20030404 Ver 1_Monitoring Report Review_20090812

KILPATRICK
\ STOCKTON LLP
Attorneys at Law
August 12, 2009
Mr. John Dorney
Environmental Supervisor
NC DENR, Division of Water Quality
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699
Steven J. Levitas
direct dial 919 420 1707
direct fax [phone]
[e-mail]
Re: Final Water Quality Monitoring Reports for The Preserve at Jordan Lake and
Chapel Ridge subdivisions, Chatham County
Dear John:
I am writing on behalf of Jordan Lake Preserve Corporation (JLPC) to respond to your
letter dated the July 8, 2009 regarding water quality monitoring reports dated April 28, 2009 that
were submitted to DWQ on May 11, 2009 following your comments to me on the draft versions
submitted to you on March 30, 2009. I have enclosed with this letter reports for both The
Preserve at Jordan Lake and the Chapel Ridge subdivision that have been revised to address your
comments and have provided responses to your comments below.
1. Attach a site plan to the report which clearly shows the sampling locations.
Figure 1 of each report shows the sampling locations.
2. Please confirm that these reports contain all the raw data for water chemistry and
aquatic insects rather than just the summary data. If these data are available electronically,
they should be submitted in electronic format. Otherwise, copies of the lab sheets are
sufficient on a CD.
The lab sheets for The Preserve and Chapel Ridge were provided electronically on a CD
in our May 11 submittal; we understand that you do not have the CD that we delivered that same
day for Chapel Ridge and have enclosed an additional copy here.
03 - CHOL-
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uite 400 3737 Glenwood Avenue
Raleigh NC 27612
?t 919 420 1700 f 919 420 1800
www.KilpatrickStockton.com
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3. All water quality standards should be added to all tables and figures to allow ready
comparison of results to standards. The report includes some standards but not all standards
which have been adopted by the NC Environmental Management Commission.
Mr. John Dorney
August 12, 2009
Page 2
We have added all water quality standards adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission to the tables and figures in the revised report.
4. Please address why the three targeted pesticides were analyzed rather than others.
This information has been included in the Methods sections on page 1 of each report.
5. Finally for the Chapel Ridge project, we assume that the monitoring includes the
runoff from residential areas as well as the golf course but please clarify that point.
We have clarified that water quality monitoring for the Chapel Ridge project includes
runoff from residential areas.
6. Please reference the appropriate DWQ and Corps project numbers for these projects
in your response.
We have added the DWQ and Corps project numbers to the cover page on each report.
We believe that these reports address each of DWQ's comments and support our request
to terminate water quality monitoring at these sites. We look forward to your confirmation of
this and thank you again for your assistance.
With best wishes,
Sincerely yours,
KILPATRICK STOCKTON LLP
Steven J. Levitas
SJL/dck
Enclosures
US2000 11435080.1
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
Water Quality Monitoring Program
2004-2008
USACOE Project Number: 2003-20488
DWQ Project Number: 03-0404
Prepared by:
Smart & Associates, Inc
Cary, NC 27511
March 30, 2009
April 28, 2009
July 20, 2009
Chapel Ridge Golf Course
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...................................................... Pagel
Methods ......................................................... Pagel
Surface Water Quality Data .......................................... Page 2
Sediments ....................................................... Pages
Ground Water Quality Data .......................................... Page 5
Benthic Macro invertebrate Data ....................................... Page 7
Summary ........................................................ Pagel
References ....................................................... Page8
FIGURES ...................................................... Page 10
TABLES ....................................................... Page 17
APPENDIX I. Figures showing the phases of the project.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
Introduction
As a condition of the Conditional Use Permit for the Chapel Ridge subdivision in Chatham
County (Project), Bluegreen Corporation (Bluegreen) committed to performing periodic
environmental monitoring to monitor the effects of the golf course and the residential
development on water quality. Monitoring of surface water, groundwater, and sediments at the
Project commenced in 2004, and Bluegreen has submitted annual reports summarizing the results
to Chatham County. This report has been prepared by Environmental Golf Concepts, Inc. and
Smart & Associates, Inc to summarize and evaluate all five years of historical monitoring data to
support Bluegreen's request to terminate monitoring at the Project.
Methods
Field and laboratory methods followed standard practices for surface water, ground water and
benthic macro invertebrates (APHA 2001, 2006; EPA 2008: NCDENR 2006). Sample locations
are given in Figure 1. Drought conditions were evident in 2005 and 2007. During these drought
conditions stream flow was reduced or, at tunes, non-existent, and at times ground water was
unavailable for sampling.
Pesticides were selected for inclusion in the monitoring plan based on the following:
1. Three pesticides were selected to analyze.
2. These three were selected as surrogates for pesticides used at the golf course. One
was an insecticide, one was an herbicide and one was a fungicide.
3. They were selected as surrogates because they represented the range of pesticide
characteristics that are found in the other pesticides that may have been used at the golf
course. The table below summarizes the range of characteristics.
4. They were selected because they had a high probability of being used at the golf
course.
5. Three were chosen to keep costs down, while providing information on the potential
movement of pesticides into water.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
Table of pesticide characteristics.
Pesticide chlorpyrifos mecoprop propiconazole
Characteristic
Type insecticide herbicide fungicide
Solubility (mg/L) low 0.4 High 250,000 moderate 150
Mobility (Koc) non- 6070 mobile 31 slightly 1086
mobile mobile
Particle bound high low low
mobility (11)
Persistence (half-life, moderate 50 non- 8.2 Persistent 214
days) persistent
Toxicity (21-d NOEC high 4.6 Low 22,700 moderate 310
chronic invertebrate,
ug/L)
(¶) From Goss, D & Wauchope RD (1990). Pp 471 - 493, In D.L. Weigmann Ed., Pesticides
in the next decade: the challenge ahead. The SCR/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database. 11
using it with Soils data in a screening Procedure. Virginia Resources Research Centre,
Blacksburg, VA, USA pp471-493.
Surface Water Quality Data
All historical surface water monitoring data for SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, SW-4, and SW-5 is
presented in Tables 1 through 5, respectively. SWA and SW-2 are located upstream of the golf
course and serve as control stations. SW-3, SW-4 and SW-5 are located within the golf course.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are box and whisker plots of data that compare the control stations (SW-1 and
SW-2) to the stations within the golf course. The figures allow comparison of data across
stations. If the distributions at each station overlap one can conclude that the stations are not
different. Data analyses focused on comparing the upstream, control sample stations to the
sample stations located within the golf course.
The streams that were sampled were typical of small streams in the piedmont region of North
Carolina. The water quality data for Chapel Ridge was similar to water quality data for
Ecoregion IX, Sub Ecoregion 45 (EPA 2000) (Table 7). The ranges for TKN, nitrate + nitrite
nitrogen, and total phosphorus from the Chapel Ridge streams lie within the range of
concentrations for streams in Sub Ecoregion 45. Turbidity is similar for all stations except for
SW-4. SW-4 had six sample events in which the range for Sub Ecoregion 45 was exceeded;
however, it appears this was from natural events as discussed below.
Surface water quality at all sampling locations complied with state water quality standards except
for the following parameters: fecal coliform, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen.
All of the golf course sampling locations have had multiple exceedances of the state fecal coliform
standard of 200 CFU/ml over the historical monitoring period. However, similar exceedances
have been also detected at the control sampling locations (SW-1 and SW-2). The fecal coliform
levels are thus more likely to have resulted from natural causes than treated effluent, which is
treated to below 14 CFU/ml.
There has been an occasional exceedance of the state turbidity standard of 50 NTUs in each of the
surface water monitoring stations at all streams including control stations and within the golf
course. Figure 2 shows that the means are relatively uniform across stations with spikes in
concentration. SW-4 appears to have the greatest turbidity levels and these appear to be naturally
occurring from bank erosion (Lenant 2008). At this station, turbidity levels were greatest when
the monitoring program was begun in 2004. Since then, there has been a stready decline in
turbidity levels at SW-4; and since July 2006, turbidity levels have been lower than the state
standard with one minor exception in January 2007 (Table 4). Because control and golf course
sample stations have had exceedances of turbidity, the exceedances are likely unrelated to golf
course activities.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
Dissolved oxygen levels at the control sample stations (SW-1 and SW-2) and the golf course
stations were occasionally below the state minimum threshold of 5 mg/L. At each station in July
2006 and June 2007 dissolved oxygen levels were depressed. SW-5 was dry in June 2007. The
depressed oxygen concentrations were likely the result of very low flows and warm water
temperatures. Reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations were also noted in the months around
July 2006 and June 2007. Depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations in all of the streams were
likely the result of low flows and warm water temperatures. Because control and golf course
sample stations have had depressed oxygen concentrations, the depressed concentrations are
likely unrelated to golf course activities.
Nutrient levels (TKN, nitrate + nitrite nitrogen, and total phosphorus) at the streams in the Project
show no increasing trend over the monitoring period (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Figures 2, 3 and 4
show the similarity across sample stations for the mean and median, and in the overlap of the
distribution of the data between the 25' and 75" percentiles. Mean and median concentrations
were generally low, with an occasional spike in concentration. Spikes in concentration are not
unusual in streams. TKN, for example, exhibited one time spikes of 1.14 mg/L, 2.95 mg/L,
2.37 mg/L and 2.78 mg/L at stations SWA (control station), SW-3, SW-4, and SW-5,
respectively. N03+NO2-N exhibited the greatest spike in concentration (0.98 mg/L) at the control
station, SW-2. And, ammonia nitrogen at station SW-4 exhibited a spike in concentration to
0.94 mg/L (Figure 3). These short lived spikes in concentration were detected in 2005 or 2007
which were times of drought. Droughts often have this effect on concentrations in the water.
Also, the spike in concentrations of TKN and NO3+NO,-N occurred at the control stations and at
the stations within the golf course. The fact that both the control stations and the stations within
the golf course exhibited spikes in concentration indicates that factors other than the golf course
were causing these spikes in concentration.
Pesticides were evaluated by monitoring for chlorpyrifos, propiconazole and mecoprop.
Pesticides were always below the analytical detection level. The detection level for chlorpyrifos
was 0.2 ug/L, propiconazole 2.0 ug/L and mecoprop was 2.5 ug/L. These detection levels are
also well below the threshold response concentration, which are typically the chronic toxicity
values as given in the NOECs (no observed effects concentration) for each pesticide. The ratio of
the NOEC to the detection level was 23, 34 and 9,080 for chlorpyrifos, propiconazole and
mecoprop, respectively. The ratio of 34 for propiconazole, for example, means that the NOEC
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
concentration was 34 times greater than the detection limit. Thus, the methdology used in
assessing pesticides was very conservative in that it would detect concentrations 34 times below
the threshold response concentration.
Sediments
Sediments were examined for total phosphorus to determine if appreciable changes in
concentration have occurred (Table 8). Control sample stations and the golf course stations were
similar over time. Concentrations at control stations ranged from 313 to 744 mg/kg and had an
average concentration of 448 mg/kg. Golf course stations ranged from 250 to 1049 mg/kg and
had an average concentration of 415 mg/kg (Table 8).
Ground Water Quality Data
All historical groundwater monitoring data for GW-1, GW-2, and GW-3 are presented in Tables 9
through 11, respectively. GW-2 is located up-gradient (control station) from the golf course and
GW-1 and GW-3 are within the golf course.
Figures 5 and 6 are box and whisker plots of data that compare the control station (GW-2) to the
stations within the golf course (GW-1 and GW-3). The figures allow one to compare data across
stations. If the distributions at each station overlap one can conclude that the stations are not
different. Data analyses focused on comparing the upstream sample station to the sample stations
located within the golf course.
Groundwater quality parameters met state groundwater standards over the historical monitoring
period except for TDS levels in well GW-1. The data indicate that TDS levels have been near or
above the state standard of 500 mg/L for all sampling events, suggesting that these TDS levels in
groundwater are representative of naturally occurring conditions (Table 9)
The average conductivity at the control sample station (GW-2) was 150 umhos/cm while at GW-3
it was 326 umhos/cm. GW-3 was within the golf course. At GW-1, the average conductivity was
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
888 umhos/cm (Table 9, Figure 5). The conductivity at GW-1 was consistently greater than the
other sample stations over the 5 years of study. GW-1 appears to have naturally elevated
conductance. Concentrations of conductivity and TDS are related; thus, an increase in one is
often seen with an increase in the other. The TDS data support the idea that elevated
concentrations are naturally occurring.
For nitrogen and phosphorus, mean and median concentrations were generally low, with an
occasional spike in concentration. Because of the occasional spike, nutrient data exhibited
relatively large ranges. Total Phosphorus, for example, exhibited spikes in concentration at the
control sample station (0.99 mg/L) and at GW-I (1.02 mg/L). NO3+NO,-N also exhibited spikes
in concentration at the control sample station (0.39 mg/L) and at GW-1 (0.4 mg/L). And,
ammonia nitrogen exhibited a spike in concentration (1.70 mg/L) at the control sample station
(Figure 6). Spikes in concentrations of total phosphorus, N03+NO2-N, and ammonia-N occurred
at the control stations and at the stations within the golf course. The fact that both the control
stations and the stations within the golf course exhibited spikes in concentration indicates that
factors other than the golf course were causing these spikes in concentration.
Pesticides were evaluated by monitoring for chlorpyrifos, propiconazole and mecoprop.
Pesticides were always below the analytical detection level. The detection level for chlorpyrifos
was 0.2 ug/L, propiconazole 2.0 ug/L and mecoprop was 2.5 ug/L. These detection levels are
also well below the threshold response concentration, which are typically the chronic toxicity
values as given in the NOECs (no observed effects concentration) for each pesticide. The ratio of
the NOEC to the detection level was 23, 34 and 9,080 for chlorpyrifos, propiconazole and
mecoprop, respectively. The ratio of 34 for propiconazole, for example, means that the NOEC
concentration was 34 times greater than the detection limit. Thus, the methodology used in
assessing pesticides was very conservative in that it would detect concentrations 34 times below
the threshold response concentration.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data
A summary of the historical Benthic macro invertebrate data for SW-1 through SW-5 is reported
on Table 13. At each station, the number of organisms (Total Taxa), Biotic Index (BI) and BI
Rating has remained relatively constant over the historical monitoring period; and the EPT Taxa
Richness and EPT Abundance have decreased over time. Total Taxa at SW-2, which is a control
station, exhibited a significant decline compared to the other monitoring stations with the greatest
declines occurring in 2004 and 2005 and then leveling out in subsequent years. In general, the
Total Taxa at the golf course stations have had greater numbers of taxa than the controls.
EPT Taxa Richness and EPT Abundance has decreased significantly over the monitoring period
but such decreases are evident in both the control and the golf course stations.
The benthic mcaroinvertebrate data support the conclusion that the golf course is not having an
adverse affect on streams within the Project. This conclusion is based on: 1) the consistency in
trends in the benthic indicator parameters at both the golf course and the control stations; 2) the
fact that total taxa are actually greater at the golf course stations than at the control stations; and
3) the Biotic Index Rating has remained consistent across stations with most ratings being in the
Good-Fair range.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
Summary
Water quality was monitored from 2004 to 2008 at Chapel Ridge Golf Course from locations
both within and upstream of the golf course. Surface water quality has remained consistent at
streams within the Project and exceedances of state surface water quality standards for dissolved
oxygen, turbidity and fecal coliform are representative of natural causes, and not the result of
activities at the Project. The fact that both the control stations and the stations within the golf
course exhibited similar concentrations indicates that factors other than the golf course were
causing these exceedances. Pesticides were not detected in surface water. Nutrient levels in the
Project streams show no increasing trend over the monitoring period and are within the range of
concentrations for streams in Sub Ecoregion 45. All stations, including the control station,
exhibited an occasional spike in nutrient levels over the monitoring period, indicating that factors
other than the golf course were causing these spikes in concentrations. Stream sediment
concentrations of phosphorus were consistent at both control and golf course stations.
Groundwater quality has remained consistent at the Project over the historical monitoring period.
The TDS concentrations at GW-1 above the state groundwater standard are representative of
natural conditions. No pesticides have been detected in groundwater at the Project and there is
no evidence that activities at the Project have had an adverse affect on groundwater quality.
The benthic mccroinvertebrate data support the conclusion that the golf course is not having an
adverse affect on streams within the Project. This conclusion is based on: 1) the consistency in
trends in the benthic indicator parameters at both the golf course and the control stations; 2) the
fact that total taxa are actually greater at the golf course stations than at the control stations; and
3) the Biotic Index Rating has remained consistent across stations with ratings being in the Good-
Fair range.
Because of the similarities between the control stations and golf course stations for surface water,
ground water, sediments and benthic macroinvertebrate data, and because the stream water
quality has remained consistent over time, one can conclude that the golf course is not having an
adverse affect on stream water quality.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
References
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment
Federation. 2006. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21S`, ed.
Washington.
Lenat, D. 2008. Benthic macro invertebrate samples - Chapel Ridge. January 2008. 8 pages.
NCDENR. 2006. Standard Operating Procedures for Benthic Macro invertebrates. Biological
Assessment Unit. July 2006. 42 pages.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Recommendations. Information Supporting the Development of State and Tribal Nutrient
Criteria. Rivers and Streams in Nutrient Ecoregion IX. Office of Water, Washington. EPA 822-13-
00-019.
Footprint Database. 2009. www.eu-footprint.org/ppdb.html.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water
and Wastes. Online manual.
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Chapel Ridge Golf Course
FIGURES
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Figure 1. Sample locations at Chapel Ridge (formerly Buck
Mountain Golf Community).
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Table 7. Comparison of water quality variables in streams at Chapel Ridge Golf Course
to streams in Ecoregion IX, sub-ecoregion 45.
Ecoregion IX, Sub-Ecoregion 45 Streams at Chapel Ridge Golf
Variable Course
Range of observed sample Range of observed sample
concentrations size concentrations size
(mg/L) (mg/L)
Total Kjeldahl 0.025-3.1 338 0.2-2.95 85
Nitrogen (TKN)
NO, + NO3-N 0.003-8.8 327 0.04-0.98 85
Total Phosphorus 0 - 1.4 436 0.04-0.76 85
Turbidity 1.13- 108 391 5 - 700 85
in N O? OMO

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Table 13. Chapel Ridge Golf Course Benthic Macroinverteb rate Monitoring
Summary Organized by Sample Station.

Total taxa EPTTaxa Richness EPTAbundance Biotic index BI rating

SW-1
Dec-04 28 11 40 5.8 Good-Fair
May-05 39 14 63 6.5 Good-Fair
Jan-06 34 6 21 6.5 Good-Fair
Jan-07 35 9 36 5.3 Good
Jan-08 20 5 8 6.7 Good-Fair

SW-2
Dec-04 50 16 53 6.3 Good-Fair
May-05 47 17 85 5.5 Good
Jan-06 22 6 23 5.9 Good-Fair
Jan-07 20 3 5 6.1 Good-Fair
Jan-08 20 1 10 6.5 Good-Fair

SW-3
Dec-04 33 11 62 5.8 Good-Fair
May-05 64 13 64 6.7 Fair
Jan-06 38 6 17 6.6 Fair
Jan-07 38 6 9 6.9 Fair
Jan-08 39 2 2 7.9 Poor

SW-4
Dec-04 37 12 47 5.4 Good
May-05
Jan-06 36
? 35 13
10 88
45 5.8
6.3 Good
Good-Fair
Jan-07 44 10 52 5.4 Good
Jan-08 32 8 29 6.4 Good-Fair

SW-5
Dec-04 13 2 4 6.1 Good-Fair

Note: due to small stream size, sampling was discontinued at SW5 after 2004
Note: changed from MACTEC to David Lenat in 2005
Note: drought years were 2002, 2005, 2007
Chapel Ridge Golf Course
APPENDIX I. Figures showing the phases of the project.
CHAPEL RIDGE
Group,
(.)nt:r l.: r; ( r,mr 1'I<,v. C ?nni f I?;rrz;.
LAND P=LANNING
CIVIL ENGINEEFZING
LAND SUIZ?/EYING
C UJ zeoe+<y'u-, `too 0. Cary, V. G. 2 7,16
i-- 790 ',, [phone]
Exhibit
Phase 1
May 7, 2009
Start 2004
Substantially Complete 2005
ig
-Phase 3 Ia
Lots z
t?
?a
?o
Cteev- Phase 2
Ory Lots
I
Phase 2
Lots -
G
tenancol(
., h
WWTP
`I
\ f{ yl ,r s "L" ,\ \, _
Phase 2 huts
Lots ?"o ov- - - -
House
??.
Amen[y
0Vk ?
NORTH
0 1000' 2000'
CHAPEL RIDGE
Group, Exhibit ?-
___
LAND PLANNING Phase
CIVIL ENGINEERING
LANE SUF-'VEYING May 7, 2009
:000 2eaency ?a way. S,1 4 0. Card. `:. C. 27515
\'cice. (9 9; 567-890 =a. (° i 9) 35?-8"i91
Start 2005
Substantially Complete 2006
°
°
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° ° Lots -?
o ° o
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0
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0
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ee °
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pry Cr ° ° ° °
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0 0
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Course
Phase 1
0
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° Course
Phase 1
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00 0 0 0 o Phase 1
°o 000 °oo
0000
Amenity
Phase 1
NORTH
0 600' 1200'
CHAPEL RIDGE-
Group,,,,.
(:(nrti t.;ti (-nrti 1'(r?. (' ntli f f?,rr:i.
Exhibit
LAND PLANNING
CIVIL ENGINEEF-ING Phase 3
LAND SUiZVEYING
COO ?-y -k-y. s,,:e 4.O. Cary, N.C. 27516
e epee (s:9j 3s7-e7s0 =,, [phone] May 7, 2009
Start 2006
Substantially Complete 2007
Phase 2
Lots
Golf
Course
Phase 1
Phase 1
Lots
NORTH
0 GOO, 1200'
Group,,,,,.
LAND PLANNING
CIVIL ENGINEERING
LAND SURVEYING
o0o Rey- --y. rube a 1 o, -y, m.c - 2, i b
-- (9: 9; 3G? 6730 ,, (919) 367879!
CHAPEL K T DGE
( :(,ucc
Exhibit
Phase 1, 2 and 3
Overall
May 7, 2009
Start 2004
Substantially Complete 2007

Golf
Maintenance /
WWTP
? ??LCI 71 ri ?-_?.
?_. .i C>y
0
10!0;?
NORTH
0 1000, 2000'