Groundwater Monitoring Well Sampling SOP_20200306

toDUKE
) ENERGY
March 6, 2020
Mr. Steven Lanter
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Water Resources
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
410 S. Wilmington Street.
Raleigh, NC 27601
Mailing Address
Mail Code NC 15
Raleigh, NC 27601
919-546-7863
Subject: Duke Energy Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection — Procedure 3175.5,
Dated September 2019
Dear Mr. Lanter:
Duke Energy provides attached the most current groundwater monitoring well sampling procedure for
use at all our coal ash facilities in North Carolina (ash basins and landfills). The attached replaces the
former Low Flow Sampling Plan developed for Ash Basin Assessment (CAMA and CCR). The attached
procedure is similar in scope. In summary, the only significant changes occurring were additional options
for groundwater purging per EPA Region IV, updated Quality Control sample protocol, and additional
safety documentation. These changes are summarized below.
As in the previous procedure, Low -Flow purging/sampling is still the preferred method for groundwater
sample collection. In addition to Low -Flow and the traditional volume -based purging/sampling
procedure, an "Equipment Purge" method was introduced to the attached as an option. The Equipment
Purge method is similar to the Minimum Purge/No Purge method described in EPA's SESD Groundwater
Sampling Procedure (SESDPROC-301-R4, 2017). The Equipment Purge procedure targets those monitoring
wells with low yields that exhibit excessive drawdown during purging. These wells result in a static water
level which cannot be maintained even at reduced pumping rates, thus not meeting the stabilization
criteria for Low -Flow sampling. This approach is preferred to evacuating the well dry which dewaters the
screen and sand pack potentially affecting the water chemistry. Equipment Purge provides a viable
method as alternative No Purge approaches such as Passive Diffusion Bags, Snap Samplers, and
HydraSleeves do not produce the volume of water required to complete the necessary analytical suite
required at Duke sites.
If you have any questions or need any clarification regarding the information provided, feel free to contact
me at [e-mail] or at 919-546-7863 at your convenience.
Respectfully submitted,
oh#nToe?pfer, P.E.
Lead Engineer, Duke Energy EHS CCP
Waste & Groundwater Programs
Att: Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection — Procedure 3175.5, Dated September 2019

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DUKE ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Procedure Name: Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection
Procedure Number: Procedure
3175 Revision: 5
® Information Use and ❑ Reference Use
Author: Dee O'Brien Functional Area: Groundwater Science
REVIEWS AND APPROVALS
Primary RevieweJ: U Title: L4c,('Yc-,',,7f-'hDate:
Technical/Secondary
Reviewer: 4,4 Title: 5 442 ,Q Date: J
r
Functional Area
Approval: Title: Date:
ADQA Approval: Title: Date:
QA Approval: BTitle: 5Kmsor Date:
Chemical Hygiene
Approval: Title:
Manager Approval: Title:
Next Review Due:
Date:
Date:
Effective Date: d # 13 00
TRAINING AND DEMONSTRATION OF CAPABILITY
Initial training required Requalif cation training required Demonstration of capability
required
Read Only ❑ Read Only M Initial Requal
Read and OJT Read and OJT ❑ Yes Yes
Read and classroom ❑ Read and classroom ❑ No i No

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
GROUNDWATER MONITORING AND
SAMPLING COLLECTION
Procedure 3175.5
DU KE
ENERGY

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
PROCEDURE FOR GROUNDWATER MONITORING AND
SAMPLING COLLECTION
PURPOSE
The purpose of this procedure is to provide field methods used by Duke Energy staff and
contractors during the collection of groundwater measurements and samples. As such,
this procedure discusses multiple sampling approaches specific to various groundwater
conditions and programs. The objectives of this procedure are to ensure consistent
collection of valid and representative samples that provide reproducible and reliable
groundwater data to meet project/program requirements. This Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) includes proper well purging and sampling techniques designed to
reduce the potential of cross -contamination during sample collection and handling. Also
included are procedures for field data documentation, chain of custody records, and
coordination with both site personnel and the Analytical Laboratory
Components of this procedure may be incorporated into a site -specific Sampling and
Analyses Plan (SAP) for each program. In addition to SAP's, site specific Groundwater
Program Requirements (GPR) were developed and are maintained on a secure Corporate
LAN share. Compliance to these program requirements are mandatory for field
personnel and compiled on a form similar to Enclosure 1. Any changes made to
sampling requirements are updated as necessary on these forms to ensure proper
analytical methods are used, that required samples are collected, and preferred sampling
methods and stabilization criteria for each program are being met.
II. PREPARING FOR THE FIELD
Proper planning, preparation, and coordination are necessary for a successful project
execution. This includes a clear understanding of sampling event objectives and
developing a corresponding scope of work to meet those objectives. The sampling
equipment checklist (Appendix A) was developed to aid in field organization and should
be used prior to each sampling event. Depending on the site -specific project/program,
additional equipment/supplies may be necessary and should be determined before the
scheduled sampling event.
1) Laboratory coordination is vital to project execution. The previously
prepared Chain of Custody (COC) is reviewed by the Site Lead and
forwarded to the lab for review and editing (30 days prior to the event).
Based on the COC, bottle kits (including spare kits) are prepared and
supplied by the lab the week before the scheduled field event.
2) Coordination with site contacts should be conducted at least 30 days prior
to the field event. It is important that the site is aware of the type of work to
be conducted, the schedule, and personnel to be involved. Site specific
orientation training is required annually of all Duke personnel prior to
initiating work at Duke facilities and this should be pre -arranged with the

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
appropriate safety personnel. It is also important to maintain daily
communication with site contacts advising them of progress and promptly
of any project related incidents/accidents. Any issues with site access
should be communicated directly with site contacts.
3) Proper care should be exercised in the scheduling of personnel and the
allocation of equipment, and materials so that the planned field event can
be executed safely and efficiently. Equipment and instrumentation should
be inspected, cleaned, and calibrated daily with nitrile gloves (start and end
of day). An example calibration and post check log is included in Appendix
C.
4) Safety is always important in planning and executing a sampling event. A
Pre -Job Brief (PJB) and Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) should be prepared and
reviewed with the field team at the site and prior to performing any field
activities. A JHA has been developed for groundwater sampling and is
included as Appendix B. This JHA should be reviewed prior to each event
and discussed as appropriate for site -specific conditions. Additional safety
tools such as conducting a "360 Inspection" on all moving equipment prior
to use and "Take a Minute" to review site conditions prior to starting work
should be routinely utilized.
III. INTRUMENT CALIBRATION
It is important that all field instrumentation is calibrated in accordance to manufacturer
specifications. The water quality meter (pH, specific conductivity, and ORP) and the
turbidity meter should be calibrated in the field at the beginning and at the end of the day.
A Daily Calibration Log is included as Appendix C.
IV. WELL DEVELOPMENT
The drilling and installation of monitoring wells disturbs geologic materials surrounding
the borehole. Well development is necessary to promote hydraulic communication
between the well screen and the surrounding aquifer. Proper development also ensures
the removal of fine grained soil particles from around the screen reducing turbidity and
the potential for bias in groundwater sample results. Well development should be
conducted promptly after well installation but no sooner than 24 hours after grouting.
Common methods of well development include over pumping, surging, bailing, and
jetting. Redevelopment of wells is conducted when the desired water quality is not
achieved, typically but not exclusively, with regard to turbidity. Redevelopment methods
are similar to development techniques and can be conducted for several episodes until the
desired water quality parameters are achieved. The following steps outline the procedure
that will be used to develop or redevelop a monitoring well using the over pumping
method. This method involves pumping at a rate fast enough to draw the water level as
low as possible while also allowing the water level to recharge back to the initial level.
This method is repeated until desired water quality is achieved.

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
1. Measure the static water level with a decontaminated water level meter and record
in the field workbook/GMDS
2. If the well is equipped with a dedicated bladder pump, carefully pull tubing and
pump up (with gloves) and set aside on a clean plastic sheet.
3. Examine the pump for any damages to seals or drainage areas.
4. Carefully place a clean submersible pump down the well with attached tubing.
The pump should be placed approximately one foot from the bottom of the well.
Secure tubing to well casing and attach water discharge line to appropriate water
quality instrument.
6. Connect the pump to a power source and begin to purge well at a moderately high
flow rate.
7. Frequently check the water level and flow rate to verify that the drawdown is
stabilizing. Wells with poor recharge will sometimes not be able achieve a
maintained drawdown and will go dry. If this happens, development will stop and
continue once the well has recharged.
8. Once an acceptable flow rate has been established and drawdown has stabilized, it
is acceptable to begin recording indicator field parameters at specific intervals
(usually every 3 to 5 minutes).
9. Continue purging the well until desired water quality parameters are achieved.
V. DEDICATED EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
Dedicated sampling equipment is installed in monitoring wells to improve sampling
efficiency and sampling results. Dedicated sampling equipment previously installed in
the well eliminates the need to introduce pumps/tubing into the well disturbing the
existing well water prolonging well stabilization prior to sample collection. Thus,
existing dedicated equipment reduces sampling time. Dedicated well equipment also
eliminates the need to decontaminate any equipment used in multiple wells reducing the
potential for cross -contamination improving monitoring results.
Dedicated well sampling equipment includes well caps, tubing, and bladder pumps. Care
must be taken during installation to properly measure and cut the tubing such that the end
of the tubing (peristaltic pumps) or the bladder pumps are positioned strategically at the
mid -point of the wetted screen. If the equipment is positioned to deep it could disturb
sediment collected in the bottom of the well increasing turbidity and if positioned to
shallow could be above static water levels during periods of depressed groundwater
levels.

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
VI. WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
Water level measurements will be completed prior to pump placement, groundwater
sampling, or aquifer characterization activities. Some groundwater sampling
events/programs require a comprehensive water level sweep of all monitoring wells
within a 24-hour period. In these instances, a round of synoptic depth to water
measurements will be collected prior to groundwater sampling. These contemporaneous
water levels are used in the construction of potentiometric surface maps for the site. The
following steps outline the procedures that will be used to collect water level
measurements.
1) Describe the condition of the well (lock, pad, protective casing, general
access), ambient weather conditions and other factors that could affect the
final data analysis. This documentation is recorded on the Groundwater
Monitoring Data Sheet (GMDS) (Appendix D).
2) An electronic water -level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet should be used to
measure depth to groundwater within the monitoring well.
3) The electronic water -level indicator and tape will be decontaminated prior
to initiating water level measurements and between all wells.
Decontamination procedures are described in Appendix E.
4) The protective casing or flush -mounted vault cover will be unlocked/
removed and the inner cap on the riser removed. Caution should be
exercised while accessing these areas which often are occupied by insects
(wasps/spiders). Standing water present within the protective casing/well
vault above the riser should be documented and removed prior to
removing the well cap. After riser cap removal, the well should be left
open for up to 30 minutes to allow the static water level to equilibrate with
atmospheric conditions before measuring (if vented caps are not used).
5) The probe should be checked to verify that it is operational, then slowly
lowered into the well. A new pair of nitrile gloves should be worn before
each water level measurement is taken.
6) Fluid level measurements will be recorded relative to a fixed reference
point using an electric tape graduated in 0.01-foot intervals. The fixed
reference point on the riser will consist of a V-notch or an indelible mark
at the top of the riser, or if neither is present, measure to lowest side of the
riser and create a reference point for future measurements.
7) Using the electronic water -level indicator, measure the distance between
the reference point and the water surface within the well. The
measurements will be repeated until two measurements are obtained that
are within 0.01 feet. Record this information on the GMDS.
8) If the total depth of the well has not been previously measured, using the
water -level indicator, measure the distance from the reference point to the
bottom of the well. The measurements will be repeated until two

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
measurements are obtained that are within 0.01 feet. Record this
information on the GMDS. If the total depth of the well has been
previously determined, a measurement for total depth is not necessary as
disturbing bottom sediment in the well can contribute to increased
turbidity.
9) The water -level indicator will be removed and decontaminated if moving
to another well.
VII. GROUNDWATER SAMPLE COLLECTION
As stated in the Introduction, the objectives of this procedure are to ensure the collection
of valid and representative groundwater samples from monitoring wells that meet project,
program, and permit requirements. These objectives are not limited to sample collection,
but also include procedures for the proper handling, transportation and preservation of
collected samples to prevent deterioration or contamination prior to laboratory analysis.
Additionally, there are several methods for groundwater sampling available. The
appropriate method for an individual location/project is dependent upon the program
requirements and site specific hydrogeologic conditions.
Note: New, clean nitrile gloves shall be worn during all phases of well sampling and
sample handling.
A. CHAIN OF CUSTODY
The Chain of Custody (COC) is a legal document that must be complete, accurate, and
show an unbroken trail of accountability that insures the physical security of a sample. A
COC must accompany each shipment of samples. Each individual sample should appear
on a separate line within the COC. The original COC should accompany the sample(s) to
the laboratory and the sampler should keep a copy. Chain of Custody control for all
samples will consist of the following:
1) Sample containers will be securely placed in coolers (iced) and will remain
under the supervision of project personnel until transfer of the samples to the
laboratory for analysis has occurred. Ensure sufficient ice is placed in cooler to
reach and maintain 4 degrees C until delivery to the laboratory.
2) Upon delivery to the laboratory, the laboratory director or his designee will sign
the Chain of Custody control forms and formally receive the samples. The
laboratory will ensure that proper refrigeration of the samples is maintained.
3) The Chain of Custody document contains information which may include:
• Client name
• Client project name
• Client contact
• Client address
• Client phone/fax number
• Sampler(s) name and signature

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
• Signature of person involved in the chain of possession
• Inclusive dates of possession
• Sample identification
• Sample number
• Date & time of collection
• Matrix
• Type of container and preservative
• Number of containers
• Sample type - grab or composite
• Analysis parameter(s)/ method
• Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in the laboratory
B. SAMPLE HANDLING, PACKING, AND SHIPPING
Samples shall be marked, labeled, packaged, and shipped in accordance with the sections
outline below.
Handling: The samples will be stored in coolers for transport to the site.
Collected samples will be placed on ice in the sampling coolers for pickup or
transport to the laboratory for analysis. Nitrile gloves should always be worn
when handling or collecting samples.
Sampling Labels: All sample containers will be new, laboratory cleaned and
certified bottles. The bottles will be properly labeled in accordance with
Appendix G for identification and will include the following information:
• Project Site/lD
• Sample identifier (Well ID)
• Name or initials of sampler(s)
• Date and time of collection
• Analysis parameter(s)/method
• Preservative
C. GROUNDWATER SAMPLING METHODS
There are several methods of groundwater sampling available dependent upon
groundwater conditions, local and state regulatory requirements, and the goals of the
sampling program. These methods include Low Flow (Low Stress), No
Purge/Equipment Purge, and Conventional (Multiple Volume) sampling. Based upon site
conditions and/or requirements, the PM/sample team should select the most appropriate
sampling method.
Prior to sample collection, the monitoring well must be properly purged. Purging is the
process of removing stagnant water from the monitoring well in order to access
groundwater from the surrounding aquifer for the collection of a representative sample.
Indicator parameters of water being withdrawn from the well during the purging process

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
should be monitored and recorded to confirm the presence of representative groundwater.
Quantities of water should also be measured and recorded in the field workbook or on the
GMDS. When purging or sampling a monitoring well, all equipment and meters
introduced to the well must be clean and nitrile gloves should always be worn. Prior to
purging, all equipment and sampling bottles will be placed on tables covered with new
plastic sheeting or sheeting on the ground in order to prevent contamination.
1) Low Flow Sampling
Low Flow groundwater sampling is the most commonly used and preferred method at
Duke Energy for groundwater sampling. Low Flow is also known as Low Stress because
the intent of this method is to minimize stress on the aquifer during the purge/sampling
process. The goal of Low Flow is to withdraw representative groundwater from the
surrounding aquifer while causing a minimal disturbance to the stagnant water contained
within the well casing, above the screen, by stabilizing drawdown and creating laminar
flow from the aquifer into the well screen. Low flow purging/sampling requires the use of
a variable speed pump. Typically, adjustable -rate peristaltic, bladder, or electric
submersible pumps are used. Specific pump selection is dependent upon well
construction details, hydrogeologic conditions, and analyzes to be tested. Low -flow
purging and sampling guidance is provided below:
• Low Flow Purging
o Measure the static water level and record in the field
workbook/GMDS. If a non -dedicated pump is used, allow time for the
water level to equilibrate after pump installation.
o Using well specific construction details and current water -level
measurement, the pump intake is typically set to the approximate mid-
point of the saturated well screen or other target sample collection
depth.
o If the well is equipped with a dedicated bladder pump, attach the air
supply and discharge tubing to the well head. If a dedicated pump is
not present, attach tubing and supporting rope (if applicable) to the
pump and slowly lower the unit until the target intake depth is reached.
When using a peristaltic pump, lower just the tubing to the desired
depth. Record the depth to the pump intake (or tubing) in the field
workbook/GMDS.
o If the well has been previously sampled using low -flow purging and
sampling methods, begin purging at the rate known to minimize
drawdown. The goal is to induce a flow rate matching the well's
recharge rate by stabilizing drawdown. Frequently check the flow rate
and water level to verify that drawdown is stabilized and maintained.
If results from the previous sampling event are not available, begin
purging the well at the minimum pumping rate of approximately 100
milliliters per minute (mL/min). Slowly increase the pumping rate to a
level that does not cause the well to drawdown more than about 0.3

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
feet, if possible. Never increase the pumping rate to a level in excess
of 500 mL/min (approximately 0.13 gallon per minute [gpm]). Record
the stabilized flow rate, drawdown, and time in the field
workbook/GMDS.
o Certain hydrogeologic environments will result in monitoring wells
with very low yielding conditions in which stabilized drawdown is
difficult to attain. Typically, in these low -permeability settings, the
geologic unit being screened is composed of finer grained materials
(silt and clays) or fractured rock with discrete flow channels resulting
in very low hydraulic conductivities. These types of conditions may
require extremely low pumping rates to maintain the static water level
within the well. If the drawdown does not stabilize at 100 mL/min
(0.026 gpm), continue pumping. If the recharge rate of the well
continues to be lower than the minimum pumping rate, then initiate
groundwater sample collection even though indicator field parameters
have not stabilized (EPA, July 1996). Commence sampling as soon as
the water level has recovered sufficiently to collect the required
sample volumes. Allow the pump to remain undisturbed in the well
during this recovery period to minimize the turbidity of the water
samples. Fully document the pump settings, pumping rate, drawdown,
and field parameter readings in the field workbook/GMDS.
o For wells that either have very slow recharge rates or draw down
excessively at a low pumping rate (< 100 mL/min or 0.026 gpm). For
these situations, the Field Team Leader shall seek guidance from the
Supervisor about the appropriate purging and sampling methodology
to be used. (such as volumetric or no -purge purging and sampling as
described below.
o Once an acceptable flow rate has been established and drawdown has
stabilized, it is acceptable to begin recording indicator field parameters
at specific intervals (usually every 3 to 5 minutes). Indicator
parameters are pH, specific conductance, turbidity, and dissolved
oxygen (DO). Although not considered purge stabilization parameters,
temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) should be
recorded during purging. Base the frequency of the measurements on
the time required to completely evacuate one volume of the flow -
through -cell to ensure that independent measurements are made. For
example, a 500-mL cell in a system pumped at a rate of 100 mL/min is
evacuated in five minutes. Typically, indicator parameters are
monitored every three to five minutes and recorded in the field
workbook/GMDS. The water level within the well and flow rate
should also be recorded at five-minute intervals to document stable
drawdown is maintained. Adjust pumping rates as needed.

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
• Low Flow Stabilization
Indicator parameters of water being withdrawn from the well during the
purging process should be monitored and recorded to confirm the presence of
representative groundwater. Quantities of water should also be measured and
recorded in the field workbook or on the GMDS.
o During the purging process, water quality parameters will be measured
and recorded in the field workbook or on the GMDS. The purpose of
monitoring field parameters is to determine water chemistry
stabilization, thus confirming the presence of representative
groundwater from the aquifer in preparation for sample collection.
Water -quality parameters monitored to confirm groundwater
stabilization include pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and
turbidity. Additional field parameters to be routinely monitored,
although not used for groundwater stabilization determination, include
temperature and oxidation reduction potential (EPA SESD, 2013).
o Water -quality stabilization is considered accomplished when field
indicator parameter measurements meet the established criteria of
three consecutive readings meeting the following criteria (EPA SESD,
2013):
■ pH ± 0.1 standard unit
■ Specific Conductance ± 5% in µS/cm
■ DO ± 0.2 mg/L or 10% saturation
o Temperature and ORP field measurements should not be used as
parameters for stabilization determination, however these parameters
should be measured and recorded during the purging process (EPA
SESD, 2013).
o The target for turbidity is less than ten nephelometric turbidity units
(NTUs), which is twice the Primary Drinking Water Standard of five
NTUs. Turbid conditions with higher NTUs can bias laboratory
analyses for inorganic and hydrophobic parameters. In some
hydrogeologic environments, even with proper well design,
construction, and development, elevated turbidity values are
encountered due to natural aquifer conditions (EPA, 2002). When
these conditions occur, the following guidelines shall be considered.
o If turbidity readings are slightly above 10 NTUs, but trending
downward, purging and monitoring should continue.
o If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTUs and have stabilized
to within 10% during three successive readings or if purging has
continued for more than an hour, consult the Supervisor prior to
collecting the groundwater sample.

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
• Low Flow Sampling
o Record the final pump settings, water level, and volume of water
removed in the field workbook/GMDS prior to sample collection.
o Measure and record the indicator parameter readings prior to
sample collection. Follow the recommended significant figures for
each parameter listed on the GMDS.
o Record comments pertinent to the appearance (color, clear, clear
with flocculate, turbid, sheen, etc.) and obvious odors (such as
sulfur or petroleum) associated with the water.
o Always wear a new pair of nitrile gloves for each well.
o Arrange and label sample bottles and ensure that preservatives are
added, as required. Do not overfill pre -preserved bottles. Include a
unique sample number, time and date of sampling, the initials of
the sampler, and the requested analysis on the label in accordance
with Appendix G. Additionally, provide information pertinent to
the preservation materials or chemicals used in the sample.
o Generally, maintain pumping rate used during purging for sample
collection. However, when collecting samples for volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), the flow rate should be reduced to 100
ml/min. Collect samples directly from pump tubing prior to the
flow -through cell or via an in -line T-valve. Ensure that the
sampling tubing remains filled during sampling and attempt to
prevent water from descending back into the well. Minimize
turbulence when filling sample containers. Fill the labeled sample
bottles in the following order:
■ Metals and Radionuclides,
■ Other inorganic analytes, and then
■ Other water -quality parameters (including
organics).
o Seal each sample and place the sample on ice in a cooler to
maintain sample temperature preservation requirements. Ensure a
temperature blank is placed in the cooler with samples.
o Note the sample identification and sample collection time in field
workbook/GMDS and on Chain -of -Custody form.
o Decontaminate non -dedicated equipment once sampling is
complete, in accordance with procedures outlined in the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix E).
o Close and secure the well. Clean up and remove debris left from
the sampling event. Be sure that Investigative Derived Waste
(IDW) is properly containerized and labeled, if applicable.
10

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
o Review sampling records for completeness. Add additional notes
as necessary.
2) No Purge/Equipment Purge Sampling
No -Purge or Equipment Purge is a purging method used primarily on low yielding
monitoring wells with a slow recharge. In these situations, the static water level in the
well cannot be maintained, even at reduced pumping rates during the purging process
(>100 mL/min). The No -Purge approach is preferred in both wells that historically
exhibit excessive drawdown during purging and in new wells that display an inability to
maintain a consistent water level during purging. The No -Purge approach is also
preferred to dewatering the well and exposing the screened interval/filter pack to air.
Exposure of the screened interval to air promotes oxidation which can influence the
redox state in groundwater, affecting water chemistry, especially for inorganics.
Additionally, if the water level is within the screened interval, an equipment purge is a
viable option for sampling. Remove at least two equivalent equipment volumes, measure
and record one set of indicator parameters and begin sampling. Equipment set up is
similar to Low -Flow purging/sampling with an appropriate pump, tubing and flow -
through cell. A volume of water equivalent to the volume included in the tubing, flow -
through cell, and bladder (if used) is purged from the well and field parameters
measured/recorded prior to sample collection. This information is recorded in the field
workbook/GMDS.
3) Conventional Sampling
The Conventional method of groundwater sampling has been removing three to five
equivalent well volumes and recording water quality field parameters after each well
volume is removed. This is continued for three to five well volumes to determine when
stabilization occurs indicating representative groundwater. Groundwater samples are then
collected after a multiple well volume purge has been conducted and indicator parameters
have stabilized. It is acceptable to sample after five wells volumes have been removed
even though indicator parameters have not stabilized. The Field Team Leader shall seek
approval from the Supervisor before utilizing the multiple volume method instead of the
low -flow method. In some cases, the permit may specify conventional well volume
purging.
o Purge Volume Calculation - Based on the depth -to -water (DTW) and total
depth (TD) measurements, the volume of standing water in the well must
be calculated using the following equation.
➢ Subtract DTW from TD to calculate the length of the standing
water column (L wc) in the well.
TD-DTW=L we
o Multiply the length of the standing water column by the volume
calculation (gallon per linear foot of depth) based on the inner casing
diameter (see example list below) to determine the total standing water
volume; this represents one well volume.
11

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
V w = L we x21rr'
I -inch well = 0.041 gallon per linear foot
2-inch well = 0.163 gallon per linear foot
4-inch well = 0.653 gallon per linear foot
6-inch well = 1.469 gallons per linear foot
8-inch well = 2.611 gallons per linear foot
o Multiply the well volume calculated in the previous step by three and five
to obtain the approximate respective total purge volume. For wells with
multiple casing diameters (such as open bedrock holes), consult the drill
records and calculate the volume for each segment. Take the sum of the
values and multiply by three and five to determine the minimum and
maximum purge volumes, respectively.
o Fully document the volume calculation in the field workbook\GMDS.
• Conventional Purge
o Maintain reasonable pumping rates to avoid over pumping or pumping the
well to dryness, if possible. If necessary, adjust pumping rates, reset pump
intake depth, or extend pumping times to remove the desired volume of
water. The primary objective is to avoid dewatering the well screen/filter
pack.
o Upon reaching the target purge water volume, measure and record the
indicator parameters. Repeat this process for subsequent well volumes
until parameters have stabilized over three to five well volumes. Monitor
the DTW to determine if excessive drawdown is occurring. It is
acceptable to remove only the available well volume for subsequent
readings if drawdown has changed the equivalent well volume. Do not
allow the water contained in the pump tubing to drain back into the well
when the pump is turned off. Use an inline check valve or similar device.
The removal of three to five well volumes may not be practical in wells
with slow recovery rates. If a well is pumped to near dryness, the well
shall be allowed to recover prior to sampling. It is preferred to collect
samples within two hours of purging after the well has recovered to
provide enough volume for sample collection. Do not collect samples after
24 hours of purging as the water has re -stagnated within the well. If
necessary, the two-hour limit may be exceeded to allow for sufficient
recovery, but samples should be collected within 24 hours of purge
completion.
• Conventional Purge Stabilization
Indicator parameters of water being withdrawn from the well during the purging
process should be monitored and recorded to confirm the presence of
12

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
representative groundwater. Quantities of removed water should also be measured
and recorded in the field workbook or on the GMDS.
o During the purging process, water quality parameters will be measured
and recorded in the field workbook or on the GMDS. The purpose of
monitoring field parameters is to determine water chemistry stabilization,
thus confirming the presence of representative groundwater from the
aquifer in preparation for sample collection. Water -quality parameters
monitored to confirm groundwater stabilization include pH, specific
conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Additional field parameters
to be routinely monitored, although not used for groundwater stabilization
determination, include temperature and oxidation reduction potential (EPA
SESD, 2013).
o Water -quality stabilization is considered accomplished when field
indicator parameter measurements meet the established criteria of three
consecutive readings meeting the following criteria (EPA SESD, 2013).
pH ± 0.1 standard unit
Specific Conductance ± 5% in µS/cm
DO ± 0.2 mg/L or 10% saturation
o The target for turbidity is less than ten nephelometric turbidity units
(NTUs), which is twice the Primary Drinking Water Standard of five
NTUs. Turbid conditions with higher NTUs can bias laboratory analyses
for inorganic and hydrophobic parameters. In some hydrogeologic
environments, even with proper well design, construction, and
development, elevated turbidity values are encountered due to natural
aquifer conditions (EPA, 2002). When these conditions occur, the
following guidelines shall be considered.
o If turbidity readings are slightly above 10 NTUs, but trending downward,
purging and monitoring should continue.
o If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTUs and have stabilized to
within 10% during three successive readings, consult the Supervisor prior
to collecting the groundwater sample.
• Conventional Sampling
o If during the purging process the water level within the well was
substantially lowered to near dry conditions, allow the well to recharge to
ensure that adequate volume is available for sample collection. If the well
has not sufficiently recharged within two hours, consult the project
manager. At a maximum, sampling should be completed within 24 hours
of purging.
o Record the final pump settings in the field workbook/GMDS prior to
sample collection.
13

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
o Measure and record the indicator parameter readings after each well
volume is removed and prior to sample collection. Follow the
recommended significant figures for each parameter listed on the GMDS.
o Record comments pertinent to the appearance (color, clear, clear with
flocculate, turbid, sheen, etc.) and obvious odors (such as sulfur odor or
petroleum odor) associated with the water.
o Always wear a new pair of nitrile gloves for each well.
o Arrange and label necessary sample bottles and ensure that preservatives
are added, as required. Include a unique sample number, time and date of
sampling, the initials of the sampler, and the requested analysis on the
label in accordance with Appendix G. Additionally, provide information
pertinent to the preservation materials or chemicals used in the sample.
o If sampling with a pump, care shall be taken to minimize purge water
descending back into the well through the pump tubing. Minimize
turbulence when filling sample containers. Fill the labeled sample bottles
in the following order:
➢ Metals and Radionuclides,
➢ Other inorganic analytes, and then
➢ Other water -quality parameters.
o If sampling with a bailer (extremely rare), slowly lower a clean,
disposable bailer through the fluid surface. Retrieve the bailer and fill the
sample bottles as described above. Care shall be taken to minimize
disturbing the sample during collection.
o Seal each sample and place the sample on ice in a cooler to maintain
sample temperature preservation requirements. Ensure a temperature
blank is placed in the cooler with samples.
o Note the sample identification and sample collection time in field
workbook or on the Groundwater Sampling Field Sheets/GMDS.
o Decontaminate non- dedicated equipment once sampling is complete, in
accordance with procedures outlined in the Decontamination of
Equipment SOP (Appendix E).
o Close and secure the well. Clean up and remove debris left from the
sampling event. Be sure that IDW is properly containerized and labeled, if
applicable.
o Review sampling records for completeness. Add additional notes as
necessary.
14

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
D. FIELD QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
Field quality control involves the routine collection and analysis of QC blanks to verify
that the sample collection and handling processes have not impaired the quality of the
samples.
The quality control samples to be collected during every groundwater sampling event and
their frequency are listed below:
1) Equipment Blank - a QC sample collected in the field by capturing
deionized water which is poured over or through a piece of sampling/purge
equipment that has been decontaminated. The equipment blank is prepared
like the actual samples and returned to the laboratory for identical analysis.
An equipment blank is used to determine if certain field sampling or
cleaning procedures may potentially result in cross -contamination of site
samples or if atmospheric contamination has occurred. One equipment
blank sample will be prepared per sampling event or per 20 groundwater
samples, whichever is more frequent.
2) Field Blank - a QC sample prepared in the field of certified clean organic -
free water, which is poured into the appropriate sample containers onsite
and returned to the laboratory for analysis. A field blank is used to
determine potential atmospheric contamination of the samples. One field
blank sample will be prepared per sampling event or per 20 groundwater
samples, whichever is more frequent.
3) Sample Duplicate — a QC sample collected simultaneously with a standard
groundwater sample from the same sampling location under identical
conditions for the same analytical parameters but placed into separate
sample containers. Each duplicate should be assigned its own sample
number so that it will be blind to the laboratory. A duplicate sample is
treated independently of its counterpart to enable assessment of the
laboratory performance by comparison of the results. One duplicate sample
will be prepared per sampling event or per 20 groundwater samples,
whichever is more frequent.
4) Temperature Blank — also known as Temperature Indicator (it is not really
a blank) is small container of clean water that is placed in the cooler with
the sample bottle kits for transport back to the laboratory after sample
collection. Upon arrival at the laboratory, the temperature is measured. The
Temperature Blank is not actually analyzed for the presence of
contaminants.
Unless otherwise stated it is assumed that the QC have matching parameters to the samples
which they are qualifying. The exception to this case is the field blank, which does not
require TDS or filtered parameter bottles. This exception is true even if a TDS or filtered
parameter bottle was taken for the sample that the field blank is qualifying.
15

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
E. FIELD DOCUMENTATION
Daily field activities shall be recorded and maintained by the Field Team Leader. Recorded
activities shall be entered in the field workbook or on the Groundwater Sampling Field
Sheets placed into a field logbook to include the following information for each well:
• Well identification number
• Well depth
• Static water level depth
• Presence of immiscible layers (yes — no)
• Estimated well yield, if known
• Purge volume and purge pumping rate
• Time well purge began and ended
• Well evacuation procedure and equipment
• Field analysis data
• Climatic conditions including air temperature
• Field observations on sampling event
• Well location
• Name of collector(s)
• Date and time of sample collection
• Sampling procedure
• Sampling equipment
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers
• Preservative used
The Field Team Leader shall review the recorded field entries for completeness and
accuracy. The Field Team Leader is responsible for completion of the required data
collection forms. At the end of each sampling event, complete a Post Sampling Well
Condition Report (Appendix F), noting all challenges encountered on site. Use consistent,
proper nomenclature for all field documentation of sample collection (Appendix G).
F. DECONTAMINATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
Sampling equipment decontamination shall be performed in a manner consistent with the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix E). Decontamination procedures shall be
documented in the field logbook. IDW produced during sampling or decontamination shall
be managed in accordance with State and Station -specific rules for disposal of wastes.
16

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
VIII. REFERENCES
U.S. EPA. Region 4 - Science and Ecosystem Support Division, Groundwater Sampling Operating
Procedure. Document Number SESDPROC-3 01 -R3, November 2013.
U.S. EPA. Region I, Low Stress (Low Flow) Purging and Sampling Procedure for the Collection
of Ground Water Samples from Monitoring Wells, Revision 2, July 1996
U.S. EPA. Region 4 - Science and Ecosystem Support Division, Field Equipment Cleaning and
Decontamination. Document Number SESDPROC-205-R3, December 2015.
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid
Waste Section, Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, Surface Water Sampling, April, 2008.
Purnell, Paul. "Operation of a Water/ Product Level Meter." Duke Energy Environmental Sciences
(2015).
Campbell, Chuck. "Operating Procedure for the Hach Model 2100P Portable Turbidity Meter."
Duke Energy Environmental Sciences (2014).
IX. APPENDICES
A. Example Sampling Equipment Checklist
B. Example Pre -Job Brief and Job Hazard Analysis
C. Example Daily Calibration Log
D. Example Groundwater Monitoring Data Sheet
E. Example Post Sample Well Condition Report
F. Sample Nomenclature and QA/QC Sample Protocol
17

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix A
Sampling Equipment Checklist
❑ Appropriate PPE (ex. safety vest, PFD, steel toe boots, tick guards, snake chaps, safety glasses,
hard hat, sunscreen)
❑ Rain Gear (jacket and pants)
❑ Case of Water
❑ Site Sampling Binder (sampling logs, calibration logs, legacy data)
❑ Truck Binder (JHAs, General Contact List, SOPs and Procedural Documents, SDS
Sheets, Environmental Handbook, Health and Safety Manual, Car Accident Policy, Glove
Policy and Groundwater Sampling Checklist)
❑ Water Quality Analyzer with Cord and Dongle
❑ Display Unit for Meter
❑ Flow -Through Cell
❑ Laptop with Site Workbook (optional)
❑ Turbidimeters with Standards and extra cuvettes
❑ Water Level Indicators with extra batteries
❑ Bottle Kit with applicable Chain of Custody
❑ Extra Bottles
❑ Calibration Solutions
-pH, ORP, Conductivity, DO
❑ Dispenser with Milli-Q Water
❑ DI Water and Liquidox for Decon
❑ Pre-cut Peristaltic Tubing
❑ 1/4 inch LDPE Tubing for Peristaltic (optional)
❑ 3/8-inch LDPE Tubing for Monsoon (optional)
❑ Surface Water Grab Pole (optional)
❑ Tool Kit
❑ Bucket, Water Basin
❑ Bolt Cutters and WD-40
❑ Well Keys and Spare #2 Locks
❑ Controllers with Hoses
❑ AED
❑ First Aid Kit
❑ Fire Extinguisher
❑ Peristaltic Pump (optional)
❑ Mega Monsoon (optional)
❑ Power Source with Containment
❑ Gub Tub with Essentials
- Gloves (nitriles and cut proofi, Control Valve, Tubing Cutters, Pens, Sharpies, Duct Tape,
Accu Wipes, Graduated Cylinder
❑ Folding Table and Plastic Sheeting
❑ Clipboard
❑ Coolers with Ice
'version 1.0. Revised by Dee O'Brien 12/05/2018
18

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix B
Pre -Job Brief and Job Hazard Analysis
Job/Operation Title:
Date: August 30, 2018 KKH
® Revised
Groundwater Sampling
❑ New
Project/Task/Activity
Analyzed By: Groundwater Science Team
Supervisor review/approval:
Safety
Title:
Maverick Raber, Spvr. GW Science
review/approval:
Groundwater Sampling
Linda Hickok, Mgr. Water Resources
Plant/Facility
Comments: Review JHA during pre job brief, refer to JHA when conditions change
Location: All
DETAILED
HAZARD DESCRIPTION: (Review
CONTROLS OR PROTECTIVE MESURES (Evaluate
RECOMMENDED
PROJECT, TASK,
types of hazards. Anticipate error trapes and
defenses, consider engineering/administrative controls and PPE.)
HPI TOOLS
ACTIVITY
foresee consequences)
DESCRIPTION
1 Working in
Rain, lightning, snow/ice, wind: increases
Wear rain gear/proper clothing for the weather. Move inside when
inclement weather
potential for slips & falls, lightning strike
thunder/lightning are present, follow site specific thunder/lightning
guidance if available, or, if not, wait 30 minutes after
thunder/lightningthunder/lightning cease before resuming work.
2 Working in hot
Hot weather can cause various
Learn the signs of various heat illnesses and how to respond if
weather
manifestations of heat stress, including heat
symptoms are observed. Watch co-workers for any indications of heat
cramps, head exhaustion, heat rash or heat
stress. Acclimate to hot weather season. Use sunscreen, ensure
QVV STAR
stroke.
adequate fluids are available for hydration, take frequent breaks. Wear
light-colored clothing, work in shade whenever possible.
3 Working in cold
Cold stress can occur when these factors
Learn the signs of various cold stress illnesses and how to respond if
weather
are present: cold temperatures, high or cold
symptoms are observed. Dress appropriately for expected conditions,
QVV STAR
wind, dampness, cold water. Mild to severe
using layers, gloves and a hat to prevent heat loss. Stay hydrated, take
hypothermia and frostbite can result.
breaks out of the cold, watch co-workers for signs of cold stress.
4 Evaluation of
Usual hazards involve potential to injure
Assess risks based on site and tasks to be performed. Ensure personnel
Personal Protective
head, hands, feet, eyes, hearing. Other risks
have hard hats, gloves for various tasks/requirements, safety shoes,
Equipment needs
to personnel could come from insects,
safety glasses, hearing protection and use of any/all items as
snakes and wildlife.
appropriate for the task. Have available insect repellent, snake chaps,
tick protection measures and other protections to use as needed.
5 Prepare for sampling
Potential to overload cart, pinch points, body
Pre -trip planning, proper loading of cart — place heavier items on bottom
trip/demobilize from
positioning, when lifting equipment, boxes
shelf, use two carts if needed to move materials. Use proper body
sampling trip
and coolers; possible breakage of glass
positioning and lifting techniques. Allow adequate time to complete tasks.
sample vials; time concerns
19

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix B
DETAILED
HAZARD DESCRIPTION: (Review
CONTROLS OR PROTECTIVE MESURES (Evaluate
RECOMMENDED
PROJECT, TASK,
types of hazards. Anticipate error trapes and
defenses, consider engineering/administrative controls and PPE.)
HPI TOOLS
ACTIVITY
foresee consequences)
DESCRIPTION
6 Calibrate field
Contact with chemicals, slips/trips/falls on
Use proper gloves when handling chemicals. Use nitrile or latex
equipment
wet floor
gloves to prevent hand exposure to acids in sample bottles, exposure
to potential contamination in the well water sample and/or potential
sample contamination from materials on hands or no-nitrile gloves.
Properly dispose of calibration solutions.
7 Load/unload
Proper lifting, pinch points, sharp
Use hand protections, perform 360' inspection of vehicle, proper
sampling vehicle
edges/surfaces, housekeeping/organization
lifting techniques (knees not back), get help lifting, proper footwear
in truck, drop hazards.
(steel/composite toed boots for the field), closed toes in the lab, eyes
on path, clean trucks at end of day, 3 points of contact on stairs, proper
Tannin
8 Driving, trailering
Objects in front of vehicle, other drivers,
Maintain following distance, perform 360°, vehicle inspections, load
on road
distractions, road conditions, time concerns
securement, hands free, no texting while driving, use spotter for
DOSER
backing, wheel chocks for dully/trailers, use pull -through spaces
whenever possible.
9 Driving, trailering
Objects in from of vehicle, rough terrain,
Assess terrain, use spotter to guide path on-site/off road, use
on road/on-site
dead ends, slippery conditions, hills
turnaround points, identify escape route, use 4-wheel drive when
DOSER
needed
10 Use ATV/Utility
Rollover, uneven terrain, overloading,
Review and follow JHA for utility vehicle use; assess terrain, use
vehicle to access
getting stuck
spotter to guide path on-site/off road, use turnaround points
DOSER
sampling location
11 Working alone
Injury, illness, lost in woods
Follow Lone Worker Protocol, establish means of contact and check -
in times, carry SPOT unit, ensure phone is charged and has reception.
12 Working along
Visibility to other drivers, potential for a
Assess road configuration and potential for vehicle to enter work zone.
roadside
vehicle to enter work zone and contact
Note whether highway merging, intersections or other unusually
company vehicle or worker
active conditions are present. Set up work zone, including parking
STAR
vehicle to act as a barrier between road and workers whenever
possible, use flashers, set up orange cones, use high visibility safety
vest.
13 Walking along
Potential for a vehicle to hit pedestrian
Walk facing traffic, except when crossing the road would be more
roadside
hazardous, wear high visibility safety vest, stay well off the shoulder
of the road, keep one hand free. Use wagon to more equipment if
needed.
20

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix B
DETAILED
HAZARD DESCRIPTION: (Review
CONTROLS OR PROTECTIVE MESURES (Evaluate
RECOMMENDED
PROJECT, TASK,
types of hazards. Anticipate error trapes and
defenses, consider engineering/administrative controls and PPE.)
HPI TOOLS
ACTIVITY
foresee consequences)
DESCRIPTION
14
Construction work
Heavy equipment in the area
Discuss during PJB, wear reflective vest, make eye contact with driver
on sites
15
Access Wells
Uneven walking surfaces, pinch points,
Balance loads, keep on hand free if possible, remove well cap carefully
slips/trips/falls, carrying equipment,
and inspect for insect/critter hazards, use bug spray/insect repellent,
STAR
removing well cap (insects, snakes, etc.),
follow tick protection measures, use snake chaps as appropriate
possible working along, ticks/mosquitoes
16
Set up sampling
Connecting battery (electrical shock),
Keep battery in containment, use care when handling, carrying and
equipment
slips/trips/falls, contact with potentially
connecting battery, use appropriate PPE/hand protection, keep on hand
contaminated water, spills, pinch points
free, look for potential pinch points and line of fire hazards.
17
Cut tubing
Cut to hand or other body part
Follow glove guidance: when performing non -sampling activities that
involve cutting, use gloves that have a minimum visible ANSI cut rating
of 4 or greater, with an exoskeleton for impact protection. In addition, use
only approved cutting tools to cut tubing: do not use knives, side cutters,
wire cutters, or other unapproved tools for this task
18
Collect samples
Slips/trips/falls (cords, tubing, buckets),
When performing tasks other than cutting, use nitrile or latex gloves to
contamination, splashes, branches, generator
prevent hand exposure to acids in sample bottles, exposure to potential
noise
contamination in the well water sample and/or potential sample
STAR
contamination from materials on hands or non-nitrile gloves.
Secondary containment for fuel, be aware of surroundings/weather/fire
ants, use PPE as appropriate to the task.
19
Winching
Incorrect connection, incorrect use, line of
Get training on proper use, follow proper practices when connecting and
fire
using winch, inspect cable prior to use
20
Working near
Slip/trip/fall, splashes, drowning
Use PFD within 10 feet of shoreline, use sampling tools such as sampling
water
pole to extend reach
21
Business unit
Review CCP safety supplement, familiarize team with other business unit
requirements/keys
keys to life, depending on site, discuss site -specific risks and business
to life
unit requirements before deploying to site to ensure preparedness
22
Public contact
Angry/difficult citizens/ neighbors
Call for help, stay in truck, engage in conversation if appropriate
23
Spill response
Contact with fuel or chemical, environmental
Review use of spill cleanup materials, stop spill as quickly as possible,
impact
use spill kit (each vehicle), notify site personnel, provide information in
support of any required reporting.
24
Pre-existing
Allergic reactions, diabetes, epilepsy, injures
Workers share their information with co-workers, if applicable show co -
medical conditions
asthma/heart attack
workers how to use any medical assistive devices have information for
each site about how to contact emergency services.
Site:
21

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix B
Signature Date Time In Time Out
r-N

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix C
❑ CAMA ❑CCR []Landfill ❑NPDES ❑SPECIAL STUDY
DAILY CALIBRATION LOG
Site: Date:
FIELD PERSONNEL:
WEATHER: ❑SUNNY [-]PARTLY CLOUDY [-]OVERCAST
TEMPURATURE (APPROX):
INSITU SMARTROLL SERIAL #:
21000 SERIAL #:
❑RAIN ❑SNOW
OF,
Specific Conductivity
Buffer
Meter
Within f
Time:
Lot Number
Expiration
Temperature
Reading
10%?
(°C)
(µs)
(circle)
Standard Value µs
Y N
Calibration Check of
us as Live Reading
Y N
Post Calibration Date: Time:
µs Y N
pH
Buffer
Chart
Meter
Within f
Time:
Lot Number
Expiration
Temperature
pH (su)
Reading
0.1 su?
(OC)
(su)
(circle)
7.00 su
Y N
10.01 su
Y N
4.01 su
Y N
Check of 7.00 su as Live Reading
Y N
Within f
Post Calibration: Date: Time:
0.2 su?
(circle)
7.00 su
Y N
10.01 su
Y N
4.01 su
Y N
23

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix C
❑ CAMA ❑CCR []Landfill ❑NPDES ❑SPECIAL STUDY
DAILY CALIBRATION LOG
Site: Date:
Field Personnel:
ORP
Buffer
Adjusted
Meter
Within f
Lot Number
Expiration
Temperature
Value
Reading
20%?
Time:
(°C)
(mv)
(mv)
(circle)
mv
Y N
Post Calibration Date: Time:
mv I Y N
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature
Barometric
Chart DO
% Saturation
Within t 0.5?
(°C)
Pressure (mmHg)
(mg/L)
(%Sat)
(circle)
Time:
Y N
Calibration Check as Live
Reading
Y N
Post Calibration
Date:
Time:
Y N
Turbidi
Standard (NTU)
Acceptance Range
(NTU)
Meter Reading
(NTU)
Within f 5%?
(circle)
Time:
Y N
Post Calibration -
Date:
Y N
Time:
Daily Turbidity Meter BLANK
DI Water (NTU)
Less than 0.10 NTU
Date:
Y N
Time:
24

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix D
FIELD SAMPLING LOG
Site: Well/SW ID: Date:
❑ GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ❑SURFACE WATER SAMPLE ❑LEACHATE SAMPLE ❑WLO ❑WELL DEVELOPMENT
FIELD PERSONNEL:
WEATHER: ❑SUNNY ❑PARTLY CLOUDY ❑OVERCAST ❑RAIN [-]SNOW
COMPANY: AIR TEMPERATURE: OF
❑ DUKE ENERGY FIELD METER TYPE/SERIAL #:
❑OTHER: TURBIDIMETER TYPE/ SERIAL #:
START PURGE TIME: SAMPLE COLLECTION TIME:
WELL DEPTH: (ft) DEPTH TO WATER: (ft) MULT FACTOR: 0.163[*(radius/12)2*3.14*7.48]
WELL DIAMETER: (in) HEIGHT OF WC: (ft) WELL VOLUME: (gal)
PUMP/TUBING INTAKE DEPTH: (ft) TOTAL VOL. PURGED: (gal)
TYPE OF PUMP:
❑Bladder
❑Peristaltic
❑12 Volt
❑Grundfos
El Other ( )
PURGE METHOD:
SAMPLING METHOD:
PUMP SETTING:
P
R
D
(psi) I (sec) I (sec) Low Flow Sampling Stabilizing Criteria
• pH f 0.1 standard unit
• Specific Conductance t 5% in NSlcm
• ❑O t 0.2 mg/l_ or 10% saturation
• Turbidity less than 10 NTUs
WATER
LEVEL
FLOW
RATE
VOLUME
REMOVED
TEMPERATURE
DO
SPECIFIC
CONDUCTANCE
pH
ORP
TURBIDITY
TIME
(FT)
x.xx
(mL/min)
x
(gallons OR
mL x.xx
CC)
x
(mg/L)
x.xx
(µS/cm)
x
(so)
x.xx
(mV)
x
(NTU)
x.x
PLEASE REFER TU'1'HE BACK OF THIS SHEET 1F THE CHART ABOVE 1S FULL
IS REDEVELOPMENT NEEDED (>10 NUTS)? ❑YES ❑NO WERE ALL THE SAMPLES ON ICE WITHIN 15 MINUTES? ❑YES ❑NO
IS TURBIDITY METER DUPLICATE El YES ❑NO IS THE LOCATION FIELD VEHICLE ACCESSIBLE?
REQUIRED? El YES ❑NO
IS THE TURBIDITY METER DUPLICATE TAKEN WITHIN 15%? ❑YES -]NO DUPLICATE 1 (NTU) DUPLICATE 2 (NTU)
FINAL SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS:
DETECTED ODOR (circle) None 112S Petroleum Earthy Musty Undetermined
ODOR STRENGTH (circle) None Minor Strong
APPERANCE (circle) Clear Cloudy Turbid Red/Iron Film on Surface Sheen Fines Floc
/_\ 111111111 115210VI 0►f271 Y 3LC
WELL TAG
PROTECTIVE
LOCK
DUST CAP
CONCRETE PAD
CASING
GOOD BAD I NONE
GOOD I BAD NONE
GOOD I BAD I NONE
GOOD BAD I NONE
GOOD I BAD I NONE
25

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix D
Site: Well/SW ID: Date:
TIME
WATER
LEVEL
FLOW
RATE
VOLUME
REMOVED
TEMPERATURE
DO
SPECIFIC
CONDUCTANCE
pH
ORP
TURBIDITY
(FT)
X.XX
(mL/min)
X
(gallons OR
ML X.XX
CQ
(X)
(mg/L)
X.XR
(µS/cm)
X
(su)
X.%X
(mv)
X
(NTU)
X.X
26

Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling Collection 3175.5
Appendix E
Well Condition Report for CCP Site Environmental, CCP Safety
Professionals and Duke SME
*Please see example in purple below
CLS Ash Basin and Landfill Well Condition Report
The Groundwater Science Team collected groundwater samples of the Ash Basin for NPDES
compliance and the CCP Landfill for Solid Waste compliance at Cliffside from April 24-25, 2018. The
Field crew consisted of JAW, AEH, RDP and DDH. The weather was about 50°F with rain on April 24',
then 70OF and sunny on April 25t1'. Please note the following issues were encountered during our sampling
event.
Well ID
Program
Sample Date
Issue
Solution
CCPMW-ID
Solid Waste
Compliance
04/24/2018
Tall grass around concrete
pads increases the
potential for samplers to
encounter snakes and ticks
Please ensure that
access is clear before
an event occurs
Examples of other potential issues:
Access to
Access
Fallen tree
Road
Well
Well
Well lock
Tree root
well site is
around well
blocking
washing
found
found
rusted that
intrusion
poor
is
access
out,
unlocked
unlocked
needs
compromised
muddy or
replaced
needs
adin
Well cap
Bee hives
Broken
Evident
Fire ants
Concrete
Any (#2)
Stray dogs
needs
around or in
protective
tick
around
pad needs
locks
nearby
repair
well casting
well
population
well
repair
replaced
casting
around
well
Well caps
Well tags are
Bird nests
Water in
Flush
Flush
Damaged
Public
need
missing or
around or
flush
mount
mount
well
presence
replaced
damaged
in well
mounts
bolts/bolt
vault lid
casing
near well
casting
holes
cracked or
stripped
broken
27

SAMPLE NOMENCLATURE AND QA/QC EXAMPLE SAMPLE FREQUENCIES
Well Names: SITE followed by WELL ID
SITE — this is the site being sampled. Use the site abbreviation codes:
DEC Site
DEC Site Abbreviation
DEP Site
DEP Site Abbreviation
Allen
ALN
Asheville
ASV
Belews
BLC
Asheville Airport
ASA
Buck
BSC
Cape Fear
CFR
Catawba
CNS
Harris
HNP
Cliffside
CLS
H.F. Lee
LCC
Dan River
DRC
Mayo
MAY
McGuire
MNS
Roxboro
ROX
Marshall
MSS
Sutton
SCC
Oconee
ONS
Weatherspoon
WSC
Riverbend
RBS
Robinson
RNP
W.S. Lee
LEE
ENO
ENO
WELL —this is the actual well ID
Example for well MW-10S at Dan River: DRC_MW-105
QA Sample Names: SITE -TYPE -SAMPLER -NUMBER
TYPE — this is the type of QA sample. Use the QA type abbreviation codes:
QA Type QA Abbreviation Example Frequency
Equipment blank* EB Totals only (1 per 20 samples)
Field Blank FB Totals and dissolved/filtered (1 per 20 samples)
Field Duplicate FD Totals and dissolved/filtered (1 per site/unit per 20 samples)
Trip Blank TB VOCs and/or Dioxanes (1 per VOC cooler)
*Equipment blanks are collected for equipment that has risk of cross -contamination (e.g. pumps used from well -to -well). Equipment
blanks are not to be collected for depth -to -water indicators or disposable sample tubing unless identified as potential source of
contamination. Coordinate with the Duke PM to determine whether equipment blanks should be collected for depth -to -water
indicators or sample tubing. The type of equipment, and any other pertinent information, utilized for the equipment blank should
be noted on the COC.
EXAMPLES
New for 2019: A Suffix of the Date/Time is now required for all of the QA Sample Types, as follows:
Example equipment blanks at Dan River on July 25, 2019 at 8:00 AM: DRC_EB-20190725-0800
Example equipment blank at Dan River on July 25, 2019 at 1:15 PM: DRC_EB-20190725-1315
Example field blank at Dan River on August 1, 2019 at 5:30PM: DRC_FB-20190801-1730
Example field duplicate for DRC_MW-1S at Dan River Jan. 2, 2019 at 910AM**: DRC_FD-20190102-1
**Note: To keep the field duplicates as blind samples, only list the date. If more than one is collected on the same
date, then add a prefix of -1, -2, in consecutive order sampled.
Version 1.3. Revised by BMoeller 0812112019

SAMPLE NOMENCLATURE AND QA/QC EXAMPLE SAMPLE FREQUENCIES
(Midwest and Florida)
Well Names: SITE followed by WELL ID
SITE — this is the site being sampled. Use the site abbreviation codes:
Site
Site Abbreviation
Site
Site Abbreviation
Cayuga
CYS
Gallagher
GLS
Crystal River
CSS
Gibson
GBS
East Bend
EBS
Wabash
WRS
Edwardsport
EGS
Universal Ash Site
UAS
WELL — this is the actual well ID
Example for well MW-10S at Cayuga: CYS_MW-10S
QA Sample Names: SITE -TYPE -SAMPLER -NUMBER
TYPE — this is the type of QA sample. Use the QA type abbreviation codes:
QA Type QA Abbreviation Example Frequency
Equipment blank* EB Totals only (1 per 20 samples)
Field Blank FB Totals and dissolved/filtered (1 per 20 samples)
Field Duplicate FD Totals and dissolved/filtered (1 per site/unit per 20 samples)
Trip Blank TB VOCs and/or Dioxanes (1 per VOC cooler)
*Equipment blanks are collected for equipment that has risk of cross -contamination (e.g. pumps used from well -to -well). Equipment
blanks are not to be collected for depth -to -water indicators or disposable sample tubing unless identified as potential source of
contamination. Coordinate with the Duke PM to determine whether equipment blanks should be collected for depth -to -water
indicators or sample tubing. The type of equipment, and any other pertinent information, utilized for the equipment blank should
be noted on the COC.
EXAMPLES
New for 2019: A Suffix of the Date/Time is now required for all of the QA Sample Types, as follows:
Example CCR equipment blanks at Cayuga on July 25, 2019 at 8:00 AM: CYS_CCR-EB-20190725-0800
Example IDEM AP equipment blank at Cayuga on July 25, 2019 at 1:15 PM: CYS_AB-EB-20190725-1315
Example IDEM LF field blank at Cayuga on August 1, 2019 at 5:30PM: CYS_LF-FB-20190801-1730
Example CCR field duplicate for CYS_MW-1S at Cayuga Jan. 2, 2019 at 910AM** CYS_CCR-FD-20190102-1
Example of a "Shared" Field Blank for several programs at Cayuga on 1/1/20: CYS_SHARE-FB-20200101-0800
**Note: To keep the field duplicates as blind samples, only list the date. If more than one is collected on the same
date, then add a prefix of -1, -2, in consecutive order sampled.
Version 1.3. Revised by BMoeller 0812112019