20011689 Ver 5_More Info Received_20051206

THE LOUIS BERGER GROUP, INC.
1513 Walnut Street, Suite 250, Cary, North Carolina 27511
Tel [phone] Fax [phone] www.louisberger.com
December 5, 2005,
Mr. Ian McMillan
DENR, Division of Water Quality
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604
Dear Mr. McMillan:
Enclosed please find the latest information made available to us regarding the proposed Wendell
Falls Parkway
I look forward to our meeting scheduled for December 13th at your office.
Sincerely,

Julie Flesch-Pate
Senior Environmental Planner
The Louis Berger Group
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTT~IENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
October 27, 2005
Mr. Dean D. Hatfield, PE
Director of Transportation Engineering
The Louis Berger Group, Inc.
1513 Walnut Street, Suite 250
Cary; North Carolina 27511
Dear Mr. Hatfield:
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
We have reviewed the request from Mercury Development for the Department of
~-.: -: • Transportation to request DWQ and the COE~to extend the expiration date of the 404 and
401 permits for Project R-2547. This extension would allow time for Mercury
Development to pursue the planning, design, funding, and construction of a possible
interchange at the US 64 Bypass and Wendell Falls Parkway. The department's permit
has an expiration date of December 2006.
Dave Henderson, State Hydraulics Engineer, reviewed the project information provided
by our Natural Environment Unit. It was determined that environmental impacts for the
full construction of a future interchange "by others", as noted on Project Construction
Plans, was not part. of the .permit for R-2547C. Some areas were accounted for in the
project permit summary since they were incidental to construction of DOT's project, i.e.
ramp and loop tie ins to the mainline. The interchange construction would have
additional impacts in jurisdictional areas particularly buffer zone encroachment. At least
one site shown on the March 22, .2002 permit drawings show a future bridge,structure,
which does not span the entire buffer zone in compliance with a department policy memo,
dated June 5, 2002.
Due to the above information, the department will not formally request an extension of
the R-2547C permit. If you have additional questions regarding the permit, you may
contact Dave Henderson at [phone] or Phil Harris with the Natural Environment
Unit at [phone].
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATOR '
1536 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1536
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.DON.DOT.STATE.NC.US
' • LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUfH W0.MINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC

Mr. Dean D. Hatfield
October 27, 2005
Page 2
We are reviewing the request from Mercury Development for an agreement for the
interchange construction and will respond in the near future with our comments. If I can
be of further assistance, please let me know.
Sincerely,
Len A. Sanderson, P.E.
State. Highway Administrator
LAS/alh
cc: Deborah Barbour, P.E., Director of Preconstruction
Jon Nance, P.E., Division 5 Engineer
Greg Thorpe, Director of Project Development Environmental Analysis
Calvin Leggett, P.E., Manager, Program Development Branch
Dave Henderson, P.E., State Hydraulics Engineer

THE Louis Berger Group, INC.
1513 Walnut Street, Suite 250, Cary, North Carolina 27511
Tel [phone] Fax [phone]
October 11, 2005
Mr. Len Sanderson, PE
State Highway Administrator -DOT
1536 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699
Subject: Proposed US 64 Bypass Interchange with Wendell Falls Parkway
Request for COE/DWQ Permit Extension (R-2547) Wake County
Dear Mr. Sanderson:
Mercury Development (Mercury) understands the 404 and 401 permits held by the Department for TIP
Project R-2547 expire on December 31, 2005. With this letter Mercury is asking the Department to make
a formal request to DWQ and the COE to extend the expiration date of the permit. We suggest at least a
four year extension. The additional time will allow for planning, design, and potential construction
associated for the planned interchange to occur.
This direction is based upon recent conversations between Ms. Sandy Nance, Ms. Rachelle Beauregard
with PDEA's Environmental Unit and engineering representatives for Mercury. We understand this is the
best direction given the current date and rapidly approaching end of 2005.
The primary reason for the extension is based updn'our on-going discussions with the Department and
the fact that an agreement has not yet been finalized. Given the current situation of transportation
funding, the Department would not want to miss the opportunity to potentially have an approved
interchange constructed as a benefit to the State.
An agreement between Mercury and the Department will be finalized upon further understanding and we
are prepared to forward a draft for your further consideration. If you have additional questions or need
additional information please do not hesitate to contact me at 467-3885, Ext 25.
Sincerely,
The Louis Berger Group, Inc.
~~~
Dean D. Hatfield, PE
Director of Transportation Engineering
G. Ferguson, Mercury Development
R. Beauregard, PDEA
K. Robbins, Withers & Ravenel
S. Lane / ]. Flesh-Pate, Louis Berger
The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Page 1

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~~ Proposed US 64 Bypass
Limits of Overall Study Area
Property Line
Hodge Road Interchange Study Area
Smithfield Road Interchange Study Area
~-.... Knightdole-Eagle Rock Road Interchange Study Area
~1 US 64 Interchonge Study Area
OMBBNOPi+EH ROAD
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~~ ~ WENDELL FALLS PARKWAY
O ~--j WAKE COUNTY
EXHIBIT A WENDELL, NC

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nol In Thorough(ora Flon
ain~
"' _• Town of Knightdale
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US 64 Knightdale Bypass
Interchan e Stud
~ Y
Wake County, North Carolina
Knightdale-Eagle Rock Road
Interchange Study Area
r.~,l + . - Exhibit 2.4
Page 35

1PPROXIMATE) 600 ACRES
~TROL (1018.11 ACRES)
ATION (372.38 ACRES) O
\LL -PRELIMINARY (223.30 ACRES) ~/_--.~~~,
)JECT-APPROXIMATE- 1390.49 ACRES

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LEGEND
LAIN LINE (100 YEAR FLOOD)
U N DARY
_USE RIVER 50' BUFFER
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. Jon G. Nance, P.E.
Division 5 Engineer
FROM: Philip S. Harris, III, P.E., Manager 4q~~ ~----~
Office of the Natural Environment
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
SUBJECT: Wake; Division 5; US 64 from New Hope Road SR 2306 to Existing US
64 near SR 1003; State Project No. 8.1402202; TIP Project No. R-2547
BA and CC
Attached is the modification of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Individua1404 and 401 Permit
conditions for the above referenced project. All environmental permits have been received for the
construction of this project.
PSH/gyb
Attachment
March 28, 2005
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
cc: Mr. Art McMillan, P.E.
Mr. Omar Sultan
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E.
Mr. David Chang, P.E.
Mr. Randy Garris, P.E.
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E.
Mr. Mark Staley
Mr. John F. Sullivan, III, FHWA
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO
Ms. Cathy Houser, PE
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX [phone]
WEBSI7E: WWW.DOT.ORG
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC

PROJECT COMMITMENTS
US 64 from New Hope Rd. SR 2306 to Existing US 64 near SR 1003;
Wake County
State Project No.: 8.1402202
Federal Aid Project No.: NHF-DPI-0199(004)
TIP No.: R-2547BA and CC
In addition to the standard Individual Section 404 and 401 Permit Conditions, State
Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for
Protection of Surface Waters, the following special commitments have been agreed to by
NCDOT:
Commitments Developed through Permit Modifications
No new permit conditions are stated in the attached permit. All other conditions
written into previous Water Quality Certifications and Neuse River Riparian Buffer
Certifications for this project still apply.
Green Sheet Page 1 of 1
March 28, 2005

..
• ~~~`~~~~ DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402-1890
IN REPLY REFER TO February 16, 2005
Regulatory Division
Action ID. 200220819; TIP No. R-2547
Dr. Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
N.C. Department of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
REC~iVED
MAR 18 2005
p~~ /~~DI~'~/~~'~I'OA~F+Np!u~~Cf~rI~Y~S
~ VCJ1'Vf f ~ V'~ 15A1 ~fiF~ Gtr 1 ~f
Reference the Department of the Army permit issued on Apri125, 2002, subsequently
modified on May 4, 2004, for the discharge of fill material in waters of the United States,
including wetlands, to facilitate construction of the US 64 Knightdale Bypass (T.I.P. No.
R-2547), in the Neuse River basin, Wake County, North Carolina. Reference also your written
request of December 13, 2004, for additional permit modification to impact an additional 10
linear feet of stream for extension of a pipe to accommodate an access driveway, at Site 19, in
Section BA of TIP No. R-2547.
We have reviewed your proposal and have determined that impacts are temporary or
relatively minor, and an additional public notice is not necessary. Therefore, the permit is
hereby modified to include the work as shown on the enclosed plans, subject to the following
additional special condition:
xx. Compensatory mitigation for the unavoidable impacts to an additional 10 linear feet
of stream associated with the proposed project shall be provided by the Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (EEP), as outlined in the letter dated December 8, 2004 from William D. Gilmore, EEP
Transition Manager. Pursuant to the EEP Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the
State of North Carolina and the US Army Corps of Engineers signed on July 22, 2003, the EEP
will provide 20 linear feet of restoration equivalent warm water stream channel in the Neuse
River basin (Hydrologic Cataloging Unit 03020201) by one year of the date of this permit.
The NCDOT shall, within 30 days of the issue date of this permit, certify that sufficient funds
have been provided to EEP to complete the required mitigation,~pursuant to Paragraph V. of the
MOA.

It is understood that all other conditions of the original permit remain applicable and that
the expiration date is unchanged. Please note that the current permit expiration date is December
31, 2005.
If you have questions, please contact Eric Alsmeyer of the Raleigh Regulatory Field
Office, at telephone [phone], extension 23.
Sincerely,
~--
rJ Charles R. Alexander, Jr.
Colonel, U.S. Army
District Engineer
Enclosure
Copies Furnished with enclosure:
Mr. John Hennessy
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Mr. Jon Nance
Division Engineer
NCDOT, Division of Highways, Division 5
2612 Duke Street
Durham, North Carolina 27704
Mr. Chris Murray
Division Environmental Supervisor
NCDOT, Division of Highways, Division 5
2612 Duke Street
Durham, North Carolina 27704
William D. Gilmore, P.E.
Transition Manager
Division of Ecosystem Enhancement
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
2

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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
W AgE COUNTY
PROJECT:8~I~(OS202 at-25i7BA)
US 64 BYPASS FROM i-~(~40
'I`O NEW HOPE ROAD
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IMPACT SUMMARY
WETUWD IMPACTS 6URFACE WATER IMPACTS BUFFER IMPACTS

Sie
Mo.
Sletion

Fr o
Siruciure
Sire
Fill In
VJetlenas
e
Temp. FIII
In Wetlands
a
Exc~veCan
in Wetten6s
e Methsnized
CioaArp
(Method Iln
Fill in SW
(Naturs~
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FLI to SW
(Pond)
Temp. Fill
In SW E>dsUnp
Charmed
Impeded
m
Relocated
Ohannet
m
Erxlosed
Channel
m
Zone
1
s A
Zorn
2
1 SEE SITE 100 E SECTION R•2547C FOR IMPACTS
2 SEE SfTE 10 O F SECTION R•251TC FOR IMPACTS
3 149 r78 -L- 1 BOOmm RCP
A rovedim 0.13 89 85 0.169 O.i11
Addltbnal acts 0.002 0.003
Total rovised im 0.181 0.114
4 154+78.5 •L• 1 2.4m X 2.1 RCBC 0.18 380 240 117 0.51 0.39
5 154x80-L- 0.092 ~ 0.002
8 158.71.8 •L• 1 2.am X 2.4m RC$C 0.032 144 128 0.243 0.159
788 i3+82•RPCY7 800 RCP 0.03 145 Sib 0~ 0.2
9 6+15-RP8DY1 1200 RCP 0.021 130 SOB 0.44] 0.147
f0 15F10-RPCYf• 1350 RCP 0.024 150 9 82 0.277 0.15
11 iB4+80-L- 0.024 0.029
12 165+40 -L- 0.002 0.008
13 12+00 -Y3- i350 RGP 0.018 26 43 0.028 0.042
14 180+80 •L• 2 750 PIPES 0.014 42 40 0.06b O.OSI

TOTALS hedarelmWer 0.11@ 0 0 0.029 0.459 0 0 1128 289 880 1.82& 1.256
BClalICCI V.LY V.VV V.W V.VI
Srte 3 inpads Zone 1 'Lone 2
approved impacts (eq rty i7, 115 11,f'•48
additional impeedt (err fly 204 280
total revised tmpeds (sq It) 1),139 12,228
I.IJ
N.C. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DMSION OF HlGFNJAYS
WAKE COUNTY
PROJECT: 8.1402202 (R-Y34TCC)
23 OF

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O'uchargc is oooside.ned to 6e vested J It iueett the foUowlna uiteria: Dm. By: JQD
100 ft. d pne swak for tray 1 we of drainage area. AND Chaek: SDO
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6 ISA 153+10 RT BDOS 0.35 0.9 665 2b NA NA NA YES NA NA NA NA OFIiS1TE
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6 t5C 152•t60RT 2011 ala 0.1 29.7 4 3D OA16 ba YES D.63 157 1.11 1.6'7 GS
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6 11 ISOt40A1Rn 2Gl 0.41 1.0 1013 31 140 0.01 6:1 YES 3.71 1.94 5.11 2.10 (iS

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~ ~IATF .richael F. Easley, Governor
\O~~ qQG William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Cq r Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
]_ ,~ Division of Water Quality
O "C
~-;,1~/ ~~1 t:hCi
January 27, 2005
Wake County
DWQ Project No. 01168
TIP No. R-2547 ~ ~r ~ ~ ~~
Dr. Greg Thorpe, PhD., Manager
Planning & Environmental Branch
N.C. Department of Transportation Ff8 2 2DD5
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699-1548 Q~',~c~n~a ~~. F~i~~NA'rS
PDEA-0FFICEGF„?;r~pq- E'rV
Dear Dr. Thorpe: ~~
Re: Modification to Certification Pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act and the Neuse River
Riparian Rules, Proposed US 64 Bypass of Knightdale from I-440 (Raleigh Beltline) to existing US 64 near SR
1003, I-440 from 0.83 miles south of US 64 to Poole Road and a portion of the East Wake Expressway from
existing US 64 to the proposed US 64 Bypass in Wake County (TIP R-2547).
WQC Project No. 011689
Attached hereto is a modification to Certification No. 3377 issued to the North Carolina Department of
Transportation on April 10, 2002. The attached modification authorizes changes to the project design as
described in your submittal dated December 13, 2004. The modification authorizes a modification to the
horizontal alignment design for the project Section BA, an additional 10 linear feet of jurisdictional stream
impacts and 481 square feet of Zone 1 and 414 square feet of Zone 2 buffer impacts for the project Section BA,
and additiona1204 square feet of Zone 1 and 280 square feet of Zone 2 buffer impacts for the project Section
CC.. The only modifications to the design of the project authorized by this certification are those submitted in
your December 13, 2004 application. All the authorized activities and conditions of certification associated
with the original Water Quality Certification dated April 10, 2002 and all other corresponding modifications
still apply except where superceded by this certification.
If we can be of further assistance, do not hesitate to contact Nicole Thomson at 919-715-3415.
Sincerely,
/)~ ~~y,
' J1 c.. >1
Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
Director
Attachments:
Modification to WQC No. 3377
cc: Wilmington District US Army Corps of Engineers
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Field Office
Mr. Jon G. Nance, PE, Division 5 Engineer, 2612. N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 Environmental Officer, 2612 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
DWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Central Files
File Copy
iVo hCarolina
Transportation Permitting UnR ,~aturallf
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NoM Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabhee Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27600
Phone: [phone] FAX [phone] Internet h~J/h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
An Equal OpportunitylAffinnative Adion Empbyer - 50% Recyded/10% Post Consumer Paper

NORTH CAROLINA 401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION
THIS CERTIFICATION is issued in conformity with the requirements of Section 401 Public Laws 92-500 and
95-217 of the United States and subject to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) Regulations in 15
NCAC 2)=I, Section .0500. Attached hereto is a modification to Certification No. 3377 issued to the North Carolina
Department of Transportation on April 10, 2002. The attached modification authorizes changes to the project design
as described in your submittal dated December 13, 2004. The modification authorizes the following:
Site Location Action taken Steam Riparian Buffer Riparian Buffer
Impacts (ft.) Impacts Zone 1 Impacts Zone 2
(s . ft.) (s . ft.)
Section BA; Site 4 . New Hope Road Horizontal Alignment -from - 0 0 0
Y1REV-Sta 15+45.467 to 17+32.782
Section BA, Site Sta 17+32.782; pipe extension for driveway 10 481 414
19
Section CC, Site 3 Grass Swale construction at Sta 150+30-L- 0 204 280
Total Addtional 10 685 694
Im acts
The only modifications to the design of the project authorized by this certification are those submitted in your
December 13, 2004. All the authorized activities and conditions of certification associated with the original-Water
Quality Certification dated April 10, 2002 and all other corresponding modifications still apply except where
superceded by this certification.
The application provides adequate assurance that the proposed impacts to the stream and riparian buffer zones in
conjunction with the proposed development will not result in a violation of applicable Water Quality Standards and
dischazge guidelines. Therefore, the State of North Carolina certifies that this activity will not violate the applicable
portions of Sections 301, 302, 303, 306, 307 of PL 92-500 and PL 95-217 if conducted in accordance with the
application and conditions hereinafter set forth.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you submitted in your application, as described in the
Public Notice. Should your project change, you aze required to notify the DWQ and submit a new application. If
the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and approval letter, and is thereby
responsible for complying with all the conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future exceed
one acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this
approval to remain valid, you are required to comply with all the conditions listed below. In addition, you should
obtain all other federal, state or local permits before proceeding with your project including (but not limited to)
Sediment and Erosion control, Coastal Stormwater, Non-discharge and Water Supply watershed regulations.
Condition(s) of Certification:
Construction will be conducted in such a manner as to prevent a significant increase in turbidity outside
the area of construction or construction-related discharge. Erosion and sediment control practices must be
in full compliance with all specifications governing the proper design, installation and operation and
maintenance of such Best Management Practices in order to assure compliance with the appropriate
turbidity water quality standard.
a. The erosion and sediment control measures for the project must equal or exceed the proper design,
installation, operation and maintenance outlined in the most recent version of the North Carolina Sediment
and Erosion Control Planning and Design Manual. These devices shall be maintained on all construction
sites, borrow sites, and waste pile (spoil) projects, including contractor-owned or leased borrow pits
associated with the project.
b. For borrow pit sites, the erosion and sediment control measures must equal or exceed the proper
design, installation, operation and maintenance outlined in the most recent version of the North Carolina

Surface Mining Manual. The reclamation measures and implementation must comply with the
reclamation in accordance with the requirements of the Sedimentation Pollution Control Act.
2. There shall be no excavation from or waste disposal into jurisdictional wetlands or waters associated with
this permit without appropriate modification of this permit. Should waste or borrow sites be located in
wetlands or stream, compensatory mitigation will be required since it is a duect impact from road
construction activities;
3. No live or fresh concrete shall come into contact with waters of the state until the concrete has hardened.
4. All sediment and erosion control measures shall not be placed in wetlands or waters to the maximum
extent practicable. If placement of sediment and erosion control devices in wetlands and waters is
unavoidable, they shall be removed and the natural grade restored after the Division of Land Resources
has released the project;
5. No additional compensatory mitigation is required as a result of this certification.
6. All stormwater runoff shall be directed to sheetflow through stream buffers at nonerosive velocities, unless
approved otherwise by this certification.
7. During the construction of the project, no staging of equipment of any kind is permitted in waters of the
U.S., or protected riparian buffers.
8. Riparian vegetation must be reestablished within the construction limits of the project by the end of the
growing season following completion of construction.
9. The dimension, pattern and profile of the stream above and below the crossing should not be modified by
widening the stream channel or reducing the depth of the stream. Disturbed floodplains and streams
should be restored to natural geomorphic conditions.
10. Any riprap used must not interfere with thalweg performance and aquatic life passage during low flow
conditions.
11. All mechanized equipment operated neaz surface waters must be regularly inspected and maintained to
prevent contamination of stream waters from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
12. Dischazging hydroseed mixtures and washing out hydroseeders and other equipment in or adjacent to
surface waters is prohibited.
13. Compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts to 10 lineaz feet of stream shall be done at a
replacement ratio of 1:1. Applying a replacement ratio of 1:1, total mitigation for 10 linear feet of stream
shall be provided for in Cataloging Unit 03020201 of the Neuse River Basin by the Ecosystem
Enhancement Program (EEP) as outlined in the letter dated 8 December 2004.

14. Mitigation for impacts to 685 squaze feet of protected riparian buffers in Zone 1 and 694 square feet of
protected riparian buffers in Zone 2 will be mitigated for as described below:
Zone of
Im act Impacts
S uare Feet) Replacement
Ratio Total Square Feet of
Miti ation Re aired
Zone 1 685 3:1 2,055
Zone 2 694 1.5:1 1,041
Total 1 79 3 096
We understand that you have chosen to perform compensatory mitigation for impacts to protected buffers through
an in lieu payment to the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP), and that the EEP has agreed
to implement the mitigation for the project. Mitigation for unavoidable impacts to Neuse Riparian Buffers shall be
provided through an in-lieu payment to the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) at a rate of
$0.96 per square foot for 3,096 squaze feet of buffer impact. Therefore, a total payment of $ 2972.16 shall be
submitted to the NCEEP to offset the impacts. No construction activities in Neuse River Riparian buffers shall
begin until payment for buffer mitigation is made and the Ecosystem Enhancement Program receives and clears
your check (made payable to DENR -Ecosystem Enhancement Program).
15. Pursuant to NCAC 15A 2B.0233(6), sediment and erosion control devices shall not be placed in Zone 1 of
any Neuse Buffer without prior approval by the NCDWQ. At this time, the NCDWQ has approved no
sediment and erosion control devices in Zone 1, outside of approved project impacts, anywhere on this
project. Moreover, sediment and erosion control devices shall be allowed in Zone 2 of the buffers
provided that Zone 1 is not compromised and that discharge is released as diffuse flow.
16. The outside buffer, wetland or water boundary located within the construction corridor approved by this
authorization shall be cleazly mazked by highly visible fabric fencing prior to any land disturbing
activities. Impacts to areas within the fencing are prohibited unless otherwise authorized by this
certification.
17. NCDOT, and its authorized agents, shall conduct its activities in a manner consistent with State water
quality standards (including any requirements resulting from compliance with §303(d) of the Clean Water
Act) and any other appropriate requirements of State law and Federal law. If DWQ determines that such
standards or laws are not being met (including the failure to sustain a designated or achieved use) or that
State or federal law is being violated, or that further conditions aze necessary to assure compliance, DWQ
may reevaluate and modify this certification to include conditions appropriate to assure compliance with
such standards and requirements in accordance with 15A NCAC 2H.0507(d). Before modifying the
certification, DWQ shall notify NCDOT and the US Army Corps of Engineers, provide public notice in
accordance with 15A NCAC 2H.0503 and provide opportunity for public heazing in accordance with 15A
NCAC 2H.0504. Any new or revised conditions shall be provided to NCDOT in writing, shall be
provided to the United States Army Corps of Engineers for reference in any permit issued pursuant to
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and shall also become conditions of the 404 Permit for the project.
18. A copy of this Water Quality Certification shall be posted on the construction site at all times. In addition,
the Water Quality Certification (and all subsequent modifications, if any, shall be maintained with the
Division Engineer and the on-site project manager.
19. All other conditions written into previous Water Quality Certifications and Neuse River Riparian Buffer
Certifications for this project still apply.

Violations of any condition herein set forth shall result in revocation of this Certification and may result
in criminal and/or civil penalties. This Certification shall become null and void unless the above
conditions are made conditions of the Federa1404 and/or coastal Area Management Act Permit. This
Certification shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or CAIVIA permit.
If this Certification is unacceptable to you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within sixty
(60) days following receipt of this Certification. This request must be in the form of a written petition conforming to
Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box
27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. If modifications are made to an original Certification, you have the right to an
adjudicatory hearing on the modifications upon written request within sixty (60) days following receipt of the
Certification. Unless such demands are made, this Certification shall be final and binding.
This the 27`" day of January 2005
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
Director
Modification to WQC No. 3377
c:\Cotrespondence\DWQ01168910] 1689wgcmoc012105.doc

ar~E~~
'~~
>~d~
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPAR'TIVIENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. Jon G. Nance, P.E.
Division 5 Engineer
FROM: Philip S. Harris, III, P.E., Manager ~ 4~r-
Office of the Natural Environment ~~~~
Project Development and
Environmental Analysis Branch
SUBJECT: Wake County; Division 5; Proposed US 64 Bypass of Knightdale from
I-440 (Raleigh Beltline) to existing US 64 near SR 1003, I-440 form 0.83
miles south of US 64 to Poole Road and a portion of the East Wake
Expressway from existing US 64 to the proposed US 64 Bypass in Wake
County; State Project No. 8.1402202; TIP Project No. R-2547
Attached is an addendum to the modification to WQC No. 3377.
PSH/gyb
Attachment
October 11, 2004
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
cc: Mr. Art McMillan, P.E.
Mr. Omar Sultan
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E.
Mr. David Chang, P.E.
Mr. Randy Gams, P.E.
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E.
Mr. Mark Staley
Mr. John F. Sullivan, III, FHWA
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 DEO
Ms. Cathy Houser, PE
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1598 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1598
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.DOT.ORG
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC

PROJECT COMMITMENTS
US 64 from New Hope Rd. SR 2306 to Existing US 64 near SR 1003;
Wake County
State Project No.: 8.1402202
Federal Aid Project No.: NHF-DPI-0199(004)
TIP No.: R-2547
In addition to the standard Individual Section 404 and 401 Permit Conditions, State
Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best Management Practices for
Protection of Surface Waters, the following special commitments have been agreed to by
NCDOT:
Commitments Developed through Permit Modifications
No new permit conditions are stated in the attached permit. All other conditions
written into previous Water Quality Certifications and Neuse River Riparian Buffer
Certifications for this project still apply.
Green Sheet
October 11, 2004
Page 1 of 1
y~

o`'~~ War~9QG
~' r
o ~
Dr. Greg Thorpe, PhD., Manager
Planning & Environmental Branch
N.C. Depaztment of Transportation
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699-1548
Dear Dr. Thorpe:
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
September 27, 2004
Wake County
DWQ Project No. 011689
TIP No. R-2547
RECEIVED
S EP ~3 2004
~~ OF ~
~~~~~~~
Re: Addendum to Certification Pursuant to Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act and the Neuse River
Riparian Rules, Proposed US 64 Bypass of Knightdale from I-440 (Raleigh Beltline) to existing US 64 near SR
1003, I-440 from 0.83 miles south of US 64 to Poole Road and a portion of the East Wake Expressway from
existing US 64 to the proposed US 64 Bypass in Wake County (TIP R-2547).
WQC Project No. 011689
Attached hereto is an addendum to the modification to Certification No. 3377 issued to the North Carolina
Department of Transportation on April 10, 2002. The attached modification authorizes changes to the project
design as described in your submittal dated August 9, 2004. The modification authorizes a modification to the
stormwater/hydraulic design for the project Section BB. The only modifications to the design of the project
authorized by this certification are those submitted in your August 9, 2004 application. All the authorized
activities and conditions of certification associated with the original Water Quality Certification dated April
10, 2002 and all other corresponding modifications still apply except where superceded by this certification.
If we can be of further assistance, do not hesitate to contact Nicole Thomson at 919-715-3415.
Si ere ,
~.
t~`
•' Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
Director
Attachments:
Modification to WQC No. 3377
cc: Wilmington District US Army Corps of Engineers
Mr. Eric Alsmeyer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Raleigh Field Office
Mr. Jon G. Nance, PE, Division 5 Engineer, 2612 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
Mr. Chris Murray, Division 5 Environmental Officer, 2612 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27704
DWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Central Files
File Copy
No Cazolina
Transportation Permitting Unit ~tllCll~~l,/
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699.1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] /FAX [phone]ntemet: httD:/lh2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Actlon Empbyer - 50% Recycled/t0~o Post Consumer Paper

• NORTH CAROLINA 401 WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION
-.:: '~
'THIS ~CZ;RTI~'ICATION is issued in conformity with the requirements of Section 401 Public Laws 92-500 and
95-217 of the United States and subject to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) Regulations in 15
NCAC 2H, Section .0500. Attached hereto is a modification to Certification No. 3377 issued to the North Carolina
Department of Transportation on April 10, 2002. The attached modification authorizes changes to the project design
as described in your submittal dated August 9, 2004. The modification authorizes inlet number 51 to be moved back
line to:station."59 + 10 and the 375mm pipe redirected toward inlet 52B. The only modifications to the design of the
prpj~ct,authorized by this certification are those submitted in your August 9, 2004. All the authorized activities and
conditions of certification associated with the original Water Quality Certification dated April 10, 2002 and all other
corresponding modifications still apply except where superceded by this certification.
The application provides adequate assurance that the discharge of fill material into the proposed wetlands in
conjunction with the proposed development wilt not result in a violation of applicable Water Quality Standards and
discharge guidelines. Therefore, the State of North Carolina certifies that this activity will not violate the applicable
portions of Sections 301, 302, 303, 306, 307 of PL 92-500 and PL 95-217 if conducted in accordance with the
application and conditions hereinafter set forth.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you submitted in your application, as described in the
Public Notice. Should your project change, you are required to notify the DWQ and submit a new application. If
the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of this Certification and approval letter, and is thereby
responsible for complying with all the conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future exceed
one acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506 (h) (6) and (7). For this
approval to remain valid, you are required to comply with all the conditions listed below. In addition, you should
obtain all other federal, state or local permits before proceeding with your project including (but not limited to)
Sediment and Erosion control, Coastal Stormwater, Non-discharge and Water Supply watershed regulations.
Condition(s) of Certification:
1. Construction will be conducted in such a manner as to prevent a significant increase in turbidity outside
the area of construction or construction-related discharge. Erosion and sediment control practices must be
in full compliance with all specifications governing the proper design, installation and operation and
maintenance of such Best Management Practices in order to assure compliance with the appropriate
turbidity water quality standard.
a. The erosion and sediment control measures for the project must equal or exceed the proper design,
installation, operation and maintenance outlined in the most recent version of the North Carolina Sediment
and Erosion Control Planning and Design Manual. These devices shall be maintained on all construction
sites, borrow sites, and waste pile (spoil) projects, including contractor-owned or leased borrow pits
associated with the project.
b. For borrow pit sites, the erosion and sediment control measures must equal or exceed the proper
design, installation, operation and maintenance outlined in the most recent version of the North Carolina
Surface Mining Manual. The reclamation measures and implementation must comply with the
reclamation in accordance with the requirements of the Sedimentation Pollution Control Act.
2. There shall be no excavation from or waste disposal into jurisdictional wetlands or waters associated with
this permit without appropriate modification of this permit. Should waste or borrow sites be located in
wetlands or stream, compensatory mitigation will be required since it is a direct impact from road
construction activities;

3. No live or fresh concrete shall come into contact with waters of the state until the concrete has hardened.
4. All sediment and erosion control measwes shall not be placed in wetlands or waters to the maximum
extent practicable. If placement of sediment and erosion control devices in wetlands and waters is
unavoidable, they shall be removed and the natural grade restored after the Division of Land Resowces
has released the project;
5. No additional compensatory mitigation is required as a result of this certification.
6. All stormwater runoff shall be directed to sheetflow through stream buffers at nonerosive velocities, unless
approved otherwise by this certification.
7. During the construction of the project, no staging of equipment of any kind is permitted in waters of the
U.S., or protected riparian buffers.
8. No changes to the horizontal or vertical placement of the stormwater outfall locations, the horizontal or
vertical placement of the culverts, the horizontal or vertical placement of bridges, the horizontal or vertical
placement of grassed swales, or the horizontal or vertical placement of open ditches is permitted without
written approval from the NC Division of Water Quality 401 Wetlands Unit. In addition, no changes to
the flow spreader locations or designs, preformed scow hole locations or designs are penmitted without
written approval from the NC Division of Water Quality 401 Wetlands Unit. Any request for changes to
the referenced items above will require submittal of a modification request, with seven copies, and
corresponding fees will need to be submitted to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality.
9. Riparian vegetation must be reestablished within the construction limits of the project by the end of the
growing season following completion of construction.
10. The dimension, pattern and profile of the stream above and below the crossing should not be modified by
widening the stream channel or reducing the depth of the stream. Distwbed floodplains and streams
should be restored to natwal geomorphic conditions.
11. Any riprap used must not interfere with thalweg performance and aquatic life passage during low flow
conditions.
12. All mechanized equipment operated near swface waters must be regularly inspected and maintained to
prevent contamination of stream waters from fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials.
13. Dischazging hydroseed mixtwes and washing out hydroseeders and other equipment in or adjacent to
surface waters is prohibited.
14. Pwsuant to NCACISA 2B.0233(6), sediment and erosion control devices shall not be placed in Zone 1 of
any Neuse Buffer without prior approval by the NCDWQ. At this time, the NCDWQ has approved no
sediment and erosion control devices in Zone 1 anywhere on this project. Moreover, sediment and erosion
control devices shall be allowed in Zone 2 of the buffers provided that Zone 1 is not compromised and that
discharge is released as diffuse flow.
15. The outside buffer, wetland or water boundazy located within the construction corridor approved by this
authorization shall be clearly marked by orange fabric fencing prior to any land disturbing activities.
Impacts to areas within the fencing are prohibited unless otherwise authorized by this certification.
16. NCDOT, and its authorized agents, shall conduct its activities in a manner consistent with State water
quality standards (including any requirements resulting from compliance with §303(d) of the Clean Water
Act) and any other appropriate requirements of State law and Federal law. If DWQ determines that such

standards or laws are not being met (including the failure to sustain a designated or achieved use) or that
State or federal law is being violated, or that further conditions are necessary to assure compliance, DWQ
may reevaluate and modify this certification to include conditions appropriate to assure compliance with
such standards and requirements in accordance with 15A NCAC 2H.0507(d). Before modifying the
certification, DWQ shall notify NCDOT and the US Army Corps of Engineers, provide public notice in
accordance with 15A NCAC 2H.0503 and provide opportunity for public hearing in accordance with 15A
NCAC 2H.0504. Any new or revised conditions shall be provided to NCDOT in writing, shall be
provided to the United States Army Corps of Engineers for reference in any permit issued pursuant to
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and shall also become conditions of the 404 Permit for the project.
17. A copy of this Water Quality Certification shall be posted on the construction site at all times. In addition,
the Water Quality Certification (and all subsequent modifications, if any, shall be maintained with the
Division Engineer and the on-site project manager.
18. All other conditions written into previous Water Quality Certifications and Neuse River Riparian Buffer
Certifications for this project still apply.
Violations of any condition herein set forth shall result in revocation of this Certification and may result
in criminal and/or civil penalties. This Certification shall become null and void unless the above
conditions are made conditions of the Federal 404 and/or coastal Area Management Act Permit. This
Certification shall expire upon expiration of the 404 or LAMA permit.
If this Certification is unacceptable to you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within sixty
(60) days following receipt of this Certification. This request must be in the form of a written petition conforming to
Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Box
27447, Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7447. If modifications are made to an original Certification, you have the right to an
adjudicatory hearing on the modifications upon written request within sixty (60) days following receipt of the
Certification. Unless such demands are made, this Certification shall be final and binding.
This the 27`s day of September 2004
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
~~~ ,,
Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
Duector
Modification to WQC No. 3377
c:\Correspondence\D WQ011689\011689wgcmocOS.doc

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~,
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SR' 2501 ~ '~'~
o ~ ,~ z~
TAYLOR RD.
SR- 2502
~~~
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2,~~~
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~ ,.. 6 FALLS PARKWAY
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PROPOSED -
BY DEVELOPER
S
~l,5~ LAKE MYRA DEVELOPMENT
'A >~ US 64 INTERCHANGE w /
~c~~ ~ WENDELL FALLS PARKWAY
O WAKE COUNTY
EXHIBIT A WENDELL, NC

Re: Wendall Falls Meeting with Todd Preuninger 10:30am, April 3, 2006
Subject: Re: Wendall Falls Meeting with Todd Preuninger 10:30am, Apri13, 2006
From: John Hennessy <[e-mail]>
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 10:47:27 -0500
To: Ian McMillan <[e-mail]>
CC: "nic » \"nicole.thomson » Nicole Thomson\"" <[e-mail]>, amy Chapman
<Amy. Chapman@ncmai l . net>
Interchange is part of the application. Otherwise, there is no way to access the
road.
Ian McMillan wrote:
Wendall Falls Meeting with Todd Preuninger 10:30am, April 3, 2006
No interchange pursued at this stage, road and SD only
1 of 1 3/20/2006 8:29 AM

Re: Wendall Falls Meeting with Todd Preuninger 10:30am, April 3, 2006
Subject: Re: Wendall Falls Meeting with Todd Preuninger 10:30am, Apri13, 2006
From: "Nicole Thomson" <[e-mail]>
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 11:09:37 -0500
To: "John Hennessy" <[e-mail]>, "Ian McMillan" <[e-mail]>
CC: "amy Chapman" <[e-mail]>
additionally, if they try and pull a whammy, they will get nailed to the
wall by Jean (which may be interesting to watch...Amy, you bring the popcorn
and I'll bring the beer) And by whammy, I mean, do road improvements to the
existing Eagle Rock Rd and that dirt road (John, they can access the site
without the interchange) and then come back for the interchange in 2 or 3
years. Not gonna happen. ACOE will hang them.
----- Original Message -----
From: "John Hennessy" <[e-mail]>
To: "Ian McMillan" <[e-mail]>
Cc: "nic » "nicole.thomson » Nicole Thomson"" <[e-mail]>;
"amy Chapman" <[e-mail]>
Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 10:47 AM
Subject: Re: Wendall Falls Meeting with Todd Preuninger 10:30am, April 3,
2006
Interchange is part of the application. Otherwise, there is no way to
access the road.
Ian McMillan wrote:
Wendall Falls Meeting with Todd Preuninger 10:30am, April 3, 2006
No interchange pursued at this stage, road and SD only
1 of 1 3/20/2006 8:32 AM

401 project
Subject: 401 project
From: Patricia Collins <[e-mail]>
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 16:02:05 -0500
To: Ian McMillan <[e-mail]>, cyndi Karoly <[e-mail]>
The following project was issued a 401 on 03/16/2006
DWQ#: 2005 1766, Sterling Farms Subdivision, Onslow Co.
Patricia Collins
Administrative Assistant
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality - Surface Water Protection Section
Wilmington, North Carolina
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
1 of 1 3/20/2006 8:33 AM

~ \\
760 CONT
POWER RW
x~
TREES TO BE
REMOVED

N~

760 CONTOUR
owe essoc0-~s
o~.,~.,..,o,~,
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aunar, we aria

PROPOS '-
ED f~ /
FFFR /

(20'~ ~? BUFFER
M20NE / /
/
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f
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~ PROPOSED /
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*i 33 SMALL
MATURING /
/ /
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~ I
f\ / /
\ /
+ /
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I . ~
+/ / ~
~ ~
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+ ;`/ .
~~
+/_ 764
ELEV.
PROPOSED
TRAIL ~
+ `\ a~~

/DISTURBED AREA=
/ 11,750 SF
/ (WITHIN DASHED LINE)
/ 1535 SF ZONE 1 DISTURBANCE
/ 215 SF ZONE 2 DISTURBANCE
~ ~
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+ \ ~ ~ TREES
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NOTES:
1. Deck height shall be approx. 3 to 4', measured
from exist. grade to deck surface.
2. Proposed native tree species to be planted shall
indude but are not linked to the folkrwing list. No
single species quantify shall exceed 20% of total
trees planted. ff alternate tree species are
planted, they shall be native species.
Common Name Scientific Name
Wilknv Oak Quercus pheNos
River Birch Betula nigra large maturing
Red Maple Ater rubrum
Redtwd Cards canadensis
Dogwood Comus lbrida ~ small maturing
3. This plan shows the removal of 12 existing
trees. An effort will be made to save all trees
possible. For every tree removed for
constnrdion of deck, one (1) tree shall be
planted. Small maturing trees shall be planted
adjacent to power line where large maturing
trees are rat permitted by power company.
4. Planted trees shall be 1'to 1-1/2' caliper
minimum and shall conforn the accepted
standards established by the American
Assoaatbn of Nurserymen.
5. Proposed trails shown on plan shall be
installed at grade with no impact to existing
buffer.
LEGEND:
EXISTING TREE TO BE REMOVED
O PROPOSED SMALL MATURING TREE
+ PROPOSED LARGE MATURING TREE
CYPRESS AMENITY AREA
DECK STRUCTURE PLAN
FOR
NEW SOUTH PROPERTIES
Date: 2-15.06
® rev. 3-16-06 scale: 1'= 10'
Job #. 06012 0 s ro 20'
ay: CG ~~

From: "Flesch-Pate, Julie" <[e-mail]>
Date: Tue, 21 Feb 2006 10:23:48 -0500
To: <[e-mail]>
CC: <[e-mail]>, "Ken Jesneck" <[e-mail]>,
<[e-mail]>, "Hatfield, Dean" <[e-mail]>, "Lane, Scott"
<slane@loui sberger. com>
Ian,
Based on the request for additional information regarding the Wendell Falls Development made by letter, dated
February 16, 2006, I respectfully request clarification on the following points:
1. Are all listed items (1-25) being requested by DWQ as conditions for permit approval? If not, please identify
those that are.
2. For those that are actual conditions of the permit can your Division provide the rationale behind this
request? Our client has concern regarding the time and financial burden this your request is placing on this
project, which has advanced through the appropriate land use processes that are currently in place for the
Town of Wendell. Town representatives have shown through the past two pre-application meeting their
support for this project.
Sincerely,
Julie Flesch-Pate
Senior Environmental Planner
Zfie Luis Berger Group
1513 `Walnut Street
Cary, ~ortf~ Carolina 27511
7elepFrvne: (919J 467-3885 eft 12
,fax [phone]
1 of 1 2/21/2006 1:49 PM

Wendell Fall Project
Subject: Wendell Fall Project
From: "Flesch-Pate, Julie" <[e-mail]>
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2006 14:12:54 -0500
To: <[e-mail]>
CC: "Alsmeyer, Eric C SAW" <[e-mail]>, "Matthews, Monte K SAW"
<[e-mail]>, <[e-mail]>, "Ken Jesneck"
<[e-mail]>, <[e-mail]>, "Hatfield, Dean"
<[e-mail]>, "Lane, Scott" <[e-mail]>
Ian,
I received your division's "Request for More Information" relating to the Wendell Falls Project. I am forwarding it to
our client for their determination as to how we will proceed from here. Thank you.
Julie Flesch-Pate
Senior Environmental Planner
7Te Louis Berger Group
1513 tiUalnut Street
Cary, ~1(ortk Carolina 27511
7elepFwne: [phone] ext 12
fax [phone]
1 of 1 2/17/2006 3:16 PM

Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
r^' North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources

'C Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
February 16, 2006
DWQ Project # N/A
Wake County
CERTIFIED MAIL: RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Ms. Julie Flesch-Pate
The Louis Berger Group, Inc.
1513 Walnut Street, Suite 250
Cary, NC 27511
Subject Property: Proposed Wendell Falls Subdivision
Wendell, Wake County, North Carolina (Meuse Buffer
REQUEST FOR MORE INFORMATION
Dear Ms. Flesch-Pate:
In response to your communication with Ian McMillan of the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) on
February 9, 2006, regarding the proposed Wendell Falls Subdivision (which includes the proposed US 64
Bypass Interchange and proposed Wendell Falls Parkway), the DWQ has composed a preliminary list of
the minimum items we need to conduct a preliminary review of your project. We stress that this is a
preliminary list based on our present understanding of the project. Its purpose is to foster a participatory
process between the DWQ and yourselves. Once items No. 1 and No. 2 of this list have been addressed
and submitted to the DWQ, we would be interested in holding apre-application meeting with Wendell
Falls Development, LLC and Louis Berger Group, Inc.
Information Requested:
Wendell Falls
(in no particular order)
1. Comprehensive site plans: These should include the entire area of the project, including the
subdivision, the proposed US 64 Bypass Interchange and the proposed Wendell Falls Parkway.
All proposed impacts to wetland, stream, waters and buffers should be clearly identified on the
site plans,. Please include information about the DOT mitigation site boundary, any proposed lot
layouts, Meuse River basin buffers (with Zone 1 and Zone 2 clearly delineated), and sewers,
located on the plans at a scale of no less than 1 "=100' overall, and 1 "=50' for detail impact areas
2. Please contact the ALOE to determine if they will require a Nationwide or Individual Permit
3. Please provide a location map for the project.
4. USGS map with your project clearly outlined
401 Oversight/Express Review Permitting Unit
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] /FAX [phone] / Internet: httn://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
N~~~~hhCaro ina
dvatural~ly
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer - 50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper

The Louis Berger Group, Inc. for Wendell Falls Development, LLC
Page 2 of 2
February 16, 2006
5. Soil survey map with your project clearly outlined
6. Please show all stream impacts including all fill slopes, dissipaters, and bank stabilization on the
site plan.
7. Please show all wetland impacts including fill slopes on the site plan.
8. Please indicate all buffer impacts on the site plan.
9. Please indicate proposed lot layout as overlays on the site plan.
10. Please indicate the location of the protected buffers as overlays on the site plan.
11. Please locate all isolated or non-isolated wetlands, streams and other waters of the State as
overlays on the site plan.
12. Please provide cross section details showing the provisions for aquatic life passage.
13. Please locate any planned sewer lines on the site plan.
14. Please provide the location of any proposed stormwater management practices
15. Please provide detail for the stormwater management practices
16. Please specify the percent of project imperviousness area based on the estimated built-out
conditions.
17. Please indicate all stormwater outfalls on the site plan.
18. Please indicate the diffuse flow provision measures on the site plan.
19. Please indicate whether or not the proposed impacts already been conducted.
20. Avoidance and/or Minimization. Include alternatives for road locations for the roads that will
cross streams.
21. Indirect and cumulative impacts analysis
22. DWQ may elevate this project to an Individual Permit
23. Public hearings may be required for this project
24. It is possible an Environmental Assessment maybe required for this project
25. Provide a purpose and need for the project. (Specifically the Wendell Falls Parkway portion)
This letter does not authorize any impacts to wetlands, waters or protected buffers. Please be aware that
any impacts that maybe requested when your application is submitted are not authorized (at this time) by
the DWQ. Please call Ms. Cyndi Karoly or Mr. Ian McMillan at 919-733-1786 if you have any questions
regarding or would like to set up a meeting to discuss this matter.
Sinc e ,
,~"~
~~t %~%
~~n_.
Cyndi Karoly, Supervisor

The Louis Berger Group, Inc. for Wendell Falls Development, LLC
Page 2 of 2
February 16, 2006
401 Oversight/Express Review Permitting Unit
CBK/ijm
cc: Eric Kulz, DWQ Raleigh Regional Office
Nicole Thomson, DWQ Central Office
Amy Chapman, DWQ Central Office
Ian McMillan, DWQ Central Office
Cyndi Karoly, DWQ Central Office
John Henessey, DWQ Central Office
Monte Matthews, USACE Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
Eric Alsmeyer, USACE Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
Jean Manuele, USACE Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
Filename: WendellFallsSDInfoRequest(Wake)

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INDIRECT AND CUMULATIVE IMPACT STUDY
NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
US 64 KNIGHTDALE BYPASS
WAKE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT
OF TRANSPORTATION
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
MARCH 2002

1

1

1
1

1

INDIRECT AND CUMULATIVE IMPACT STUDY
NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
US 64 KNIGHTDALE BYPASS
WAKE COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED BY:
~w
F
ECOSCIENCE CORPORATION
1101 HAYNES STREET, SUITE 101
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27604
MARCH 2002

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PROPOSED
BY NCDOT
~ ^
SR-2
500 ~ 500 1000 2000
sr-~ ,~_-~~-- ~--
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WENDELL
FALLS PARKWAY
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LAKE MYRA DEVELOPMENT
US 64 INTERCHANGE w /
WENDELL FALLS PARKWAY
WAKE COUNTY
WENDELL, NC

To: Dean Hatfield, The Louis Berger Group, Inc
From: Julie Flesch-Pate, The Louis Berger Group, Inc.
Date: January 4, 2006
Subject: Wendell Falls Parkway Permit (ACE)
General summary of meeting held on January 3, 2006 at LBG
Those in attendance were:
Monte Mathews USACE monte.k.mathews(a~saw02.usace.army.mil
Eric Alsmeyer USACE eric.c.alsme~@,usace.army.mil
Theresa Piner Town of Wendell tpiner@townofwendell
Ken Jesneck Withers &Ravenel kjesneck(a,withersravenel.com
Todd Preuninger Withers &Ravenel tprewin er ~withersravenel.com
Keith Robbins Withers &Ravenel krobbins(a~withersravenel.com
Casey White Berger cwhite(u~louisber eg r.com
Dean Hatfield Berger dhatfield(c~louisber eg r_com
Julie Flesch-Pate Berger jpate(cr~,louisber eg r.com
The second of two pre-application meetings was held with the ACE to provide current project
information, and to initiate the application process with some certainty of the type of permit that
would be most appropriate.
ACE's review of previously issued permits indicated that the first stream crossing (at Mark's
Creek) closest to the proposed interchange (STA 18 + 10 +/-) had been a part of the NCDOT
Individual Permit issued by ACE on or about 4/25/02. The direct impacts associated with this
crossing had been considered during the US 64 Bypass permit application review and are a part
of NCDOT's mitigation plan. ACE permitted a 3-lane facility with earthen shoulders and
drainage ditches.
ACE recommends that both a permit time extension and permit modification be requested for
NCDOT's approved permit. The permit can be pursued 'oJ int1X between Wendell Falls Inc and
NCDOT once board approval of the formal agreement between Wendell Falls Inc. and NCDOT
is finalized (approval should be obtained as of 1/19/06). I don't think DOT will change their
position. The current permit will expire in December of 2006. The time extension should allow
for anticipated construction activities associated with the proposed Wendell Falls Blvd up to the
Mark's Creek Crossing. The roadway design modification should include the change in the
typical section at this site from the approved 3-lane earthen shoulder with drainage ditches to a 4-
lane curb and gutter section with median. It is noteworthy that Wake County's Thoroughfare
plan has listed portions of this roadway project as requiring 4-lanes. The Town of Wendell is to
annex the proposed development site in its entirety in the very near future and is anticipated to
include the Wendell Falls Blvd. as a 4-lane facility in their Thoroughfare plan.

A separate application for a Nationwide Permit is to be initiated that will include portions of the
proposed Wendell Falls Blvd. not covered by NCDOT's Individual Permit for the US 64 Bypass
as well as Wendell Falls Inc. proposed Phase I residential development. The Phase I site is to be
located west of Martin Pond Road. The residential development is not anticipated to directly
impact any pennenial streams. The only direct impact associated with this Nationwide is a
culvert crossing of Buffalo Creek. Impacts are estimated to be 1341inear feet.
ACE has requested the following information:
^ Overall mapping of proposed roadway and Phase I development;
^ Impact estimates for Buffalo Creek based on anticipated typical section.
Summary of Estimated Stream Im acts:
Steam Crossings Crossing T e Estimated Stream Im acts
Mark's Creek Bridge, 4-lane typical section N/A, previously included in
with median NCDOT's IP
Buffalo Creek Culvert, 4-lane typical section 1341inear feet
with median
Buffalo Creek Bridge, 4-lane typical section N/A
with median

__. TAYLOR RD.
SR - 2502 -`
PROPOSED
BY NCDOT
~ 7

EXHIBIT A
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WENDELL
Es
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... 500 ~ 500 1000 2000
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PROPOSED
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LAKE MYRA DEVELOPMENT
US 64 INTERCHANGE w /
~: WENDELL FALLS PARKWAY
WAKE COUNTY
WENDELL, NC

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Anutrient-analysis study was performed to compute indirect and cumulative nutrient-
loading impacts for a region of land expected to receive additional developmental
pressure from the construction of the Knightdale Bypass (Bypass). As requested by the
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, this analysis was completed using the Nutrient
Export Coefficient Method (Dodd et al. 1992, DWQ 1998) to compare two future
' scenarios -Year 2020 land use with and without the construction of the Bypass. Model
results suggest an 8.1 percent and 10.2 percent increase of total nitrogen and total
phosphorus, respectively, directly attributable to development generated by the
construction of the Bypass.
However, there is potential to reduce Bypass-induced nutrient loading through
' application of best management practices (BMP) and mitigation activities. Such
applications included in a regional land-use plan might incorporate constructed buffer,
wetland, and stream mitigation sites, regional storm-water structures, expanded
streamside buffers, additional open space, and limitations on impervious coverage for
future developments.
' Cooperation between the Town of Knightdale, North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT), and the City of Raleigh is recommended to provide a working
land-use template to guide in a reduction of nutrient loading by limiting impervious
' surfaces, enhancement of open spaces, and creation of regional storm-water facilities.

1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction .................................................................................................................1
II. Study Boundary and Information Sources .................................................................. 2
III. Current and Future Land-Use Determinations ............................................................4
Current Conditions .......................................................................................................4
Year 2020 without the Bypass ..................................................................................... 6
Zoning ...............................................................................................:...................... 6
Growth Trends ......................................................................................................... 6
Year 2020 with the Bypass ........................................................................................11
Maximum Build-Out ................................................................................................11
IV. Nutrient-Analysis results ..........................................................................................11
FATE-TRANSPORT MODEL .....................................................................................16
V. Summary ..................................................................................................................19
VI. References ..............................................................................................................21
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Study boundary location ..................................................................................3
Figure 2. Current land-use conditions within the study boundary ....................................7
Figure 3. Land-use conditions based on zoning within the study boundary for Year 2020
without the Bypass ...................................................................................................8
Figure 4. Growth trends within 1.5 miles of the US-64 corridor ....................................... 9
Figure 5. Growth trends outside of the US-64 corridor .................................................10
Figure 6. Land-use conditions based on growth trends within the study boundary for
Year 2020 without the Bypass ................................................................................12
Figure 7. Land-use conditions based on maximum build-out within the study boundary
for Year 2020 with the Bypass ...............................................................................13
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. ExCo land-use, ExCo values, and collapsed zoning .........................................5
Table 2. Nutrient-load rates for current conditions, Year 2020 without the Bypass, and
Year 2020 with the Bypass ......................................................................................15
Table 3. USGS gage information, study boundary stream network characteristics, and
nitrogen export estimates .......................................................................................18
1

' INDIRECT AND CUMULATIVE IMPACT STUDY
NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
I US 64 KNIGHTDALE BYPASS
' I. INTRODUCTION
' EcoScience Corporation (ESC) has been retained to perform a nutrient analysis as part
of an Indirect and Cumulative Impact Study for the proposed US-64 Knightdale Bypass
(the Bypass) in eastern Wake County, North Carolina. The analysis includes current
' and future predictions of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loading within a
defined study boundary that will enclose the majority of development due to the building
of the Bypass. Results of the nutrient analysis will attempt to quantify loading rates and
percentage increases between two future scenarios -Year 2020 with and without the
Bypass.
In order to estimate loading-rate changes for each scenario, long-term, time-series
measurements of stream flow and nutrient concentrations for various stream stages in
the growing and non-growing seasons would be required. A detailed field study is
prohibitive for the current effort due to temporal constraints; therefore, predictive
modeling efforts will be employed to determine future nutrient-load trends. Currently,;
very few models compute non-point source nutrient loads. Existing approaches (SWAT,
NLEWP, RIMDESS, FLUX, and MODMON) were either unavailable for the current effort
or would be more applicable for specific land-cover types, broader spatial scales, or
gaged stream systems.
One suitable technique, the export-coefficient method (ExCo method), does allow for
preliminary estimates of current and future non-point source loads for the study
boundary. The ExCo method, which was developed by Dodd et al. (1992), computes a
spatially averaged, nutrient-load rate (ExCo values) from surface contributions (runoff)
from the agriculture, forest/wetland, developed, and open-water components of a
watershed. Subsequent revisions to the ExCo (DWQ 1998) further refine the original
land-cover types (ExCo land-use types) by zoning and satellite-imagery analysis to
include a total of eight classifications. The expanded ExCo land-use types differentiate
between agriculture and pasture/managed herbaceous coverage, and also distinguish
four levels of development, ranging from sparse, rural-setting, general residential to
industrial-commercial settings.
An advantage of performing nutrient analysis by the ExCo method is the limited amount
' of required model-input parameters, namely hectarages of specific ExCo land-use types
within the study boundary. With this data available, simple arithmetic allows for quick
calculations of nutrient export associated with surface loading from a region.
' Furthermore, the median ExCo value for each land-cover type provides results
considered valid for a range of Best Management Practices (BMP), such as riparian

i
' buffers, stormwater basins and other nutrient reducing mechanisms (Dodd.et a/. 1992),
and for a variety of naturally occurring conditions.
The difficulty of the ExCo method applicable to the current effort is arriving at accurate
estimates of future land-cover areas to be used in loading calculations. Predicting rates
' of development within the study boundary poses a challenging, yet necessary task.
Area estimates of current ExCo land-use types (existing conditions) are computed by
standard, straightforward techniques. However, many assumptions were needed in
' order to arrive at similar estimates for future land-cover scenarios with and without
construction of the Bypass. All necessary assumptions were reached through a
cooperative discussion between the North Carolina Department of Transportation
' (NCDOT), the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ), the United States Army
Corps of Engineers (COE), and ESC. Existing zoning within the study boundary was not
altered for future development scenarios, except for the Bypass-construction scenario.
' For this case, detailed results from Stantec Consulting Services Inc. (Stantec 2001)
allowed for limited modifications.
II. STUDY BOUNDARY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
The Bypass is part of the Transportation Improvement Project (T.I.P.) number R-2547.
The 10.2-mile, multi-lane Bypass will redirect traffic south of the Town of Knightdale and
will connect I-440 (Raleigh Beltline) to United States Highway 64 (US-64) near SR 1003
' (Rolesville Road). The Bypass will be alimited-access roadway and include seven
interchanges including Hodge Road (SR 2516), Smithfield Road (SR 2233), and
Knightdale Road (SR 2501), serving City of Raleigh (Raleigh), Town of Knightdale
' (Knightdale), and Town of Wendell (Wendell). The study boundary (Figure 1)
incorporates 7535 hectares (29 square-miles) of developed and undeveloped land that is
' characterized by predominantly rural, forested, and suburban areas, with heavily
developed areas occurring along the US-64 corridor and within the Town of Knightdale
and eastern Raleigh. The study boundary is bounded to the west by the Raleigh
' Beltline, to the north by existing US-64, to the south by Poole Road, and to the east by
Martin Rock Road (SR 2503) and Eagle Rock Road (SR 1003).
Digital information used in this analysis include materials provided by NCDOT, the
Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (CGIA}, Wake County Geographical
Information Systems (Wake County), Stantec, Raleigh, and Knightdale. Digital data
' provided by NCDOT include aerial orthophotography, USGS quadrangles, the Bypass
alignment, and Wake County roads. Data provided by CGIA include land cover, Neuse
River hydrology, county lines, 14-digit hydrologic units, and river basin and sub-basin
' boundaries. Digital data provided by Wake County include aerial orthophotography,
parcel data, and zoning classifications. Digital data provided by Stantec include
proposed zoning and land-use data within the Hodge Road, Smithfield Road, Knightdale
' Road, and US-64 interchanges. Raleigh and Knightdale provided paper copies of
zoning classifications and regulations.

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Study Boundary Location DATE: ESC #
Mar 2002 00-046.19
L" `` '`~` ~ Knightdale Bypass Indirect SCALE: DWN BY:MTC
' and Cumulative Impact Study As Shown CKD BY: APS
Nutrient Analysis
EcoScience Wake County
North Carolina FIGURE 1
,

1
III. CURRENT AND FUTURE LAND-USE DETERMINATIONS
Based on the consensus of project participants, the analysis began by calculating the
current nutrient loads from the study boundary to serve as a baseline. After baseline
' nutrient loads were calculated, the conditions in the Year 2020 were predicted for two
scenarios: 1) without the road using a full build-out of existing zoning, and 2) with the
road using the using a full build-out of existing zoning and the Stantec data to update
' zoning in the interchange areas. ESC personnel also performed growth-trend analyses
within the study boundary to provide an alternative scenario to full build-out of existing
zoning. The growth-trend analyses were performed for the Year 2020 without the
Bypass.
The Stantec data provided a unique opportunity to anticipate future zoning and land-use
' changes within the study boundary in the event that the Bypass is built. ESC personnel
used the Stantec data to update existing zoning and predict future ExCo land-use types
for Year 2020 with the Bypass. The updated ExCo land-use types were compared to
' Year 2020 scenarios without the Bypass to calculate changes in nutrient loads indirectly
attributable to the construction of the Bypass.
' The study boundary is divided among the jurisdictions of Raleigh, Knightdale, and Wake
County. Each government has unique zoning classifications and regulations, creating
' the need to condense 32 existing zoning classifications into eight ExCo land-use types in
order to predict nutrient amounts that will be exported from the study boundary. Through
interpretation of zoning regulations, NCDOT personnel collapsed the 32 zoning
' classifications into the eight ExCo land-use types using the allowable build-out
percentage, amount of required open space, and maximum area of impervious surfaces
allowed for each zoning classification. ESC personnel used the collapsed zoning
' classifications to calculate the area contained within each ExCo land-use type for current
and future scenarios (Table 1).
' CURRENT CONDITIONS
To quantify the current nutrient export from the study boundary, an analysis of current
zoning and land-cover data was performed. The parcel data were queried to separate
parcels that currently contain structures (developed parcels) from parcels that do not
contain structures (undeveloped parcels). The area of currently developed parcels for
each ExCo land-use type was calculated. It was assumed that a developed parcel was
built-out to the allowed specifications for the zoning classification assigned to that parcel.
' Land cover data were overlaid on the undeveloped parcels to separate forested from
non-forested areas. The area of land cover data that were not forested (not vegetated or
covered by vegetation below 3 meters in height) were calculated and condensed into the
most appropriate ExCo land-use type based on an interpretation of the land cover
metadata and best professional judgment. The area within the study boundary that was
4

Table 1. ExCo land-use type in each nutrient loadine scenario (in hectares
ExCo Land Use Tvne Current Conditions Year 2020 without B vnass Year 2020 with Bypass

Growth Trends Zoning
Forest/Wetland 2259 1443 545 635
Managed. Herbaceous/

Pasture/Undeveloped 889 568 2 17
Cultivated (Crops) 568 363 0 0
IndustriaU

Commercial 1201 1704 2244 3052
Low Density Urban/

Residential 1152 1500 2163 1516
Medium/High
Density Urban/ 987 1160 1417 1444
Residential
Residential (General) 341 659 1026 732
Open Water

(Atmospheric) 137 137 137 137

not involved in developed parcels, roads, riparian buffers, water bodies, maintained
areas, shrub land, or agriculture was calculated as forest. The current nutrient-export
' rate was calculated by multiplying the area within each ExCo land-use type by the
median ExCo value. Figure 2 depicts the current land-use conditions within the study
boundary.
' YEAR 2020 WITHOUT THE BYPASS
' Two scenarios were developed for predicting ExCo land-use types within the study
boundary for the Year 2020. First, a full build-out scenario was considered based on
existing zoning classifications. Second, trend analyses of growth within the study
boundary were prepared for parcels located within 2.4 kilometers (1.5 miles) of existing
US-64 and parcels located outside of 2.4 kilometers (1.5 miles) from existing US-64.
Growth trends were calculated from each land-use type, and extrapolated to predict the
1 land-use distribution for the Year 2020.
Zoning
To create the zoning scenario, the parcel data were used to calculate land-use within the
study boundary for Year 2020 with a full build-out of existing zoning conditions. The
area of each ExCo land-use type was calculated in hectares. Riparian buffers and water
bodies were overlaid on the parcel data, and the area involved in the overlap was
transferred to forest and water body ExCo land-use types. Riparian buffers were
generated by creating a 15.24 meter (50-foot) buffer offset from Neuse River basin
' hydrology data. Water bodies were identified through the hydrology data or the land
cover data. The nutrient-export rate for the zoning scenario was calculated by
multiplying the area within
' each ExCo land-use type by the median ExCo value. Figure 3 depicts land-use
conditions within the study boundary in Year 2020 for the zoning scenario.
Growth Trends
To predict the amount of growth that will occur by Year 2020, the building frequency of
each collapsed zoning classification was analyzed from 1980-2000. The numbers of
structures built per year for each land-use type were counted. The amount of
undeveloped parcels that currently exist for each land-use type were also counted, so
' that the amount of available land to be developed in future scenarios for each land-use
type could be predicted.
Systematic analyses techniques were applied to the high/medium and low density urban,
industrial/commercial, and general residential ExCo land-use parcel datasets, both
inside and outside the US 64 corridor in order to predict future growth trends (Figures 4
' and 5). The mean and standard deviation was computed for each parcel dataset, as
well as a 3-year moving average that helped reduce outlier deviations. Next, a trend line
was fit to the averaged data that fell within one standard deviation from the mean of the
' raw dataset. The trend line was projected forward 20 years, which enabled extrapolation
of development rates/numbers until the 2020 temporal boundary. A straight-line fit was

6

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EcoScience
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t U]1 Ha~yne~ Street, Suite 1fj1
P..aleigh, PJorth t;arolina 276i]4
Fh B19 826 3433
Fa:. 81 9 838 3516
Client:
North Carolina
Department of Transportatio
Project:
Knightdale Bypass
Indirect and Cumulative
Impact Study
Nutrient Analysis
Vllake County, North Carolina
Title:
Current Land Use within
the Study Boundary
Dwn By: Date:
MTC Mar 2002
Ckd By: Scale:
GRM As Shown
ESC Project No:
00-046.19
FIGURE
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Ph: 919 828 3433
Fax: [phone]
Client:
North Carolina
Department of Transportatio
Project:
Knightdale Bypass
Indirect and Cumulative
Impact Study
Nutrient Analysis
Wake County, North Carolina
EcoScience
C,~r;~o~a~i~~:
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Title:
Land use conditions based
on zoning within the
study boundary for Year 2020
without the Bypass
Dwn By
Ckd By:
MTC
Date:
Ma-
ale:
GRM As Shown
ESC Project No:
00-046.19
FIGURE
3

~a
Figure 4 Growth patterns and predicted trends from years 1980 - 2020 within a 1.5-mile corridor of US 64 for individual "ExCo"
land-use types: (a) High/Medium Density Urban; (b) Industrial/Commercial; (c) Low Density Urban; and (d) General
Residential.
s Nurnber of Structures Buitt 3-Year Avg w/in 1 stdev
~a~ ~ Recede 3-yr Avg win 1 stdEV - - - - -Polyfit (# of Structures Built)
Trend (3-yr Avg. win 1 stdev)
400 ---.--__- ___.,.-------___-~.- ---- -----------
35D
m
a 3~
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~ 250
U
in 200 • • N
`0 150
E 100
z 50 i
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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
,C` • Number of Structures Buitt 3-Year Avg w/in 1 stdev
/ Trend of 3-yr Avg w/in 1 stdev - - - - -Polyfit (# of Structures Built)
10 ----------------_ ----- ----------- _
9 j
o'p 8
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2
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0 4
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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

~b~ • Number of Structures Built 3-Year Avg w/in 1 stdev
- - - - -Polyfit (# of Structures Built) Trend of 3-yr Avg w/in 1 stdev
40
35 --- ---- ------- -----------_---- ------------~
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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Figure 5 Growth patterns and predicted trends from years 1980 - 2020 outside a 1.5-mile corridor of US 64 for individual
"ExCo" land-use uses: (a) High/Medium Density Urban; (b) Industrial/Commercial; (c) Low Density Urban; and
(d) General Residential
~a` • Number of Structures Built 3-Year Avg w/in 1 stdev
I - - - - - Polyfit (# of Structures Built) Trend (3-yr Avg. w/in 1 stdev
100 __._..,..__._._.__.__....-.~_..._.._.-.-_..__-...~._-_._.._-r__.._,__ .T._...._..-....~.___._ _.._.._.__-.,.__.,,
90
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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
• Number of Structures Built 3-Year Avg w/in 1 stdev
,C~ ^ Recede 3-yr Avg w/in 1 stdev - - - - - Polyfit (# of Structures Built)
Trend (3-yr Av w/in 1 stdev
180 - ' -- -- -
j 160
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120
7 100
~ 80
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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
'd` • Number of Structures Built - 3-yr Avg won 1 stdev
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' chosen over other possible methods because of its well-behaved and predictable
extrapolation qualities.
' When appropriate, an n"'-order polynomial was fit to the original parcel dataset in order
to highlight historical build-permit dynamics. This additional view allowed mathematical
' insight of past building activity, which helped guide appropriate trend-fitting tools for
future build predictions. For instance the high/medium density urban and the low-density
urban datasets inside and outside the US 64 corridor, respectively, needed a slightly
different trend-line fitting method approach due to historical build-permit dynamics.
Specifically, the trend line was fit to the averaged data points from the last 5 years of
data (1995 - 2000) to more precisely honor the original dataset. This adjusted
procedure was also required to prevent extrapolated build-out numbers from exceeding
total allowable parcel limits.
' Data from the growth trends analyses were used to calculate the hectarage of additional
development that will occur for each land-use type by the Year 2020. The ~nutrient-
export rate for the growth trends scenario was calculated by multiplying the area within
' each ExCo land-use type by the median ExCo value. Figure 6 depicts land-use
conditions within the study boundary in Year 2020 for the growth trends scenario.
YEAR 2020 WITH THE BYPASS
' Maximum Build-Out
To create a maximum build-out scenario that includes the Bypass, land-use conditions
from the zoning scenario (Year 2020 without the Bypass) were used with modified areas
within the footprint of the Bypass and the proposed interchanges as reported by Stantec
(Stantec 2001). The Stantec data were overlaid on the Wake County parcel data and
' spatially joined to the parcel data. Through a completely automated process, parcel
boundaries were modified to match the proposed zoning pattern of the Stantec data.
The total area within each interchange was divided into the appropriate ExCo land-use
' types. Riparian buffers and water bodies were overlaid on the parcel data, and the area
involved in the overlap was transferred to forest and water body ExCo land-use types.
The nutrient-export rate for the maximum build-out scenario was calculated by
' multiplying the area within each ExCo land-use type by the median ExCo value. Figure
7 depicts the land-use conditions within the study boundary in Year 2020 for the
maximum build-out scenario.
' IV. NUTRIENT-ANALYSIS RESULTS
' Loading rates of nitrogen and phosphorus will vary as land-use patterns change within
the study-boundary watersheds. A couple of factors are expected to cause an increase
in loading estimates by the ExCo method, namely localized additions of nutrient
' fertilizers and increased coverage by impervious surfaces. However, any factors that act
to increase nutrient loads are simply reflected by increased coverage within the ExCo
land-use types that have highest loading rates. It should be noted that even though
11

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0 1 2 Miles
1
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Land Use Classification
[~ High
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[] IndCom
[] Low
[~ Medium
[~ Residential
^s
((E++coScience
Li+:'i'~?Ji'~~i:)i~t
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Ph: 919 8283433
Fax: [phone]
Client:
North Carolina
Department of Transportatio
Project:
Knightdale Bypass
Indirect and Cumulative
Impact Study
Nutrient Analysis
Wake County, North Carolina
Title:
Land use conditions based
on growth trends within the
study boundary for Year 2020
without the Bypass
Dwn By: Date:
MTC March 2002
Ckd By: Scale:
GRM As Shown
ESC Project No:
00-046.19
FIGURE
6

0 1 2 Miles
EcoScience
~cYp~reticn
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Ph: 919 8283433
Fax: [phone]
Client:
North Carolina
Department of Transportation
(Project:
Knightdale Bypass
Indirect and Cumulative
Impact Study
Nutrient Analysis
wake County, North Carolina
'~ Title:
Land use conditions based
on maximum build-out within th
study boundary for Year 2020
with the Bypass
Dwn By: Date:
MTC Mar 2002
Ckd By: Scale:
GRM As Shown
ESC Project No: 00-046.19
FIGURE
7

Table 2: Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loading from runoff for current, Year 2020 by growth-trend zoning methods for no Bypass scenario, and Year 2020 with Bypass
a) Current Conditions (72.5% Built Out): TN and TP
ForestedlWetland
Cultivated (crops)
PasturelMngd Herb
High/Med Density Urban
Low Density Urban
General Residential
IndustriallCommercial
Water
Total

Current
~ha) TN ExCo
Values
(kgmalyr) Current
Loading
TN (kg/yr
2259 1.90 4292
568 15.20 8634
889 4.90 4356
987 9.63 9509
1152 6.39 7362
341 8.30 2828
1201 14.60 17540
137 9.80 1346
Ib3b --- _ 55867
6381
ores e e and
Cultivated (crops)
PasturelMngd Herb
HighlMed Density Urban
Low Density Urban
General Residential
IndustriallCommercial
Water
_ ° ui t Out). TN and TP Loading
Year 2020 TN ExCo Year 2020 Loading TP ExCo Year 2020 Loading
Build Trends Values Build trends Values Build trends
(ha) (kglhalyr) TIJ (kglyr) (k Ihalyr) TP (kglyr)
1443 1.90 2742 0.13 i 88
363 15.20 5516 2.41 875
568 4.90 2763 0.80 454
1160 9.63 11174 1.12 1300
1500 6.39 9586 0.62 930
659 8.30 5466 0.62 408
1704 14.60 ?.4881 1.57 2676
Total I 7535 -- 63496 -- 6920
c Year 2020 b Zonin for No B ass Scenario 100% Buift Out : TN and TP Loadin
d Year 2020 with B ass 100% BuiftOut w/ Stantec Data : TN and TP Loadin
Year 2020 TN ExCo Year 2020 Loading TP ExCo Year 2020 Loading Year 2020 TN ExCo Year 2120 Loading TP ExCo Year 2020 Loading
Zoning Values Zoning Values Zoning Bypass Values E~ypass Values Bypass
Land Covera a ha k mal TN k/ k Thal r TP k l r
Land Covera a ha k Thal TN~glyr) (kglhalyr) TP (kg/yr)
ForestedlWetland 545 1.90 1036 0.13 71 ForestedlWetland 635 1.90 1207 0.13 83
Cultivated (crops) 0 15.20 0 2.41 0 Cultivated cro s 0
PasturelMn d Herb 2 ( p) 15.20 0 2.41 0
9 4.90 12 0.80 2 PasturelMngd Herb 17 4.90 83 0.80 14
High/Med Density Urban 1417 9.63 13648 1.12 1587 High/Med Density Urban 1444 9.63 i 3910 1.12 1618
Low Density Urban 2163 6.39 13819 0.62 1341 Low Density Urban 1516 6.39 9690 0.62 940
General Residential 1026 8.30 8516 0.62 636 General Residential 732 8.30 6080 0.62 454
IndustriaVCommercial 2244 14.60 32768 1.57 3524 Industrial/Commercial 3052 14.60 e.
Water 137 9.80 1346 0.65 gg 4561 1.57 4792
Total 7535 -__ Water 137 9.80 1346 0.65 89
71143 ---- 7250 Total 7535 --- 76876 --- 7989
TP ExCo Current
Values Loading
Year 2020 by Growth Trends for No Bypass Scenario (831 °/ B 'I
Land Covera
0.13 294 F t dNV tl
2.41 1369
0.80 711
1.12 1106
0.62 714
0.62 211
1.57 1886
0,65 8g

' each ExCo land-use type includes a varying amount of green-space coverage, riparian
buffers were specifically considered part of the forest/wetland classification for all
' scenarios.
In order to gauge the distribution of loading from each ExCo value under existing
' conditions, loading rates were computed for current conditions within the study boundary
to serve as a baseline template (Table 2a). Presently, nutrient loading within the study
boundary is dominated by outputs generated by the industrial/commercial land-use
' sector (17540 kilograms per year (kg/yr) for TN and 1886 kg/yr TP), even though
forest/wetland are the most prolific in area coverage.
' Two future development scenarios that were considered for the current effort take
nutrient-loading rates to the maximum extent possible under existing zoning (zoning)
and to a lesser degree by results from the growth-trend analysis (Tables 2b-c). Both
' scenarios account for eventual development allowable by zoning classifications on lands
that are currently wooded, farmed, or managed herbaceous coverage. When compared
to current loading, increases excepted to occur from future development within the study
' boundary without construction of the Bypass are 13.7 percent and 27.3 percent for TN
and 8.5 percent and 13.6 percent for TP under the growth-trend and zoning scenarios,
respectively. The larger loading amounts generated by the zoning scenario are a result
' of maximum build-out under existing zoning regulations. This scenario is not considered
realistic due to the tapering off of development witnessed by results from the last 20
years produced by the growth-trend analysis (Figures 4 and 5).
' In order to project apercent-load increase of nutrients attributable to the construction of
the Bypass, a Bypass-loading scenario needs to be quantitatively described for
comparison to current (Table 2a), and growth-trend and zoning scenarios for Year 2020
without the Bypass (Tables 2b-c). As depicted in the land-use section above, the
Bypass scenario (Table 2d) was considered worst-case, which implies maximum build-
' out of land under existing zoning classifications. In addition, land-use changes provided
by Stantec allowed for limited zoning conversions within the study boundary.
' A percentage comparison between the above scenarios report that runoff from
development associated with construction of the Bypass will cause an increase of 37.6
' percent, 21.1 percent, and 8.1 percent in total nitrogen load from current, and growth-
trend and zoning scenarios, respectively. Similar comparisons for total phosphorus
predict 25.2 percent, 15.5 percent, and 10.2 percent increases, respectively. These
' results represent the indirect and cumulative impacts of nutrient loading for various
scenarios within the study boundary associated with construction of the Knightdale
Bypass.
' The Bypass-scenario loading results (76876 kg/yr TN and 7989 kg/yr TP), used to
calculate the above percentage increases, are considered the most valid attempt
' allowable without widespread zoning-change considerations. Furthermore, since the
ExCo method does not account for groundwater contribution to nutrient loads, the
14

' Bypass scenario is considered a good first-order estimate of the indirect and cumulative
impacts of nutrient loading associated with construction of the Knightdale Bypass. The
' results suggest that proposed increases in industrial/commercial development (44561
kg/yr TN and 4792 kg/yr TP) are largely responsible for the heightened loading values.
This land-type classification has the largest percentage of impervious surface coverage,
' which acts to speed water transit times to flowing channels that prevents nutrient
consumption and deposition. However, progressive management planning
considerations may act to reduce the overall loading from industrial/commercial land
' types, and potentially reduce the overall loading from the entire study boundary.
Exact determination of the reduction potential on nutrient loading associated with land-
use planning is difficult. However, as previously stated, the median of the ExCo values
were used for the current study. The range provided in the literature for specific ExCo
values suggests that there is potential for nutrient reduction through application of best
' management practices (BMP) and mitigation. Such applications included in a regional
land-use plan might include current and future NCDOT mitigation sites, regional
stormwater structures, expanded streamside buffers, additional open space, and
' limitations on impervious coverage for future developments.
FATE-TRANSPORT MODEL
' Unrelated to nutrient-loading rates, streams will natural) act to consume a ercenta a of
Y P 9
their loads. As is the case within the study boundary, this process will remain practically
' constant under varying, upstream, land-cover compositions. As long as the
hydrodynamics of the system remain relatively unaltered, the reduction potential will act
to reduce actual nutrient loads, but temporal percent-reduction comparisons of total
' loading between scenarios will not change. To translate, the increased-percentage
nitrogen-loading scenarios, as outlined in this study, will not change, but actual numeric
loading values will be systematically reduced for all scenarios. Currently, there is no
' such method that numerically characterizes phosphorus transport processes.
' A stream system's ability to effectively remove nitrogen from the water column is related
to the time exposed to denitrification dynamics along the sediment interface, with the
end product being released as gaseous nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere.
Presently, the accepted nutrient transport equation (DWQ 1998) for the Neuse River
Basin is approximated by the following equation:
' where,
TN = e ~-k~t~ '` 100
' TN =percentage of total nitrogen exported from a particular stream reach
k =global decay coefficient
t =time of travel within a stream reach [days]
' The current model framework chosen by DWQ assigns a single, global decay coefficient
(k = 0.1) to the entire Neuse basin. It is assumed that the constant attempts to
1
16

Y
' effectively average for the biochemistry-rate differences associated with high- and low-
flow conditions for both small and large watershed sizes.
In order to estimate nitrogen loads exiting the study boundary using the above equation,
it is necessary to determine the temporal duration (t) of a water parcel to cover the
' median transit length under average, annual conditions for each stream network that
crosses the study boundary. This task requires knowledge of average-annual discharge,
cross-sectional values, and associated flow-velocity information for each stream network
' within the study boundary.
In order to obtain discharge-rate estimates for each stream network within the study
' boundary, historical, USGS gage-station data within the Upper Neuse River basin were
utilized. Specifically, discharge data were annually averaged and plotted versus
watershed size (ranging from 10.94 to 1866.846.8 square kilometers [6.8 to 1160 square
' miles]). Results were then fit with a trend line. Next, upstream watershed-sized
delineations were performed for each stream network within the study boundary, whose
areas were interpolated by the above-mentioned relationship to generate network-
' specific, average-annual discharge values.
Average cross-sectional areas for each stream network within the study boundary were
estimated by bankfull-flow analysis (Dunn and Leopold 1978), which required utilization
of the NC Piedmont Bankfull curve information (Harman et a/. 1999). Specifically, each
average-annual discharge value (computed above) was used to compute the watershed
' size of a hypothetical stream with comparable bankfull discharge values. Next, the
bankfull cross-sectional area of the hypothetical stream was computed using the NC
Piedmont Bankfull curve information. With these hypothetical discharge-area
' estimations, average velocity estimates were approximated for- riffle sections for each of
the stream networks within the study boundary. Applying a 2:1 ratio for pool-to-riffle
cross-sectional area and a 3:1 ratio for riffle-to-pool make-up of a given stream reach for
' the Piedmont province, an average-annual water velocity was estimated for each stream
network within the study boundary.
' With average-annual velocities estimated, a median length for each stream network
within the study boundary was estimated to compute the flow duration (t) for a given
water parcel to enter and subsequently leave the downstream boundary. These lengths
were produced by GIS investigation, and equaled half the distance of the longest
possible stream reach of each network that resided entirely within the study boundary.
Finally, the median distance was divided by the average-annual velocities to arrive at the
average temporal duration required for water parcels to leave each of the study
boundary's stream networks.
Nitrogen-export percentages and certain site estimates for each stream network within
the study boundary are shown in Table 3. The 99-percent export efficiencies, which are
' independent of load rates and will remain constant under the current flow regime,
suggest a quick transit through the study boundary. A spatially weighted, boundary-wide
export rate is less than 1 percent and is considered insignificant within the current scope
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Table 3: USGS Gage Information and Study Boundary Stream Network Characteristics and Nitrogen Transport Estimates
Table 3a: Upper Neuse Gage Information and Graphical Display
Average Annual
Watershed Size discharge
USGS Gage Name (sq. mi.) (cfs)
Marsh Creek (New Hope) 6.8 9.6
Little Lick (Oak Grove) 10.1 11.7
Swift Creek (Mcculars) 35.8 36.6
Crabtree Creek (Raleigh) 76 90.1
Middle Creek (Clayton) 84 gp.7
Crabtree Creek (Raleigh) 121 164.6
Little River (Kenly) 191 179.8
Neuse River (Clayton) 1150 1160
Table 3b: On-Site Stream Characteristics
Interpolate vg. verage ross- Avg. a ian istance o vgerage n-site
Stream Network w/in the Drainage Area Annual Dis Sectional Area Velocity longest reach flow duration Percent TN
Study Boundary (sq. mi.) (cfs) (sq. ft.) (ft/s) (ft) (days) Transport
Buffaloe Creek
' 12.5 21 _ 11.0 1.9 3514 0.02 99
8
Mark
s Creek 11.9 20 10.8 1.9 15735 0.10 .
gg
Neuse River 977.0 985 208.5 4.7' 14956 0.10 gg
Poplar Creek 5.7 14 8.1 1.7 9287 0.06 99
4
UT to Neuse _ 2.6 11 6.7 1 ~ S~~a ~ ~~ .
,,., ,.
N~a~~~~~c~~~ vy yruup ewemye

' of the project. It should be noted that certain reaches of each stream network within the
study boundary may have different flow dynamics and potentially further reduce nitrogen
loads. However, due to temporal constraints imparted by the current scope of work,
refinement of the fate-transport model is not possible.
' As previously mentioned, results of the fate-transport model, when applied to various
load scenarios, will decrease actual load amounts in similar fashion. However, at
present, there are differing opinions in the academic literature about using a global
' nutrient-decay constant (k), which questions the precision of the above nutrient-transport
exercise. A less than 1-percent decrease calculated for the study boundary is
considered reasonable, but was not applied to the nutrient budget computed for either
' the current or future land-use scenarios.
' IV. SUMMARY
• The 7,535 hectare (29 square-mile) study boundary currently supports a mixture of
' forest, agriculture, rural-residential, sub-urban development along sections adjacent
to the existing US-64, and within the municipal limits of Knightdale and Raleigh.
Approximately 3,833 hectares of undeveloped parcels currently exist within the study
boundary.
• Development rates and land-cover composition were computed within the study
' boundary for future scenarios with and without construction of the Knightdale Bypass.
• Growth-trend analyses and a full build-out of existing zoning were used to predict
' land-use conditions within the study boundary for the Year 2020. if the Bypass is not
built. For the Year 2020 with the Knightdale Bypass, a maximum build-out scenario
was utilized in addition to data provided by Stantec that modified zoning and land-use
' patterns within the footprint of the Bypass and within interchange areas.
• The Nutrient Export Coefficient Method (Dodd et al. 1992, DWQ 1998) was utilized to
calculate surface nutrient-loading associated for current, future without Bypass by
growth-trend analysis, future without the Bypass by zoning techniques, and future
with the Bypass scenarios.
' Future development within the study bounds without construction of the B ass is
rY YP
predicted to increase TN loading by 13.7 percent and 27.3 percent over current
' loading values for the growth-trend and zoning scenarios, respectively. Similar
analysis for total phosphorus estimates a loading increase of 8.5 percent and 13.6
percent over current values for the growth-trend and zoning scenarios, respectively.
' Indirect and cumulative nutrient incr
• eases of total nitrogen load from runoff
' attributable to the Bypass are 21.1 percent and 8.1 percent over additions predicted
by growth-trends and zoning scenarios for the non-bypass scenarios, respectively.
.Similar comparisons for total phosphorus predict a 15.5 percent and 10.2 percent
19
',

' increase over additions predicted by growth-trends and zoning scenarios for the non-
bypass scenarios, respectively.
' A fate-transport model has been used to predict nitrogen decay due to
biogeochemical processes during transit across the study-boundary stream networks.
' The model predicts less than a 1-percent decay of nitrogen for all current and future
land-use scenarios. The decay rate is independent of load rates, implying that load-
ratio comparisons between land-use scenarios will be constant. The model has had
1 no effect on this analysis.
• The range provided in the literature for specific ExCo values suggests that there is -
' potential for nutrient reduction through application of best management practices
(BMP) and mitigation. Such applications included in a regional land-use plan might
incorporate current and future NCDOT mitigation sites, regional stormwater
' structures, expanded streamside buffers, additional open space, and limitations on
impervious coverage for future developments.
' ESC recommends using case studies of similar controlled access facilities that have
been placed in rural areas to more accurately measure roadway dependent zoning
changes and growth for future nutrient-loading studies of this type.
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V. REFERENCES
' Division of Water Quality (DWQ1. 1998. Neuse River Basinwide Water Quality
Management Plan. N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Water Quality Section, Raleigh, NC.
Dodd, R.C., G. McMahon, and S. Stichter. 1992. Watershed Planning in the Albemarle-
' Pamlico Estuarine System: Annual Average Nutrient Budgets. North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources Report No. 92-10.
' Dunn, D. and L.B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. W.H. Freeman
and Company, N.Y.
' Harman, W.H., G.D. Jennings, J.M. Patterson, D.R. Clinton, L.O. Slate, A.G. Jessup,
J.R. Everhart, and R.E. Smith; 1999. Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry Relationships
for North Carolina Streams. AWRA Wildtand Hydrology Symposium Proceedings.
' AWRA Summer Symposium. Bozeman, MT.
' Stantec Consulting Services Inc. (Stantec) 2001. Final Report: US 64 Knightdale
Bypass Interchange Study. Raleigh, NC. 2001

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