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Pond Sediment Assessment
Former Dicey Mills Facility
430 Neisler Street
Shelby, North Carolina H&H Job No. DCY-001 Table of Contents
Section Page No.
1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................1
1.1 General Site Information .......................................................................................................1
2.0 Pond Sediment Assessment ....................................................................................................3
2.1 Sampling Methodology .........................................................................................................3
2.2 Sediment Results ...................................................................................................................4
3.0 Summary and Recommendations ..........................................................................................7
List of Tables
Table 1 Summary of Pond Sediment Analytical Data
List of Figures
Figure 1 Site Location Map
Figure 2 Sample Location Map
List of Appendices
Appendix A Laboratory Analytical Reports
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Pond Sediment Assessment Former Dicey Mills Facility 430 Neisler Street Shelby, North Carolina
H&H Job No. DCY-001
1.0 Introduction
Hart & Hickman, PC (H&H) has prepared this Pond Sediment Assessment Report to document
the collection and analysis of sediment samples from five ponds at the former Dicey Mills facility
located at 430 Neisler St. in Shelby, Cleveland County, North Carolina (site or subject site). A
Site Location Map is provided as Figure 1. A brief summary of background information is
provided below, and the methods and results of the pond sediment assessment are provided in
Section 2.0.
1.1 General Site Information
The site consists of three parcels that total 23.893 acres and is developed with an approximately
160,000 sq ft manufacturing building, an approximately 4,000 sq ft storage building, four process
water ponds, one freshwater pond, and associated parking areas. Dicey Mills currently owns the
site, which is leased to Valdese Weavers for yarn manufacturing. A Site Plan is provided as
Figure 2.
The site was developed in the late 1950s with portions of the current building. The building was
expanded over time until the mid-1990s. From the late 1950s to the early 2000s, the site building
was utilized for yarn manufacturing, olefin filament yarn extrusion, and textile dyeing/printing
operations. The site was used for weaving, fabric finishing, and olefin filament yarn extrusion
from the early 2000s until March 2015. Since that time, the site has been used only for olefin
filament yarn extrusion and yarn production by Valdese Weavers. It is anticipated that Valdese
Weavers will be moving from the facility in the near future.
Five ponds are located in the southern and western portions of the site. The locations of the
ponds are indicated in Figure 2. The floor drains that collect wastewater connect to an outfall
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pipe to the south of the site building, which discharges into a series of ponds located south and
west of the building. The outfall pipe from the plant discharges to Pond #1, Pond #1 discharges
into Pond #2, Pond #2 discharges into Pond #4, and the discharge from Pond #4 enters the
municipal sewer system. An out of use process water pond (Pond #3) is also located south of the
site building that was historically utilized to store excess process water prior to discharge to the
sanitary sewer. At that time, the process water was routed from the discharge pipe to Pond #1,
Pond #2, Pond #3, Pond #4, and finally the sanitary sewer system. In addition, there is a
freshwater pond between Pond #3 and Pond #4 that is used to store freshwater from the adjacent
Broad River prior to use in plant operations. The ponds are unlined and currently contain
predominantly rainwater based on the small scale of current operations. The approximate areas
of the ponds are summarized below:
• Pond #1 – 2,600 sq ft (0.06 acre)
• Pond #2 - 1,300 sq ft (0.03 acre)
• Pond #3 – 1,600 sq ft (0.04 acre)
• Pond #4 – 35,000 sq ft (0.8 acre)
• freshwater – 11,000 sq ft (0.3 acre)
Because site operations are limited and the ponds are no longer needed to manage wastewater
prior to discharge to the sanitary sewer, the ponds will be closed out in the near future. To
evaluate the sediments in the ponds, H&H collected samples from each pond for laboratory
analysis. The methods and results of the pond sediment assessment is provided in the following
section.
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2.0 Pond Sediment Assessment
2.1 Sampling Methodology
H&H performed the pond sediment sampling on August 12 and 15, 2016. H&H collected six
sediment samples from the four process water ponds and the freshwater pond. The sediment
samples were collected utilizing a decontaminated stainless steel closed-cylinder hand auger. At
each pond except the larger Pond #4, one composite sediment sample was collected by
homogenizing five sample aliquots obtained from within the pond. Each aliquot was obtained
from the full thickness of the sediment layer observed at each location. The thickness of
sediment in each pond is variable, although a rough estimate of the average thickness is
summarized below:
• Pond #1 – 2 ft
• Pond #2 – 4 ft
• Pond #3 – 3 ft
• Pond #4 – 0.5 ft
• freshwater pond – 0.5 ft
The five aliquots from each pond were then homogenized in a decontaminated stainless steel
bowl for analysis of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) by EPA Method 8270 and the
Hazardous Substance List (HSL) metals plus hexavalent chromium by EPA Methods
6020/7471/7196. The HSL metals include antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc. In addition, to
minimize volatile loss, one of the sediment aliquots from each pond was collected as a grab
sample to be analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by EPA Method 8260. The
samples collected from Pond #1 was labeled SED-6, the samples collected from Pond #2 were
labeled SED-5, the samples from Pond #3 were labeled SED-4, and the samples from the
freshwater pond were labeled SED-3. The sediment sample locations are depicted on Figure 2.
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Because of its larger size, two composite sediment samples were collected from Pond #4. One
composite sample was collected from five aliquots from the effluent side of the pond (SED-1),
and one composite sample will be collected from five aliquots from the influent side of the pond
(SED-2). As noted above, the samples collected for VOC analysis were grab samples collected
near the influent and effluent locations in the pond.
The homogenized sample aliquots and grab samples were shipped under chain-of-custody
protocol to Con-Test Analytical Laboratory (Con-Test), a North Carolina certified laboratory for
analysis.
Additionally, H&H advanced two background soil borings from areas on the site that do not
appear to have been impacted by historical operations to evaluate site-specific background
concentrations of naturally occurring metals in soil for comparison to those detected in the pond
sediment samples. The background samples were collected from the southwestern portion of the
site. The locations of the background samples, labeled Background-1 and Background-2, are
indicated in Figure 2. The background samples were collected from shallow soil (0-2 ft) at each
location. The background samples were shipped to Con-Test for analysis of HSL metals plus
hexavalent chromium by EPA Methods 6020/7471/7196.
Please note that surface water samples were not collected because we understand that the water
in the ponds will be discharged to the sanitary sewer as part of future pond closure activities.
2.2 Sediment Results
The results of analysis of the sediment samples are summarized in Table 1, and the laboratory
analytical report is provided in Appendix A. Laboratory analytical results were compared to the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch
(IHSB) Protection of Groundwater, Residential, and Industrial Preliminary Soil Remediation
Goals (PSRGs) dated April 2016. Please note that the PSRGs are screening levels only.
Concentrations below the PSRGs generally indicate that further evaluation is not warranted.
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Concentrations above the PSRGs indicate that further evaluation may be warranted to determine
if additional action is needed. Metal concentrations were initially compared to the site-specific
soil background concentrations, regional background levels for North Carolina soils as published
in Elements in North American Soils by Dragun and Chekiri (2005), and North Carolina
background sediment concentrations as published in A Geochemical Atlas of North Carolina by
Reid (1991). Metals concentrations which exceeded the background concentrations were then
compared to the PSRGs.
VOCs
The results of the VOC analysis of the samples indicate that n-butylbenzene and 1,2,4-
trimethylbenzene were detected in sediment sample SED-2 (influent side of Pond #4) at
concentrations of 12 mg/kg and 7.7 mg/kg, respectively. These detections are below the
Residential and Industrial PSRGs, but exceed the Protection of Groundwater PSRGs of 2.4
mg/kg (n-butylbenzene) and 6.7 mg/kg (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene). Additionally, toluene was
detected in sediment sample SED-4 (Pond #3) at a concentration of 20 mg/kg. This detection is
below the Residential and Industrial PSRG, but exceeds the Protection of Groundwater PSRG of
5.5 mg/kg. No other VOCs were detected in the samples at concentrations exceeding PSRGs.
SVOCs
The results of the SVOC analysis of the samples indicate that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was
detected in sediment samples SED-2 (influent side of Pond #4) and SED-4 (Pond #3) at
concentrations of 14 mg/kg and 17 mg/kg, respectively. These detections are below the
Residential and Industrial PSRGs, but exceed the Protection of Groundwater PSRG of 7.2 mg/kg.
No other SVOCs were detected at concentrations exceeding PSRGs.
Metals
The results of the metals analysis of the samples indicate that antimony was detected above
background and the Protection of Groundwater and Residential PSRGs of 0.9 mg/kg and 6.2
mg/kg, respectively, in samples SED-1 (27 mg/kg), SED-2 (15 mg/kg), SED-3 (27 mg/kg), SED-
4 (180 mg/kg), and SED-6 (69 mg/kg). Of these detections, the antimony concentration in
sediment sample SED-4 (Pond #3) exceeds the Industrial PSRG of 94 mg/kg. Zinc was also
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detected in both Pond #4 samples at concentrations of 2,300 mg/kg (SED-1) and 1,800 mg/kg
(SED-2), which exceeds the Protection of Groundwater PSRG of 1,200 mg/kg, but is below the
Residential and Industrial PSRGs. No other metals were detected at concentrations significantly
exceeding background concentrations and/or PSRGs.
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3.0 Summary and Recommendations
The results of analysis of the pond sediment samples indicate that compounds were detected
above Protection of Groundwater PSRGs primarily in the samples from Pond #3 and Pond #4.
Compounds detected above PSRGs include n-butylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, bis(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate, antimony, and zinc. The antimony concentration also exceeded the
Industrial PSRG in the sample collected from Pond #3. The only compound detected above
Protection of Groundwater PSRGs in samples collected from Pond #1 and the Freshwater Pond
was antimony. No compounds were detected above PSRGs in the sample collected from Pond
#2.
As noted previously, the PSRGs are screening levels only. Concentrations above the PSRGs do
not indicate that remedial action is warranted, only that further evaluation is warranted to
determine if remedial action may be needed. Other than the antimony detection in Pond #3,
detected concentrations above PSRGs only exceeded the Protection of Groundwater PSRGs.
DEQ IHSB guidance allows the use of site-specific leachability tests to determine the site-
specific leaching potential of compounds in soil. Therefore, H&H recommends that site-specific
leach tests be performed on samples from the ponds except Pond #2. With regard to the
antimony detection above the Industrial PSRGs in Pond #3, H&H recommends that individual
samples be collected from locations in Pond #3 to determine if the elevated antimony detections
are associated with one area within the pond or are located throughout the pond sediment.
Table 1 (Page 1 of 1)
Summary of Pond Sediment Analytical Results
Dicey Mills
Shelby, North Carolina
H&H Job No. DCY-001
S:\AAA-Master Projects\Dicey Mills - DCY\Phase II ESA\Tables\Data Tables 2.xls10/13/2016
Table 1 (Page 1 of 1)
Hart & Hickman, PC
Location
Pond #4
(West)
Pond #4
(South)
Freshwater
Pond Pond #3 Pond #2 Pond #1
Sample ID Background-1 Background-2 SED-1 SED-2 SED-3 SED-4 SED-5 SED-6
Date 8/12/2016 8/12/2016 8/15/2016 8/15/2016 8/15/2016 8/15/2016 8/15/2016 8/15/2016
Depth (ft)Range Mean 95th Percentile 0-2 0-2
VOCs (8260) mg/kgn-Butylbenzene 2.4 108 108 ------NA NA <2.9 12 <0.20 0.33 <0.28 <0.12sec-Butylbenzene 2.2 145 145 ------NA NA <2.9 <3.8 <0.20 0.35 <0.28 <0.12Ethylbenzene8.1 5.8 25 ------NA NA <2.9 <3.8 <0.20 1.1 <0.28 <0.12Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)1.3 268 268 ------NA NA <2.9 <3.8 0.2 <0.29 <0.28 <0.12p-Isopropyltoluene (p-Cymene)0.68 NS NS ------NA NA <2.9 <3.8 <0.20 0.48 <0.28 <0.12n-Propylbenzene 1.5 264 264 ------NA NA <2.9 <3.8 0.53 0.38 <0.28 <0.12Toluene 5.5 818 818 ------NA NA <2.9 <3.8 <0.20 20 <0.28 <0.121,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 6.7 11.6 48 ------NA NA 3.2 7.7 2.4 2.6 <0.28 <0.121,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 6.7 156 182 ------NA NA <2.9 4.1 0.85 1.6 <0.28 <0.12m+p Xylene NS 110 388 ------NA NA <5.9 <7.5 <0.40 3.3 <0.56 <0.24o-Xylene NS 130 434 ------NA NA <2.9 <3.8 <0.20 1.4 <0.28 <0.12
SVOCs (8270) mg/kgBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 7.2 39 160 ------NA NA 4.5 14 0.39 J 17 3.0 1.1 J Butylbenzylphthalate 150 290 1,200 ------NA NA <2.8 <3.4 <0.68 <4.5 1.2 J <1.12-Methylnaphthalene 1.6 48 600 ------NA NA <1.4 <1.7 <0.34 1.2 J <1.1 <0.55
Metals (6020/7471/7196) mg/kgAntimony 0.9 6.2 94 <1.0 - 8.8*0.76 NS 0.062 J <3.4 27 15 27 180 0.25 J 69
Arsenic 5.8 0.68 3.0 1.0 - 18 4.8 8 4.2 5.2 1.5 3.3 0.6 1.1 6.1 <0.40
Beryllium 63 32 460 ND - 2.0 0.11 2.1 1.2 2.3 0.095 J 0.8 J 0.4 J 0.073 J 0.91 J 0.052 J
Cadmium 3.0 14.2 196 1.0 - 10*4.3 NS <0.55 <0.60 0.093 J 0.11 J 0.29 J 0.74 J 0.12 J <0.75
Copper 700 620 9,400 3 - 100 34 19 4.4 J 7.7 J 29 33 18 77 28 32
Lead 270 400 800 ND - 50 16 27 20 25 4.1 J 16 5.2 11 20 8.1
Manganese NS 360 5,200 <2.0 - 7,000*640 2,340 340 670 49 140 55 69 150 13
Mercury 1 2.2 3.13 0.03 - 0.52 0.121 NS 0.052 0.037 <0.052 0.029 J 0.027 J 0.059 J 0.066 J <0.040Nickel1303004,400 ND - 150 23 22 4.0 J 4.9 J 1.7 J 3.4 J 4.7 J 2.7 J 25 1.2 J
Selenium 2.1 78 1,160 <0.1 - 0.8 0.42 4 <1.2 <1.3 <2.1 <2.1 <2.0 <2.6 <3.4 <1.7Silver3.4 78 1,160 ND - 5.0 NS 0.7 0.042 J 0.052 J <0.22 <0.22 <0.21 <0.28 <0.35 1.0Thallium0.28 0.156 2.4 NS NS NS 0.54 0.94 0.046 J 0.37 0.13 J 0.077 J 0.5 <0.13Zinc1,200 4,600 70,000 25 - 124 56 NS 53 55 2,300 1,800 250 210 170 180
Chromium NS NS NS 7.0 - 300 65 33 18 28 85 140 70 54 82 11
Hexavalent Chromium 3.8 0.3 6.3 NS NS NS <0.91 <0.40 <8.2 <1.6 <1.6 <2.1 <1.0 <1.3
Trivalent Chromium 360,000 24,000 100,000 NS NS NS 18 28 85 140 70 54 82 11
Notes:
1) North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB)
Preliminary Soil Remediation Goals (PSRGs) (April 2016)2) Range and mean values of background metals for North Carolina soils taken from Elements in North American Soils by Dragun and Chekiri, 20053) A Geochemical Atlas of North Carolina by Jeffrey C. Reid, 1991* = Range and mean values of background metals for Southeastern USA soilsSoil concentrations are reported in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)Only compounds detected in at least one sample shownBold values exceed background for metals and DEQ IHSB Protection of Groundwater PSRGBold and underlined indicates result exceeds background for metals and exceeds Protection of Groundwater and Industrial PSRGLaboratory analytical methods are shown in parenthesesND = Not Detected; VOCs = Volatile Organic Compounds; SVOCs = Semi-Volatile Organic CompoundsJ = estimated value between the laboratory detection limit and the laboratory reporting limitNA = Not Analyzed; NS = Not Specified; -- = Not Applicable
Pond Sediment Sample
NC Background Metals
in Sediment(3)
Protection of
Groundwater
PSRGs (1) (mg/kg)
Residential
PSRGs (1)
(mg/kg)
Regional Background
Metals in Soil (2)
Screening Criteria
Industrial
PSRGs (1)
(mg/kg)
Background
SITE LOCATION MAP
DICEY MILLS430 NEISLER STREETSHELBY, NORTH CAROLINA
DATE:
JOB NO:
REVISION NO:
FIGURE NO:
6/15/2016 0
1DCY-001
0 2000 4000
APPROXIMATE
SCALE IN FEET
N
U.S.G.S. QUADRANGLE MAP7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
2923 S. Tryon Street, Suite 100
Charlotte, NC 28203
704.586.0007(p) 704.586.0373(f)
SHELBY, NORTH CAROLINA 2002
SITE
BACKGROUND-1
BACKGROUND-2
SED-1
SED-2
SED-3
SED-5
SED-4
SED-6
LEGEND
SITE PARCEL BOUNDARY
SEDIMENT SAMPLE LOCATION
BACKGROUND SAMPLE LOCATION
JOB NO. DCY-001
REVISION NO. 0DATE: 10-7-16
FIGURE NO. 2
DICEY MILLS
430 NEISLER STREET
SHELBY, NORTH CAROLINA
SEDIMENT SAMPLE LOCATION MAP
2923 South Tryon Street-Suite 100
Charlotte, North Carolina 28203
704-586-0007(p) 704-586-0373(f)
License # C-1269 / #C-245 Geology
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POND #1: PROCESS WATER
POND #2: PROCESS WATERFRESH WATER POND
POND #4: PROCESS WATER
POND #3: OUT OF USE
PROCESS WATER
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Appendix A
Laboratory Analytical Report
Page 1 of 87
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Sample Summary 4
Case Narrative 6
Sample Results 10
16H0752-01 10
16H0752-02 18
16H0752-03 24
16H0752-04 30
16H0752-05 36
16H0752-06 42
16H0752-07 48
Sample Preparation Information 54
QC Data 56
Volatile Organic Compounds by GC/MS 56
B156282 56
Semivolatile Organic Compounds by GC/MS 61
B156474 61
B156691 65
B156817 70
Metals Analyses (Total) 76
B156087 76
B156222 77
Conventional Chemistry Parameters by EPA/APHA/SW-846 Methods (Total) 78
B156196 78
B156529 78
Flag/Qualifier Summary 79
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Table of Contents (continued)
Certifications 80
Chain of Custody/Sample Receipt 85
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