20031625 Ver 0_Monitoring Report_20081216

CLEARWATER ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
December 15, 2009
Ms. Liz Hair
US Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-2638
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NC Division of Water Quality
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Suite 250
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
RE: Bright's Creek
Year 3/2 Monitoring Report
Polk County, North Carolina
Corps Action ID 200430264; DWQ Project # 03-1625
Ms. Hair and Ms. Karoly,
©?-??a5
Jvei'garLO I - ?-
p?c??ae??
DEC 1 d 2009
DENR • WATER GUALf TY
WETLANDS AN-D STORMW,kTER BRANCH
The attached Year 3/2 monitoring report is being submitted on behalf of Bright's Creek
represented by Mr. David Gillespie. Bright's Creek is currently developing a residential
subdivision near Columbus in Polk County, North Carolina and has completed the
require mitigation at the site. Monitoring reports will be submitted annually for an
additional 3 years as stated in permit conditions.
Should you have any questions regarding the attached information please do not hesitate
to contact me at 828-698-9800.
Respectfully,
Rebekah L. Newton
Project Biologist
R. Clement Riddle, P.W.S
Principal
718 Oakland Street
Hendersonville, North Carolina 28791
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
www,cwenv,com
Year 3/2 Monitoring Report for
Compensatory Mitigation Performed at
G y. ?
0 Fr C I-
December 2009
Prepared By:
Clearwater
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
718 Oakland Street
Hendersonville, NC 28791
Table of Contents
1.0 PROJECT ABSTRACT .....................................................................1
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND .............................................................1
2.1. Project Location ................................................................................................. 1
2.2. Project Goals and Objectives .............................................................................. 1
2.3. Restoration Approach ......................................................................................... 2
2.3.1. Design ......................................................................................................... 2
2.3.2. Implementation ........................................................................................... 2
2.4. Project History and Background ......................................................................... 3
3.0 VEGETATION MONITORING .......................................................4
3.1. Vegetation Monitoring Protocol ......................................................................... 4
3.2. Vegetation Success Criteria ................................................................................ 4
3.3. Vegetation Monitoring Results ........................................................................... 5
4.0 STREAM MONITORING .................................................................5
4.1. Stream Monitoring Protocol ............................................................................... 5
4.1.1. Cross-Sections .............................................................................................5
4.1.2. Longitudinal Profile .................................................................................... 5
4.1.3. Reference Photos ........................................................................................ 6
4.2. Stream Success Criteria ...................................................................................... 6
4.2.1. Cross-Sections .............................................................................................6
4.2.2. Longitudinal Profile .................................................................................... 6
4.2.3. Reference Photos ........................................................................................ 6
4.3. Stream Monitoring Results ................................................................................. 6
4.3.1. Cross-Sections .............................................................................................6
4.3.2. Longitudinal Profiles .................................................................................. 8
4.3.3. Reference Photos ........................................................................................ 8
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................8
5.1. Vegetation Monitoring ........................................................................................ 9
5.2. Stream Monitoring .............................................................................................. 9
ii
List of Tables
Table 1. Project Activity and History
Table 2. Project Contacts
Table 3. Tree and Shrub Species Composition
Table 4. Vegetation Monitoring Results
Table 5. Summary of Profile Data
List of Figures
Figure 1. Site Location Map
Figure 2. USGS Topographic Map
Figure 3. Proposed Culvert Drawing
Figures S 1-S2. Locations of Culvert Removal Areas (from mitigation plan)
Figures C1-C7. Details of Culvert Removal Areas (from mitigation plan)
Appendices
Appendix A. Morphological Data and Representative Photos
iii
1.0 PROJECT ABSTRACT
Bright's Creek Golf Club is a residential golf course community located in Polk County,
North Carolina (Figure 1). Bright's Creek received a US Army Corps of Engineers
(Corps) Permit (Action ID No. 200430264) on June 13, 2005 and a NC Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) 401 Water Quality Certification (Project No. 03-1625) on May 26, 2005
authorizing permanent impacts to 1 10 linear feet of unnamed tributaries to Harm's Creek
and relocation of 180 linear feet of an unnamed tributary to Bright's Creek.
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
Bright's Creek removed six (6) existing culverts on site in 2006 and 2007 and restored
stream beds and banks within these areas. This mitigation activity restored
approximately 200 linear feet of stream. Restoration of the culvert sites involved the
removal of the culvert structures and adjacent road embankments; and excavation of new
channels that connected the upstream and downstream reaches.
2.1. Project Location
The project site is in Polk County, North Carolina and is located in the Broad River Basin
(HUC 03050105) and DWQ sub-basin 03-08-03. The site is approximately 7.6 miles
northwest of Columbus, North Carolina. The latitude and longitude for the project area
are 35.3392667°N and 82.2699474°W, respectively. From Asheville, take Interstate 26
east. Turn east onto Highway 74. Turn left onto Highway 108 to the north. Turn left
onto Highway 9 to the west. Turn left onto Silver Creek Road. After crossing Lake
Adger, turn left onto Palmer Road. Palmer Road will end at the entrance to Bright's
Creek Golf Club. A USGS topographic map is included for review (Figure 2).
2.2. Project Goals and Objectives
The objectives of the project were to:
1. Remove existing culverts;
2. Re-connect aquatic habitats;
3. Establish native vegetation through a forested riparian buffer; and
4. Improve the natural aesthetics of the stream corridors.
The culvert removals and stream restorations involved the following steps:
1. Remove culverts and excavate new channels through the road embankments
with disposal of roadbed gravel (if any) outside the limits of the restoration
areas;
2. Construct grade control structures;
3. Apply temporary seed and erosion control matting to the banks; and,
4. Plant native herbaceous and woody vegetation on the banks and at the top of
both banks to establish a vegetative buffer.
2.3. Restoration Approach
2.3.1. Design
The restoration approach was similar for all of the culverts. The culvert and road
embankment were to be removed, a new channel section excavated, and the new banks
seeded, matted and planted with native vegetation. The cross-sectional area for the new
channel section was matched to the cross-sectional area of a stable adjacent section.
Slope was to be controlled by constructing step-pool structures to establish grade control
and protect new banks within the culvert removal areas.
Step-pool structure designs were based upon data gathered in the existing conditions
survey. During the existing conditions survey, the exact length and slope of the restored
channel was determined. The number of structures required at each location was
calculated so that the fall across each structure was as close to 1 foot as possible.
Due to the small size of the stream channels and the existing topography and vegetative
conditions, the most appropriate bank stabilization and planting methods were chosen.
Erosion control matting, seeding, live staking, and containerized tree-shrub planting were
all designed for both rapid and long-term bank stabilization and vegetation survival.
2.3.2. Implementation
Bright's Creek removed five (5) existing culverts on site in 2006 and restored stream
beds and banks within these areas. The original mitigation plan included seven (7)
culvert removal and\or restoration sites. Repairs were made to Crossings 1 - 5 in June
2008. Additionally, a total of 65 trees were planted at Crossings 1 - 5 in June 2008.
Culvert 6 is not included in this mitigation report because the Crossing 6 site involved the
removal of twin 12" CMP and replacement with a bottomless culvert to maintain lower
impact quantities on the project. This crossing was included in the mitigation plan under
planned bank stabilization following installation of the bottomless culverts. At present,
the bottomless culverts has been installed.
Mitigation work on Crossing 7 was performed in December 2007. The stream was
reconstructed with step-pools and the banks stabilized with coir matting. Trees/shrub
plantings and live stakes were installed in March 2008. It should be noted that the work
performed at Crossing 7 is in the vicinity of but is not the exact same location as
indicated in the original mitigation plan. The stream location originally proposed has
been utilized as a utility line right-of-way and cannot be manipulated with heavy
equipment. The current location involved the removal of a 30-foot 12-inch CMP. A total
of 42 linear feet of stream was restored (30 linear feet were proposed in the original
mitigation plan).
The locations of restored crossings are attached in Figures 3, S 1-S2, and C 1-C7.
2
Erosion control matting was placed to the top of bank. Outside of the erosion control
matting, riparian trees and shrubs were planted on 10 to 12-foot centers in agreement
with the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program's "Guidelines for Riparian Buffer
Restoration" in order to obtain a 320 tree/acre density at maturity. Existing vegetation
limited somewhat the number of woody plantings necessary as the riparian corridor had
not been eliminated along the whole restoration length.
2.4. Project History and Background
Table 1: Proiect Activitv and Historv
Activi Planned or Actual Date
USACE 404/DWQ 401 approval May/June 2005
Construction of Crossings 1-5 July 2006
As-built Survey of Crossings 1-5 August 2006
Year 1 Monitoring (MY-1) of Crossings 1-5 August 2007
Construction on Crossing 7 December 2007
As-built Survey on Crossing 7 December 2007
MY-1/As-built Report Submittal
MY-1 on Crossings 1-5
As-built on Crossing 7
December 2007
Planting on Crossing 7 March 2008
Re airs/Plantings on Crossings 1-5 June 2008
Year 2/1 Monitoring (MY-2/1) and Report Submittal
MY-2 on Crossings 1-5
MY-1 on Crossing 7
September/October 2008
Year 3/2 (MY-3/2) Monitoring and Report Submittal
MY-3 on Crossing 1-5
MY-2 on Crossing 7
October/December 2009
Year 4/3 (MY-4/3) Monitoring and Report Submittal Planned for September 2010
Year 5/4 (MY-5/4) Monitoring and Report Submittal Planned for September 2011
Year 5 (MY-5) Monitoring and Report Submittal at Crossing 7 Planned for September 2012
Table 2: Proiect Contacts
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
718 Oakland St
Designer Hendersonville, NC 28791
[phone]
Attn: Clement Riddle
Southern Excavation
Construction and Planting Contractor 165 Chestnut Cove Rd
Brevard, NC 28712
Crossings 1-5 [phone]
Attn: John Rogers
Streamline Restoration, Inc.
Construction and Planting Contractor 250 Thompson Rd
Saluda, NC 28773
Crossing 7 [phone]
Attn: Grant Fulbright
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
718 Oakland St
Monitoring Hendersonville, NC 28791
[phone]
Attn: Clement Riddle
3.0 VEGETATION MONITORING
The success of woody vegetation plantings will be evaluated for 5 years. Table 3
contains a list of species planted at the mitigation sites.
Table 3- Tree and Chrnh Cneeiec Cmmnncitinn

Scientific Name
Common Name Planted Stems
in 2007 Planted Stems
F in 2008
Quercus alcata southern red oak 7
Ilex labra inkberry 2
Platanus occidentalis sycamore 8 20
Cornus amomum silky dogwood 16 18
Betula ni ra river birch 11
Euonymus americanus strawberry bush 2
Vaccinum corymbosum hi hbush blueberry 1
Acer rubrum red maple 9
Dios yros vir iniana persimmon 4
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip tree 5
Oxydendrum arboreum sourwood 2 6
Fraxinus enn lvanica green ash 1
Hamamelis virginiana American witch hazel 6
Viburnum nudum Possumhaw 6
Amelanchier arborea Common serviceberry 6
uercus alba White oak 21
3.1. Vegetation Monitoring Protocol
Survival of planted vegetation will be evaluated using survival counts and all rooted
vegetation will be flagged and evaluated for at least 5 years to determine survival. The
complete planted buffer at each crossing will be assessed due to the small areas planted.
3.2. Vegetation Success Criteria
The total number of surviving stems within the project boundary is used to determine a
density in trees/acre. Success is defined as a density of 320 trees/acre after 5 years; or
greater tree-shrub density due to the establishment of native volunteer species.
4 .-1
3.3. Vegetation Monitoring Results
Table 4: Vegetation Monitoring Resnik
Crossing Target
Stem Stem Count Current
Densit
Number
Count
W-1
MY-2
MY-3
MY-4
MY-5 y
(trees/ac.)
1 24 11 25 33 452
2 16 6 22 28 564
3 8 6 40 44 I 597

4
10
6
16
19
r E627
5 10 6 13 13 385
7 17 24 16 815
F Total 85 59 116 153
*A total of 19 live stakes were counted.
As indicated in Table 4, all crossings met the vegetation success criteria for the 2009
monitoring year. Several locations had growth of volunteer species. Representative
photos are contained in Appendix A and show the general health of the planted buffer
areas.
Herbaceous vegetation consists of primarily Lespedeza cuneata (Chinese lespedeza).
Much of Bright's Creek Golf Club was stabilized with Lespedeza cuneata during earth-
moving activities. The combination of an extensive seed bank and recently disturbed
soils has allowed the Lespedeza cuneata to become dominant in the vicinity of the stream
crossings. Removal of Lespedeza cuneata without damaging planted vegetation would
be difficult and is not planned at this time.
4.0 STREAM MONITORING
Environmental components monitored in this project are those that allow an evaluation of
channel and bank stability. Specifically, the success of channel modification and bank
stabilization will be evaluated for 5 years.
4.1. Stream Monitoring Protocol
4.1.1. Cross-Sections
Permanent cross-sections were established at every crossing. The cross-sections were
marked on both banks with permanent pins to establish the exact transects used. The
annual cross-section surveys will include points measured at breaks in slope and any
identifiable features (bankfull, inner berm, etc.).
4.1.2. Longitudinal Profile
A longitudinal profile will be completed annually at each crossing for a total of 5 years.
Survey points will include thalweg and water surface. Each of these points will be taken
at the head of each feature, e.g. riffle, run, pool, and glide where possible, and the max
pool depth. Average water surface will be used to calculate slope for the project reach.
5
4.1.3. Reference Photos
Photographs used to evaluate restored sites will be made with a digital camera.
Reference sites will be photographed once per year for at least 5 years following
construction. The stream will be photographed longitudinally at the upstream end of the
restoration site looking downstream and at the downstream end of the site looking
upstream. Photographs will be taken of both banks at the cross-sections. The water's
edge or channel's edge will be located in the lower edge of the frame and as much of the
bank as possible included in each photo.
4.2. Stream Success Criteria
4.2.1. Cross-Sections
There should be little or no change in the as-built cross-sections. If changes in the cross-
sections occur, then they should be evaluated to determine if they represent a movement
toward a more unstable condition (down-cutting, erosion) or are minor changes that
represent an increase in stability (settling, vegetative changes, deposition along the banks,
decrease in width/depth ratio).
4.2.2. Longitudinal Profile
The as-built longitudinal profile should show that the bedform features are remaining
stable, e.g. they are not aggrading or degrading. The pools should remain deep with flat
water surface slopes and the steps/riffles should remain steeper and shallower. The
overall slope of the reach, based on average water surface slope, should remain stable.
4.2.3. Reference Photos
Photographs will be used to subjectively evaluate channel aggradation or degradation,
bank erosion, success of riparian vegetation and effectiveness of erosion control
measures. Longitudinal photos should indicate the absences of developing bars within the
channel or an excessive increase in channel depth. Lateral photos should not indicate
excessive erosion or continuing degradation of the bank over time. A series of photos
over time should indicate successional maturation of riparian vegetation. Vegetative
succession should include initial herbaceous growth, followed by increasing densities of
woody vegetation and then ultimately a mature overstory with herbaceous understory.
4.3. Stream Monitoring Results
4.3.1. Cross-Sections
Comparisons of MY-3 cross-sections with previous cross-sections are provided in
Appendix A.
Crossing No.1
The cross-sections taken at Crossing No. 1 during monitoring show a slight
aggradation of bed material and development of a small bench adjacent to the
channel. The channel appears to be moving toward a more stable condition.
6
Crossing No. 2
Cross-section 1 taken at Crossing No. 2 during monitoring shows a slight
aggradation of bed material and a more channalized condition. Despite the
changes is dimension, the channel appears to be stable. Cross-section 2 shows
little to no change.
Crossing No. 3
The step feature at Cross-section 1 shows little to no change in dimension. The
pool surveyed in Cross-section 2 appears to have aggraded since MY-1. The step
structure controlling the pool appears stable. Sediment accumulation in Cross-
section 2 is likely due to sediment inputs upstream of the project area.
Crossing No. 4
During MY-1, the right bank on Crossing No. 4 received erosional damage from
an adjacent stormwater feature. The outlet of the stormwater feature was rerouted
away from the project area and the bank repaired in July 2008. Cross-section 1
shows the erosional feature in MY-1, shows the repair in MY-2, and additional
damage in MY-3. Although the stormwater feature was rerouted, during heavy
precipitation, water appears to be overflowing the basin and continuing to erode
the right bank of the restoration reach. The actual channel shows little to no
change in dimension in Cross-section 1 except for slight aggradation just below
the erosional feature. Cross-Section 2 shows little to no change in channel
dimensions.
Crossing 5
Cross-section 1 shows little to no change in channel dimensions. Cross-section 2
appears to indicate down cutting of the channel; however, it appears to be closer
to the as-built condition than in previous monitoring years. Conditions at the site
appear to be stable.
Crossing 7
Crossing 7 only contained one cross-section. The cross-section shows major
erosion of the left bank; however, the stream bed appears to be in tact. Visual
observations indicate a large storm event caused bank failure. This bank failure
warrants repair at the site.
7
4.3.2. Longitudinal Profiles
Table 5 presents a summary of profile data gathered at each of the crossings.
Tnhh- G• Cnmm? of D.- M. 71.,4.E
Culvert As-bu ilt (2007) MY- 1 (2007 MY-2 2008 MY-3 2009 MY-4 MY-5
No. Slope P-P
Spacing Slope P-P
Spacing Slope P-P
Spacing Slope P-P
Spacing Slope P-P Slope P-P
S acin S acing
1 0.032 19.0 0.007 10.60 0.010* --- 0.002 22.0 ''
2 0.038 15.4 0.036 14.4 0.056 12.9 0.058 14.1 NORM
ow
3 0.035 17.5 0.045 14.64 0.038 11.1 0.059 11
n
9fiffim
4 0.041 11.5 0.046 11.5 0.051 28.5 0.052 10 WHO W
P
5 0.049 16.2 0.051 19.9 0.053 20.6 0.052 17.4 ,
T
7 0.096 12.3 0.097 16.2 0.168 17 . -.• .? - -
'Based on stream bed due to lack of surface water
Crossing 1
The slope for the reach has continually decreased since the as-built survey from
sediment accumulation. Sediment accumulation is likely due to sediment inputs
upstream of the project area and periods of low flows.
Crossing 2
The slope at Crossing 2 is virtually unchanged from MY-2.
Crossing 3
The slope at Crossing 3 is slightly higher than in MY-2. The longitudinal profile
measured in MY-3 is slightly longer than the longitudinal profile measured in
MY-2 and an additional drop was captured in the profile. This accounts for the
difference in slope. Visual observations of the longitudinal profiles comparing
MY-1 to MY-2 show little to no change.
Crossing 4
The slope at Crossing 4 is virtually unchanged from MY-2.
Crossing 5
The slope at Crossing 5 is virtually unchanged from MY-2.
Crossing 7
The slope at Crossing 7 is slightly higher than in MY-l. This restoration reach
received damage from high flows which most likely impacted the channel slope.
4.3.3. Reference Photos
Photos from each of the crossings are contained in Appendix A.
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bright's Creek removed six (6) existing culverts on site in 2006 and 2007 and restored
stream beds and banks within these areas. This mitigation activity restored
approximately 200 linear feet of stream. Restoration of the culvert sites involved the
8
removal of the culvert structures and adjacent road embankments and excavation of new
channels that connected the upstream and downstream reaches.
5.1. Vegetation Monitoring
During the 2009 monitoring event, all sites met the target density of 320 trees per acre
based on planted and volunteer species. Herbaceous vegetation consists of primarily
Lespedeza cuneata (Chinese lespedeza). Much of Bright's Creek golf club was stabilized
with Lespedeza cuneata during earth-moving activities. The combination of an extensive
seed bank and disturbed soils has allowed the Lespedeza cuneata to become dominant in
the vicinity of the stream crossings. No further action is recommended at this time.
5.2. Stream Monitoring
Most of the daylighted stream channels and banks appear stable in cross-section and
profile with the exception of the right bank of Crossing No. 4 and Crossing No. 7. CEC
recommends remedial action at Crossing No. 4 and 7.
At Crossing No. 4, CEC recommends minimal backfilling of the erosional feature on the
right bank and matting and seeding the area. Further building up of the bank of the
sediment basin could alleviate the overflow problem.
Crossing No. 7 needs to be reconstructed in accordance with the approved mitigation
plan. The step feature is still in place and appears to be stable; however, the banks need
to be rebuilt and reshaped. Any vegetation lost as a result of the bank failure will need to
be replaced.
9

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Phase 1 Environmental Consultants, Inc.
718 Oakland St
Cliffield Mountain Quad
Polk County, NC Hendersonville, NC 28791 Figure 2
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DATE- 02/23/05
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DATE: 3/1/5
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Lgn . B R I G H T' S CREEK 6003050
CULVERT 7 DATE: 3/1/5
,? . ., SCALE: 1 °=20' C7
Appendix A
Morphological Data and
Representative Photographs
Cross-Section 1
Cross-Section 2
96
95
94
? 93
0
a
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W
91
90
89

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Station (ft)
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Cross-Section 1
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99
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w
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0 5 10 Station (ft) 15
Cross-Section 2
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Cross-section 2. Left looking right.
Longitudinal Profile. Upstream looking downstream.
Crossing 3
Cross-Section 1
100
99
° 98
w
97
96
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Station (ft)
Cross-Section 2
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99 -
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Cross-Section 2
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