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DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE WORLD
Phase II Environmental Site Assessment
Former Gas Station and Dry Cleaner
2508 & 2522 South Boulevard
Charlotte, North Carolina
December 2006
ERM NC, PC
8000 Corporate Center Drive
Suite 200
Charlotte, North Carolina 28226
www.erm.com
Cherokee Investment Partners
Phase II Environmental Site Assessment
Former Gas Station and Dry Cleaner
2508 & 2522 South Boulevard
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County,
North Carolina
December 2006
Project No. 55685
_________________________________
Alan Martin, P.G.
Project Manager
_________________________________
Thomas M. Wilson, P.G.
Principal-In-Charge
ERM NC, PC
8000 Corporate Center Drive
Suite 200
Charlotte, North Carolina 28226
(704) 541-8345
(702) 541-8416 (fax)
http://www.erm.com
ERM NC, PC i FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
2.0 PHASE II ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES 3
3.0 ASSESSMENT RESULTS 6
4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Topographic Site Location Map
Figure 2 Site Layout Map
Figure 3 Soil Sample Results Map
Figure 4 Groundwater Sample Results Map
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Monitor Well Construction
Table 2 Soil Sample Analytical Results
Table 3 Groundwater Sample Analytical Results
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Soil Boring Logs
APPENDIX B: Laboratory Analytical Data Sheets
ERM NC, PC 1 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
1.0 INTRODUCTION
On October 16 through 20, 2006, ERM NC, PC (ERM) performed a Phase II
Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) on behalf of Cherokee Investment
Partners at the former gas station and dry cleaner property (hereafter
referred to as “the subject site“ or “the subject property”) located at 2508
and 2522 South Boulevard, in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North
Carolina. The purpose of the Phase II site investigation was to investigate
potential areas of concern identified during a previous Phase I ESA of the
site conducted by ERM in November 2005, as discussed below.
1.1 BACKGROUND
A Phase I ESA was conducted by ERM at the subject property in
November 2005. As indicated in the Phase I ESA report, the property
addressed at 2522 South Boulevard was occupied by a fuel service station
from 1953 until 2002. The structures and underground storage tanks
(USTs) associated with the former fueling station have been removed from
the property. The property addressed at 2508 South Boulevard formerly
operated as Dry Clean Carolina from 2000 to 2002. Several other tenants
have occupied the building which housed the dry cleaner since its
construction in 1969, including Pep Boys and Auten Charlotte Service
Center. The building was demolished prior to May 2006. The location of
the subject property is presented on Figure 1. Figure 2 presents the
current site layout. The Phase I ESA identified the following potential
environmental concern:
• Tetrachloroethene contamination in soil and groundwater was
detected at the 2508 South Boulevard parcel in April 2005. This soil
and groundwater contamination is attributed to the former dry
cleaning operations at this parcel. The highest concentration of
tetrachloroethene detected in groundwater was 150 micrograms per
liter (µg/L). The highest concentration of tetrachloroethene detected in
soil was 11 µg/kg. To date, no remedial action has been taken to
address the soil and groundwater contamination. The approximate
horizontal extent of tetrachloroethene-affected groundwater at the site
is depicted on Figures 2 and 4. The extent of tetrachloroethene-
affected soil has not been delineated. This incident is considered open
by the NCDENR and is under the regulatory authority of the
NCDENR Division of Waste Management Drycleaning Solvent
Cleanup Act (DSCA) Program. Additional investigation or
remediation at the site may be conducted by DSCA in the future.
ERM NC, PC 2 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
• Five USTs installed in 1969 and permanently closed in 1988 are
registered for the 2522 South Boulevard parcel. The five tanks
installed in 1969 include two 1,000-gallon used oil USTs, one 4,000-
gallon gasoline UST, and two 6,000-gallon gasoline USTs. No
information is available regarding the closure or location of these
tanks. However, five petroleum hydrocarbon USTs installed
subsequently at the site were removed in 2004 and petroleum
contamination was detected in groundwater and soil during the
closure of five underground storage tanks. Approximately 574 tons of
contaminated soil was removed from site during tank closure. A risk-
based Notice of No Further Action for the UST release at the 2522
South Boulevard parcel was issued by NCDENR on February 9, 2005.
The NCDENR concluded that soil contamination at the site does not
exceed the residential maximum soil contaminant concentrations
established in Title 15A NCAC 2L.0115. Additionally, on-site
groundwater meets clean-up requirements for a low risk site but
exceeds the groundwater quality standards established in Title 15A
NCAC 2L.0202. Consequently a Notice of Residual Petroleum was
required to be filed with the Register of Deeds in Mecklenburg County.
This Notice of Residual Petroleum places restrictions on the parcel to
prevent the installation of water supply wells on the 2522 South
Boulevard property. It should be noted that no restrictions were
placed on land use with regard to soil contamination on-site; however,
based on the low concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil,
soil generated during future construction and grading activities may
require special handling and disposal.
• The facility located at 2508 South Boulevard was also formerly
occupied by Pep Boys and Mechanically Inclined, automotive repair
companies. Additionally, the various fuel service stations that
occupied the property located at 2522 South Boulevard may have also
provided vehicle maintenance services. The daily operations at the
facilities during occupation by these tenants are unknown; however,
automotive repair companies typically use degreaser and solvents to
clean parts. Chemical storage and disposal practices of these former
tenants are unknown.
• Approximately 5 hydraulic lift cylinder mechanisms are present
beneath the concrete slab of the former automotive maintenance
facility at the 2508 South Boulevard parcel. It is possible that
undocumented releases of hydraulic oil may have occurred from these
lift mechanisms.
ERM NC, PC 3 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
2.0 PHASE II ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES
On October 16, 2006, ERM supervised the installation of two direct push
(Geoprobe®) soil borings. Both of the direct push soil borings were
converted to temporary monitor wells for purposes of collecting
groundwater samples and identifying the depth to the water table. One
soil sample (SB-SB-1) and two groundwater samples (SB-GW-1 and SB-
GW-2) were collected and submitted for laboratory analysis.
Soil or groundwater samples were not collected in the immediate vicinity
of the inactive hydraulic lift mechanisms on the 2508 South Boulevard
parcel as part of this Phase II ESA. In accordance with NCDENR policy
subsurface conditions should be evaluated upon removal of these
hydraulic lifts and soil samples should be collected if a hydraulic fluid
release from this equipment to the subsurface is suspected based on visual
observations. If no release is suspected, then confirmation sampling is not
required by NCDENR upon removal of subsurface hydraulic lift
mechanisms.
The direct push soil borings and temporary monitor wells were installed
by Probe Technology, Inc. of Concord, North Carolina, using direct push,
or Geoprobe® drilling and sampling equipment. The direct push
sampling method uses a small truck or all terrain vehicle mounted
hydraulic jack mechanism to drive a 2-inch diameter hollow steel probe
(macro-core) with a polyethylene soil-sampling sleeve into the ground to
the desired depth prior to sampling. Using the macro-core sampler, soil
samples were collected continuously until the target soil sampling depth
was reached or refusal was met. All downhole sampling equipment was
cleaned via a high-temperature/high-pressure water wash (steam cleaner)
before and between each boring.
Soils were logged in the field by an ERM geologist and screened for the
presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via a photo-ionization
detector (PID) and the headspace field screening method. Soil boring logs
and field screening data and can be referenced in Appendix A. Soil
samples intervals for laboratory analyses were chosen based on PID
readings, visual and olfactory observations and the suspected depth of the
potential concern.
Soil boring SB-SB-1 was advanced near the southwestern corner of the
property to assess primarily the potential migration of contamination in
groundwater from the former dry cleaner site and the potential for
contamination in groundwater resulting from the former gasoline service
station operation at the property. A soil sample was collected at
ERM NC, PC 4 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
approximately 2 feet below ground surface. A second boring was
advanced in the northwestern corner of the property to assess primarily
the migration of contamination in groundwater from the former dry
cleaner site and the potential for significant contamination in groundwater
from the former operation of vehicle maintenance facility at the 2508
South Boulevard parcel. No soil sample was collected from this location
based on the absence of suspected sources of potential soil contamination
in this area. In general, the shallow soils at the site were comprised of
clayey silts grading to fine sandy silts at depth.
Soil samples were placed in laboratory-supplied sample containers and
then placed in a cooler with ice for storage and delivery to Prism
Laboratories of Charlotte, North Carolina for analyses. Soil samples
collected from the site were analyzed for volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) by Method 8260 and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)
by Method 8270. ERM and Prism Laboratories adhered to appropriate
chain-of-custody procedures.
Following the completion of soil sample collection, a temporary monitor
well was installed in the SB-SB-1 and SB-SB-2 borings. The temporary
monitor wells were installed at a depth of 30 feet below ground surface in
boring SB-SB-1 and 27 feet in boring SB-SB-2. These depths represent
where the direct push probe encountered saturated soil for groundwater
sampling.
Each temporary monitor well was installed with 1-inch diameter PVC well
screen and riser, filter sand and bentonite seal in general accordance with
North Carolina Well Construction Standards (15A NCAC 2C). Each well
was fitted with locking, expandable well caps. Following construction, all
new monitor wells were developed by purging a minimum of five well
bore volumes from the well utilizing a combination of a new, disposable
bailer and previously decontaminated peristaltic pump. After
development, all monitor wells were sampled using low-flow sampling
methods to minimize turbidity present in the samples and to minimize the
volume of groundwater potentially requiring special handling and
disposal procedures. Prior to purging and sampling, depth-to-
groundwater data were recorded for each monitor well. The top of well
casing elevations were determined by surveying techniques and using a
temporary benchmark located at well SB-GW-2. Monitor well
construction details and groundwater elevation data are presented in
Table 1.
The depth-to-groundwater ranged from 16.6 feet below ground surface in
well SB-GW-1 to 21.8 feet in well SB-GW-2. Based on the ground water
ERM NC, PC 5 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
elevation measurements and local land surface topography, the
groundwater flow direction beneath the subject property appears to be to
the south toward the South Boulevard/Remount Road intersection.
Groundwater samples were collected from each temporary monitor well
and analyzed for VOCs by Method 8260B and SVOCs by Method 8270.
Samples collected from each temporary well were labeled with an
identification of GW, i.e., the sample collected and labeled SB-GW-1 is the
groundwater from the boring labeled SB-SB-1.
ERM NC, PC 6 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
3.0 ASSESSMENT RESULTS
Soil analytical results are summarized in Table 2 and groundwater
analytical results are summarized in Table 3. Sample locations and
analytical results are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 for soil and groundwater,
respectively. Soil boring logs including field screening values are presented
in Appendix A. The laboratory analytical data reports are presented in
Appendix B. For comparison purposes, the soil results are compared to the
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(NCDENR) Division of Water Quality – Aquifer Protection Section’s Soil-to-
Groundwater Cleanup Levels, Division of Waste Management (DWM) UST
Section’s Maximum Soil Contaminant Concentrations (MSCCs) or Division
of Waste Management – Superfund Section Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch
Remediation Goal (IHSB RG) levels. These values are shown in Table 2 of
this report, as applicable. Groundwater analytical results are compared to
the North Carolina Groundwater Standards (NC 15A NCAC 2L 0.0202(g))
which are identified in Table 3.
Soils
Soil sample SB-SB-1 was submitted to the laboratory for VOC and SVOC
analyses. Acetone was detected below all applicable NCDENR
remediation goals. No other detectable concentrations of VOCs or SVOCs
were reported in the soil sample. It should be noted that the borings were
located primarily for groundwater quality screening purposes rather than
to assess soil quality at a potential source area.
Groundwater
The groundwater levels in the temporary monitor wells at the site ranged
from 16.6 feet to 21.8 feet below ground surface. Groundwater samples
collected from the temporary wells were submitted to the laboratory for
VOC and SVOCs analyses. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) was detected in
the SB-GW-1 groundwater sample at 4.3 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The
North Carolina Groundwater Standard for MTBE is 200 µg/L. The
presence of the MTBE in this groundwater sample is attributed to the
previously documented petroleum release from the historical USTs at the
subject property. No other VOCs or SVOCs were detected in the SB-GW-1
and SB-GW-2 groundwater samples. As noted above, no VOCs or SVOCs
were detected in the soil sample collected from the subject property.
ERM NC, PC 7 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
On October 16-20, 2006, ERM conducted a Phase II ESA to evaluate
subsurface conditions at the former gas station and dry cleaner property
located at 2508 and 2522 South Boulevard, Charlotte, Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina. A summary of the findings of the Phase II ESA is
provided below.
One soil sample was collected via direct push methods to evaluate soil
quality at the southwest corner of the 2522 South Boulevard property due
to the former USTs and dry cleaning facility at the subject property. No
VOCs or SVOCs were identified in the soil sample in excess of applicable
NCDENR cleanup levels at this location.
As discussed in Section 1.1, delineation or remediation of the
tetrachloroethene-affected soil at the site has not been completed by the
NCDENR DSCA program. Tetrachloroethene-affected soil may be
present beneath the northeast corner of the subject property as a result of
the release from the former dry cleaning facility. Additionally, low
concentrations of petroleum-affected soil may be present in the vicinity of
the former UST systems at the southern portion of the site. Soil generated
during future construction or grading activities in these areas may require
special handling and disposal.
Two groundwater samples were collected from temporary monitor wells
installed at the western portion of the site. The groundwater flow
direction beneath the site appears to be to the south. No VOCs or SVOCs
were detected in the groundwater samples in excess of the North Carolina
Groundwater Standards. These data indicate that shallow groundwater
contamination associated with releases from the former dry cleaner and
former UST systems at the site appears to be limited to the eastern portion
of the site.
Groundwater at the east side of property is affected with chlorinated
VOCs as a result of the release from the former dry cleaning facility and
with petroleum hydrocarbons as a result of the former UST systems at the
site. Delineation or remediation of the affected groundwater has not been
completed by the NCDENR DSCA program and additional investigation
or remediation at the site may be conducted by NCDENR in the future.
The extent of the petroleum-affected groundwater has been delineated
and the leaking UST incident has been closed by NCDENR based on a
limited risk scenario. No additional investigation or remediation
associated with this leaking UST incident is anticipated. Deed restrictions
placed on the 2522 South Boulevard parcel as a result of the risk-based
closure for the leaking UST incident prevent the installation water supply
wells on the subject property.
ERM NC, PC 8 FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER PHASE II REPORT FINAL.DOC
Figures
Source: Charlotte East, NC 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle; 1988; Contour Interval = 10 feet
Figure
ERM NC, PC
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
REMOUNT ROAD AND SOUTH BOULEVARD
2508 & 2522 SOUTH BOULEVARD
SITE LOCATION MAP
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 mi
SITE
Not To Scale
FIGURE
ERM NC, PC 3CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
SOIL SAMPLE LOCATION & RESULTS
FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER
2508 & 2522 SOUTH BOULEVARD
SB-SB-1 (Depth in Feet) RG
Detected soil contaminant concentrations in mg/kg with
regulatory standards (Maximum Soil Contaminant
Concentrations). Concentrations above regulatory
standards shown in bold font.
SB-SB-1 (2') RG
VOCs
Acetone 0.032 2.81
All Other Compounds ND NE
SVOCs ND NE
Former Fueling
Station
Former Dry
Cleaners
Former Vehicle
Maintenance &
Existing Hydraulic
Lift Systems
Property Line
Soil Sample Location
ND Not Detected
NE Not Established
VOC Plume in
Groundwater
Not To Scale
FIGURE
ERM NC, PC 4CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
GROUNDWATER SAMPLE LOCATIONS & RESULTS
FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER
2508 & 2522 SOUTH BOULEVARD
SB-GW-1 2L STD
VOCs
Methyl t-butyl ether 4.3 200
All other VOCs ND NE
SVOCs ND NE
SB-GW-1 Results Summary 2L STD
Detected groundwater contaminant concentrations in µg/L with
regulatory standards. Concentrations above regulatory
standards shown in bold font.
SB-GW-2 2L STD
VOCs
Methyl t-butyl ether ND 200
All other VOCs ND NE
SVOCs ND NE
Former Fueling
Station
Former Dry
CleanersFormer Vehicle
Maintenance &
Existing Hydraulic
Lift Systems
Property Line
Groundwater Sample Location
ND Not Detected
NE Not Established
VOC Plume in
Groundwater
Tables
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TABLE 2
SOIL SAMPLE ANALYTICAL RESULTS
FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER
2508 AND 2522 SOUTH BOULEVARD
CHARLOTTE, MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Sample
ID Date
Depth
(feet BGS)
A
c
e
t
o
n
e
A
l
l
o
t
h
e
r
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
SB-SB-1 10/16/06 2'-- 0.032 ND ND
IHSP RG 1 2,800 NE NE
2.81 NE NE
1,564 NE NE
40,880 NE NE
2.80 NE NE
Only detected compounds are shown in table
mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram
BGS = Below ground surface
ND - Not Detected at Method Detection Limit
NE = Not established
J - Estimated value between Reporting Limit and Method Detection Limit
1 - NCDENR IHSP RG - Inactive Hazardous Sites Program Remediation Goal
2 - NCDENR Aquifer Protection Section Clean Up Level
3 - NCDENR UST Section Maximum Soil Contaminant Concentration
Results shown in bold exceed RG levels or Soil-Groundwater Cleanup Level, where applicable
VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
Method 8260 (mg/kg)
S
E
M
I
V
O
L
A
T
I
L
E
O
R
G
A
N
I
C
C
O
M
P
O
U
N
D
S
M
e
t
h
o
d
8
2
7
0
(
m
g
/
k
g
)
UST Section MSCC Industrial / Commercial 3
UST Section MSCC Soil to Groundwater 3
Soil-Groundwater Cleanup Level 2
UST Section MSCC Residential 3
F
i
e
l
d
S
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
g
V
o
l
a
t
i
l
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
c
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
-
p
p
m
(
P
I
D
)
TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER SAMPLING RESULTS
FORMER GAS STATION AND DRY CLEANER
2508 AND 2522 SOUTH BOULEVARD
CHARLOTTE, MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Sample
ID Date
SB-GW-1 10/19/06 4.3 ND ND
SB-GW-2 10/19/06 ND ND ND
NC Groundwater 2L Standard 200 NE NE
Only detected compounds are shown in table
µg/L = Micrograms per liter
BGS = Below ground surface
ND - Not Detected at Method Detection Limit
NE = Not established
J - Estimated value between Reporting Limit and Method Detection Limit
Results shown in bold exceed NC groundwater standards.
A
l
l
O
t
h
e
r
C
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
M
e
t
h
y
l
t
-
b
u
t
y
l
e
t
h
e
r
VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
by EPA 8260B (µg/L)
S
E
M
I
V
O
L
A
T
I
L
E
O
R
G
A
N
I
C
C
O
M
P
O
U
N
D
S
M
e
t
h
o
d
8
2
7
0
(
µ
g
/
L
)
Appendix A
Soil Boring Logs
Stratigraphy Legend Abbreviations
Asphalt/Gravel HA - Hand auger
silty CLAY GP - Geoprobe
clayey SILT TD - Total Depth of Boring
silty SAND BGS - Below Ground Surface
clayey SAND DTW- Depth to Water
sandy SILT - Designates location of soil sample for lab analysis
CLAY
SILT
Water table level Logged by:Thomas Fisher - ERM
Boring I.D.
Depth
Interval
(feet)
VOCs
(ppm)Gr
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Sample Description
SB-SB-1 0-1 20.6 Asphalt and Gravel
10/16/2006 1-6 148 Red CLAY
0-4' HA 59.2
4'-30' GP 6-8 80.1 Reddish orange clayey SILT; micaceous and some weathered manganese
8-17 79.6 Tan fine sandy SILT
Screen 77.8
Interval 27.4
20'-30'29.4
17-24 88.1 Lt Tan to white fine sandy SILT slighly moist
101
73.7
135
24-30 113 Brown fine sandy SILT saprolite, saturated at 26'.
72.2
134
Boring terminated at 30' BGS and the well installed at 30' BGS.
DTW = 18.71' on October 18, 2006.
SB-SB-2 0-1 <1 Asphalt/gravel
10/16/2006 1'-14'<1 Red CLAY
0-4' HA <1
4'-24' BGS <1
<1
<1
<1
14'-17'<1 Reddish orange clayey SILT with weathered manganese slightly micaceous.
<1
17'-23'<1 Yellowish orange SILT with some clay, micaceous, weathered manganese layers
Screen <1 slightly moist
Interval 23-30 <1 Yellowish tan fine sandy SILT with weathered manganese layers.
17'-27' <1
Boring terminated at 30' BGS and the well installed at 27' BGS.
DTW = 20.55 on October 18, 2006.
SOIL BORING LOGS - 2508 & 2522 South Blvd., Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
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SB boring.xls:Boring Log Page 1 of 1 1/16/2007
Appendix B
Laboratory Analytical Data Sheets
Full Servlee Analytlcal & Environmental SoluUans
ERM NC, PC
Attn: Jennifer Glien
Suite 200
8000 Corporate Center Drive
Charlotte, NC 28226
NC Certification No. 402
SC Certification No. 99012
NC Drtnking Water Cert. No. 37735
Project ID: S. Blvd.
Level II QC Report
10/30/2006
COC Group Number: G1006527
Date!Time Submitted: 10/19/200612:50
This report should not be reproduced, except in its entirety, without the written consent of Prism Laboratories, Inc.
449 Springbrook Road -P .0. Box 240543 -Charlotte, NC 28224-0543
Phone: 704/529-6364 -Toll Free Number: 1-800/529-6364 -Fax: 704/525·0409 Page 3 of 5