10036_South End Transit_Pressley Services Phase II Report FINAL-OCR

DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE WORLD

Phase II Environmental Site Assessment

Pressley Services, Inc
2205 Dunavant Street
Charlotte, North Carolina
December 2006

ERM NC, PC
8000 Corporate Center Drive
Suite 200
Charlotte, North Carolina 28226

www.erm.com

Cherokee Investment Partners
Phase II Environmental Site Assessment

Pressley Services, Inc
2205 Dunavant Street
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County,
North Carolina
December 2006

Project No. 55685

________________________________
Alan Martin, P.G.
Project Manager

_________________________________
Thomas M. Wilson, P.G.
Principal-In-Charge

ERM NC, PC
8000 Corporate Center Drive
Suite 200
Charlotte, North Carolina 28226
[phone]
[phone] (fax)
http://www.erm.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND 1

2.0 PHASE II ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES 2

3.0 ASSESSMENT RESULTS 5

4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Topographic Site Location Map
Figure 2 Site Layout Map
Figure 3 Soil Sample Results Map
Figure 4 Groundwater Sample Results Map
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Monitor Well Construction
Table 2 Soil Sample Analytical Results
Table 3 Groundwater Sample Analytical Results
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Soil Boring Logs
APPENDIX B: Laboratory Analytical Data Sheets
ERM NC, PC i PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
1.0 INTRODUCTION
On October 18 through 23, 2006, ERM NC, PC (ERM) performed a Phase II
Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) on behalf of Cherokee Investment
Partners at the Pressley Services, Inc. property (hereafter referred to as “the
subject site“ or “the subject property”) located at 2205 Dunavant Street, in
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. The purpose of the
Phase II site investigation was to investigate potential areas of concern
identified during a previous Phase I ESA of the site conducted by ERM in
November 2005, as discussed below.

1.1 BACKGROUND
A Phase I ESA was conducted by ERM at the subject property in
November 2005. As indicated in the Phase I report, the property was
developed prior to 1956 and has been occupied by several tenants. Prior
to 1951 the property was undeveloped and wooded. The location of the
subject property is presented on Figure 1. Figure 2 presents the current
site layout. No on-site recognized environmental conditions were
identified during the Phase I ESA. The Phase I ESA did, however, identify
the following off-site recognized environmental conditions:

• The western adjacent property at 216 Dunavant Street is listed in the
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) database under Beta
Construction. Petroleum contamination (benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, xylenes) in groundwater was documented on-site in
1989. The site is also listed in the U.S Brownfields database. As
documented in a Pollution Incident/UST Leak Reporting Form dated
July 13, 1992, during the removal of two underground storage tanks in
1989, benzene (190 ppb), MTBE (630 ppb), trichloroethene (380 ppb),
and tetrachloroethene (6 ppb) were documented in groundwater
below the Beta Construction property located at 216 Dunavant Street.
The documented groundwater flow direction at this site is to the
southwest. Trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene, cis-1,2-
dichloroethene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and naphthalene
concentrations in groundwater greater than the respective North
Carolina Groundwater Standards (15A NCAC 2L) have been detected
in monitoring wells installed along the eastern property line of the 216
Dunavant Street site adjacent to the subject site. In a report entitled
Cost Effective Maintenance Environmental Site Assessment prepared
by Malcolm Pirnie in October 1997, it is concluded that a source of TCE
exists along the eastern property boundary of the 216 Dunavant Street
ERM NC, PC 1 PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
site and a recommendation is made for further sampling to delineate
the source area on the 216 Dunavant Street property. Although
groundwater from the 216 Dunavant Street property flows away from
the subject site, a potential source area located on the 216 Dunavant
Street property adjacent to the western property boundary of the
subject site could adversely impact groundwater at the subject site.

• Trichloroethene-affected groundwater is present on the Sonoco
Flexible Packaging property less than 150 feet east and upgradient of
the subject property. This groundwater contamination is associated
with a release from the former Dynatech facility located approximately
500 feet east-northeast of the subject property. The extent of this
groundwater contamination has not been delineated and it is possible
that groundwater beneath the subject property has been affected by
this upgradient release.

• The Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Company, located approximately 600
feet to the north-northeast of the subject site, was present between 1890
and the mid 1950s. This off-site facility was subsequently called the
Virginia Carolina Chemical Company, and maintained several large oil
tanks and an area labeled as an “oil refinery.” Based on the inferred
direction of groundwater flow, these off-site locations are potentially
situated up gradient to the subject property, and if a release had
occurred it may represent a potential environmental concern.

• Several properties within a ¼-mile radius of the subject site were listed
in the database search as sites with documented groundwater or soil
contamination. The topography and suspected regional shallow
groundwater flow direction indicates contamination from these site
should migrate away from the subject site, however, there is potential
for off-site contamination to adversely impact the subject site.

2.0 PHASE II ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES
On October 18, 2006, ERM supervised the installation of three direct push
(Geoprobe®) soil borings. Two of the direct push soil borings were
converted to temporary monitor wells for purposes of collecting
groundwater samples and identifying the depth to the water table. Three
soil samples (PS-SB-1 through PS-SB-3) and two groundwater samples
(PS-GW-1 and PS-GW-3) were collected and submitted for laboratory
analysis.
ERM NC, PC 2 PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
The direct push soil borings and temporary monitor wells were installed
by Probe Technology, Inc. of Concord, North Carolina, using direct push,
or Geoprobe® drilling and sampling equipment. The direct push
sampling method uses a small truck or all terrain vehicle mounted
hydraulic jack mechanism to drive a 2-inch diameter hollow steel probe
(macro-core) with a polyethylene soil-sampling sleeve into the ground to
the desired depth prior to sampling. Using the macro-core sampler, soil
samples were collected continuously until the target soil sampling depth
was reached or refusal was met. All downhole sampling equipment was
cleaned via a high-temperature/high-pressure water wash (steam cleaner)
before and between each boring.
Soils were logged in the field by an ERM geologist and screened for the
presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via a photo-ionization
detector (PID) and the headspace field screening method. Soil boring logs
and field screening data and can be referenced in Appendix A. Soil
samples intervals for laboratory analyses were chosen based on PID
readings, visual and olfactory observations and the suspected depth of the
potential concern.
Soil borings PS-SB-1 and PS-SB-2 were advanced along the northwestern
property boundary to assess potential impacts to soil and groundwater
from the Beta Construction property. Soil samples were collected from 2
to 4 feet below ground surface at PS-SB-1 and 12 to 14 feet at PS-SB-2. One
additional soil boring (PS-SB-3) was advanced along the southwestern
wall of the subject facility where a soil sample was collected from 14 to 16
feet below ground surface. In general, the shallow soils at the site were
comprised of clayey silts grading to fine sandy silts at depth.
Soil samples were placed in laboratory-supplied sample containers and
then placed in a cooler with ice for storage and delivery to Prism
Laboratories of Charlotte, North Carolina for analyses. Soil samples
collected from the site were analyzed for volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) by Method 8260. ERM and Prism Laboratories adhered to
appropriate chain-of-custody procedures.
Following the completion of soil sample collection, temporary monitor
wells were installed in the PS-SB-1 and PS-SB-3 borings. The temporary
monitor wells were installed at depths of 14.7 feet below ground surface
in boring PS-SB-1 and 10.8 feet at PS-SB-3. These depths represent where
the direct push probe encountered saturated soil for groundwater
sampling.
ERM NC, PC 3 PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
Each temporary monitor well was installed with 1-inch diameter PVC well
screen and riser, filter sand and bentonite seal in general accordance with
North Carolina Well Construction Standards (15A NCAC 2C). Each well
was fitted with locking, expandable well caps. Following construction, all
new monitor wells were developed by purging a minimum of five well
bore volumes from the well utilizing a combination of a new, disposable
bailer and previously decontaminated peristaltic pump. After
development, all monitor wells were sampled using low-flow sampling
methods to minimize turbidity present in the samples and to minimize the
volume of groundwater potentially requiring special handling and
disposal procedures. Prior to purging and sampling, depth-to-
groundwater data were recorded for each monitor well. Monitor well
construction details and groundwater elevation data are presented in
Table 1.
The depth-to-groundwater ranged from 16.3 feet below ground surface in
PS-GW-1 to 17.7 feet in PS-GW-3. Based on these depth-to-ground water
measurements and local land surface topography, the groundwater flow
direction beneath the subject property appears to be to the southwest
toward Dunavant Street.
Groundwater samples were collected from each temporary monitor well
and analyzed for VOCs by Method 8260B. Samples collected from each
temporary well were labeled with an identification of GW, i.e., the sample
collected and labeled PS-GW-1 is the groundwater from the boring labeled
PS-SB-1.

ERM NC, PC 4 PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
3.0 ASSESSMENT RESULTS
Soil analytical results are summarized in Table 2 and groundwater
analytical results are summarized in Table 3. Sample locations and
analytical results are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 for soil and groundwater,
respectively. Soil boring logs including field screening values are presented
in Appendix A. The laboratory analytical data reports are presented in
Appendix B. For comparison purposes, the soil results are compared to the
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(NCDENR) Division of Water Quality – Aquifer Protection Section’s Soil-to-
Groundwater Cleanup Levels or Division of Waste Management –
Superfund Section Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch Remediation Goal
(IHSB RG) levels for unrestricted land use. These values are shown in Table
2 of this report, as applicable. Groundwater analytical results are compared
to the North Carolina Groundwater Standards (NC 15A NCAC 2L
0.0202(g)) which are identified in Table 3.
Soils
Soil samples (PS-SB-1, PS-SB-2, and PS-SB-3) were submitted to the
laboratory for VOC analyses. Trichlorofluoromethane was detected in PS-
SB-1 below the state remediation goals. No other detectable
concentrations of VOCs were reported in any of the soil samples.
Groundwater
The groundwater levels in temporary monitor wells PS-GW-1 and PS-
GW-3 were approximately 16.92 feet and 18.19 feet below the top of
casing, respectively. Groundwater samples collected from the temporary
wells were submitted to the laboratory for VOC analyses. Trichloroethene
(TCE) was detected in the PS-GW-1 groundwater sample at 84
micrograms per liter (µg/L) and in the PS-GW-3 groundwater sample at
110 µg/L. The North Carolina Groundwater Standard for trichloroethene
is 2.8 µg/L. Tetrachloroethene (PCE) was also detected in the PS-GW-1
groundwater sample at 1.2 micrograms per liter (µg/L) and in the PS-GW-
3 groundwater sample at 1.6 µg/L. The North Carolina Groundwater
Standard for tetrachloroethene is 0.7 µg/L. Additionally, 1,2-
dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) was detected in PS-GW-1 at 1.0 µg/L which is
in excess of the regulatory standard of 0.38 µg/L. Other VOCs detected in
the PS-GW-1 and PS-GW-3 groundwater samples did not exceed the
applicable North Carolina Groundwater Standards.
No on site source of the VOCs detected in the ground water at the subject
property has been identified. As noted above, TCE, PCE, and 1,2-DCA
ERM NC, PC 5 PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
were not detected in soil samples collected from the subject property.
Based on the lack of an on-site source area and the apparent ground water
flow direction, the TCE, PCE, and 1,2-DCA detected in the groundwater
samples from the site is attributed to migration of VOC-affected
groundwater from an off-site source area. The suspected off-site source is
the VOC-affected ground water beneath the adjacent Beta Construction
property, located immediately northwest of the subject property.
ERM NC, PC 6 PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
On October 18-23, 2006, ERM conducted a Phase II ESA to evaluate
subsurface conditions at the Pressley Services property located at 2205
Dunavant Street, Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. A
summary of the findings of the Phase II ESA is provided below.
Three soil samples were collected via direct push methods to evaluate soil
quality at the subject property. No VOCs were identified in the soils
samples in excess of the NCDENR Aquifer Protection Section’s Cleanup
Levels.
Two groundwater samples were collected from temporary monitor wells
installed at the soil boring locations. The groundwater flow direction
beneath the site appears to be to the southwest. Trichloroethene and
tetrachloroethene were detected in both samples in excess of the North
Carolina Groundwater Standards. Additionally, 1,2-dichloroethane was
detected in one of the samples in excess of the North Carolina
Groundwater Standard. The maximum concentration of trichloroethene,
tetrachloroethene, and 1,2-dichlroethane detected are 110 µg/L, 1.6 µg/L,
and 1.0 µg/L, respectively. The North Carolina Groundwater Standards
for trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and 1,2-dichlroethane are 2.8 µg/L,
0.7 µg/L, and 0.38 µg/L, respectively. The source of the contamination is
likely the Beta Construction property located immediately northwest of
the subject property. Trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, cis-1,2-
dichloroethene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and naphthalene concentrations in
groundwater greater than the respective North Carolina Groundwater
Standards have been detected in monitoring wells installed along the
eastern property line of the Beta Construction site adjacent to the subject
site. Concentrations of trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene detected on
the Beta Construction property are approximately three times greater than
those reported on the subject property. No other VOCs were detected in
the groundwater samples in excess of the North Carolina Groundwater
Standards.
ERM NC, PC 7 PRESSLEY SERVICES PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC

Figures

Source: Charlotte East, NC 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle; 1988; Contour Interval = 10 feet
Figure
ERM NC, PC
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
PRESSLEY SERVICE INC
2205 DUNAVANT STREET
SITE LOCATION MAP
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 mi
SITE
Not To Scale
FIGURE
2ERM NC, PC
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
PRESSLEY SERVICES INC.
2205 DUNAVANT STREET
SITE LAYOUT MAP
GRAVEL
PARKING
LADONNA
ANTIQUES
PROPERTY
LINE
VACANT
SONOCO
FLEXIBLE
PACKAGING
MURRAY SUPPLY
COMPANY
R&S TEXTILE MACHINERY CO.
(FORMERLY BETA CONSTRUCTION
& COST EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE)
AMERICAN
CLASSIC
SIGNS
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION OF
VOC-AFFECTED
GROUND WATER
Not To Scale
FIGURE
ERM NC, PC
SOIL SAMPLE LOCATIONS & RESULTS
PRESSLEY SERVICES INC.32205 DUNAVANT STREET
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
PS-SB-2 (12-14) RG
VOCs
Trichlorofluoromethane
All other compounds
ND
ND
78
NE
VACANT
SONOCO
FLEXIBLE
PACKAGING
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION OF VOC-
AFFECTED GROUND
WATER
PS-SB-1 (2-4) RG
VOCs
Trichlorofluoromethane
All other compounds
0.024
ND
78
NE
PS-SB-3 (14-16) RG
VOCs
Trichlorofluoromethane
All other compounds
ND
ND
78
NE
PS-SB-1 (Depth in Feet) RG
Detected soil contaminant concentrations in mg/kg
with regulatory standards (Maximum Soil
Contaminant Concentrations). Concentrations
above regulatory standards shown in bold font.
Soil Sample Location
ND Not Detected
NE Not Established
Not To Scale
FIGURE
ERM NC, PC
GROUNDWATER SAMPLE LOCATIONS & RESULTS
PRESSLEY SERVICES INC.42205 DUNAVANT STREET
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
VACANT
SONOCO
FLEXIBLE
PACKAGING
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF VOC-AFFECTED
GROUND WATER
PS-GW-1 Results Summary 2L STD
Detected groundwater contaminant concentrations in µg/L with
regulatory standards. Concentrations above regulatory
standards shown in bold font.
Groundwater Sample Location
ND Not Detected
NE Not Established
PS-GW-1 2L STD
VOCs
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloroethene
Tetrachloroethene
Methyl t-butyl ether
Isopropyl ether (IPE)
cis-1,2 Dichloroethene
1,2 Dichloroethane
All other VOCs
5.9
84
1.2
3.2
1.8
7.4
1.0
ND
2,100
2.8
0.7
200
70
70
0.38
NE
PS-GW-3 2L STD
VOCs
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloroethene
Tetrachloroethene
Methyl t-butyl ether
cis-1,2 Dichloroethene
All other VOCs
17
110
1.6
0.82 J
5.4
ND
2,100
2.8
0.7
200
70
NE

Tables

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TABLE 2
SOIL SAMPLE ANALYTICAL RESULTS
PRESSLEY SERVICES, INC.
2205 DUNAVANT STREET
CHARLOTTE, MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Sample
ID Date
Depth
(feet BGS)
T
r
i
c
h
l
o
r
o
f
l
u
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o
m
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t
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A
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c
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m
p
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d
s
PS-SB-1 10/18/06 2-4 <1 0.024 ND
PS-SB-2 10/18/06 12-14 1.7 ND ND
PS-SB-3 10/18/06 14-16 1.9 ND ND
78 NE
NE NE
386 NE
2,000 NE
Only detected compounds are shown in table
mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram
BGS = Below ground surface
ND - Not Detected at Method Detection Limit
NE = Not established
J - Estimated value between Reporting Limit and Method Detection Limit
1 - NCDENR IHSP RG - Inactive Hazardous Sites Program Remediation Goal
2 - NCDENR Aquifer Protection Section Clean Up Level
3 - EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Goal
Results shown in bold exceed RG levels or Soil-Groundwater Cleanup Level, where applicable
F
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d

S
c
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V
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c
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m
p
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s

-

p
p
m

(
P
I
D
)
VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
Method 8260 (mg/kg)
EPA Region 9 PRG Industrial / Commercial 3
IHSP RG 1
Soil-Groundwater Cleanup Level 2
EPA Region 9 PRG Residential 3

TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER SAMPLING RESULTS
PRESSLEY SERVICES, INC.
2205 DUNAVANT STREET
CHARLOTTE, MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Sample
ID Date
PS-GW-1 10/23/06 5.9 84 1.2 3.2 1.8 7.4 1.0 ND
PS-GW-3 10/23/06 17 110 1.6 0.82J ND 5.4 ND ND
NC 2L Groundwater Standard (µg/L)2,100 2.8 0.7 200 70 70 0.38 NE
Only detected compounds are shown in table
µg/L = Micrograms per liter
BGS = Below ground surface
ND - Not Detected at Method Detection Limit
NE = Not established
-- = Not Analyzed
J - Estimated value between Reporting Limit and Method Detection Limit
Results shown in bold exceed North Carolina Groundwater Standard (2L)
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Method 8260 (µg/L)
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Appendix A
Soil Boring Logs

Stratigraphy Legend Abbreviations
Concrete/Gravel HA - Hand auger
silty CLAY GP - Geoprobe
clayey SILT TD - Total Depth of Boring
silty SAND BGS - Below Ground Surface
clayey SAND DTW- Depth to Water
sandy SILT - Designates location of soil sample for lab analysis
Water table level Logged by:Thomas Fisher - ERM
Boring I.D.
Depth
Interval
(feet)
VOCs
(ppm)Gr
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Sample Description
PS-SB-1 0-1 <0.1 Concrete/Gravel
10/18/2006 1-12 <0.1 Reddish orange clayey SILT some rock fragments present.
0-4' HA <0.1
4'-25' GP <0.1
Red, orange, Lt. brown slightly plastic moist clayey SILT; saprolite
Screen 12-16 <0.1
Interval <0.1
15' - 30'16-25 Lt Brown sandy SILT with traces of medium sand and weathered manganese deposits;
<0.1 saprolite
saturated at 23' BGS.
<0.1
<0.1
Boring terminated at 30' BGS and the well installed at 30' BGS.
DTW = 16.92' on October 23,2006.
PS-SB-2 0-0.5 <0.1 Grass and Gravel
10/18/2006 0.5-15 <0.1 White and Tan fine sandy SILT; saprolite.
0-4' HA <0.1
4'- 15' GP <0.1
<0.1
<0.1
1.7
0.2 Boring terminated at 15' BGS due to Geoprobe refusal. No well was installed
No moisture present.
SOIL BORING LOGS - Pressley Services, 2205 Dunavant Street, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Pressley Services boring.xls:Boring Log Page 1 of 2 12/27/2006
Boring I.D.
Depth
Interval
(feet)
VOCs
(ppm)Gr
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Sample DescriptionMo
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PS-SB-3 0-2 <0.1 gravelly sandy SILT
10/18/2006 2-12 <0.1 Tan fine sandy SILT
0-4' HA 12-18 <0.1 Brown sandy SILT with weathered manganese and a 1" gravel layer at 14'
4'-26' GP 18-21 <0.1 White and Tan silty fine SAND; saprolite.
21-22 <0.1 orange clayey SILT
0.4
<0.1
1.9
Screen <0.1
Interval 22-25 <0.1 White and Tan fine sandy SILT 1" gravel layer at 22' BGS; saprolite
11'-26' 1.0 saturated at 25' BGS.
25-26 0.7 Brown, white, orange silty SAND; saprolite
0.2
Geoprobe refusal at 26' BGS.
Boring terminated at 26' BGS and the well installed at 26' BGS
DTW = 18.19' BGS on October 23, 2006.
Pressley Services boring.xls:Boring Log Page 2 of 2 12/27/2006

Appendix B
Laboratory Analytical Data Sheets