HomeMy WebLinkAboutAbove The Fold_Lead Based Paint Inspection Report-final
XRF Lead-Based
Paint Inspection Report
Conducted At:
The News & Observer
215 S McDowell Street Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Prepared For: Cheryl Moody
Atlantic Shores Environmental
154 Backhoe Rd NE
Leland, North Carolina 28451
January 21, 2016
XRF Lead-Based Paint Inspection
Report
Conducted At: The News & Observer
215 S McDowell Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Prepared For:
Cheryl Moody
Atlantic Shores Environmental 154 Backhoe Rd NE Leland, North Carolina 28451
EI Project Number: IHMO160013.00
January 21, 2016
Ms. Carra Herring ________________________
Industrial Hygienist
NC Lead-Based Paint Risk Assessor Certification No. 120254 Mr. Christopher B. Murray, CIH, CSP ______ ____________
Senior Vice President – Operations
Prepared By: The EI Group, Inc.
2101 Gateway Centre Boulevard
Suite 200
Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 Phone #: 919-657-7500
Fax #: 919-657-7551
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INSPECTION METHODOLOGY
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS
3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDICES
A: XRF Field Data Sheets and Floor Plan
B: Definitions
C: Lead-Based Paint Activity Summary
D: Calibration Table E: Performance Characteristics Sheets F: Certification(s)
INTRODUCTION
The EI Group, Inc., located in Morrisville, North Carolina, was contracted as a third party to
perform a lead-based paint XRF inspection at the property located at 215 S McDowell Street, Raleigh (Press Building Only), North Carolina 27602. This evaluation was conducted at the request of Ms. Cheryl Moody with Atlantic Shores Environmental.
The inspection of the commercial building was performed on January 18, 2016 by Ms. Carra
Herring (NC Lead-Based Paint Risk Assessor Certification No. 120254). A surface-by-surface inspection of the commercial building and any associated outbuildings located on the property were inspected using an XRF spectrum analyzer. The results of all XRF sampling can be found
in Appendix A.
This inspection report includes analytical methods and limitations, discussion of XRF procedures, risk assessment procedures, and a summary of findings. Also, as required by Section .0808 of the North Carolina Lead-Based Paint Hazard Management Program, a summary of the
inspection/risk assessment activity performed at this site has been forwarded to the North
Carolina Department of Health and Human Services - Health Hazards Control Unit and a copy
has also been included as Appendix C to this report.
The results of this inspection indicate that there were lead readings in amounts greater
than or equal to 1.0 mg/ cm2 in paint was found on building components, using the
inspection protocol in Chapter 7 of the HUD Guidelines for the evaluation and control of
Lead-Based Paint Hazards in housing (2012).
However, some painted surfaces may contain levels of lead below 1.0 mg/cm2, which could
create lead dust or lead contaminated soil hazards if the paint is turned into dust by abrasion,
scraping, or sanding. This report should be kept by the inspector, the owner, and all future
owners for the life of the dwelling.
1.0 INSPECTION/METHODOLOGY
Surface-by-Surface Inspection Methodology
The lead-based paint inspection shall determine whether lead-based paint is present in the commercial building and, if present, which components contain lead-based paint. This shall be
accomplished through the determination of the concentration of lead in paint on a surface-by-
surface basis both inside the commercial building and on the exterior surfaces of the commercial
building using an XRF. Only accessible painted and/or varnished surfaces were tested using the direct read spectrum analyzer. The inspection shall be conducted following EPA’s work practice standards for conducting lead-based paint activities (40 CFR 745.227), the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-
Based Paint Hazards in Housing (Guidelines) with the June 2012 revisions, and all State and
local regulations except that a different visible color shall, by itself, result in a separate testing combination for a room equivalent. Samples are taken to represent component types;
therefore it should be assumed that similar component types in the rest of that room or
room equivalent also contain lead-based paint. If the standard for lead-based paint in the
jurisdiction is different from the HUD/EPA standard, which is 1.0 mg/cm2, the local
jurisdiction’s standard shall be used and the inspection report shall clearly indicate the standard. In addition, all requirements on XRF usage contained in the Performance Characteristics Sheet for the specific XRF being used shall be followed.
Exceptions to Inspection: No painted surfaces were present on the exterior of the building
and therefore were not tested.
NITON XLp-300A Spectrum Analyzer Lead Detector
The sampling strategy adheres to the EPA Performance Characteristic Sheet for the particular
XRF instrument used, as well as the manufacturers’ modifications and recommendations. The XRF used for detection of lead-based paint is the NITON XLp-300A Spectrum Analyzer Lead Detector (Serial Number: U13730, Cd109 40mCi). It was manufactured by NITON Corporation,
900 Middlesex Turnpike, Building 8, Billerica, MA 01821.
Samples may be classified as POS (Positive), NEG (Negative), or INCOM/NULL (Incomplete). Positive results indicate lead in quantities greater than 1.0 mg/cm2 and are considered lead-basedpaint. Negative results indicate lead in quantities less than 1.0 mg/cm2 and are not considered
lead-based paint. However, detectable lead quantities less than 1.0 mg/cm2 may constitute a lead
dust hazard even though it is not a lead-based paint hazard. Incomplete/Null results should be
ignored as insufficient data was collected by the XRF during the sample time to determine if the
sample is positive or negative (i.e. ~ instrument slipped or was removed prematurely, terminating the test).
When standing in any four-sided room facing side A, which coincides with the front of the
dwelling, side B will be to the right, side C will be to the rear, and side D will be to the left
(clockwise from side A).
McDowell Street
Description of Paint Condition Hazard Rankings
The paint condition is placed into one of two categories using the risk assessor’s professional
judgment. These categories are: intact and deteriorated (poor). Type of deterioration may also be noted on surfaces in deteriorated condition. Based on the approximate surface area of deteriorated paint, the risk assessor then assesses the paint condition as intact or deteriorated.
Hazard ranking protocol was assessed following the HUD Guidelines for Evaluation and Control
of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing, dated June 2012. This information is summarized below.
Type of Building
Component1 Total Area of Deteriorated Paint on Each Component
Intact1 Deteriorated2
Exterior components with large surface area Entire surface area is intact Entire surface area is not intact
Interior components with large surface area Entire surface area is intact Entire surface area is not intact
Interior and exterior
components with small surface areas
Entire surface area is
intact
Entire surface area is not intact
Notes: Superscript1 indicates the building component in this table refers to each individual component or side of the
building, not the combined surface area of similar components in a room.
Superscript2 indicates surfaces in “deteriorated” condition are considered to be lead-based paint hazards as defined by Title X and should be addressed through abatement or interim controls.
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS
This is a report of an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) inspection and risk assessment to determine if
lead-based paint or lead-based paint hazards exists in the readily accessible areas of the commercial building and tested components. The presence or absence of lead-based paint, or lead-based paint hazards, applies only to tested or assessed surfaces on the date of the field visit.
According to HUD/EPA Guidelines, lead in greater quantities than 1.0 mg/cm2 must be present
to be considered a lead-based paint (LBP). However, detectable lead in quantities less than 1.0 mg/cm2 may contribute to the development of lead dust hazards even though it is not a lead-based paint.
Surface-by-Surface Inspection- Positive Sample Results
COMPONENT SUBSTRATE SIDE CONDITION COLOR ROOM TYPE FLOOR
Floor Lines Concrete B Poor Yellow Loading Dock 1st floor
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Yellow Receiving Department 1st floor
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Red Receiving Department 1st floor
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Yellow Mezanine 1
Mezanine
1
Floor Concrete Poor Yellow Receiving Department 1st floor
Floor Concrete Poor Red Receiving Department 1st floor
Samples are taken to represent component types; therefore it should be assumed that
similar component types in the rest of that room or room equivalent also contain lead-
based paint
3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The following are possible options for treatment of identified hazards. Any or all of the options
listed below will reduce or eliminate the hazard.
Lead-Based Paint
If paint condition is intact, no treatment is required at this time. However, ongoing monitoring
and maintenance of painted surfaces containing lead-based paint must be performed on a routine
basis as paint conditions may deteriorate creating a lead dust hazard. Painted surfaces should be inspected annually and repainted as needed before deterioration occurs. Prior to any scraping or sanding, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the generation or spreading of paint
chips or dust.
Although painted surfaces may contain lead in quantities less than 1.0 mg/cm2, ongoingmonitoring and maintenance of painted surfaces must still be performed on a routine basis. These activities are necessary as lead quantities in paint less than 1.0 mg/cm2 may constitute a lead dust
hazard, even though the paint is not considered a lead-based paint.
Deteriorated Lead-Based Paint
Interior AND Exterior
Treatment of window components: • Repaint• Paint removal on friction and impact surfaces
• Replacement of component with vinyl windows
Treatment of door components:
• Repaint• Paint removal on friction and impact surfaces• Replacement of component with pre-hung door unit
Exterior ONLY:
Treatment of surfaces, not including windows and doors:
• Install vinyl and/or aluminum siding• Replacement of components with new materials• Paint removal on friction and impact surfaces
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A:
XRF Field Data Sheets
XR
F
Le
a
d
‐Ba
s
e
d
Pa
i
n
t
Re
s
u
l
t
s
Si
t
e
:
21
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
,
Ra
l
e
i
g
h
,
NC
27
6
0
1
De
v
i
c
e
:
XL
p
‐30
0
A
Se
r
i
a
l
#U
1
3
7
3
0
Da
t
e
: Ja
n
u
a
r
y
18
,
20
1
6
In
s
p
e
c
t
o
r
:
Ca
r
r
a
He
r
r
i
n
g
(N
C
Le
a
d
Ri
s
k
As
s
e
s
s
o
r
# 12
0
2
5
4
)
Re
a
d
i
n
g
No
C
O
M
P
O
N
E
N
T
S
U
B
S
T
R
A
T
E
S
I
D
E
C
O
N
D
I
T
I
O
N
C
O
L
O
R
R
O
O
M
TY
P
E
FL
O
O
R
S
I
T
E
/
A
D
D
R
E
S
S
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
P
b
C
P
b
C
Error
1
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
Positive
1
.
1
0
.
1
2
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
Positive
1
.
1
0
.
1
3
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
Positive
1
.
1
0
.
1
4
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
5
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
6
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD 0.03
7
Pi
l
l
a
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
a
c
k
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
6
8
P
i
l
l
a
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
a
c
k
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
4
9
P
i
l
l
a
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
0
.
9
0
.
1
10
P
i
l
l
a
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
R
e
d
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
4
11
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
8
12
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
5
13
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
5
14
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
15
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
16
Wa
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
17
E
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
R
e
d
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
18
E
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
19
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
20
E
l
e
v
a
t
o
r
Do
o
r
M
e
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
21
S
t
a
i
r
w
a
y
Ra
i
l
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
a
c
k
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
22
D
o
o
r
ME
T
A
L
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
23
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
E
T
A
L
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
4
24
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
25
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
Negative < LOD
0
.
0
3
26
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
27
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
28
S
t
a
i
r
w
a
y
Ra
i
l
i
n
g
M
E
T
A
L
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
Ba
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
29
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
t
h
r
o
o
m
B
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
30
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
t
h
r
o
o
m
B
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
31
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
t
h
r
o
o
m
B
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
32
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
t
h
r
o
o
m
B
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
33
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
t
h
r
o
o
m
B
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
34
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Ba
t
h
r
o
o
m
B
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
Negative < LOD
0
.
0
3
35
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
36
F
l
o
o
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
R
e
d
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
4
37
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
38
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
39
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
40
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
41
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
Negative < LOD
0
.
0
3
42
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
P
a
p
e
r
St
o
r
a
g
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
43
P
i
l
l
a
r
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
44
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
P
o
o
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
1
.
7
0
.
7
45
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
L
O
D
0
.
0
3
46
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
47
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
48
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
49
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
50
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
51
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
52
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
53
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
54
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
55
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
o
r
s
M
e
t
a
l
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
56
E
l
e
v
a
t
o
r
Do
o
r
M
e
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
Do
c
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
Negative < LOD
0
.
0
3
57
E
l
e
v
a
t
o
r
Do
o
r
M
e
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
58
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
59
F
l
o
o
r
li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
1
60
P
i
l
l
a
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
61
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
2
.
1
1
62
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
u
l
l
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
63
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD 0.05
64
Wa
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
5
65
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
R
e
d
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
3
.
7
2
.
4
66
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
67
P
i
l
l
a
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
68
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
69
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
70
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
71
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
Negative < LOD
0
.
0
3
72
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
73
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
74
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
75
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
8
76
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
e
n
d
i
n
g
Ar
e
a
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
8
77
F
l
o
o
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
G
r
e
y
P
r
e
s
s
Ro
o
m
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
8
78
R
a
i
l
i
n
g
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
S
t
a
i
r
w
e
l
l
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
6
79
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
3
.
6
2
.
3
80
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
81
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
82
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
83
P
i
l
l
a
r
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
e
n
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
84
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
85
Do
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
86
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
87
F
l
o
o
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
R
e
d
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
88
P
i
l
l
a
r
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
5
89
R
a
i
l
i
n
g
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
B
l
a
c
k
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
90
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
W
a
l
k
w
a
y
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
91
B
a
s
e
b
o
a
r
d
Ce
r
a
m
i
c
Ti
l
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
a
t
h
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
8
92
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
a
t
h
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD 0.08
93
Wa
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
a
t
h
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
8
94
F
l
o
o
r
Ce
r
a
m
i
c
Ti
l
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
a
t
h
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
7
95
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
B
a
t
h
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
7
96
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
B
a
t
h
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
7
97
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
7
98
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
7
99
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
B
r
e
a
k
r
o
o
m
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
2
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
10
0
P
i
l
l
a
r
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
R
E
D
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
10
1
S
t
a
i
r
w
a
y
Ra
i
l
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
Y
E
L
L
O
W
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
21
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
5
10
2
R
a
i
l
i
n
g
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
L
A
C
K
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
4
7
10
3
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
L
U
E
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
10
4
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
L
A
C
K
M
e
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
1
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
3
10
5
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
R
e
d
R
o
o
f
Ro
o
f
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
10
6
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
1 in
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
10
7
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
1 in
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
10
8
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
1 in
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
Ar
e
a
2n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
10
9
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
1 in
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
0
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
1 in
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
1
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
O
f
f
i
c
e
1 in
Me
z
a
n
i
n
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
2
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
P
i
n
k
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
3
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
P
i
n
k
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD 0.03
11
4
Wa
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
5
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
G
r
e
y
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
6
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
P
i
n
k
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
7
W
a
l
l
DR
Y
W
A
L
L
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
2
n
d
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
8
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
2
n
d
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
11
9
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
2
n
d
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
0
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
2
n
d
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
1
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
2
n
d
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
2
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
2
n
d
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
Ro
o
m
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
3
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
Of
f
i
c
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
4
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
Of
f
i
c
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
5
W
a
l
l
Dr
y
w
a
l
l
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
Of
f
i
c
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
Negative < LOD
0
.
0
3
12
6
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
Of
f
i
c
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
7
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
Of
f
i
c
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
8
W
a
l
l
DR
Y
W
A
L
L
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
Of
f
i
c
e
Ar
e
a
2
n
d
Fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
12
9
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
13
0
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
a
c
k
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
9
13
1
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
13
2
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
B
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
0
.
2
8
0
.
0
5
13
3
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
13
4
W
a
l
l
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
13
5
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
6
13
6
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
13
7
D
o
o
r
Me
t
a
l
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
13
8
D
o
o
r
Ca
s
i
n
g
M
e
t
a
l
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD 0.23
13
9
Fl
o
o
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
P
o
o
r
G
r
e
y
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
14
0
R
a
i
l
i
n
g
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
B
l
u
e
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
8
14
1
P
i
l
l
a
r
Me
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
14
2
F
l
o
o
r
Bu
m
p
e
r
M
e
t
a
l
In
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
P
r
e
s
s
Re
l
e
a
s
e
Ro
o
m
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
14
3
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
Y
e
l
l
o
w
W
a
s
h
Wa
t
e
r
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
14
4
P
i
l
l
a
r
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
In
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
W
a
s
h
Wa
t
e
r
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
2
9
14
5
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
C
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
W
a
s
h
Wa
t
e
r
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
Negative < LOD
0
.
1
1
14
6
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
D
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
W
a
s
h
Wa
t
e
r
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
1
1
14
7
W
a
l
l
Br
i
c
k
A
I
n
t
a
c
t
W
h
i
t
e
P
r
e
s
s
Da
y
Ta
n
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
1
1
14
8
P
e
d
e
s
t
r
i
a
n
Wa
l
k
w
a
y
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
G
r
e
e
n
P
r
e
s
s
Da
y
Ta
n
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
u
l
l
<
LOD
0
.
0
6
14
9
P
e
d
e
s
t
r
i
a
n
Wa
l
k
w
a
y
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
G
r
e
e
n
P
r
e
s
s
Da
y
Ta
n
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
15
0
P
e
d
e
s
t
r
i
a
n
Wa
l
k
w
a
y
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
P
r
e
s
s
Da
y
Ta
n
k
1s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
<
LOD
0
.
0
3
15
1
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
Y
e
l
l
o
w
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
2
1
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
1
.
9
0
.
9
15
2
F
l
o
o
r
Li
n
e
s
Co
n
c
r
e
t
e
Po
o
r
R
e
d
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
1
s
t
fl
o
o
r
21
5
S Mc
D
o
w
e
l
l
St
r
e
e
t
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
2
.
7
1
.
5
15
3
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
Positive
1
.
1
0
.
1
15
4
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
Positive
1
.
1
0
.
1
15
5
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
Positive
1
.
1
0
.
1
No
t
e
:
Sa
m
p
l
e
s
ar
e
ta
k
e
n
to
re
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ty
p
e
s
;
th
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
it
sh
o
u
l
d
be
as
s
u
m
e
d
th
a
t
si
m
i
l
a
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ty
p
e
s
in
th
e
re
s
t
of
th
a
t
ro
o
m
or
ro
o
m
eq
u
i
v
a
l
e
n
t
al
s
o
co
n
t
a
i
n
Le
a
d
‐Ba
s
e
d
Pa
i
n
t
.
215 S McDowell Street, Raleigh, North Carolina
1st Floor Loading Dock Area 1st Floor Receiving Area
APPENDIX B:
Definitions
LEAD DEFINITIONS
COMMON LEAD-BASED PAINT TERMS:
Lead-Based Paint: Paint that contains at least 1 milligram per centimeter square (mg/cm2) of
lead. Also measured as greater than 0.5 percent lead or has 5,000 parts per million (ppm) lead by
dry weight.
Lead-Based Paint Hazards: Housing conditions that cause human exposure to unsafe levels of
lead from paint. These conditions include deteriorated lead-based paint; friction, impact or
chewable painted surfaces; lead-contaminated dust; or lead-contaminated soil.
Lead Hazard Evaluation:
Visual Assessment: A visual evaluation of interior and exterior painted surfaces to identify
specific conditions that contributes to lead-based paint hazards. The assessment is performed by
a certified risk assessor or Housing Quality Standards (HQS) inspector trained in visual
assessment.
Paint Testing: Testing of specific surfaces, by XRF (x-ray fluorescence) or lab analysis, to
determine the lead content of these surfaces, performed by a certified lead-based paint inspector
or certified risk assessor.
Risk Assessment: A comprehensive evaluation for lead-based paint hazards that includes paint
testing, dust and soil sampling, and a visual evaluation. The risk assessment report identifies
lead hazards and appropriate lead hazard reduction methods. A certified risk assessor must
conduct the assessment.
Lead Hazard Screen: A limited risk assessment activity that can be performed instead of a risk
assessment in units that meet certain criteria (e.g. good condition). The screen must be
performed by a certified risk assessor. If the unit fails the lead hazard screen, a full risk
assessment must be performed.
Clearance Examination: Clearance is performed after hazard reduction, rehabilitation or
maintenance activities to determine if a unit is safe for occupancy. It involves a visual
assessment, analysis of dust and soil samples, and preparation of report. A certified risk
assessor, paint inspector, or clearance technician (independent from entity/individual conducting
paint stabilization or hazard reduction) conducts clearance.
Lead Hazard Reduction
Paint Stabilization: An interim control method that stabilizes painted surfaces and addressed the
underlying cause of deterioration. Steps include repairing defective surfaces, removing loose
paint and applying new paint.
Interim Controls: Set of measures to temporarily control lead-based paint hazards. Interim
control methods must be completed by qualified workers using safe work practices. Follow-up
monitoring is needed.
Standard Treatments: A complete set of interim control methods that when used together
temporarily control all potential lead hazards in a unit. Because they address all conditions, a
risk assessment or other evaluation is not needed. Standard treatments must be completed by
qualified workers using safe work practices. As with interim controls, follow-up monitoring is
needed.
Abatement: Measures to permanently control (i.e. 20 years or more) lead-based paint or lead-
based paint hazards.
Lead Poisoning
Environmental Intervention Blood Lead Level: The level of lead in blood that requires
intervention in a child under age six. This is defined as a blood lead level of 20 g/dL
(micrograms per deciliter) of whole blood or above for a single test, or blood lead levels of 15-19
g/dL in two tests taken at least three months apart.
LEAD-BASED PAINT – KEY UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
g (Microgram): A Microgram is 1/1000th of a milligram (or one millionth of a gram). To put
this unit into perspective, a penny weighs 2 grams. To get a microgram, you would need to
divide the penny into 2 million pieces. A microgram is one of those two million pieces.
ft2 (Square foot): One square foot is equal to an area that has a length of one foot (12 inches)
and a width of one foot (12 inches).
g/dL: Micrograms per deciliter used to measure the level of lead in children’s blood to
establish whether intervention is needed. A deciliter (1/10th of liter) is a little less than half a cup.
As noted above, a microgram is the same weight as one penny divided into two million parts.
g/gram: Micrograms per gram of sample, equivalent to parts per million (ppm) by weight.
Used to measure lead in soil.
g/ft2: Micrograms per square feet is the measurement used to measure levels of lead in dust and
soil samples. The clearance report should have the results listed in g/ft2 (micrograms per square
foot).
mg/cm2: Milligrams per square centimeter, used for paint by XRF machines.
percent: Percent by weight, used usually for lead-based paint (1 percent = 10,000 g/gram.
ppm: Parts per million by weight, equivalent to g/gram (10,000 ppm = 1 percent). Used to
measure lead in paint and soil.
LEAD-BASED PAINT STANDARDS
Paint – Definition of Lead-Based Paint
Paint that contains at least:
* 1 milligram per centimeters square (mg/cm
2) of lead;
* 0.5 percent lead; or
* 5,000 parts per million (ppm) lead by dry weight.
Dust – Thresholds for Lead-Contamination (Risk Assessment/Clearance)
* Floors 40 g/ft2
* Interior window sills 250 g/ft2
* Window troughs (Clearance only) 400 g/ft2
Soil – Thresholds for Soil Contamination
* Play areas used by children under age 6 400 g/gram
* Other areas 1,200 g/gram
APPENDIX C:
Lead-Based Paint Activity Summary
NC DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH
HEALTH HAZARDS CONTROL UNIT
LEAD-BASED PAINT ACTIVITY SUMMARY
**Please type or print in ink.**
I. TYPE OF ACTIVITY:
X Inspection Risk Assessment Lead Hazard Screen
II. DATE ACTIVITY COMPLETED: January 18, 2016
III. ACTIVITY LOCATION:
Address: 215 S McDowell Street
City: Raleigh State: NC Zip Code: 27601 County: Wake Year Built:
Contact Person: Larry Campbell Contact Phone: 919-812-8616
IV. ACTIVITY SUMMARY (attach additional pages as needed):
EI conducted a Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment at the property of 215 S McDowell Street,
Raleigh, NC 27601
-LBP was found at the property in the following locations:
COMPONENT SUBSTRATE SIDE CONDITION COLOR ROOM TYPE FLOOR
Floor Lines Concrete B Poor Yellow Loading Dock 1st floor
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Yellow Receiving Department 1st floor
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Red Receiving Department 1st floor
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Yellow Mezanine 1
Mezanine
1
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Yellow Receiving Department 1st floor
Floor Lines Concrete Poor Red Receiving Department 1st floor
V. CERTIFIED INSPECTOR OR RISK ASSESSOR
Name: Ms. Carra Herring NC Lead Cert. No. 120254
Title: Industrial Hygienist
Certified Firm: The EI Group, Inc. NC Cert. No.: FPB-OO18
Address: 2101 Gateway Centre Blvd., Suite 200 State: NC Zip: 27560
Telephone: 919-657-7500
Signature: _______________________________ Date: 1/18/16
SUBMIT TO: NC DHHS - HEALTH HAZARDS CONTROL UNIT
1912 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
Raleigh, NC 27699-1912
APPENDIX D:
Calibration Table
APPENDIX E:
Performance Characteristics Sheets
Niton XLp 300, 9/24/2004, ed. 1
1 of 3
Performance Characteristic Sheet
EFFECTIVE DATE: September 24, 2004 EDITION NO.: 1
MANUFACTURER AND MODEL:
Make: Niton LLC
Tested Model: XLp 300
Source: 109Cd
Note: This PCS is also applicable to the equivalent model variations indicated
below, for the Lead-in-Paint K+L variable reading time mode, in the XLi and
XLp series:
XLi 300A, XLi 301A, XLi 302A and XLi 303A.
XLp 300A, XLp 301A, XLp 302A and XLp 303A.
XLi 700A, XLi 701A, XLi 702A and XLi 703A.
XLp 700A, XLp 701A, XLp 702A, and XLp 703A.
Note: The XLi and XLp versions refer to the shape of the handle part of the instrument. The
differences in the model numbers reflect other modes available, in addition to Lead-in-
Paint modes. The manufacturer states that specifications for these instruments are
identical for the source, detector, and detector electronics relative to the Lead-in-Paint
mode.
FIELD OPERATION GUIDANCE
OPERATING PARAMETERS:
Lead-in-Paint K+L variable reading time mode.
XRF CALIBRATION CHECK LIMITS:
0.8 to 1.2 mg/cm2 (inclusive)
The calibration of the XRF instrument should be checked using the paint film nearest 1.0 mg/cm2 in the NIST
Standard Reference Material (SRM) used (e.g., for NIST SRM 2579, use the 1.02 mg/cm2 film).
If readings are outside the acceptable calibration check range, follow the manufacturer's instructions to bring
the instruments into control before XRF testing proceeds.
SUBSTRATE CORRECTION:
For XRF results using Lead-in-Paint K+L variable reading time mode, substrate correction is not needed for:
Brick, Concrete, Drywall, Metal, Plaster, and Wood
INCONCLUSIVE RANGE OR THRESHOLD:
K+L MODE
READING DESCRIPTION
SUBSTRATE THRESHOLD
(mg/cm2)
Results not corrected for substrate bias on any
substrate
Brick
Concrete
Drywall
Metal
Plaster
Wood
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Niton XLp 300, 9/24/2004, ed. 1
2 of 3
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
EVALUATION DATA SOURCE AND DATE:
This sheet is supplemental information to be used in conjunction with Chapter 7 of the HUD Guidelines for
the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing ("HUD Guidelines"). Performance
parameters shown on this sheet are calculated from the EPA/HUD evaluation using archived building
components. Testing was conducted in August 2004 on 133 testing combinations. The instruments that
were used to perform the testing had new sources; one instrument’s was installed in November 2003 with
40 mCi initial strength, and the other’s was installed June 2004 with 40 mCi initial strength.
OPERATING PARAMETERS:
Performance parameters shown in this sheet are applicable only when properly operating the instrument
using the manufacturer's instructions and procedures described in Chapter 7 of the HUD Guidelines.
SUBSTRATE CORRECTION VALUE COMPUTATION:
Substrate correction is not needed for brick, concrete, drywall, metal, plaster or wood when using Lead-in-
Paint K+L variable reading time mode, the normal operating mode for these instruments. If substrate
correction is desired, refer to Chapter 7 of the HUD Guidelines for guidance on correcting XRF results for
substrate bias.
EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF XRF TESTING:
Randomly select ten testing combinations for retesting from each house or from two randomly selected
units in multifamily housing. Use the K+L variable time mode readings.
Conduct XRF retesting at the ten testing combinations selected for retesting.
Determine if the XRF testing in the units or house passed or failed the test by applying the steps below.
Compute the Retest Tolerance Limit by the following steps:
Determine XRF results for the original and retest XRF readings. Do not correct the
original or retest results for substrate bias. In single-family housing a result is defined as
the average of three readings. In multifamily housing, a result is a single reading.
Therefore, there will be ten original and ten retest XRF results for each house or for the
two selected units.
Calculate the average of the original XRF result and retest XRF result for each
testing combination.
Square the average for each testing combination.
Add the ten squared averages together. Call this quantity C.
Multiply the number C by 0.0072. Call this quantity D.
Add the number 0.032 to D. Call this quantity E.
Take the square root of E. Call this quantity F.
Multiply F by 1.645. The result is the Retest Tolerance Limit.
Compute the average of all ten original XRF results.
Compute the average of all ten re-test XRF results.
Find the absolute difference of the two averages.
Niton XLp 300, 9/24/2004, ed. 1
3 of 3
If the difference is less than the Retest Tolerance Limit, the inspection has passed the retest. If
the difference of the overall averages equals or exceeds the Retest Tolerance Limit, this
procedure should be repeated with ten new testing combinations. If the difference of the overall
averages is equal to or greater than the Retest Tolerance Limit a second time, then the
inspection should be considered deficient.
Use of this procedure is estimated to produce a spurious result approximately 1% of the time. That is,
results of this procedure will call for further examination when no examination is warranted in
approximately 1 out of 100 dwelling units tested.
TESTING TIMES:
For the Lead-in-Paint K+L variable reading time mode, the instrument continues to read until it is moved
away from the testing surface, terminated by the user, or the instrument software indicates the reading is
complete. The following table provides testing time information for this testing mode. The times have
been adjusted for source decay, normalized to the initial source strengths as noted above. Source
strength and type of substrate will affect actual testing times. At the time of testing, the instruments had
source strengths of 26.6 and 36.6 mCi.
Testing Times Using K+L Reading Mode (Seconds)
All Data Median for laboratory-measured lead levels
(mg/cm2)
Substrate 25th
Percentile
Median 75th
Percentile
Pb < 0.25 0.25 < Pb<1.0 1.0 < Pb
Wood
Drywall
4 11 19 11 15 11
Metal
4 12 18 9 12 14
Brick
Concrete
Plaster
8 16 22 15 18 16
CLASSIFICATION RESULTS:
XRF results are classified as positive if they are greater than or equal to the threshold, and negative if
they are less than the threshold.
DOCUMENTATION:
A document titled Methodology for XRF Performance Characteristic Sheets provides an explanation of
the statistical methodology used to construct the data in the sheets, and provides empirical results from
using the recommended inconclusive ranges or thresholds for specific XRF instruments. For a copy of
this document call the National Lead Information Center Clearinghouse at 1-800-424-LEAD.
This XRF Performance Characteristic Sheet was developed by the Midwest Research Institute (MRI)
and QuanTech, Inc., under a contract between MRI and the XRF manufacturer. HUD has determined
that the information provided here is acceptable when used as guidance in conjunction with Chapter 7,
Lead-Based Paint Inspection, of HUD’s Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint
Hazards in Housing.
APPENDIX F:
Certification(s)