19940901 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19940203

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r To: John Dorsey
Planning Blanch
DIVISION ()1 lE`NtRON IYIV 'AL `MANAGEMENT
C AMA itLk1S2R 1' 1iS1:_A _ PLICATION_.RF.'V EW
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W) SUPERVISOR: A.VKt S - -
DATE: Novemlwr 10, 19 4
}?.Fj-t.AN'D_ 1NT0RA1A__Ij(2; ;,,MR 'F ,erg U.
PERMIT N"R-, 94 PERNUT NO.' W967 COUNIN: Brunswick
PRC}OCT N'A11'IF: Village of Bald I''vA
PROJEC"I TYPE: Groins PURNITT TYPE: CAMA
COY #: N,A DO 11: N!A
RCD FROM l'DA: DCAT D.,411E FROM CI)-k: October 11, 1"4
REG ()PEKE: WiRO RnIlt AND SUB BA'+TN#: 030617
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._ LA S- SB S`l'REAti l til)b ? 99-(2) 199-(3)
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R'I. IMPACT: N/A WL TAT[ : N'A
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WL SCORE: N/A
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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resourc.os
,ivls!o" of Envir:)nrn,?,nta! M?r,agF n?F t
,arne$ 5, Hurt, Jr., GuverrnOr
a. Howes. Secretary
A. Pras`or Howard. Jr., P E , Direct .
y- ,
")vember
h'ir `A'allne, Martin
Village of Bald Head Island
Town Hall
P.O Box 3009
Bale: flea:i :slalid, N.C' 2"461
Dear Nu. Mcu'tin:
hj-i f' L CI't111efii1UC1 ?UTSliifrJt lit ?cc f?ntl C'f t1;C i^eC.erii
Clean Water Act.
Proposed beach re: r,o.Iri:.! nter t
Project
Bruns•N4!k County
Attache<I 11'reto ;S a CUp?' of ('r: V11L1;?:- c,f I-3-Od t-icad Island
hated 28 No-},,tuber, 1994,
It 1tit .'dTl f`: Of I,;Ttfl l' a?Slit`li,,'c,
?t lc?rely,
P e?tc)ll Howard l- P F,
wgC2945
cc: ??':Inling,ton L)i;arict Corps o f-IV ineers
C't?rr?s o 1-'n??,inrcr.? Wilr, ltigt,,):? Ufi
\viIi1nington DFM Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Mr. John Parker, 'Division of C-)astal l?ia ?a4cr.,r:a
Ce-aal Files
MAIL,
=HNR
P.O. B,--x 29535, Pc> oe ,gh, North Car-,!Ir, 3 27.,x•,-Ck:3S ?eie?,h,>ne'a 19 73? 7015 FAX [phone]
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T, IN

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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources / • •
Division of Environmental Management A
10
James B, Hunt, Governor C) E H N F1
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary A. Preston Howard, Jr., RE., Director
November 28, 1994
Mr. Wallace Martin
Village of Bald Head Island
Town Hall
P.O. Box 3009
Bald Head Island, N.C. 28461
Dear Mr. Martin:
Subject: Certification Pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal
Clean Water Act,
Proposed beach renourishment
Project # 94901, COE # 199404687
Brunswick County
Attached hereto is a copy of Certification No. 2945 issued to Village of Bald Head Island
dated 28 November, 1994.
If we can be of further assistance, do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely,
,nA-t?
eston Howard, r P.E.
Attachments
wgc2945
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Wilmington Field Office
Wilmington DEM Regional Office
Mr. John Dorney
Mr. John Parker, Division of Coastal Management
Central Files
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 1096 post-consumer paper
NORTH CAROLINA
Brunswick County
CERTIFICATION
THIS CERTIFICATION is issued in conformity with lie requirements of Section 401 Public Laws
92-500 and 95-217 of the United States and subject to the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management Regulations in 15 NCAC 2H, Section .0500 to Village of Bald Head Island in Brunswick County
pursuant to an application filed on the 23rd day of September of 1994 to renourish 14,00 feet of beach front and
install up to 16 Long and Tube and /or sandbag groins.
The Application provides adequate assurance that the discharge of fill material into the waters of
Atlantic Ocean in conjunction with the proposed development in Brunswick County will not result in a violation
of applicable Water Quality Standards and discharge guidelines. Therefore, the State of North Carolina certifies
that this activity will not violate Sections 301, 302, 303, 306, 307 of PL 92-5(X) and PL 95-217 if conducted in
accordance with the application and conditions hereinafter set forth.
Condition(s) of Certification:
That the activity be conducted in such a manner as to prevent significant
increase in turbidity outside the area of construction or construction
related discharge (50 NTUs in streams and rivers not designated as trout
waters by DEM; 25 NTUs in all saltwater classes, and all lakes and
reservoirs; 10 NTUs in trout waters).
2. That the terminal end of the dredge spoil pipeline be positioned at the greatest distance
possible from MHW to allow for maximum settlement of suspended material.
That nuisance materials such as plastic, glass and metal shall be removed from the
beach after each pumping event.
Violations of any condition herein set forth shall result in revocation of this Certification. This
Certification shall become null and void unless the above conditions are made conditions of the Federal 404
and/or Coastal Area Management Act Permit. This Certification shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or
CAMA permit.
If this Certification is unacceptable to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written
request within thirty (30) days following receipt of this Certification. This request must be in the form of a
written petition conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes and filed with the Office of
Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made, this
Certification shall be final and binding.
This the 28th day of November, 1994.
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
reston Howard, Jr.
WQC# 2945
94962. Nov
Page Two
MARINA
ARE THE FOLLOWING ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED?
SEWAGE DISPOSAL: N/A MARINA SERVICES: N/A
OXYGEN IN BASIN: N/A CLOSURE OF SHELLFISHING WATERS: N/A
(ATTACH A MARINA USE ATTAINABILITY EVAL.)
RECOMMENDED CONDITIONS OR PERMIT RESTRICTIONS:
A site visit was conducted on November 6, 1994.
The project will require a 401 Certification and that Certification should contain the following
conditions for beach renourishment and construction of the groins.
1. That the terminal end of the dredge spoil pipeline be positioned at the greatest distance
possible from MHW to allow for maximum settlement of suspended material.
2. That nuisance materials such as plastic, glass and metal shall be removed from the beach
after each pumping event.
3. That the project be done in such a manner so as to not cause turbidity outside the
immediate construction area to exceed 25 NTU.
cc: Central Files
Wilmington Regional Office Files
DCM-Ed Brooks
John Parker
OS
John Dorney
Planning Branch
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
CAMA MAJOR PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW
REGIONAL OFFICE STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REVIEWER: GREGSO
WQ SUPERVISOR: ADKINS
DATE: November 10, 1994
WETLAND INFORMATION FOR CENTRAL OFFICE TRACKING
PERMIT YR: 94 PERMIT NO.: 94%2 COUNTY: Brunswick
PROJECT NAME: Village of Bald Head
PROJECT TYPE: Groins PERMIT TYPE: CAMA
COE #: N/A DOT#: N/A
RCD FROM CDA: DCM DATE FROM CDA: October 11,
REG OFFICE: WiRO RIVER AND SUB BASIN#: 030617
*STREAM OR ADJACENT WATER BODY: Atlantic Ocean
CLASS: SB STREAM INDEX #: 99-(2) / 99-(3)
*OPEN OR CLOSED:
WL IMPACT: N/A WL TYPE: N/A
WL REQUESTED: N/A WL ACR EST: N/A
WL SCORE: N/A
1994 'PFCF/
0+4f >
00
MITIGATION: N/A MITIGATION TYPE: N/A
MITIGATION SIZE: N/A RATING SHEET ATTACHED?: N/A
RECOMMENDATION: ISSUE
STORMWATER PLAN REQ'D: No
IF YES, DATE APPROVED:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The applicants propose to renourish approximately
beach front and install 14 to 16 Longard Tube and/or sandbag groins.
WATER QUALITY CERT. (401)
CERT. REQ'D: Yes
IF YES, TYPE: Individual
14,000 linear feet of
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
TYPE OF DISPOSAL PROPOSED: N/A
TO BE PERMITTED BY: N/A
IF BY DEM, IS SITE AVAILABLE AND PERMIT ISSUANCE PROBABLE: N/A
WATER/WETLAND FILL
AREA OF FILL - WATER: 3,360,000 sq. ft. WETLAND: N/A
IS FILL ELIMINATING A SIGNIFICANT USE? N/A
DREDGING
IS DREDGING ACTIVITY EXPECTED TO CAUSE A SIGNIFICANT LOSS
OF RESOURCE? No
IS SPOIL DISPOSAL ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED? Yes

DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT RECEIVED
FIELD INVESTIGATION REPORT
OCT 19 1994
1. APPLICANT'S NAME: Village of Bald Head Island
Beach renourishment/groin project
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
2. LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE: West and south beach, Bald Head Island, adjacent to the Atlantic
Ocean and Cape Fear River, Brunswick County.
Photo Index - 1989: 189-4,5,6 1984: no coverage
State Plane Coordinates - X: 2314000 Y: 40000
3. INVESTIGATION TYPE: CAMA/D&F
4. INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE: Dates of Site Visit - 8/31/94 9/15/94 9/26/94
Was Applicant Present - yes
5. PROCESSING PROCEDURE: Application Received - 10/3/94
Office - Wilmington
6. SITE DESCRIPTION:
(A) Local Land Use Plan - Brunswick Co.
Land Classification From LUP - Conservation
(B) AEC(s) Involved: EW, PT, OH
(C) Water Dependent: yes
(D) Intended Use: Local Government
(E) Wastewater Treatment: Existing - N/A
Planned - N/A
(F) Type of Structures: Existing - Sandbags along South Bald Head Wynd
(90 ft. X 15 ft.)
Planned - 14-16 sand filled Longard tube groins
(G) Estimated Annual Rate of Erosion: 6 ft. - 40 ft. per year
Source - LTAAER and applicant submitted survey data
7. HABITAT DESCRIPTION: [AREA]
DREDGED FILLED OTHER
(A) Vegetated Wetlands
(B) Non-Vegetated Wetlands 1040.000 s. f. 3360.000 s.f.
open water/intertidal beach
(C) Other
Upper beach 840,000 s.f.
(D) Total Area Disturbed: Approx. 96 acres
(E) Primary Nursery Area: No
(F) Water Classification: Atlantic Ocean-SB
Cape Fear River-SA-OPEN
8. PROJECT SUMMARY: The applicants propose beach renourishment on approximately 14,000 L.F.
of oceanfront shoreline at south and west beach on Bald Head Island. The project also proposes 14 -
16 sandbag groins to be installed in conjunction with the beach renourishment project.
Village of Bald Head Island
Page 2
9. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Bald Head Island is a part of a larger island group known as Smith Island Complex which is located at the
confluence of the Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean, between Carolina Beach/Fort Fisher and Oak Island,
in the Brunswick County, North Carolina. It is accessed by private ferry service from Southport, NC. Bald
Head Island is the southern-most, and largest of the Smith Island chain. It's eastern and south facing beaches
are adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. the intersection of east and south beaches create Cape Point, from which
Frying Pan Shoals extend some 22 miles into the Atlantic. The island's west beach is adjacent to the Cape Fear
River Inlet and its northern side is bordered by Bald Head Creek and associated salt marshes. Bald Head Island
is approximately three and one-half miles long and one-half to one-mile wide. The island contains the largest
remaining stand of climax maritime forest in southeastern North Carolina, and features 1,000 year old live oaks
and Cabbage Palmetto Palm trees (Smith Island Complex is the northern limit of its range). The State of North
Carolina has purchased approximately 175 acres of maritime forest, which will be preserved and managed
through the Coastal Reserve Program. Development of the western half of Bald Head Island (Stage I) is
approximately 30-40 % built-out, and includes a marina, restaurant, golf course/club house, and associated
multi- and single-family residential development. The majority of the eastern half of the island (Stage H) is,
for the most part, undeveloped, but has been conceptually plated and permitted in the original master plan for
future development.
The project area consists of South Beach and a small section of West Beach. In recent years, the South Beach,
and to a lesser degree West Beach, of Bald Head Island have experienced accelerated erosion. Bald Head Inn,
which was originally constructed on the oceanfront on the western end of South Beach, became threatened and
was relocated in the early 1980's. After again becoming threatened by erosion, the Inn was torn down in 1990.
This western end of South Beach has eroded over 400 feet since 1984. Numerous private residential structures
have been relocated from South Beach, and there are currently nine homes which qualify as being imminently
threatened by erosion. The designated Long-term Average Annual Erosion Rates for South Beach range
between 11 feet/year on the eastern end of South Beach, 7 to 3 feet/year through the middle section of the
beach, to 6 feet/year on the western end of South Beach. Actual erosion rates recorded on surveyed transect
lines since 1991, indicate shoreline regression from 4 feet/year up to 30 feet/year on the western end of South
Beach. The Village initiated the shoreline survey in November 1991, just prior to a beach renourishment project
which placed 320,000 cubic yards of sand along 12,000 lineal feet of South Beach in December of that same
year. The project was authorized under State CAMA Permit 152-87, and federal Section 933 of PL99-662 by
the Wilmington District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to include a cost sharing arrangement with the Village
of Bald Head Island. The most recent survey completed in April 1994, indicates that the shoreline profile
approximates the pre-nourishment location. In contrast, both points, or capes, formed by the intersections
between South and West beaches and South and East beaches, have expanded in length and width, with
accretion dimensions in excess of 400 feet in the same time period, between 1984 and 1992.
The waters adjacent to the project area are classified by the N.C. Division of Environmental Management as
follows:
1. Atlantic Ocean - SB
2. Cape Fear River - SA-OPEN to shellfish harvest
The Village of Bald Head Island is proposing to modify and reinstate their previous authorization for beach
renourishment of South Beach, in conjunction with the construction of a groin field to retard the loss of
renourishment material to shoreline erosion.
Village of Bald Head
Page 3
The original authorization for beach renourishment (State Permit 152-87) designated approximately 12,000 LF
of South Beach for nourishment. The applicants are proposing the addition of approximately 2,000 LF of West
Beach, north of the point, to be included in the nourishment area. The proposed borrow area would be the
western side of the Smith Island Channel Reach, 4,000 feet long and 260 feet wide, conforming to the
dimensions of the 1991 U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's Section 933 Beach Fill Project for Bald Head Island.
The federal channel depth is authorized to -42 feet. Within the proposed borrow area, excavation depth would
average 8 feet, but, may be as much as 20 feet against the face of Jay Bird Shoals on the western edge of the
channel prism. It is estimated that approximately 380,000 cubic yards of beach suitable, medium to fine sand,
could currently be obtained from the barrow area. The excavation would be accomplished by hydraulic pipeline
dredge. Placement of fill would be assisted by bulldozers on the beach. An anticipated berm, 40 to 80 feet
wide, with a top elevation of approximately +6 feet NVGD, would be placed on the high beach, tapering on
a variable slope from -6 to -8 MLW once tidal equilibrium is reached. The Village of Bald Head Island is
requesting authorization to perform this beach renourishment in conjunction with USCOE routine channel
maintenance, as well as, perform their own periodic beach renourishment, to preserve the beach and protect
public and private property, when the timing of the federal project does not coincide with shoreline erosion
losses.
The applicants are also requesting the construction of a groin field on the western end of South Beach to help
retain sand placed on the beach by the renourishment process. The groin field would consist of 14 to 16 groins,
approximately 230 to 300 feet long, extending from highground seaward to -5 feet MLW. The exact length and
spacing of the groins would be dependent upon existing beach profiles and erosion conditions at the time of
construction, but would be located on the western half of the South Beach renourishment area. The proposed
groins would be constructed of Longard Tubes (specifications-sketch 2 and page 4 of application narrative).
The seaward end of the 70 inch diameter groin tubes would be undercut to allow the groin toe to become
embedded in the offshore bottom. A single piling, with a sign warning of the submerged structure, would be
installed at the terminal end of the groin. The landward end of the groins would be anchored by extending them
18-20 feet into the existing erosion escarpment and/or "pushed" dune of the upper beach. The Longard Tubes
are installed over a filter cloth underlayment, which is fabricated with two 10 inch diameter anchor tubes to
avoid undermining of the installed groin. The upper beach portions of the groins would initially be completely
covered with sand by post-construction beach renourishment. The design of the groin field will incorporate
shorter groins at both ends in an effort to provide a transition to adjacent beaches. The applicants have included
an alternative method of groin construction using large sandbags (6 ft. long X 3 ft. diameter). The sandbag
groins would be more than twice as wide (12 ft.) as the Longard Tube groin. They would be constructed by
stacking and overlapping, three layers of sandbags in a pyramid arrangement (See sketch 3). Sandbag groins
would also be installed over filter cloth underlayment.
10. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS
The project would result in the periodic excavation of 1,040,000 square feet of previously dredged deep water
bottom within the Smith Island Reach Channel federal navigation project. The projected 358,000 cubic yards
of dredged sand sediments would be placed over 96 acres of upper beach (approx. 840,000 sq.ft.), intertidal
area (approx. 51.42 acres), and near-shore shallow bottom (approx. 25.71 acres), along 14,000 LF of
shoreline. The dredging and beach renourishment activities would create some short-term turbidity, and threaten
active turtle nests. However, if the project is timed to avoid periods of peak biological activity and outside of
sea turtle nesting season, no longterm adverse impacts are anticipated. Channel
Village of Bald Head
Page 4
excavation would promote and enhance navigation in the Cape Fear River shipping channel, and potential
privately funded project activity, between intervals of regularly scheduled USACOE work, may decrease federal
costs of longterm channel maintenance.
When the beach profile is in an eroded state, subsequent to beach renourishment, the proposed groin field would
present an obstruction to the use of the beach, pedestrian, as well as emergency response. The terminal pilings
and submerged potions of the groins would pose potential hazards to navigation, swimmers, and recreational
and commercial fishermen. Groins function as sand trapping devises. As a general rule, sediments are trapped
on the updrift side of the structure and eroded on the downdrift side, there by depriving downdrift areas sand
that would naturally be deposited there. The applicant's consultants contend that the dredged shipping channel
creates a sand sink, and already prevents sediment transport to inlet shoals and downdrift beaches.
Submitted by: E.F. Brooks Date: 10/7/94 Office: Wilmington
REVISED 29 SEPTEMBER 1994
Please type or print. Carefully describe all anticipated
development activities, including construction, excava-
0 you plan to build a marina, also complete and
tion, filling, paving, land clearin, and stormwater con-
trol. If the requested information is not relevant to your _ Form DCNi- -2.
project, write N/A (not applicable). Its s?rtd'', proposed activity maintenance of an
must be completed for all projects. b. Is Ith,eiproPo e'zi g project, new work, or both? BOTH; BEACH
1994 :1Q I SHMENT IS MAINTENANCE OF PREVIOUSLY AUTHOR I ZED
I PROJECT. GROIN FIELD IS NEW WORK.
7 APPLICANT I Will the project be for community, private, or
DIVISIC? O? 199 ercialuse?
a. Name VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND COAST A, - ? AG EN N I TY
Address TOWN HALL (P. 0. BOX 3009)
City BALD HEAD ISLAND State N..C
Zip 28461 . Day phone
Landowner or _
910/457-9700
X* Authorized agent
b. Project name (if any) SOUTH BEACH - BEACH FILL
AND SEDIMENT RETENTION PROJECT
c. If the applicant is not the landowner, also give the
owner's name and address.
*WALLACE MARTIN TOWN MANAGER
VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
P. 0. BOX 3009
BALD HEAD ISLAND, NC 28461
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
a. Street address or secondary road number
N/A
b. City, town, community, or landmark
VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
c. County BRUNSWICK
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
jurisdiction? YES
e. Name of body of water nearest project
ATIANTIC OCEAN & CAPE FEAR RIVER INLET
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
d. Describe the planned use of the project.
GROIN FIELD IS INTENDED TO RETARD EROSION AND
BETTER RETAIN BEACH RENOURISHMENT FILL MATERIALS
IMPLACED BY FOLLOW-ON CORPS OF ENGINEERS
SECTION 933 PROJECT, OR AN INDEPENDENT NOURISHMENT
PROJECT BY BALD HEAD ISLAND VILLAGE.
4 LAND AND WATER
CHARACTERISTICS
a. Size of entire tract :?12 000 FEET OF BEACH AREA
N/A
b. Size of individual lot(s)
c. Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
VARIES; 0 TO +6' NGVD
d. Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract
MEDIUM TO FINE GRAIN SAND SEDIMENTS
e. Vegetation on tract NONE ON BEACH PROPER; REMNANT
BEACH VEGETATION ON-HIGH GROUND
f. Man-made features now on tract NONE
g. What is the CAMA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
Conservation Transitional
X Developed _ Community
Rural Other
h. How is the tract zoned by local govemment?
N/A; PUBLIC BEACH AREA
i. How are adjacent waters classified?
SB
a. Describe all development activities you propose (For j, Has a professional archaeological I?? by whom?
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead, carried out for the tract?
or pier). PUBLIC BEACH IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
INCORPORATING BEACH NOURISHMENT AND 14 TO 16
LONGARD TUBE GROINS FOR RETENTION OF BEACH FILL
REVISED 29 SEPTEMBER 1994,
5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT- N/A .... .
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development.
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
structures proposed
b. Number of lots or parcels
c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.)
m. Water si1pply source
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
ALL EXISTING PUBLIC BEACH ACCESSWAYS WILL BE
MAINTAINED
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed o. If the roject is on the oceanfront, what will be the
above mean sea level of the first habitable
e. If the proposed project will disturb mo I )an one fl°° •, /A
acre of land, the Division of Land Reso must
receive an erosion and sedimentation '1 pig' 0 3 1994
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion DiVisiO& XCAVATION AND, FILL
control plan been submitted to the Divig}q?gLarld MANA(MATION
Resources? ll l1 I HL.
f. Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of a. Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation
mean ugh water to be covered by impermeable or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in
surfaces, such as pavement, buildings, rooftops. Section 7).
Length Width Depth
g. List tie materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be used for paved surfaces.
h. If applicable, has a stormwatermanagement.plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management?
i. Describe proposed sewage disposal and/or waste
water treatment facilities.
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval?
k. Describe existing treatment facilities.
1. Describe location and type of discharges to waters of
the state (forexample, surface runoff, sanitary
wastewater, indusuial/commercial effluent, "wash
down").
BORROW AREAS
SMITH ISLAND REACH
(CFR) AND ADJACENT
EDGE OF JAY BIRD
SHOALS
Other: LONGARD TUBE
GROINS (14 TO 16 EACH)
BEACH NOURISHMENT ,.
Fill placed in
wetland or below
MHW
W
Upland fill
areas (SEE SKETCH 4.1)
TO COVER LONCARD-TUBE,-tANDWAR-D-AWHOR-SECT tON - - -
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
water level in cubic yards APPROXIMATELY 358,000 CY
c. Type of material MEDIUM TO FINE SAND
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
swamps, or other wetlands?
N/A
e. High ground excavation, in cubic yards
APPROXIMATELY 250 CY (TOTAL) TO ACCOMMODATE UPLAND
"ANCHOR" END OF LONCARD TUBE GROINS
4,000' 260' 8(avg.)
*SEE PACE II
2 TEXT DES IPTION
CR
230' TO 70" EXTENDED
300' (DIAMETER) TO -5'
ML'A
±12 ; 000' „ 0.!.> ;BERM S OP I NG
SEAWARD TO APPROX. -
M
EE SKETCH
18' TO 20' 6' 4'
1
f. Dimensions of spoil disposal area
APPROXIMATELY 12,000 FT. OF BEACHFRONT ON SOUTH
BEACH; 1,800 FEET ON WEST BEACH
g. Location of spoil disposal area SEE (F) ABOVE
h. Do you claim title to the disposal area? NO
If not, attach a letter granting permission from the
owner.
i. Will a disposal area be available for future
maintenance? YES
If so, where?
j. Does the disposal area include any marshland,
swamps, or water areas?
NO
k. Will the fill material be placed below mean high
water? SAND CONTAINED IN LONGARD TUBES AND
APPROXIMATELY 120,000 CY OF BEACH FILL
1. Amount of fill in cubic yards 358 , 000 CY
in. Type of fill material MEDIUM TO FINE SAND
n. Source of fill material DRY SAND BEACH TO F ILL TUBES;
CFR CHANNEL & JAY BIRD SHOAL FOR BEACH FILL
o. Will fill material be placed on marsh or other
wetlands? NO
p. Dimensions of the wetland to be filled
N/A
q. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled?
MATERIALS WILL BE CONTAINED WITHIN LONGARD TUBES
AND/OR LOW DIKES FOR BEACH FILL MATERIALS
r. What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)? SAND HOPPER AND JET PUMP FOR TUBES;
HYDRAULIC PIPELINE DREDGE AND BULLDOZER FOR
BEACH FILL
s. Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment
to project site? No If yes, explain steps that will
be taken to lessen environmental impacts. _ ._ _.
7 SHORELINE STABILIZATION
a. Length of bulkhead or riprap VAR I ES; 230' To 300'
b. Average distance waterward of mean high water or
normal water level TUBES: -5' MLW
BEACH FILL: EST. -5 TO -8' I`ILW
REVISED 29 SEPTEMBER 1994
c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
feet 6 TO 40 FEET
d. Type of bulkhead material N/A
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yards EST I MATED TO FLOW
BELOW MEAN HIGH WATER APPROXIMATELY 90,000 CY
f. Type of fill material MEDIUM TO FINE SAND
8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
In addition to the completed application form, the follow-
ing items must be submitted:
A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
the owner of said property ; then forward a copy of the
deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
the project.
An accurate work plat (including plan view and cross
sectional drawings) drawn to scale in black ink on an 8
1/2 x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
Commission Rule 7J.0203-for a detailed description.)
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue-line
prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 16 high
quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the - -
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
the like.
A stormwater management plan, if-applicable, that
may have been developed in consultation with the
Division of Environmental Management-
A list of the names and complete addresses of the ad-
jacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These in-
dividuals have 30 days in which to submit comments on
the proposed cto i sioii Manage-
ment and sho advised by the appili f that op-
por[unity. t1T
OCT 0 3 1994 DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
I
REVISED 29 SEPTEMBER 1994

Name
Address
Name
Address
Name
Address
NOTIFICATION OF PROPOSED PROJECT DETAILS IS
BEING FURNISHED TO ALL PROPERTY OWNERS
THROUGH THE BALD HEAD ISLAND HOMEOWNERS
ASSOCIATION NEWSLETTER
A list of previous state or federal permits issued for
work on the project tract. Include permit numbers,
permittee, and issuing dates.
N.C. DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & NATURAL RESOURCES
P RMIT NO. 152-87 DATED 7/30/87
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT SAWC080-N-000-029
(GENERAL PERMIT)(11/8/90)
A check for $100 made payable to the Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development to
cover the costs of processing the application.
A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront
and inlet areas.
A statement on the use of public funds. If the project
involves the expenditure of public funds, attach a state-
ment documenting compliance with the North Carolina
Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S. 113A-1 to 10).
9 CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION
TO ENTER ON LAND
Any permit issued in response to this application will
allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to conditions and restrictions
contained in the permit.
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North Carolina's ap-
proved Coastal Management Program and will be con-
ducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I further certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in
fact, grant permission to representatives of state and
federal review agencies to enter on the aforementioned
lands in connection with evaluating information related
to this permit application and follow-up monitoring of
project
This is the.?fZday - ? , 19/

2 ?
L-6nd6wner or Authorized "agent
WALLACE MARTIN, TOWN MANAGER
(AUTHORIZED AGENT)
OCT J 3 1994
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROPOSED EXPERIMENTAL GROIN FIELD PROJECT
Bald Head Island, North Carolina
SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM
Over time, Bald Head Island has a long history of erosion and accretion
of the island's shores in response to fluctuations and/or changes in wind and
wave forces, and the nearshore bathymetry of the island. These parameters,
partially coupled with the tidal flows and currents associated with Frying Pan
Shoals on the east end and the Cape Fear River Inlet on the west end of the
island, have resulted in relatively long-term changes of considerable mag-
nitude insofar as beach erosion problems are concerned. The most serious ero-
sion has occurred at South Beach's west end and erosion rates of up to 40 feet
per year have been recorded in this general area. In recent years several
detailed shoreline and inlet history studies have been prepared concluding
that much of this eroded beach sand is lost into the Cape Fear River Inlet
navigational channel and that none of this material naturally crosses or
bypasses the inlet gorge.
RECENT CONVENTIONAL BEACH RENOURISHMENT PROJECT
The erosion problem area at South Beach benefited from a beach renourish-
ment project in 1991. Approximately 320,000 cubic yards of material were
placed along an 8,000-foot segment at the western end of South Beach where the
major erosion problem had occurred. The work was done under the authority of
Section 933 of PL99-662 by the Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of En-
gineers under a cost sharing arrangement with Bald Head Island Village. It is
considered essential that some sort of conventional beach renourishment effort
be continued to afford protection of upland properties, the island's in-
frastructure, and recreational beach area if the Bald Head Island Village com-
munity is to continue to thrive.
However, based on detailed studies, it has been further concluded that
some additional means must be found to also retard the erosion process to
retain the renourishment fill materials on the beach for a longer period of
time. If this is accomplished, the project's economic viability will be
enhanced and greater protection will be provided for island properties, vital
island infrastructure (roads, utilities, etc.), and recreational beach area.
ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS
Numerous-options were considered to remedy or improve this situation.
It was concluded that the only reasonable alternative is to construct a groin
field on South Beach to complement the next beach renourishment project. It
is emphasized that it is essential for the Village to have the capability for
implementing a beach nourishment project with or without the support of a
Corps of Engineers Section 933 project and/or with or without construction of
a groin field.
-
-?
OCT 0 3 1994
DIVISION OF
CnASTAL MANAGEMENT
BEACH NOURISHMENT
The continuing erosion problem on South Beach (and a small portion of
West Beach) emphasizes the necessary for a capability to replace sediments
lost to erosion on critically eroded areas. Prior studies done by the Corps
of Engineers (and others) have found that sufficient quantities of beach-
suitable sediments can be obtained from the Cape Fear River Navigation Channel
and portions of the adjacent Jay Bird Shoal which protrude into the channel.
The timing of routine channel maintenance dredging by the Corps is not always
such that the Bald Head Island beaches can wait until the routine Federal
project can be authorized, funded, and executed. Bald Head Island Village
authorities intend to continue working with the Corps to take every oppor-
tunity to use suitable materials excavated during routine Corps maintenance
dredging projects; however, it is considered essential that the Village have
the authority to perform its own beach nourishment project using its own
resources when absolutely essential to preserve its beach and protect public
property.
To satisfy this need it is proposed that the necessary permits be issued
to Bald Head Island Village to authorize periodic excavation of sediments from
the Jay Bird Shoals area that continually protrude into the navigation channel
and adjacent portions of the Smith Island Channel reach that accumulate sedi-
ments rapidly as a result of the migration of shoal materials that accumulate
in the channel. It is estimated that about 480,000 cubic yards of material
would be required to restore the approximate 12,000 feet of beachfront area
that is ultimately projected for repair (nourishment). (It is not anticipated
that the entire beach would be restored in a single project, but authority is
being requested to "work" the entire area as material becomes available.) The
beach areas proposed for nourishment are shown on Sketch 5. The proposed bor-
row area is shown on Sketch 6. The location and dimensions of the proposed
borrow area are the same as those employed in the Corps' 1991 beach fill
project for Bald Head Island. A 50-foot "widener" strip was added to the west
edge of the navigation prism by the Corps in an attempt to reduce the rate of
shoaling in the river channel. Our proposal also includes this 50-foot
widener strip. All dredging will be done at or near the authorized channel
depth of -40 to -42 feet mean low water (MLW). It is estimated that the
average dredge cut depth in the area to be dredged will be about 8 feet. The
maximum cut depth against the eastern face of Jay Bird Shoals (immediately ad-
jacent to the west prism (edge) of the navigation channel could reach as much
as 20 feet (according to recent hydrographic surveys). It is estimated that
about 358,000 cubic yards of beach suitable medium to fine sand can be dredged
from this designated area when the Corps hydrographic surveys indicate the
need for dredging.
Excavation and beach fill placement will be by hydraulic pipeline dredge
assisted by a bulldozer on beach areas. All work will be carefully coor-
dinated with and done as directed by the Corps of Engineers. The dredge
pipeline will be submerged (subaqueous) from the borrow area to the upper
beach on Bald Head Island. Discharge of fill materials will be on the upper
beach with sediment outflow controlled by low dikes pushed Up adjacent to the
water line. It is anticipated that a 40 to 80-foot wide berm will be placed
on the "high beach" with a top elevation of approximately +6 feet NVGD with
the fill tapering on a variable slope from -6 to D gtt,,-MLW,ash of
tidal actions (also see Sketch 5). '_,.??????? \ ?a
I?
2 OCT 0 3 1994 -?
DIVISI N OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
GROIN FIELD
As previously mentioned, an analysis of all options available led to the
conclusion that a groin field should be installed to help retain fill sedi-
ments placed on the beach in the nourishment process. Both the Corps and Ol-
sen Associates'* recent engineering studies and reports recommended construc-
tion of a groin to retain fill materials on the beach. It is essential that
once constructed, the groin field cells be filled with sediments to function
properly.
i
Rationalization for the Proposed Groin Field Concept
It is recognized that the current N.C. Coastal Resource Commission (CRC)
regulations include identification of jetties and groins in their group of
"hard" structures, which are prohibited. While "hard" structures by them-
selves-are not favored by coastal engineers except in extreme circumstances,
their use in conjunction with beach nourishment projects can significantly ex-
tend the restored beach's life with no adverse impact on adjacent shorelines
when properly employed in appropriate locations.
The regulations go on to state that "alternative approaches will be al-
lowed where the applicant can show that such measures are necessary to provide
adequate protection" and will not cause significant adverse impacts. The
regulations also suggest that employment of innovative and imaginative tech-
niques or systems in approaches to resolve difficult coastal problems (while
minimizing the adverse impacts on the public beach and nearby properties)
should be encouraged. In this instance, "hard structures" (conventional stone
rubble, timber, or steel sheet pile groins) are not being recommended. The
groin structures proposed for this project will be constructed using "Longard
Tubes" and/or composite large sandbag systems. Both items are fabricated or
constructed from high-strength geotechnical permeable fabrics (filter fabrics)
which are flexible and relatively easy to emplace. It is felt that installa-
tion of groins constructed from these "soft" materials would, in a sense,
comply with the spirit of the CRC regulations. This rationale is based on:
The project can be termed innovative and experimental in nature in that
it is intended to demonstrate a significant reduction to the serious ero-
sion problem at Bald Head Island's South Beach without serious impacts
on adjacent beaches or estuarine systems.
U -
OCT G 3 199' J
DIVISiON OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
*U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1990, Wilmington Harbor - Bald Head Island
Evaluation Report (Sect. 933, PC 99-662)
*Olsen Associates, Inc., 1989, Feasibility Study of Beach Restoration at Bald
Head Is land, N. C.
3
The overall public interest will be served by greatly improved retention
of renourishment beach fill sediments on the beach, thereby reducing the
loss of these materials into the adjacent Cape Fear River Federal naviga-
tion channel; dredging frequency requirements and their related costs to
the public should be reduced; Village infrastructure (roads and
utilities) will be afforded greater protection; protection of upland
properties will be enhanced, thereby preserving Village (and County) ad-
valorem tax base; a wider public beach area will be provided over a
longer period of time.
The structures can be described as "temporary" in that they can be
quickly, easily, and economically removed if it is determined for some
reason that they must be removed.
In order to meet the criteria outlined above, it has been determined
that the groins should be constructed using Longard Tubes with the two
shorter, easternmost groins constructed of large sandbags.
System Dimensions and Configurations
Longard Tubes
The Longard Tubes selected for the project are fabricated in
cylindrical dimensions of 70 inches and are supplied in the specified
length desired. The Longard Tubes are made up of two_tubes. The outer
tube is constructed of high density polyethylene and polypropylene with
additives for strength, flexibility, and ultraviolet ray resistance. It
is open-weaved (20 threads per 5 cm) to allow water to pass through, but
to filter or prevent passage of sand particles. The inner tube is a
black tubular film of low-density polyethylene about 20 mils thick. A
filter cloth underlayment is employed when the systems are installed as
breakwaters, groins, etc. These filter cloth underlayments are fabri-
cated with two 10-inch diameter anchor tubes which are designed to avoid
undermining of the installed system. A sketch of a single tube con-
figuration installation is shown on Sketch 2.
When installed on the naturally sloping beach face, the seaward
end of the tube groin is normally eroded or "undercut" to a degree that the groin toe is undermined slightly, causing it to be become embedded
in the offshore sediments, thereby increasing its stability and resis-
tance to displacement. The fully filled 70-inch Longard Tube has an ap-
proximate weight of about 2900 pounds per linear foot. Normally the
fully loaded (filled) tube, 230 to 300 feet long (weight approximately
350 tons), has sufficient bulk to resist displacement or movement once
it has completely settled into place. It is estimated that about 250
cubic yards of sand will be required to fill each tube. Dry sand on the
upper beach or saturated sand from the surf zone will be used for this
purpose.
Oversized Sandbag Structures
Oversized sandbags are also available using the same general type
of filter fabric described above for the Longard Tubes. Sandbag groins
may be employed when significant wave heights are below 5 feet; however,
sandbag constructed groins may not possess as high re$b -?; ab%' t
_ P T
t:
4
OCT 0 3 1994
nivignN nF
as a single tube groin. Sandbag groins are constructed by stacking the
individual bags in a staggered pattern (see Sketch 3). The structure's
(completed groin) integrity depends on the individual bags remaining in
place and intact. Therefore, a minimum size bag of 3-foot diameter by 6
feet long will be used, laying to a height-to-width ratio of at least
1:2 and a minimum dry weight of 5,000 pounds. Once again, the sandbag
groin system must be underlain by a filter fabric bedding material.
Proposed Groin Field Layout
The proposed groin field would be comprised of fourteen (14) to sixteen
(16) groins approximately 230 to 300 feet long extending from the landward
anchor section seaward to a depth of -5 feet mean low water (MLW). The
seaward end of each groin will be protected by a single pile with a sign
mounted thereon warning of the "Submerged Structure" end of the groin. The
seaward end of the groin will also be located to allow a small amount of sand
"bypassing" around and over the ends of each of the groins to maintain normal
littoral drift of sediments sufficient to maintain stability within the groin
cells and downdrift beach areas. Proper functioning of the 'groin field will
also significantly reduce eroded sediment loss into the Cape Fear River naviga-
tion channel. Sketch 1 shows the proposed layout for the groin field. Sketch
4 shows in-place groins after construction and follow-on renourishment of the
beach. (Note: The final number, length, and groin spacing will be dependent
upon existing beach profiles and erosion conditions at the time of final
design.)
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Potential Effects of Beach Nourishment Operations
The proposed beach nourishment at Bald Head Island is a dredge-and-fill
project whereby material would be excavated from the navigation channel or Jay
Bird Shoal immediately adjacent to the Cape Fear River entrance channel and
spoiled to the beach. Potential environmental impacts on biological com-
munities include: (1) the impact of dredging to the offshore benthic com-
munities, (2) the impact of filling to the nearshore benthic communities, and
(3)-the impact of turbidity to all communities and -water- quality surrounding
the project area. Potential impacts to organisms occur during the actual
dredging or filling process (i.e., organisms entrained during dredging or
smothered during filling) and from increased project-related turbidity. Tur-
bidity in the water column can foul the breathing organs of organisms, in-
crease biological oxygen demand (thereby reducing dissolved oxygen), reduce
visibility, and reduce light transmittance in the water column.
Studies of the impact of dredging and filling during beach nourishment
on benthic communities suggest that the recovery of benthic communities coin-
cides with the development of the physical and chemical conditions present in
the area prior to the nourishment project. Compatibility of the borrow
material with the sand on the beach is important for recovery of the nearshore
communities. Preliminary analysis indicates that the proposed fill material
for this project is compatible with the native beach sand. Studies of the im-
pact of turbidity from beach nourishment projects have generally focused on\
hard-bottom communities, which are not of consequence ard'.FeadT,T Banc:
5 ?v OCT 03 1994
DIVISI 'N OF
.......T.. ... aI . ?,e-.Arni-r
Groin Construction
Construction of the individual groins in the manner described is ex-
pected to have little or no impact on the areas immediately adjacent to them.
The seaward toe of each groin will cover a minimal area in the nearshore tidal
zone. The same is true from the approximate mean high water line on up the
beach slope to the landward toe which will extend 18 to 20 feet landward of
the low scarp and/or small "pushed up" dune section on the upper beach. Most
of the tube groin in this area will be buried near or below the existing
ground area. It is planned that a low dune will be pushed up over this
landward anchoring section of the tube groin to protect it and to restore the
relatively small breach excavated through the upper beach to install the tube.
This reworked high ground area will be vegetated with a suitable dune vegeta-
tion cover. The remaining upper beach portion of the groin tubes will be com-
pletely covered when the beach fill is implaced (see Sketch 4). As the beach
fill material gradually erodes, a portion of the tube groin in the tidal zone
will be uncovered by erosion processes, thus allowing passage of some of the
beach fill materials over the top of and around the end of this uncovered tube
groin section. This will allow sufficient bypassing of materials to afford
relative stability to the renourished beach and the downdrift beach areas
beyond the groin field. The lengths of at least two groins at both the east
and west ends of the project will be shortened to complement the beach fill
transition sections in those locations. The'small amount of sand used (about
200 cubic yards) for construction of each groin tube will very quickly be re-
placed by normal sediment transport and/or the anticipated follow-on beach
renourishment project.
As previously mentioned, it is anticipated that there will be a sig-
nificant reduction in the rate and volume of sediments lost through normal
erosional process to the Cape Fear River navigation channel adjacent to the
proposed project area. This should, in turn, favorably impact the overall
public interest by a corresponding reduction in the rate and cost of channel
maintenance dredging.
Threatened and Endangered Species
The advent of constructing the groins should not impact any threatened
or endangered species except sea turtles during their nesting season. .The
nesting season normally extends from May through the end of August. The hatch-
ing period may extend several weeks beyond that time; however, the advent of
cooler weather quickly retards that process. Any construction equipment
employed on the beach during this period could seriously threaten or endanger
this process. Therefore, construction of the groin field will be limited to
periods other than during the nesting season.
The Bald Head Nature Conservancy sponsors an extensive sea turtle
monitoring program to protect the nests of Logger Head and Green Sea Turtles.
This program has been in effect for a number of years and is reputedly one of
the best of its nature in the entire Southeast. The Conservancy reports that
the number of nestings varies between years, but it has been conclusively
shown that fewer nestings were experienced overall in the seriously eroding
area that is designated for the groin field. Recent personal communications
(July 1994) with Conservancy personnel revealed tha .,to? y? is
had been counted for this year. Twelve had been 1 nd =35 rotkie?s #? en
relocated. The hatch rate in all of the nests will be known until t J nd
6 OCT 0 3 1994 U
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
of the nesting season. It was pointed out, however, that very few nests had
been spotted in the west end of the South Beach area where the most serious
erosion is occurring. It was noted that all along this reach wave runup
during high tide was impinging directly on the upper beach (would normally be
the toe of beach foredunes if they existed), resulting in a barrier or
obstacle to the turtles reaching a dry beach area where they would normally
deposit their eggs. It was speculated that any nests placed in this area had
also been threatened or washed out by the wave runup erosion effects.
It is felt that this serious condition would be improved significantly
by stabilizing an upper beach area that would result in improved beach condi-
tions that would support normal nesting processes. It was observed that nest-
ing results improved considerably after the 1991 renourishment project. As
sediments were eroded away, these improved conditions deteriorated rapidly.
The Conservancy agreed that a properly constructed groin field that helps to
maintain beach areas suitable for turtle nesting was "better than no beach at
all" and that the construction of the groins could be supported.
In summary, it may be concluded that enhancement of the beach foreshore
area (affected by beach nourishment operations and/or construction of a groin
field) will have a salutary effect on sea turtle nestings with little or no
adverse impacts on other species in nearshore and upper beach areas.
OCT 0 3 i-994
DIVISION OF
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
7
wq ?c
EXISTING CONTOURS CR - - - -
-12 - ----- ---- 6,7 - ---
"7;-
• ? 2703E
?//I LIMITS OF NORMAL
BREAKER ZONE
7-0
-------
p
-? -
HWL
PP P
IJ l ? 11 _
V I
TYPICAL GROIN FIELD PLAN VIEW
OCT G 3 19<

DIVISICI N OF
COASTAL MAN-AGEMENT
7011 DIAMETER TUBE GROIN
UPORIFT BEACH PROFILE
DOWNDRIFT BEACH PROFILE
HWL
LWL
- ? B
PROFILE
_ FILTER CLOTH
10" DIAMETER ANCHOR TUBE-1
CENTURY/von Oesen
CONSULTING ENGINEERS k PLANNERS
aW NORTH THIRD STREET, WLAAINCTDN. HC 2a4()2
PHONE (910) , 783-0141 FA]C (9-0) 753-4166
BALD HEAD ISLAND VILLAGE
BALD HEAD ISLAND, NC 28461
SOUTH BEACH FILL RETENTION PROJECT
TYPICAL LONGARD TUBE
GROIN INSTALLATION
DATE 8/16/94 Joe # 4234 SKETCH 2
SOURCE: LONGARD TUBE APPLICATIONS MANUAL
NOTE: CONTOURS SHOWN IN FEET
J-;
DIVISION OF
4STAL MANAGEMENT
TYPICAL SAND-FILLED BAG GRG;N
IV r%IlJ l\!1L UVLU
3 BAG HIGH GROIN
ELEVATION & JOINT OVEI
SCALE. 1/4)' = l'-O"
TOP VARIES
12'
4' TYP.
CV
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BALD HEAD ISLAND
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NOT 10 NOTE:
- _ - _ _M.L_W_ CONFORMS TO DEMENSIONS OF CORPS -
OF ENGINEERS 1991 SECTION 933
BEACH FILL PROJECT FOR EALD HEAD
ISLAND.
1
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO September 23, 1994
Regulatory Branch
Action ID No. 199404687
Mr. John Dc iey
Division o Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
Dear Mr. Dorney:
<?I", fl 1"l
7 1994
Enclosed is the application of the Village of Bald Head
Isla represented by Mr. Wallace Martin, for Department of the
Army authorization and a State Water Quality Certification to
construct an experimental groin field on the Atlantic Ocean
beachfront, apt the west end of South Beach, Bald Head Island,
Brunswick County, North Carolina. Your receipt of this letter
verifies your acceptance of a valid request for certification in
accordance with Section 325.2(b)(ii) of our administrative
regulations.
We are considering authorizing the proposed activity pursuant
to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and we have determined
that a water quality certification is required under the
provisions of Section 401 of the same law. A Department of the
Army permit will not be granted until the certification has been
obtained or waived.
In accordance with our administrative regulations, in most
cases, 60 days after receipt of a request for certification is a
reasonable time for State action. Therefore, if you have not
acted on the request, or asked for an extension of time, by
November 23, 1994, the District Engineer will deem that waiver
has occurred.
-2-
Questions or
Wilmington Field
251-4629.
comments may be addressed to Mr. Rudi Schiener,
Office, Regulatory Branch, telephone (910)
Sincerely,
?6GjWn e Writ
Regulatory Branch
Enclosure
Copies Furnished (without enclosure):
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. C. Robert Stroud, Jr.
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division
of Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845

ti
l j 1 6 9 (O W( Action: CO-E
?J CF: DE
?6 DD
DP
Fhe Village of Bald Head Island
DX
EN
District Engineer
USAED/Wilmington
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
Dear Sir:
'?Fc
19y4
00 114
It is requested that a Federal permit be issued to facilitate
construction of an experimental groin f ield at the west end of Bald
Head Island's South Beach in accordance with the attached permit
application, sketches, and other supporting documents. A detailed
description of the proposed project and the rationale supporting
this request are included in our letter to the N.C. Division of
Coastal Management (CAMA), a copy of which is attached for your
information. You will note that the groin field project is
intended to compliment a follow-on Corps of Engineers Section 933
beach fill project anticipated some time within the next year or an
independent Bald Head Island Village sponsored renourishment
project.
Your cooperation and assistance in the successful completion
of the work proposed herein is respectfully requested. Thank you
for your help in this matter.
Sincerely yours,
Tom Bradshaw, Mayor
enclosure
cc: N.C. Division of Coastal Management
P.O. BOX 3009 - BALD HEAD ISLAND, NC 28461 - [phone] - FAX [phone]
August 31, 1994
a The Village of Bald Head Island
F. /
L. Y
ugu 31, 1994
Division of Coastal Management
N.C. Dept. of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
RE: Proposed Bald Head Island
Experimental Groin Field Project
Gentlemen:
Please find enclosed a completed permit application form,
supporting sketches, and documents requesting authorization for
construction of an experimental groin field at the west end of
South Beach on Bald Head Island. This area has experienced severe
erosion in the past several years, with an erosion rate of up to 30
feet per year at the extreme west end of the island adjacent to the
Cape Fear River Inlet navigation channel. The proposed project is
intended to complement a beach fill project by the Corps of
Engineers expected in the foreseeable future. (A beach fill
project of about 320,000 cubic yards of material was placed along
approximately 8,000 feet of the west end of South Beach in 1991;
however, this material was quickly eroded and had virtually
disappeared by late 1993. Subsequent erosion has continued to
attack the remnant dunes and upper beach along the westernmost
5,000 to 6,000 feet of the western end of south Beach, damaging
property, island roads and utilities.)
It is proposed that a groin field comprised of fourteen to
sixteen 240 to 300 foot long groins spaced 400 feet apart extending
from high ground to a depth of -5 feet mean low water be
constructed to combat the erosion problem (final number, length, and
groin spacing will be dependent upon existing beach profiles and
erosion conditions at the time of final design). The groins would
be constructed on an experimental or demonstration basis using
Longard Tubes (with the easternmost two groins constructed of
oversized sandbags). A complete description of the proposed
project, including rationale to support the proposal, is included
as a part of the permit application documentation. It is pointed
out that this application does not include a request for a permit
to allow the complimentary follow-on beach refill project. A
permit for that work is being coordinated with the Corps of
Engineers and will be submitted separately, dependent upon timing
P.O. BOX 3009 • BALD HEAD ISLAND, NC 28461 • [phone] • FAX [phone]

Page 2
of a possible Corps Section 933 or independent Bald Head Island
Village sponsored beach fill project.
We understand that current CRC regulations normally would not
allow construction of a project of the type proposed. It is
respectfully requested that you carefully review this request and
rationale for the proposed project. We solicit you assistance to
achieve our objective which we sincerely feel is in the overall
public interest. We and our engineers are available to answer any
questions and assist in any way that we can.
Thank you for your cooperation and assistance in this matter.
S' ,
Tom Bradshaw, Mayor
enclosure
cc: USAED/Wilmington
had been counted for this year. Twelve had been lost and 35 others had been
relocated. The hatch rate in all of the nests will not be known until the end
of the nesting season. It was pointed out, however, that very few nests had
been spotted in the west end of the South Beach area where the most serious
erosion is occurring. It was noted that all along this reach wave runup
during high tide was impinging directly on the upper beach (would normally be
the toe of beach foredunes if they existed), resulting in a barrier or
obstacle to the turtles reaching a dry beach area where they would normaTly
deposit their eggs. It was speculated that any nests placed in this area had
also been threatened or washed out by the wave runup erosion effects.
It is felt that this serious condition would be improved significantly
by stabilizing an upper beach area that would result in improved beach condi-
tions that would support normal nesting processes. It was observed that nest-
ing results improved considerably after the 1991 renourishment project. As
sediments were eroded away, these improved conditions deteriorated rapidly.
The Conservancy agreed that a properly constructed groin field that helps to
maintain beach areas suitable for turtle nesting was "better than no beach at
all" and that the construction of the groins could be supported.
In summary, it may be concluded that
area (affected by construction of a groin
on sea turtle nestings with little or no
nearshore and upper beach areas.
enhancement of the beach foreshore
field) will have a salutary effect
adverse impacts on other species in
5
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SrP 2 199,E
Please type or print. Carefully describe all anticipated
development activities, including construction, excava-
tion, filling, paving, land clearing, and stormwater con-
trol. If the requested information is not relevant to your
project, write N/A (not applicable). Items 1-4 and 8-9
must be completed for all projects.
1 APPLICANT
a. Name VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
Address
City
TOWN HALL (P. 0. BOX 3009)
BALD HEAD ISLAND
Zip 28461. Day phone
Landowner or X* Authorized agent
b. Project name (if any)
RETENTION PROJECT
SOUTH BEACH - BEACH FILL
c. If the applicant is not the landowner, also give the
owner's name and address.
*WALLACE MARTIN, TOWN MANAGER
VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
P. 0. BOX 3009
BALD HEAD ISLAND, NC 28461
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
ro
If you plan to build a marina, also complete and
attach Form DCM-MP-2.
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an
existing project, new work, or both?
GROIN FIELD IS NEW WORT;
c. Will the project be for community, private, or
commercial use?
COMMUNITY
d. Describe the planned use of the project.
GROIN FIELD IS INTENDED TO RETARD EROSION AND
BETTER RETAIN BEACH RENOURISHMENT FILL MATERIALS
IMPLACED BY FOLLOW-ON CORPS OF ENGINEERS
SECTION 933 PROJECT
4 LAND AND WATER
CHARACTERISTICS
a. Size of entire tract ±5,000 FEET LONG
b. Size of individual lot(s) N/A
c. Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
VARIES; 0 TO +6' NGVD
d. Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract
BEACH SAND
a. Street address or secondary road number
N/A e. Vegetation on tract NONE ON BEACH PROPER; REMNANT
BEACH VEGETATION ON HIGH GROUND
b. City, town, community, or landmark
VILLAGE OF BALD HEAD ISLAND
c. County
BRUNSWICK
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
jurisdiction? YES
e. Name of body of water nearest project
ATLANTIC OCEAN & CAPE FEAR RIVER INLET
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
f. Man-made features now on tract NONE
g. What is the CAMA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
Conservation Transitional
X Developed Community
Rural Other
IL How is the tract zoned by local government?
N/A; PUBLIC BEACH AREA
i. How are adjacent waters classified?
SB
a. Describe all development activities you propose (for j. Has a professional archaeological survey been
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead, carried out for the tract? IJO If so, by whom?
or pier). PUBLIC BEACH IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
INCORPORATING 14 LONGARD TUBE GROINS FOR RETENTION
State - N. C.
910/457-9700
OF BEACH FILL
5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT N/A - .
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development.
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
stnictures proposed
b. Number of lots or parcels
c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.)
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed
e.
If the proposed project will disturb more than one
acre of land, the Division of Land Resources must
receive an erosion and sedimentation control plan at
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion
control plan been submitted to the Division of Land
Resources?
f. Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of
mean high water to be covered by impermeable
surfaces, such as pavement, buildings, rooftops.
g. List the materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be used for paved surfaces.
h. If applicable, has a stormwater management plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management?
m. Water supply source
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
o. If the project is on the oceanfront, what will be the
elevation above mean sea level of the first habitable
floor?
6 EXCAVATION AND FILL
INFORMATION
a. Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation
or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in Section 7).
Access channel
(MEW) or (NWL)
Boat basin
Other: LONGARD TUBE
GROINS (14 EACH)
Length Width Depth

- 230' TO
300' --70" _
(DIAMETER) EXTENDED
TO -5'
MLW

18' TO 20' 6' 4'
i. Describe proposed sewage disposal and/or waste
water treatment facilities. Fill placed in
wetland or below
MHW
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval? Upland fill
areas
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
k. Describe existing treatment facilities. water level in cubic yards NONE
c. Type of material
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
1. Describe location and type of discharges to waters of swamps, or other wetlands?
the state (for example, surface runoff, sanitary N/A
wastewater, industrial/commercial effluent, "wash
down").
e. High ground excavation, in cubic'yards
APPROXIMATELY 200 CY (TOTAL) TO ACCOMMODATE UPLAND
"ANCHOR" END OF LONGARD TUBE GROINS
f. Dimensions of spoil disposal area
N/A
g. Location of spoil disposal area
N/A
h. Do you claim title to the disposal area? N/A
If not, attach a letter granting permission from the
owner.
Will a disposal area be available for future
maintenance? N/A
If so, where?
j. Does the disposal area include any marshland,
swamps, or water areas?
N/A
k. Will the fill material be placed below mean high
water? ONLY THAT CONTAINED IN LONGARD TUBE
1. Amount of fill in cubic yards
m. Type of fill material
N/A
N/A
n. Source of fill material
DRY SAND BEACH
o. Will fill material be placed on marsh or other
wetlands? NO
p. Dimensions of the wetland to be filled
N/A
q. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled?
ALL MATERIALS WILL BE CONTAINED WITHIN THE
LONGARD TUBES
What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)? SAND HOPPER AND JET PUMP
s. Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment
to project site? No If yes, explain steps that will
be taken to lessen environmental impacts.
7 SHORELINE STABILIZATION
a. Length of bulkhead or riprap N/A
c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
feet 6 TO 30 FEET
d. Type of bulkhead material
N/A
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yards, to be placed below
mean high water N/A
f. Type of fill material N/A
8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
In addition to the completed application form, the follow-
ing items must be submitted:
A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
the owner of said property, then forward a copy of the
deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
the project.
An accurate work plat (including plan view and cross
sectional drawings) drawn to scale in black ink on an 8
1/2 x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
Commission Rule 710203 for a detailed description.)
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue-line
prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 16 high
quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
the like.
A stormwater management plan, if applicable, that
may have been developed in consultation with the
Division of Environmental Management.
A list of the names and complete addresses of the ad-
jacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These in-
dividuals have 30 days in which to submit comments on
the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Manage-
ment and should be advised by the applicant of that op-
pomuiity
b. Average distance waterward of mean high water or
normal water level

NOTIFICATION OF PROPOSED PROJECT DETAILS IS
BEING FURNISHED TO ALL PROPERTY OWNERS
THROUGH THE BALD HEAD ISLAND HOMEOWNERS
Name ASSOCIATION NEWSLETTER
Address
Name
Address
Name
Address
A list of previous state or federal permits issued for
work on the project tract. Include permit numbers,
permittee, and issuing dates.
N.C. DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENT HEALTH & NATURAL RESOURCES
P RMI NO. 152-87 DATED 7/3U
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT SAWCO80-N-000-029
(GENERAL PERMIT)
A check for $250 made payable to the Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development to
cover the costs of processing the application.
A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront
and inlet areas.
A statement on the use of public funds. If the project
involves the expenditure of public funds, attach a state-
ment documenting compliance with the North Carolina
Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S. 113A-1 to 10).
9 CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION
TO ENTER ON LAND
Any permit issued in response to this application will
allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to conditions and restrictions
contained in the permit.
1
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North CaroEna's ap-
proved Coastal Management Program and will be con-
ducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I further certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in
fact, grant permission to representatives of state and
federal review agencies to enter on the aforementioned
lands in connection with evaluating information related
to this permit application and follow-up monitoring of
project.
This is the ??/day 19/0?

1?6d6wner or Authorized
WALLACE MARTIN, TOWN MAN
(AUTHORIZED AGENT)
PROPOSED EXPERIMENTAL GROIN FIELD PROJECT
Bald Head Island, North Carolina
SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM
Bald Head Island has a long history of erosion and accretion of the
island's shores over time, in response to fluctuations and/or changes in wind
and wave forces, and the nearshore bathymetry of the island. These
parameters, partially coupled with the tidal flows and currents associated
with Frying Pan Shoals on the east end and the Cape Fear River Inlet on the
west end of the island, have resulted in relatively long-term changes of con-
siderable magnitude insofar as beach erosion problems are concerned. The most
serious erosion has occurred at South Beach's west end and erosion rates of up
to 30 feet per year have been recorded in this general area. In recent years
several detailed shoreline and inlet history studies have been prepared con-
cluding that much of this eroded beach sand is lost into the Cape Fear River
Inlet navigational channel and that none of this material naturally crosses or
bypasses the inlet gorge.
RECENT CONVENTIONAL BEACH RENOURISHMENT PROJECT
The erosion problem'area at South Beach benefited from a beach renourish-
ment project in 1991. Approximately 320,000 cubic yards of material were
placed along an 8,000-foot segment at the western end of South Beach where the
major erosion problem had occurred. The work was done under the authority of
Section 933 of PL99-662 by the Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of En-
gineers under a cost sharing arrangement with Bald Head Island Village. It is
considered essential that some sort of conventional beach renourishment effort
be continued to afford protection of upland properties, the island's in-
frastructure, and recreational beach area if the Bald Head Island Village com-
munity is to continue to thrive.
However, it is further concluded that some means must be found to also
retard the erosion process and retain the renourishment fill materials on the
beach for a longer period of time. If this is accomplished, the project's
economic viability will be enhanced and greater protection -will be provided -
for island properties, vital island infrastructure (roads, utilities, etc.),
and recreational beach area.
ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS
Numerous options were considered to remedy or improve this situation.
It was concluded that the only reasonable alternative is to construct a groin
field on South Beach to complement the next beach renourishment project.
RATIONALIZATION FOR THE PROPOSED GROIN FIELD CONCEPT
It is recognized that the current N.C. Coastal Resource Commission (CRC)
regulations include identification of jetties and groins in their group of
"hard" structures, which are prohibited. While "hard" structures by them-
selves are not favored by coastal engineers except in extreme circumstances,
their use in conjunction with beach renourishment can significantly extend the
nourishment life with no adverse impact on adjacent shorelines when properly
employed in appropriate locations.
The regulations go on to state that "alternative approaches will be al-
lowed where the applicant can show that such measures are necessary to provide
adequate protection" and will not cause significant adverse impacts. The
regulations also suggest that employment of innovative and imaginative tech-
niques or systems in approaches to resolve difficult coastal problems (while
minimizing the adverse impacts on the public beach and nearby properties)
should be encouraged. In this instance, "hard structures" (conventional stone
rubble, timber, or steel sheet pile groins) are not being recommended. The
groin structures proposed for this project will be constructed using "Longard
Tubes" and/or composite large sandbag systems. Both items are fabricated or
constructed from high-strength geotechnical permeable fabrics (filter fabrics)
which are flexible and relatively easy to emplace. It is felt that installa-
tion of groins constructed from these "soft" materials would, in a sense,
comply with the spirit of the CRC regulations. This rationale is based on:
The project can be termed innovative and experimental in nature in that
it is intended to demonstrate a significant reduction to the serious ero-
sion problem at Bald Head Island's South Beach without serious impacts
on-adjacent beaches or estuarine systems.
The overall public interest will be served by greatly improved retention
of renourishment beach fill sediments on the beach, thereby reducing the
loss of these materials into the adjacent Cape Fear River Federal naviga-
tion channel; dredging frequency requirements and their related costs to
the public should be reduced; Village infrastructure (roads and
utilities) will be afforded greater protection; protection of upland
properties will be enhanced, thereby preserving Village (and County) ad-
valorem tax base; a wider public beach area will be provided over a
longer period of time.
The structures can be described as "temporary" in that they can be
quickly, easily, and economically removed if it is determined for some
reason that they must be removed.
In order to meet the criteria outlined above, it has been determined
that the groins should be constructed using Longard Tubes with the two
shorter, easternmost groins constructed of large sandbags.
SYSTEM DIMENSIONS AND CONFIGURATIONS
Longard Tubes
The Longard Tubes selected for the project are fabricated in cylindrical
dimensions of 70 inches and are supplied in the specified length desired. The
Longard Tubes are made up of two tubes. The outer tube is constructed of high
density polyethylene and polypropylene with additives for strength,
flexibility, and ultraviolet ray resistance. It is open-weaved (20 threads
per 5 cm) to allow water to pass through, but to filter or prevent passage of
sand particles. The inner tube is a black tubular film of low-density
polyethylene about 20 mils thick. A filter cloth underlayment is employed
2
when the systems are installed as breakwaters, groins, etc. These filter
cloth underlayments are fabricated with two 10-inch diameter anchor tubes
which are designed to avoid undermining of the installed system. A sketch of
a single tube configuration installation is shown on Sketch 2.
When installed on the naturally sloping beach face, the seaward end of
the tube groin is normally eroded or "undercut" to a degree that the groin toe
is undermined slightly, causing it to be become embedded in the offshore sedi-
ments, thereby increasing its stability and resistance to displacement. The
fully filled 70-inch Longard Tube has an approximate weight of about 2900
pounds per linear foot. Normally the fully loaded (filled) tube, 230 to 300
feet long (weight approximately 290 tons), has sufficient bulik to resist dis-
placement or movement once it has completely settled into place. It is es-
timated that about 200 cubic yards of sand will be required tc fill each tube.
Dry sand on the upper beach or saturated sand from the surf zone will be used
for this purpose.
Oversized Sandbag Structures
Oversized sandbags are also available using the same general type of fil-
ter fabric described above for the Longard Tubes. Sandbag groins may be
employed when significant wave heights are below 5 feet; however, sandbag con-
structed groins may not possess as high a degree of stability as a single tube
groin. Sandbag groins are constructed by stacking the individual bags in a
staggered pattern (see Sketch 3 following this page). The structure's
(completed groin) integrity depends on the individual bags remaining in place
and intact. Therefore, a minimum size bag of 3-foot diameter by 6 feet long
will be used, laying to a height-to-width ratio of at least 1:2 and a minimum
dry weight of 5,000 pounds. Once again, the sandbag groin system must be un-
derlain by a filter fabric bedding material.
PROPOSED GROIN FIELD LAYOUT
The proposed groin field would be comprised of fourteen (14) to sixteen
(16) groins approximately 230 to 300 feet long extending from the landward
anchor section seaward to a depth of -5 feet mean low water (MLW). The
seaward -end -of -each groin will be protected-by a single pile with a sign
mounted thereon warning of the "Submerged Structure" end of the groin. The
seaward end of the groin will also be located to allow a small amount of sand
"bypassing" around and over the ends of each of the groins to maintain normal
littoral drift of sediments sufficient to maintain stability within the groin
cells and downdrift beach areas. Proper functioning of the groin field will
also significantly reduce eroded sediment loss into the Cape Fear River naviga-
tion channel. Sketch 1 shows the proposed layout for the groin field. Sketch
4 shows in-place groins after construction and follow-on renourishment of the
beach. (Note: The final number, length, and groin spacing will be dependent
upon existing beach profiles and erosion conditions at the time of final
design.)
3
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Groin Construction
Construction of the individual groins in the manner described is ex-
pected to have little or no impact on the areas immediately adjacent to them.
The seaward toe of each groin will cover a minimal area in the nearshore tidal
zone. The same is true from the approximate mean high water line on up the
beach slope to the landward toe which will extend 18 to 20 feet landward of
the low scarp and/or small "pushed up" dune section on the upper beach. Most
of the tube groin in this area will be buried near or below the existing
ground area. It is planned that a low dune will be pushed up over this
landward anchoring section of the tube groin to protect it and to restore the
relatively small breach excavated through the upper beach to install the tube.
This reworked high ground area will be vegetated with a suitable dune vegeta-
tion cover. The:remaining upper beach portion of the groin tubes will be com-
pletely covered when the beach fill is implaced (see Sketch 4). As the beach
fill material gradually erodes, a portion of the tube groin in the tidal zone
will be uncovered by erosion processes, thus allowing passage of some of the
beach fill materials over the top of and around the end of this uncovered tube
groin section. This will allow sufficient bypassing of materials to afford
relative stability to the renourished beach and the downdrift beach areas
beyond the groinjfield. The lengths of at least two groins at both the east
and west ends of the project will be shortened to complement the beach fill
transition sections in those locations. The small amount of sand used (about
200 cubic yards) for construction of each groin tube will very quickly be re-
placed by normal sediment transport and/or the anticipated follow-on beach
renourishment project.
As previously mentioned, it is anticipated that there will be a sig-
nificant reduction in the rate and volume of sediments lost through normal
erosional process to the Cape Fear River navigation channel adjacent to the
proposed project area. This should, in turn, favorably impact the overall
public interest by a corresponding reduction in the rate and cost of channel
maintenance dredging.
Threatened and Endangered Species
The advent of constructing the groins should not impact any threatened
or endangered species except sea turtles during their nesting season. The
nesting season normally extends from May through the end of August. The hatch-
ing period may extend several weeks beyond that time; however, the advent of
cooler weather quickly retards that process. Any construction equipment
employed on the beach during this period could seriously threaten or endanger
this process. Therefore, construction of the groin field will be limited to
periods other than during the nesting season.
The Bald Head Nature Conservancy sponsors an extensive sea turtle
monitoring program to protect the nests of Logger Head and Green Sea Turtles.
This program has been in effect for a number of years and is reputedly one of
the best of its nature in the entire Southeast. The Conservancy reports that
the number of nestings varies between years, but it has been conclusively
shown that fewer nestings were experienced overall in the seriously eroding
area that is designated for the groin field. Recent personal communications
(July 1994) with Conservancy personnel revealed that up to mid-July, 117 nests
4
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UPDRIFT BEACH PROFILE
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10" DIAMETER ANCHOR TUBE---,
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BALD HEAD ISLAND VILLAGE
BALD HEAD ISLAND, NC 28461
SOUTH BEACH FILL RETENTION PROJECT ese TMCcoEvNT C E, ?pNGINEERo PON ERn TYPICAL LONGARD TUBE
aW '40R7H N IM SnnrT, WMINGMN. H C. 28402 GROIN INSTALLATION
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DATE 8/16/94 JDB N 4234 SKETCH 2
70" DIAMETER TUBE GROIN
DOWNDRIFT BEACH PROFILE
48
PROFILE
SOURCE: LONGARD TUBE APPLICATIONS MANUAL
TYPICAL SAND-FILLED BAG GROIN
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REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF
Regulatory Branch
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
December 20, 1994
Action ID Nos. 199404655 and 199404687
Ms. L. K. (Mike) Gantt
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Fish and Wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
Dear Ms. Gantt:
Reference the applications of the Village of Bald Head Island for
Department of the Army (DA) permits to excavate adjacent to Jay Bird Shoals,
in the Cape Fear River Federal Navigation Channel, and place the excavated
material for renourishment of 14,000 linear feet of Atlantic ocean beachfront
(199404655) and construct an experimental groin field (14 to 16 sandbag
groins) on the Atlantic ocean beachfront, at the west end of South Beach
(199404687), Bald Head Island, Brunswick County, North Carolina. Also,
reference your letter of November 28, 1994.
To facilitate State and Federal administrative procedures, the
excavation/beach nourishment and construction of groins should be considered
as two separate actions. Also, by letter of December 15, 1994 (copy
enclosed), the application (199404655) has been revised to eliminate any
excavation outside the approved limits on the Federal Channel.
In your letter of November 28, 1994, you express concerns regarding
endangered species, especially the sea turtle and the piping plovers.
Numerous biological opinions issued by your office have indicated that
pipeline dredges are not known to take sea turtles, and if beachfront activity
is restricted as to specific times of the year, we do not believe the proposed
projects would have any adverse effect on listed species.
Please reference our EIS, Long-Term Maintenance of Wilmington Harbor,
North Carolina, October 1989, and your letter of September 26, 1988.
Appropriate measures which we would include as conditions of issued permits
are as follows:
a. All work authorized by this permit must be performed in strict
compliance with the attached plans, which are a part of this permit.
b. No excavation or work on the Atlantic ocean beachfront will take
place between the dates of May 1 and November 15 of any year to avoid impacts
on loggerhead sea turtle, green sea turtle, piping plover and seabeach
amaranth. Dredging and renourishment should occur between November 16 and
January 15 of any year to minimize impacts to spawning fisheries, allow
recovery of beach invertebrates and minimize impacts on nesting sea turtles
and shorebirds.
c. Any hydraulic dredge pipeline routes through wetlands should be
avoided. If pipeline routes must pass through wetlands or dune vegetation,
the vegetation and dune sediment will be restored immediately after each
nourishment activity is completed.
Printed on ® Recycled Paper
-2-
d. When excavated material is placed on the beachfront, berms will be used to
retain and direct the flow of material parallel to the shoreline to minimize
siltation.
e. Sand compaction will be tested on beach areas which are renourished.
If sand compaction exceeds 500 cone penetrometer units (CPU's) (measured using
standard sampling procedures), tilling will be required to bring the CPU's to
within acceptable levels. Prior to any tilling, surveys will be conducted for
seabeach amarath. No tilling will occur in the immediate areas where seabeach
amarath plants are growing.
f. Excavation will not exceed forty (40) feet below the elevation of
mean low water (MLW).
g. No vegetated wetlands will be excavated or filled.
h. This permit does not authorize the interference with any existing or
proposed Federal project, and the permittee will not be entitled to
compensation for damage or injury to the authorized structure or work which
may be caused from existing or future operations undertaken by the United
States in the public interest.
i. No attempt will be made by the permittee to prevent the full and free
use by the public of all navigable waters at or adjacent to the authorized
work. Use of the permitted activity must not interfere with the public's
right to free navigation on all navigable waters of the United States.
j. The activity will be conducted in such a manner as to prevent a
significant increase in turbidity outside the area of construction or
construction-related discharge. Increases such that the turbidity in the
waterbody is 25 NTU's or less are not considered significant.
k. If the permittee discovers any previously unknown historic or
archeological remains while accomplishing the authorized work, he will
immediately notify the Wilmington District Engineer who will initiate the
required State/Federal coordination.
1. This Department of the Army permit does not obviate the need to
obtain other Federal, State, or local authorizations required by law.
While we appreciate your recommendation that the proposed projects be
deferred until the results of our ongoing study of the impacts of beach
nourishment are available, we do not believe that this requirement is
necessary. Our study will address data gaps related to beach disposal impacts
and will be used to help plan beach disposal and beach nourishment projects.
This study could take several years and a moratorium on beach disposal until
conclusion would be inappropriate. With the aforementioned conditions, we
believe that the impacts of beach disposal on Bald Head Island would not be
significant.
-3-
A timely response will be appreciated. Questions or comments may be
addressed to Mr. Michael Hosey, Wilmington Field Office, Regulatory Branch,
telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
Enclosure
Copies Furnished with enclosure:
Mr. Jerome M. Butler
Acting Regional Director
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1875 Century Boulevard
Atlanta, Georgia 30345
'Njr . John Dorney
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. C. Robert Stroud, Jr.
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
Mr. Paul S. Denison. P.E.
Oesen and Associates, Incorporated
Post Office Drawer 2087
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
/ 44?A4 ?S / 4q4'-04ly g l
Fhe Village of Bald Head Island
December 15, 1994
trict
Engineers
28402-1890
Attn: Mr. Cliff Winefordner
Regulatory Branch
RE: ACTION I.D. 1199404655 & 1199404687
Dear Mr. Winefordner:
In accordance with your several telephone discussions with
Col. Paul Denison (engineer, Century/von Oesen Consulting
Engineers) we understand that you are taking action to resolve
questions raised in the National Marine Fisheries Service November
7, 1994 letter to the District Engineer concerning our permit
application for beach renourishment of South Beach, Bald Head
Island. We appreciate your assistance in this matter and will stay
in touch with you regarding the outcome of your negotiations with
NMFS.
During general discussions of our permit application you
raised the point that the Corps had received an objection from the
N.C. Division of Archives & History concerning dredging of the Jay
Bird Shoals area in the 50-foot widener section specified in our
permit application. You will recall that we added that particular
area to our request at the suggestion of State CAMA personnel in
that it had been included in the exact same area dredged by the
Corps to support their Section 933 project for renourishment of
South Beach. Col. Denison indicated that he felt our problem was
sufficiently urgent that we could "give up" the 50-foot widener
section for expeditious approval of authorization of the Smith
Island channel reach adjacent to Bald Head Island. This confirms
our acceptance of this premise. By copy of this letter I am
advising Mr. John Parker in Raleigh and the local CAMA office of
this section.
Please call if you have any questions or if we may help
further in any way.
Si rely,
al ace Ma irr
Town Manag
cc: Mr. John Parker (DCM, Raleigh)
Division of Coastal Management (Wilmington)
P. 0. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF
December 20, 1994
Regulatory Branch
Action ID Nos. 199404655 and 199404687
Mr. Andreas Mager, Jr.
Assistant Regional Director
Habitat Conservation Division
National Marine Fisheries Service
Southeast Regional Office
9721 Executive Center Drive North
St. Petersburg, Florida 33702
Dear Mr. Mager:
Reference the applications of the village of Bald Head Island for
Department of the Army (DA) permits to excavate adjacent to Jay Bird Shoals,
in the Cape Fear River Federal Navigation Channel, and place the excavated
material for renourishment of 14,000 linear feet of Atlantic Ocean beachfront
(199404655) and construct an experimental groin field (14 to 16 sandbag
groins) on the Atlantic Ocean beachfront, at the west end of South Beach
(199404687), Bald Head Island, Brunswick County, North Carolina. Also,
reference your letter of November 7, 1994.
To facilitate State and Federal administrative procedures, the
excavation/beach nourishment and construction of groins should be considered
as two separate actions. Also, by letter of December 15, 1994 (copy
enclosed), the application (199404655) has been revised to eliminate any
excavation outside the approved limits on the Federal Channel.
In your letter of November 7, 1994, you express concerns regarding
endangered species, especially the sea turtle and the shortnose sturgeon. The
shortnose sturgeon is not known to use the Cape Fear River at Jaybird Shoals,
and it is known to be able to easily avoid hydraulic dredging operations.
Likewise, numerous biological opinions issued by your office have indicated
that pipeline dredges are not known to take sea turtles. Therefore, we do not
believe the proposed projects would have any adverse effect on listed species.
Please reference our EIS, Long-Term Maintenance of Wilmington Harbor,
North Carolina, October 1989, and your letters of December 23, 1988 and
January 13, 1989. Appropriate measures which we would include as conditions
of issued permits are as follows:
a. All work authorized by this permit must be performed in strict
compliance with the attached plans, which are a part of this permit.
b. No excavation or work on the Atlantic Ocean beachfront will take
place between the dates of May 1 and November 15 of any year to avoid impacts
on loggerhead sea turtle, green sea turtle, piping plover and seabeach
amaranth. Dredging and renourishment should occur between November 16 and
January 15 of any year to minimize impacts to spawning fisheries, allow
recovery of beach invertebrates and minimize impacts on nesting sea turtles
and shorebirds.
Printed on 0 Recyded Paper

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c. Any hydraulic dredge pipeline routes through wetlands should be
avoided. If pipeline routes must pass through wetlands or dune vegetation,
the vegetation and dune sediment will be restored immediately after each
nourishment activity is completed.
d. When excavated material is placed on the beachfront, berms will be
used to retain and direct the flow of material parallel to the shoreline to
minimize siltation.
e. Sand compaction will be tested on beach areas which are renourished.
If sand compaction exceeds 500 cone penetrometer units (CPU's) (measured using
standard sampling procedures), tilling will be required to bring the CPU's to
within acceptable levels. Prior to any tilling, surveys will be conducted for
seabeach amarath. No tilling will occur in the immediate areas where seabeach
amarath plants are growing.
f. Excavation will not exceed forty (40) feet below the elevation of
mean low water (MLW).
g. No vegetated wetlands will be excavated or filled.
h. This permit does not authorize the interference with any existing or
proposed Federal project, and the permittee will not be entitled to
compensation for damage or injury to the authorized structure or work which
may be caused from existing or future operations undertaken by the United
States in the public interest.
i. No attempt will be made by the permittee to prevent the full and free
use by the public of all navigable waters at or adjacent to the authorized
work. Use of the permitted activity must not interfere with the public's
right to free navigation on all navigable waters of the United States.
j. The activity will be conducted in such a manner as to prevent a
significant increase in turbidity outside the area of construction or
construction-related discharge. Increases such that the turbidity in the
waterbody is 25 NTU's or less are not considered significant.
k. If the permittee discovers any previously unknown historic or
archeological remains while accomplishing the authorized work, he will
immediately notify the Wilmington District Engineer who will initiate the
required State/Federal coordination.
1. This Department of the Army permit does not obviate the need to
obtain other Federal, State, or local authorizations required by law.
While we appreciate your recommendation that the proposed projects be
deferred until the results of our ongoing study of the impacts of beach
nourishment are available, we do not believe that this requirement is
necessary. Our study will address data gaps related to beach disposal impacts
and will be used to help plan beach disposal and beach nourishment projects.
This study could take several years and a moratorium on beach disposal until
conclusion would be inappropriate. With the aforementioned conditions, we
believe that the impacts of beach disposal on Bald Head Island would not be
significant.
Ilk
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A timely response will be appreciated. Questions or comments may be
addressed to Mr. Michael Hosey, Wilmington Field Office, Regulatory Branch,
telephone [phone].
Sincerely,
G. Wayne Wright
Chief, Regulatory Branch
Enclosure
Copies Furnished with enclosure:
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries Service
Pivers Island
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
pe. John Dorney
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Mr. C. Robert Stroud, Jr.
Wilmington Regional Office
North Carolina Division of
Coastal Management
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405-3845
Mr. Paul S. Denison. P.E.
Oesen and Associates, Incorporated
Post Office Drawer 2087
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401

i 4??P4 'S tO41(a9 !
rhe Village of Bald Head Island
December 15, 1994
trict
Engineers
28402-1890
Attn: Mr. Cliff Winefordner
Regulatory Branch
RE: ACTION I.D. 1199404655 & #199404687
Dear Mr. Winefordner:
In accordance with your several telephone discussions with
Col. Paul Denison (engineer, Century/von Oesen Consulting
Engineers) we understand that you are taking action to resolve
questions raised in the National Marine Fisheries Service November
7, 1994 letter to the District Engineer concerning our permit
application for beach renourishment of South Beach, Bald Head
Island. We appreciate your assistance in this matter and will stay
in touch with you regarding the outcome of your negotiations with
NMFS.
During general discussions of our permit application you
raised the point that the Corps had received an objection from the
N.C. Division of Archives & History concerning dredging of the Jay
Bird Shoals area in the 50-foot widener section specified in our
permit application. You will recall that we added that particular
area to our request at the suggestion of State CAMA personnel in
that it had been included in the exact same area dredged by the
Corps to support their Section 933 project for renourishment of
South Beach. Col. Denison indicated that he felt our problem was
sufficiently urgent that we could "give up" the 50-foot widener
section for expeditious approval of authorization of the Smith
Island channel reach adjacent to Bald Head Island. This confirms
our acceptance of this premise. By copy of this letter I am
advising Mr. John Parker in Raleigh and the local CAMA office of
this section.
Please call if you have any questions or if we may help
further in any way.
Si rely, `
L
Wal ace Ma ®r'
Town Manag
cc: Mr. John Parker (DCM, Raleigh)
Division of Coastal Management (Wilmington)
P. O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC