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SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS/
WORK PLAN
500 WEST 5TH STREET (GMAC TOWERS)
601 WEST 4TH STREET (PARKING GARAGE/SURFACE PARKING)
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
May 16, 2016
Partner Project Number 114-131345.5
Prepared For:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY
Brownfields Program
On Behalf of:
GRUBB PROPERTIES, INC.
c/o Mr. William Toole
Robinson Bradshaw and Hinson
101 North Tryon Street, Suite 1900
Charlotte, North Carolina 28202
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Project Contact Information ............................................................................................ 1
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Site Description ................................................................................................................. 1
2.2 Project History ................................................................................................................... 1
2.3 Schedule ............................................................................................................................ 3
3.0 FIELD SAMPLING PLAN ................................................................................................................. 3
4.0 SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 7
4.1 Chain-of-Custody ............................................................................................................. 7
5.0 DATA VALIDATION ........................................................................................................................ 8
6.0 REPORTING..................................................................................................................................... 9
Figures: 1 Site Vicinity Map
2 Proposed Soil Boring/Monitoring Well Locations
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Partner Engineering North Carolina, PLLC (Partner) was retained by Grubb Properties, Inc., to prepare this
Sampling and Analysis Plan Work Plan for the properties located at 500 West 5th Street and 601 West 4th
Street in Winston-Salem, North Carolina (subject property) for submittal to the North Carolina Department
of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) Brownfields Program.
1.1 Purpose
The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) Brownfields Program has requested
additional investigation of the subject property in order to evaluate several areas of concern (AOCs). This
scope of work has been designed to satisfy that request.
1.2 Project Contact Information
Please see Table 1 below for a summary of pertinent contact information for this project.
Table 1: Contact Information
Subject Property Client Consultant
500 West 5th Street
601 West 4th Street
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Grubb Properties, Inc.
c/o Mr. William Toole
Robinson Bradshaw and Hinson
Charlotte, North Carolina
Telephone: (704) 377-8360
Partner Engineering North Carolina, PLLC
8000 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 104
Charlotte, North Carolina
Contact: Michael Chang
Telephone: (704) 994-8423
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.1 Site Description
The subject property is located on the east and west sides of Poplar Street Northwest, between West 5th
street (to the north) and 4th Street Northwest (to the south) in a mixed commercial/retail/residential area of
downtown Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The parcels on the east side of Poplar Street Northwest (500
West 5th Street) are currently developed with a vacant office building, the south tower of which was
constructed in 1951 and the north tower of which was constructed in 1980. The parcels on the west side of
Poplar Street Northwest are currently developed with a surface parking lot and the Fourth Street Parking
Deck (601 4th Street Northwest), which was constructed in 1992.
2.2 Project History
Partner completed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Report (Phase I) for the 500 West 5th Street
portion of the subject property, dated January 8, 2015, on behalf of Grubb Properties, Inc. As documented
in the Phase I, the subject property was developed with residential dwellings as early as 1885; developed
with residences and a church between 1885 and at least 1917; developed with residential and commercial
structures from as early as 1917 to at least 1969, and developed with the current three structures in 1950,
1980, and 1999 for the South Tower, North Tower, and Emergency Generator Building, respectively. Tenants
on the subject property have included a filling station (at least 1950 to at least 1957), Integon Insurance (at
least 1987 to at least 2008) and GMAC Insurance (at least 2008 to 2013).
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 2
According to the Phase I, the subject property is equipped with one 2,000-gallon diesel fuel UST on its east
side between the north and south tower. The 2,000-gallon UST was installed in 2005 and is constructed of
steel-clad fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP). The diesel UST provides fuel for the North Tower emergency
generator. Based on the age of the tank and limited additional information regarding construction and
potential leakage, the Phase I identified the diesel fuel UST as a recognized environmental condition (REC).
Historical Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps dated 1950 and 1957 depicted a filling station with four tanks
located on the southwest corner of the subject property. There was no regulatory record of the filling
station or any related environmental investigation. Further, information regarding a monitoring well located
on the southwest portion of the subject property (in the area of the former fill station), associated with the
adjoining western property groundwater investigation (Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Incident
#8943), indicated naphthalene and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were detected in groundwater at the subject
property. The historical use of the subject property as a gasoline filling station, and the potentially
associated groundwater impacts previously identified on site were considered RECs that warranted further
investigation.
The Phase I also identified a 2,000-gallon waste oil UST, designed to contain transformer oil in the event of
a rupture of on-site transformers, that has been located on the east side of the subject property since
approximately 1980. Since this tank is used solely for emergency purposes and is otherwise empty, the
waste oil UST was considered a de minimis environmental concern. A 12,000-gallon diesel UST, which fuels
the emergency generator for the South Tower, was observed in the south parking lot. This UST was the
subject of recent inspections, which did not reveal any leaks, and therefore was not considered a REC.
Aside from the three current USTs, two former USTs were also identified. A former 10,000-gallon diesel UST
has been closed in-place on the west side of the subject property, and a former 2,000-gallon diesel UST was
removed when the current 2,000-gallon diesel UST replaced it on the east side of the subject property. Both
of these USTs were the subjects of previous investigations that revealed soil impacts. The resultant UST
Section incidents were closed with a Notice of Residual Petroleum, and were considered a controlled
recognized environmental condition (CREC).
Partner conducted a Phase II Subsurface Investigation at the subject property in February, 2015 to
investigate the potential impact of petroleum hydrocarbons as a consequence of a release or releases from
the 2,000-gallon diesel UST and the former filling station. The scope of the Phase II Subsurface Investigation
included UST tightness testing, a geophysical survey, and the advancement of four soil borings. Four soil
samples were analyzed for TPH-GRO.
The 2,000-gallon diesel UST and associated subsurface product and return lines passed tightness testing,
indicating that they had not leaked.
The geophysical survey did not identify the presence of USTs and/or excavations and/or anomalies in the
former filing station area.
Field screening of soil borings did not indicate the presence of a petroleum or VOC release; further, THP-
GRO was not detected in any of the soil borings.
Based on the results of the Subsurface Investigation, there was no evidence of a release from the 2,000-
gallon diesel UST or from the former filling station, and Partner recommended no further investigation with
respect to those features.
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 3
2.3 Schedule
Partner anticipates initiating field activities within two weeks of NCDEQ approval of the Sampling and
Analysis Work Plan. Field activities are expected to take three to four days. The Phase II Subsurface
Investigation Report documenting the field activities and findings will be submitted to the NCDEQ within
thirty days after completion of the activities documented herein. Based on the anticipated time for
NCDEQ review and approval of the Sampling and Analysis Work Plan, field activities are anticipated to be
initiated in the first half of June 2016.
3.0 FIELD SAMPLING PLAN
The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) Brownfields Section has requested
additional investigation of the subject property, the 4th Street Parking Ramp adjacent to the west across
Poplar Street Northwest, and the surface parking lot adjacent to the west across Poplar Street Northwest
prior to redevelopment. Based on conversations with Sharon Eckard of Brownfields Section, this scope of
work has been designed to satisfy that request.
The investigation scope will include a completion of a Brownfields Program Receptor Survey, completion of
a Site-Specific Environmental Management Plan for the subject property, geophysical survey, the
advancement of eight soil borings to facilitate the collection and analysis of soil gas samples, the
advancement of 10 soil borings to facilitate the collection and analysis of soil samples, and the installation
of nine temporary sub-slab vapor points to facilitate the collection of sub-slab soil gas samples. Sampling
will address four areas of concern (AOCs): the north and south tower basements, the parking garage retail
spaces, the north surface lot and the south surface lot.
Samples will be collected in each AOC as indicated in the following schedule:
Area of Concern Number of
Borings
Terminal Depth
(ft bgs) Matrix Sample Depths
(ft bgs)
North and South
Tower Basements 4 – Vapor Points Beneath slab Sub-Slab Soil Gas Beneath slab
4th Street Parking
Ramp Retail Space 5 – Vapor Points Beneath slab Sub-Slab Soil Gas Beneath slab
North Surface Lot 4 – Soil
4 – Soil Gas
10 - Soil
10 – Soil Gas
Soil
Soil Gas
1, 5, 10
1
South Surface Lot 6 – Soil
4 – Soil Gas
10 - Soil
10 – Soil Gas
Soil
Soil Gas
1, 5, 10
1
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 4
Samples will be analyzed according to the following schedule:
Area of Concern Samples for
Analysis Matrix Constituent of
Concern
Method of
Analyses
North and South
Tower Basements 4 Sub-Slab Soil Gas VOCs TO-15
4th Street Parking
Ramp Retail Space 1 Sub-Slab Soil Gas VOCs TO-15
North Surface Lot 12 Soil
VOCs
SVOCs
RCRA 8 Metals
8260
8270
6010/7471
4 Soil Gas VOCs TO-15
South Surface Lot 18 Soil
VOCs
SVOCs
RCRA 8 Metals
8260
8270
6010/7471
4 Soil Gas VOCs TO-15
3.1 Health and Safety Plan (HASP)
Partner will prepare a project-specific Health & Safety Plan (HASP). The purpose of the HASP is to minimize
the likelihood of exposure of employees to hazardous concentrations of chemicals during field activities,
minimize impacts to the environment, and provide guidelines for subcontractors. All field personnel will be
required to complete the 40-hour Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazardous Waste
and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) training prior to fieldwork. All personnel will maintain all safety
standards as required for OSHA Level D (i.e., PPE to include hard hat, gloves, steel toe boots, and safety
glasses) for the performance of the soil sampling fieldwork. Under circumstances where potential airborne
exposure is possible, respiratory protective equipment may be required based on personal air monitoring
results. Upgrades to Level C will be coordinated with the Site Safety and Health Officer (SSHO).
3.2 Utility Mark Out
Proposed soil boring locations will be marked, labeled, and flagged prior to drilling. Partner will contact
the local and state utility clearance companies (NC811) at least 72 hours prior to initiating the drilling
activities. Additionally, Partner will subcontract a private utility locating contractor to survey planned boring
locations as an additional measure to protect subsurface features during drilling.
3.3 Sampling Activities
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 5
To evaluate soil likely to be disturbed during construction activities, Partner will contract with a North
Carolina licensed drilling contractor to advance up to 18 borings to terminal depth of 10 feet bgs within the
north and south surface lots. The proposed soil boring locations are indicated on the Proposed Sample
Location Map included as Figure 1. These locations are approximate and final locations will be chosen in
the field based on site conditions, utilities, etc.
3.3.1 Sample Designation
Soil samples will be designated as BX-XX. The first part of the designation (B) identifies the sample as a soil
sample. The second part of the designation identifies the boring number. The third part of the designation
identifies the depth bgs from which the sample was collected.
Soil gas samples will be designated SGX-XX. The first part of the designation (SG) identifies the sample as
a soil gas sample. The second part of the designation identifies the boring number. The third part of the
designation identifies the depth bgs from which the sample was collected.
Sub-slab soil gas samples will be designated SSX. The first part of the designation (SS) identifies the sample
as a Sub-slab sample. The second part of the designation identifies the sample number.
3.3.2 Soil Sampling Equipment/Methodology
The soil samples will be installed using a direct-push drill rig to a terminal depth approximately ten feet bgs.
Soil samples will be collected continuously to the terminal depth using a four-foot long by 2.25-inch
diameter MacroCore sampler with a four-foot long polyvinyl chloride (PVC) liner, which will be advanced by
the direct-push drill rig using four-foot long by 1.5-inch diameter drill rods. The sampler will be driven into
the subsurface to allow undisturbed soil to enter the open MacroCore barrel and retrieved in four-foot
intervals to recover the soil-filled liners.
A lengthwise section of each PVC liner will be removed with a splitting tool to expose the soil, which will be
screened in the field for volatile organic vapor concentrations with a photoionization detector (PID)
calibrated to isobutylene. In addition, soil samples will be logged in accordance with the Unified Soil
Classification System (USCS). The field data will be used for the completion of soil boring logs. A sample
will be collected from each boring at depths of one, five, and 10 feet bgs, although sampling depths may
be modified based on PID readings or field observations.
Soil depths selected for laboratory analysis will be sampled directly from the liners using a disposable plastic
syringe and retained in volatile organics analysis (VOA) vials in accordance with United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Method 5035 sampling protocol, and in additional sample jars provided by the
laboratory. The jars and VOA vials will be labeled for identification and stored in an iced cooler. The soil
samples will be submitted under proper chain-of-custody protocol to a North Carolina licensed/accredited
laboratory for analysis of VOCs by EPA Method 8260, SVOCs by EPA Method 8270, and RCRA 8 Metals by
EPA Method 6010/7471.
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 6
Sampling equipment will be decontaminated prior to and between preparation of each soil boring. The
equipment will be washed with a phosphate-free laboratory-grade detergent such as Alconox®, followed
by a tap-water rinse after each sample is collected. Sampling equipment will be used immediately following
decontamination procedures.
Following soil sampling activities, each of the borings will be backfilled in accordance with state regulations
and finished with a concrete plug or asphalt patch, as necessary. It is not expected that significant amounts
of derived waste are expected to be produced during this investigation.
3.3.3 Soil Gas Sampling Equipment/Methodology
Soil gas probes will constructed at a depth of 10 feet bgs within selected boreholes upon completion of soil
sampling. A dedicated stainless steel soil gas sampling tip will be installed at the base of the boreholes, and
a new section of ¼-inch diameter teflon tubing will be inserted into the sampling tip. Sand will be poured
into the boring annulus to form an approximately one-foot long sand pack around the sampling tip.
Approximately one foot of dry, granular bentonite will be placed atop the sand pack and the remainder of
the borehole will be backfilled with hydrated bentonite to the ground surface to form a seal. The sampling
end of the tubing will be fitted with a stainless steel swagelock fitting.
Soil gas samples will be collected using 1.4-liter, stainless-steel, cylindrical SUMMA canisters subjected by
the laboratory to a rigorous cleaning process using a combination of dilution, heat, and high vacuum. After
cleaning, the canisters will be batch certified to be free of target contaminants to a specified reporting limit
via gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy prior to delivery.
The unused SUMMA canisters will be evacuated to approximately 30 inches of mercury and fitted with
stainless-steel flow controllers, calibrated to maintain constant flow (approximately 0.1 liter per minute) for
approximately five to 10 minutes of sampling time.
Prior to sampling, the sample tubing will be purged of ambient air using a vacuum pump. Once the purge
is complete, the swagelock on the tubing will be fitted to the sampling canister and the port valve opened,
causing air to enter the sample container due to the pressure differential. Partner will close the valves after
the canister is evacuated to approximately one to two inches of mercury, with pertinent data (e.g., time,
canister vacuum) recorded at the start and end of sampling.
The soil gas samples will be submitted under proper chain-of-custody protocol to a North Carolina
licensed/accredited laboratory for analysis of VOCs by EPA Method TO-15.
3.3.4 Sub-Slab Soil Gas Sampling Equipment/Methodology
Partner will install temporary Sub-slab soil vapor sampling points consisting of pre-fabricated stainless steel
Vapor Pins equipped with a silicone sleeve, which will be manually inserted into a 5/8-inch diameter hole
drilled through the concrete slab of the subject property building using a rotary hammer drill. A water dam
will be constructed around the vapor point using VOC-free modeling clay, to ensure a tight seal between
the silicone sleeve and concrete slab. Teflon tubing fitted with a stainless steel swagelock fitting will be
attached to the Vapor Pins.
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 7
Sub-slab soil gas samples will be collected using 1.4-liter, stainless-steel, cylindrical SUMMA canisters
subjected by the laboratory to a rigorous cleaning process using a combination of dilution, heat, and high
vacuum. After cleaning, the canisters will be batch certified to be free of target contaminants to a specified
reporting limit via gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy prior to delivery.
The unused SUMMA canisters will be evacuated to approximately 30 inches of mercury and fitted with
stainless-steel flow controllers, calibrated to maintain constant flow (approximately 0.1 liter per minute) for
approximately five to 10 minutes of sampling time.
Prior to sampling, the sample tubing will be purged of ambient air using a vacuum pump. Once the purge
is complete, the swagelock on the tubing will be fitted to the sampling canister and the port valve opened,
causing air to enter the sample container due to the pressure differential. Partner will close the valves after
the canister is evacuated to approximately one to two inches of mercury, with pertinent data (e.g., time,
canister vacuum) recorded at the start and end of sampling.
The sub-slab soil gas samples will be submitted under proper chain-of-custody protocol to a North Carolina
licensed/accredited laboratory for analysis of VOCs by EPA Method TO-15.
4.0 SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY REQUIREMENTS
Sample containers provided by the laboratory will be analyte free or demonstrated to not contain
contaminants for the analytes being evaluated. All samples will be packaged so they do not leak, break,
vaporize, or cause cross-contamination of other samples. Each individual sample will be properly labeled
and identified as documented above. All samples will be transported in a cooler to the laboratory for
analysis. The cooler will have a signed and dated chain-of-custody seal taped across the lid to allow the
laboratory to verify that sample integrity was maintained during shipping. A chain-of-custody record will
accompany each shipping container. Samples will be kept cool during the time between collection and final
packaging. All samples will be clearly identified immediately upon collection. Each sample bottle label and
chain-of-custody will include the following information:
Client or project name, or unique identifier, if confidential
A unique sample description (as documented above)
Sample collection date and time
Sampler’s name or initials
Indication of filtering or addition of preservative, if applicable
Analyses to be performed
After collection and identification, the samples will be maintained under chain-of-custody procedures as
described below.
4.1 Chain-of-Custody
A sample is considered to be under custody if it is in one’s possession, view, or in a designated secure area.
The chain-of-custody record will include, at a minimum, the following information:
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 8
Client or project name, or unique identifier, if confidential
Sample collector’s name
Partner’s mailing address and telephone number
Designated recipient of data (name and telephone number)
Analytical laboratory’s name and city
Description of each sample (i.e., unique identifier and matrix)
Date and time of collection
Quantity of each sample or number of containers
Type of analysis required
Additional information may include type of sample containers, shipping identification air bill numbers, etc.
When transferring custody, both the individual(s) relinquishing custody of samples and the individual(s)
receiving custody of samples will sign, date, and note the time on the form. If samples are to leave the
collector’s possession for shipment to the laboratory, the subsequent packaging procedures will be
followed.
4.2 Sample Shipment
To prepare a cooler for shipment, the sample bottles will be inventoried and logged on the chain-of-custody
form. At least one layer of protective material (e.g., bubble wrap, matting, plastic gridding, or similar
material) will be placed in the bottom of the container to prevent samples from breaking. A heavy-duty
plastic bag, if available, will be placed in the shipping container to act as an inner container. As each sample
bottle is logged on the chain-of-custody form, it will be wrapped with protective material to prevent
breakage. The protective material will be secured with tape. The sample will then be placed in a zip-lock
type bag. Each sample bottle will be placed upright in the heavy-duty plastic bag inside the shipping
container. Each sample bottle cap will be checked during wrapping and tightened, if needed. Additional
packaging material should be spread throughout the voids between the sample bottles, if necessary.
Most samples require refrigeration as a minimum preservative. To ensure that samples are received by the
laboratory within required temperature limits, ice cubes will be placed directly over packed samples, making
sure that ice is present on all sides of each sample.
5.0 DATA VALIDATION
All sampling, analyses, and decontamination procedures will be performed in accordance with U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NCDEQ approved methodology.
Analytical data QA/QC review will be performed on all laboratory data to validate a high level of precision,
accuracy, and completeness. The QA/QC review will include assessment of data according to the
appropriate data validation techniques presented in the USEPA Contract Laboratory Program document
National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review (US EPA, 2002) as they apply to the reported
methodology.
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 9
The Laboratory QA activities will include all processes and procedures that have been designed to ensure
that data generated by an analytical laboratory are of high quality, and that any problems in sample
preparation or analysis that may occur in the laboratory are quickly identified and rectified. Partner will
only be involved with laboratory QA through their collection of field QC samples that will be prepared and
processed in the same manner as all field samples.
6.0 REPORTING
A summary of all field activities and analytical results will be summarized in a report which will include but
not be limited to site maps, boring logs, photographic documentation, analytical data tables, and a summary
of data validation and data quality.
Signatures of Environmental Professionals
Thank you for the opportunity to be of service. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact
Michael Chang at (704) 994-8423.
Sincerely,
Michael McKenna Michael T. Chang
Project Manager Principal
Sampling and Analysis Work Plan
500 West 5th Street
601 4th Street Northwest
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
Partner Project Number 14-131345.5
April 18, 2016
Page 10
Figures
FIGURE 1: SITE LOCATION MAP
Project No. 14-131345.1
KEY:
Subject Site
KEY:
Subject Property
South Tower
Parking Garage
Surface Parking
North Tower
Parking Garage Retail
Tank 2 – 10,000 gallon heating oil - closed in place
Tank 1 – 12,000 gallon
diesel UST - active
Tank 3 &5
3 – 2,000-gallon gasoline – removed
from ground
5 – 2,000-gallon diesel – active
Tank 4 – 2,000 gallon containment - active
Former Good Year
Former Waste Oil Tank
Soil Sample Soil and Soil Gas Sample
Sub-slab Soil Gas Sample
Former Filling
Station
FIGURE 2: PROPOSED SAMPLE LOCATIONS – BROWNFIELDS INVESTIGATION
Project No. 14-131345.5