20030503 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_20030421

North Carolina ?
Department of Environment and Natural o? •o
'
f
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary NCDENFI
Apri121, 2003
MEMORANDUM FIL TTodd St. John E Copy
From: Cherri Smith
Subject: Permit Application for Little Beaver Creek Stream and Wetland
Restoration, Wake County
Please find the enclosed permit application and design for a stream restoration project
on approximately 5,560 linear feet of Little Beaver Creek in Wake County. This project
also involves the restoration and enhancement of approximately 4.75 and 0.7 acres of
riparian wetlands, respectively. The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program
(NCWRP) has negotiated a conservation easement that totals 51 acres and encompasses
much of the floodplain of this creek. Copies of the permit application and restoration plan
have been sent to the attention of Steve Mitchell in the DENR- Raleigh Regional Office.
If you would like to discuss this project or need additional information, please feel free
to call me at 715-3466. Thank you for your assistance with this project.
cc: Steve Mitchell
wETZANVs1401 GRpup
APR 2 1 1U? ?
yAr?RQUAU
?'SECr?04t
1601 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1601
Phone: 919 - 733-4984 \ FAX: 919 - 715-3060 \ Internet: www.enr.state.nc.us/ENRJ
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY \ AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - 50% RECYCLED / 10% POST CONSUMER PAPER
oF W ArF9 Michael F. Easley
?O? pG Governor
U? r William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan Klimek, PE
Division of Water Quality
April 25, 2003
Mr. Ron Ferrell
Wetlands Restoration Program
1619 MSC
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Subject: Stream Restoration/Enhancement
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, NC
DWQ# 030503
Dear Mr. Ferrell:
This Office is in receipt of the revised plans for the stream restoration and enhancement project of
approximately 4609 feet of Little Beaver Creek and 951 feet of unnamed tributaries in the Cape Fear River
Basin submitted to this Office on April 21, 2003. DWQ Staff reviewed the plans and determined that stream
restoration and/or enhancement would be achieved.
The stream impacts associated with the project may proceed without written approval from the Division. Please
be advised that seven copies of a complete, formal application and a$475.00 fee is required for projects
intended for compensatory mitigation credit (see General Certification No. 3399, issued March 2003). Any
request for mitigation credit shall be addressed under separate cover.
If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Mr. Todd St. John at [phone].
R. Dorney
nds Unit Supervis r
cc: Mr. Todd St. John, Wetlan
Cherri Smith, WRP
Raleigh Regional Office
File
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
Variables Proposed Reach Check Results Reference Reach Check Results Range SGS Staticsting Channel
1. stream Nce
2. drainage area 1.1 0.3 1.1
3. bankfull width 17.1 14.4 19.68142
4. bankfull mean depth 122 1.23 0.85 1.17 1.16175
5. widuvdepm ra6o 14.02 B Of C 16.94 B Or C
6. bankfull cross-sectionai area 21 16.9 22.86489
7. bankfull mean velocity
8. bankfull discharge, cfs
9. bankfull mau depth 2.2 1.80 ok 2 2.35 CHECK 2.73353
10. width of eoodprone area 50 125 170.8456
11. entrenchment ratio 2.92 C Or E 8.68 C Or E
12, meander lergm 75 52 71.07179
13. reNO of ineander lergth to bankfull vndth
14. Radius of curvamre
34 4.39 too small?
14 3.61 too small?
19.13471
15. Ratio of 2dius of curvature to bankfull witlth 1.99 t00 Srt1211? 0.97
16. eelt widih 60 16 21.86824
17. Meander vndth ratio 3.51 1.11
ta sinuosity (stream IengWvalley length) 1.3 1.30 12 1.20
19. Valley Slope 0.0074 0.0061
20. Average slope 0.0057 0.0051
21. Pool slope 0.001
22. Ratio of pool slope ro ave2ge slope 0.18 0.00
23. Maximum pod depth 3.7 2.$ 3.826942
24. Ratio of pool depth to average bankfull depM 3.03 too large? 3.29 too large?
zs. Pool width 22 19 25.96854
26. Fatio of pool width to bankfull width 1.29 14.313327 1.32
27. Pod to pool spadng 58.5 n/a 30 41.00295
28. Rado ot pool to pool spacing to bankfull widM 3.42 A Of B 2.08 t00 SfTldll?
29. Ratio of lowest bank height to bankfull height (or max bankfull depth) 1
Regional Curve Predictions for Design Reach Predicted XSec Pred Discharge Bkiw Bkfd
Urban Peidmont 65.00680106 359.6789093 25.72268 2.536184046
Rural Piedmont 22.86489424 95.3647522 12.387416 1.546453687
Rural nnountain 23.05694655 108.2004505 19.73378 1.143285541
Coastai Piain 14.15372749 18.30790241 11236833 1.245715623
CoastaJ Plain 9.956902352 9.450337436 9.9955398 1.014208959
Design Reach 21 0 17.1 1.22
avg bed
Regional Curve Predictions for Reference Reach Predicted X-Sec Pred Discharge Bk(w Bkfd
urban Peidmont 28.30251829 171.5063709 16.972638 1.6734545 mean
Rural Piedmont 9.450714079 37.42074717 7.0850675 1.020399085
Rural Mountain 9.530094785 40.30721405 12.201967 0.764241413
Coasial Plain 9.751209083 13.857022 7.3626123 1.423969383
CoastW Plain 3.757687631 3.520473087 6.1007483 0.635315904
Reference Reach 16.9 0 14.4 0.85
46.11979535 153.7728383 14.194971
8.6638221 diagram
diagram
Sediment Trensport Analysis ala Rosgen tor D50 >2mm
d50 mm mm active channel D50 oniy
ds50 mm mm subsurtace D50
Tci #DIV/0f dimensionless
Tci #DIV/0!
Di (largest) f 0
S ft/ft 0.0057
Dbkf proposi 1.22
Dbkf needec #DIV/0!
Di mm mm
BKF A 21 ft2
wetted perirr 20.55068 ft
gRS=Tc 0.3634571b/ft2
Shields pred mm
Shields pred Ibs/ft2
average bed slope for reach not just riffle
21.3262
16.80416 ?
0.320055
?
??
M
r
r ?
?E ci
Office Use Only:
USACE Action ID No.
DWQ No.
If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A" rather than
leaving the space blank.
1. Processing
Form Version October 2001
WETLANDS 14p1 GROUP
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project: APR 2 1 2003
Z Section 404 Permit
? Section 10 Permit VIIATER Ql1AliTY SECTION
Z 401 Water Quality Certification
? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Nationwide 27
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (see section VIII - Mitigation), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
Owner/Applicant Information
Name: North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program
Mailing Address: 1619 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Telephone Number: 919-715-3466 Fax Number: 919-733-5321
E-mail Address: [e-mail]
2. Agent Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter must be
attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: N/A
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:
E-mail Address:
Fax Number:
Page 5 of 12
r
.
III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project
Little Beaver Creek Stream and Wetlands Restoration
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Wake Nearest Town: Apex
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): Take U.S. 1 south to Highwax
55. Go north on 55 and take a right onto Humie Olive Road. Take a left onto Olive Farm
Road (dirt road) and go to end of road.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long):
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct water body.)
6. Describe the existing land use or condition of the site at the time of this application:
Little Beaver Creek is an incised channel with an unstable pattern that is actively migrating.
The main factor contributing to the degradation of Little Beaver Creek is cattle farming that
occurred on this site in the past.
7. Property size (acres): Conservation easement is 51.1 acres.
8. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): B. Everett Jordan Lake
9. River Basin: Cape Fear River Basin
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
Page 6 of 12
10. Describe the purpose of the proposed work: Stabilize Little Beaver Creek by restoring the
proper e?metry of this creek to improve water quality and reduce sediment load generated
bv eroding banks. Restore h d? rolo i? c regime to degraded wetlands to improve flood storage,
biogeochemical cycling, and plant and animal habitat.
11. List the type of equipment to be used to construct the project: Track-hoe and loader.
12. Describe the land use in the vicinity of this project: The surrounding area is currentlv
primarily agricultural, but pressure from residential development is rapidly increasinQ.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application:
No future permit requests are anticipated.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Page 7 of 12
1. Wetland Impacts
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma )
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
( es/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***
N/A

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Yeaz floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at http:/lwww.fema.gov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.)
List the total acreage (estimated) of existing wetlands on the property: 1.5 acres
Total area of wetland impact proposed:
2. Stream Impacts, including all intermittent and perennial streams
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma )
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Im act Perennial or
Intermittent?
( lease s ecif )
N/A

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear fee[ before and after, anci net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online
www.usms.gov. Several internet sites also allow direc[ download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topoione.com,
www.mapquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: N/A
Page 8 of 12
Open Water Impacts, including Lakes, Ponds, Estuaries, Sounds, Atlantic Ocean and any
other Water of the U.S.
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma )
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Name of Waterbod
(if applicable) y Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
ba , ocean, etc.)
N!A

* List each impact sepazately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
4. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): N/A
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.): N/A
Size of watershed draining to pond: N/A Expected pond surface area: N/A
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
The temnorarv imnacts are unavoidable due the nature of stream restoration work. The
construction will be sta eg d and performed in such a manner that the disturbance to the aquatic
svstem is minimal.
Page 9 of 12
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmgide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP) with the NCWRP's written agreement. Check the box indicating that
you would like to pay into the NCWRP. Please note that payment into the NCWRP must be
reviewed and approved before it can be used to satisfy mitigation requirements. Applicants
will be notified early in the review process by the 401/Wetlands Unit if payment into the
NCWRP is available as an option. For additional information regarding the application
process for the NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If
use of the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide
the following information:
3. Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): N/A
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): N/A
Page 10 of 12
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N!A
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
IX. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Only)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public funds or the use of public (federal/state/local)
land?
Yes ? No ?
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ? No E
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ? No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (DWQ Only)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ? No X If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(s uare feet)
Multiplier Required
Miti ation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 3U Yeet perpendicular trom near bank of channel; "Lone Z extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
Page 11 of 12
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or.0260.
XI. 5tormwater (DWQ Only)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
XII. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Only)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
XIII. Violations (DWQ Only)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No ?
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ? No ?
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
-- - -
ApplicandAgent's ignature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 12
STREAM & WETLAND
RESTORATION PLAN
Little Beaver Creek
?-
?
?

? 0
o
c

c?
?
? c
_ . L
?

?
Q?
t C
a?
'
'
,
Wake County, North Carolina
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR_DWQ
March 2003

E A R T H@ T E C H
A tqCD INTERNATIONAL LTD. COMPANY
710 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 475
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Strenm Mitigation Plnn
Little Beai-er Creek, Wake CountV, NC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... ...1
1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................... .. 1
1.3 STREAM SURVEY METHODOLOGY ....................................................................... .. 4
1.4 BANKFLILL VERIFICAT'ION .................................................................................... .. 4
1.5 WETLAND AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES EVALUATION ...................................... .. S
2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS ........................................................................................ ...7
2.1 WATERSHED ....................................................................................................... ..7
2.1.1 General Description of the Watershed ..................................................... .. 7
2.1.2 Surface Waters Classification .................................................................. ..9
2.1.3 Soils of the Watershed ............................................................................. ..9
2.1.4 Land Use of the Watershed ...................................................................... 10
2.2 RESTORATION SI1'E .............................................................................................. 12
2.2.1 Site Description ....................................................................................... 12
2.2.2 Existing Stream Characteristics ............................................................... 12
2.2.3 Soils of the Restoration Site .................................................................... 13
2.2.4 Terrestrial Plant Communities ................................................................. 13
2.2.5 Hydrology ................................................................................................ 17
2.2.6 Wildlife Observations and Protected Species .......................................... 18
3.0 REFERENCE REACHES AND VVETLANDS ......................................................... .19
3.1 RICHLAND CREEK ................................................................................................ 19
3.2 LITTLE BEAVER CREEK ........................................................................................ ZI
3.3 LITTLE BEAVER CREEK REFERENCE WETLAND ................................................... 21
4.0 STREAM & WETLAND RESTORATION DESIGN .............................................. .23
4.1 RESTORATION TECHNIQUES ................................................................................. 25
4.1.1 Dimension ................................................................................................ 25
4.1.2 Pattern ...................................................................................................... 27
4.1.3 Bedform ................................................................................................... 27
4.1.4 Structures ................................................................................................. 27
4.1.5 Wetlands .................................................................................................. 27
4.1.6 Riparian Buffers ....................................................................................... 33
4.2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ........................................................................................ 33
4.3 FLOODING ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 34
4.4 HABITAT RESTORA'TION ....................................................................................... 35
4.4.1 Site Preparation ........................................................................................ 36
4.4.2 Streambank Vegetation ............................................................................ 37
4.4.3 Riparian Buffer ........................................................................................ 38
4.4.4 Wetlands .................................................................................................. 39
4.4.5 Habitat Enhancements ............................................................................. 39
5.0 MONITORING AND SUCCESS CRITERIA .......................................................... .40
5.1 REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHS .................................................................................. 40
5.2 CHANNEL STABII.,TTY ........................................................................................... 40
5.3 PLarrT SuxvrvAL ................................................................................................. 41
5.4 GAUGE MONIT'ORING ........................................................................................... 41
7.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... .43
March 2003
I
I
I
?
I
I
I
I
I
LJ
I
I
11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Streani Mitigation Plan
Lirtfe Beaver Creek, Wake Countv, NC
TABLES
Table I. Species Under Federal Protection in Wake County .................................. 18
Table 2. Morphological Characteristics .................................................................. 24
FIGURES
Figure l Location Map ............................................................................................. 2
Figure 2 Vicinity Map ............................................................................................ .. 3
Figure 3 North Carolina Regional Curve ................................................................ .. 6
Figure 4 Little Beaver Creek Watershed ................................................................ .. 8
Figure 5 Aerial Photograph of Watershed .............................................................. 11
Figure 6 Soils ....................................................................................................... 14
Figure 7 Existing Conditions .................................................................................. 15
Figure 8 Richland Creek ......................................................................................... 20
Figure 9 Little Beaver Creek and Wetland ............................................................. 22
Figure 10 Proposed Stream Restoration Plan ........................................................... 26
Figure I I A Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross-Sections-Reach 1 ........................... 28
Figure I I B Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross-Sections-Reach 2 ........................... 29
Figure 11 C Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross-Sections-Reach 3 ........................... 30
Figure 11 D Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross-Sections-Tributaries ....................... 31
Figure 12 Proposed Profile ....................................................................................... 32
APPENDICES
Appendix A Photo Log
Appendix B Existing Conditions Data
Appendix C Hydrographs
Appendix D Reference Reach Data
Appendix E HEC-RAS Model Output
March 2003
ii
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Streant Mitigation Plmt
Litrfe Beaver Creek, Wake County, NC
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) has identified Little
Beaver Creek as a potential stream and wetland restoration site. Flowing directly into B.
Everett Jordan Lake and once a tributary to Beaver Creek, Little Beaver Creek (NCDWQ
Stream Index Number - 16-41-11-(1)) is located on agricultural land southwest of Apex
in Wake County, North Carolina (Figure 1).
Stream restoration requires determining how far a stream has departed from its natural
stability and then, establishing the stable form under the current hydrologic conditions
within the drainage area. The proposed stream restoration will construct a stable meander
geometry, modify channel cross-sections, raise the existing streambed elevation where
possible, and establish a floodplain at the new stream elevation, thus, restoring a stable
dimension, pattern, and profile.
The proposed wetlands restoration will restore hydrology and native vegetation in
existing soils exhibiting hydric characteristics. These restorations are based on analysis
of current watershed hydrologic conditions, evaluation of soils and vegetation of the
project site, and assessments of stable stream reference reaches and wetland reference
sites.
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Little Beaver Creek project site is located southwest of Apex in Wake County, North
Carolina. The project is fully contained within the property of two landowners.
Conservation easements have already been purchased by the NCWRP. The conservation
easements total 51.1 acres. The project reach is bounded by the property boundaries to
the east (upstream) and to the west (downstream) (Figure 2). Adjacent hill slopes
surround the project reach to the north and south. The project area contains the majority
of Little Beaver Creek's floodplain. Olive Farm Road provides access to the project site.
1.2 GOALS AND OSJECTIVES
This project has the following goals and objectives:
• Restore 4,609 linear feet of Little Beaver Creek (as measured along the centerline)
and 951 linear feet of unnamed tributaries to Little Beaver Creek.
• Provide a stable stream channel that neither aggrades nor degrades while maintaining
its dimension, pattern, and profile with the capacity to transport its watershed's water
and sediment load.
• Improve water quality and reduce erosion by stabilizing the stream banks.
• Reconnect the stream to its floodplain.
March 2003
I
'
' i.
:i
c
1
,
'
?
,
'
'
?
'
'
,
'
'
'
'
? ?AP?X N
?

0

.
?

_

? i

.

I

;,
r .
,
.
: .
.
,
,
10

i
o

i I
?

?

,
\I

?

?
?

f I

i

,
,
1?
ie livo
k
j - f
n
06 blu
,
?
-?
,
-
? ?? ?
?
;
?? • Site
i ?

_
C?e
;.

?
?
? i
i

-, .? ,

?
'

'? ? ,
-L
?
j
?- -• ?
?
c
.

?
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
I
I
I
'
Stream Mitigation Plan
Little Beaver Creek, Wake Counh% NC
'
• Improve aquatic habitat with the use of natural material stabilization structures such
' as root wads, rock vanes, woody debris, and a riparian buffer.
• Provide aesthetic value, wildlife habitat, and bank stability through the creation or
' enhancement of a riparian zone.
• Restore characteristic hydrologic regime to disturbed wetlands.
• Restore characteristic plant communities and animal habitat to disturbed wetlands.
• Inerease the capacity of disturbed wetlands to perform characteristic funetions such as
' flood storage, biogeochemical cycling, runoff attenuation, and maintenance of plant
and animal habitat and species diversity.
'
1.3 STREAM SURVEY METHODOLOGY
' The US Forest Service publication, "General Technica] Report RM-245, Stream Channel
Reference Sites: An Illustrated Guide to Field Technique," is used as a guide when taking
field measurements. Accurate field measurements are critical to deterrnine the present
' condition of the existing channel, conditions of the floodplain, and watershed drainage
patterns.
t Earth Tech contracted surveyors of Chas. H. Sells, Inc. to conduct a topographic survey
of the restoration site in February 2002. This mapping was used to evaluate present
conditions, new channel alignment and grading volumes. Mapping also provided
' locations of property pins, large trees, vegetation lines, culverts, roads, and elevation
contours.
' A walkover of the property was conducted to better evaluate the drainage properties of
the area surrounding the restoration site. Wake County provided Geographic Information
System (GIS) data to evaluate the watershed. A windshield survey was also conducted to
' determine the existing conditions within the watershed.
Field surveys of the existing stream channel and site were conducted on March 27 and
? 28, 2002. Photographs of the site were taken and are provided in Appendix A. During
the site visits, ten (10) cross-sections were taken using standard differential leveling
techniques. These cross-sections were used to gather detail on the present dimension and
' condition of the channel. Cross-sectional area was calculated using the bankfull features.
See Appendix B for a copy of the existing condition surveys.
, 1.4 BANKFULL VERIFICATION
The foundation of Rosgen classification system is the concept of bankfull stage, which is
' the point of incipient flooding. The width/depth and entrenchment ratios described above
depend on the correct assessment of bankfull. If bankfull is incorrectly determined in the
' field, the entire restoration effort will be based on faulty data. It is important to verify the
physical indicators observed in the field with either gage data or a regional curve to
ensure the correct assessment of the bankfull stage.
'
March 2003
' 4
? Strennt Mitigation Plan
Litrle Beuver Creek, Wake Countv, NC
' The bankfull stage is determined in the field using physical indicators. The following is a
list of commonly used indicators that define bankfull (Rosgen. 1996):
' • The presence of a floodplain at the elevation of incipient flooding.
• The eleva[ion associated with the top of the highest depositional feature (e.g. point
' bars, central bars within the active channel). These depositional features are
especially good stage indicators for channels in the presence of terrace or adjacent
? colluvial slopes.
• A break in slope of the bank and/or a change in the particle size distribution, since
finer material is associated with deposition by overflow, rather than deposition of
' coarser material within the active channel.
• Evidence of an inundation feature such as small benches below bankfull.
• Staining of rocks.
' The dominant bankfull indicators along Little Beaver Creek are high scour lines and
breaks in slope along the backs of point bars.
, The most common method of verifying bankfull stage is to compare the field determined
bankfull stage with measured stages at a stream gaging station. This calibration can be
' performed if there is a stream gage within the study area's hydrophysiographic region.
In ungaged areas, Rosgen recommends verifying bankfull with the development of
' regional curves. The regional curves normally plot bankfull discharge (Qbkf), cross-
sectional area, width, and depth as a function of drainage area. The cross-sectional areas
of Little Beaver Creek and the reference reach sites used for this report are plotted on the
? Rural, Piedmont Regional Curve of North Carolina developed by the North Carolina
State University (NCSU) Water Quality Group, 2000 (Figure 3).
? Data obtained from field surveys described in Section 2.2.2 was used to compute the
morphological characteristics shown on the graph. The cross-sectional area for Little
Beaver Creek plots along the trend line for the Rural Regional Curve. The bankfull
t cross-sectional area for the design channel was determined from evaluating the North
Carolina regional curve relationships and comparing them to the reference reach sites
surveyed near the restoration site.
' 1.5 WETLAND AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES EVALUATION
' Field surveys were conducted by Earth Tech biologists on several occasions between
March and July, 2002. Plant communities were identified and classified based on species
composition, hydrology, topoedaphic characteristics, disturbance history, and other
' environmental factors. Associated wildlife was identified by visual observations and
characteristic signs (sounds, tracks, scats, and burrows), but no active searches were
conducted. Terrestrial community classifications generally follow Schafale and Weakley
' (1990) and NatureServe (2002) where appropriate. Plant taxonomy follows Radford et al.
(1968). Vertebrate taxonomy follows Rohde et al. (1994), Conant et al. (1998), the
' American Ornithologists' Union (2002), and Webster et al. (1985). Vegetative
March 2003
1 5
?
,
f`
' `..
?
,
'
'
?
'
?
'
'
,
'
,
'
?
?
i
NC Rural Piedmont Regional Curve
1000.0
?
? 100.0
d
a -.
. .:

co N
x .?
m
? 10.0
m
1.0
0.1 1 10
Watershed Area - A, (Sq. Mi.)
100 1000
?
,
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR DWQ_
FIGURE 3
North Carolina Regional Curve
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
, Srrecrm Mitigation Plan
Little Becn-er Creek, Wake County. NC
?
communities were mapped using aerial photography of the project tiite. Predictions
' regarding wildlife community composition involved general qualitative habitat
assessment based on existing vegetative communities and previously published reports.
, Earth Tech personnel performed detailed soil surveys to verify the findings of a previous
feasibility study and to evaluate a new parcel that was added to the study area. A series
of soil borings were performed across the site at selected points based upon field
' observations, vegetation, and topography. Soil properties and profiles were described,
and the depth to groundwater or hydric indicators noted.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
?
Wetland areas were identified and delineated in accordance with criteria established in
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlctnds Delineation Mcuzccal (USACE, 1987).
Wetlands identified in the feasibility study were flagged and mapped by the survey crew.
Wetlands identified by Earth Tech were flagged and mapped using GPS survey
techniques.
Continuously-recording groundwater monitoring gauges (Remote Data Systems,
Whiteville, NC) were installed to determine jurisdictional wetland hydrology. Hydrology
is considered jurisdictional when groundwater is within 12 inches of the surface for 5 to
12.5% of the growing season (12-29 days for Wake County) under normal rainfall
conditions. The growing season in Wake County is from March 26 to November 10, a
length of 230 days. Gauges were installed according to the specifications of Technical
Note HY-IA-3.1 (USACE 1993). Nine gauges were installed on the study area in April
and June 2002. After a reference area was identified and landowner permission was
obtained, two wells were also installed on the reference site in August 2002. Monitoring
has continued monthly up to the present time.
2.1 WATERSHED
2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
2.1.1 General Description of the Watershed
Little Beaver Creek, a first order stream, is located within the Piedmont Physiographic
Province of the Cape Fear River Basin (USGS Cataloging Unit 03030002). The
watershed is located to the southwest of Apex, in Wake County, North Carolina. The
headwaters of the project originate approximately 0.75 miles to the east of the restoration
site. From the headwaters, Little Beaver Creek flows for approximately 4.5 miles before
emptying into B. Everett Jordan Lake. Several tributaries enter Little Beaver Creek along
its extent.
The watershed is approximately 1.11 square miles (711 Acres) and is oriented east to
west in the shape of a teardrop (Figure 4). The watershed has an average width of 4,500
feet from the headwaters to its outlet. The topography is gently sloping with relatively
flat floodplains occurring along Little Beaver Creek. Land surface elevations range from
March 2003
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Strecun Mitigntioi: Plan
Lirtle Becu•er Creek, Wcrke Courah', NC
approximately 270 to 390 feet above mean sea level. Areas of hydric soils are common
along the tlat, narrow drainageways of this watershed. Few intact wetland communities
are present, however, as a result of alterations to accommodate agricultural and
residential land uses.
2.1.2 Surface Waters Classification
Surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a classification by the DWQ that is
designed to maintain, protect, and enhance water quality within the state. Little Beaver
Creek (NCDWQ Stream Index Number - 16-41-I1-(1)) is classified as a Water Supply
Watershed IV NSW (WS-N NSW) (NCDENR, 2001). WS-N waters are used as
sources of water supply for drinking, culinary, or food processing purposes for those
users where a more protective classification (WS-I, II or III) is not feasible. WS-IV
waters are generally in moderately to highly developed watersheds or Protected Areas.
The NSW classification is for waters that need additional nutrient management strategies
for both point and nonpoint source pollution.
2.1.3 Soils of the Watershed
The soils found in the watershed and adjacent to the stream can help determine the bed
and bank materials occurring in the stream. The Rosgen stream classification system
uses average particle size within the bankfull channel to help classify the stream.
Knowing the make up of the soils in the watershed assists in understanding the
anticipated bedload and sediment transport capacity of the stream.
Soils in upland areas within the watershed consist primarily of sandy loam soils listed
below. Soil maps and descriptions are taken from the Soil Surveyo uf Wake County (NRCS
1971).
• Altavista fine sandy loam (Afa), 04% slopes: This nearly level to gently sloping
soil occurs on low terraces near major streams. It was formed in alluvial deposits
under forest vegetation. The soil is deep, moderately well drained, and has moderate
permeability. Subsoils are a friable sandy clay. Flooding is infrequent and of short
duration. Depth to the seasonally high water table is 2 feet.
• Creedmoor sandy loam (CrB2,CrC2), 2-6% and 6-10°Io slopes, eroded: These
soils occur on broad, smooth interstream divides and narrow side slopes. They were
formed under forest vegetation in material weathered from sandstone, mudstone, and
shale of Triassic origin. Surface layers are 3-7 inches thick. The soils are moderately
well drained, have slow permeability, and medium to rapid runoff. Subsoils are a
slowly permeable, sandy clay loam that causes a perched water table during wet
seasons.
• Creedmoor sandy loam (CrE), 10-20% slopes: This soil occurs on narrow side
slopes. It was formed under forest vegetation in material weathered from sandstone,
mudstone, and shale of Triassic origin. Surface layers are 7-15 inches thick. The soils
have good infiltration, but slow permeability and medium to rapid runoff. Subsoils
March 2003
I
9
C
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Strecun Mirigation Plan
Litrle Becn er Creek, Wake Coun!y, NC
are a slowly permeable, sandy clay loam that causes a perched water [able during wet
seasons.
• Granville sandy loam (GrB), 2-6% slopes: This deep, well-drained soil occurs on
gently sloping uplands. It was formed under forest vegetation in material weathered
from sandstone, mudstone, and shale of Triassic origin. Infiltration is good and runoff
is medium. The soils have a high aluminum content and are strongly acid. Depth to
the seasonally high water table is greater than 10 feet.
• Mayodan sandy loam (MfB), 2-6% slopes: This moderately deep soil occurs over
hard rock on broad, smooth interstream divides. It was formed under forest vegetation
in material weathered from sandstone, mudstone, and shale of Triassic origin. The
surface layer is 7-I5 inches thick. The soil is well drained, has moderate permeability,
and medium runoff. Subsoils are a firm clay loam to clay. Depth to the seasonally
high water table is greater than 10 feet.
• Mayodan sandy loam (MfB2, MfC2) 2-6% and 6-10% slopes, eroded: These soils
occur on narrow side slopes. They were formed under forest vegetation in material
weathered from sandstone, mudstone, and shale of Triassic origin. Surface layers are
3-7 inches thick. The soils are well drained, have moderate permeability, and medium
to rapid runoff. Subsoils are a firm clay loam to clay. Depth to the seasonally high
water table is greater than 10 feet.
• White Store sandy loam (Ws B2, WsC2), 2-6°Io and 6-10% slopes, eroded: These
soils occur on broad, smooth interstream divides and narrow side slopes. They were
formed under forest vegetation in material weathered from sandstone, mudstone, and
shale of Triassic origin. Surface layers are 3-6 inches thick. The soils are moderately
well drained, have slow permeability, and medium to rapid runoff. Subsoils are a
slowly permeable, very firm clay that causes a perched water table during wet
seasons.
2.1.4 Land Use of the Watershed
Analysis of historic aerials dating as far back as 1954 reveals that the watershed has
remained relatively unchanged. The stream appears to have been located in the same
area as it currently exists. The most significant changes to the watershed occurred
between 1965 and 1971. The land surrounding the northern tributary was reforested, and
the three most eastern fields were cleared.
The largest developed area is along the downstream half of the project site with the upper
portions of the watershed remaining almost entirely forested. The majority of the
developed areas are scattered along the perimeter of the watershed along the major roads.
Land use within the watershed is 77°Io forested (Figure 5). Figure 5 is a current aerial
from the Wake County GIS Department with each land use area delineated. Agricultural
fields and pastures account for 13% of the area while the remaining 10% is a combination
of low-density residential areas, roadways, and waterbodies.
March 2003
10
1 X
?
' N
U
?
JL)
a
?
N
M
1 ?
?
Y
I
I
I
I
,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

293
291

?
289 ?4t
?
287
Z85 I ?
?
2?
Bankfull
281
&79
c
0
;Zn
m
w 9
?

275
273 ?

\
271
Thalweg
269
267
265

263
0
0
+
O 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
+ + + + +
N tt w a0 O 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
+ + + +
N le w c0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
+ + + +
O N a 10 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
+ + + +
CO O N ? 0 o c o 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
+ + + + + +
? a0 O N le tD
r r ? r r N N N N N l'9 m m M m a 'e le N N N Lo
Station (ft)
,
P
6
rogram
on
N.C. WeUandsBestora
NCDINR DWQ
FIGURE 12
Proposetl Stream Profile
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina

'
/
ul
�
/
/
_

,
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
'
?
'
,
?
'
?
l
Photo Log
Little Beaver Creek Restoration Plan
Picture:
Existing riffle
?er Creek (LB(
material along the upper reach of
near confluence of the
? shown in Picture 1.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
dorthern
I
Picture 3. Stable reach of Southern Tributary above LBC floodplain.
?
'
?
i
i
1
1
t
i
1
?
'
?
'
'
?
'
?
,
- ------- - • ---__.. _----- -- ---- - ?--------- ----------a- ., _.
'
?
,
?
?
'
'
r
?
?
?
?
?
'
'
?
1
?
,
I Picture 7. Condition of LBC above Nc?rthern Drainage #2.
Picture 8. Northern Drainage # 2(E4).
'
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
,
'
?
?
i
1
1
1
1
?
i
Picri
Picture
ed.
the right and LBC to the left.
'
?
'
'
?
,
?
?
,
'
?
?
?
?
?
'
'
?
'
Picture 11. Natural grade control structure located in-between Field #1 and #2.
Picture
hind the viewer.
I
I
L__J
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Picture 13. Condition of LBC along Field #2.
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Fiefd Crew: Ben Goetz, Jan Patterson
River 6asin: Cape Fear
Watershed: Little Beaver Creek
StreamReach_ OliveTract
Draiange Area: 0.58 sp mi(370 ac)
Date: 2/2612002
Description: LBC above southem trib & below northem trib
Feature: CS#1, Riffie
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(Feet) (Feet) (Feet) (Feet)
0+00.0
0+08
0 105.18
10
18 5.18
19 100.00
99
99
.
0+14.0 5.
105.18 5.
4.99 .
100.19
0+23.0 105.18 4.76 100.42 LTOB
0+24.0 105.18 5.48 99.70
0+25.0 105.18 6.99 98.19
0+25.8 105.18 7.72 97.46
0+26.5 105.18 8.99 96.19 LBKF
0+27.2 105.18 9.42 95.76
0+29.5 105.78 9.51 95.67
0+32.5 105.78 9.40 95.78
0+34.5 105.18 9.59 95.59
0+35.0 105.18 10.05 95.13
0+36.3 105.18 10.34 94.84 LEVIIMIS
0+37.5 105.78 10.77 94.47
0+39.3 105.18 10.92 9426 TW
0+41.0 105.18 10.69 94.49 REW
0+41.4 105.18 9.30 95.88
0+41.6 105.18 8.99 96.19 RBKF
0+42.0 105.18 7.96 9722
0+42.8 105.18 7.58 97.60
0+44.2 105.18 5.82 99.36
0+46.0 105.18 4.95 100.23 RTOB
0+50.0 105.18 4.90 10028
0+62.0 105.18 5.03 100.15
0+67.0 105.18 4.44 100.74
BANKFULL

YVidlh Hydraullc Geometry
D
ll+
A

(Feet) ev
(Feet) ( roa
Sq. Fi)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.4 0.2
2.3 0.5 1.1
3.0 0.4 1.4
2.0 0.6 1.0
0.5 1.1 0.4
1.3 1.4 1.6
12 1.7 1.8
1.8 1.9 3.3
1.7 1.7 3.1
0.4 0.3 0.4
0.2 0.0 0.0
TOTALS 15.1 14.3
SLMMARY DATA ff3ANKFLLLI
?
A(BKF) 14.3 W(FPA) 19
W(BKF) 15.1 Slope 0.005
Max d 1.9 Sinuosi 1.3
Mean tl 0.9 Area= A
WID 16.0 wdth= W
Entrenchment 1.3 Depth= D
' T:p2 F- B2^k`ull= BKF

m m m m m m
Bank Erosion Mazard Intlez (BEHiI

lt
i
C
V
i
I
M Bank Erosion
P
i
1
r
er
a
Bank Ht/Bkf Ht a
ue
3.1 r
ex
10 o6eM
a
extreme
Root Depth/Bank Ht 1 1 very low
Root Densiry (%) 30 4 moderate
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 51 3.5 low
Surface Protection (°6) 80 1.9 very low
Bank Materials Sand 10
30.4 hi h
Cross Seetion #1, Riffle
102
r ?i i 1 ' ?& I I I I I I I I I I I
?
0
W
>
w 98
?
m
a
R
94 I I a I 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Distance (feet)
Kl53257/Plan/Field Dafa/Site Survey-L8C-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Fieltl Crew: Ben Gcetz, Jan PaC.e*sor
River Basin: Cape Fear
Watershed: Little Beaver Cree4
Stream R¢aCh Ofive Trdd
Draiange Area: 0.14 sq mi(90x)
Date: 2262002
Description: Southem Trib atconfluenCe withLBC
Feature: CS#2, Ritte
STATION
F HI fS ELEVATION NOTES
(
cet)
0+00.0
0*01
4 (Feet)
10428
70428 (Feet)
5.64
6
02 (Feet)
98.64
9826

iTOB
.
0+02.5 10428 .
7.56 96.72
0+03.5 104.28 8.78 95.50 LBKF
0+04.3 10428 9.56 94.72
0+05.4 10428 9.65 94.63
0+06.0 10428 1024 94.04
0+06.3 10428 10.52 93.76 LEW
0+07.0 10428 10.71 93.57 TW
0+08.0 10428 70.38 93.90 REWIWS
0+08.4 10428 9.74 94.54
0+08.8 10428 9.56 94.72
0r09.5 10428 9.74 95.14
0+10.5 10428 8.78 95.50 RBKF
0+11.5 10428 8.62 95.66
0«12.5 10428 7.35 96.93
0«14.0 10428 5.46 98.82 RTOB ?
Cross Section #2, RifHe
102
x
c 98
0
m
>
0
W
r
W
a 94
<
90 a'
0 2 4 6 B 10 12 14
Distance (feet)
BANKFULL

Widtl Hydraulic Geometry
? De
lh
Area
(Feet p
) (Feet) (S q. Ft.)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.8 0.3
1.1 0.9 0.9
0.6 1.5 0.7
0.3 1.7 0.5
0.7 1.9 1.3
1.0 1.6 1.8
0.4 1.0 0.5
0.4 0.8 0.3
0.7 0.4 0.4
1.0 0.0 0.2
TOTALS 7.0 6.9
Sl1Y YARY DATA (f3ANKFULL)
A(BKF) 6.9 W(FPA) 11
W(Bi(F) 7.0 Slope Na
Max d 1.9 Sinuosi Na
Mean d 1.0 Area= A
W/D 7.1 Wid1tK W
Entrenchment 1.6 Depth= D
Bank Erosion Hazard Indez (BEHI
Bank Erosion
Crkeria
Bank HtBkf HI Value
3.1 Mdex
10 PotenHal
extreme
Root Depth/B3nk Ht 1 1 very low
Root Density (%; 30 4 moderete
Bank Mgb (Degrees) 33 2.6 low
Surface ProteCtion (% 95 1.1 very low
Bank Matenak Sand 10
28] moderate
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Ste Survey-LBC-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Field Crew: Ben Goetz, Dan Clinton, Jane Almon .
River Basin: Cape Fear
Watershed: Little Beaver Creek Stream Reach: Olive Tract
Drafange Area: 0.14 sq mi (90 ac)
Date: 8/9200'I Description: Southem Trib on upland
Feahire: CS #3, Rrffle STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(Feet) (Feet) (Feet) (Feet)
0+00.0 100.00 4.7 95.30
0+16.0 100.00 5.48 94.52
0+20.0 100.00 5.54 94.46
0+23.0 100.00 528 94.72
0+27.0 100.00 5.42 94.58
0+30.0 100.00 5.35 94.65
0+31.0 100.00 5.39 94.61 LTOB
0+31.6 100.00 5.75 9425 LBKF
0+32.0 100.00 6.01 93.99
0+32.4 100.00 620 93.80
0+32.6 100.00 6.50 93.50 LEW/WS
0+33.0 100.00 6.65 93.35
0+34.0 100.00 6.65 93.35
0+34.7 100.00 6.73 9327
0+35.3 100.00 6.81 93.19 7W
0r36.0 100.00 6.63 93.37
0+36.7 100.00 6.60 93.40
0+37.5 100.00 6.54 93.46 RE1N
0+38.1 100.00 5.75 94.25
0+39.0 100.00 5.85 94.15
0+44.0 100.00 5.90 94.10
0+44,5 100.00 5.75 9425 RBI(F
0+47.0 700.00 5.32 94.68 TOB
0+51.0 100.00 5.07 94.93
BANKFULL
Hydraulic Geometry
Depth Area
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.3 0.1
0.4 0.5 0.1
02 0.8 0.1
0.4 0.9 0.3
1.0 0.9 0.9
0.7 1.0 0.7
0.6 1.1 0.6
0.7 0.9 0.7
0.7 0.8 0.6
0.8 0.8 0.7
0.6 0.0 0.2
0.9 0.1 0.0
5.0 os o.s
0.5 0.0 0.0
TOTALS 12.9 5.7
Sl1MMARY DATA fI3ANKFULLI
A(BKF) 57 W(FPA) 60
W(BKF) 12.9 Slope n/a
Max d 1.1 Sinuosi n!a
Mean d 0.4 Area= A
W/D 29.2 Widih= W
Entrenchment 4.7 Depth= D
Stream T e E4 Bankfull= BKF
Area from Rural R io nal Curve 5.6
m r m m m m m
Root DepthBank Ht 1 1
Root Density ( % ) 54 4
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 53 3.6
Surface Protection (%) 54 4
Bank Materials SiIVCIay 0
Bank Erosion
Potentlal
very low
very low
moGerate
low
rtaderate
Cross Section If3, Ritfle
96

x
c
0
w
>
m -- -
- --
-
--
---
w
?
?
a
<
92

0 10 20 30 40 50
Distance (feet)
K:l53257/Plan/Fieltl DatalSite Survey-LBC-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Field Crew: Ben Gcetr, Ja n Pa?;ersor Ja -,e R=.,,
RiverBasin: CapeFear

Watershed:
Little Beaver
Creek ?
Stream Reach: Olive Tract
Drainage Area: 0.17 sq mi(11 0 acr2=_j

Date:
819l2001 I
Description:
Feature: Northern inb
CS#5, Riftle f
STATION
F
t HI
F
t FS
F ELEVATION
F NOTES
(
ee
)
0+00.0
0+08
7 (
ee
)
105.14
105
14 (
eeq
4.76
5
42 (
eet)
100.38
99
72

LTOB
.
0+09.2 .
105.14 .
7.18 .
97.96
0+10.0 105.14 7.99 97.15 LBKF
0+70.5 105.14 8.37 96.77
0+11.0 105.14 8.73 96.41
0+11.4 105.14 8.88 96.26
0+11.8 105.74 9.16 95.98 LEVU/WS
0+12.8 105.14 922 95.92 TW
0+14.0 105.14 9.12 96.02 REW
0+14.3 105.14 8.37 96.77
0+14.7 105.14 7.99 97.15 RBKF
0+15 8 10514 5 30 99 84 TOB
0+20.0 105.14 4.60 100.54
BANKFULL
Hydreulic Geometry
Widt h Depth Area
(Feet ) (FeeU (Sq. Ft.)
0 0 0
0.5 0.4 0.1
0.5 0.7 0.3
0.4 0.9 0.3
0.4 12 0.4
1.0 12 1.2
12 1.1 1.4
0.3 0.4 02
0.4 0.0 0.1
TOTALS 4.7 4.0
SUMMARY DATA (BANKFULU
A(BKF) 4.0 W(FPA) 6
W(BKF) 4.7 Slope n/a
Max d 1.2 Sinuosity n/a
Mean d 0.9 ea= A
W/D 5.5 dth= W
F
EnVenchment 1.3 epth= D
eam T e G4 Bnkfull=
BKF
Area from Rural R ional Curve 4.8
6.4
Cross Section #5, Riffle
102
?
c
0 100
m
>
0
w 9$
z -- ---
?
ss
a
Q
94
0 4 8 12 16 20
Station (ft)
KJ53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
Bank Erosion

Criteria
Value
Index I
PotenGal
Bank HUBkf Ht 3.2 10 eztreme
Root Depth/Bank Ht 1 1 very low ?
Root Density (%) 4 10 exVeme
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 80 5.9 moderate
Surface Protection (%) 9 10 extreme
Bank Materials SilUClay 0
36.9 high
Field Crew: Ben Gcetz, Jan Patterson. Jane Almon
River Basin: Cape Fear
WMershed: Tick Creek LiWe Beaver Creek
Stream React Condoret-R Olive Tr2d
Drainage Are: 0.72 sq mi (460 ac)
Date: 8I9/2001
Station: WA
Feature: CS#6, Pool
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(FEET)
0+00
0 (FEEn
103
50 (FEEn
5
30 (FEEn
00
.
0+08.5 .
103.50 .
5.68 7
.00
97.82
LTOB
0+110.0 103.50 6.79 96.71
0+11.0 103.50 8.91 95.18 LBKF
0+11.4 103.50 923 94.27
0+11.5 103.50 11.62 91.88
0+12.6 103.50 12.01 91.49 TW
0+14.0 103.50 11.88 91.62
0+16.6 103.50 11.50 92.00
0+17.2 103.50 10.60 92.90 REW/WS
0+18.0 103.50 10.13 93.37
0+18.8 103.50 9.54 93.96
0+19.5 103.50 9.22 9428
0+20.2 103.50 8.87 94.63
0+22.6 103.50 8.32 95.18 RBKF
0+27.5 103.50 7.93 95.57
0+31.0 103.50 5.88 97.62 RTOB
0+36.5 103.50 5.34 98.16
0+45.0 103.50 5.18 98.32
m m m m
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
BANKFULL
Width Depth Mea
(Feet) (Feet) (Sq. Ft.)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.9 0.2
0.1 3.3 0.2
1.1 3.7 3.8
1.4 3.6 5.1
2.6 32 8.8
0.6 2.3 1.6
0.8 1.8 1.6
0.8 1.2 1.2
0.7 0.9 0.7
0.7 0.6 0.5
2.4 0.0 0.7
TOTALS 11.6 24.5
SUMMARY DATA
A(BKF) ($ANKFULL)
24.5
W(BKF) 11.6
Max d 3.7
Mean d 2.1
m m m m m
Bank Erosan
Criteria Value Index Potential
Bank Ht/Bkf Ht 2.3 8.2 very high
Root Depth/Bank Ht 1 1 very low
Root Density (%) 4 10 exVeme
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 90 7.9 high
Surface Protection (/) 9 10 exVeme
Bank Materials sand 10
CS#6, Pool
100

?
?
98
0
96
m - --_ &Ok ftll_
-
--
--
W
r 94
R
?
a g2
Q
90
0 10 20 30 40
Station (ft)
m m
K:153257/PlanlField Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Pieid Crew:
Rlver Basin: Ben Goetz, Jan Patterson
Cape Fear
Watershed: Little Beaver Creek
Stream Reach: Olive Tred
Drolange Area: 0,72 sq mi (460 ac)
Date: 21262002
Statlon:
Feature: N,'A
CS#7, RifAe
STATON
F
t HI
F
t FS
P
t ELEVATION
F
t NOTES
{
ee
)
0+00.0
0+06 (
ee
)
102.60
1
2
0 (
ee
)
5.75
6 (
ee
)
96.85
9
.5
0+07.5 .6
0
102.60 .15
6.94 6.45
95.66 LTOB
0+08.5 102.60 8.07 94.53
0+10.0 102.60 8.69 93.91 LBKF
0+12.0 102.60 9.02 93.58
0+14.0 102.60 9.55 93.05
0+14.6 102.60 9.95 92.65
0+15.6 102.60 11.32 9128
0+17,5 102.60 11.52 97.08 LEW
0+19.5 102.60 11.19 91.41 TW
0+20.0 102.60 11.11 91.49 REW/VYS
0+20.9 102.60 9.95 92.65
0+21.3 102.60 9.55 93.05
0+22.5 102.60 9.02 93.58
0+23.2 102.60 8.69 93.91 RBKF
0+24.7 102.60 6.08 96.52 RTOB
0+31.0 102.60 5.83 96.52

Width
(Feeq BANKFULL
Hydraulic Geometry
Depth
(Feet) (

Area
Sq.Ft)
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 0.3 0.3
2.0 0.9 1.2
0.6 1.3 0.6
1.0 2.6 1.9
1.9 2.8 5.2
2.0 2.5 5.3
0.5 2.4 1.2
0.9 1.3 1.7
0.4 o.s 0.4
1.2 0.3 0.7
0.7 0.0 0.1
TOTALS 13.2 18.8
SUYMARY DATA (HANKFl1LL1
A(BKF) 18.8 W(FPA) 18
W(BKF) 132 Slope 0.005
Max d 2.8 Sinuosit 1.3
Mean d 1.4 Nea= A
W/D 9.3 Widtti= W
F
Entrenchment 1.4 DepUr- D
Stream T
e G4 BankfLjll= BKF
m Rur
Area froal Re ional Curve 17
Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHII

Criteria
Value Bank Erosion
Index Potential
Bank HUBkf Ht 2.4 8.5 very high
Root DepWBank Ht 1 1 - very low
Root Density (%) 50 4.2 moderate
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 62 4.1 moderate
Surface Protection (%) 30 5.9 moderete
Bank Materials sand 10
33.7 Ai h

Cross Sectlon #7, RifHe
99

x
c
0
w
>
W 95
r
W
?
a`
91

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Distance (feet)
m m
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1

Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Foeld Crew
River Basin: Ben Goetz, Ja
Cape Fear n Pa2erson
-
Watershed: Little Beaver Creek
Stream Reach: Ofive Trect
Dreiange Area: 0.97 sq mi (620 ac)
Date: 2,262002
StaUon:
Feature: WA
CS#8, Riffle .
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NQTES
(Feet) (Fee[) (Feet) (Feet) BANKPULL
0+00.0 102.60 4.74 97.86 Hydraulic Geometry
0+04.0 102.60 5.05 97.55 Wldlh Depth Area
0+09.3 102.60 5.50 97.10 LTOB (Feet) (Peet) (Sq. Ft)
0+72.0 102.60 8.52 94.08 LBKF 0.0 0.0 0.0
0+132 102.60 924 93.36 12 0.7 0.4
0+14.0 102.60 10.01 92.59 0.8 1.5 0.9
0+14.1 102.60 10.99 91.61 LEW 0.1 2.5 0.2
0+14.8 102.60 11.14 91.46 l'W 0.7 2.6 1.8
0+15.6 102.60 11.02 91.58 0.8 2.5 2.0
0+16.5 102.60 10.81 91.79 REWMIS 0.9 2.3 2.2
0+19.0 102.60 10.42 92.18 2.5 1.9 5.2
0+22.5 102.60 9.87 92.73 3.5 7.4 5.7
0+24.5 102.60 927 93.33 2.0 0.8 2.1
0+26.0 102.60 9.08 93.52 1.5 0.6 1.0
0+27.5 102.60 8.52 94.08 RBKF 1.5 0.0 0.4
0+31.0 102.60 5.51 94.08 RTOB TOTALS 15.5 21.9
0+35.0 102.60 5.47 97.09
SUYYARY DATA fE}ANKFULL
I
A(BKF) 21.9 W(FPA) 26
w(sKF) 15s siooe 0.005
Max d 2.6 Sinuosi 1.3
Mean d 1.4 Area= A
W!D 11.0 WidM= W
Entrenchment 1.7 Depth= D
SVeam T e G4 Bankfull= BKF
Area from Rurel Re ional Curve 21
m m m m m m
Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHII

Crlteria
B
k HtlBkf Ht
Value
22
Index
8
9 Bank Erosion
Potentlal
hi
h
an
Root Depth/Bank Ht 1 .
1 very
g
very low
Root Densiry (%) 25 6.3 high
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 60 3.9 low
Surface Protection (%) 55 3.9 low
Bank Matenals Santl 10
332 hi h
Cross Section #8, Riffle
99

x
c
0

00
m

>
W 95
-100
1.0
Z`
m - - - -- -- -- -- - - - - - - - -
a

Q
91

0 5 70 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (feet)
?
K/53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Pieid Crew:
RiverBasin: Ben Gcetz, Jan Patterson
Cape Fear
Watershed: Little Beaver Creek
Stream Reach: Olive Trad
Draiange Area: 0.97 sq mi (620 ac)
Date: 2/16l2002
Station: WA
Feature: CS#9, RifFle STATION HI FS ELEVATION

0+00.0 102.60 3.07 99.53
0+03.0 102.60 5.40 9720
0+05.0
0+07
0 102.60
102
60 5.90
5
85 96.70
96
75
.
0W9.0 .
102.60 .
5.99 .
96.61 LTOB
0+11.0 102.60 7.02 95.58
0+17.5 102.60 7.50 95.10 LBICF
0+12.6 102.60 8.32 9428
0+13.5 102.60 9.46 93.14 LE1N
0+13.8 102.60 9.48 93.12
0+16.0 102.60 9.60 93.00 TW
0+18.2 102.60 9.42 93.18
0+20.8 102.60 9.45 93.15
0+23.0 702.60 9.35 9325 REWIWS
0+24.0 102.60 820 94.40
0+25.0 102.60 7.50 95.10 RBKF
0+25.1 102.60 6.00 96.60 RTOB
0+47.6 102.60 4.51 98.09
BANKFULL Bank Erosion Hazard Indes (BEHII
Hydraulic Geometry Bank Erosion
Witlfh Depth Nea Criteria Value Index Potential
(Feet) (Feeq ( 5q. Ft) Bank HtBkf Ht 17 6.1 moderate
0.0 0.0 0.0 Root Depth/Bank Ht 1 1 very low
1.3 0.8 0.5 Root Densiry (%) 30 4.4 moderate
0.7 2.0 7.0 Bank Mgle (Degrees) 45 3.3 low
0.3 2.0 0.6 Surface Protection (%) 30 5.9 moderate
22 2.1 4.5 Bank Materials santl 10
21 1.9 4.4 30.7 hi h
2.6 2.0 5.0
22 1.8 42
1.0 0.7 1.3
1.0 0.0 0.4
TOTALS 13.5 21.8
cLYYL4RY DATA (I3AUKFULL
A(BKF) 21.8 W(FPA) 28
W(BKF) 13.5 Siope 0.027
Max d 2.1 Sinuosi 1.3
Mean d 1.6 Area= A
W/D 8.3 Width= W
F
EnVanchment 2.1 Depth= D
SUeam T
e G4 Bankfull= BKF
m Rura
Area frol Re ional Curv e 21
Cross Section #9, Riffle
99
x
c
0
a
>
W 95

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-
r
W
a
`
a
91

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Distance (feet)
K:153257lPlan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
? ? ? ? ? ? r ? ? ?¦¦i ? ?
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County

Fieid Crew:
River Basin: Ben Goetr, Jan
Cape Pear Paeerson
Watershed: L.itde 8eaver Creek
Stream Reach: Olive Tract
Draiange Area: 1.1 sq mi (700 ac)
Date: 226/2002
Station:
Feafure: WA
CS#10, Riffle - .
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(Peet) (Peet) (Feet) (Feet) BANKFULL
0+00.0 102.60 5.08 97.52 Hydraulic Geomelry
0+05.0 102.60 4.94 97.66 Wdfh Depth Area
0+08.0 102.60 5.10 97.50 (Feet) (Feet) (Sq.Ft)
0+11.5 102.60 5:82 96.78 LTOB 0.0 0.0 0.0
0+73.0 102.60 6.48 96.12 0.5 12 0.3
0+14.5 102.60 7.95 94.65 0.5 2.3 0.9
0+16.0 102.60 8.99 93.61 1.0 2.1 2.2
0+17,5 102.60 9.94 92.66 LBKF 1.5 2.1 3.1
0+18.0 102.60 71.11 91.49 1.4 2.1 2.9
0+18.5 102.60 12.24 90.36 LEW 1.4 22 3.1
0+19.5 102.60 12.07 90.53 0.7 2.3 1.6
0+21.0 102.60 12.00 90.60 0.8 2.1 1.7
0+22.4 102.60 12.07 90.53 1.7 1.9 3.4
0+23.8 102.60 12.17 90.43 0.0 0.0 0.0
0+24.5 102.60 1220 90.40 TW TOTALS 9.5 192
0+25.3 102.60 12.04 90.56 REW/WS
0+27.0 102.60 11.81 90.79 SUMMARY DATA fB NKF U 1
0a27.0 102.60 9.94 92.66 RBKF A(BKF) 19.2 W(FPA) 18
0+30.0 102.60 9.60 93.00 W(BKF) 9.5 Slope 0.019
0+33,0 102.60 6.67 95.93 Max d 2.3 Sinuosi 1.3
0+34.5 102.60 5.30 97.30 RTOB Mean d 2.0 Nea= A
0+50.0 102.60 5.01 97.59 W/D 4.7 Width= W
Entrenchment 1.9 Depth= D
Stream T pe G4 BanMull= BKF
Area from Rural Re ional C urve 22.9
m m m m m
Bank Erosion Hazard Index (F3EHI)
Bank Erosion
Criteria
B
k HUBkf H Value
3
1 Index
10 Potendal
an
t
Root Depth/Bank Ht .
1
1 extreme
very low
Root Density (%) 4 10 extreme
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 70 5 moderete
Surface Protection (%) 9 10 exVeme
Bank Materials santl 10
46
ezVeme
Cross Section #10, Riffle
98
x
c
0
m
>
m
uw ?
?
W
- -- -- - N ER U B N
a
a` 11-7
eo
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Distance (feet)
m r
K153257/Plan/Reld Dafa/Site Survey-LBC-1
Field Crew:
River Basin:
Watershed:
Stream Reach:
Draiange Area:
Date:
SYation:
Feature:
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Ben Gcetz, Jan Patterson
Cape Fear
Little Bearer Creek
Dlive Traci
1.1 sq mi (700 ac)
2f26l2002
ND1
CS#11, Riffle
STATION
F HI
F FS
F ELEVATION NOTES
gM1
0+00.0 (
eeq
102.60 (
eet)
4.76 (Feet)
97.84
0+05.0 102.60 4.83 97.77
0t06.0
0+07
0 102.60
02
60 5.02
3 97.58
.
0+08.0 1
.
102.60 5.
3
5.92 97.27
96.68 LTOB
0+082 102.60 6.81 95.79
0+09.3 102.60 7.63 94.97 LBKF
0+09.5 102.60 8.08 94.52
0+09.9 102.60 8.30 94.30
0+10.5 102.60 8.90 93.70
0+10.6 102.60 8.94 93.66 LEW
0+17.3 102.60 9.11 93.49 TW
0+11.6 102.60 9.10 93.50
0+12.0 102.60 8.96 93.64 REW/VYS
0+13.0 102.60 8.39 94.21
0+14,0 102.60 8.08 94.52
0+15.3 102.60 7.50 94.97 RBKF
0+17.0 102.60 6.31 9629
0+18.6 102.60 5.59 97.01 RTOB
O+ZZ.O 102.60 5.29 97.31
m m s m
BANKFULL
Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth Area
(Feet)
0
0 (Feet) (
0
0 Sq.Ft)
0
0
.
02 .
0.5 .
0.0
0.4 0.7 02
0.6 1.3 0.6
0.1 1.3 0.1
0.7 1.5 1.0
0.3 1.5 0.4
0.4 1.3 0.6
1.0 0.8 1.0
1.0 0.5 0.6
1.3 0.0 0.3
TOTALS 6.0 4.9
SIIYYARY DATA (BANKFULL)
A(BKF) 4.9 W(FPA) 9
W(BKF) 6.0 Slope 0.01
Max d 1.5 Sinuosi 1.24
Mean tl 0.8 Area= A
W/D 7.3 Widttr- W
Entrenchment 1.5 Depih= D
pe G4 Bankfvll= BKF
Areea' R= d,onal Curve
Cross Section #11, Riffie
98
x
"
c
0
7
N
i
?
oor
m - -
w ?
r
W
a
Q
90

0 5 10 15 20
Distance (feet)
m m m m
Bank Erosion Hazard Indez (BEHI1
Bank Erosion
Criteria Value Indez PotenHal
Bank HtBkf Ht 3.7 10 extreme .. .
Root Dep}h/Bank Ht 1 1 very low
Root Density (%) 50 4.2 mode2te
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 50 3.4 low
Surface Protection (%) 50 42 moderate
Bank Materials SiiVClay 0
22.8 motlerate
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Field Crew: 3en Goetz, Jan Patterson
RiverBasin: CapeFear Watershed: Litda Beaver Creek
Stream Reach: Olive Tract
Oralange Area: 1.1 sq mi (700 ac)
Date: 2l2612002 . .
Station: ND2
Feature: CS??12. Riff1e
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(Feeq (Fcet) (Peeq (Peet)
0+00.0 102.60 5.57 97.03
0+04.0
0+06
3 102.60
102
60 6.10
7
0 96.50
9 LTOB
.
0*07.5 .
102.60 .5
7.78 5.10
94.82
LBKF
0+10.0 102.60 8.10 94.50
0+10.6 102.60 9.05 93.55 LEW
0+11.5 102.60 9.50 93.10 TWI
0+12.4 102.60 8.95 93.65 REWIWS
0+12.7 102.60 7.78 94.82 RBKF
0+13.4 102.60 6.97 95.63 RTOB
0+16.0 102.60 5.97 96.63
0+18.0 102.60 5.57 97.03
0+23.0 102.60 5.14 97.46
BANKFULL
Hytlraulic Geometry
Depfh Area
m m m m
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.5 0.3 0.4
0.6 1.3 0.5
0.9 1.7 1.3
0.9 1.2 1.3
0.3 0.0 0.2
TOTALS 52 3.7
SIJYYARY DATA (IiANKFl1LL
1
A(BKF) 3.7 W(FPA) 12
W(BKF) 52 Slope 0.025
Mau d 1.7 Sinuosi 1.1
Mean d 0.7 Area= A
W/D 7.3 Width= W
Entrenchment 2.3 Depth= D
SVeam T e E4 Bankfull= BKF
Area from Rural R ional Curv e
Cross Section #12, Riffle
98
x
c
0
a
>
m
W ?
r
a
?
a`
so

0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (feet)
m m m m
Bank Erosion Hazard Indez (BEHII
Bank Erosion
Criteria
B
t
HVBkf #i Value
1
5 Index Potentlal
9
en
c
t
Root Depthl6ank Ht .
0.13 maderate
5.
8.1 very high
Root Density (%) 4 10 extreme
Bank Mgle (Degrees) 70 5 moderate
Surface Protection (%) 9 10 exVeme
Bank Materials Si1VClay 0
39 hi h
KJ53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
a
x
E
?
0
?
?
0
V
?
?
c7
c
?
?
r
LO
N
(h
Lo
Y
WSC2
N ?
?
VsC
;B2
MfC
C2
I Watershed Area I I
.1.1 Square Miles
CrB2
CrE
CrE
?r62
CrC2
) - --
, ?
0 0.125 0.25 0.5
Miles
Legend
AfA
Au
Cm
Cn
Cr6; CrB2; CrC; CrC2; CrE
GrB; Gr62; GrC; GrC2; GrD
Gu
MfB; MfB2; MfC; MfC2; MfD2; MfE
? '• MgB2; MgC; MgC2
Wn
Wo
Ws6; WsB2; WsC; WsC2; WsE
WvD3
Wy
? w
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
_______ ___ NCDENR DWQ-
FIGURE 6
Soils
2;
MfC2
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
' a
m
?
N
' s
?
?
?
M
r,
LO
, N
M
N
Y
'
,
,
,
'
'
1
'
,
'
1
'
,
'
'
) f? ?} ? ? •
S 1' Y
- ? 01 ?.?? :: :,??,?.? ? ,•?:
..?
+.??
+rI ?
i
.. ? ? `•, , ? ;._
y ' .
tir, :1. ?.P??r• ??IX?+?E •. ?.?
•t?e?rae
vr'? 7Nr? . ?• r ,?'fit .? , ? ? S r a ? ? i h ?i ?1? , ?. ?»?. ? t ? y , 4 ??? ?F . , x:? .'?j ??? ??~?x?
,` ?ik a' h ??'? ?+?.'nR ? ? ."? ,? i } ? ? £ .? y ? ? ,?+ ;i "r ?' 1.;?, ? ? ?• #f'
? ?y1? • t? . ? 9 , , r,?r ;' " y„ , ' . ? i'-? ?
r? ?^
os
?"?" ?R"? . r IT. ??? I,• . 'y/ :? ? ) ? ? ?.{? ? .• "a y.I? •;tY 1+# K .- ? ' '+ '1
??!s*,+• '.:'y?`^A
s
? 1?y' j, ? 1 ?'? ? ?,.,?/.. ??' ,'??A ? .J?"-?? •?? '?`?
/ y b y F.4 P!. '. ? .
,? ? • ?L•' ., ?1 , k? ? ? 'f A`i + ,n?.,.??f ?? .?' . ; ? a`-?"ri ? N4. .p??7'..
}? . 4W ?? 7 id???? F??? ... ??;? ?4 ,?? .. ? I:?I .
rv? r ?*'?1 ?:?K ay? a? Yf , r??•
t'!?, '. • '• ?
c p
?? -i -A
V't
R?
A,?
?' t i;i ?A ; A?'?3'??1r -" y ? ? fs '? ??I + r a . '•? i 'n ? . 'S a ? .? , ? .e?•'. nd?? ?'.
-y?i •`r r s ;, y' ??, ° ? p ? ?[? ? ? ! ?iv s ? ?,r . ???y ?.,iP
y 41,
410
?1? ?+:???v
+1' ?k, ?,er,? w? T '??:?( ? ., ??•-i £: ,y?? „? ?, ? .:?j?.
°'? ." ?t ? ? '>? • ' f IF 4! '?? ? ia? . ? ? ? 4 ?1 ? ?.4, ?!tA?. i /*ay?' : 4
? ' ? ?` '? S ' "'?y. ? ?1,?" e?4 ??r? '.3 yf) ? ? ? „?' '? . y:.
?.?r'r
:•
r
, , .
. ..? r } 'L?7.if? q }? •??.. j s' st ...c? _• . ?., ?' y?..a, ,.?NW
.` ?r'•' ? ? .?s iP a?t'y J t, ?.t??e`{ i- 4
SOURCE: Wake County 1999.
FRANKLIN
fi
H)1THAM r;
-". ------. _ -
? 0 625 1,250 2,500 ?
NSTON Feet N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR DWQ_
, FIGURE 5
Aerial Photograph of Watershed
,
? Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
x i?
' ? ;-?. `-?? ?.r ?????•? JI
' L.?.
t
?+ a r ?#!11
j? ?1 " ? v? ? ? '? + '? ??'a°"?.-y'\???\

?0
/

0
"
? C)
V
.. ?, ?
il_ i_ i•-? ? ??1 n :?.._? 'i f`?
fl
" r+
0

LV
"N\?\ Y y.-/r?+?J- ' ??. ?• ,1 ? ? ? v'' : `? N i 1 `V?l.,i •?? ? l ? ? / J ?fj ??
MOORE
0 1,000 2,000 4,000
MOND HOKE Feet N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
RICH ? NCDENR DWQ-
FIGURE 8
Richland Creek Watershed
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
Strecrm Mitigarion Plart
Litrle Becver Creek. Wake Countv, NC
The stream was surveyed in the summer of 1998 for the development of the North
Carolina Regional Curve. Channel dimension, pattem, and profile were measured for
253 linear feet of stream. The end point of the survey is located approximately 10 feet
upstream of the State Road 1210 culvert. The stream had a bankfull channei width of
16.5 feet and a bankfull mean depth of 0.9 feet. The bank height ratio of Richland Creek
is typically less than 1.1 and the entrenchment ratio is 3.0. Richland Creek is a C4 stream
type according to the Rosgen Classification system. Longitudinal profile, cross-sections,
and the pebble count for this reference reach are located in Appendix D.
3.2 LITTLE BEAVER CREEK
The Little Beaver Creek Reference Reach, a first order stream, is located directly
upstream of the project site. The drainage area is approximately 198 acres or 0.30 square
, miles (Figure 9). The reach surveyed is located to the north of Fairfield Lane, Lots 19
and 20, and begins approximately 900 feet upstream of the Little Beaver Creek project
site. The site has a wide floodplain containing wetlands. The floodplain is bordered by
1 rolling hills to the north and Fairfield Lane to the south. The watershed has a 2 percent
slope with a stable landuse consisting of large forested areas with few pasture areas. The
' floodplain has mature forest with a well-developed understory with no signs of recent
disturbance. Well-established deciduous vegetation lines the banks and adjacent
hillslopes.
Earth Tech surveyed the stream on July 25, 2002. Channel dimension, pattern, and
profile were measured for 360 linear feet of stream. The stream had a bankfull channel
width of 14.4 feet and a bankfull mean depth of 0.85 feet. The Little Beaver Creek
Reference Reach is a CS stream type. Longitudinal profile, cross-sections, and the pebble
count for this reference reach are located in Appendix D.
3.3 LITTLE BEAVER CREEK REFERENCE WETLAND
The reference wetland is located along the right bank of Little Beaver Creek upstream of
the proposed restoration project (Figure 9). It occupies nearly the entire floodplain from
a few feet from the top of bank to the base of a gentle slope rising from the edge of the
floodplain. Following rainfall events and during the wetter months, small to medium-
sized pools of standing water are common.
' Wetland hydrology results from a combination of overbank flow from the stream and
high groundwater levels. Two groundwater gauges were installed on a transect
perpendicular to the stream bank. Although data is not yet available for an entire growing
, season, the data for October through mid-November show water levels at or near the
surface continuously for 39 days. For a growing season of approximately 228 days, that
period exceeds 12.5% of the growing season by 10 days. As noted previously, the
' determination of jurisdictional hydrology can only be made in conjunetion with a
determination of normal rainfall conditions. See Appendix C for gauge data.
'
March 2003
? 21
1
'
?
'
?
'
?
?
'
?
?
'
'
,
?
'
'
' Streanr Mitigation Plan
Little Beaver Creek Wnke Countv NC
'
2.2 RESTORATION SITE
' The following sections provide a description of existing site conditions. This includes the
current stream conditions, soils, and surrounding plant communities.
, 2.2.1 Site Description
' The Little Beaver Creek restoration site begins approximately 3.75 miles from its
confluence with the B. Everett Jordan Lake. The project is located within the property
' boundaries of 2 landowners (Figure 5). Little Beaver Creek flows from east to west
through a 300-foot wide floodplain. The majority of the floodplain is located on the
north stde of the stream and consists of pasture and crop land. The majority of the
' channel is deeply incised with near vertical banks. Channei sinuosity for the entire reach
is 1.3, but there are long stretches with no meandering. High banks and areas of severe
bank erosion can be found throughout the project reach.
' Five smali tributaries enter Little Beaver Creek within the restoration area. All of the side
channels had moderate to low flow on the day of the site visit.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The main factor in the degradation and impairment for Little Beaver Creek appears to be
cattle farming. Cattle activity has destroyed the natural riparian vegetation was once
bordered the stream. The lack of vegetation on the highly erodible soils has led to
increased erosion along the entire reach. Erosion has increased sediment deposition and
in response the channel has begun to widen. The presence of central bars throughout the
reach support the theory that the channel has overly widened. Further development of
central bars will increase erosion and lateral migration of the channel.
2.2.2 Existing Stream Characteristics
Little Beaver Creek Restoration Site can be typically defined as an incised channel with
moderate habitat and an unstable pattern actively migrating. Stream banks are steep with
areas of active erosion, particularly along outside meander bends. Sand bars made of
easily erodible material migrate frequently during small storm events. Long straight
sections of the channel have central bars forming; indicating the channel is too wide.
Instead of focusing the flow along the thalweg, the central bars deflect the streamflow
toward the banks and accelerate bank erosion.
Riffle bankfull widths for Little Beaver Creek range from 10.5 to 15.5 feet with mean
depths ranging from 0.7 to 2.0 feet. The cross-sectional areas for these riffles range from
8.0 to 21.9 square feet. All cross-sections but one classed as type-F or G channel as the
amount of incision increases downstream. The data for the existing channel is included
in Appendix B. The stream has the following average characteristics:
Bankfull Width: 12.6 feet
Cross-sectional Area: 16.7 square feet
March 2003
I
12
I
I
F
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Streani Mitigation Plan
Little Becrter Creek Wake CountL NC
Mean Depth: 1.4 feet
Maximum Depth: 2.1 feet
Average Water Surface Slope: 0.005 feet/feet
Entrenchment Ratio: >6.0
Sinuosity: 1.5
Bank Height Ratio 2.6
2.2.3 Soils of the Restoration Site
According to the Wake County soil survey, soils adjacent to Little Beaver Creek within
the restoration site are mapped as Augusta, Wehadkee, and Worsham soils (Figure 6).
Augusta soils are mapped in a pasture on a low-lying stream tecrace along the right bank
of Little Beaver Creek. The remainder of the floodplain of Little Beaver Creek is mapped
as Wehadkee. The narrow drainageways of some of the small headwater tributaries to
Little Beaver Creek are mapped as Worsham. These soil units are described below.
Augusta fine sandy loam (Au), 0 to 4% slopes: This nearly level to gently sloping
soi] is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It was formed in alluvium under forested
areas. Permeability is moderately slow and surface runoff is slow to medium.
Flooding is frequent but of short duration. The seasonally high water table is 1.5 feet
deep.
Wehadkee silt loam (Wn), 0 to 2% slopes: This soil is nearly level and poorly
drained. It was formed in fine loamy alluvium. Permeability is moderate to
moderately rapid and runoff is slow to ponded. Flooding is frequent and of extended
duration. The seasonally high water table is at the surface.
Worsham sandy loam (Wy), 0 to 4% slopes: This nearly level to gently sloping
soil is deep and poorly drained. It was formed in translocated and weathered material
under forested areas. Permeability is moderately slow and runoff is slow to ponded.
The seasonally high water table is at the surface.
Wehadkee and Worsham soils are on the NRCS list of hydric soils for North Carolina.
Portions of the floodplain areas mapped to those units in the published soil survey were
confirmed to be hydric by an Earth Tech soil scientist. Some areas mapped to those units,
however, did not meet the NRCS criteria for hydric soils. Augusta soils are not
considered hydric, but a portion of the unit as mapped in the published soil survey was
found to meet the criteria for hydric soils. Wetland restoration is proposed for those areas
of hydric soils that will fall within the floodplain of the restored stream and that currently
lack jurisdictional wetland hydrology and vegetation. See Figure 7 for hydric soil areas.
2.2.4 Terrestrial Plant Communities
The following sections describe the existing plant communities on and adjacent to the
restoration site (Figure 7). Historically, the entire floodplain of Little Beaver Creek most
likely was a continuous bottomland hardwood ecosystem, now fragmented by various
land uses. The mosaic of microhabitats characteristic of these systems included upland
patches formed by coarse depositional material as well as various types of wetlands in
March 2003
13
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Streant Mitigntion Plan
Little Becn ei- Creek, Wake Counry, NC
different topographic positions. The site is now occupied by communities that reflect
various types of disturbance and degrees of recovery. For purposes of this project, five
plant communities are described. Nomenclature follows Radford et czl (1968).
2.2.4.1 Wetlands
As previously described, areas of hydric soils occur throughout the study area. They
occur in all of the community types described below, but not all areas have hydrology
sufficient to support wetland vegetation. There are three areas within the project
boundaries that have been verified by the USACE as jurisdictional wetlands on the basis
of soils, hydrology, and vegetation. One is a narrow band along a drainage feature in the
pasture along Reach 3(0.62 acres). Species in this area are as described in Section 2.2.4.4
below, with the addition of abundant rushes (Juncus spp.), sedges (Carex spp.) and
bulrushes (Scirpus cyperinus). The other two areas are between the left bank of Little
Beaver Creek and the base of a slope along Reach 2(0.51 acres). The plant community is
as described in Section 2.2.4.3 below, with the addition of rushe5, sedges, false stinging-
nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), knotweed (Polygonum sp. ), and sphagnum moss
(Sphagnum sp.).
A fourth area (0.34 acres) has the characteristics of a jurisdictional wetland but has not
been verified by the USACE. It is found along the right bank of the Northem Tributary.
The plant community in this area is as described in Section 2.2.4.2 below, with the
addition of tag alder (Alnus serrulata) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum).
2.2.4.2 Regenerating Cutover
Reach 1 of Little Beaver Creek and the Northern Tributary flow through a regenerating
cutover forest. This community is situated in a relatively flat area between the slopes of
broad upland ridges. The area is dense with saplings of sweetgum (Liquidambar
sryraciflua), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), red maple (Acer rubrum), and loblolly
pine (Pinus taeda). The understory is thick with giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea),
Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), multiflora
rose (Rosa multiflora), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron rudicans). Netted chain fern
(Woodwardia areolata), sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), royal fern (Osmunda
regalis), and sphagnum moss (Sphagnum sp.) are present in the wetter areas. Extensive
areas of hydric soils line the floodplain of the two streams, although wetland hydrology is
not achieved throughout. The unverified wetland is found here. The remaining area is
proposed for restoration.
2.2.4.3 Floodplain Forest
Reaches 2 and 3 of Little Beaver Creek flow through a disturbed floodplain forest
community that varies in width from 300 feet along Reach 2 to less than 100 feet along
Reach 3. The understory is open and exotic invasive species are abundant as a result of
past grazing. The canopy is dominated by large-diameter red maples. Other canopy
species include sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), American elm (Ulmus americana),
March 2003
16
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
I
I
I
I
Stre«m Mitigation Plan
Lrrtle Becn er Creek Wnke Countv NC
tulip poplar, sweetgum, willow oak (Quercus phellos), water oak (Quercus nigra), and
blackgum (Nvssa sylvatica). Sub-canopy species include ironwood (Carpinus
carolir2icaiZa), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). and persimmon (Diospyros
virginiana). Loblolly pine seedlings, Japanese honeysuckle, multitlora rose, broomsedge
(Andrnpogon virginicus)> giant cane, wild onion (Allium cunadense), violets (Viola spp.),
rushes (Juncus spp.), Indian strawberry (Duchesnea indiccr). and Japanese grass
(Microstegium vimineum) are abundant in the understory. JLirisdictional wetlands are
present in this community. Other areas in this community with hydric soils lack
hydrology and sufficient wetland vegetation and are proposed for restoration.
2.2.4.4 Pasture
The narrow floodplain forest along the lower reach of Little Beaver Creek is bordered by
pastures and a cornfield. The pastures are dominated by cultivated grass species such as
annual rye (Lolium multiflorum) and fescue (Festuca sp.). Foxtail (Setaria glauca), teasel
(Dipsacus sylvestris), and sow-thistle (Sonchus asper) are also present. Rushes (Juncus
spp.), sedges (Carex spp.), and bulrush (Scirpus cyperinus) are present in the
jurisdictional wetland found along the small drainage. Some areas of hydric soils are
present in the pastures, but lack hydrology and wetland vegetation and are proposed for
restoration.
2.2.4.5 Early Successional Shrubland
An abandoned pasture on the left bank of the lower reach of Little Beaver Creek has
succeeded to a shrubland dominated by loblolly pine and sweetgum saplings. Annual rye,
broomsedge, dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), and horseweed (Erigeron canadense)
are abundant. Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), rushes, and sedges are present in
wet areas along the slope. Some hydric soil is present and preliminary gauge data suggest
wetland hydrology, so this area is proposed for enhancement.
2.2.4.6 Upland Pine Forest
An upland pine forest community occupies the slopes rising from the floodplain of Little
Beaver Creek that weren't cleared for pasture. The community occurs within the
easement boundaries, but is not likely to be affected by restoration activities. The canopy
is dominated by mature loblolly pines. Red maple, sweetgum, tulip poplar, and water oak
make up less than 50 percent of the canopy. Seedlings and saplings of these species are
also present in the understory, along with eastern red cedar and Japanese honeysuckle.
2.2.5 Hydrology
Throughout the project area, Little Beaver Creek and most of its tributaries are so incised
that they are unable to access their floodplains. Where wetland hydrology exists on the
site, it is a result of slope seepage or soils that retain rainfall because of compaction or
high clay content.
March 2003
17
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigation Plan
Little Beaver Creek, Wnke County, NC
Groundwater monitoring gauges were installed throughout the site. See Figure 7 for
gauge locations. Gauges malfunctioned through most of an extremely dry summer, but
enough data was obtained in the fall to suggest that wetland hydrology is present for at
least 121.5% of the growing season at gauges 5 and 7, which are installed in areas
proposed for wetland enhancement, as well as at the reference gauges. Data at gauge
locations 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 suggest that restoration of wetland hydrology is possible if
stream bed elevations are raised and regular overbank flow is restored. Gauge 1 is in an
area that is not being proposed for wetland restoration. Official rainfall data was obtained
from the State Climate Office (coop station Raleigh 4 SW) and the annual total was
determined to be within the normal range as calculated on the WETS table. See
Appendix C for hydrographs and rainfall from the latter part of the growing season.
2.2.6 Wildlife Observations and Protected Species
Wildlife and signs of wildlife were noted during on-site visits, however, a formal wildlife
survey was not performed. Tracks of white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and
raccoon (Procyoun lotor) were observed along the stream banks. Beaver (Castor
canadensis) are active in the stream channel. At least two dams were present when field
studies were conducted. A variety of birds were observed in the thickets and shrubs
surrounding the stream channel and forest, including: blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata),
northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia
albicollis), common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), and rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo
ery_ throphthalmus). Red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and turkey vultures (Cathartes
aura) were observed over the pastures.
The USFWS lists 4 species under federal protection and 12 species of federal concern for
Wake County as of January 2003 (USFWS 2002). These species are listed in Table 1.
I Table 1. Species Under Federal Protection in Wake County
I
I
I
I
I
I
Common Name Scientific Name Status
Vertebrates
Bachman's s arrow Aimo hila aestivalis FSC
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Threatened (Proposed for
Delistin )
Carolina darter Etheostoma collis lepidinion FSC
Pinewoods shiner Lythrurus maiutinus FSC
Red-cockaded
wood ecker Picoides borealis Endangered
Southeastern m otis Myotis austroriparius FSC
Southern ho nose snake Heterodon simus FSC*
Invertebrates
Atlantic i toe Fusconaia masoni FSC
Diana fritillar butterfly Speyeria diana FSC*
March 2003
1 18
?J
I
I
I
I
Streum Mitigation Plan
Little Becn er Creek. Wake CounN. NC
Table 1 continued
Dwarf wed e mussel Alasmidonta heterodon Endan ered
Green floater Lasmigona subviridis FSC
Yellow lance Elliptio lanceolata FSC
Vascular Piants
Bo s icebush Lindera subcoriacea FSC
Carolina least trillium Trilliccm pusillum var.
pusillum FSC
Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Endan ered
Sweet inesap Monotropsis odorata FSC
I
No Threatened, Endangered or Species of Federal Concern were observed, and none are
' recorded at NC National Heritage Program as occurring within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the
project area. There is no habitat present in the project area for any of the listed species.
, 3.0 REFERENCE REACHES AND WETLANDS
The Division of Water Quality preferred that we first find references reaches and
' wetlands located in the Triassic Basin. One of the reference reaches, Little Beaver Creek,
was located upstream of the restoration site within the same watershed. The entire
section of the Triassic Basin to the east of Jordan Lake was then searched with no stable
, reaches located. The decision was then made to use Richland Creek, a reference reach
used in the formation of the regional curve, located in a portion of the Triassic basin in
Moore County.
' The search for a reference wetland was conducted simultaneously with the search for a
stream reference reach. As might be expected, the only sizable, hydrologically and
? morphologically appropriate wetland in the Triassic Basin was found in the floodplain of
the stable upstream reference reach of Little Beaver Creek. Descriptions of the reference
reaches and wetland are given below.
' 3.1 RICHLAND CREEK
, Richland Creek, a second order stream, is located on private land in Moore County within
the Piedmont Physiographic Province of the Cape Fear River Basin. The reach surveyed
is located 8 miles west of Carthage along State Road 1210 (Figure 8). Richland Creek
' flows into McLendon's Creek approximately 9.5 miles downstream of the reach
surveyed. The stream has a drainage area of 640 acres or 1.0 square miles. The
watershed is comprised of forested and agricultural areas. The area surrounding the creek
' is forested and hilly on the south side. Richland Creek is an alluvial stream with dense
shrub and deciduous vegetation lining the banks and adjacent floodplain. Bankfull
indicators include top of bank, high scour lines, breaks in slope, changes in vegetation,
' moss lines, and depositional benches.
I
March 2003
1 19
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
L
I
I
I
I
I
Srream Mitigation Plan
LirtlE, Beuvc:r Creek, Wake County, NC
A typical soil profile has a 2-inch surface layer of dark silt loam with many fine roots and
oxidized root channels. Textures range from silty clay at 2 inches to coarse sandy clay at
49 inches below the surface. Soils meet the requirement of a chroma of 2 or less
throughout the profile, and bright red mottles are present.
The vegetation is of fairly good reference quality, given the difficulty, if not
impossibility, of finding an undisturbed stand of forest in the Piedmont. The canopy trees
are a mixture of age classes, but very few are of large diameter. However, pines are a
minor component, indicating that the stand is approaching maturity. Canopy and
subcanopy trees include willow oak (Quercus phellos), yellow poplar (Liriodendron
tulipif'era), red maple (Acer reebrum), white oak (Quercccs alba), water oak (Quercus
nigra), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), and sweetgum (Liqecidambar sryraciflua).
Shrubs and vines are abundant but not dense and include deerberry (Vaccinium
stamineum), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium cory_ mbosum), strawberry bush (Euonymus
americana), black haw (Viburnum prunifolium), buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis),
greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), muscadine (Vitis rotcenclifolia), Virginia creeper
(Parthenocissus quinquefolia), poison ivy (Toxicodendron raclicans), and moderate
amounts of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). The herbaceous layer includes
spikegrass (Chasmanthium sessiliflorum), deertongue (Panicum clandestinum), giant
cane (Arundinaria gigantea), cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), partridge berry
(Mitchella repens), Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), royal fern (Osmunda
regalis), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), a fern (Dryopteris sp.), a rush (Juncus
sp.), sedges (Carex spp.), and scattered patches of sphagnum moss (Sphagnum sp.).
4.0 STREAM & WETLAND RESTORATION DESIGN
The stream design was based upon Rosgen's 40-step natural channel design
methodology. Morphological characteristics were measured on the existing stream and
reference reaches to determine a range of values for the stable dimension, pattern, and
profile of the proposed channel. The measured and proposed morphological
characteristics are shown in Table 2.
The wetland design was modeled on the reference community as well as published
' descriptions of Piedmont bottomland systems and general observations of characteristic
wetland structure and function. Areas of hydric soils were delineated and the hydrology
and vegetative cover were evaluated. Areas considered suitable for restoration are those
' on which hydrophytic vegetation can be planted and excessive drainage can be reversed
so that groundwater levels remain within 12 inches of the surface for at least 12.5% of the
growing season. Areas considered for enhancement are those on which soils are hydric
, and wetland hydrology is present, but hydrophytic vegetation is absent and can be
planted.
I
I
March 2003
t 23
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Table 2. M orphological Characteristics: Existing, Reference, and Proposed Reaches
Rroposed
Little Beaver PropoSed

Little Beaver
Creek below Little Beaver
Creek
Reference
Reference
P
?oposed

Proposed
P? LifEte Beaver
Cresk below
??ef
Southem Northem Northem NoRhem Creek above NT uMil
b
d
i Reach-Little Reach-
NoR1?
f
'
So
Rh
r Liate Beaver
NT unti[ Crpek
Variables Tributary Tributary Dreinage 1 Drainage 2 NT border of or
er
ng Beaver Richland t
?
.
. ert
t
, Creek ai?ave ? bord?ing
fields {O? ?ft? ?
(Reach 1) open field
(Reach 3) Creek Creek NT(Reach 1} fisMs
(Reach 2) _ ? 2} (R?h 3)
SVeamT e Ros en G4 G4 G4 E4 E4 F4-G4 G4 C415 C4 CS ., ,C5 .. ,.Gtls ;. C415... . C4)5
Draina e Area s. mi. 0.14 0.17 ? ? 0.41 0.72 1.1 0.3 1 A ...M1T < O.S4 0.43- '. 0.72 . . Y
Bankfull Witlth Wskr, ft 6.0 47 6 52 112 10.5-15.1 9.5-15.5 14.0-14.7 162-16] 14S' ' t&fi ? 1
MEAN 12.8 12.8 14.4 16S -
Bankfull Mean De UI Cbkl, R 07 0.9 0.8 0] 07 0.9-1.4 1.4-2.0 0.8-0.9 0.9 -0;57 z O.SJ' 1.t)4.. .. 1.15 . t
MEAN - - - - - 120 1.70 0.85 0.9 ?
Width/de th Ratio Wear/dcwi 8.4 5.5 7.3 7.3 15.6 7.4-16.0 6.8J.8 15.6-18.4 1Z5-18A M 14 14 14 14
MEAN - - - - - 9.0 7.5 16.9 17.8 :.
Bankfull Cross-secSonal Nea Abkf s. R. 4.3 4 4.9 3] 8.0 14.3-14.8 19.2-27.9 12.2-12.3 15-155 .. 4.5 ? 4.5 iSA? 18.5.
MEAN 14.6 21 12.3 152
Bankfull Maximum De th dma: ft 1.5 12 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.9-2.5 2.1-2.6 2 1.4-1.5 12. . . 12 . 2.3 2-5 2.7
MEAN - - - - - 2.2 23 2 1.5
Ra6o Bankfull Maximum DepN to Mean
Bankfull De th dme,/dekf 2.1 1.3 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.4 22-2.5 1.6-17 22 . 22 22 22 22
Lowest Bank Height to Banktull Maximum
De th Ratio 3.1 32 2.4 1 3.7 2.8 2.3 1 1 tA 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Width of Flood Prone Area Wfpe ft 9 6 9 12 22 17-19 17-23 125-200 50-53 >100 >100 >120 . >170 >50
MEAN - - - - - 18 20 162.5 51.5
Entrenchment Ratio WIpe/Wbk/ 1.5 1.3 1.5 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.6 8.9-13.6 33.3 >13 >13 >8 >Tt >3A
Length L? ft 38 40-95 19-135 46-67 90-94 .2545. ..25-45 . 46-83 51-11 59-97
MEAN - - - - - 60 53 52 92
'
Ratio of Meander Len th to Bankfull Width - - - - 3.4 3.1-7.4 1.5-10.5 3.2-4.7 5.5-5.7 325.7 - :.32-6_7 325:7 32577 " 32-6T
(LmNJekr)
.
.
.
MEAN - - - - - 4.7 4.1 3.6 5.6
Radius of Curvature Rsft - - - - 6.0-12 6.0-35 4.0-33 11-19 14-26 76-24 .?46-24 29-44 ` 32-48. ' 34-64
MEAN - - - - 8.4 16.5 15 14 19 . . .. , :., ...:.. . . .. . ... . ....:...
Ratio of Radius of Curvature to Bankfull Width - - - - 54-1.1 47-27 31-2.6 76-13 84-1.6 2.0-3.4 2.43A '2:03:0 '2.0 3:fl '2.03.5
(fZc/Wbk/) .
MEAN -
-
-
- 0.75 1.3 1.2 0.97 12
Belt Width Wbn ft 12-16 1037 9-79 5-21 25-40 .2EF?6 °' 2036 :... .36-65 : 40-72. 43>77
MEAN 14 20 24 16 31
Meander WdN Ratio Wan/Wcki - - - - 1.1-1.4 1.0-2.9 1.0-62 .35-1.5 1.5-2A ...2.5-4S . ..254_5 2.5-4.5.. . 2.5-4-5 254S
MEAN - - - - 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.1 1.9
Sinuosity (SVeam LengthNalley Length, k -
fVft 1.0 1.1 1.1 12 12 1.3 .. .. 1R . 13 . 13 13
Valle Slo e S-xey ftlft 0.011 0.0061 0.0074 0.0061 0.014 „?Q,M„y.,, Q.qAfiY , q=4
Avera eWaterSurface Slo e Sa? 0A11 0.0055 0.0067 0.0051 0.013 ?, .
?
PoolSlo e Spow .00-.006 0-0.0045 0.000-.0082 Na .0014-.0003 - 4.0-.00'f5 . 0.0-.OQt
Y 0.0-.001
MEAN - - - - 0.003 0.0015 0.0014 n/a 0.0004 Q,0007 0.0003:. 0.0003 .
Ratio of Pool Slope to Average Slope
SpomlSa, 0.3 0.3 0.3 n/a 0.03-0.11 0A3tt:S1 8_03-0_11 6.096 0.06 0.05
RiftieSlo e Snnftttt - - - - .009-.067 .009-.045 0.010-.070 n/a 0.01-0.039 -?- - .007-kT2 ...005-A15 ... .005-.015
;
MEAN - - - - 0.035 0.02 0.023 n/a 0.032
- -
? 0
016 O.0455 - ..Q:OOJS
Ratio of Riffle SIOPe to Average Slope . .
.. _.. . . ...... ?` " .
S.in/S- - - - - 1.8-13.4 1.8-9.0 2.0-14 n/a 1.03.0 :4_0$.qY .:3.tx3.0. ..:
' :?-2_7 1J32,.: 8&2.8
MEAN 7.0 4 4.6 n/a 2A . Z?J-
.?. 777 ' 2? ' ? :437
Maximum Pool De th d?+ft - - - - 3.7 3.7 3.7 2.8 LS 14 ' 1.4 -'3.t 3.4 3.7
Ratio of pool depth to mean bankfull depN
dpoollGbkl - - - - 5.3 3.1 2.2 3.3 17 ?-2.5 ? 25 3'`. 3 :3
PoolWitlth Waooift 11.6 11.6 11.6 19 11.1 .'..3.6 '. S.6 - :.-'iS 21 ? -:32.
Ratio of Pool Width to Bankfull Wdth :
Wpool/Wbk/ 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.7 '
.4.3 .` 1.3 1.3 ' t.3
Pool to Pool S acin P-P ft 4.0-78 30-86 18-122 14?8 37-96 1825 `- 'Fi136 365-58 ` 36.5-80.5 33-84
MEAN - - - - 30 51 64 30 76 23 :. 25 : 465 . 55 :. 52.
Ratio of P-P to Bankfull Width P-P/Wckr - - - - 0.36-7.1 2.3-6] 1.4-9.5 .973.3 2.3-5.8 36 3:-6
MEAN - - - - 2] 4 5 2.1 4.6 4 4 4:• 4 _4
'RUWbkf >2.0 is recommended for stability.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigation Plan
Litrfc Benver Creek, Wake Counh-, NC
4.1 RESTORATION TECHNIQUES
The stream restoration will include a combination of Priority 1 and Priority 2 restoration.
A Priority 1 restoration will be used to adjust the stream dimension, pattern and profile
along Reach 1 and 2, to allow the stream to more fully transport its water and sediment
load. These adjustments are a key on this particular site because there is an excess
amount of sediment in the existing system. A combination of bedform transformations,
channel dimension adjustments, pattern alterations, stnicture installation, and vegetation
will be used to accomplish this. Reach 3 will begin as a Priority 1 restoration and
become a Priority 2 restoration to comply with the FEMA regulated floodplain and
floodway.
All of the existing tributaries and drainages will be connected to the proposed channels.
The northern drainage 4 will be filled to provide the conditions necessary to restore the
hydrology back to the wetlands located along the slope in the northeast corner of the
project site and the wetlands located at the northwestern corner of the property.
The Northern and Southern Tributaries and Northern drainages 1 and 2 will be restored
using Priority 1 restoration. Northern drainage 3 and the southern drainage will simply
be connected to the proposed channels. Where Little Beaver Creek has been raised, a
combination of structures and fill will be used to raise the drainages up to the higher
elevations. The existing pattern of the drainages will not be altered.
Throughout the project a combination of oxbows and shallow depression pools will be
used along the restored stream to increase habitat diversity. Oxbows will be constructed
within portions of Little Beaver Creek's existing channel that will be abandoned. These
oxbows will serve as refuge for aquatic life during periods of low or high flows. Shallow
depression areas will be incorporated within the floodplain to create areas that are
frequently flooded for short periods of time. Areas where these two habitat structures
will be constructed are located on Figure 10.
4.1.1 Dimension
, Little Beaver Creek stream channel's existing bankfull widths range from 9.5 to 15.5 feet
with a cross-sectional areas ranging from 8.0 to 21 square feet. The design channels will
be constructed to bankfull target dimensions that are based on reference reach surveys
' and regional curve information (Figure 3) for a C-type channels under the Rosgen
Stream Classification System.
' The main channel of Little Beaver Creek will be split into three distinct reaches with
differing drainage areas. The upper most reach, Reach l, will have a cross-sectional area
in riffles of approximately 15 square feet with a width of 14.5 feet. Reach 2 will have a
' cross-sectional area in riffles of approximately 18.5 square feet with a width of 16 feet.
I
March 2003
, 25
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigation Plan
Lirtlc Betiver Creek, Wnke Countv, NC
Reach 3 will have a cross-sectional area in riffles of approximately 21 square feet with a
width of 17 feet. The riffle and pool cross-sections for the three reaches are in Figures
11 A-C below.
4.1.2 Pattern
Pattern will be introduced into the stream by increasing the sinuosity of Little Beaver
Creek throughout all three reaches (Figure 10), through a combination of Priority 1 and 2
restorations. A Priority 1 restoration involves building a new C-type channel that is
connected to its original floodplain. Meanders will be introduced into the channels with
appropriate radius of curvatures and lengths based on the reference reach data and
existing site constraints for a C-type stream channel. Because this site has minimal
lateral constraints, the sinuosity, based on centerline length will approach that of the two
reference reaches or 1.3.
Introduction of these meanders will increase stream length, sinuosity, and habitat while
lowering slope and shear stress. The restoration of Reaches 1 and 2 involve Priority 1
restoration, while the changes along Reach 3 would classify as a combination of Priority
1 and 2 restorations. Reach 3 will be meandered within the existing channel, and a new
floodplain built at the bankfull level.
4.1.3 Bedform
The existing channel lacks significant bedform and is mostly a run. The design channel
will incorporate riffles and pools to provide bedform found in C4 stream types with
gravel bottoms. Pools will be located in the outside of ineander bends with riffles in the
inflection points between meanders. The riffles will have average thalweg depth of 2.5
feet in the main stream channel. See Figure 12.
Cross vanes will be utilized as grade control structures throughout the proposed channel.
The cross vanes will be constructed out of natural materials such as boulders and logs.
Modifications to the bedform will provide stability and habitat to the channel.
4.1.4 Structures
Several structure types will be installed in the stream channel including cross vanes, j-
hook vanes, and root wads. These structures will be made from natural materials either
on-site or from off-site locations. The need for additional structure types will be assessed
during the final design stage.
' 4.1.5 Wetlands
Various techniques will be employed to restore or enhance characteristic wetland
' structure and function to areas with hydric soils (Figure 10) that have been altered by
past disturbances such as logging and agriculture. Characteristic wetland hydrology will
be restored by raising the bed elevation of Little Beaver Creek and the Northern Tributary
'
March 2003
1 27
1
'
?
,
?
?
1
'
'
1
1
I
1
1
i
1
'
'
?

l
l;
PROPOSED TYPICAL SECTIONS
REAGH 1
RIFFLE
i - -________? I o
_ "?'`?` ---r?
n
t2e r ?, ?
?•s? ?
PooL
,
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR DWQ
FIGURE 11 a
Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross Sections
Reach 1
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
'
'
>
n? >
<n
I C,
Y
'
'
'
,
'
1
1
1
,
'
'
'
,
'
,
PR4PQSED TYPICAL SECTIONS
REACH 2
RIFFLE
PooL
uancNO sum ,.",.
,
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR DWQ_
FIGURE 11 b
Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross Sections
Reach 2
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
'
'
?
?
?
?
?
'
'
1
1
1
'
'
'
1
'
'
'
PR4PQSED TYPIGAL SEGTIC?NS
REACH 3
RIFFLE
PaoL
il(I!. Aq NACi ,r.v?s I
- 1
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR DWQ
FIGURE 11c
Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross Sections
Reach 3
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
Ex:ariNe omoe y,r...
'
'
1 ^
<,?
?
?
'
1
'
'
1
1
1
1
1
1
'
'
'
PROPOSED TYPICAL SECTIaNS
TRIBUTARIES
RIFFLE
S-
, IXId17N9 ORADE
? VJITAOtL
EXIlTIN9 r1ACE
PaoL
n"?
N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
NCDENR DWQ_
FIGURE 11d
Proposed Little Beaver Creek Cross Sections
Tributaries
Little Beaver Creek
Wake County, North Carolina
------------- Q ??LL
'
Streani Mitigation Pfan
Litrle Bearer Creek, Wnke Counh,, NC
'
and reconnecting these streams to their floodplains. Northern Drainages 1, 2 and 4 will
, also be plugged to increase retention time in their drainage areas. Earthen level spreaders
will be constructed as needed to prevent the channelization of overland flow. Appropriate
hydrophytic vegetation will be planted and habitat enhancements will be incorporated as
' described in Section 4.4. Approximately 4.75 acres of restoration and 0.7 acres of
enhancement are anticipated.
' 4.1.6 Riparian Buffers
' A riparian zone will be created around the new proposed stream channel to provide both
aquatic and terrestrial habitat as well as stabilize the stream channel. The riparian zone
will extend an average of 50 feet from the top of bank on either side of the channel
' (Figure 10). These areas will be planted with appropriate riparian vegetation as described
in Section 4.4.2 and may also include habitat enhancements described in Section 4.4.4.
, 4.2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
A stable stream has the capacity to move its sediment load without aggrading or
' degrading. The total load of sediment can be divided into wash load and bed load. Wash
load is normally composed of fine sands, silts and clay and transported in suspension at a
rate that is determined by availability and not hydraulically controlled. Bed load is
' transported by rolling, sliding, or hopping (saltating) along the bed. At higher discharges,
some portion of the bed load can be suspended, especially if there is a sand component in
the bed load. Bed material transport rates are essentially controlled by the size and nature
? of the bed material and hydraulic conditions (Hey 1997).
Shear stress was checked using Shield's Curve for a proposed riffle cross-section. The
? shear stress placed on the sediment particles is the force that entrains and moves the
particles, given by:
' Z = yRs
where, ti = shear stress (lb/ft2)
' y = specific gravity of water (62.41b/ft)
R = hydraulic radius (ft)
' s= average water surface slope (ft/ft)
Hydraulic radius is calculated by:
'
R= A
-
P
' where, R = hydraulic radius
A = cross-sectional area (ft)
'
March 2003
' 33
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigation Plan
Little Benver Creek, Wake Countv, NC
P = wetted perimeter (ft)
T'hus,
R_ 21.0 ft' = 1.18 tt
17.8 ft
Therefore,
z=(62.4 fb )(1.18 ft)(0.0060 fI )= 0.441b l ft'
s= 0.0060 ?(combined average slope for three reaches)
The critical shear stress for the proposed channels has to be sufficient to move the D84 of
' the bed material, which for the existing riffles is medium gravel (16 mm). Based on a
shear stress of 0.44 Ib/ftZ, Shield's Curve predicts that this stream can move a particle that
is, on average, greater than 25 mm, or coarse gravel. Because the existing bed material is
' gravel in the riffles, the proposed stream has the competency to move its bed load
according to Shield's Curve and preliminary design calculations. The pebble counts and
bedload sampling revealed no significant difference in bed material throughout the entire
' reach of Little Beaver Creek. These findings reveal that the tributaries and ponds that
discharge into the reach have little effect on the sediment transport.
' 4.3 FLOODING ANALYSIS
The USGS Method for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins
' was used to estimate the 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year peak discharges for the 1.11
square mile drainage area as follows:
' Q2 = 130 cfs
QS 230 cfs
Qio = 320 cfs
' Q25 = 440 cfs
Qso = 560 cfs
Qtoo = 680 cfs
'
The region-of-influence method describe in the USGS publication estimates flood
discharges at ungaged basins by deriving, for a given ungaged rural site, regression
' relations between the flood discharges and basin characteristics of a unique subset of
gaged stations. The latitude and longitude (35°42'N, 78°55'W) and drainage area for the
t Little Beaver Creek site is all the input that is required.
A model of Little Beaver Creek was created using HEC-RAS, version 3.0. The model
' was run for the 2, 10, 25, and 100-year storm events. The model was used to evaluate
March 2003
' 34
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
k
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigntion Plan
Little Benrer Creek, Wake CounN. NC
velocities and shear stresses along the proposed reaches. The results of the model are in
Appendix E. The proposed channels have no areas with either excessively high
velocities or shear stresses. The proposed channels do not result in increased flooding
levels through the entire project site.
4.4 HABITAT RESTORATION
Vegetation that quickly develops a canopy, has an extensive root system, and a
substantial aboveground plant structure is needed to help stabilize the banks of a restored
stream channel in order to reduce scour and runoff erosion. In natural riparian
environments, pioneer plants that often provide these functions are alder, river birch,
silky dogwood, and various willow species. Once established, these trees and shrubs
create an environment that allows for the succession of other riparian species including
ashes, black walnuts, red maples, sycamores, oaks and other riparian species.
In the newly restored stream channel, revegetation will be vita] to help stabilize the
stream banks and establish a riparian zone around the restored channel. Revegetation
efforts on this project will emulate natural vegetation communities found along relatively
undisturbed stream corridors in ecologically similar settings. To quickly establish dense
root mass along the channel bank, a native herb/grass mixture will be planted on the
streambed and bank. Shrubs, vines, and live stakes will be utilized on the stream bank
and along the floodplain to provide additional root mass. Extra care will be given to the
outside of the meander bends to ensure a dense root mass in those areas of high stress.
Coir matting will be used to provide erosion protection until vegetation becomes
established. Trees, shrubs and a native grass mixture will be planted along the tops of the
channel banks.
In addition to plantings to stabilize the newly excavated streambanks, a characteristic
floodplain forest community will be reestablished in a 50-foot wide riparian buffer zone
along each stream bank. In areas where some forest canopy exists, trees and shrubs of
desirable species will be left undisturbed as much as possible or salvaged for
transplanting. Habitat enhancements such as floodplain depression pools and windthrows
will be incorporated into the restoration design to ftirther emulate typical floodplain forest
structure. These restoration techniques will improve the ability of the floodplain
ecosystem to provide the characteristic functions of flood storage, biogeochemical
cycling, runoff attenuation, and maintenance of plant and animal habitat and species
diversity.
All plant material should be native species collected or propagated from material within
the Piedmont physiographic province and within 200 miles north or south latitude. The
use of material that is genetically adapted to specific site conditions enhances long-term
growth and survival and avoids contaminating the gene pool of the surrounding
vegetation with non-adapted ecotypes. Vigorous growth of well-adapted ecotypes can
also minimize problems with exotic invasive plants. Appropriate plant material is usually
available upon request and can be obtained with planning and foresight.
March 2003
I
35
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
C'
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigation Plan
Lrrtle Beaver Creek, Wake Counh', NC
Woody vegetation will be planted between November and March to allow plants to
stabilize during the dormant period and set roots during the spring season. A non-
aggressive, rapidly germinating grass will be used for immediate temporary erosion
control on all newly excavated surfaces. A seed mix consisting of native graminoids and
forbs will be applied during the appropriate season to ensure optimal germination and
survival. Removal or control of nuisance vegetation will be implemented as necessary to
promote survival of target plants.
The floodplain community recommended for this project is mode(ed after the Piedmont
Small Stream Forest as described in Internatiorzal Classification of Ecological
Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation (NatureServe 2002). This community is similar to
the Piedmont Alluvial Forest described by Schafale and Weakley (1990). Few indicator
species of this community, particularly oaks, are present on the site because of
longstanding anthropogenic alterations such as cultivation, logging, and grazing.
However, the geography and topography of the site match the characteristics of the target
community. Recommended plantings are listed in the following sections.
4.4.1 Site Preparation
The potential for infestation and competition by exotic and non-target species presents a
strong challenge to the restoration process. Exotic species including Japanese
honeysuckle and Japanese grass are abundant in the proposed stream and wetland
restoration areas in Reaches 1 and 2 and an established fescue pasture is present along
Reach 3. Careful site preparation is critical to providing conditions that will favor the
establishment of target species. Given the different cover types on each of the three
reaches, site preparation procedures will vary somewhat.
Reach 1 will be cleared by shearing and drum-chopping. Ideally, clearing will be
followed by an intense summer burn to kill weed seeds, suppress resprouting of woody
species, release soil nutrients, and improve access for further site preparation and
construction activities. A consulting forester with extensive experience in prescribed
burning should be consulted to develop the btirning plan and conduct the burn. If a burn
is deemed impractica] because of air and water quality, safety of adjacent properties, or
other issues, the area should be treated with herbicide to suppress resprouting.
Site preparation on Reaches 2 and 3 will begin with at least one application of herbicide
to kill the existing fescue in the pasture along Reach 3 and the Japanese grass and
Japanese honeysuckle in Reach 2. Where overgrowth is too thick to allow good coverage
and penetration of herbicide, the site should be mowed first.
When weather conditions are suitable, but at least two weeks after the herbicide
application, fescue eradication in the pasture should continue with a controlled burn. The
burn kills weed seeds, suppresses cool-season non-native species such as fescue, and
suppresses woody species that may compete with the planted target species. A burn in
Reach 2 is not recommended because of the existing canopy that will be partially
preserved and the lack of understory vegetation to serve as fuel.
March 2003
36
I
I
I
'
I
I
I
I
I
I
Strectm Mitigation Plan
Little Beaver Creek, Wake Counh-, NC
All planting areas should be ripped on contour to 12 inches where past land uses and
current construction have caused compaction. A 2-inch layer of organic matter and other
soil amendments if needed should be incorporated into the soil surface of wetland
planting areas by disking. Addition of organic matter during site preparation is a fast,
easy way to shorten the time it will take for the soil to revert [o a characteristic pre-
disturbance structure and chemistry supportive of wetland and bottomland forests. Well-
seasoned hardwood chips or leaf compost may be used as a source of organic matter.
Other planting areas should also be disked to incorporate soil amendments, but including
organic matter may not be practical on the entire site. The surface should be left rough
and irregular to emulate natural microtopography.
Liming and fertilizing are probably not necessary on this site, given the long history of
these treatments on the site as well as nutrient inputs from cattle. Addition of nutrients
and a pH greater than 6.0 will favor the growth of ruderal opportunists over the desired
native species. However, a soil analysis should be performed to confirm nutrient status on
the site. Any required soil amendments will be disked in.
4.4.2 Streambank Vegetation
A combination of seeds, live stakes, and bare root nursery stock will be utilized to
stabilize the banks. Species proposed for planting are listed below. Any of the listed
species may also be salvaged from construction areas and transplanted on the
streambanks.
' Live stakes
Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)
Silky dogwood (Cornus amonum)
' Black willow (Salix nigra)
Shrubs and Vines (bare root or container)
Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
' Tag alder (Alnus serrulata)
Possumhaw (Ilex decidua)
Wild raisin (Viburnum nudum)
' Crossvine (Bignonia capreolata)
' Graminoids and Forbs (seeds or plugs)
Fringed sedge (Carex crinita)
Hop sedge (Carex lurida)
' River oats (Chasmanthium latifolium)
Wood rush (Luzula echinata)
Soft rush (Juncus effusus)
'
I
March 2003
1 37
' Stream Mitigntion Plan
Lirtle Beaver- Creek, Wake Countv, NC
' 4.4.3 Riparian Buffer
' A 50-foot riparian buffer will be established in the floodplain of the proposed stream
channel. Bare-root seedlings of canopy and subcanopy tree species will be planted on
10-foot centers for a planting density of 440 trees/acre of the finest quality 1/0 seedlings.
' It is recommended that seedlings be at least 12 to 18 inches in height. Proposed species to
be p]anted in these areas include the following:
' Trees (bare root)
Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)

' Oaks (Quercus nigra, Q. phellos, Q. rubra)
Southern sugar maple (Acer barbatum)
Black walnut (Juglans nigra)
1 Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
Silverbell (Halesia tetraptera)
' Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
Flowering dogwood (Cornus fZorida)
Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
' Shrubs and Vines (bare root or container)
Buckeye (Aesculus sylvatica)
' Hazelnut (Corylus americana)
Strawberry bush (Euonymus americana)
Coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)
' Any of the trees, shrubs, and vines listed above also may be salvaged from construction
areas and transplanted in the buffer. Shrubs and vines should be concentrated along the
outer edges of the buffer as a possible barrier to opportunistic invasions of exotic species.
' Understory species suitable for salvage and transplant are listed below. Transplants of
these species should be limited to areas that will be shaded, with the assumption that
' some mature trees will be left undisturbed by construction, at least in Reach 2.
Graminoids and Forbs
Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
' Windflower (Thalictrum thalictroides)
Trillium (Trillium cuneatum)
' Ebony spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron)
Rattlesnake fern (Botrychium virginianum)
Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
' Skullcap (Scutellaria integrifolia)
Longleaf spikegrass (Chasmanthium sessiliflorum)
Sedges (Carex spp.)
,
I
March 2003
1 38
I
I
I
I
H
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigalion Plnn
Lirtle Becil-er Creek, Wake Counn,, NC
4.4.4 Wetlands
A minimum of 440 stems per acre of canopy and subcanopy trees will be planted in areas
proposed for wetland restoration. Bare-root seedlings of canopy and subcanopy tree
species will be planted on 10-foot centers for a planting density of 440 trees/acre of the
finest quality 1/0 seedlings. It is recommended that seedlings be at least 12 to 18 inches
in height. Understory plantings may be a combination of salvaged plants and a seed mix.
Proposed species to be planted in these areas include the following:
Trees (bare root)
Swamp chestnut oak (Q. michauxii)
Overcup oak (Q. lyrata)
Water oak (Quercus nigra)
Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
Paw-paw (Asimina triloba)
Shrubs and Vines (bare root or container)
Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens)
Wild raisin (Viburnum nudum)
Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Graminoids and Forbs
Seeds or salvage
Giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea)
Sedges (Carex debilis, C. crinita, C. lurida, C. intumescens, C. squarrosa)
Rushes (Juncus effusus, J. coriaceous)
Lizard's-tail (Saururus cernuus)
Salvage
False stinging-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Netted chain fern (Woodwardia areolata)
Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Royal fern (Osmunda regalis)
Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)
4.4.5 Habitat Enhancements
Floodplain pools will be created as required by the engineering design and for habitat
enhancement purposes. They may occur in hydric soil or riparian areas. These shallow
pools will be vegetated using a combination of salvaged materials, container stock, and
seeds. Proposed species to be planted around the edges of the pools include the
following:
March 2003
39
?
I
I
IJ
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
?l
I
n
I
Stream Mirigation Plan
Little Beuver Creek, Wake Counh,, NC
Container or salvage
Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)
Silky dogwood (Cornus amomum)
Arrow-arum (Peltandra virginica)
False stinging nettle
Seecls
Three-way sedge (Dulichium arundinaceum)
Lizard's tail
Fringed sedge (Carex crinita)
Hop sedge (Carex lurida)
Windthrows will be simulated by excavating elliptical depressions and laying a tree trunk
with its root wad on the ground at the edge of the depression. Trees that must be removed
for channel construction or trees that are already down within the construction area will
be used for this purpose. The depressions will provide amphibian habitat and additional
flood storage. The tree trunks will also provide habitat for amphibians as well as reptiles,
and as they decay will enhance biogeochemical functions.
5.0 MONITORING AND SUCCESS CRITERIA
Monitoring of the stream and wetland mitigation site will be performed for 3 years or
until success criteria are met. Monitoring is proposed for channel stability, riparian and
wetland vegetation, and wetland hydrology.
5.1 REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHS
Monitoring: Photographs will be taken throughout the monitoring period to evaluate
vegetative growth along the stream corridor and in associated wetlands of the mitigation
site. Locations of the photographic points will be established and marked with stakes. A
map with notations of the photo reference points will be generated. Both lateral as well
as longitudinal photographs will be taken at the points.
Success Criteria: Photographs will be used to subjectively evaluate channel aggradation
or degradation, bank erosion, growth of riparian vegetation, and the effectiveness of
erosion control measures. Longitudinal photographs should indicate the absences of
developing bars within the channel or an excessive increase in channel depth. Lateral
photographs should not indicate excessive erosion or continuing degradation of the bank
over time. A series of photographs over time should indicate successional maturation of
riparian and wetland vegetation.
' 5.2 CHANNEL STABILITY
Monitoring: Permanent cross-sections will be established and monitored along the stream
' corridor of the mitigation site for each Rosgen classified stream type. Cross-sections will
be placed to monitor structures andlor features that may have an increased risk of failure.
The location of each cross-section will be marked to establish the exact transect location.
'
March 2003
1 40
I
?
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Strenm Mitigation Plan
Little Beavei• Creek. Wake County, NC
A common benchmark will be used for cross-sections and consistently used to facilitate
easy comparison of year-to-year data. Data will be collected once a year for three years.
Success Criteria: Judgments of success or failure of restoration activities using this data
will be subjective. It is expected that there will be minimal changes in the cross-sections
of the "as-built" and monitored years. Changes in the cross-sections that may occur
during the monitoring period will be evaluated to determine if they represent a movement
toward a more unstable condition (down-cutting, deposition, erosion) or are minor
changes that represent an increase in stability (settling, vegetative changes, decrease in
width/depth ratio). Unstable conditions that require remediation will indicate failure of
restoration activities.
5.3 PLANT SURVIVAL
Monitoring: The survival of vegetation in riparian buffers and wetlands will be evaluated
using survival plots or direct counts. The survival of live stakes will be evaluated along
the stream corridor of the mitigation site. Live stake planting will be monitored for three
years before success or failure is assessed. The 50-foot buffer on the stream should
extend 50 feet from each bank of the stream. Riparian buffers and wetlands should be
planted with a native species mix at a rate of 440 trees per acre, with a 3-year survival
rate of 380 trees per acre.
' Success Criteria: Success will be detertnined by survival of target species within the
sample plots. At least six different representative tree species should be present on the
entire site. In the wetland areas, cover should be 80°Io wetland species. If the vegetative
' success criteria are not met, the cause of failure will be determined and appropriate
corrective action will be taken.
? 5.4 GAUGE MONITORING
Monitoring. Groundwater monitoring gauge data will be collected throughout the
' monitoring period on a monthly basis. Official rainfall data from the State Climate Office
will be obtained on an annual basis to determine if annual totals during the monitoring
period fell within the normal range. An on-site rain gauge will be installed and data will
' be collected on a monthly basis. Groundwater and rain gauge data will be compared and
analyzed annually to determine if wetland hydrology is developing in the restoration
areas. For research purposes, 2 to 4 stage recorders will be installed in the reference reach
' and in the restored Little Beaver Creek. Data from the stage recorders will be collected on
a monthly basis.
, Success Criteria. Hydrologic restoration will be considered successful if groundwater
levels are within 12 inches of the surface for at least 12.5% of the growing season or for a
hydroperiod comparable to that of the reference wetland. If the period of saturation is
, between 5 and 12.5% of the growing season, the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and
hydric soils will be taken into consideration. In Wake County, the growing season is 228
'
March 2003
' 41
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Stream Mitigntion Plctn
Little Benver Creek, Wake CountL NC
7.0 REFERENCES
Amoroso, J.L., ed. 1999. Natural Heritage Progrcim List of'the Rare Plant Species of
North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Raleigh,
North Carolina.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlarcds
and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of
Biological Services, FWS/OBS-79/31. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
Choate, J.R., J.K. Jones, Jr., and C. Jones. 1994. Handbook of Mammals of the South-
Central States. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Doll, B. A., et al. 2000. Hydraulic Geometry Relationships for Urban Streams
throughout the Piedmont of North Carolina. American Water Resources Association.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. Chatham County, NC Flood Insurance Rate
Map, Community Panel Number 370299 0125 C. 1991.
Godfrey, R.K., and J.W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern
United States. Monocotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia.
Godfrey, R.K., and J.W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern
United States. Dicotyledons. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia.
? Harrelson, Cheryl, C.L. Rawlins and John Potyondy. 1994. Stream Channel Reference
Sites: An Illustrated Guide to Field Technique. United States Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service. General Technical Report RM-245.
' Hey, Richard and Dave Rosgen. 1997. Fluvial Geomorphology for Engineers. Wildland
Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, Colorado.
' LeGrand, H.E., Jr. and S.P. Hall, eds. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare
Animal Species of North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of
' Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina.
' NatureServe. 2002. International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial
Vegetation. Natural Heritage Central Databases. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.
,
March 2003
, 43
?
Strenm Mitigation Plan
Little Beaver Creek, Wake Counh% NC
' NCDENR. "Water Quality Stream Classifications for Streams in North Carolina." Water
Qualitv Section. http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wqhome.html (16 July 2001).
, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Division of
Water Quality. "Standard Operating Procedures, Biological Monitoring". January, 1997.
, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Land
Resources and Division of Water Quality, "Internal Technical Guide for Stream Work in
North Carolina", April, 2001, Version 3.0.
, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Division of
Water Quality, Water Quality Section, "Common Wetland Plants of North Carolina",
' August, 1997.
? Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and G.R. Bell. 1968. Marzccal of* the Vascular Flora of the
Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
? Rosgen, Dave. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs,
Colorado.
, Rosgen, Dave. 1997. A Geomorphological Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers.
Wildland Hydrology. Proceedings of the Conference on Management of Landscapes
Disturbed by Channel Incision.
' Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina, Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program,
, Division of Parks and Recreation, Dept. of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Raleigh, NC.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
United States Army Corps of Engineers, 1993. Installing Monitor Wells/Piezometers in
Wetlands. WRP Technical Note HY-IA-3.1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1977. Soil Survey of
Guilford County, North Carolina.
USDA-NRCS Soil Survey Division. July 1999. USDA-NRCS Official Soil Series
Description Home Page. http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/osd/
USDA-NRCS Soil Survey Division. June 1999. USDA-NRCS Hydric Soils Series Lists
by States. http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/hydric/state.html
USGS, Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4207. 2001. Estimating the Magnitude
and Frequency of Floods in Rural Basins of North Carolina-Revised.
Weakley A.S., K.D. Patterson, S. Landaal, M. Pyne and others, compilers. 1998.
International Classication of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation of the
March 2003
44
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Pattern Data for Little Beaver Creek
Curve Radius of C Beltwidth Wavelength
1 185 82
2 400
3 45 128 418
4 150 66 296
5 60 88 251
6 88 89
7 80
Avg 144 91 322
Min 45 66 251
Max 400 128 418
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Little Beaver Creek 3/25/2002
Pa : Ben Goetz, Jan Patterson Little Beaver Creek
Particle Count
Inches Particle Millimeter Riffle Run Pool Total No. Item % o Cumulative
SilUCla < 0.062 S(C: 0 1 2 3 2% 2%
Very Fine .062 -.125 S:: 3 2 1 6 3% 5%
Fine .125 -.25 A: 9 2 6 17 9% 13%
Medium .25 -.50 N: :: 5 10 11 26 13% 26%
Coarse .50 -1.0 Lt :: 3 6 10 19 10% 36%
.04 -.08 Ve Coarse 1.0 - 2.0 S: - 0 1 8 9 5% 40%
.OS -.16 Very Fine 2.0 - 4.0 1 1 1 3 2% 42°/a
.16 -.22 Fine 4.0 - 5.7 G 1 2 2 5 3% 44%
.22 -.31 Fine 5.7 - 8.0 5 4 6 15 8°/a 52%
.31 -.44 Medium 8.0 - 11.3 6 11 7 24 12% 64%
.44 -.63 Medium 11.3 - 16.0 V:: 9 17 2 28 14% 78%
.63 -.89 Coarse 16.0 - 22.6 10 11 3 24 12% 90%
.89 -1.26 Coarse 22.6 - 32.0 C 7 11 1 19 10% 99%
1.26 - 1.77 Very Coarse 32.0 - 45.0 S 1 1 0 2 1% 100°/a
1.77 - 2.5 Ve Coarse 45.0 - 64.0 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
2.5 - 3.5 Small 64 - 90 C 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
3.5 - 5.0 Small 90 -128 ? 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
5.0 - 7.1 Large 128 -180 ::: B: :: 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
7.1 -10.1 Lar e 180 - 256 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
10.1 -14.3 Small 256 - 362 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 L 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
20 - 40 Medium 512 - 1024 :: O:: 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
40 - 80 Lr - Ve Lr 1024 - 2048 R: 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
Bedrock $ R}f 0 0 0 0 0% 100%
Totals 60 80 60 200 100°k 100%
Particle Size Distribution
Tlittle Beaver Creek - Wake County, NC
tto%
i
1oo/
m 90% ?
L
? 80 %
m i
S 70/
m 60 %
>
W 50 %
E 40 % I
30 %
0 20 %
10%
0%
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Particie Size (mm)
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Riffle Subpavement Sample
Little Beaver Creek- Main Stream
Sieve Size mm 0.062 0.075 0.106 0.25 0.3 0.6 0.85 1.18 2 4.75 9.5 12.7 19 25
micro 75 106 250 300 600 850
Tare Wei h Ibs) 0.81 0.74 0.76 0.81 0.82 0.87 0.95 1.91 1.3 2.27 2.42 2.46 2.56 2.57

Sample Wei ht Ibs) 0.81 0.74 0.77 0.82 1.29 2.24 3.32 3.69 2.95 5.26 4.02 5.42 3.87 3.8
Net Sample Wei ht Ibs 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.47 1.37 2.37 1.78 1.65 2.99 1.6 2.96 1.31 4.1
% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 7% 11% 9% 8% 14% 8% 14% 6% 20%
% Cumulative 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 9% 21 % 29% 37% 52% 59% 74% 80% 100%
D50 Subpavement 3 mm
D50 Riffle Pavement 16 mm
Bar Material Particle Size Distribution
Little Beaver Creek - Wake County, NC
i oo°i
o
so%
80%

70% ?
y
>
60%
?
50% i
?
?
U 40
%
o 30%
I
I
?

20% I I I
i I

I

10% ? I I
0%
. ,
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Material Size (mm)
LP1 LP2
dia 72 60
weight 1.69 1.18
TOTAL
20.63 Ibs
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
Little Beaver Creek, Wake County
Riffle Pavement Sam le
Site: Littie Beaver Creek 3/25/2002
Pa : Ben Goetz, Jan Patterson Little Beaver Creek
Particle Count
Inches Particle Miliimeter RifFle Total No. Item % % Cumulative
SilUCla < 0.062 S{G : 0 0 0% 0%
Very Fine .062 - .125 :6: 0 0 0% 0%
Fine .125 -.25 A 0 0 0% 0%
Medium 25 -.50 2 2 1% 1%
Coarse .50 - 1.0 D: :- 3 3 1% 2%
.04 -.08 Ve Coarse 1.0 - 2.0 8 8 4% 6%
.08 -.16 Very Fine 2.0 - 4.0 1 1 Oo/a 7°/a
.16 -.22 Fine 4.0 - 5.7 G 4 4 2% 9%
.22 -.31 Fine 5.7 - 8.0 12 12 6% 15%
.31 -.44 Medium 8.0 - 11.3 A 35 35 17%a 32%
.44 - .63 Medium 11.3 - 16.0 38 38 19% 51 %
.63 -.89 Coarse 16.0 - 22.6 :: E 51 51 25% 77%
.89 - 1.26 Coarse 22.6 - 32.0 ' C 31 31 15% 92%
1.26 - 1.77 Very Coarse 32.0 - 45.0 8: 12 12 6% 98%
1.77 - 2.5 Ve Coarse 45.0 - 64.0 3 3 1% 100%
2.5 - 3.5 Small 64 - 90 1 1 0% 100%
3.5 - 5.0 Smail 90 - 128 O 0 0 0% 100%
5.0 - 7.1 Large 128 -180 0 0 0% 100%
7.1 - 10.1 Lar e 180 - 256 0 0 0% 100%
10.1 - 14.3 Small 256 - 362 6 0 0 0% 100%
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 l; 0 0 0% 100%
20 - 40 Medium 512 -1024 D: :: 0 0 0% 100%
40 - 80 Lr - Ve Lr 1024 - 2048 0 0 0°/a 100%
Bedrock gDRK: 0 0 0% 100%
Totals 201 201 100°k 100°h
Particle Size Distribution
Little Beaver Creek - Wake County, NC
tto%
t0o/
L 90 %
? 80 % ?
? 70 % ?
m 60% ?
>
? 50 %
E 40 %
L= 30 %
0 20 %
10%
0 %
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Particle Size (mm)
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Site Survey-LBC-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
E
I
C
I
I
I
I
a
"0
a
?
?
a
x
n
I
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
K 5 3 25 % P - ?, rtC,?Cr
Little Beaver Creek-Reach 1
Fall 2002
10 4.5
5
4
0 V\j 3.5
-5
3
c -70
c
°
-15 2.5 r
? c
W ?
`m -20
`c
3 ¢
c
? -25
0 - Gauge 7'
(7 1.5
30
1
-35
-40 0.5
10 +
? Growing Season = 228 days, 3/26-11/10
5
4
? Data from State Climate Office
° t 35 Raleigh 4 SW WETS Station.
-5 -
? 3
t -10
c
0
-?°? -15 M DailyPreclpitatbn 2.5 r ?
m "
W -Jurlsdictional WaterTable ?
; -20 -Gaug6 Rt• 2 ¢
c -6augeR2'
o '25
cy *JuASdktlonal fw 12.5% of 1.5 -'
a?nws? N.C. Wetlands Restoration Program
30
NCDENR DWQ-
? -
-35
„? os APPENDIX C
-°° Hydrographs
-45 Q
o Little Beaver Creek
?r. 4, °%0 2 . °?;°2
°? °2 0
? ? Wake County, North Carolina

t

r \

, ? -

Daily Precipitatlon
-Judsdictional Water Table
Gauge 6

Gauge 8
'Jurisdictionalfor 12.5% of
growing season
?

I
¦
? 2
I
I
H
E
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LJ
I
I
I
?
?
cD
?
a
x
v
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Raleigh Regional O.ffice
Michael F. Easley, Govemor '
Wilfiam G. (Bill) Ross, Secretary
Alan W. Kiimek, P.E., Director
October 2, 2002
Cherri Smith
NCDENR/DWQ
Wetland Restoration Program
1619 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1619
Dear Ms. Smith: AQ 7
A 4 0 !'
?
NCDENR
NoRTM CAROUNA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURIIL RFSOURGES
Subject: Little Beaver Creek
Wetland, Stream, and Buffer
Reference and Restoration Reaches
Cape Fear River Basin
Wake County ,
This letter is being sent to you in response to your request for written verification relative to the
suitability of the subject reaches. As per our site visit, conducted September 6, 2002, the
reference reach appears to be a relatively stable channel and suitable for use in developing a
restoration design.
The proposed stream and wetland restoration plan for the impacted reach located on the Olive
Farm must meet the minimum criteria for acceptance. Please be reminded that when conducting
rnorphological evaluations and measurements, the length of the reference reach must be at least
two (2) full meander wavelengths, approximately five to six riffle pools, or twenty ban.kfull
channel widtns.
If you should have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. (919-571-4700).
I Cc
I
Ben Goetz/Earth Tech
CO/Todd St. John
RRO
, 1628 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1628
Sincerely,
Steve Mitchell
Environmental Scientist
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]

Little Beaver
Creek Reference
Wake County
Field Crew: Ben Goetz, Jane Almon
RiverBasin: Cape Fear
Watershed: Little Beaver Creek
Reach: Fairfield Lots
DA: 0.30 sq mi (189 ac)
Date: 7125/2002
Station:
Feature: 1 +t 2
CS #t, Pool
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(FEET) (FEET) ( FEET) (FEET)
0+00.0 105.23 523 100.00
0+06.0 105.23 5.23 100.00
0+10.0 105.23 5.36 99.87 TERRACE
0+11.0 105.23 5.49 99.74
0+12.0 105.23 5.90 99.33
0+13.0 105.23 6.92 98.31
0+14.0 105.23 720 98.03 LBKF
0+15.0 105.23 7.52 97.71
0+16.0 10523 728 97.95
0+18.0 10523 7.20 98.03
0+20.0 105.23 7.15 98.08 TOB
0+22.0 10523 7.44 9719
0+23.0 105.23 7.89 97.34
0+23.7 105.23 10.02 95.21
0+25.0 10523 10.20 95.03
0+25.8 10523 1033 94.90 TW
0+27.0 10523 10.18 95.05
pi28.0 10523 9.90 95.33
0+28,0 105.23 8.18 97.05
0+29.0 10523 7.69 97.54
0+31.0 10523 7.31 97.92 TOB
0+34.0 10523 7.57 97.66
0+35.5 10523 7.68 97.55
Oi37.5 10523 7.62 97.61
Oi39.0 10523 7.20 98.03 RBKF
0+40.0 10523 6.86 98.37
0+41,0 105.23 6.53 98.70
0+42,0 10523 6.45 98.78 TERRACE
BANKFULL
Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth Area
(Feet) (Feet) (Sq. Ft.)
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.3 02
1.0 0.1 0.2
2.0 0.0 0.1
2.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 0.2 02
1.0 0.7 0.5
0.7 2.8 1.2
1.3 3.0 3.8
0.8 3.1 2.5
1.2 3.0 3.7
1.0 2.7 2.8
0.0 1.0 0.0
1.0 0.5 0.7
2.0 0.1 0.6
3.0 0.4 0.7
1.5 0.5 0.6
2.0 0.4 0.9
1.5 0.0 0.3
TOTALS 25.0 18.9
SUMMARY DATA (BANKFULL)
A(6KF) 18.9
W(BKF) 19.0
Max d 3.1
Mean d 1 0
Bank Ero sig rLHazaril.f n ISex BEH I)
Bank Erosion
Criteria Value Index Potential
Bank HUBk( Hl 1 1 very low
Root Depth/Bank Ht 1 1 very low
Root Density (%) 79 2 low
Bank Angle (Degrees) 60 3.9 low
Surface Protec6on (%) 79 2 low
Bank Materials sand 5
14.9
low
Cross Scetion #1, Pool

? 100 0 0
c
0
?? Bankfull
> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
gg
w
T
96
n
- --- - - - - - -
Q - - -

94
0 10 20 30 40
Station (ft)
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Ref Survey_little beaver Creek-LBC-1

Little Beaver
Creek Reference
Wake County
Field Crew: Ben Goetr, Jane Almon
River Basin: Cape Fear
Watershed: Little Beaver Cre ek
Reach: Fairfield Lots
DA: 0.30 sq mi (189 ac)
Date: 7125/2002
Station: 1+60
Feature: CS #2, Riffle
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(FEET) (FEET) (FEET) (FEET)
0+00.0 105.98 5.98 100.00
0+07.0 105.98 5.84 100.14
0+11.0 105.98 6.00 99.98 TERRACE
0+12.0 105.98 6.18 99.80
0+13.0 105.98 6.55 99.43
0+14.0 105.98 7.54 98.44
0+15.0 105.98 7.72 9826
0+17.0 105.98 7.67 98.31
0+19.0 105.98 7.59 9839
0+21.0 105.98 7.52 98.46
O+zz.O 105.98 7.72 9826 LBKF
0+23.0 105.98 7.95 98.03
0*23.5 105.98 9.08 96.90
0+23.8 105.98 9.50 96.48
0+25.0 105.98 9.71 9627 TW
0t27.0 105.98 9.50 96.48
0+28.5 105.98 9.33 96.65
0+28.7 105.98 8.38 97.60
0t29.7 105.98 7.73 9825
0+37.5 105.98 7.53 98.45
0+34.0 105.98 7.72 98.26
0+36.0 105.98 7.97 98.01
0t37.0 105.98 8.31 97.67
0+40.5 105.98 7.94 98.04
0+41.0 105.98 7.72 98.26 RBKF
0+43,0 105.98 7.00 98.98
0-47.0 105.98 6.69 9929 TERRACE
0+60.0 105.98 7.31 98.67
v 100
c
0
m
>
d
W
? 98
a
¢
96
BANKFULL
Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth Area
(Feet) (Feet) (Sq. FtJ
00 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.2 0.1
0.5 1.4 0.4
0.3 1.8 0.5
12 2.0 2.3
2.0 1.8 3.8
1.5 1.6 2.5
0.2 0.7 02
1.0 0.0 0.3
2.0 0.3 0.3
1.0 0.6 0.4
3.5 02 1.4
05 00 0.1
TOTALS 14.7 12.3
SUMMARY DATA (BANKFULL)
A(BKF) 12.3 W(FPA) 200
W(BKF) 14.7 Slope n/a
Max d 2.0 Slnuosit t`.i
Mean d 0.8 = A
Area
W/D 176 dh= W
Entrench 13 E
epth= D
Slream kfuli= BKF
Area from Rural Re ional Curve 9.1
Bank Erosio n Hazard I ndex (BEHq
Bank Erosion
Criteria Value Index Potential
Bank HUBkf Ht 1 1 very low
Root DepthBank Ht 1 1 very low
Root Density (%) 79 2 low
Bank Angle (Degrees) 60 3.9 low
Surface Protection (%) 79 2 low
Bank Materials sand 5
14.9 low
Cross Section #2, Riffle

Bank full

0 10 20 StatRfh (ft) 40 50 6C
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Ref Survey_little beaver Creek-LBC-1
? ? ? r ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? i¦¦i ? ? ? ? ?
Little Beaver
Creek Reference
Wake County
Field Crew:
River Basin:
Watershetl:
Reach:
DA:
Date:
Station:
Feature: Ben Goetz, Jane Almon
Cape Fear
Liitle Beaver Greek
Fairfield Lots
0.30 sq mi (189 ac)
7/25/2002
2+21
CS #3, Riffle
STATION HI FS ELEVATION NOTES
(Feet) (Feet) (Fee[) (Peet)
0+00.0 103.48 145 100.00
0+11.0 103.48 3.63 99.85 TERRACE
0+13.0 103.48 4.16 99.32
0+14.0 103.48 4.65 98.83 LBKF
0+15.0 103.48 5.00 98.48
0+17.0 103.48 4.98 98.50
0+19,0 103.48 4.72 98.83
0+23.0 103.48 4.63 98.85
0+26.0 103.48 4.52 98.96
O+zg.O 103.48 4.67 98.81 LTOB
0+30.0 103.48 4.96 98.52
0+31.0 103.48 5.40 98.08
0+31.5 103.48 6.07 97.41
0+33.0 103.48 6.54 96.94
0+35.0 103.48 6.64 96.84 TW
0+35.8 103.48 6.42 97.06
0+36.5 103.48 6.20 9728
0+37.0 103.48 5.19 9829
0+38.0 103.48 4.65 98.83 RBKF
0*41.0 103.48 4.54 98.94
0+43.0 703.48 4.05 99.43
0+50.0 103.48 4.20 99.28
101
r 100
c
0
? 99
a
w
Z` 98
m
a
a 97
96
0
BANKFULL
Hydraulic Geometry
Width Depth Area
(Feet) (Feet) (Sq. ft.)
0.0 00 0.0
1.0 03 02
20 03 0.7
2.0 0.0 0.3
1.0 0.3 02
1.0 0.8 0.5
0.5 1.4 0.5
1.5 1.9 2.5
2.0 2.0 3.9
0.8 1.8 1.5
0.7 1.6 12
0.5 0.5 0.5
1.0 0.0 0.3
TOTALS 14.0 122
SUMMARY DATA (BANKFULL)
A(BKF) 12.2 W(FPA) 125
W(BKF) 14A Slope 0.0025
Max d 2.0 Sinuosit 1.5
Mean d 0.9 Area= A
W/D 16.0 Widlh= W
Entrenchment 8.9 Deplh= D
Slream T e C5 Bankfull= BKF
Area from Rural Re ional Curve 97

Cross Section #3, Riffle
Bank EroSlOnHazdLd lndex(SEN-1)
Bank Erosion
Criteria Value Index Potential
Bank Ht/Bkf Ht 1 1 very low
Rool DeplhBank Ht 1 1 very low
Root Densiry (°'o) 79 2 low
Bank Anqle(Degrees) 21 2 low
Surface Protection ( % ) 79 .- low
Bank Materials sand 5
13
low

Pholo
K:/53257/Plan/Field Data/Ref Survey_litlle beaver Creek-LBC-1
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Distance (feet)
Llttle 8eaver
Creak Reference
Wab CouMy
LONGITUDIlWL PROFlLE GATTERN DATA FOR LITTLE BEAVER CREEK
cu? ClwrtlL BaXNMh
HIwBMV C?psFw
W?biYrS LLbBwrfiW t9 Ja t5a
la?rnPre?: lffiBew?rGYrY.FSYtlLda 2 l5 t6
D111q'NI: OJpn J 18 I.J
pb: WppMNN 18 J.J 52
16
REF Pf BS M FS ELEV NOTES 15
BY4W1 l9I tOlYf 100.00 SSMI a?
BY4W1 tOlY3 lYt 100.00 E-
BMIPYI 1.G6 tOt.A 100.00 ?3
BYfPYI t01.s 1.m 100.00 Enerb.00
35 5 B I6 17
i6 51
Min ti 5 C6
fi)
IAY1 10l%1 B.tt 98.Bt ]8 9].NB 5.50

D
3
R-

MS10 tOl.D3 ] 5]] B
]0 9I58 5]] '5 0 2 J00
d
10>? ) 9)b 521 7 }
7 u?
OK?O 0Y t0?Y1 9B8 R ]50 9]?t
97rl 531 M
IB 9]BB IbeEOIGHe
>fi0 BIJS 411 11 9]]2
11
Ob]0 BMIFMI
BY
t0192
t011
<]]
t< '
9)]e
"MVPod??u?
0)
508 a1 H)AS ?beEOlRlllb 1 tt25
1?00.0 BY 100.92 8.51 ., )]9 9].1J SOB 98.8/ ].IB 9).1 HeeaWWn 1

1.120
BY'A
0092
t0.J0
94.82
.b
9].N
SJB
99.5<
9.5
MmPoO1n 2
1.170 BY f01.Y3 998 9,.96 ]l5 97 47 91 51 Ibe! t90
1.249,0 BUI (AYI 10/.92 0.38 85.SJ ).]2 9130 Sl8 98.51 ).60 Bi?2 IleeEOfRiTe ).0 J.00
1.]10
BY
t0?.B2
960
95.]T
).)1
9).A
6.98
9i.BJ
]fi0
9]32
IbaCdRUi

1?a3.0 BNIAMI
BYf? J2
101.92
995 9sIX1
90.8i '?
791 'J12i
97.01
899
9].W
7.51
9)A1
1?520 BY 101.91 8.91 9t.9B 7.91 9).Ot 698 9).9J 0.1]
iM00 BYW11 101Y1 Y2D ]pB 8101 6W 98.Bp ).W YiP Itla1RiIM

1.70 RMI&ML- 0,.92 911 9)OB 80? 98.88 )6J 9i? lleeadR?n
..

1.100 BNIwMI

GMjAML 15>

161ffi 9.69

1-1 9523

Bt.91 1 9fi

l!6 91
,nG
9)O6

610 ?n
&Y
9l.82

].4)

9)?.5

MvPod
1?80.0 _
BY 1- 9.1? 95.19 ].82 9i.00 8.t0 98.82 ].]0 9- IMeO 06]
iM3.0 IPYI tO18B SY5 95.T3 <.W 91.05 8858 J.50 9>.1B 14?1 8.0 4.15
t.900 BY B.Si 95J5 9fi.?i J51 58.11 4.)5 96.Y1 ibeJ
BM IPMI n. ]]
2M5.0
2.130 BY
BY 01EB
t01.6B 741
6.- 9?.2)
9189 076
d.5? 96.92
9698 351
J.51 9B.ti
9898 4 .78
<.5? 96.92
9I.14 Mv
IMeE 3.65
2.18.0 Y 1.1 fi5> 95.t1 ate 96.k1 l55 t3.0
zwoo -il
w w io
as asz ss e.i4 .14 ae.w g
w.a
icr
i
zw7 o
z.wo ioi
ioiee is
ea.m aaz
asz ss7s 4 74
474
sn.sa
vs.s?
r.?v
w.a
zi1
] 1.0 BYIPYI 1088 BCB 474 96.06 Heetl 018
3M30 01 96 a96 96.)2 Ibtl
{, ?2 .
zno
2.A.0
BYIPYI
101.68
B?
96.99 soz
5.08
L
98.82 a
J93 ss.n
W.M r.?
IbeEOIGiEe zia
10 BYIPMI
1 Ot.fiB 62] 95.<1 . 56.6t 49i 96.)b IlenEO?RiTS t1.0
31 BY
1 O?.BB 60.5 9i.Zd SR 4 90 96.I0 1MedolRin
„??
3.31.0 BMIP111 101.68 Z. 9?.OJ 529 96.J9 <.90 96.]0 MaPoal 261
-.O
]K)I, BY
OYryY? 101.68
101.88 B.JO
668 95.38
95.03 5J3
535 98.J8
96.U 5.?
525 98.J0
96.CJ IbeEdGitle
HmdolRilM -316
1I ] 53

BI(FXOGE O.SA O.OOSA 1] 3.)5 t.)i50 3.ISM19
? ]l9 11, 2121
AfnreN 096 Oa1 0
5 4I7 OZB 11

311 0. 31 062
6.15
I LongitudinalProfle
Little Beava Creek
ioi.oo - ?
T - ?- -- --. .
i I I
100
00
.
ee.oo
_•
z ?
? - ' •• • I r=-o. ix.ea iai ? ?
.
o 'j" ?r' •"' M?
i
'?•
-• ?? R 0.9234 ,.
..
m 97.00

Woo - '
•
nCE
- ' Lima

SYJ OO I
? r&(F
64
W
.
O a O,e O a ? ? x > > 2 2 2e 2 w 3 x u'o ?7
IUSJt5)/RSJFieltlDdaTiNSUVay IiEbbeerorGreeXABGt
? m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Little Beaver
Creek Reference
Wake County
PEBBLE COUNT
Site: Little Beaver Creek Ref 7/25/2002
Pa : Ben Goetz, Jane Almon Little Beaver Creek Ref
Particle Count
Inches Particle Millimeter RifFle Pool Rrffle Pool Total No. Item % % Cumulative
SilUCla < 0.062 S/C:: 0 0 0 0 0 0% 0%
Very Fine .062 -.125 :: S:: 2 0 1 0 3 3°/a 3%
Fine .125 -.25 5 2 7 4 18 18% 21 %
Medium .25-.50 2 9 0 4 15 15% 36%
Coarse .50 -1.0 Ll :: 3 4 0 4 11 11 % 47%
.04 -.08 Ve Coarse 1.0 - 2.0 4 5 11 1 21 21 % 68%
.OS -.16 Very Fine 2.0 - 4.0 7 77 7 1 0 0 0 1 1% 69%
.16 -.22 Fine 4.0 - 57 Cr: : 0 1 0 1 2 2% 71 %
.22 -.31 Fine 5.7 - 8.0 R: 0 1 4 1 6 6% 77%
.31 -.44 Medium 8.0 - 11.3 2 0 2 1 5 5% 82°/a
.44 -.63 Medium 11.3 - 16.0 - Y-: 1 0 0 6 7 7% 89%
.63 -.89 Coarse 16.0 - 22.6 E: 3 2 0 3 8 8% 97%
.89 - 1.26 Coarse 22.6 - 32.0 t 2 1 0 0 3 3% 100%
1.26 - 1.77 Very Coarse 32.0 - 45.0
1.77 - 2.5 Ve Coarse 45.0 - 64.0
2.5-3.5 Small 64-90
3.5 - 5.0 Small 90 - 128 O
5.0 - 7.1 Large 128 - 180
7.1 - 10.1 Lar e 180 - 256
10.1 - 14.3 Small 256 - 362
14.3 - 20 Small 362 - 512 t_
20 - 40 Medium 512 - 1024
40 - 80 Lr - Ve Lr 1024 - 2048
Bedrock BDRK
ToWls 25 25 25 25 100 100% 100%
Particle Size Distribution
Little Beaver Creek Ref - Wake County, NC
110%

100% I I

90 %
?
? 80 %
i
c 70 %
-
m 60 % I

>
50%

40 % ?
E
j 30%
r
? ?
? 20 %

10%

0% ? I
I
0.1 1 10 100
?
Particle Size (mm) .
K:/53257/Pian/Fieid Data/Ref Survey_little beaver Creek-LBC-1
I
C?
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
I
I
i.um:: rn?um ki. reur?u.r.
?.,??. ?,.?
,.,_?„? ?,..,
It:ii?iihleikul= lixi (? Iri?n-l??i??llt?ii
?i: ? I{I= ?iMN? NMlunailnihe+c??[hcin l,w-k 1IV_nt.i.l',.
I TYI HI= 11f1.71 ?VI h?S= ' fil 'I'I'I 1'.I = IIYI ?I 113KI-= I ?li I1.iiiAtull
1?Y'fll= 11117TY2F?S= ; ()2 'I'V2 F:1= I????I ItUK
II•, Ii, , ll'?HI= InMy1TViH'S= fihS TP3Y:l= li?hsi Iw=IM1.?
"fl'AHI= IIW.34TPAFS= 4.I TV41:1.= IIUN? 1
II'.IIC.., TV, fll= 11151)STPSFS= fi.l? TPSF.1=
fS IoNM= 5()5 ?3M Y;1.= I
F:Illf()k= IIfN1

'
' NI1KF'
' I_1'(rli I:f1)I1 It'I`l)It It' ON
'

UI t Thu I?5u 1'S fLnwl wue

h'Icv. W.1er Wote? .1 BF

tiur are !: Su • e ' ev. N
c B Cj?F

Elev.
? NK4
h:le. i e+turc
Ilt I;Ic.. N,)ws NIW k
N:li?.. ? ?li?v.
LS2 L?K•utl t.u?urc
Y.(A
104.08 8 3 IfW.V N.J IIIA TR SA H
'. y 5
Illfi
- 9J
111 ?
-".- .. .III)
-"?- . 11 W.I
_11 .5 . .-4.7
- 1 ,- - ? I11.2
IJN 5 ].Y
711
Ifi51i N.I
_ 1t II ]7
i1:s 17
IYi?I? fifi
1UF.I? i-2
lJ
%.fi
4_t
ri5
II17.7 9.18 107 RO In5?
_
I(q-I 9.23 10395 9 _2 II15 .0
_
1112.6 9 .21 I07.95 117.2 NO IIIS.?
103.8 Y 19 103.98 n.l IU5.1
101.0
- 9.50 I01.67 8.2 105.11
-102 2 yas 107.72
---
102 R 945 103.72 81 1650
107.5 9A4 107.73 8 3 IM.9 N2 II)5.0
I03 _0 9_89 103.28 8.7 104 5
IOl.O IOUS 103 .12 N.N II11.1
102.2 6 .36 102.57 5.I I??l.N
_
IUI.B 6.35 102.58 50 If11.Y
101.0 6.32 10261 5.0 101,9
--" - I III 9 641 102.52 5.1 101.7
I00 .8 5.47 102.50 5.2 103.7
I0I.2 641 102.32 5.2 103 .7
-- I0I.2 6.02 102.51 S.l I03 .1
-- - 102.3
101,7 6.42
7 W 102.51
IOI.BY 5,0
S,N IoJ,Y
103.1
--' "-
Io1.5 ]20 101.7J 6.0 102.9
I(If).3 N.24 100.69 7.0 IOI.Y --
--
49.8 N.23 10(1.70 7.0 101.v
-? Ilq,d _9 .22 IW'/l 7.1 II11.Y --'-?
- - -14i'r ? S:i in,ui
xN ? IINI i? r.] il)[?al
.. . - ? x I I 15I?'
TV 23 8 4'

MY
- - TR 42 1 IL
,.P 6I.0 V
-
7..5 ?.. I067
- - MY '

.
TG 1N1.1 (i
.
. '
? '? TN 43.5 Ii
' - - Trun 112.7 kun
TR 124.0 R
2 4 IIM.OI TP Nnw usi n TN3 HI 156 8 Y
MY

46 I(}1.1J

-'?--
- TG 183 8 G
TR 198.0 N
Trun 219 .5 Nun
TR 242 0 R
TV 252.5 V
MP
TR R
I
,
'
t
'
'
'
,
'
,
'
1
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
kini. \.,. n-. , i
hti:lry iu.il<IuPih?fl ln,J)
Uirolh Irum
unm- FS ei.. rv."y
0
- ? ? 4 vnn I.BKF
1
?
? a.2
-- - 45 N
-
'6
..
. 4 .3 v5.7
? I.IN
{J 5 4511
.. I.F.W

?
5 1
-

. .--
YJ Y
__---
(i
-_ _-
_- 5 1
. Y4.4
8 S1 ?)AY
10 5.3
.
.
12
..
.. 5.3
. .4q.1
54 11I M1 ?I-W
' 51 949 k1:W
a
.a . .-4no _ HUKF
Rilil: XtiI. ii..n a_
'
111- I?NI
I.rth t
U
lh f

Nulea eo
rom
BKF
959 LBKF o.0
4 7 95 3 LIB (16
0 5 944
- LF:W 1.5
944 1.5
iW 1.5
12
I
.
1.3
14
REK' 1.2
0.4
o.I
RBKF 00
Hwl X-Sc.ii.,n dl
Lixali??n 11?4n
4{I=11N) (arlr) .
11' 5 1 94,5
2.5 6_1 93.7
J5
5 I 7 5
7 ] 925
923
s n 90 920
w
64 ai
9 fi vni
IJ0.4
70 ').] 90.3
8,1 4.4 906
8 7 9 7 `10.3
4.G 111.5 89.5
11 2 105 895
I1fi 10.1 899
14 7 97 w3
ISfi Y4 50.6
16 2 Xq YI fi
IfiS NU 92.0
17.1 7.5 Y25
17A 7.} 92.7
19.5 7.11 93.0
21.0 68 Y31
Denih from
ryules AM
LTOB
Letcr 0,0
Lew 1 i
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.7
il4 '.5
_5
2.1
1 7
RFW 1.4
0.4
NBKf 00
RTUB
BKFWidth= 11.1
Are,= 20.1
M.x.depth= 1.5
Mnn Uepth= I.M
WId11JUepthRatLu hl
'
t
'
'
t
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
,
'
'
'
'
'
,
Vrbblr ( ?uw?1
I)x?e: , `t/IV?rv
TJd..\my Ih?rn,y. h Mik. (1'Ituurkc
$,c(mm) ToInIM `F Cuin
SilUt'In. mnn. 0 0
R
A
V
E
L
I)I6 6 mm
1)t?? 45 mm
I)W 125mm
•ull numbas entrapolalal from dela
PebAle Counl (4' Rlchland Creiek Iduwnstrraml
Aleonder Geomelry Dela
SIte: It?ihlun?ICrcck (d uwnslrc:un)
U.le: 5R1/1999
Y-y: AmnnAn T?w1J, Am y Wmcy. Mike o'Rourkc, J. Panc lson, s W. Clin1un
NAI)II'S ()FCUItvATUItF.
ReJ.Of
MennJcr id-( Jin- 1 C C ? Mea?iJu Warelen th B??iI N'i IIh
I _ 11.9 4 14.3 I Y1111. ;
li
1.1 IS 26.1 2 `}I li ?
S li
? X 28 163 1 a0 fi
6Nan 18 Mean v? I? Maen 31 li
Aledbn 16 Mallan 92 !i ?1 dian Y li
Mce 26 Mox Y4 ft. Mua 4n n
Mln l4 Min YO fI. MIn =t li
Va11- Lcn Ih
?I7 fi
l).OM1
0.1
0 25
I1.5
4
5.%
11.3
2>.6
16
32
i5
64
YO
12N
I80
256
362
512
1 02
4
204P
2500
I
I
I
I
I M?v? M ?lian M Max
\I . N(fl Ihp I f?Hli 1. I S I S I 1 1 5 I 1... I ???'il 1, . ii i S
It'(Ilu W Ilh(W )(Il) ' Ifi.S Ifi.S Ifi ifi.7 !I?? I I w? ii 1 11 I
N fll , X-S ci. Ar -fA lff?^21. I5.' 15.2 I511 I5.5_ 1 \ ?ci \ \?lili i. '1?.1
Hiltl M- liwikfullihpil(,ImFkl). I)Y 11.4 04 n?l
I
I
I
n
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
k

lien u Mnn N+ul Ihp11YM Hdfl Ilcp h(Jp ./ I ne ) I 7 I
-- .

Ra1iuV IW'IM2-fI1 WdhfWPM'1
11 •

- ? ?
r
-
R. Viwl Art:?R'fll A nA,J
A1 I
, I

. wd Ihpnh/M' n B?nk(ull Ikp 1 nn?dhkll
linii?,. Man H
]U
Naii?? L??w?rl Benk HcighVMaa flan4lull I)cpth(dh""/, Iml.kll. i
S?rcnnilluw. h'sli?na?cd Mun Vcl?aily(u) (: Bunkluil SiaKc:
tiVCamflow f;silinnicd Ilischnrge(Q) F* Bankfull Cinkc t F ?
(;henml Yunem Af hl I Ni l1aA
Mcandc W-'I gifV ) I`) IIj I! fifi

?
RaJiu, fC eire
u(It ?
?

1

_Y.11?
B II iJih(Whl r J?I li
Meanda wdlhRatio(MWN-WnIVWhki) . IY11 I? I Ii?
RA71(). k d' salCUrvnlunlBenkfull Widtli(ItJWhk?: S.SV 55) Sfi 6?
NATIO:M JrWuvelrngtNBankfullWidih(lm/Whkll' IIS 11!) %M I
cn.. _ir-m, nl-tt M"W" 'i?" 'I,t.
VnlleySlupv: II.OI?M1 II/(1
Walcr$utiaccSli??. OllliJ lil (1
RifllcSliy?: UOJIM1 f111188 ?tll IIr1144 li!!i
P-lSl",'. 0.qX11 111YN12 IIINIIJ IIIKKIl (i/(1
linn Slnpu'. I1fN171 11(MI"/} (IIMM
--? 07I82 I1:(t
GIiJu$I?p?'. II,IXNIU fl(MN)() I1.IX1 IIIMXp Il/It
Itllllu LunNili: 12 n 1.1 0 t S I 80 li
P,nd Lcngih- 2711
... ?v.N
-_-.. ] II
_."-. 11 5
- (i
Run Length. 2-1 1 ' t 14 S 25 ) (i
(ilnI.L-gth: 10.5 IU.S 91 I2 .5 li
Rifll 1 N fll Sp iing. 36 5 R 5 is S c?.1 (i
Piwl Y I Sp? ciny 76.3
? 95 9 17 t )SX li
Hifll N IS?-iinK'. Ix.N I8 -1 I .'7 R li
HA71(1.H'ffl SI pelW 1$ f- SI- '_.JN 1 I 11 Yfi
RATIO:Y ISIupdWl S f' SInp? 003 11.111 1111 lnl
RATIO. N SlnprlW 1 S(" SI _ 0.55 II SS 114
I l?:
HATIO:GIiACSIopM/W 1 rS K:" SloPc: fl(M) 11tM1 olp _ r(Ml
NAlln: Max. Hi(Ile Dep11?Mean Bankfuli Ihp,h. 1.57
XATI(Mnz.Fu?l Ihplh/Mcan Bu,k(ull lxplh'. 2311
RATIC): Max. Run IhplNMcan Bankfull lhpth. Na
HA77(): Man. Glidc UpINMcan BankNll Ihp?h: Na
RATIO. Riffle lxnglh/Bank(ull Widlh. 0.75 1185 IIJO I IN
RATIU'.Pwll.engiNBankfullWiJ 1.64 I.xl (141 ?13
NATI(): Run LcnglhBankPoll WiJlh: 1.75 ?.75 I 14 1 52
RATI(1:GIiJcLenetWBmkfuIlWidth. 1) 61 261 05_ 11.76
RATIC):Rifllc1uNifllc5pncing/BankfullWWth: 2 .22 2 .?2 2.I6 1.12
RA170: Yuol m Yuul Spacing/Bankfull W iJih. 4.6J 5 N_ 1 26 182
HATIt):Ri(IIeInP?ilSpaciny/BmikfullWidth. I.IJ 1.1_' I).(W I.fi4
UWI: Ilq min Sirci.:h
JmM1kf: 2N? mni
Jmhkf/I)Ft4: 2821
Wu• : 5.7 kcfurcn.u. k?» Kcn kc(?rcncc Nuicli 1'i.ld Aiwk
Mani,ingv'n' n.IN "
h
Rt:F'ERENCE REACH Summury Data
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
IEC-RAS Plan: LBC EC Rlvar Uttle Beavar Cr Raech: Readi t

Reedt:-.
Rlver3le
t?•76W-
Mln##h:EF
W.9:k'
C?ItVi!.S,
?G:Eldv __
?E.G;.$lo :.. YaI.CMi
FlOwArea .
TapWMlh
-FtoudaA?Gh1,•
.;&iaeiChan :.
.Pe PCfiei
?
'ast':: hl I:".. .(It :! ':? (rtM .(iVs)_ -;(s n1 `'.' (11}
rr,1
a 1U . " bAF e)
?"
i
RNCht ' $0 4800 291.80 292.81 292.81 293.14 0.027711' a551053? 16.39 1.00 1.09 4.89
FYSCht 50 118.00 291.80 297.38 283.36 293.84 0.0251B0 551_ „ 11.42 23.32 1.01 1.42 7.83
fibeth i . 60 ' 183.00 291.80 283.62 293.82 294.15 0.0241181 5 .e6y 27.83, 26.77 1.01 1.54 8.02
Reecht ? 50 252.00 291.80 294.06 294.06 294.65 O.O1B5071 5 19 ; 424 11 44.48
?
. 093 1.57 970
_
._.-
_
..___._
_
Raacht 49 49.00 29070 291.85 291.90 _
0.004a18 ....
i95: 2469: 38JB 0.41 OJ9 0.78
ROBCIi t r 19 118.00 29070 292.39 282.43 0.004985 2 65}
4707 57.09 0.48 0.32 0.84
qaeeh t ? 48 18?.00 290.70 292.55 292.e8 0.005028 _
2911 81.02
87.50 0147 0.38 1.08
Reech 1.'
... . 49 252.00 29070 292.88 293.04 0.005223 _
332, 96 06 85.25
? 0.50 0.45 1.68
_ __. ....
_. _. . _ _
qeichi •-. 48 48.00 288.80 29O.B8 280.85 291.13 0.076954 1523 20.59 0.78 0.58 1J5
Readlt :'. JB 118.00 289.80 291.48 291.29 291.87 0.013315 3a933.85 45.81 0.71 0.61 2.13
paaChl 48 183.00 269.80 291.88 2fl1A7 291.89 O.Otd719 3.82f 4270 SC20 OJB 0J2 2J4
RNCh 1 IB 252.00 289.80 291.98 281.76 292.22 0.016775 ......
0 15T 60.78 80.49 0.78 0.81 3.37
.. . . .____._ . j...._"_
Reeeh 1"- 47 48.00 207.40 288.82 288.62 289.06 0.026868 5 291 9.08 10.87 1.01 1.36 7J 7
Relth 1 .. 17 118.00 287.40 289.50 208.50 289.97 0.023275 5491 21.89 28.36 0.88 1.38 7.59
Raech t == 47 163.00 287.40 289.83 288.89 29025 0.019377 5 28$ 3425 _ 48J2 0,88 1.25 8.61
Ra9ch1 L 47 252.00 287.40 290.17 290.17 290.81 0.01e4e1 564
5259 82.19 0.89 1.38 7.88
"..
RaeE? t 46 48.00 288.40 28Z62 287.84 0.004599 t 44; 99.56
....... _.-. 90.82 0.37 0.12 0.18

Raath 1.'... ::::r
18
-
118.00
288.40
288.58
288.58
0.000949 .
I 111
... _ 124.00

720.11

0.18

0. 06

0.08
RwCht..`... :.:
46 183.00 288.40 288.88 288.90 0.0oo747 1 14; 169,16 147.41 0.17 0.08 0.06
Raech 1.'-. 46 252.00 288.40 209.38 289.01 0.00061 I 120? 245.66 784.06 0.18 O.OG 0.07
...
RaaChi . AS 48.00 285.80 287.69 287.71 0.000841 102 , 5225 6272 0.17 0.05 0405
Raech 1 ... 46 118.00 285.80 288.49 288.51 0.000584 1.23 112.89 88.35 0.17 0.08 0.07
PNCh 1- 45 183.00 285.80 288.82 288.64 0.000555 1.36 143.48 9e.51 0.17 0,07 0.09
RaeeAt 46 252.00 285.80 208.32 289.35 0.000554 _ i58 194.e1 107.13 0.18 0.08 0.13

peaCA 44 4E.00 284.90 287642 287.55 0.005004 2.87 17.49 1928 0.43 0.38 1.02
RMC?11 ? 41 178.00 284.80 288.11 288.35 0.008708 O.OB
--- 35.05
-- 31.97 0.52 0.85 2.86
HYSCh 1..:'. 44 183.00 284.90 288.40 288.87 0.007441 a58 44.94 3755 0.55 O79 3.84
Raech i 44 252.00 284.80 288.82 289.17 0.008747 5.30 64.00 53.77 0.80 1.05 5.67

qyacfll 43 48.00 284.90 288.18 288.18 288.81 0.023845 5.29 9.39 1322 0.95 1.31 6.9S
R66ch4 ". 43 118.00 284.80 288.94 288.G4 287.38 0.016016 5J2 27.08 94.99 0.e3 1.34 7.e7
Rwcht..:? 43 183.00 2B/.90 287.18 287.19 287.94 0.015780 6.06 3799 /4.55 0.83 1.48 8.85
pyee111 ,.. 43 252.00 284.90 287.55 287.55 2118.03 0.018080 6.63 55.33 57.38 0,85 1.87 11.10

peoeM 42 48.00 282.80 265.32 295.37 0.006676 2.38 27.13 45.35 0.42 0.29 0.87
RMeh 1 42 " ' 118.00 282480 288.00 288.05 04001885 2.38 84.42 65.97 0.34 0.25 0.80
q6aeh 1 ' 42 183.00 282.80 288.28 288.32 0.003953 2.09 84.00 82.82 0.34 0.27 0.e8
Raech1 42 252.00 282.80 288.81 288.89 0.004108 2.73 116.80 103.86 0.98 0.31 0.86

FYleh 1..' 41 .. 48.00 282.50 284.54 284.68 0.005850 3.05 18073 15.86 0.48 0.40 1.23
P9etk 1 =.? 41 118.00 282,50 285.21 285.95 0.007781 4.23 36.57 48.57 0.57 0,70 2.98
RMCh 7 ? 41 183.00 292.50 205.53 285.78 0,006374 429 56.52 73.19 0.54 0.89 2.96
R4eCh t' . 41 252.00 282.50 286.07 288.23 0.004121 4.00 103.11 101.38 0.45 0.58 223

q9YCh 1".? 40 85.00 281.80 263.87 284.00 0.009805 328 30.14 35.47 0.59 0.52 1.69
qoschl 40 208.W 201.80 284.82 284.84 0.004874 3.23 82.37 78.89 0.48 0442 1.38
qoeCh 1 ` 40 288.00 281.80 285.21 285.32 0.003950 3.39 115.92 87.30 0.43 0.43 1.47
R6BCh1 : 40 442.00 281.80 285.80 285.91 0.003148 161 t79.68 120.10 0.40 0.45 1.61

Reach 1 I' 39 85.00 281.00 283.73 2113.78 0.001098 1 45 58.49 43.78 0.42 0.09 0.13
qaaCh t'. 39 208.00 281.00 284.70 284.78 0.000989 1.92 118.28 81.53 0.23 0.13 0.25
ResCh 1 - 39 288.00 281.00 285.09 285.18 0.001002 2.16 15436 120.38 024 0.18 0.34
peach 1 39 442.00 281.00 285.89 285.76 0,000056 2.42 245.94 174.39 024 OJB 0.44

ReaCh 1 .6. 38 85.00 281.20 283.54 283.91 0.002125 2.19 39.82 29.41 032 0.10 0.42
Rg9ch1. 38 208.00 281.20 284.45 284.80 0.002817 3.17 70.30 39.04 0.97 0.35 1.11
R98Ch1 S: 39 288.00 281.20 284.78 284.88 0.009083 375 84.16 45.Bi 0.41 0.47 1.77
qeech 1 38 442.00 281.20 28525 285.57 0.003899 474 109484 68.OB 0.48 0.71 3.37

Raech 1 ... - 37 . 85.00 28120 283.0.3 283.46 0.001029 7.34 63.50 52.12 021 0.00 0.10
R6aCM i I' 37 209.00 281.20 284.39 284.44 0.000926 179 116J0 61167 022 0.12 0.21
Raech 1'.' 77 288.00 281.20 284J2 284J7 0.001047 2.17 138.91 70.31 024 0.15 0.32
RaacNt .L: 37 442.00 281.20 295.21 285.92 0.001308 2.66 178.02 84.08 0.28 023 0.81

R"ch1 . 38 85.00 279.50 283.92 292.12 283.95 0.001317 1.72 8021 50.71 0.24 0J2 0.20
Reecll t.... - 39 208.00 279.50 264.28 284.33 0.001339 2.11 120.51 74.71 0.25 0.18 0.34
R§ach t 38 288.00 279.50 289.60 294.87 0.001487 2.44 146.02 82.94 027 0.21 0.50
Reeeh1 ....!' 38 442.00 279.50 285.07 285.17 0.001833 3.03 185.81 88.51 0.31 0.30 0192

fiasctll ! 35 85.00 28D20 282.112 282.36 283.04 0.008158 3.73 22.77 17.68 0.58 0.60 223
qaeClft ' 35 - 208.00 280.20 283J9 283.33 284.02 0.007373 4.12 59.94 61.18 0.58 0.87 2J8
Rasrh1 ..' 35 288.00 28020 284.11 283.69 289.35 OOOGGIB 4.31 84.26 90.33 0.58 0.70 3.03
qegCh i.:.'. 35 442.00 280.20 284.52 289.13 284.80 0.006495 4.88 128.39 130.10 0.58 0.84 4.12

Reedh 1 . 34 85.00 279.20 281.22 29178 0.021221 5.88 14.48 11.11 0.91 1.50 8.82
fleech 1 ' 34 208.00 278.20 282.27 28227 282484 0.020148 8.17 36.02 33.54 0.92 158 9.82
Raech 1.: .I 34 .. 288.00 279.20 202.56 282.58 28323 04020893 617 48.58 40.57 0.96 1.84 12.48
Feech 1 .: 34 "2.00 279420 283.14 283.10 283.79 0.018773 6.87 76J0 62.38 0.88 1.77 12.18

Reech.l-.:-.. 33 85.00 279.00 281.37 281.39 0.000726 133 73.80 57.54 0.18 0.07 0.09
R9eeh1 ?.. 33 208.00 278.00 282.06 28212 0.001285 2.05 11876 68.G0 025 0.15 0.31
I
,
,
'
,
r
,
?
?
r
,
?
?
'
?
'
,
'
?
?
Reech." RNorSta qTotii ' • MlnI]t.4 EGtElav Ett,:Btope Val CivN F7owArea YopWWm. ,..FiaMaAClrl ;'9Etaer:Cnen,:: •pewarCtwn?,.
as) ' , m> (+rm) ?s) , f?a n> ' i nl .
. , , . ::
Reaeh t. 33 288.00 279.00 28239 ? 282 <1 0001605 2.44,
13u B1 70.23 0.29 0.21 0,52

Reachl .
Ii
44200
279.00
282.77 - t_... -
202.85
? .. __ __ _ - _ .__.
.
0.002279'.
31 1'16391 7526
0.35
0.93
1.0.3
_.... .
Roecht 32 ' 0S.oo 278.70 281.22 I 281 y28T 0_002592__ 203. e845; 59.331
" _-
- 039 0.18 0.37
RBetY11 32 208.00 27870 281.84 _
28193 .
? 0.003290i 2681 95.00 97.33
...
._ .
.-_ 039 029 0.78
Raechl 32 28800 278.70 282.06 ? 28218 .
?.
0003865 3.Oa ? I16B3 i07.15 0.43 0.36 1.71
Reachl 32 442.00 278.70 282.40 28255 0.004673 7.57l 15617' 129.03 0.48 0.49 1.73
t
ReaCh 1 31 85.DO 278.90 280.93 280.43 280.72 0.020915 4.5
6 _
_21 9T 38.67 0.88 1.02 4.66
Reach 1. 31 208.00 27B.90 2BO.B9 281 28 .
0.020986 a 901 ?
St 40. 72.85 0.90 7.14 5.58
qmc1?1 7
eac 31 288.00 278.90 281.29 28152 0075579? a.a0 7786 100.81 OJ8 0.90 3.88
Reecht '. 31:. 412.00 278.90 28170 281.91 0010 74J
i
419 t2 126.73 0.68 OJB 3.37
_ _.
} .. ....
-? ------1 --
Reech 1 - 30 85.00 277.80 278.54 278.10 279,61 0.004006 2 51 _ 44 19 50.77 0.40 0.28 OJ5
Reach 1-

Heachl

Raechl - 30 -

30

30 .... 208.00

286.00

442.00 277.80

277.80

277.80 280.19

280.47

280.92 279.55

27978 280.31

28061

287 tt 0.004641

0.005162

0.005541 3.3

780

..... 433 el 71

100.40

135.53 8476
_-
72.58
._._
82.58 0.a4

0.48

0.50 0.45

0.55

0.88 7.51

2.08

2.94
I

ReaCh I
29
85.00
278.70
278.68 '
278.88 _"
0.017945 _ ..
22.69
34.21
0.81
0.81
3.26
Reach 1 29 208.00 278.70 279.30 279 58 0.013785 6 49 51.32 -'- 54.77 0.78 0.80 4.04
Raach 1 29 288.00 278.70 278.67 279.93 0.010417 4.34 73 22 65.31 0.68 0.80 3.46
RBech 1 ' 29 442.00 278.70 280.22 280.48 0.007978 _
439 _
112.971 _,
81.21 0.82 036 3.32
_
_ .. .
?._._. ... _ ?--_? -
Reech 1 28 85.00 278J0 278.87 278.68 0.000352 071 120.07 116.12 0.12 0.02 0.02
Re2Ch 1''^ 28 208.00 278.70 279.32 279.30 0.000657 1.03 201.99 795,59 0.15 0.04 0604
Ruchi ;- 28 288.00 278.70 279.67 279.69 0.000461
_._ f 14 250.40 144.93 0.15 0.05 0.06
ReBCh 1"'. 29 d42.00 278J0 280.22 26025 0.000467 1.32 336.67 185.28 0.16 0.06 0.08

Reacht :.' 27 130.00 276.60 278J8 278JB 278.51 0.020068 4.88 29.32 57.08 0.99 1.05 4491
Raeahl 27 , 920.00 278.60 278.80 279.18 0.010951 372 9571 110.11 0.67 0.84 238
Kiath t 27 440100 278.60 279.40 279.55 0.006604 727 145J8 190.34 0.54 0.47 1.52
Raecht 1 27 880.00 278.80 478.89 280.13 0.004178 3.17 231.32 157.21 OAS 0.40 1.26

Reech t 28 130.00 274.60 277.97 277.89 0.000601 1.07 128.43 118.38 0.16 0.05 0.05
i198M 1 .. <.': . ¢9 . . 320.00 274.80 278.87 279.00 0 .000466 1.37 259.39 1d0.91 0.16 0.07 0.08
FiNd77 26 440.00 274.80 27G.38 27939 0.000509 1.58 315.28 151.58 0.17 0.08 0.13
Rdenh 1 . 28 -" 860.00 274.80 278.92 278.97 0.000594 I 95 408.60 174.29 0.19 0.12 023

Reath t ?.- 26 130.00 275.00 277.13
-7.13
27
27777
0.023667
820
20.82
17.21
1.00
1.69
10.53
pyethl ,'. 25 320.00 275.00 278.18 278J8 278.79 0.078046 6.32 52J0 54.19 0.94 1.61 10.30
Roechl -i: 28 .
V 440.00 275.00 278.57 278.57 278.18 0.010405 8.48 7878 78.82 0.85 1.57 10.19
Raseht ? 25 '
. 880.00 275.00 279.08 279.06 27974 0.012627 7.71 122.31 89.32 0.83 1.75 12.44

Rsach7 .. 14 130.00 273.80 275.55 275.73 0.008102 3.48 37.33 34.71 0.59 0.54 1.87
p08CA 1 20 320.00 273.80 278.44 276J4 0.007460 4.40 72J0 44.68 0.81 OJS 3.28
Re9ch4 I'.... 24 440.00 273.60 278.02 277.19 0.007533 4.85 90.66 48.43 0.83 0.87 421
q08eh 1..:'':...... 2d..... :.; 880.00 273.80 277.43 277.91 0.007804 5.56 122.75 55.09 0.65 1.07 5.97

pbaCh t- 28 130.00 272.80 275.17 275.24 0.002013 228 8425 58.82 0.34 0.21 0.47
FleaCh t 23 320.00 272.80 278.15 276.28 0.002166 2.87 129.95 70.42 0.94 0.29 O.B3
p9eth 1 .'. 23 440.00 272.80 278158 278.69 0.002163 3.22 183.14 86.64 0.95 0.34 1.10
ReBCh1 ..-:: 23 880.00 272.80 277.22 277.40 0.002179 3.76 225.64 109.75 037 0.43 1.63

ROeCh t ? 22 130.00 271.50 274.70 274.90 0.004619 3.66
_-- 40.84 37.00 0.43 0650 1.84
R"eh i._ 22... ?: - 320.00 271.50 275.45 275.85 01007981 5.60 75.24 58.36 0.57 1.09 8.12
qaech1 22 440.00 211.50 275.74 276.25 0.009472 6.50 92.90 84.10 0.83 1.42 9.25
RuCA 1 ':-- 22 880.00 271.50 278.33 276.94 0.010244 7.54 144.30 132.56 0.68 1.82 1311

Raeehl 21, 130.00 271.90 274.03 274.23 0.008525 164 38.41 55.55 0.61 0.58 2.12
Reach 1 :. 21 320.00 271.90 275.07 275.19 0.003803 3.13 130.48 119450 0.43 0.30 1.79
FleaCk t.. 21 440.00 277.90 275.57 275.67 0.002361 2.95 195.50 138.55 0.98 0.31 O.B1
fieBCh 1 . 21 880.00 271.80 278.34 276.43 0.001580 2.97 308.03 157.72 0.31 0.20 0.03

Raach 1 ... 20 130.00 270.90 273.81 272.69 273.72 0.003976 2.67 48J0 38.40 0.42 0.30 0.81
ReeCbt . 20 320.00 270.90 274.73 273.67 274.90 0.002893 337 98.52 54.20 0.39 0.40 1.34
qeech 1. 20 400.00 270.90 27525 273.94 275.45 0.002628 3.68 131.37 72.18 0139 0.44 1.83
Reach1 .'.. 40... .......`.? 680.00 270.90 278.00 274.50 27615 0.002514 922 190.64 85.64 0.99 0.53 2.25

ReaCh i 79 130.00 270.50 27275 273.08 0.010088 4.58 28.40 20.16 0.68 0.86 3.92
Raeeh 7 . 19 320.00 270.50 273.81 274.28 O.OI4395 8.55 49.99 3120 0.05 1.80 10.49
RBechf . 14 440.00 270.50 273.89 273.89 274.81 0.018146 774 59.12 3535 0.97 2.18 16.87
Rleah t' 19 890.00 270.50 274.63 274.83 275.83 0.016301 ? 824 89.19 46.28 0.94 2.33
.
1918

Raachl ' 1B 130.00 270100 272.89 272.90 0.000269 0.97 173.73 99.44 0.17 0.03 0.03
RGecht . 1B 320.00 270.00 273.84 273.96 O.OOO415 1.48 313.28 170.63 0.15 0.07 0.10
Reech t 18 440.00 270.00 274.38 274.39 0.000429 1.63 389.24 184.67 0.15 0.08 0.13
Reechl 18 680.00 270.00 275.00 275.07 0.000458 1.89 519,25 202.44 0.16 0.11 0.20

q9ech 1 " 17 130.00 269.60 272.88 272.82 0.003502 103 42.87 25.65 0.41 0.35 1.07
Rath 1 _ 17 320.00 269.80 273.58 273.83 0.005041 4.32 88.70 7529 0.52 0.66 2.86
Raech 1 17 440.00 288.60 273.98 274.28 0.004768 4.53 123.79 90.40 0.51 0.70 3.16
Reecht 77 880.00 289.80 274.68 273.93 274.94 0.004078 4.63 194.44 110.87 0.48 0.69 3.21

Rischt 18 130.00 270.80 27175 271J5 272.17 OA255B9 5.15 25.24 31.08 1.01 1.2fl B.B4
Raaeh t. -' 18 920.00 270.80 272.71 i
1
273.15
0.012836
5.35
59.80
41.31
0.78
1.15
8.15
Riecht . 18 440.00 270.60 273.06 273.59 0.012175 5.89 7472 44.51 0.80 1.32 7.80
R88ch 1. 16 880.00 270.60 273.69 274.34 0.011846 8.47 105.10 51.32 O.BO 1.50 9.69
2
'
'
'
'
'
'
?
?
'
?
'
r
'
'
?
'
'
r
?
Aaafil. RHxBtn •-:4Tolel... ;MlnCfiel ., W.9:Hev -CrI1:W:6. E6_E7av . G,?B •,.Ya1CMl :.FlowAma
_ Yo Wltlth FiiwtW#Clrl', ::! arChen::. . P,owrrCFian
d!):; ' _ . , lrcrtt) 1R/!) '' Iq (tQ
tijl! `?
..• 6);, ,

RaeCh 1
Reach t 15
16 130.00
320.00 268.00
288000 270.78
272.13
? 270 95 0.00777T ... _. .1
3 75
2???1
-0-.0041 88 ?'
... I.-- -- 36 71
i 104 55 21.72
83.10 0.48
0.48 0.48
0,51 1.71
? 1.91
Reecht 15 440.00 268.00 272.74 - _
-
.737
? 27288? 0
.002959? .
158.54
...
93.87
0.40
0.40
1.34
RelCM 1 ' 16 680.00 288.00 273.59 ? 27173I 0 .D020481
3 46 251.11 128.42 0.35 0497 1.29
_"' .
_ ' "_
_
'
ReeChf - 14 170.00 287.10 270.57 270.81 0.002355 i 2.58 50.45 27.21 0.33 0.25 0.85
qeacht 14 320400 267J0 271.81 271.98 0.002875 3.46 9258 37.86 0.39 0.41 1.42
RBaCh 1 14 440.00 287.10 272.35 272.SB 0. 3.85
.. t 74.00 42.31 0.01 0.68 1.89
Heedh1 .,.' 44.... 680.00 287.10 277.15 273.46 0.003393 a.52 t51.50 52.37 0444 0.89 2.89

Raech 1 . 13 130.00 287.00 270406 270.27 0.005886
.- 3.70
._ '. _ . 35.08
- 22.68 0.52 0.54 2.02
FieeCh 1 13 320.00 281.00 271122 271.58 0.006527 i 4.82 66.12 31.38 O.SB O.B3 199
qaadt4 13 040.00 287.00 271.68 272.73 0.007156 1 5.38 81.79 35.11 0.82 1.00 5.38
R9lCh f 13 880.00 267.00 272.30 272.86 0.0081 t0 _. ., 8.5 100.93 40.82 0.88 1.38 8.99

Reub 1 - 12 130.00 268.30 289.B0 269.96 1.98
.... 66639 30.88 026 0.15 0.29
Reach 1 : 12 320.00 288.30 271.10 27121 ff 2.66 120652 51.81 0.30 0.24 0.84
Reach t 12 410.00 288.30 271.59 271.73 9A9 147.05 58.47 0.31 0.30 0.90
Reath t 12 680.00 266.30 272.24 272.46 .
1.77 19828 87.89 0.35 0.43 1.82
.
Reechl T1 130.00 288.00 289.81 269,85 O.OOW60 7
1 1 .59
....
81.e1
48.90
0.22
0.10
0.16'
Re2C1f1 - 11 920.00 286.00 471.00 27/.07 0.001133 214
-...'-_ 149.59 69.23 0425 0.18 0.34i
RBechi 11 440400 288.00 271.49 271.58 0.001110 2.41 189.36 86.56 025 0.19 0A5
.
KteBt{i t 11 680.00 288.00 272.15 272.27 0.001200 2.89 264.54 125.43 027 025
'.
RBeCh 1".. 10 130.00 268.10 288.74 2?.77 0.000589 .- 1.33 97.47 53.54 0.17 0.07
Reach t' 10 ' 320.00 288.10 270.81 270.9e 0.000867 1.01 177.22 82.77 0.22 0.11 0
R86ch i?,.,:. 10 440.00 268.70 271.39 271.45 0.000962 2.00 219.55 84.88 023 0.14

ReeCh f .
10..
BBO.W
286.10
272405
272.14
0.001010
2.39
287.77
112.27
0.25
0.18 0.43
...
R60Ch1. ? 9 130.00 265.80 289.68 268.71 0.000450 1.20
_ 102.55 55.08 0.15 0.08 0.08
!1.?.:: D 920.OD 285.00 270.83 270.88 0.000666 7.91 182.39 83.54 0.20 0.12 0.22
'
'
1 ,?i , 4" 410.00 285.80 27129 271.38 0.000755 2.21 222.69 90.57 021 OJS 0.33
HBACA t, '-." 9. 880.00 265.80 271.97 272.04 0.000983 2.77 297.93 148.33 025 0.23 O.G:f

R6eClll 8 130.00 284.70 288.82 269.88 0.000578 1.67 82.57 dd27 0.17 0.09 0.15
Raech.t. 0.... 320.00 284.70 270.73 270.81 0.0009Y2 2.55 t 71.32 118.41 023 0.20 0.50
R6BCh.t BS 440.00 284J0 271.19 271.28 0.000993 2.85 233.13 155.89 0.24 0.24 0.87
RHr111 8' 880.00 284.70 271.83 271.95 0.001150 3.37 348.83 228.15 0.27 0.71 1.08

FjGeCEI 1-; 7 130.00 285.80 289.38 268.10 269.53 0.002948 7.08 43.83 28.81 0.37 0.35 1.07
Re9Ch 1.> 7 320.00 265.80 270.26 287.33 270.58 0.005179 4.74 81611 54.75 0.51 0.78 3.87
Reach 1. .:! 7. 410.00 265.80 270.84 269.98 271.02 0.005975 5.35 103,47 85.59 0.58 0.95 5.07
ReaCh f, ?,:? Y 880.00 285.80 27120 270.71 271.65 0.006887 8.09 153,87 130.84 0.61 120 72B

(aYeCH t.; i! B 130.00 267.00 288.50 288.50 288.80 0.023548 5.16 32.07 48.49 0.96 1.28 8.52
Reacht I 6 320.00 287.00 288.02 288.02 269.47 0.026179 8.27 82.80 88.82 1.05 1J4 10.91
R06Ch4' ?.
p 8. /d0.00 287.00 269.23 269.23 269.76 0.027250 6.81 77.23 70.01 1.09 1.89 17.58
qaaChi .?? 9 680.00 287.00 269.82 289.62 270.29 OA26347 7.43 105.73 78.82 1.10 2.25 18.69

Reecht ?;
S
130.00
289.00
288.25
266.41
0.005249
7.22
42.47
35.71
0.49
0.43
1.39
faBaCh 4' 5
320.00
284.00
267.54
267.72
0.003452
3.50
89.04
52.11
0.42
0.44
1.53
Raeeh 1 .. S 440.00 264.00 288.09 26829 0.003244 9.89 129.57 59.68 0.42 0.47 1.73
R9BCh.1 . 5 . .. 680.00 261.00 268.88 269.12 0.007322 0.16 18145 7829 0.44 0.56 2.33

RilCh 1 4 130.00 263.20 265.97 288408 0.002412 2.70 50.71 34.99 0.34 0.27 0.73
RYBCFII 4'? 320.00 263.20 267.30 267.45 0.002352 3.29 117.71 87.53 0.35 0638 1.19
RaeCb f ' d 440.00 287.20 287.87 268.03 0.002285 3.42 180.04 82J2 0.35 0.38 1.30
qeaChl . 4 BBU.00 26320 288.70 268485 0.002171 3.58 242.32 111.74 0.34 0.40 1.44

Raach 1".. 3 130.00 262.30 2e574 285.09 265.00 0.007509 4.07 31.95 2072 0.58 0.87 2.71
Re2Ch 1: :'. 3 320.00 282.30 288.88 268.21 287.35 0.007508 5.03 89.68 30.47 0.61 0.91 4.59
Raeah1 ..' 3 440.00 262.30 287.48 266.87 267.92 0.007500 5.49 82.27 44.29 0.63 1.05 5.74
(?bech 1...:.. 3 880.00 262.30 268.17 267.48 268.74 0.007500 8.21 12016 8823 0.85 126 7.80
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
IFC-RAS Plsn- LBC PC RNer. LIMe Beaver Cr Reeth: Reach I
podri.r?. .iiNwBtac ;OToW - MIeCN.Et' .W.S':Eiev GitW:S.. :E.G,Elev Ve1ChN, fkwA?a;; ehm'r,.ahen' PowbcChan
m t . ..
q0ech:1 50 OB.00 290.00 292.Yt 292.J2 I 2.88 18.92 2328 0'43 0.31 0 .B3
.

Rascht.'.
96 110.00 290.00 29281 __
293 02! 0005991
.
.. 1 3.85 36.12 31.87 0.51 0.59 .
2.32,
... ....--
RaeCh1'? Bb 183.00 290.00 299.02 293?2'.
0.OO6S10 0.69 43.13 33.80 0.58 0,80
3]4?
FaeCh1 252.00 290.00 293_?5 293B01 0.008424 _
' 5.88 54.83 37.04 0.87 1.t8 6.99i
.
. ..._'_... .t ._ . __ .._..'_" __ .
t .. 6?
p06ah1 ;: 4Y .•-?•? 118.00 289.60 29209 _
... 292.? _ 0.010812 '_' 4.77 32.80 49.89 0.70 0.9 _<_4
,.
Radcht .?' 49 167.00 289.60 292.27 i
-- . 2920,009749
-.... _ 502 65.71 57.08 0.68 0.97 4.89
Raechi,, . ?0 252.00 289.60 292.66 292.97? 0008440
j 5638 70.00 88.98 0.6e 1.00 _ 555
F?'t .'. +19. 1 8,00 288.60 29109 .. 90.95
2791
29.35 0.009075
316
_ 0,48
15.4
34.85 42.700
0.55
0.85
0
0.85 . .._'762
R9ACtit ". 48 183.00 268.80 291.27 291.16 _
281.801 0.010211 5,14 42.02 43.88 0.70 1.02 524i
-

Readli
48
252.00
288.80
291.80
291 .46
292.021 0010866
5.97
57.20
47.47
OJa
1.30 ,
?77
_. .i ,._
......... .. _„ ?
_.__'_-'__
qeaah;-
RaaCA 1?
RalCh 4'::
RBeC111 I q i
47
47
47 48.00
118.00
163.00
252.00 287.30
187.30
287.30
287.30 288.94
289.89
289.94
29027 280.94
289.69
289.94
29027 289_r391 0.028453
_ 009 0.014220
290.35+ 0.012047
-- 290J3i 0.012289 4.99
5.35
5.80
627 9b2
27.08
39.73
58438 12.98
02,54
54.21
88.95 1.02
0.80
0.77
078 1.26
1.18
1.22
1.44 630
v 6.90
6.85?
9051

q9ikh{ 's qg 48.00 288.80 288.96 4 28696? 0.000080 0.36 148.16 152.14 0.08 0.01 0.00
RClf?11 ' 46 118.00 288.80 289.42 + 289.104. 0.000169 0.65 222.24 188.48 0.08 0.02 _ 0.01 ?
ReYChi S: 49 • 16:l.00 288.80 289.84 _. 289.8; 0000212 _
0.79 259.34 173.38 0.10 092 0021
Reacht `..'. 48 252.00 288.80 290.01 _ __2? 0.000277 1A2 327.48 208.88 0.12 0.04 0:o4,1
qgqcht t:
A66CM [ ,? 45
45 48.00
118.00 288.70
288.70 288.84
289.32 28893
289.38 0.004106
0.002667 2.53
2.57 28.21
77.38 97.19
107.20 0.42
0.35 0.28
026 071
0.67
183.00 288.70 289.53 289.60 0.002500 2.70 100.33 117.45 0.35 0.27 074
RsBCh f'!' 15 S 8:' ?? 252.00 288.70 289.88 289.95 0.002336 2.82 138.83 118.41 0.35 0.30 O.B9
'---'
fl6ech i? 44 49.00 288.10 297.94 288 .18
? 0.013440 3.88 12.37 13.78 0.72 0.72 2.78
RaeCh1 44, 118.00 288.10 268.45 2e8.45 288.80 0.013697 5.12 30.54 48.87 0.77 1.09 5.58
qBebh 1' 183.00 288.10 280.85 288.85 299.00 0.013185 538 41.22 58.43 OJB 1.22 6.80
R6dCh i,'1. 44, 1 252.00 288.10 288.82 288.92 289A0 0.014519 8.47 57.33 84.84 0.84 1.58 ^ 1020
S ,kt:iit.
qalpt y Y i9 K 48,00 285.20 287.07 286.81 287.28 0.010858 3.81 1328 13.95 0.85 0.61 2.21
FtiaiCh 1 `t AJ 118.00 285.20 287.53 287.59 287J8 0.010675 4.56 39.79 e0.39 0.89 O8B6 3.94
?....'k...-• 163.00 285.20 287.87 287.87 287.85 0.011495 5.08 5129 84.72 0.72 1.03 5.20
43 252.00 285.20 287.87 287.87 2B812 0.013388 5.93 8870 80.08 0.80 1435 B.04

42 .18.00 284.20 285.S8 285.45 28573 0.018553 3.27 15.59 25.94 OJB 0.60 1097
ROaCtt t F:' ?42 r e'!'?: 118.00 28420 288.18 28586 288.37 0.013591 4.13 32.89 38.05 0J4 0.79 127
plfedl 42 183.00 284.20 288.42 208.56 0.009985 4.12 58.80 114.82 0,85 0.73 3.01
fl?Otlt'?I 42 252.00 284.20 286.84 286.95 O.OOS320 3.88 110.58 130.50 0.50 0.52 1.91

q?9ch} ,,' 41 48.00 283.00 285.05 285J0 0.003225 2.11 28.21 39.07 0.38 0.20 0.43
RGlCA 1: s? 41 118.00 283.00 285.67 285.77 0.003438 2.98 55.14 54.17 0.40 0.34 1.02
HaeCh 1' 41 ? ". 189.00 263.00 285.87 288.08 0.003290 324 72.09 60.97 0.41 0.39 1.25
Rs9Ch 1?:?. 41 ? Ir...'.. 252.00 283.00 288.47 288.59 0.002967 3.58 106A2 74.87 0.40 0.44 1458

RGloh.1.?.!; 40 . 85.00 282J0 284.81 284.83 0.001151 1.39 74.21 88.53 0.22 0.08 0.12
208.00 202J0 285.49 285.53 0.001892 2.18 131.55 105,e4 0.28 0.18 0.39
qeaoh t 10 288.00 282.70 285.70 205.03 0.001805 2.49 183.48 113.73 0.90 022 0.58
R64Ch1 442.00 202.70 288.29 286.75 0.001799 2488 224A8 128.05 0.3t 028 0.80

85.00 282.00 284.47 284.54 0.005288 3.24 39.69 9820 0.48 0.43 1.40
p9lCht >', 39 208.00 282.00 285.05 285.14 0.003018 3.18 110.28 118,57 0.39 0136 1.14
Raedii ?- 39 288.00 281.00 285.41 285.49 0.002219 3.02 153.31 120.91 0.35 0.31 0.95
ROeCh 4": 331 4M12.00 282.00 285.97 286.05 0.001732 3.07 222.53 124.37 0.32 0.30 0.93

ROPth 1 .?. 38 . 85.00 281.50 284.10 284.18 0,002739 2.50 58.15 126,49 0.38 025 0,82
flY9Ch 1.?' 38 208.00 281.50 294.97 28418 0.001024 2.04 172.10 154.90 0.23 0.14 0.29
Rbtltlf 1iY. 38 288.00 281.50 285.32 285.35 0.000818 2.01 238.38 175.08 021 0.19 027
qych };. 38 442.00 281.50 285,90 285.93 0.000701 2.12 347.28 205.41 0420 014 0.29
,
Reech.t .. ?. 97 85.00 281.20 287.12 283.12 283.82 0.025457 5.88 14.97 15.29 1.01 1.49 8.46
F98d1 f 31 208.00 20120 284A2 294.02 284.69 0.015571 8.73 35.09 32.05 0.88 170 11.44
Reah 1 ' 37 288.00 201.20 284.41 284.41 285.11 0.013396 7.10 48.e6 38.86 0.84 1.77 12.59
q9ich 1:'.:: 442.00 281.20 285.04 285.04 285.73 0.010565 7.44 8270 78J8 OJB 1.79 1133

q6YCh i I 36 85.00 280.50 282.55 282.58 0.001215 731 68.61 58.14 0.22 0.08 0.10
Reeah 1 38 208.00 280.50 283.30 283.35 0.001555 2.08 121.61 83.60 0.18 0.18 0.34
RBlCh t :' 36 ? 288.00 280.50 283.83 289.6e 0.001710 2.44 150.47 93.99 0.30 021 0.52
Raeeh t ,I 38 442.00 280.50 284.09 284.10 0.002019 3.03 186.32 102.97 0.33 0.31 0.93

Re9th1 35 85.00 280.00 282.43 282.48 0.001962 7.95 51.91 46.84 0.30 0.18 0.31
ROiCh 1 '. 35 208.00 280.00 289.12 283.22 0.002779 3.05 82.85 71.72 0.38 0.34 1.03
Raech 4._ .:' 75 ,. '. 288.00 280.00 287.41 283.53 0.003239 3.60 115.23 85.28 0.42 0.45 1.62
qsadi t ?. 35 142.00 280.00 283.82 284.00 0.003889 4.40 154.84 104.74 0.47 0.64 2.80

qeatFll '. 34 85.00 280.00 282.00 282.13 0.007828 327 3214 40,13 0.57 0.49 1.59
RaeCh 1 '. 54 . 208.00 280.00 282.58 282.24 282.77 0.008741 4.48 84.34 75.73 0.84 0.79 3.54
qsaCtf 1...i 34 288.00 280.00 282.80 282.48 283.04 0.008828 4.93 83.97 90.11 0.88 0.93 4.57
AYSd11 '.- 34 442.00 280.00 280.15 282.01 283.45 0.008989 5.64 120.08 108.74 0.88 1.14 8.40

Reed11 93 85.00 279.80 291A2 281.06 281.49 0.007137 2.40 41.38 81.04 0.51 0.30 0.71
Reecff 1.', 33 208.00 279.80 281.92 281.98 282.05 0.008339 3.44 78.07 79.84 0.59 0.53 1.83
I
I
, .:..p??urn ...?.qluiri?pu ; ?.Q7ri1eC?'?.4fAn?t3iFk.'MW3:.EINr ..CrNW3 ?...EG.:EWv ? ??E:6.SWea .??LaiCh3 !:?.k1oWMai, :J7LOWidlh. 9hs9rGTan FPo.eY:Cheii.?..l
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

p9ibA Y°?, ? 288.00 279.80 282.74 281641 28229 0.00080t 3.94 84.41 91.37 0.62 0.66 2.67
p0icht'?'. 33
F" 442.00 279.80 2B2.4B __28 28268_ '. _0_0009d0 4.86
_ ? 128.62 f08.1B 0.85 0.85 3,98

` .. ._ . .. _ __
.
?
fiNCh t 82 '- ' ?.? 278.60 279.90 '_ ._..__ '__ -
279 79 2BO i i ? 00243543.48 23.41 3870 0.89 071 2.a5
_
_
HBecA t. r 32 .•."?. .. . 208.00 278.80 280.52 . __
... .280 76LL 00157561 4A2 59.33 85.84 0.79 0.91 ._
4.01
Reich 1:. . 288.00 278.80 280.79 281 04 . 0.013804
.
. ? 4.67 72.04 72.43 0.76 0.95 4,44
RB9tM 4: 32 442.OD 278.60 281.2t .281.a9a.
..._0.012249
_
_ ? _ S.aO 108.65 88.97 0.76 1.15 _6.22
-
a
-? -?
ROlCA t... 31 85.00 2T7.10 279.41 279 <6 O.o0280 2.11
"- 52.87 59.33 0.33 0.19 0.40
Roeeh1 ! 31 208.00 277.10 28011 28018?
0.00251J 2.80 109.31 110.98 0.35 0.29 _ 001
_.-
R9rth.1 I 31 :'. 288.W 277J0 280.43 _
: 2805), 0002310 _
1 2.97 149130 150.69 0.35 0.91 092

RoeCh.t. , .,
01. ,, .... z
-
44 2.00
277.10
281.01 ?-.._.' '_..
281 07'. 0.007620
+
_ _
2.90
257.52
198.16
0.30
0.27
0.79
_._'_.._.__.'
.-_ .
._.._ ..
....? -._
qaeeh t, 30 85.00 278.90 279.08
27821 0.006532
3.24
32J8
53.42
0.53
0.46

?AB
1
---
Roa(x11 :. 30 208.00 278.80 279.81 . 279.98L 0.0O4709 3.82 88.74 93.61 0.49 0.54 2.06
.
Fa9eh1 288.00 278.80 280422 _ 280.331 0.003188
"
__ 3.58 124.88 97.76 0.41 0.44 IJ56.
R49bh.4 9 36 , ?,r'^ - 442.00 270.80 280.83 T
5 0.002340
?
.
280.8 3.57 187.33 104.84 0.37 0d1 1.46'
_..
.
'.___._..-?._
?
ROaCh 1 ..I 85.00 278J0 278.82 276.85 ...
0.002062 177 80.02 82463 029 0J4 025
HMdlt : 2D 208.00 278J0 278.82
-? _T79-871 00007692 2.30 128.00 103J0 029 0J9 0.95.
ROeCMi ':. 20.
.' .. 288.00 278.70 280.08 I 28012j 0.001340 2.35 178.67 114.31 0.27 0.19 0.45

qesCht
441.00
278.70
280J2 .--__.. . _...___... ..'_
0001130 _'_
2.54
256J9
128.21
0.26
020 _...._
0.52
.
.
- .
Reech 1! 28 85
00 278
20 277
97 277 e7 .
.
278 0
026631 5
32 17J4 41
22 1
01 1.37 727
Reid?'4? = 29 . .
208.00 .
278.20 .
278.98 -
78.33 .
0.010395 .
5.93 49.82 .
48.94 .
0.77 tA6 5
Ra1Ch t' RB ?. ,: 286.00 278.20 278.85 279.89 0.005288 4.71 82.40 99.93 0.53 076 3.58
qpgCh 1' . 2? ? ?' ? 442.00 278.20 280.51 28063 0.002356 3.85 214.82 172,94 0.38 0.48 1.77
Rwah s?,
RMCF11 '. s7
27. 85.00
208.00 274.70
274.70 277.91
279.18 277 92
279.17 ' 0.000326
0.000215 1.08
1.19 121.58
280425 104.88
181.68 0.73
0611 0404
0.04 _ 0.04
0.05
RMCII I' 288.00 27470 27976
-- 27977 0.000190 1.25 399.08 204.20 0.11 0.04 0.06
RNIG,1 k..: 2T 442.00 274.70 280.54 - 280.56 0.000174 1.34 574.27 235.09 0.11 0.05 0.07

pae6h 1?;: 29 130.00 274.70 277.48
--' 27778
- 0.007274 4.46 32.39 30.87 0.59 0.78 3.38
R9lCk ??'' '16 :*:,k 320.00 271.70 278.88 178008 0.003007 4424 121.28 100.84 0.42 0.58 2.39
flMC}Ii ?. 2?,? -??` 440.00 274J0 27B.SB 278J0 0.001800 3J5 212.80 148.18 0.31 0.41 1.54
Rtl6Ch f?h?" 26 : w 880.00 274.70 280.40 280.50 0.001295 3.82 342.68 172.10 0.30 0.38 1.30

130.00 274.20 277.44 277,62 0.003533 3.47 38.55 23.22 0.62 0.43 1.51
HwZli,t.:'.. 320.OD 274.20 278.58 278.97 0.004094 SJD 71.87 36.31 0.51 0.84 4.35
i: 440.00 274.20 279.14 279.60 0.000477 5.82 94.59 51.40 0.53 1.00 5.82
fiNd11 : 25 690.00 274.20 279.88 280.40 0.004851 8.88 183.99 133.17 0.55 124 826

130.00 279.80 27728 277.35 0.001845 2.41 68.89 4L6.25 0.30 0.21 0.52
320.00 273.90 278.53 278.85 0.001823 3.14 132.87 58.98 0.31 0431 0.97
410.00 273.00 278.10 27925 0.001784 3.88 188.25 78.01 0.39 0.40 1.47
880.00 279.80 279.77 280.00 0.002392 4.73 245.84 10.7.88 0.39 0.88 2.87
? ;-
RMC?f 1':' YJ 130.00 273180 277.10 277.18 0.001897 2.41 65.34 45.17 0131 0.22 0.52
320.00 273.80 278438 278.50 0.001863 3.17 155.32 107.23 0.31 0.31 1.00
q9edh? :. 23., I+ 44U.00 273.80 278.00 278.10 0.001282 3.13 229.59 134.27 0.28 0.29 0.91
6W.00 273.80 279.89 279.80 0.001293 3.52 333.18 168.27 0.29 0.94 121

fl6MCh 1" ? ?2 ''' 130.00 273.70 278.06 278.08 278,88 0.024043 6.24 20.84 17.71 1.01 1.69 10.55
RN6..t 23 . 320.00 273.70 277.05 277.05 278.02 0.019643 7.87 40.87 22.18 0.89 2.28 17.94
Ho9ch;l =... 72... !'. 440 .00 27370 277.53 277.53 278.89 0.017726 8.85 51.88 26.85 0.98 2.56 22.15
ROiah 1'?:: i 'L2 ? BBD.00 273J0 278.82 278.82 278.49 0.006900 7.21 144.85 129.01 0.66 1.54 11.74

pehCA l - 212 , 130.00 27220 274.28 274.a0 04008820 3.16 47.18 93.88 0.58 0.47 1 .49
AaeCh V Q1 320.00 272.20 295.95 275.41 0.003645 2.84 140.71 106.22 0.41 0.32 0.92
RaI1Cl1't.- 27 ?I 440.00 27220 275.82 275690 01002866 2.47 183.77 121.13 0.38 0.25 0.61
Ra6Ch 1' 600.00 272.20 276.53 276.61 0.002209 2.55 287.80 140.35 0.33 0124 0.62

qesCh 1%? 20 130.00 270.40 27J.JJ 272J6 273.58 0.007213 4.02 32.35 21.30 0.57 0.85 2.60
R64ah 1. 20 320.00 270.40 274.57 273J8 274.88 0.008743 5.62 57.88 37J5 0.67 7.12 8.31
RaaCh t! 20 440.00 270.40 274.84 27625 275.40 0.008158 6.12 80.12 53.48 0.87 1.28 7.69
q9tlCA 1.: 20 BB0.00 270.40 275.44 275.14 276.16 0.008430 7.74 115.68 84.15 0.70 1.60 11.40

R6lth 1:?? .^. 19 130.00 269.20 271.72 272.2t 0.017008 5.65 23.00 17.32 0.88 1.34 7.56
Raeeh 1 - 19 320.00 288.20 279.19 27372 0.008945 5.95 58.43 34.42 0.68 1.23 7.31
Roeth 1 ' 1g 440.00 28fl.20 273.77 274.34 0.00824d 6.20 83.55 58.87 0.66 1.31 8.20
e80.00 288.20 274.64 275.24 0.005040 5.71 164.04 111.97 0.53 1.00 5.72

RMCh 1 .? 18 730.00 287.70 271.81 271.69 0.001598 227 5721 28.71 028 0.19 0.43
RWChI,.-. 18.., .".:' 320400 287.70 273.08 27321 0.001952 2.88 111.08 45.73 0.33 0.28 0.82
qoedit . 16 440.00 287.70 279.69 273.85 0,001884 3.15 139.81 48J8 0.33 0.32 1.01
ReaCH b? 18 880.00 287J0 274.88 274.88 0.001778 3.58 19225 57.32 0.33 0.38 1.35

Rektl f I' 17 130.00 287.40 271.47 271.56 0.007384 2.32 58.07 23.81 027 0.18 0.43
RMChi .'. 1T . 320100 287.40 272.83 273.02 0.002100 3.48 92.07 29.20 0.34 0.38 1.33
Ralttl t'.: t7 . 440.00 287.40 273.39 273.64 0.002510 4.04 108.87 31.39 0.38 0.50 2.03
Raech1;l 17 ' 680.00 267.40 274.27 274.65 0.003135 4.92 138.14 34190 0.44 0.71
3.51

RWCh1 18 130.00 287.30 271.42 271.67 0.000743 1.84 95.51 73.34 020 0.11 O.Y1
R00Cfi i:''_..... 16.. `-?- ''- 320.00 287.30 272.85 272.90 O.ODO5fl8 2.21 247.82 184.01 OJB OA4 0.31
Reech1 :'.'. 18 410.00 287.30 277.48 T73.50 0.000476 2.18 355.25 782.18 0.18 0.13 028
R99Ch 1 I. 18 . 680.00 287.30 274.44 274.48 0.000385 2J5 541.82 189.92 0.18 0.12 028
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
11
I
I
I
I
q'oa8r iiNk;BU =:.RTOIaf WCfi 'W.9:Ekv ,S
..GIt.W.
Ea:Ewv
E(i:'stap?

Vd Chiil
;Kbwdrwl,.
..'[WWtk
.?:?'rouiW,WCtil'?;i
.°8hiwr.Chen°
Pnwa?;Cfwn'

,, t?i -ML_ 'pvn) "OVa . . ( ,?
?, .
n lrortc st
: ?. ,
.. e,..,.
. . .
.
.
y
.
? ,
-- '
--. ..._?
RNCl11 -: t5 : 130.00 267.10 ..._
_
. . _
.
.__ _
_
271.32 _271 39 +
I 0.007151
? 2.18 59.87 24.48 0.25 0.16 _ 036'
f7WC?f1': i{ 320.00 267.10 272.83
27266,
_ ....
. _. 0.001678 3.29 104.33 51J8 0,31 0.33 109:
,_. ._..-a
RNOh Y5i 440.00 267.10 _..
...
.
273 22 273 49 O ooi 786 3.79 137.28 66.38 0.33 0.41 ?.52
_
RBlCA.1??? 88000 267.10 276t7i 4.20 216.36 f07.89 0.39 0.48 _.
'__2".02
"

R08Ck, i :? 4?1,? 130.00 287.W 71iB 27i 28 OOOt073 2J7 82.JG 3225 024
p?lCht" 320.00 267.00 27248 272.64 O.OOtd19 329 711.28 0.7.20 0.30 0.32 t.05!
Atlildl) : W 440.00 287.00 27309' 23 0.001610 3.82 135J0 47.37 0.32 O.dt I?
fleech 1 b80.00 267.00 273 91 27a20 0001B59 1.84 IBO]5 55.01 0.38 0.51 2 88'?
+
RNehT 170.00 288.00 27071?: '--?- 271.00 0.007114 3.87 33.59 23.38 0.57 0.61 2361
-?---
RWCtf 1..:: 13 320.00 288.00 272.23 272A1 0009205 376 113.77 98.67 0.42 0.48 . 8
RMCfIt^ 3 5', 440.00 268.00 272.88 i 273.02 0.001915 3.38 161.18 105.78 0.33 036 1121
qe?Eh1 , {3 '• .. 880.00 280.00 273.88 273.98 0.001245 3.27 295J7 125.84 0.18 0.31 1.00
? _?..
--
.
RlWh }*- tQ ? • 130.00 287.50 270.42 270.57 0.007722 3.09 42.10 24.84 0.42 017 _ 1.14

FiMch 4,;?
pWCh 1::
12
12 '
320.00
440.00
287.50
287.50
271.91
272.58 '-
272.13
--? 272.81
.. ..?
0.009748
0.003123
3.69
3.88
88.83
118A2
39.32
41.34
0.44
0.41
0.48
0.50
_ 1.791
195
RNf31.t t' 72 680.00 287.50 273.51 27181 _ 0.002999 4.42 158.82 83.09 0.42 040 _ 2_65
r „ _
I
130.00 288,70 --
269.BB [ . 27010 0.004952 370 35.18 19.19 0.48 0.52 1.92?

RilC? 1':
?.7
320.00
268.70
277 22 ...._.. _ .._
271.62
0.005825
5.09
82.89
22.88
0.54
0.87
4.011
R 9?.i 11 ? 44U.00 268.70 271.83 272.33 0.005787 5.68 78.83 33.18 0.58 1.03 5.89
-
pBirOh t: 11 ??... 680.00 288J0 272.84 271 69 ._273.37 0.008481 6.71 111.25 44.36 0.81 1.36 9.11i
-
I
-- ?
R9lCff 1J? i0 , 130.00 268.40 289.42 r 289.84 0.005479 3.82 34.06 78.77 0.50 0.58 2.14
Rliidil 40 320.00 288.40 270.54 271.04
"" 0.007820 5.87 58.48 21.13 0.81 1.10 823
RwC11.Y.`.?.... itl 'uv 440.00 286.90 271.05 - 271 71
-
-?-- 0.008223 6.59 88J8 37.61 0.85 138 9.04
RNCIit 70 680.00 286.40 271.95 27270 0.007215 7.29 113.41 SB.DO 0.83 1.58 11.28

ROM[71 130.00 268.00 269.13 26824 0.002812 2.63 52.09 38.35 0.36 027 0.70
q011d51 ;c' b t>I:r'.?: 720.00 268.00 270.42 270.58 0.001948 3.32 112.02 54.57 0.34 0.35 1.17
Ri?d11-`.i Y 440.00 268.00 271.06 277.23 0.001734 3.57 150,76 B0,0fl 0.33 0,38 1.75
R9i1CM1'?I 0,a?. 880.00 288.00 272.07
- 272.24
- 0.001420 3.81 253.54 117.58 0.31 0.40 1.51
... ? i E . _
NWChtl' 130.00 285.70 288.81 2se.ee 0.008987 4.05 32A2 20.29 0.57 0.65 2.&3
320.00 285.70 289.75 270.24 0.007791 5.81 57.05 23.35 0.63 1.09 8.10
RfQCW4:.,''?° 640.00 285.70 270.28 270.119 0.008251 8.31 8978 24.77 0.88 1.32 8.30
R?iLtI,Y!:': 880.00 285J0 271.09 27192 0.008254 7.40 99.88 57.77 0.89 1.87 12439

ANOht d} 7 l! 130.00 285.40 268.43 288.47 0.001318 2.00 81.23 53.54 028 0.15 0.30
AMCIf , 320.00 285.10 269.73 289.81 0.001134 2.84 180.77 98.17 0.26 0.22 0.57
7..'* ?.?!i."•..'.: . 440.00 285.40 270.33 270.62 0.001140 2.98 205.18 87.88 0.27 0.26 0.78
V,jlp. V 6W.00 285.40 271.29 271.40 0.001121 3.41 297.03 108.13 028 0.32 1.08

130.00 285.00 288.18 288.29 0.003132 2.89 48.98 33.44 0.39 034 1.01
qNCt15 .. 6 d? ?? , 320.00 285.00 289.44 269.65 0.002587 3.88 89.04 47,86 0.38 0.47 1.81
R t--l 6 M1;; 440.00 265.00 270.01 27028 0.002584 1.31 128.81 84.34 0.40 0.55 2.38
880.00 285.00 271.01 271.25 0.002099 1.57 215.14 114.59 0.87 0.58 2.83

qpYGh t.: S 130400 284.80 287.85 286.82 287.85 0.004948 3.84 3578 20.87 0.48 0.51 1.85
R6eCh f+ 5 I 320.00 284.80 280.77 267,86 269.22 0.005599 5.39 8128 24.47 0.58 0.94 5.09
Ra?Ch i" 4 440.00 264.80 289.10 268.36 269.77 0.007345 8.83 89.52 28.84 0.85 1.38 9.13
qad5 L:I ¢ i 680.00 264.80 289.55 269.27 270.71 0.010875 8.80 85.58 42435 O1B1 4.37 20.48

ROl?A 1-9 d i-; 130.00 284.00 26633 268.33 286.85 0.024035 8.34 20.51 18.88 1.01 173 10.98
flMCh 1. '.. _.. 4..a ,.; 320.00 284.00 267.42 287.12 268.34 0.017106 7.74 43.40 31.28 0.93 2.15 18.80
RtllCh 1 4 440.00 284.00 268.04 288.04 288.89 0.012094 7.71 88.80 49.90 0.82 1.98 15.08
RasCh 1? 4 ':',! 680.00 264.00 268J8 288J8 269.66 0.010278 8.31 111.84 68.38 0.78 2.10 17.48

Raech 1* 130.00 283•30 266.08 266.15 O.OD2479 2.48 85.58 51.50 0.34 0.24 0.80
H6eC? 1:?. 3 S. i?'. 920.00 263.90 267.24 267.34 0.002062 3.22 138.18 71.06 0.34 0.34 1.09
qaetht 3 440.00 263.30 267.78 267.91 0.001918 3.50 177.90 8042 0.34 0.38 1.72
R9eCh 1 3 880.00 26130 268.68 268.82 0.001788 3.95 257.82 101.17 0.94 0.44 135

qmeh.1 .f... _ 2..... 130.00 262.60 285.46 284.87 265J0 0.007500 3.97 3278 23.88 0.59 0.84 2.55
R??ii'.... 2' 320.00 262.60 288.44 285,88 268.92 0.007502 5.83 60.55 32.83 0.64 1.08 8.11
RBeCb 1.? 2. 440.00 282.60 288.90 298.34 267A8 0.007514 6.33 76.35 35.81 0
7 1.29 820
ReeGit?: 2 680.00 282.80 267.64 267.10 26e.41 00O750B 7.37 10821 53.18 0
.1 .&3 1.99
I