor intermittent or perennial tributary stream channels located above the headwaters to Caldwell Creek which do not have sidestream wetlands. Due to the nature of the activities and the manner in which they will be performed, it is expected that approximately 4 acres of new wetland area will be created from area which is currently non-wetland. This new wetland acreage will consist of permanently or temporarily flooded forest and littoral fringe. Embankment areas have been situated so as to minimize impacts to existing sidestream wetlands. All jurisdictional areas located on this property have been delineated and have been reviewed by Mr. Steve Lund of the Asheville Regulatory Field Office, USA-COE Wilmington District. The total jurisdictional area which is proposed to be filled under NWP 26 is 0.03 acres for earthen embankments to provide stormwater retention. An additional 0.36 acres of minor tributary stream channel will be impacted by inundation. The total of all jurisdictional areas on the site which will be impacted by the additional activities is approximately 0.39 acres. The total of wetland impacts on the entire tract, including all previously authorized impacts, will be approximately 1.64 acres. Project-wide, a net gain of approximately 2 to 2.5 acres of net wetland gain is expected. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have questions or if I can be of assistance to you. Thank you for your consideration in this matter. _ Sincerely, _ Craig R. Wyant, ASIA Associate enclosures cc: Mike Poplin, VMC J 0 ?n \i1 ? O ' O ? b O tx y F Y ? ? ro n [ y a LA z d 5° r d ? ? y Jv \ ? y ?1 o ? G b g o as ? q® z NJ State of North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources Division of Environmental Management James B, Hunt, Jr., Governor Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director June 22, 1993 Mr. Mike Poplin Vulcan Materials Co. Mideast Division P.O. Beg 4239 Winstom-Salem, North Carolina 27115-4239 Dear Mr. Poplin, ?v 1:3 F_= F1 I am an intern for the Division of Environmental Management in the Wetlands and Technical Review Group. My job is to conduct a survey of all wetlands mitigation projects required as a condition of 404/401 permits. I am specifically looking for information concerning the type of mitigation (creation, restoration, enhancement, etc.), the kind of wetland mitigated and where the site is located. Our files show that the Vulcan Materials Company was issued a permit in May, 1993 that required mitigation for the East Mecklenburg Tract Project. The information I found in the file is not complete. Therefore I would appreciate you assistance in obtaining the following information on file(s) listed in the enclosure. • Has mitigation been completed. • An exact location of and directions to the mitigation site. (A vicinity and a more specific map are both needed) • What type of mitigation was done?(restoration, creation, preservation, enhancement) • An exact description of the mitigation plan. (Including specific vegetation planted) • Acreage and type of wetland impacted in project. • Acreage and type of wetland mitigated. • Success criteria. • Monitoring plan. In order for me to complete this survey within the time allotted, I would appreciate receiving the information by July 6, 1993. i P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone 919-733-7015 FAX 919-733-2496 An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper ' 4?* e ort C?nr rn y..zihPn r.,n?ot If you have any questions concerning tplease call me or Ron Ferrell at (919) 733-1786. Sincerely, Hunter L. Blanton Water Quality Section Enclosures State of North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources 4 • s Division of Environmental Management James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary ® FE A. Preston Howard, Jr„ P.E., Director May 7, 1993 Mike Poplin Vulcan Materials Co. Mideast Division P.O. Box 4239 Winston-Salem, N.C. 27115-4239 Dear Mr. Poplin: Subject: Proposed fill in Wetlands or Waters Stormwater pond creation Mecklenburg County DEM Project # 93257 Upon review of your request for 401 Water Quality Certification to place fill material in 0.39 acres of wetlands or waters which are tributary to Caldwell Creek for construction of a stormwater pond located North of U.S. 24-27 near Cabarrus County Line in Mecklenburg County, as described in your submittal dated 29 March' 1993, we have determined that the proposed fill can be covered by General Water Quality Certification No. 2671 issued January 21, 1992. A copy of the General Certification is attached. This Certification may be used in qualifying for coverage under Corps of Engineers' Nationwide Permit No. 26. If you have any questions, please contact John Dorney at 919-733-1786 Sincerely, reston Howard, Jr. P.E 93257.Itr Attachment cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office Mooresville DEM Regional Office Mr. John Dorney Central Files Craig Wyant, EDSA P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone 919-733-7015 FAX 919-733-2496 An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper MEMORANDUM TO: John Dorney PlanIning Branch SUBJECT: WETLAND STAFF REPORT AND ***EACH ITEM MUST BE ANSWERE ^NAf ITZZ, , V, Y TtATE : f34 ATIONS ?,?p ?,ROtiP ?`i Lt f' T? PPLICABLE*)J`5i :'rt PERMIT YR : 93 PERMIT NO : ?77U-61)5 7 COUNTY : MECYLENBU G APPLICANT NAME: VULCAN MATERIALS CO. PROJECT-TYPE: STOP394ATER PONDS PERMIT-TYPE: NW26 COE_#: DOT #: RCD_FROM_CDA: APP DATE _FRM_CDA: 03/30/93 REG_OFFICE: MRO RIVER_AND_SUB_BASIN_#: ?4d%Zl`a d30711 STREAM_CLASS : G STR_INDEX_NO : WL_.IMPACT? : 01N 1 WL_TYPE : 6_72e,69* X,? ,C 3 WL_REQUESTED : A WL_ACR_EST? : v1N. WL_SCORE(#):A) WATER IMPACTED BY FILL?:/ i/INT HYDRO_CNECT?: MITIGATION?: MITIGATION-TYPE: C MITI GATION__S!ZE: id'l IS WETLAND RATING SHEET ATTACHED'?: Y,/ RECOMMENDATION (Circle One) : ISS?TE ISSUE/ COND DENY COKVIENTS: c.: Reed'-;nal Off._ce