20028_Alcatel Facility_Phase II RFI 1998

mlANGLE
ENVIRONMENTAL
-,..INC
I::,Ie'P
A I ('«-1 e I IV dvJo'",
!J(0 003 ISS :;138 Raleigh,NC
919-828-3150
Charlolte,NC
704-529·5551
Wilmington,NC
910-392-1747
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I
November 27,1998
Mr.Thomas J.Walker
Hazardous Waste Section
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
401 Oberlin Road,Suite 150
Raleigh,North Carolina 27605
Reference:Phase II RFI Report
Akarel Network Systcms,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
NCD 003 185238
Triangle Project NQ 01-003-0209
Dear Mr.Walker:
Triangle Environmental,Inc.(Triangle),on behalf of Akatel Network Systems,Inc.is
pleased to submit three copies of the Phase II RCRA FaCility Investigation report.The work
was performed following review and approval of the Phase II RCRA Facility Investigation
Work Plan for the Akatel Network Systcms,Inc.facility in Raleigh,North Carolina.
If you have any questions please contact me at [phone],ext.23.
Sinccrely,
TRIANGLE ENVIRON~EN~,INC.
#/At4t~
Michael H.Haseltine,L.G.
Project Geologist
MHH/kf
enclosures
cc:Dikran Kabbendjian -Aleatel Network Systems,Inc.
295-A N.Green Meadows Or.Wilmington,NC 28405 910-392-1747
Prepared for:
ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,North Carolina 27609
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PHASE II RCRA FACILITY INVESTIGATION
ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
2912 WAKE FOREST ROAD
RALEIGH,NORTH CAROLINA 27609 /,\'2-3456,,&
NCD 003 185 238 ~~~B,>O~
Rj ""-:,~t.t 'Ne6 WThF-ece~~:it(-\~~_itt~';III"~-0'~C'~('"~C'?;:1<:01.6"y;
Prepared by:
TRIANGLE ENVIRONMENTAL,INC.
295-A North Green Meadows Drive
Wilmington,North Carolina 28411
November 1998
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CERTIFICATION OF PHASE II RCRA FACILITY
INVESTIGATION
ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
2912 WAKE FOREST ROAD
RALEIGH,NORTH CAROLINA
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information submitted.Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system,or those persons directly responsible for gathering the
information.the information submitted is.to the best of my knowledge and belief,true,
accurate,and complete.I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false
information including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Signature:
•TABLE OF CONTENTS
SE.GIIQ1"!PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
11 Background Information
11 Fa<:ility Location and Use 1
1.1.2 Environmental Assessment/Remediation History 2
1.1.2.1 Description of Areas of Concern 2
1.1.2.2 Further Invesrigarions 6
1.1.2.3 RCRA Facility Investigation for AOC #1 and #2 8
1.1.2.4 Interim Corrective Actions 11
1.2 Regional Environmental Setting 13
1.2.1 Surrounding Land Usage 13
1.2.2 Demographics 13
1.2.3 Regional Climatology 13'.1.24 Regional Hydrology and Surface Water Usage 14
1.2.5 Regional Geology and Hydrogeology 14
1.2.6 Ground Water Usage 15
1.3 Local Environmental Setting 16
1.3.1 Topography and Hydrology 16
132 Geology and Hydrogeology 17
2.0 INVESTIGATION OBJECTIVES 19
3.0 INVESTIGATION RESULTS 20
3.1 Assessment of VOC Source 20
3.2 Assessment of Background Ground Water 23
3.3 Assessment of Background Copper and Lead 23
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•TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SECIH2J"o!PAGE
3.3.1 Statistical Analysis 24
3.3.11 Background 24
33.1.2 Data Selection 26
3.31.3 Distributional Characteristics 26
3.314 Homogeneity of Variance 27
331.5 Selection of the Appropriate Statistical Method 27
3.4 Vertical Extent of Contamination 29
3.4.I Bedrock Investigations 29
3.4.2 Fracture Zones 31
3.4.3 Ground Water Elevation and Sampling 32
35 Horizontal Extent of Contamination 32
35.1 Geoprobe Inv~stigation 33
3.5.2 Monitoring Well Installation 34•353 Off·Site Facilities 35
35.4 Survey 36
3.6 Natural Attenuation Evaluation 37
3.6.I Background 38
3.6.2 Transformationof the Target Compounds 39
3.6.2.1 Daughter Products 40
3.6.2.2 Indicators of Biodegradation 41
3.6.3 Natural Attenuation Screening and Evaluation 42
3.6.3.1 Investigation 42
3.6.3.2 Results 43
3.633 Parent and Daughter Contaminant Distributions 45
363.4 Degradation Rates 46
3.635 Former Solid Waste Disposal Site 48
3.7 Ground Water Potentiometric Surfaces 50•
•TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SE.CIlill'f
4.0 CONCLUSIONS
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
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FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 5
fIGURE 6
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 8
rIGURE 9
FIGURE 10
LOCATION MAP
SITE MAP
SOURCE AREA SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
BACKGROUND VOC'S AND METALS,AND OFFSITE
GEOPROBE LOCATIONS
LOCATION OF FORMER SOLID WASTE DiSPOSAL FACILITY
AREAL EXTENT OF PCE PLUME
AREAL EXTENT OF TCE PLUME
AREAL EXTENT OF TCA PLUME
AREAL EXTENT OF DeE PLUME
AREAL EXTENT OF DCA PLUME
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FIGURE II
FIGURE 12
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
GROUND WATER POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE OF
UNCONSOLIDATED AQUIFER
GROUND WATER POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE OF
BEDROCK AQUIFER
FIELD SCREENING AND LABORATORY RESULTS OF SOIL
SAMPLES COLLECTED AT SOURCE AREA
COPPER AND LEAD CONCENTRATIONS FROM SOURCE AND
BACKGROUND AREAS
RESULTS OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BACKGROUND AND
SOURCE AREA COPPER AND LEAD CONCENTRATIONS
RESULTS OF OFF-SITE GEOPROBE INVESTIGATION
SUMMARY OF DAUGHTER PRODUCTS AND HALF"LIVES
NATURAL ATTENUATION SCREENING RESULTS
NATURAL ATTENUATION RANKING
COMPARISON OF DECAY RATE AND TRACER ATTENUATION
RATES
GROUND WAIER ELEVATrONS
LIST OF APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
APPENDIX H
LOCATION OF AREAS OF CONCERN
WELL COMPLETION FOR.fv1 (GW-l)AND SELECTED BORING
LOGS
SAMPLE METHODOLOGIES
LABORATORY REPORTS
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BACKGROUND AND SOURCE
AREA COPPER AND LEAD
OCCURRENCE OF BEDROCK FRACTURES
DRAFT EPA REGION 4 SUGGESTED PRACTICES FOR
EVALUATION OF A SITE FOR NATURAL ATTENUATION OF
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS AND DEGRADATION RATE
CALCULATIONS
EVIDENCE OF THE FORMER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE
EXECUTIVE SUiVIMARY•This Phase II RCRA Facility Investigation report is submitted in accordance with Condition
II.E of the Hazardous Waste Management Permit which became effective June 3,1994 for the
ALCATEL Network System,Inc.facility (ALCATEL)located in Raleigh,North Carolina.
The work described in this report was conducted following the Phase II RCRA Facility
!nwsligation Wurk Plan,dated October 1997.Approval of the work plan was provided in
correspondence from Hazardous Waste Section,dated February 13,1998.The objectives of
the work plan were to identify and implement additional assessment tasks not performed
during previous investigative activities.These tasks included continuation of the assessment of
the solvent source area;determination of the vertical and horizontal extent of the solvent
contamination;determination of background soil Copper and Lead concentrations;and
refinement of the ground water potentiometric surfaces through the incorporation of off-site
monitoring wells.•Additional objectives not specifIed in the work plan but approved by the Hazardous Waste
Sedion included:1)Determination of the presence or absence of contaminants in the ground
water located up-gradient of the suspected source area;and 2)Investigation of the conditions
of the water quality parameters within the plume and in the vicinity for evaluation of natural
attenuation.
Additional source area investigations included the installation of two bedrock monitoring
wells,MW·13d and MW-14d,the advancement of a Geoprobe boring,and reevaluation of
previous soil investigations.Results of this investigation did not reveal an existing soil source.
In addition,Dense-Pb,lSt;Non-Aqueous Liquids (DNAPLs)were not encountered.
The vertical and horizontal extent of the contamination within the unconsolidated aquifer was
defined through the installation of the down-gradient monitoring well,MW-15s,and numerous
•uown··gradient Gcoprobc borings.However,the vertical extent of'the contamination has not
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b<;en completely defined.Laboratory results from the down,gradient well,MW-15d,and the
de<;p bcdrock monitoring well,MW-4dd.revealed the presence of target compounds.A
packer test was attcmpted during construction of MW-4dd to isolate and identify the
contaminated fracture zones.Unfortunately,the well did not produce sufficient water below
55 feet to conduct the testing.
A much greater understanding of the area's ground water flow was provided following the
incorporation of eight off-site monitoring wells.As anticipated,regional hydraulic gradient is
toward the Crabtree Creek.The ground water elevation data may be applied to future fate and
transport modeling requirements.
Up-gradient Copper and Lead soil concentrations were determined through sample collection
amI lal)oratory analysis.A statistical analysis revealed that there was no evidence of
~ontaminationin comparison of up-gradient Copper and Lead soil concentrations to those
concentrations within thc "source areas."
The natural attenuation evaluation was conducted in accordance with the recently completed
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's Directive and associated guidance documents.Field
measurements and laboratory analyses revealed evidence of both biotic and abiotic
degradation.In addition,the presence of 1,1.1-Trichloroethane;I ,1-Di~hloroethane;1.1-
Dichloroethane;and 1.2-Dichloroethane may be the result of the transformation of the two
parent compounds,Tetrachloroethane.and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
During the investigations for this report.a former solid waste disposal facility was
enwuntered.Results of field scrcening ground water samples collected indicated anaerobic
sunsurt:1ce conditions.A common solvent degradation end prodUct,vinyl chloride,was also
detecred.Consequently.subsurface conditions at the former landfill may be suitable for the
reductive dehalogenation of solvents.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to summarize the findings of the Phase II RCRA Facility
Investigation (RFI)work.as proposed in the Phase !Iliff Work Plan.
1.1 Background Infol'mation
The ALCATEL facility is located at 2912 Wake Forest Road in the City of Raleigh,
Wake County,North Carolina.The facility is located in an industrial-zoned area near
the intersection of Wake Forest Road and the Raleigh Belt-Line (1-440)(Figure I).
The facility is situated on a 24-acre site consisting of a 234,000 fr main building,
storage and maintenance buildings,security buildings,parking lots,and landscaped
"natural"areas.The main building is now used for business administration and
research and development The site layout is shown in Figure 2.
1.1.1 Facility Location and Use
The Kellogg Corporation,a division of ITT,began operation of the facility in
1958.At that time,the facility produced electronic and telecommunications
equipment.In 1987,ALCATEL Network Systems Corporation bought the
facility.Electroplating operations were conducted at the facility as part of
printed circuit board manufacture until 1990.
During the time that the facility conducted manufacturing processes,a
wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)was in operation at the site.The WWTP
treated 300,000 to 400,000 gallons of wastewater per day.The waste was
generated from several sources including the printed circuit board
manufacturing area,the non·contact cooling/heating water,the compressor
drainage water,and the cooling tower water.Treated effluent generated by the
WWTP was discharged to the City of Raleigh publicly owned treatment works
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(POTW).Processes that generated hazardous waste at the facility ceased in
1990 when the electroplating operations at the facility ended.(RCRA Facility
investigation for area ofconcern (AOe)#1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994).
1.1.2 Environmental Assessment/Remediation History
During the construction of a storm water management system in 1989,
contaminated soil was discovered in three areas along the alleyway on the North
side of the facility.A fourth area was discovered in 1990 at"ter printed circuit
board manufacturing processes were terminated.Preliminary investigations
were conducted immediately following the discovery of the contaminated soil.
Four areas of concern were identified.The investigations included the
installation of twelve monitoring wells,a soil gas survey,twenty-five soil
borings,and the excavation and disposal of contaminated soil.The reader
should reference the RCRA Facility Investigation for AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,
dated October 1994,for specific derails regarding these preliminary subsurface
investigations of AOC #1 and AOC #2.The RFI Work Plan,approved by the
Hazardous Waste Section in a letter dated July 14,1995,focused on AGC #2
(the former printed circuit board manufacturing area).The following is a brief
summary of those investigations and remedial actions conducted prior to
implement.at.ion of the Phase II RFI Work Plan,
1,1.2.1 Description of Areas of Concern
Two areas of concern (AOCs),designated AOC #1 and AGC #2,were
noted in the RCRA permit for the ALCATEL facility.AOC #1 is
located in an alleyway on the North side of the main building.AOC #2
is the former printed circuit board manufacturing area,located within
and beneath the main building.Characteristics of each AOC are
provided below.Diagrams of AOC #1 and AOC #2 are included in
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Appendix A.(ReRA Facility Investigationjor AGe #/and #2 Work
Plan,October 1994).
APe #1
Aoe #1 is located in an alleyway on the North side of the main
building.Previous uses of this area have included waste and chemical
storage.The arca has also been the location of holding tanks for process
materials.A WWTP was formerly located on the Eastcrn end of the
alleyway.The storage areas for wastes and process materials,as well as
thc WWTP,have been decontaminated and closed since
llecomrnissioning of the former manufacturing process.Previous
environmental investigations in this area identified four sub areas ~
1,Area 2,Area 3,and Area 4)which have exhibited soil
contamination.Previous studies also included the installation of two
ground water monitoring wells in the alleyway.
Au'tl is an area approximately 15 feet by 14 feet located along the
main building,approximately mid-way in the drainage alleyway.
Area ;?,is an area approximately 40 feet by 20 feet located along the
former prncess sump on the East end of the alleyway.Within these
areas,soil contaminated by copper and lead was identified and
excavated,The contamination has been attributed to leaks in subsurface
process lines located in the vicinity.To date,approximately 277 tons of
soil have been excavated from the two arcas as part of a voluntary
remediation cffort.The excavated soil was shipped to GSX in
Pinewood,South Carolina for disposaL
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Results of Toxicitv Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)tests from-.
both Areas 1 and 2 indicated that no further remedial action was
required,
Area 3 is located on the Western end of the alleyway and covers an area
of approximately 30 feet by 10 feet.Soil sampling from this area
indicated the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Specifically,the chlorinated compounds 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (TCA);
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (l,1,2·TCA);1,I-Dichloroethane (DCA);1,2-
Dicbloroethane (1 ,2-DCA);1,I-Dichloroethene (DCE);and
Tetrachloroethane (PCE)were detected in varying concentrations.
Approximately 92 tons of soil have been excavated from this area during
remedial efforts,The excavated soil was shipped to GSX in Pinewood,
South Carolina,for disposal.Additional VOC impacted soil was
identified around the Area 3 excavation;however,due to the presence of
foundations,these soils were inaccessible to further excavation,
Area 4 is located in the central portion of the alleyway and measures
approximately 30 feet by 25 feet.Area 4 previously contained a shed-
like structure housing two chemical reaction tanks.Analytical results for
Lead and Copper ranged from below quantifIcation limit (BQL)to 1,3
O1g/L in TCLP extracts and from Below Quantification Limit to 21,100
rng/Kg as total lead in soil.The Westinghouse enviromnental report
indicated that "the lead contamination is limited in the soil to a depth of
approximately one foot and in the overlying paving materials,"No
subscquent rcmedial action was performed in Area 4,
Additional assessment work was conducted in the vicinity of the
facility's former wastewater treatment plant,located at the extreme
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East~rn cnd of AGe #1.During decommissioning of the treatment
plant,and prior to conven:ing the plant's equalization basin to its current
use,a chilled water holding tank and monitoring wells MW-6 through
MW-9 w~re installed in order to det~rmine if a release had occurred
from the treatmelll planr basin.Ex.amination of basin and monitoring
well chemical data has indicated that no impact has occurr~d_
With the ex.ception of Area 4,rem~dial efforts hav~been succ~ssful in
the removal of contaminated soil from AGe #1_Confirmatory samples
collected following excavation activities in Area 1,Area 2,and Area 3
verified soil contamination has been significantly reduced or removed.
Because of this,and the fact that no process,chemical,or waste storage
areas remain active within the area,nO additional investigative activities
are designated for AGe #1.
AQe #2
AGe #2 is the former printed circuit board manufacruring area,located
within and ben~ath th~main building.During previous manufacturing
operations,electroplating and chemical plating pl'Qcesses were conducted
in this area_The pl'Qcess incorporated coated,concrete,in-ground
trenches which acted as conduit for rinse water and as secondary
contailUnent for process piping,These trenches were located in the tloor
of the building,within the area designated as Former Printed Circuit
Board Area.In addition to the trenches,TCA was used in this area for
th~cleaning of printed circuit boards.A distillation unit (still),used to
purify TCA,was also located in this area_
All process areas (troughs,distillation equipment,etc.)and/or
chemical/waste storage areas which formerly op~rated in this area have
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b~~n d~contaminated and decommissioned.The form~r process tren~hes
were thoroughly decontaminated.The concret~was examined for
evidence of cQrrosion and/or det~rioration.Deteriorated concr~te was
removed and wipc tests were performed to determine if process
chemicals had perforated into the concrete.The results of these tests
wcr~negative,and the trenches were filled with concrete.The area is
now used for office and laboratory space and as a print shop.
1.1.2.2 Further Investigations
The National Environmental Technologies,Inc.(NET)report titled
Phase I Soil and Groundwater Impact Assessment (RCRA Facility
Investigation for AOC #1 and #2)was the first of three reportS which
addr~ssed soil and ground water contamination in the area now referred
to as AOC #2.Objectives of the report included assessment of ground
water quality and characterization of the hydrogeological eonditiom at
the site.Pursuant to these objectives a passive soil gas survey was
conducted,five monitoring wells were installed and aquifer tests were
performed.Laboratory results of the five shallow monitoring wells
(MW-ls through MW-5s)confirmed this suspicion by the identification
of certain VOCs in ground water samples recovered from the wells.
During the ground water investigation beneath the former manufacturing
area,five soil samples were collected to determine if soil beneath the
area was impacted by former op~rations.Copper was detected in ~ach
sample.Lower concentrations «100 ug/L)were thought to be
naturally occurring,while the higher concentrations,detected in samples
collected closer to the Northern side of the main building,were thought
to be the result of previous operations at the facility.Target VOC's were
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detc~ted at elevated concentrations in SB-2 and 5B-9.The soil in the
vicinity of SB-2 and 5B-9 was Inter excavated.
The aquifer chara~terization study revealed uniform weathering to the
PWRlhedwck interface.Hydraulic conductivities,calculated from slug
tests,ranged frorn 3.02 to 5.72 friday with gradients ranging from 0.16
to 0.19 tilft.
Additional ground water quality work was ac~omp!ished during clo,ure
of ALCATEL's on-site wastewater treatment plant.This work was
performed independently of the above mentioned assessment activities
and resulted in the installation of four additional ground water
monitoring wells.Monitoring wells MW-6s through MW-9s were
installed up-gradient and down-gradient of the treatment building.
Sampling results from these wells indicated that no impact to ground
water occurred as a result of the operation of the treatment plant.
Further voluntary ground water investigative work was initiated in June
1993,and continued through October of the same year.This work is
summarized in two NET reports dated August 11,1993,and October
22,1993,and titled Results ofGround Water Investigation and Report of
Ground Water Investigation,respectively (RCRA Facility Investigation
for AOC #1 and #2,Appendix D).During these investigations,several
borings were advanced inside the ALCATEL main building for the
purpose of water quality and soil assessment.Results indicated that
little,if any,soil contamination was present;however,VOC impacted
ground water encompassed an area of approximately four acres in the
vicinity of the main building.The installation of monitoring wells MW·
lOs through MW-12s was accomplished during the studies to address
VOC contamination.
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During their study,S&ME collected soil samples from 11 points on the
former Keebler property.No volatile compounds were detected during
analysis of the soil samples.
1.1.2.3 RCRA Facility Investigation for AOC #1 and #2
The complete descriptiorr of the field methodologies and investigation
results conducted under the approved Work Plan can be obtained in the
report RCRA Facility Investigation for AGe #1 and #2,dated February
1996.The following is a brief summary of that report,
S&ME SQil Sampling on the former Keebler Property
During environmental audit activities associated with development of the
Keebler property,Soil &Materials Engineers (S&ME)sampled soils on
the Keebler property to establish baseline conditions,Their assessment
was r:ondUClCd during the period February through April 1995.
Soil InvestigatioQ
During the months of May and June 1995,a soil investigation was
conducted beneath ALCATEL's main building.Ten soil borings were
advanced beneath the noor of the main building to depths of
approximately 11 feet below grade,or to auger refusal,whichever was
first.Soil borings were concentrated in two areas;in the area along the
exterior wall of the original 1958 building,and in the vicinity of the
former plating trenches_Laboratory analyses did not indicate impact by
volatik constituents;however,several samples showed elevated
concentrations of copper arrd/or lead.The majority of samples
exhibiting higher metals concentrations were collected near the north
wall of the building bordering AOe #1.Please reference the RCM
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FacililY Investigation for AOC til and #2 for the locations of these
borings and laboratory results.
Monitorjng Well Installatjon
Prior to this investigation,twelve monitoring wells (MW-1 through
MW·12)existed on the ALCATEL property and none on the adjacent
Keebler property.Coincidemal to this investigation,eleven monitoring
wells were installed on the Keebler property during pre-acquisition
auditing activities.The discovery of otT-site contamination prompted the
submittal of an addendum to ALCATEL's RFI Work Plan,resulting in
thc installation of four monitoring wells (all on the Keebler property;
MW.8SK,MW-8DK,MW-9SK and MW-9DK)in addition to MW-2D,
MW·3D,MW·4D,MW-7D,MW-13S,RW·I and RW-2.
MW -l3s was installed inside ALCATEL's main building using a
stainless steel hand auger.The remaining Type II wells were installed
with a power drilling rig using hollow-stem augers.
The two recovery wells (RW-1 and RW-2)were advanced using air
p"rcussion drilling techniques (air hammer)and were screened in the
s,lprolite and weathered/highly fractured rock zones.The recovery wells,
RW-I and RW-2,were installed for aquifer testing.
Each of the seven Type III monitoring wells were installed within the
competent bedrock using the air hammer.
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full Sampling and Analvsis
Ground water samples were collected during this investigation from
monitoring wells at the site to characterize ground water quality within
the aquifer system.Samples were collected from the fifteen wells on the
ALCATEL property and sixteen monitoring wells on the former Keebler
property.
Th~total VOC plume at the water table app~ar~d to b~roughly a
symmetrical and elliptical feature having a longitudinal axis oriented
north~ast-southwest.The plume encompassed approximately 9.75 acres
in lat~ral extent.In the bedrock,the lower extent of th~plume also
app~ar~d as a symmetrical,ellipsoidal featur~with a longitudinal axis
orieIlt~d nortlHouth.The lateral extent of the bedrock plume
~ncompass~dapproximately 10.5 acres.
Stream Sampling
Surface water samples were collect~d from the unnamed stream,which
transeCts the western portion of the study area,but now primarily serves
the storm runoff.The stream is a tributary of the Crabtree Creek.Water
samp","s wer~collected up-gradiem (CS-I)and down-gradient (CS-2)of
the study area to determine if target constituems impacted the stream.
during its flow across the property.Carbon disulfide,copper,and lead
were d~tected in both samples.Carbon disulfide was detected by
Method 8240 analysis at concentrations of 11.0 ug/L and 14.0 ug/L in
samples CS-I and CS-2,respectively.No other VOC compounds were
d~tceted.Copper was detect~d at 2.5 ug/L and 3.5 ug/L in samples CS·
I and CS-2,respectively;and lead was detected at 1.7 ug/L and 1.1
ug/L in samples CS-l and CS-2,respectively.From these results,it
may be conclUded that the stream is not impacted by regulated
constituents from the ALCATEL property.
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During this sampl ing an average flow velocity of 31.9 ft/minute was
mcasured.The resulting base flow discharge is 15.9 ftl/minute.
Aquifer Testing
Aquifer testing was performed on well RW-2.The aquifer testing
consistcd of a four-hour step-drawdown pumping test,followed by a 72-
hour conSrant discharge aquifer test.The step test indicated a discharge
on the order of 75 gpm would produce a suitable drawdown (about 4
feet)and limit turhulent flow conditions during the 72-hour pump test.
In addition to wells RW-l,RW-2,and MW-2ik that were connected to
the data logger,water levels were routinely monitored by hand in wells
MW-4d and MW-2sk.Data collected during the 72-hour aquifer test
for pumping well RW-I and observation wells RW-2,MW-2sk,MW-
2ik,and MW4d were evaluated using GWAP (Graphical Well Analysis
Package).
Based upon the constant rate pumping test,the geometric mean hydraulic
conductivity (K,,),19.40 friday,was calculated.Earlier slug testing
results in the saprolite hydrolithologic unit provide a mean hydraulic
conductivity of 3.99 ft/day.The constant rate pumping test data was
considered more aCcurate.Based upon the (K,)of 19.40 friday a
transmissivity of 1218 friday was calculated.Storativity ranged from
0.0014 to 0 156
1.1.2.4 Interim COI"rective Actions
The Interim Corrective Measure (lCM)Plan was prepared in response to
the conclusions and recommendations presented in the February 1996,
RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI).The IeM Plan proposed ground
water recovery,treatment,and injection.The target VOC compounds
includc DCE.DCA.TCA.TCE.and PCE.The system was designed
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to create a hydraulic barrier and capture the up,gradient contaminated
ground water using the recovery wells,capture and recirculate the
injected ground water to create a semi,closed loop system,and reduce or
eliminate the contaminant plume.Construction of the remedial system
was completed in September 1996,following verbal approval of the
lCM Plan.The system construction details are summarized in the
Remediation System Construction Report dated August 1997.
The ground water is recovered through an m'ray of 22 recovery and
containment wells.The treatment system currently removes greater than
99.99 percent of the contaminants through volatilization (shallow tray air
stripper)and adsorption (two granular activated carbon units).The
treated water is injected in up-gradient locations through an array of
eight injection wells and a treatment system on the site .
The subsurface injection of the effluent from the ground water
remediation system is permitted under NCDENR,permit #WQOOt2221
and NPDES permit #NC 0089126.
ALCATEL started the shake-down of the treatment system in September
1996.The ohake-down and teoting period continued until December
1996,at which time ALCATEL and National Environmental
Technologies,Inc.(now Triangle Environmental,Inc.(Triangle))were
comfortable with the system operation.The first Interim Measures
Progress RepOrt (IMPR)of the treatment system effectiveness included
the period from September 1996,through April 1997.The second
IMPR included the period from April 1997,through October 1997.The
third report includes the period from November 1997,through April
1998.Subsequent reports will be issued on a semi"annual basis
following each monitoring period.
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1.2 Regional Environmental Setting
1.2.1 Surrounding Land Usage
The ALCATEL facility is located within the city limits of Raleigh,North
Carolina,and is situated within an industrial park selling.Although residential
areas are located within one-half mile of the site,surrounding property uses are
primarily industrial and comm.ereiaI.(RCR4 Facility Investigation for AOC #1
and #2 Work Plan,October 1994.)
1.2.2 Demographics
The site is located within the city limits of Raleigh,located in Wake County,
North Carolina.Approximately 350 major employers are lOcated in the city of
Raleigh,with the predominant industry being technical/research based.
Research Triangle Park,an adjunct of the city of Raleigh,presently
accommodates over 100 such firms.Technical/research-related commerce is
anticipated to accelerate in the Raleigh area throughout tbe 1990's and beyond.
Raleigh's popUlation is presently 235,000,with an increase of 38.4 percent
from 1980 to 1990.Wake County's total population is 440,000.
Approximately 93.9 square miles comprise Raleigh's city limits.(RCM
FadlilY Investigation/or AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994.)
1.2.3 Regional Climatology
The Raleigh area is characterized by a humid,subtropical climare with mild
winter and warm summer seasons.Typically July is the warmest month and
January is the coldest month,with mean monthly temperatures of 77.T F and
39.6"F,respectively.The annual mean humidity is 70 percent,with humidity
values typically higher in the summer and fall months.
Average montl1ly precipitation varies by season.On average,the month with
the gre8teSt precipitation is August with an average 4.44 inches;the month with
the (east precipit8tion is October with an average 2.73 inches.The normal
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mean annual precipitation is 41.76 inches,and the lO-year,24-hour storm event
for this area produces approximately 5.50 inches of rainfall.
The predominant wind direction is from the Southwest,at an average velocity of
7.7 mph.The wind data was collected at Raleigh-Durham Airport.
(RCRA Faciliry Investigation for AGe #1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994.)
1.2.4 Regional Hydrology and Surface Water Usage
Several surface water features are located in the region.These features include
streams,ponds,storm waLer detention basins,lakes,and rivers.The City of
Raleigh relies on surface water for the public potable water supply.Falls Lake
Reservoir,located approximately 16 miles North of the site,is the source for
the public water supply.The Crabtree Creek,a perennial stream,is located
approximately 0.5 miles Somh and down-gradient of the site.(RCRA
Faciliry Investigation for A Ge #1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994)
1.2.5 Regional Geology and Hydrogeology
Wake County is located within the Northeastern portion of the Piedmont
physiographic province of North Carolina.The regional terrain is generally
rolling,with elevations (wi[hin the county)ranging between 200 and 500 feet
above Mcan Sea Level (M.S.L).The topography is dissected by dendritic
streams which allow for relatively good drainage.
The Piedmont physiographic province is comprised of several somewhat parallel
metamorphic "belts".The metamorphic belts are areas of regionally
mctamorphosed rocks which have been delineated and Characterized based on
their metamorphic grade.Wake County resides within a high grade
metamorphic zone known as the Raleigh Metamorphic Belt.or the Raleigh
Terrane.The region is bounded on the West by rocks of the Carolina Slate
Belt,and on the East by rocks of the Ea~tem Slate Belt.The Raleigh Tenane is
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comprised primarily of medium W high grade,felsic gneiss and mica schists.
Local graniwid intrusions are also common in the region (Stoddard,et.al.In
Wright and Zullo,1991).
The Piedmont is characterized by a soil veneer derived from weathered bedrock,
or saprolite,which overlies comperent bedrock.The thickness of the saprolitic
soil varies considerably between locations,but is generally thicker in areas
where topographic slope is low,and infiltration from precipitation is abundant.
Competent bedrock oceurs at varying depths below the saprolite,and is
typically fractured by jointing and/or faulting.Joints are most abundant at
shallow depths where overburden pressures are minimal,whereas faults
commonly extend to considerable depths.
The primary mode of ground water storage within the saprolite is between the
intergranular pore spaces.while Storage within the bedroek occurs largely
within the fracture system.Ground water recharge to the saprolite and bedrock
is generally accomplished by infiltration from precipitation,with surplus
conditions beginning in the autumn and continuing through winter.Discharge
of stored water occurs primarily as baset10w into surface water bodies.
Movement of stored ground warer varies considerably with rock type and the
degree of weathering.Common hydraulic conductivity values for saprolite
range from less than one (l)to several feet per day;valucs for fractured rock
vary greatly.
1.2.6 Ground Water Usage
Properties surrounding the ALCATEL facility are provided water via public
water supply.There are no known active supply wells in the vicinity of the
ALCATEL facility.Conversations with representatives of the Wake County
Health Departmellt indicate no permits have been issued for the installation of
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1.3
waler supply wells tn the area surrounding the ALCATEL facility for at least
the past nine years.
A review of North Carolina Groundwater Classification and Standards (l5A
NCAC 2L)indicates that,except on a case by case basis,all ground water in
the state is classified as ei~her GA or GSA,both of which are suitable for
sources of potable water supplies.Water classification is based initially on the
concentration of narurally occurring chloride.It is assumed that ground water
in the region is largely GA.(RCRA Facility Investigation/or AGC #1 and #2
Work Plan,October 1994.)
Local Environmental Setting
1.3,1 Topography and Hydrology
The area immediately surrounding the ALCATEL facility is characterized by
moderilte to steep slopes.To the North,East,and South of the facility,the
natural grade slopes moderately toward the South and Southwest.To the West
of the facility,the natural grade steepens and slopes toward the East.The
topography of the site and surrounding properties has been extensively modifIed
hy vmstruction ,lnd landscape activities.
An unnamed gaining perennial stream traverses the western portion of tllt
facility.The stream apparently begins approximately 4,000 feet upgradient of
the facility and discharges approximately 2,500 teet down gradient into Crabtree
Creek.The basefiow of the unnamed stream is likely attributed to shallow
ground water discharge.Discharge from storm sewers and runoff from parking
areas,as well ao natural overland Row during precipitation events,also
contribute to the flow.The direction of water flow in the unnamed stream is
towards the South.At its confluence with Crabtree Creek,the streamt10w
changes to the Southeast.
(RCRA Facility Inwstigation!or AGe #1 and #2 Work Plan.)
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J.3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology
Thc overall system effectiveness is controlled by site specific subsurface
conditions.The site specific geology was more clearly understood following
installation of the ten recovery wells,twelve contairunent recovery wells and
eight injection wells.In addition,the recently completed horizontal and vertical
investigation included the installation of nve additional monitoring wells.The
Well Completion Form (GW-l)for each well.well construction details for the
prcviously installed monitoring wells,and selected boring logs are included in
Appendix B.
Two hydrolithic zones,characterized by distinctly different hydraulic
parameters,have been identified at the site and are coincident with the
unconsolidated and bedrock geology.It is important to note that although each
zone is well defined,no substantial difference in ground water elevations exists
betwcen the Type II and Type III wells.Consequently,the ground water
system is considered a single aquifer.
The unconsolidated zone consists of saprolite and Quaternary alluvium.The
saprolite rcpresents a residuum of a granitic protolith with thicknesses varying
ti'om 3.5 to greater than 20 feet.The top of the unconsolidated unit consists of
a highly weathered saprolite typified by tan to brown,micaceous,silty clay to
clayey sand and silty fine sand eCL to SCISM).The particle sizes increase with
depth and proximity to the weathered bedrock surface.The weathered
saprolite/weathcred bedrock interface is defined by a change in color from light
brown to gray and a dramatic increase in gravel sized particles (8M/OM and
SC/GC)with the occurrence of gravel and cobble sized fragments.The
partially weathered bedrock exhibits structural texture and foliation similar to
that of the parent material but not as apparent.
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Tht Quaternary alluvial deposits typified by poorly sorted sediments ranging in
particle sizes from clay to cobble (CL to GW)and varying in thickness from 20
to 45 teet.A gravel deposit consisting of gravel and cobble sized particlts with
littk or no nntS (GP to GW)and approximately four feet in thickness was
recently mapptd South of Six Forks Road.This unit is underlying the finer
grained alluvium and was tncountertd at approximately 23 feel below ground
strvice (bgs).Thest larger,rounded particles are comprised of igneous and
metamorphic mineral assemblages typical of the local country rock.The origin
of the Alluvium can be attributed to the Crabtree Creek tlood plain.
The bedrock hydrolithic lOnt consists of the Precambrian-age Raleigh Gneiss
intruded by a more recent felsic to mafic,pegmatoidal granite.The Raleigh
Gneiss is il strongly foliated,highly fractured,biotite/hornblend gneiss.Due to
the general lack of bedrock outcrops at the study area,the fracture trace
information was obtained from a rtsearcher familiar with the local geology.
Extensive geological mapping in the Raleigh West USGS Quadrangle resulted in
the identification of a primary lineation set in the arta.Me D.E.Blake,Ph.D.
of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington,under a grant from the
North Carolina Geological Survey has classified this lineation as a primary
foliation set that is oriented N 20 0 E and dipping near vertical.
The granite,based upon field observations,is felsic to mafic and pegmatoidal.
This unit is kss fractured than the gneiss and structural texture is not apparent.
The gneiss-granite eontact oecurs near the recovery well array and is oriented
in approximately the same direction as the gneiss foliation.The granite oeeurs
on the Eastern side of the site and the gneiss oeeurs on the Western side of the
site.(RCRA Facility Investigation for AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,October
1994)
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•2.0 INVESTIGATION OBJECTIVES
Th~purpose of this document is to report the findings of th~Phase II RFI work.The work
was required by the Hazardous Waste S~ction (letter dated February 13,1998).The work
was conducted following the Phase 1J RCRA Facility Investigation Work Pian,dated actob~r
1997.Approval of the work plan was provided in correspondence dat~d February 13,1998.
The work plan described the activities necessary to identify and implement additional
assessment [asks not performed during previous investigative activities and to complete the
assessment of impacted soil and ground water.The sit~specific objectives of the work plan
included the following:
I.Det~rmin~the pr~sence or absence of a continued vac source area and the
extent of contaminated soil beneath the former solvent storage and former
circuit board manufacturing areas (AOC #1 and AOC #2)in the vicinity of
MW·13s and soil borings #2 and #9 (see RCRA Facility lnvestigotion!or AGC
#1 and #2,February 1996,Appendix D);•2.Det~rmine the vertical extent of the contamination through implementation of an
aquifer test in the vicinity of MW-4d and MW-4s;
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3.Determin~the horizontal extent of the contaminated ground water through
installation of additional monitoring wells in locations down-gradient and East
of the plume.Incorporate existing monitoring wells at off-site facilities located
West and South of ALCATEL into the existing well network;and
4.Determine the background concentration of metals in the soil.
Although not specified in the work plan,additional investigation work was also conducted
following verbal approval by the Hazardous Waste Section.This work is reported in this
document and included the following activities:1)Determine the presence or absence of
contaminants in the ground water located up-gradient of the suspected source area,and 2)
Investigate th~wat~r quality parameters and evaluate the site's propensity for natural
degradation of chlorinated compounds.
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3.0 INVESTIGATION RESULTS•The work,outlined in the investigation objectives,was conducted during the period of August
1997,through August 1998.Monitoring wells MW-4dd, MW-13d,and MW-14d were
installed between August 18 and August 23,1997.Thes~wells were developed on August 24
and 25.1997.Following compktion of right-of-access agreements,the on-site and off-site
(Pepsi)G~oprob~investigations were conducted on April 6 and 7,1998.Additional
Geoprobe investigations wer~conducted at the Pepsi facility on May 5,1998.The Hazardous
Waste Section agreed with the locations of the otT-site monitoring wells.
On June 29,1998,a Type II monitoring well,MW-15s,was installed on the Pepsi facility.
This well was developed on June 30,1998.The accompanying Type III monitoring well,
MW-15d,was construet~d on July 13 and 14,1998.The natural attenuation evaluation was
performed on selected wells on August 13 and 14,1998.
•The boring and Geoprobe logs and Well Construction Forms are attached in Appendix B.
The sample methodologies are pr~sented in Appendix e.The laboratory reports are included
in Appendix D.
3.1 Assessment of voe Source
The voe source area has been previously investigated (RCRA Facility Investigation/or
AOC #1 and #2,Februwy 1996,Appendix D,"Previous Reports").The investigation
included the advanc~ment of soil borings and the collection of soil samples within th~
vicinity of the suspected source area.Thes~borings are identified by the prefixes SB,
SBR,and GW (Figure 3)
The investigation of the source area was continued for this work.Two Type III
monitoring wells,MW·13d and MW-14d,were installed.In addition,a Geoprobe
boring,GP-2,was also advanced.The locations of the soil borings were limited by•20
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the adjacent buildings and underground U[ilities (main water line and numerous power
lines).A main power transformer is located within a few feet of the area of interest.
Soil samples were field screened and samples were collected for laboratory analysis.
The unconsolidated fill and saprolite overlies bedrock and ranges in thickness from 10
to 15 feet.
The locations of the these soil borings as well as the historical boring locations are
depicted in Figure 3.A summary of the field screening and laboratory results are
presented in Table I.
Geoprobe (GP-Zl
Evidence of the reported TCA release is documented through laboratory analyses of
soil samples from historical borings SB-2 and SB-9.Contamination was identified
between 2.5 and 6 feet bgs.The Geoprobe boring GP-2 (Figure 3),was located
between SB-2 and SB-9.The laboratory analyses of samples collected at 13 to 15 feet
bgs,at or near the bedrock surface,indicated that no VOCs were present.
MW-14d
Field screening data was collected during the construction of MW-14d (Figure 3).The
results indicated low readings from five foot intervals to a depth of 15 feet bgs.
However,no observable evidence of contamination was noted.Bedrock was
encountered at 15 feet bgs.MW-14d is located between historical borings SB-1 and
SB-Z
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MW-13d
MW -13d (Figure 3)was constructed within the vicinity of what is suspected as the
source area and along the primary fracture orientation.Specialized "indoor"drilling
equipment.SIMCOE,was used to advance the borehole.The SIMCOE drill rig was
capable of roller cone drilling and coring.Soil samples were collected from the
saprolite.The results of the field screening at 10 feet and 25 to 27 feet bgs did not
indicate the presence of VOCs.The samples were not submitted for laboratory analysis
because the roller bit did not allow a completely discrete soil sample.
The borehole was advanced beyond 27 feet bgs using the equipment's coring capability
and drillers mud.A significant fracture zone was encountered at 32 feet bgs.
Although the boring was advanced to 35 feet bgs,the fractures and loss of drillers mud
prohibited further drilling.
Both Type !II monitoring wells MW-13d and MW-14d were constructed to intercept
the source area and establish the presence or absence of Dense Phase Non-aqueous
liquids.
Soil samples were collected at two intervals,four to five feet bgs and nine to ten feet
bgs,during the construction of MW-13s in May 1995.The laboratory analysis
indicated that no VOC contaminants were present above quantitation limits.
Evidence of a release that extended vertically to the bedrock surface was not
encountered during all soit borings and monitoring well construction.Three borings
were located within Area of Concern #3;MW-14d,GP-2,and SB-l.Soil screening
and laboratory analysis results did not indicate the presence of contamination to extend
to the bedrock surface.
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However,approximately 92 tons of soil had been excavated fwm within Area of
Concern #3,Although the details of this activity were not well documented,reported
laboratory results from the excavation indicated the presence of VOCs,
3.2 Assessment of Background Ground Water
Three Geoprob~borings were advanced to ground water in locations up-gradient of the
suspected source area during th~Geoprobe actitivies in April 1998.The purpose of
this activity was to identify the presenc~or absence of background VOCs,Th~
lo<.:ations of thes~borings,GP-3,GP-4,and GP-5.are shown in Figure 4,
Ground water was encountered between 10.9 and 12,0 feet bgs,Probe refusal occurred
between 10,5 and 15.5 feet bgs.Ground wat::r samples were collected from GP-3 and
P-5,The results indicated that no target VOCs were det~cted above quantitation limits.
However,Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE),Naphthalene,and Toluene wereencountered
in the most up-gradient boring,GP-5,The concentrations were below NCAC 2L
standards,
ALCATEL <.:one luded that following this assessment no further up-gradient ground
water investigations for target VOCs should be conducted,
3.3 Assessment of Bacl{ground Copper and Lead
Historically,soil samples have be~n collected to provide data regarding the
wncentrations of Copper and Lead in background locations (RCRA Facility
invesrigation/or AOC #1 and #2,February i996).
In an effort to determine the background Copper and Lead wncentrations discrete
Geoprobe boring or ~ampling points w~r~collected from up-gradient positions of
AOC#1 and AOC#2.Th~sampling was conducted on April 6,and August 8,1998,
The sample locations,GP·I,BK-I,BK-2,and BK-3 are shown in Figure 4,
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The sample at GP-1 was collected at 15 to 17 feet bgs.Two samples were collected at
each background location.The samples are identified by the suffix'a'or "b"to
identify the sample depth,four and eight feet bgs,respectively.The results of the
laboratory analyses as well as all of the historical laboratory results,are summarized in
Table 2.
To completc the assessment of the metals issue (Copper and Lead)a statistical analysis
was performed.
3.3.1 Statistical Analysis
A statistical analysis was performed with the results of the background and
source arc,)copper and lead soil concentrations.The purpose of the analysis
was to determine the significance of the metals concentrations within the source
area.
3.3.1.1 Background
Most statistical tests assume that the subject data sets are derived from a
normal distribution.Normally distributed data can be mathematically
described as a bell-shaped curve.Statistical tests of normally distributed
data can include analysis of variance (ANaYA),t-tests,tolerance
intervals,or prediction intervals.If the data cannot be normally
predicted,then other methods of statistical analysis,such as the
nonparametric ANaYA,should be conducted.Consequently,the first
logical step is to establish the normality of the data sets.
Several met/lOds can be used to determine the normality of any data sets.
These include the Coefficient-of·Yariation test (CY),Probability plots,
the Chi-squared test,Coefficient of Skewness.and the Shapiro-Francia
test.The Coefficient of Skewness test is the measure of the degree of
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asymmetry with respect to the sample mean.The coefficient is the
cubed residual divided by the cUbed standard deviation.The assumption
of normality is accepted in the coefficient value is less than one.
The Shapiro-Wilk Test of Normality determines a test statistic and
compares the caku.lated value to a critical tabulated value as provided in
Table A-3 of the USEPA guidance documents.If the test statistic is
greater than the critical value then the assumption of normality should be
accepted.
Another data se~characteristic,used to determine the distributional
nature of the data in order to establish the proper statistical analysis,is
the homogeneity of variance.Variance is a measure of the dispersion
of thc values in a data set.A test for the equality of variances indicates
the degree to which well variances differ from each other.Methods for
determining equal variances include Box plots,Levene's test,or
Bartlett's test.The test is conducted by determining the F statistic of a
one-way ANOVA on the data residual means.The assumption of equal
variances is accepted if the calculated F statistic is less that the tabulated
F statistic.Levene's Test is more powerful than other tests of variance
because it is not sensitive to non-normal data sets.
The appropriate statistical analysis can be selected following the
determination of the distribution characteristics and equality of variance.
The ANOVA procedures compare the sample means of different data
sets to determine whether there are any significant differences among
groups.The parametric ANOVA technique may is used when both of
the following conditions occur:1)the data is normally distributed,and
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2)the data set variances are approximately equal.The non-parametric
ANOVA method is applied when the data cannot meet the twO
parametric conditions.
3.3.1.2 Data Selection
The source area Copper and Lead soil samples were collected between
September 1993,to April 1998.Background samples were collected in
the upper parking lot in April and August 1998.The samples were
collected in an area that Triangle is not aware of ever having served any
manufacturing purpose.The Copper data consisted of twenty-two source
area points and seven background points.The Lead data set
incorporated twenty-seven source area points and seven background
points (Table 2).
3.3.1..3 Distributional Characteristics
The normality tests employed here included the Coefficient of Skewness
and theShapiro.Wilk methods.The normality of Copper and Lead was
analyzed using these procedures.
l'fu.rmality Test Results
The Coefficient of Skewness test determines to what degree a data set is
skewed or asymmetric;with respect to the mean.The assumption was
made that all data for Copper and Lead is rejected by the Coefficient of
Skewness test;the skewness coeffkient for Copper was 2.12 and for
Lead was 1.96.The Shapiro-Wilk method is applied to further clarity
thc distributional characteristics.
The assumption that all data for Copper and Lead are normal .is rejected
by this test.The test statistic (W)for Copper,0.624,was less than the
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tabulared statistic for normality,0.96,and the test statistic for Lead,
0,707,was also less thar the tabulated statistic,0.933.
The following interim conclusion based upon the results of both the
Coefficient of Skewness and Shapiro-Wilk tests,can be established;
a)The occurrence of bmh Copper and Lead are not normally
distributed,
3.3.1.4 Homogeneity of Variance
Equality of variance is the second criteria that must be met to perform
the parametric ANOVA analysis.The test for equality of variances was
performed using Levene's Test for Homogeneity of Variance.
Because of high occurrence of non-detects of Lead in the source area
data set,62 perc~nt the guidance documents recommend the analysis
using the non-parametric ANOVA rather than the parametric ANOVA,
Consequently,the homogeneity of variance was only conducted on the
Copper data set.
variance Test Results
The test statistic (F)was calculated as 7.64 and the tabulated statistic is
4,21.As a reSUlt,the test results indicate thar the assumption of equal
variances can be rejected for the Copper data set.
3.3.1.5 Selection of the Appropriate Statistical Method
The assumption that the occurrence of Copper and Lead is normally
distributed can be rejected based upon the Coefficient of Skewness and
the Shapiro-Wilk test.Levene's test indicated that the assumption of
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equal variances for Copper was rejected.Because ofthe high occurrence
ofnon-detects in the Lead data set and because normality and equal
variance conditions do simultaneously exist within the Copper data set,
the parametric ANOVA analysis cannot be applied to Copper or Lead.
Consequently,the non-parametric ANOVA was selected because the data
set for each target compound exhibits either non-normal distribution or
inequality of variance.The Kruskal-WaIlis test,a non-parametric
ANOVA method,uses the ranks of the observations and treats all
nondetects as tied values.However,the Kruskal-Wallis test is not
amenable to two-group comparisons (background to source area)and
was not selected.The Wilcoxon-Rank Sum maybe employed when a
non-parametric analysis is required,the non-detects are greater than 15
percent two or more groups are smdied,and each group contains at least
four samples.
Wilcoxon-Rank Sum
The rational for this test is that if the ranks of the source area data are
large relative to the background ranks then the hypothesis that the
compliance and background values came from the same population
should be rejected.A Z score is calculated based upon the test statistic
(W),The Z score is compared to the Z score under a normal
distribution.If the Z data set score is greater than the tabulated Z score,
then the hypothesis is rejected:indicating that there is significant
evidence of contamination in the source area data set.
The Z scores for Copper and Lead were -0.23 and -2.3,respectively.
The tabulated Z scores at the upper I percent of the normal distribution
was 2.326.Consequently,the hypothesis was accepted;there is no
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significant evidence of contamination.The results of the Statistical
Analysis are presented in Table 3 and the calculations are provided in
Appendix E.
3.4 Vertical Extent of Contamination
The vertical extent of the contamination was assessed through the installation,packer
testing and sampling of the deep bedrock,MW-4dd,and the review of historical
bedrock investigations and literature.
3.4.1 Bedrock Investigations
The deep bedrock investigations included the installation and packer testing of
MW-4dd,and the reevaluation of two previous bedrock investigations at MW-
4d and MW-2dk.
MW-4dd
The well drilling commenced on August 18,1997.Mud rotary equipment was
used to advance a lO-inch boring to 27 feet bgs and within at least two feet of
competent bedrock.The bore hole was vertically extended on August 19,1997,
using an 8-inch drill bit.The bedrock consisted of alternating fine grained
mafic gneiss and felsic and pegmatoidal granite.No significant fractures were
encountered beyond 53 feet bgs.Upon concurrence with the Hazardous Waste
Section,this portion of the boring was terminated at 85 feet bgs.
A packer test was conducted to isolate the higher yielding water bearing zones
(greater than 5 gpm)and establish the approximate concentrations of VOCs
through field screening techniques and laboratory analyses of collected water
samples.The packer test utilized the double-packer configuration to completely
iSOlate the interval above 55 feet bgs.Unfortunately,the tested interval did not
produce a sufficient yield to collect a sample.
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On August 21,1997,the drilling activities were continued using the four inch
drill bit.At the interval of 97 to 102 feet bgs a fracture was encountered that
produced approximately are (1)gpm.The bedrock in this fracrure zone was
characterized by the alternating gneiss and granite and indicative of the contact
zone.A sample was collccted from blown water at 102 feet bgs.The sample
was field screened using the portable Gas Chromatograph.The results indicated
the presence of DCA and TCA (Appendix C).
Following discussion~of alternatives and final guidance from the Hazardou~
Wa~te Section,the following protocol was followed:the boring would be
continued to a maximum of 150 feet bgs if no other fractures were encountered.
However,if another fracture is encountered another packer test would be
conducted.The borehole was then advanced to a depth of 142 bgs.The
bedrock consisted of mafic gneiss from the interval of 102 to 142 feet bgs.No
fractures were encountered.Consequently,and following guidance from the
Hazardous Waste Section,the monitoring well was completed and screened
from 142 to 132 feet bgs.
Bedrock Core at MW-4d
In addition to the installation of MW-4dd,other activities have been conducted
to determine the nature of the bedrock aquifer.These activities have included a
bedrock core collected during the construction of MW-4d and a telescoping
boring,MW-2dk,located on the fonner Keebler property.(ReRA Facility
lnvestigationfor AGe #1 and #2,February 1996.)
A bedrock core was collected during the construction of MW-4d in November
1994.The core,a 37.5 bedrock interval collected from 30 to 67.5 feet bgs,
revealed the nature of the upper portion of the competent bedrock.The bedrock
at this interval consisted of alternating mafic gneiss and felsic granite.The
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contact is steeply dipping to near venical as described by the orientation of the
gneissic foliation.Fractures were present at the contacts of the granite and
gneiss and also within each respective formation.The fractures were also near
vertical to steeply dipping.The fractures in the weathered bedrock were more
pronounc~d while the fractures in the competent bedrock were "paper"thin.
MW.:2...rlk
In October of 1994,Aquaterra attempted to install a telescoping Type III weIl,
MW-2dk,on the Keebler properry.The boring construction log revealed the
foIlowing prome;unconsolidated sediments consisting of micaceous fine to
coarse sand (SM)were enCOuntered to a depth of 21 feet bgs,slightly weathered
and highly fractured gneiss from 21 to 28.5 feet bgs,and competent bedrock
(gneiss)from 28.5 feet bgs to 150 feet bgs.The log described few fractures
near the surface of the bedrock and no fractures in competent rock.The boring
grouted at 80 feet bgs for the construction of this weIl.However,drilling tools
became lodged in the borehole and the boring was abandoned.The log
indicated that no ground water was encountered between 80 and 150 feet bgs.
Previous investigations,including these three deep bedrock investigations have
revealed a contact between the Precambrian-aged Raleigh Gneiss and the recent
granite intnlsion.Based upon the previous Type I1I monitoring weIl borings,
this contact trends Northeast to Southwest.The bedrock surface is encountered
at a range ot'depths from 20 to 55 feet below ground surface.
3.4.2 Fracture Zones
Based upon the slug and constant rate pumping tests,the sapprolite and
weathered bedrock exhibited hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity within
ranges provided in the literature.Primary and secondary porosity are key
elements in the transmission of ground water in the unconsolidated zone.
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Ground water flow in the competent bedrock,however,is likely controlled by
the characteristics of the fracture system.
Two significant competent bedrock fracture zones have been identified,based
upon their occurrence,in the vicinity of the site:1)The lOne associated with
the gneiss-granite contact identified in MW-4d and MW-4dd and 2)A zone
ranging from approximately 60 to 70 feet below ground surface and tentatively
characterized by up to three distinct sub-zones.The sub-zones range in
thickness of tlu'ee to t1ve feet.The occurrence of fractures from selected
borings/wells are included in Appendix F.
3.4.3 Ground Water Elevation and Sampling
Samples collected from approximately 97 to 102 feet bgs during drilling
indicated the presence of VOCs.Samples collected from MW,4dd in October
1997 and April 1998,also indicated the presence of VOCs,including PCE.
DCE and TCE
The occurrence of ground water at elevations substantially lower than other
Type III and Type II wells (50 to lOO feet),and the presence of the targeted
contaminants in MW-4dd,may indicate a downward gradient from the
unconsolidated and shallow bedrock zone [0 the deep bedrock zone.Also.the
Type 1I1 weBs have historically exhibited ground water elevations of one to
three feet less than elevations of their Type II sister wells.
3.5 Horizontal Extent of Contamination
The horizontal extent of the ground water contamination was establ ished by the
expansion of the site characterization through a Geoprobe investigation,the installation
and sampling of add itional monitoring wells,and the assimilation of existing off'site
wells.
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3.5.1 Geoptobe Investigation
The down-gradient extent of the VOe-contaminated ground water was
investigated using the Geoprobe technology.The investigation was conducted
immediately down-gradient of the historical configuration of the plume and in
the approximated orientation of the unconsolidated and bedrock plume axis.
This investigation included nine (P-I through P-9)Geoprohe borings (Figure
4).Borings P-1 through P-6 were advanced on April 4,1998.Borings P-7
through P-9 were advanced on May 12,1998.The soil was logged in three of
the borings (P-1 through P-3)by advancing the Macro core soil sampler. The
geology encountered consisted of Alluvium that ranged in classification from a
silty to clayey micaceous sand (SM-SC)to clay (CL).Borings GP-4,GP-5,and
GP-6 were advanced to refusal (24 to 27 feet bgs).
Ground water samples were collected from all of the nine borings.Dissolved
oxygen was also measured at each sample location.These measurements and
the lahoratory results are summarized in Table 4 and presented in Appendix D.
The four borings,P-3,P4,P-8,and P-9,were positioned CO intercept a
possillIe down-gradient extension of the plume.Except for P-9,the laboratory
results of ground water samples collected from those locations indicated that all
VOCs were helow the quantitation limits.Location P-9 indicated low
concentrations of the target VOCs that were below the State standards.
However,the laboratory results from samples collected at pol,P-2,P-5 and
P-6,indicated the presence of chlorinated organic compounds or gasoline
constituents.Releases from adjacent retail gasoline business are the likely
sources of the gasoline constituents detected during this investigation.
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However,the source of the chlorinated organic compounds has yet to be
determined.Results from P··7 did not indicate the presence of VOCs.
3.5.2 Monitoring Well Installation
One Type II (MW-15s)and one Type III (MW"15d)ground water monitoring
wells were installed on the Pepsi-Cola property.These wells were installed to
define the expected terminal edge of the VOC plume.The locations were
based on the laboratory results from Geoprobe borings P-3 and P-9.
MW"15s
Monitoring well MW-15s was installed to a depth of 23 feet bgs and at auger
refusal.The geo logy consisted of fine grained Alluvium characterized by
micaceous sand silt and clay.
MW-15d
MonilOdng well MW-l5d was installed as a telescoping,bedrock well to a
depth of 77 feet bgs.A six inch borehole was cut using a mud rotary to a depth
of 60 feet bgs.Following proper casing,the well was completed with air
hammer techniques.The geology consisted of Alluvium underlain by bedrock
at a depth of 55 feet bgs.
Both MW-15D and MW-15S were sampled on August 14,1998,and analyzed
by Method 6230D.The laboratory results indicated that no method constituents
were detected in MW-l5S.However,the following constituents and their
respective concentrations (ppb)were detected in MW-15d;DCA (1.76),DCE
(732),PCE (17),TCA (3.04),and TCE (12.1).
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•3.5.3 Off-Site Facilities
A bettcr undcrstanding of the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer was gained
through the assimilation of existing off-site monitoring wells.Off-site
monitoring wells were identified at facilities that had previously conducted site
investigations.All of these off-site facility investigations appear to have been
conducted with respect to storage tank releases or suspected releases.Facilities
that were incorporated in the data set included those idemit1ed within a 0.25
mile radius of the site and cross-gradient or down-gradient facilities between the
site and Crabtree Creek.Those facilities include the following:
•
Facility N~lme .:lnd Address
AMOCO Service Station #60092
411 E.Six Forks Rd ..
Raleigh.NC
UP (Han-Dee Hugo #45)
2837 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh.NC
Pt:psi~Cola Bonling of Raleigh
2838 Wake Forest Rd.
Raleigh.NC
Seal's RoehtJ~k and Co.
819 I~.Six Forks Road
R:dt;igh,NC
K-Man (forml::r)
8701 S;x Forks Road
Raleigh.NC
Al Smidl Auto Ol::ulership
2511 Wake Fore~~Road
Ralt:igh,NC
Incident #or
Facility lD#
NCD986204287
12144
14094
13534
Classification
Small Quantity Generator
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(Wasre OII/GasoJin~)
L~aking Underground Storage Tank
(#2 Heating Oil/Gasoline)
Ledking Underground Storage 'rank
(Gaso Iine/D i~sd&chI0rinatedsoIvents)
Undetground Storage Tank
Underground Swrage Tank
(Waste 0;1)
Leaking UnUl::rgrounJ Storage TaIJk
(Petroleum)
•
The AMOCO Service Station maintains eight monitoring wells and four storage
tank observation wells (B&M.1997).All of the wells intercept the water
table.Historically,no chlorinated organic compounds have been detected at
this site.
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Tlw BP facility maintains nine monitoring wells which intercept the first water
bearing zone.Historically,no target chlorinated organic compounds have been
detected at this site.
The Pepsi·Cola facility maintains ten monitoring wells and one recovery well.
All of the wells intercept the first water bearing zone.The targeted chlorinated
organic compounds,TCA,PCE,DCE,and DCA have been detected at low
concentrations in MWA.This well is located immediately adjacent to an
underground oil/water separator.
Information regarding the purpose of the monitoring wells at the Sears and
Roebuck,Al Smith Auto dealership,and the former K-Mart facility is not
readily available.However,mOnitoring well construction details were provided
through the construction tags placed within the well covers.
3.5.4 Survey
The survey activities included a land survey and collection of water level and
well construction data.The land survey included the determination of the
horizontal and vertical elevations of the top of casing of each well relative to the
ALCATEL datum point.These activities were conducted on July 23,1998.
The survey included the following recently installed ALCATEL (on and oft-
site)wells and the existing off-site wells:
•
MW-A9d
MW-BP6
MW-Kl
MW-ASI
MW-AS2
Amoco Service Station (MW-9d);
Han-Dee Hugos Service Station (MW-6)
K-mart (former)
AI Smith Automobile Dealership
Al Smith Automobile Dealership
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MW·AS3 Al Smith Automobile Dealership•MW-Sl Sears Roebuck and Co
MWAdd ALCATEL
MW-13s ALCATEL
MW-14d ALCATEL
MW-15s Pepsi
MW-15d Pepsi
Monitoring wells from each off-site facility were surveyed and incorporated into
the existing network of system and monitoring wells.The data collected from
these wells was used to provide a local and more precise ground water
potentiometric surface of the site area.
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3.6 Natural Attenuation Evaluation
Recent efforts by the US EPA have been undertaken to evaluate the applicability of
natural attenuation of sites impacted by chlorinated solvents.The work conducted in
this investigation was performed to meet those expectations as outlined in the USEPA
directive,Use ofMonitored Natural Attenuation at Supetjund.RCM Corrective Action,
and Underground Storage Tank Sites,November,1997.This directive defines naTural
attenuation and establishes it as a viable remedial option under favorable site-specific
conditions.
This evaluation was conducted in accordance with the US EPA document,Draft EPA
Region 4 Suggested Practices for Evaluation ofa Site For Natural Attenuation
(Biological Degradation)of Chlorinated Solvents,November,1997.This document
outlines the site specific natural attenuation parameters that are necessary to evaluate a
si te and a method to quantify those results.
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A brief overview of the natural attenuation processes of chlorinated organic compounds
is provided followed by the results of the site evaluation.
3.6.1 Background
Natural attenuation is det'ined by the US EPA Office's of Research and
Development and Solid Waste and Emergency Response as "The
biodegradation,dispersion,dilution,sorption,volatilization,and/or chemical
and biochemical stabilization of contaminants to efIectively reduce contaminant
toxicity,mobility,or volume to levels that are protective of human health and
the ecosystem."Contaminant fate and transport is on-going through ground
water processes including ad vection,dilution and dispersion,and has been
demonstrated through modeling efforts.However,the biodegradation of site
contaminants must be demonstrated to occur at rates sufficient to be protective
of human health and the environment.Evidence to support biological
degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds include:
I)Observed reduction in contaminant concentrations along the flow path down--
gradient from the source contamination.Reduction will occur through
advection,dilution,and dispersion as well as biodegradation.
2)Documented loss of contaminant mass at the field scale.This can be
established through decreasing parent compound or increasing daughter
compound concentrations,depletion of electron donNs or acceptors,and
increased metabolic bypcoduct compounds.
3)Microbiological laboratory or field data that support the occurrence of
biodegradation and provide rates of biodegradation.
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According to th",USEPA dir",ctive,the propon",nt should demonstrate the first
two,or th",first and third,lines of evidence.A basic understanding of the fate
of the target compounds provided a basis for the evaluation techniques.
3.6.2 Transformation of the Target Compounds
Confirmation of a historic release of TCA has been documented (RFI,1996).
Although no evidence of the historical use of PCE in the site's manufacturing
process has been confirmed,evidence of a release of PCE is provided through
the laboratory results and previous assessment work.Consequently,it is
assumed for the purpose of this report that two parent compounds,TCA and
PCE.exist in the subsurface.
The transformation of these compounds occurs abiotieally,through
physicallch",mical reactions including hydrolysis and dehydrohalogenation,and
biotically through biochemical processes,primarily reductive dehalogenation.
Reductive d",halogenation is the most prevalent process governing
biotransformation of chlorinated solvents and generally preceded by sequential
dechlorination;PCE to TCE to DeE to Vinyl Chloride to ethane.Unlike
aerobic process",s.the chlorinated compound serves as the electron acceptor;a
hydrogen replaces a chlorine atom.Consequently,a carbon source must also be
present to serve as the energy source.
Th",hydrolysis reaction is the replacement of a chlorine atom by an hydroxyl
molecule.Dehydrohalogenation involves the elimination of an HCL from an
alkane to form and alkene;TCA to DCE.
During these processes.the parent compounds are transformed to daughter
compounds and by-products.The presence of these compounds and by-products
are important dements in the documentation of line of evidence #2.
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3.6.2.1 Daughter Products
Biod<:gradation of TCA and PCE will OCcur under anaerobic conditions
primarily through the process of reductiw dehalogenation.Abiotic
process<:s will also degrade these compounds through hydrolysis and
d<:hydrohalogenation.
Degradation of TCA has been shown to occur through abiotic and biotic
processes.In addition,it is reportedly the only major chlorinated
solv<:m that can be readily transfonned through abiotic processes
(USEPA,1997).The transfonnations are simplified and summarized in
Table 5.The primary abiotic degradation products of TCA are DCE
and acetic acid.Biologic degradation products of TCA include trans-
I ,2-DCE;DCA;vinyl chloride;ethane;and chloroethane.
Degradation ot PCE has b<:en shown to primarily occur through biotic
processes under reducing conditions.The transformation products ot
PCE include TCE;cis-I,2-DCE;trans-l,2-DCE;1,2·DCA;ethane;
vinyl chloride;ethane;and chloroethane.The primary biodegradation
product of PCE is TCE and,the significant biodegradation product of
TCE is cis-I,2-DCE.
The simplifIed end products of the degradation of TCA and PCE are
vinyl chloride,ethane,ethane,and chloroethane.
Daughter products of TCA that have been historically observed at the
site includ<:DCE and DCA.Daughter products of PCE have included
TCE and 1,2-DCA.
40
Water quality parameters that are indicative of the favorable biochemical
degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds as well as the by-
products of these microbial processes can be measured.Because
degradation is likely to occur under anaerobic conditions,those
parameters and by-products that reflect those conditions are of
importance.
•3.6.2.2 Indicators of Biodegradation
•
Oxygen serves as an terminal electron acceptor in the microbial
assimilation of a carbon-based substrate.Following depletion of
oxygen,the Nitrate,Ferric Iron.Sulfate,and Carbon Dioxide,in that
order,will serve as electron acceptors.The reduction-oxidation
potential (eH)decreases as each of these acceptors is depleted.Optimum
dehalogenation of chlorinated compounds occurs in the Sulfate reducing
to Methanogenesis range (eH of <-100).The optimum temperature is
>20 U C and the pH should range between 5 and 9.The target water
quality parameters include dissolved Oxygen,Nitrate,Sulfate,Fenous
Iron,Methane eH,pH,Temperature,CO2,Alkalinity,and Hydrogen.
By-products from these processes should also be evaluated and
measured.Under favorable conditions Sulfate is reduced to SUlfide,
Ferric Iron is reduced to Ferrous Iron,and/or methane is produced.
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3.6.3 Natural Attenuation Screening and Evaluation
On August 13 and 14,1998 a natural attenuation field screening assessment was
conducted by Triangle.The assessment was performed to establish the
likelihood of biological degradation of the parent compounds.The work was
conducted in accordance with the USEPA guidance and directive (USEPA,
1997).A total of eleven monitoring wells were selected for this study including
both Type II and Type III wells at upgradienr,source area,down-gradient,and
side-gradient locations.For the purpose ofthis evaluation,MW-14d and MW-
Us were selected as the source area wells.The background wells,MW-lOs
and MW-7d,were identified based upon their absence of any targeted VOCs.
MW-12s was selected as a side-gradient welL Several down-gradient
monitoring wells were selected at increasing disrances f(Qm the source areas.
These include MW-4s,MW-4d,MW-9sk,MW-9dk,MW-15s and MW-15d
In addition,a Geoprobe boring,L-l,was advanced near the Crabtree Creek.
3.6.3.1 Investigation
The investigation included the field measurements of Dissolved Oxygen
(D.O.),Temperature,pH,and Reduction-Oxidation potential (eH).
Samples were collected tor laboratory analysis for Chloride,Nitrate,
Sult:,te,Ferrous Iron,and Methane.In addition,laboratory analysis
from the Geoprobe location L-l (Figure 5),and the recently installed
down-gradient monitoring wells,MW-lSs and MW-15d,included
detection for VOCs.
All instruments were calibrated prior to use.Dissolved Oxygen was
measured prior to well purging and down-hole within the screened
interval using a YSI mode!SIB D.O.meter.Following well purging,
temperature,pH and eH were measured using a now-through bottle.
The water was pumped from the wel!using a double-diaphragm
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pneumatic pump.Temperature was recorded using the temperature
function on the D.O.meter.Both pH and eH were measured with a
Hanna model 948 Redox meter.Contact with the atmosphere was
limited.A peristaltic pump was used to collect water from Geoprobe
location L-1.
3.6.3.2 Results
A summary or the results of the investigation are provided in Table 6
and the laboratory results are included in Appendix D.The VOC
laboratory results of L-l are provided in Table 4.
Background conditions are provided by the screening results from MW-
7d and MW·lOs.The field measurements provide general evidence of
the presence of an aerobic environment,though D.O.levels of greater
than 1 mg/l and Redox potential greater than 100.The laboratory results
of samples collected from the background wells confirm the field
measurements.Consequently,these two wells are assumed to represent
the background aquifer conditions.
Dissolved Oxygen concentrations of less than 1 mg/l were observed in
MW-13s and L-1.Accordingly,the lowest redox potential «50 mv)
and highest chloride concentrations were also measured from these two
locations.The highest Methane concentrations (>0.1 mglI)were
observed in MW-9sk,MW-15s,and L-1.
The results were quantified in accordance with the USEPA ranking
system and evaluation for the natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents
(USEPA,1997).The system is designed to estimate the likelihood of
the occurrence of biodegradation of parent chlorinated compounds.A
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rank is assigned to each field screening parameter,metabolic by-product,
aad daughter product.The rank is based upon the field and laboratory
measurements and values.A copy of the ranking syStem is attached in
Appendix G.
Th~two ranking source area monitoring wells,MW-13s and MW-14d,
were selected for the evaluation.The results are presented in Table 7.
The results of the L"1 sample and background wells are included for
reference,A score of 9 was established for MW-13s and a score of 2
for MW-14d.According to the USEPA,a score of less than 5 is
intel.']Jreted as inadequate evidence for biodegradation of chlorinated
organics,A score in the range of 6 to 14 is intel.']Jreted as limited
evidence for biodegradation of chlorinated organics,
The score for MW-14d is reasonable.Under normal conditions,the
abiotic degradation of TCA would likely result in the daughter
compound,DeE,If the aquifer environment is aerobic,as evidenced by
the fjeld and laboratory measurements,then the biotic degradation of
TCA is not likely and its biodegradation daughter products (DCA)would
not be present.Coincidentally,the only target compounds identified in
MW·14d are TCA and DCE.
The environment for biological degradation is favorable for MW-13s as
based upon th~score and coupled with the well's location relative to the
source area.The presence of DCE is likely the product of abiotic
degradation of TCA.In addition,the presence of DCA may indicate the
product of biotic degradation of TCA.PCE is also present in MW-13s.
The historical presence of TCE may reflect the biotic degradation of
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PCE,and,the historical presence of 1,2-DCA may indicate the
degradation of TCE.
Because the specific location of the PCE release (source)has not been
reported nor identified,the concentration relationships of parent to
daughter products may not be accurately detlned.Distributions of the
parent and daughter products are presented in the following section.
3.6,3.3 Parent and Daughter Contaminant Distributions
The areal extent of the specific compounds,PCE,TCE,TCA,DCE,
and DCA in the bedrock and unconsolidated aquifers are graphically
presented in Figure 6 through Figure 10,respectively.The plume
configurations represent [he April 1998,semi-annual event.MW-15d
and MW-15s were sampled during the August 1998,natural attenuation
evaluation.
Recemly an increased PCE concentration in the bedrock aquifer was
noted in MW-2d.However,the low concemration ofPCE historically
noted in MW-2s had precluded this area as a source.The confirmed
release area of TCA is located near MW-14d.
The occurrences of PCE,TCE,TCA,DCE extend Southward and were
detected a low concentrations in MW-15d.The target compound
concentrations (ug/l)in MW-15d were;PCE (17),TCE (2),TCA (3),
and DCE (73).It appears that MW-15d,although installed at that
location based upon the absence of targeted contaminams (Geoprobe
investigation),is within the contaminant plumes.
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The DCE bedrock distribution is similar to the distribution described by
TCA.TCA was used as a solvent and released in the source area.The
presence of DCE at the site may be the result of the degradation of TCA
because ALCATEL has no record of the use or release of DCE.In
addition.the occurrence of DCA may also be the result of the
degradation of TCA.
ALCATEL has no record of the release of TCE.The first down-gradient
presence of TCE occurs in the bedrock plume at MW-4dd.However,
TCE has historically occurred further up-gradient in MW-13s,MW-3s
and MW-2d.The occurrence of TCE at the site may be the result of the
degradation of PCE.
3.6.3.4 Degradation Rates
The determination of specific degradation rates can provide insight to the
compound fate and transport.The EPA guidance proposes the
comparison of the first order rate with a tracer decay rate.The t1rst
order decay rates include attenuation processes of abiotic and biotic
transformations,dilution,sorption,and volatilization and can be
detem1ined using a one-dimensional,steady-state analytical advection-
dispersion solution such as the Domenico's Equation.The tracer decay
rate estimation was conducted using a conservative.recalcitrant
compound associated with the target compound.Chloride can be used as
a conservative tracer at chlorinated solvent sites.In this process.the
end-point compound concentration is corrected with the ratio of initial to
endpoint chloride concentrations.Following that correction,the first
order decay according to the first order kinetic equation can be
calculated.This method normalizes the decay rate such that the effects
of dilution,sorption,and volatilization are excluded.The normalized
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rate should reflect biotic and abiotic processes.A comparison of the
Domenico and the tracer solutions should provide insight to the fate and
transport.
Decay rates for PCE and TCA were determined for both the
unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers.Pre-system data was evaluated.
Bioscreen,Ver.,1.4 was used to calibrate the first order decay rate.
Chloride was used as the conservative tracer decay rate.The results are
summarized in Table 8 and presented in Appendix G.
The unconsolidated tracer decay rates for PCE and DCE are
approximately twice the overall decay rates.This may be the result of
the apparent loss of contaminant that likely occurs through the vertical
migration to the bedrock zone.
The overall and tracer bedrock rates of PCE and DCE are similar;0.69
to 1.20/year.The PCE and DCE decay rates are similar to published
first order decay rates (Olsen,1990).However,the bedrock rates of
TeA,5.47 and 6.9/year,are substantially greater than those of PCE and
DCE.The published abiotic half-life of TCA ranges from 6 to 9.6
months.The site half-life,however,is 1.2 and 2.4 months for the
bedrock and unconsolidated,respectively.The occurrence of
degradation processes other than hydrolysis or dehydrohalogenation may
explain the observed short half-lives.Biotic processes would produce
daughter products such as DCA or vinyl chloride.DCA is present at the
site (Figure 10)and has historically been observed in both bedrock and
unconsolidated wells.
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It may be diftleult to accurately measure the tracer decay rate for each
specific contaminant because each compound may be contributing
Chloride to the ground water system at different rates.In addition,some
loss of Chloride and contaminant mass may occur through vertical
migration.
3.6.3.5 Former Solid Waste Disposal Site
A former City of Raleigh municipal landfill is located between Six Forks
Road and Crabtree Creek and Old Wake Forest and the CSX Railroad
right-of~way (Figure 5).The landfill was identified through
documentation from the City of Raleigh Solid Waste Section,Inventory
of Solid Waste Disposal Sites (Appendix H).The landfill was identified
on an areal photograph from the NC DOT Office in Raleigh.The
landfill was physically observed during field activities at a storm drain
outfall at the Southern most end ofIndustrial drive.The thickness of the
landfill at this location was measured at 15 feet.The down-gradient
investigation also included the advancement of two Geoprobe borings in
this vicinity.
Strong methane odors were noted at approximately six feet bgs during
the advancement of Geoprobe boring,L-l,located at the Southern end
of Industrial Drive.A heavy sheen and strong methane odor was noted
on ground water encountered at approximately 12 feet bgs.
Unfortunately,the low yield did not furnish sufficient water to conduct
the natural attenuation field screening nor to collect water samples for
laboratory analysis.The boring was cautiously advanced at intervals of
six feet.Despite soil sampling efforts the nature of the material
prohibited solid recovery.Ground water was encountered at
approximately 18 feet bgs.Samples were collected at this depth.The
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laboratory results indicated the presence of two likely biodegradation end
product compounds;cis-1,2-DCE and Vinyl Chloride.The results also
indicated the presence of Chlorobenzene,MTBE,Toluene,1,2,4-
Trimethylbenzene,Vinyl Acetate,and Xylenes.The laboratory results
are included in Appendix D.The field screening results,shown in
Tahle 6,indicate conditions of an anaerobic environment and likely
suitahle for reductive dehalogenation.
Geoprobe boring L-2,located on Creekside Drive near the intersection
of Wake Forest Road,was advanced to a depth of 16 feet bgs.
Continuous soil sampling revealed Alluvium that consisted of a t1ne-
grained,green to grey,micaceous silty sand (SM)to a depth of 12 feet
bgs.A green to grey silty/sandy clay was encountered from 12 to 16
feel bgs.No evidence of solid waste activities was observed.Ground
water was encountered at approximately 12 feet bgs.No samples were
collected.
The absence of the landtlIl at location L-2 can be explained.It is likely
that Creekside Drive was constructed above the former landfill service
road (hased upon the areal photograph).Consequently,the landfill may
be discontinuous along the roadway.
The estimated areal extent of the landfill was produced from the
evaluation of data collected during this RFI assessment,other
investigations,and information furnished by tile City of Raleigh.The
approximate location of the landt'ill is illustrated in Figure 5.
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3.7 Ground Water Potentiometric Surfaces
The depth to ground water was measured at the off-site monitOring wells during the
survey.The ground water elevations were compiled and summarized in Table 9.The
potentiometric surface maps are presented in Figures 11 and 12 for the unconsolidated
and bedrock aquifers,respectively.It can be observed that the recovery system
provides hydraulic control at and near contaminant plumes and may have some effect
on the local now.However,it is anticipated that ground water is discharged to the
Crabtree Creek.
In addition,it is observed that,under no decay,the contaminants would be transported
down-gradient and intersect the former landfilL Additional natural attenuation
modeling may predict the fate and transport of the contaminants.
50
•4.0 CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions are based upon the findings of the Phase II investigation.In
addition.the conclusions reflect previous investigative work conducted at the subject property.
•Only one chlorinated organic compound.,TCA,is known to have been released at the
subject property.Evidence of re1ease(s)of PCE exists although ALCATEL maintains
niether documentation nor knowledge its use.In addition,ALCATEL maintains nO
record of the use nor release of other compounds detected including TeE,DCE,and
DCA.The presence of these compounds is likely the result of the degradation of PCE
and TCA.
•
•No evidence of an existing source area in the subsurface soil/saprolite was observed
during the RFI investigation activities.The source(s)may have been excavated during
initial remedial activities or are inaccessible.DNAPL was neither encountered during
the bedrock investigation nor has been historically observed at the site.
•
•The target contaminants have migrated vertically and at depth within the bedrock.The
fractured gneiss/granite contact likely served as the method of vertical migration.The
occurrence of the fractures significantly diminishes at depth.The deepest well,MW-
4dd tenninates at 142 feet bgs.Target compounds have been identified in this well.
•The target contaminants have migrated horizontally and down-gradient within the
bedrock and across Six Forks Road.The presence of the target contaminants in the
bedrock has been contlrmed through laboratory results of ground w,lter collected at
MW-15d.However,the absence of the target compounds in MW-15s indicate the
terminus of the shallow contaminant plumes.
51
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Geoprobe investigation conducted down-gradient of MW-15s and MW-15d
revealed other contaminants including gasoline constituents and chlorinated compounds.
Additional down-gradient monitoring wells would inevitably intersect these urn'elated
releases including the leachate from the former solid waste disposal site.
Consequently,further investigation was not pursued.
It is believed that the unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers discharge to the Crabtree
Creek.Consequently,Crabtree Creek may be the terminal receptor for recalcitrant
contaminants and associated metabolic by-products and daughter products released at
up-gradient locations.
Conditions for reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated solvents likely exist in the
subsurface at the former solid waste disposal site.The conditions are characterized by
low D.O.,negative eH and the presence of vinyle chloride.
The statistical analysis of variance of the comparison of the source area to background
Copper and Lead soil concentrations indicated that there is no significant evidence of
contamination in the source area.
•
•No chlorinated organic compounds were detected in ground water at borings located
up-gradient of the source area.However,some gasoline constituents were detected at
concentrations below State standards.
•Two lines of evidence for the occurrence of natural attenuation,in accordance with the
USEPA guidance,are presented.
1)The reduction of target contaminant concentrations along the flow path
down-gradient from the source contamination is established.
52
•
•
•
2)Documented loss of contaminant mass at the field scale.This is
established through decreasing parent compounds TCA and PCE;the depletion
of oxygen and the low redox potential;and increased metabolic byproduct,
chloride.In addition,the presence of daughter compounds have been
documented.The presence of TCE as a daughter product is indicative of the
biodegradation of PCE and the historical presence of 1,2-DCA is indicative of
the biodegradation of TCE.The presence of 1,I-DCE is indicative of the
abiotic degradation of TCA and the presence of DCA is indicative of the biotic
degradation of TCA.
In addition to the two lines of evidence,the source area was ranked according to
the USEPA guidance.The results indicated limited evidence of biodegradation
of chlorinated organic compounds.
53
•5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are based upon all investigative work completed to date.
•Further characterization of the vertical and horizontal extent of the contamination may
not be necessary because the anticipated final receptor of the contaminant plumes is the
Crabtree Creek.In addition,further characterization may not provide information that
would assist in the selection of the best available technology for the remediation of
chlorinated organic compounds in the bedrock aquifer.No human exposure pathway
exists.
•ALCATEL should proceed with a Corrective Measures Srudy as outlined in the USEPA
Directive 9902.3-2A,"RCRA Corrective Action Plan."
•
•
•The background Lead and Copper in ground water should be contrasted with that in the
source area and the down gradient monitoring wells using statistical procedures.The
purpose is to determine the necessity of the current permit requirements for Lead and
Copper analyses at each and every well.
54
•
•
•
REFERENCES
Devore,Jay,1991.Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences.Third
Edition.Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
ENSR Constructors,March 1990.Closure Letter Regarding Kmart #4075.
Fetter,C.W.,1988.Applied Hydrogeology.Second Edition.Merrill Publishing Company.
HANDEX of the Carolinas,Inc.,May 1996."Corrective Action Plan·Amoco Service
Station #60092."
Howard,P.H.,Boethling,R.S.,Jarvis,W.F.,Meylan,W.M.,Michalenko,E.M.1991.
Environmental Degradation Rates.Lewis Publishers,Inc.
Hyndman,D.W.1985.Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks.Second Edition.
McGraw-Hill,Inc.
National Environmental Technologies,Inc.,October 1994."RCRA Facility Investigation
Work Plan for AOC#1 and #2."Wilmington,North Carolina.
National Environmental Technologies,Inc.,February 1996."RCRA Facility Investigation for
AOC#1 and #2,Volumes 1 and 2."Wilmington,North Carolina.
Nal:ional Environmental Technologies,Inc.,February 1996."Interim Corrective Measures
Plan AOC#1 and AOC#2."Wilmington,North Carolina.
National Environmental Technologies,Inc.,October 1997."Interim Measures Progress
Report."Wilmington,North Carolina.
National Environmental Technologies,Inc.,October 1997."Phase II RCRA Facility
Investigation Work Plan."Wilmington,North Carolina.
National Environmental Technologies,Inc.,August 1997."Remediation System Construction
Report."Wilmington,North Carolina.
North Carolina Department of Environmelll and Natural Resources,May,1994.Hazardous
Waste Management Permit No.NCD 003 185 238-R1.,Raleigh,North Carolina.
North Carolina Department of Environll1elll and Natural Resources,December,1997.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit No.NC0086126,Raleigh,North
Carolina.
•
•
•
Mid-Atlantic Associate~,P.A.,April 1995.'"Corrective Action Plan for The Restoration of
Petroleum-Impacted Groundwater,Pepsi-Cola Bottling Company of Raleigh."
Olsen,Rodger 1.and Davis,Andy,1990."Predicting the Fate and Transport of Organic
Compounds in Groundwater,Part 1."HMC,May/June 1990.
Stoddard,Edward,F.et.a!.,1991."The Eastern Piedmont in North Carolina,"in Horton,J.
Wright and Victor A.Zullo,The Geology of the Carolinas.
Smith,Leverett R.,and Dragun,James,1984."Degradation of Volatile Chlorinated Aliphatic
Priority Pollutants in Groundwater"
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics,1994.
U.S.EPA Document EPA 749-F-94-020a,"Chemical Summary for Perchloroethylene."
U.S Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Waste Programs Enforcement,1994.U.S.
EPA Directive #9902.3-2A,"RCRA Corrective Action Plan."
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Center for Environmental Research Information and
Roben S.Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory,1989.U.S.EPA Seminar Publication
EPA/625/4-89/019,"Transport and Fate of Contaminants in the Subsurface."
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
1993.U.S.EPA Document EPA/540-R-93-080,"Guidance for Evaluating the Technical
Impracticability of Ground-Water Restoration ..,
U.S.Erwironmental Protection Agency,Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
1997.U.S.EPA Directive 9200.4-17,"Use ofMonitored Natural Attenuation at Superfund,
RCRA Corrective Action,and Underground Storage Tank Sites.".
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Draft EPA Region 4,1997."Suggested Practices for
Evaluation of a Site For Natural Attenuation (Biological Degradation)of Chlorinated Solvents."
US.Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Research and Development,1997.U.S.EPA
S40-R-97-S04,"Proceedings of the Symposium on Narural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics
in Ground Water."
US.Enviromnental Protection Agency,Office of Research and Development,1997.U.S.EPA
S40-R-96-S09,"Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in Ground Water"
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,OffIce of Research and Development,1996.USEPA
600-R-96-087,"BIOSCREEN Natural Attenuation Decision Support System,User's Manual
Version 1.3"
•
•
•
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Solid Waste,1989.U.S.EPA Document EPA
530-SW-89-026,"Guidance Document on the Statistical Analysis of Ground-Water Monitoring
Da.ra at RCRA Facilities."
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Oft1ce of Research and Development,1992.User
Documentation EPA/625111-91/002,"A Ground Water Information Tracking System with
Statistical Analysis Capability -GRITSIST AT ver.4.2"
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Solid Waste,1992.U.S.EPA DRAFT
document."Statistical Analysis ofGround-Water Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities,Addendum
to Interim Final Guidance."
U.S.Geological Survey,1997.Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4003,"Transport and
Transformations ofChlorinated-Solvent Contamination in a Saprolite and Fractured Rock Aquifer
Near a Former Wastewater-Treatment Plant,Greenville,South Carolina."
Westinghouse Environmental Services,May 1989."Ground Water Assessment and Remedial
Action Plan For Snead's Exxon Site Gasoline Release."
•
•
•
FIGURES
..-_._-----------
z
A
RALEIGH UST &RALEiGH WEST
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FIGURE 6
FORKS ROADSIX
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peE PLUME:
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TCE PLUME FIGURE 7
DATE,oCT 1',98
-II
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ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
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FILEP,\Oog\0209\0209RFI PROJ,#01-003-0209
L~TRIANGLE
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~INC.RALEIGH,N,C
WII_MINGTOH.N:G.,
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_....:::::==:;;;;;-..,.,"-•
TeA PLUME FIGURE 8
DATEI OCT.1998
'''-'---''-=====.,,''==================,~
MW-10S
o MW-9S
FIGURE 9
FORKS ROAD
LEGEND:
o MONITORING WELL+R<COVERY WELL+INJECTION WELL
,,'EXTENT OF"UNCONSOLIOATED PLUME
~~xTENT OF
/"6e:DROCK PLUME:
(59)UNCONSOLIDATED (,g/I)
[59J BEDROCK [og/IJ
GRAPHIC SCALE (FEET)a 200 400
:!
FORD
\
DCE PLUME
ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
Raleigh.North Carolina
--I,t
~\I
+[51.+1}·CRW-12+CRW-
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'------MW-l.5D
[75}
PEPSI
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+
/
~IOTE DCE PI_UME SAMPLED IN APRIL 1998.
EXCEf)T MW-15S AND MW-15D WERE SAMPLED
IN AUCUST Of'1998,
CLf r~~II-...--_~c:~~,MW-2S [680]
(
r
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(190Q)Iw-s MW-8S
(BD)I ALCATE_~I $IW-S
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FIGURE 10DCAPLUME
ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC,
Raleigh,North Corolino----_.~::....:...,
,__.,~1 NOTE DCA PLUME SAMPLED IN APRIL 1998,GRAPHIC ~gtLE (FEET),~~_:-_,.'=G,=J=JJ~£X:CA~~~~i.~~U~~£t~·O~-t~~5S!1~9A~9~~,~D;M:W~-~1~5:D~W:E:R:E~S:A:M:P~L:E:D~JI~~~~~:=====4°L1°jl
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•..•
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•
•
•
TABLES
•••
Table 1
Field Screening and Laboratory Results of Soil Samples Collected at Source Area
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,Nor th CaroIina
Sample IS~mple
lrlenlifieali-on _?_~1e
Sample OVA
""(:~P~')'it%h~~i.I~'~i:~~&.(J:gj:iiArl(~~~~
L~harat6ry Results
1,1·DCA 1,1;1-TCA-__.=.TcE I 1l.2-TCA
'.'(~ifKgY ...•,.....'(iiglkgj'~'i~&~iiih '.'-:,(ugIKg)
VOC tQl:al O)llper
(uglK&lc.(rii8iKg)
Load
(mgtkgi
IJqI
IJqI
IJqI
IJqI
IJqI
hill
bql
lJql
b<J1
b<J1
l>ql
110Ili
b<J1
b<J1
b<J1
b<Jl
b<J1
9.5
b<Jl
bql
b<JI
hql
2.7
LJ
0_61
n,
0_72
1.7
1.6
na
16
I>ql
no
n,
n,
1.6
01>16
01>16
c.-16
<-16
<::-13
{:-13
50
74
bql
no
bql
bql
bql
bql
no
IJql
bql
Il:L
bql
na
no
bql
c -bql
c .hql
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -hql
bql
bql
no
n,
bql
bql
bql
bql
na
na
bql
bql
bql
n,
bql
c -bql
c -bql
c +bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
bq[
hql
bql
bql
bql
no
bql
na
bql
bql
bql
lla
n,
no
bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -hql
c -bql
c ~bQl
c -bql
bql
bql
bql
no
no
n,
"'bql
bql
na
bql
bql
bql
bql
bql
c -bql
c -bfll
c -bql
-c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
bql
bql
11~
bql
na
n,
hql
n'
lJql
bql
bql
bql
bql
no
b'll I b<Jl I bql I bql
lJql
c -l"lql
c -lXlI
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
b<JI
bql
hql
no
b<J1
no
no
na
bql
bql
bql
c ~bt]1
oC -hql
c -bql
-c -tJql
-c -bql
c ~bql
bql
bql
na I na
no
na
b<J1
n,
bql
bql
bql
na
bql bql
bql b<J1
bql bql
bql
<-bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
bql
bql
n,
bql
IJqI
'"
na
bql
n.
bql
bql
bql
bql
no
bql
c -bql
c -hq[
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
c -bql
bql
bql
2
>2
>2
>2
>2
>2
2
>2
2
>2
>2
>2
4
>2
D
>2
>2
1-2 I <2 I bql I bql I bql
5-6 <2
5--6
9-lQ
1~1
4-5
1-2
4-5
1-2
4-5
1-2
4-5
9-10
1-2
4-5
9-lQ
1+2
5-U
10-11
10-11 <2
1-2 <2
1-2 <2
5126195
5126195
5126195
5126195
5126195
5J26J95
5126.195
5127195
jl2J195
5127/95
6I2719l
6127/90
6t17.r95
6rJ.7195
6127195
6127195
6121195
6121195
6121/95
6128195
6128195
6128195
SBR-9
SBR-6
SBR-ll
SBR-7
SER-5
SBR-2
SBR-)
SBR-I
SBR-4
••
Table 1
Field Screening and Laboratory Results of Soil Samples Collected at Source Area
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigb,Nor!h Carolina
•
.Jd~mi~i~~f1',~f.~g c;~~,~"~¥i$li~!f.1;~:~c~~;';'tl[E;"',t ¥Jp~')'!'r:i~~t'w~;'~;;!\i~'S~Res~I~'f~;'/;i:I,~\£PN.<;Y(}C'i.t1J .i'·gop;',·
L,'(f¥tigS):(PIDV'(:'·(ug/Kg).(iiillri{'(uilj(;L'',ttigl!(g{;>'(';iIKi)(ugIKg).'H"WK~)·("&/Kg)(~IKg)
IMd
'(nigIKg}
SE-l 9/12/90 5.Q n,
SB-2 9112190 l.n no
SB·)9111190 2.5-3 n,
SD-4 9!1319O 5.H '"
SB·;9113190 8,;-9 n.
SB.Q 9113190 os os
SB·'9113/90 "'n,
S8-8 9113/90 8.5-9 n,
S8-9 9/1Jf9O 5.5-6 n,
SB-IO 9nJf9O 8.5-9 n,
GW-12s 9/J 1193 0-10 "'GW-13s.9/11193 0·10 IIa
GW-145,9I111'13 0-10 IIa
GW-14,,11 9I111'13 11 IIa
GW-15,91111'13 0-10 IIa
bql bql bql bql 55 bql bql 55
bql 610 290 210 %00 bql bql 10110
11 2 7 5 bql bql 1 26
bql bql "'II hql 1>ql hq]I'll btll,2 J 4 12 bql 4 32
n,ns os ns [IS "'os '"os ns os os os ns IlS 'lS
bql J 7J 4 23 bql 2 109
bql 130 63 bql 1;00 bql btjl 1693
6 bql g b<ll 5 bql btjl 19
o-bql o-btjl '·bql c-bql ,·btjl o·bql '·bql c-bql
o-bql o-btjl c·bql c-bqt c-bql c-bql c-bql c-bql
o·bql o-btjl c-bql c-btjl o-btjl o-bql ,-bql c·bql
bql bql bql )80 bql btjl bql JiG
o·bql o-btjl c-bql c-b'll o-btjl ,-bql c-bql c·bql
na I na
rul I n8
na I n<'l
II~I Il<l
na !na
tlS I IlS
n I n
na 1 l1il
na 1 oa
c-44.2 c-SA
c-4.5 c-5.1
e--21.4 c-1O.7
11.4 6.3
c-2.8 c-4.2
•..•
-,
Table 1
Field Screening and Laboratory Results of Soil Samples Collected at Source Area
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigb,North Carolina
Sample SlJrnple .,S~mpl•.PVA .......Labornl<lry Resulls
ldel1tifj:talion Dat~:'i Dep'~I R,,,,<1iog .1,WC'\'..PCE.'..I,Wq>~tl·J)CJ\.--1,1tt~TCA TCE 1,1,~l'fA YOC·tlltal Copper r...d
....•·.c'.'.:>.....(f~il3gi)I (rIm"(uglKg).'......(;wkg)'.'(;gIKgh (uglI(gj';".(uglKg).'AulllKg)'.(uS/Kg)''.'(,gll(g)....(mgIK~)(mg/Kg)
MW-l4d 811197 G,5 2 os ns ns ns ns ns ns ,1>us JlS
811/97 5·10 5 os ns ns os us '"us n,n,os
"811197 10,15 J os U,l>S os os us n, n,ns ill
MW,lJd 811191 10 G "s os os ,1>L1>os ns ns Il:s.ns
"ml97 25,27 G n'n,ns llS "'L1>ns ns llS ns
MW,lJs 5126/95 4,5 2 bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql U bql.5126/95 9-10 2 bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql 0.49 bq[
GP-2 416198 13-15 lllL bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql 2.56 bql
c -bql -indicafes Ehat the inten'als were «Jmp:lSiled
SBR ~method 601 ;:!IOO 601 for VOCs
SB -med~){l 8260 fGr VOCs and 6010 fo-r metals
GW -method 601 and 602 for VOCs and RCRA metals
GP -melhod 82ftO f-or YOCs and 6010 f-or metaLs
bql -indicates belGw quatit.llticm limit
ns -iD:li-cates not sampled
na -[ndicaEes ncJot analyzed
•
•
•
Table 2
Copper and Lead Concentrations from Source and Background Areas
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
..•...,.'..I'".Sample'........::,::"'::'}":.,":':,",::
,,',,".."
.
Sample Sample .'.t,)Dep~.«y ',i,;::,>:':,:>/Copper .'.:.;::,,;Lead}·'".>':',::'.:'";,'",.';'i
(mi/l{g).··)Identification Date ',".,(mg/Kg)'',}..'',)'r(feet bgs)>;",:',,".;
-:----,
.'Source Area •.....,.',..........•-
$8R·1 j/Z6/95 1·2 2.7 bql
";;/'1M95 5-6 M b'll
5!Z6/95 liJ·l1 o,n bql
$BR-2 j/~6/95 1·2 1.7 !>ql
SBR·3 51:6195 1·2 1.6 bql
5/26/95 5-6 ",bql
5120195 10-11 i.J bq!
S8R-4 5/7,,7/95 l':~<).61 !>ql
5127/95 5-6 "n bql
"5/27195 9·10 1.6 bql
SBR-$6/27/95 1-1 c-16 bql
61'17195 4-5 c-16 bqJ
~BR-6 0/27/95 1-2 1;;-16 l>ql
01"1.7/95 4·5 1;:-16 hql
$llR-7 6/17/95 1-2 c-13 bql
"6/27/95 4·5 c·D bql
SnR-S 6/27/95 1-2 50 bgl
6117/95 4-5 74 9.$
6127/95 9-10 ".bg!
SBR-()6/28/95 ]-2 16 bql
M28J95 4-5 n.b'll
6128195 9-10 bql bql
•
•
•
Table 2
Copper and Lead Concentrations from Source and Background Areas
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
Sample )<,,'''','",<",,,,
Sample Sample Depth ',Copper Lead
Identificatiol\Date (feet bgs)(mg/Kg)"(mg/Kg)
,',""Source Area ,,',';,,::,",',"",',
GW-12s 9/11193 0·10 c-44,2 c-5.-l-
OW·Us 9/l J(93 0-10 c-4.5 c-5,[
GW-145 9/11193 0·10 c-11.4 c-lO.i
GW-14s,1l 9/11/93 11 11.4 6.3
GW-15~9/11/93 0-10 c-2.8 c-4.~
MW-13.~5/26/95 4-5 1.5 bql
"5/26/95 9-10 0.49 bql
GP-l 4/6/98 13-15 2.56 1:Jql
','"Background Area ":,)""',i'
GP-l 4/(ij\)8 17 ),73 2.40
BK-1a 8113/98 4 7.50 6.30
BK-Ib 8113/98 8 2.80 8.60
I~K-Za S/U//)8 4 4.90 6.00
I3K-21)8/1;1/98 8 2,80 7.00
BK-3u 8/13/98 4 3.70 17.00
BK-3b 8113198 8 2.30 4.00
t.:-bql jlldjt:ate.~thllt file ill(el'vah were (~0mpo.sited
SBR .method 601 anJ 602 for VOCs
OW.method {)()l lInd 602 for VOCs and RCRA m/;:"(aJs
GP -rndhi)(1 8260 f()r VOCs and 6010 fDr met:lls
bqJ -indic,Ht:S below quatita[iUll limit
ns -indk;ates not sampled
na -indi-:ilte.~not analyzed
•
•
•
Table 3
Results of Statistical Analysis of Background and
Source Area Copper and Lead Concentrations
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
Copper Lead
NOR1VlALITY ."p<'i/i;;·..........;...•.,:.....:.......
Skewness Coefficient =2.116 1.963
2.166>1 1.963>1
not normally distributed not normally disrributec
Shapiro-Wilk Test of Normality
data set '01""0.624 0.708
Table A,2 .05,29 ""0.926 '01.05,34 =.933
0.624 <0.926 0.708<0.933
not normally distributed not normally distributee
LEVENE'STEST OF HOMOGENEITY ..;/<..<.....--•....•.•..-••...........•..
data set f-ratio=7.640
from table f=4.210
7.64>4.21
assumption ofequal variances rejected
WILCOXONRANK-SUM TEST FOR TWO Gg~t1P$::",,',\'.....'"".'.J':",
data set z=-0.23 -2.3
from table 201=2.326
,0.23 <2.326 -2.3 <2.326
no significant evidence of contamination at 1%significance level
•••
Table 4
Results of Off-site Geoprobe Investigation
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
Lahora/ory Rcsulis
Dissolved ChIoro-cis-I,2 Vio}'I Tl'imeth}'l-
Sample Date Ox}'gen I,I,I-TCA I,l-DCE I,2-peE TCE PCE benzen<DCE hlorid Tulnene benzene X}'!encs r.rrBE Naphtha!ene
Identification Sampled (mg/I)(ng/l)'".Sugll}(ug/I)(~g/I)(ug/l}'.(JIg/I)(ng/I)(ug/I)I·(~g/l)(p~m •........I....(JlglI»'.'(JIg/I)(ngll)
f~--:>~"~---,-----;,.
c','"..··c..
P-l 4/7/98 4.)bqI hql hql hql bql hql hql hql 0.6 0.5 bql bql bql
P-2 4/7/98 3.8 51 1,500 hgl 52 210 bql bql hgl bql bql bgl bgl hgl
P-3 4/7/98 6.2 bgl bql bgl bql bql bgl bql bgl hgl bql hgl hgl bgl
P-4 4/7/98 1.8 bql bql bql bql bql hql bql bql 1 hgl bgl 1 0.6
P-5 4/7/98 4.9 bql 0.6 I 13 2 bgl hgl bq!bgl bgl bql bql bql
P-6 4/7/98 5.0 bql 2 bql 4 I bql bgl bql bql bql bqI bql bql
P-7 5112/98 na bgl bgl hgl bgl bgl bql bql hgl bql bql bgl bgl hql
P-8 5/12/98 na hgl 3 bgl 2 bql bql bql bgl 11.8 bql bgl bgl hgl
P-9 5/12/98 na bql bql bgl bq!bql hql bql bql hgl hgl bgl bgl bgl
L-l 8/1 3/98 0.9 bql bql bql bgl bgl 1.3 1.27 6.36 1.43 0.54 1.93 1.4 bql
vac's by Melhod 6210D
D.a.-fiel d measuremenl
•••
Table 4
Results of Off-site Geoprobe Investigation
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
..Laboratory ResuIts .
Dissolved Chloro-cis-I,2 Yinyl Tlimetbyl-
Sample Date Oxygen 1,I,I-TCA I,l-DCE 1,2-DCE TCE PCE benzene DCE hlorid Toluene benzene Xylenes IVITBE Naphthalene
Identification Sampled (mg/I)(ug/l) (ug/l)(uglI)(ug/I)(ugll)(ugll)(ugll)(ugll)(ng/I)(ugll)(ug/I)(ngll)(ngII)..
P-I 417198 4.5 bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql 0.6 0.5 bql bql bql
P-2 417/98 3.8 SI [,500 bql 52 210 bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql
P-3 417198 6.2 hql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql
P-4 417198 1.8 bql bql bql bql bql bql bql hql 1 bql bql I 0.6
P-5 4/7198 4.9 bql 0.6 I J3 2 bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql
P-6 417198 5.0 bql 2 bql 4 I bql bql bql bql bql bql bql hql
P-7 5112/98 no bql bql hql bql bql hql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql
P-8 5/12/98 na bql 3 bql 2 bql bql bql bql 0.8 bql bql bql bql
P-9 5/12/98 na bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql bql
L-l 8/13/98 0.9 bql bql bql bql bql J.3 1.27 6.36 1.43 0.54 1.93 1.4 bql
vac's by Melhod 62100
D.O.-field measurement
•
•
Table 5
Sumary of Daughter Products and Half~Lives
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
.,,",'<:'.~:"I ,.......,~·hr"··'···.·.H:iIC;LifeGo~pci~~~:,.:'""",aug er:,,\:;<\,:,~".f";~4<:,~":.';.,.....•.......Process ::;',:'/.::-'",;:::::;:;~:'::-:':::,:',:'7;:"'::;:'>~\{":'~\":::;/:;:'ij!',6/fiY.'.'·:eroijuclS.-'·,c,.•.",.",..,.,~I,:',,',;',i,::,,,.",,;."':""','"' "......'!;':,~<...·i:',":'.'':
PARENT
Abiotic hydrolysis or I,I-DCE,tl,2-DCE 0.7toO.8
1,1,1 TCA dehydrohalogenation acetic acid 0.5
Biotic Sulfate reduction 1,I-DCA 0.005 to 17
Methanogenesis C02 and Cl-
Abiotic hydrolysis Or ----~0.73
de hydrohalogenation -----
PCE Biotic Sulfate reduction TCE 0.63
Methanogenesis ethene
I DAUGHTER PRODUCTS ,
Abiotic hydrolysis Or --~--0.89
dehydrohalogenation ---~-
TCE Biotic Sulfate reduction or d,2-DCE,tl,2-DCE 0.11 to 0.63
Methanogenesis 1,2-DCA
ethane
Abiotic hydrolysis or -~---I
I,I-DCE dehydrohalogenation -----
Biotic Sulfate reduction vinyI chloride 0.22 to 0.47
Methanogenesis ethene
cisI,2-DCE Biotic Sulfate reduction -----
Methanogenesis vinyl chloride 0.24 to 0.93
transI,2-DCE Biotic Sulfate reduction -----
Methanogenesis vinyl chloride 0.24 to 0.93
I,I-DCA Biotic Sulfate reduction ~~---
Methanogenesis chloroethane >0.16
vinyl chloride Abiotic hydrolosis -----<10
Sulfate reduction
Biotic Methanogenesis CO2 and Cl->0.16
•(compilation from Smith and Dragun,1884 and Olsen and Davis,1990)
••
Table 6
Natural Attenuation Screening Results
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,Norlh Carolina
•
..<.'..••...•.>FieldStreeningResults
Sa!11ple ;;.,S~",Ple I'.''.'.'.''..........,>.'•..".
II l.<iciiifoii;;.:.).l.aii;;n.Q.em g!ll;lremp{Gl!jilL.;
!,-_c
effCmv}
Laboratory Results (rug/I)
~.~-.-;,,~-;~:L .~_.--'''C.-.'"-.---_~-------.-.
;'ci1l!ofI4i';I1-<I!"~t~($ojlfaie-1:~;ii#uSlroJiitMei!lane
MW..Jd
MW-4s
MW-7d
MW-9dk
MW-9,k,
MW-tOs
MW-I2s
MW-13s
MW-14d
MW-15s
MW-15d
L-1
Field Blank
8114198
8/14/98
8/14/98
8/14/98
8/14/98
8114/98
8/l4/98
8/13/98
8/14/98
8/14/98
8114198
8fJ3/98
8114/98
2
7.4
L8
4.2
1.2
5.3
2.8
0.3
1.8
2.9
4.2
0.9
2.5
22
24
24
23
20
21
21
21
22
21
23
23
20
6.36
6.82
8.71
6.34
6.15
6.10
5.80
5.74
5.42
6.11
7.02
6.30
6.00
250
220
228
190
177
254
180
1.44
190
195
177
-20.5
300
35.82
22.67
8.48
10.89
27.94
22.67
19.71
80.86
30.41
42.72
1L92
87.81
bql
6.68
1.25
059
0.82
bql
2.35
3.19
2.2
0.16
bql
L01
0.1I
bql
50.9
35.59
3858
5.98
6.66
13.49
26.91
49.3
93.24
6.41
36.73
22.42
bql
bq1
0.12
0.09
bq1
0.08
0.08
bql
0.06
bql
bql
bq1
0.09
bql
0.647
0.654
0.736
3.893
*1.881
0.619
10.514
4.737
1.359
*2.899
3.007
429519
0.669
Cllloride
Nitrate
Sulfate
Ferrous Iwn
Medt:aTIe
EPA Method32:5.3.dmClioll limit ~G.5 mg/l
EPA M-eEhoo 352.1,d-etffiiOIllimi:t ~D.!mgll {Nitrate samples exceeded protocoL f6r Imldin.g time31 !.aboram[)'}
EPA M.elhod 375.4,delecrLOO limil-t.O mgll
35OOD,detecEIDn lifnil --o_D-5 mgfl
Method AMIKoD1,d~e<:tion timit -0.7 mg./t where./lO!led·,all ot!lers {UJIS ug/I
•
•
•
Table 7
Natural Attenuation Ranking
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
.,.:.::/?i.>':::,..'
<<;,::':'<';A32,:;;',"::::.Source Area Wells ':';,::;";';,:!ii:::Sg.~?!hY~'tti~,,~~~fii,(J~IF.~/:,:;::,.~(:l!l\ckground Well!;)",:::,.::,:';: ,:.:',:.:,:.\....,,':,:,::,.i,,::,,~,L,,:~;.."1 ,';:~;!,.",,'
Paranleter/iridicaro,,;;·:,,<:.':>.,:':::i{'::,:.;',.;:lylW~13s Rank MW,14d ~~h:if~';:;':M\VrJpS L:MW,7d)/
D.O.(mg/l)0.3 3 1.8 -3 0.9 5.3 1.8
Temp (C)21 I 22.00 1 23 21 24
pH 5.74 0 5.42 0 63 6.1 8.71
eH (mv)1.44 1 190.00 0 -20.5 254 228
Chloride (mg/l)80.86 2 30.41 2 87.81 22.67 8.48
Nitrate (mg/l)2.2 0 0.16 2 0.11 2.35 0.59
Sulfate (mg/l)49.3 0 93.24 0 22.42 13.49 38.58
Ferrous iron (mg/l)0.06 0 bdl 0 0.09 0.08 0.09
Methane (ug/l)4.7 0 1.4 0 0.43 0.619 0.74
PCE -released (mg/l)1.7 0 bdl 0 bdl bdl bdl
TCE (mg/l)bdl 0 bdl 0 bdl bdl bdl
DCE(mgll)1.9 0 0.68 0 bdl bdl bdl
I,I,l-TCA -released (mg/l)0.09 0 9.7 0 bdl bdl bdl
I,l-DCA (mg/l)0.065 2 bdl 0 bdl bdl bdl
cis-I,2-DCE (mg/l)bdl 0 bdl 0 1.27 bdl bdl
vinyl chloride (mgll)bdl 0 bdl 0 6.36 bdl bdl
score = 9 score =2
VOC's from 4/98 sampling event (ALCATEL IMPR,1998)
Ranking system as proposed by USEPA Region 4 (US EPA 1997)
MW-13,-source area for PCE and 1,1,1-TCA
MW-14d -source area for 1,1,1-TCA
background Chloride for Type II wells -22.67 (from MW-lOs)
background Chloride for Type III wells -8.48 (from MW-7d)
•Table 8
Comparison of Decay Rate and Tracer Attenuation Rate
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raliegh,North Carolina
•
•
PCE
l,l-DCE
l,l,l-TCA
-1.2 ~1.17
-0.69 -1.1
-6.9 -5.47
-0.99
-1.2
-3.5
-1.93
-3.3
-2.56
•
•
•
Table 9
Ground Water Elevations
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Ralicgh,North Carolina
'.'::'~::,:::,i,:':',':::::':,,~"..::\:/,:,:,:,;,,::,,:;.,;::.:::;:(,:'!rOS<",:,:,~:,':,~.e'~~~i~,\:,:";?::,;;:):~;:g~,:,,~,S}\,
:"",",._.:':':.,',\~,cle'Vatloni"\.7."~,.wateI:'":<"·I<,,';..eIevatIon,,1;:",:},"',i::-,:'':.:':,~,:>;,:':';<t:::,,:"~",::,."':"':,.-".!:::",!:'~~;,~,,\:";',I:~;''''~1%~::r,;/f\':'/';ri ','~'::'.'',';.""i:,""",,'VIi'¢!r;',.)i:;W;;,;(feet)..,.;).J,.,;,,{feli!)IXi:ids\·,(feet)\!{:t
i·:~:;:'H,\i;!:!l)I'If=~:-=:=--:==="".;4:;;/2;;7,;,19;:8~,",",~1,'MW;l'¥,P.228.40 3.58 224,82
(1':,~~I::,';,,-':;,:/:!::',:,:.j,:i':"lIl;:}Y;~'1(225.59 6.99 218.60
"iMW'Zdt!;225,81 10.07 215.74'i';~-;;:,':228,55 14,07 21448:,'MW;'Jd!j;'228.48 11.91 216.57
::,,\':II',:.~""'.,i "~~'JA;il\>l}y"il,,'"226,71 14,00 212.71;'M\Y.4?,i 22720 15,40 211.80
>1\>l~'4?~;r 226,53 5463 171.90'iiw's~,jJ;228,40 5,63 222,77},t\~~~~~'i;:j~229.16 2.66 226.50
...MW,7•.,;."229,27 2,85 226.42\',i':<..,."':".",:::-:~,:':!~,'~.':'\"I'W-T,!,I:r:22935 5.19 224,16'!liWo8S:!.;22934 2,99 226,35
';':.,:,":",'.'~:\,:,":.j"":'/';:":::/:"lVln;.;~~?>243,17 11.72 231.45
:<.MW;;lOSi".·:252,71 17.40 235.31":::"',':"".'::~':";:',:;,<,:,'¥~:':J,~,~il 229,63 1l.41 218,22
':';,MW'12~/!'227.05 16.77 210,28,\>,:"",,'":.,,'...",:(,~'<'ii'.'MJy'r~.""229.48 11.45 218.03:;':~,:',,'.".';,,\:<,'",.¥w:,pd"229.42 1l,15 218,27
MW,i:iin 22740 7,68 219,72',::;.:.:.,,',,,'::',::,",:"'::\',':.lVlty:-~~~i 210.47 8.72 201.75
,~M",'l$dl 210,82 11.62 199,20lVl~·z,Iii'22336 1929 204.07'Mw'zik,22347 dry dry;:JI1'Y-;~,':\225.51 dry dry
".1I1w'j~i 225,90 17,87 208.03
!\1W'SSl,i 215,28 9,1l 206.17
,'":'",•""".'!::\,'",~,M!V;'~I<;'/217.04 16.48 200.56'Mw,k~k{21695 1717 199,78
:'MW'lzdk':221,85 16,18 205,67
":'RW0rO":223,80 12,17 211.63«,<.;','.:.,"",/,:;-"1:,",1."...aw:,Z:,..:220.61 17,97 202.64,'\":,,,,,,,,-:,,,,::,:.,,,:,,?~,IRW:3"'}221.50 18.65 202.85",:.Il,~~";;;;221.18 1919 201,99
.'i;IJ(RW"~":",220,83 20.,6 200,27
,i.,.aW'lF 220.98 22,67 198,31.,':,:R"';7.220.29 21.53 198,76
"RW:~/219,18 2057 19861
"RW-9',:.217.97 34.30 183,67
RW-IO',,"21'.35 15.3'200,00
•
•
•
Table 9
Ground Water Elevations
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raliegh,North Carolina
>'>:,~i:<:,:',':ii",,':'(:W·;.":':::TOaB~;,::e,:'D "';:"·::">(i\':I;/GW~~"",:::,:)~:;':';;::;?;,':")':i::r\1;~~\~t?~:~va4~\~:"';:,~:::f:;":,~,:,'"l,",>,,::t~);:'~.i~:~~,~~~~~
,;'::::WeIH:'>!:~~ie,:,<,(feet)',t::,/,;,:,.:,\::<\~(fe~t){},;;Y:1'-/Y:(feet)dt~t;,
\<:a.~t:%211 7 .7 4/27/9!i02
I':~,\'-'·"'''':'''''::;',t::RWCZ"t 212.10 10.40 201.70
;":::::,~",,::.",:'::,,",'i'ii'~.',::::'~9~-m~~1(~L,212.44 9.15 203.29
'if~~.t:'0 211.64 11.98 199,66
\:ir9~~~~~;:213,87 13,91 199,96t:pgW,&!:ii 214.77 15.62 199,15:":'"1,',',"J...i~'<.'"•.:,c::',1;,~:C.S!&~:''1iit 215,90 17,27 19863
:iPR]!ii:;§l7i 216.61 18.66 197.95:',::,:-.::>::;1,',,:,1"1"'::::·:::-';/',':GI,l:W;9":'(f 216,78 15.40 201.38r.;:,:'!:'':';il!"":',I;;;;:""'''~:,:.CRW,tQ"216.97 15.58 201.39:,:\i':':":I,~,,~:"'•.x,,;',lyJ.:,~,.'1 217.12 15,15 201.97
"eR 217.46 47,52 169.94
223,87 1.42 222,45
228,80 4,62 224.18
224,50 0,83 223,67
225,28 nm nm
228,68 0,00 228,68
225,66 nm mn
225.11 1.04 224.07
225.86 2.00 223,86
212.50 12.00 200.50
208,39 8,94 199,45
205.56 9.58 195.98
205,30 9,53 195.77
205,18 10,38 194,80
207,52 15,98 191.54
24{),61 20,92 219.69
•e1evatations me,,-,ured on 7/23/1998
•
-.
".
APPENDIX A
LOCATION OF AREAS OF CONCERN
""!
i "~~"~i
'"zw @ ~i~Ji:~!:J ~~~IFH;
~~'",~~~~
~~.~0..~,",',,"\..'.~:,.\\S-<:
...,
,...."I,..
~::;j
•
---~~~--1
TH
-?~-u1'(;,~'0 z~~(l
o Soil 50mple Loco1 ion -Oepl h
indicaled ill (Parenthesis)
/
o
58-3
(2.5-3.0 FT)
~LIMIT or EXCAVATION
LEGEND
//.////////,,~
5B-8
(85-90 FT)
L AREA 3 80UfiDARY
58-21 ~
(2.5-3.0 fT)o .
~/.//////'/>'//0
58-6
(NO SAMPLE OBTAlNED)o
58-9
(5.5-6.0 fT.)e
W'JNTfNANCE 511 ED
BUILDING
~////////
.~
/'/
//////////:'//////////////~>///////////////////0
o
58-10
(85-90 FT.}
58-I
(5.5-60 n.)e (GUAlm I'O';T I.CUARD POSTl-r~".>7.~//~~/~'~/';-r,.7~""">-'/7i.-;/r-;/r-/""'>T>777/-')/""''"-://,...r-/T77/..))....,.l...,I...,/,.../7.,-y-/..,./..,./:-,/:~/:J...~..·,,·-.-'~'I {}
•,/ / IQAlJlllC SB-~
/~O(>CK I(5.5-6.0 FT.)
./
5B-7 e ~
(NO 5Al.IPI I OBTAINED)
CAREA 3
loL".n~:::::n=J
1lAI!Lfll!)Q.I t
KEY PLAH
---==-=:~==--
51l-5 0
(85-90 FT)
/.'r:'~""""'~":"'~'~'....----~~•..'TNIKS ~
'/REF:OWG./1058001R06
/~--NET REPORT:058001 (fEB.1991)~,..;...~~EXCAVATION fiLLED FOLLOWING
~-SAMPLING.
APPROX.SCAlf (1"-10')
!J
()5 10 15 20
F[ET
1/9fi \ISSU£D FOR Rfl REPORT---.---~-----------
)/94 ORIGINAL ISSUE fi:[V.5CJLl
NOTm
t'llQ·JlC I l:JCH:.ICUE"tIT1mL(_II,!}ON AI.CATICI.NlITWO RK SYSTP.MS
ORAWtl Raleigh,Ne
I<.fA IRClOTil RFI:----~
CllfCKW
Area 3PifOJE:C"'T~"O"'--'rSllr{T tlO.
058009 P:\058\058-9R04Wilminglon.NC
I'
N J'--'J'-~_-.!_"'QA1'1ONAL ',N VIIWNIlF.N'I'AI,RrnNOI.m;ms,JN0"._~~-E-;~~~~~~-
Of sc Rjf'nOI~OAr£
o
REV,
•
I~_t
I l'I
B~\(Jl
AREA NO,2
BAGHOUSE
@
II
\...
'",(i\MlmllONfI)'---_J}I've PIPES--------------------_.
,COLI.Ee TlGlj ~
SUMP
•IH lD 9018 51').JlE Ae~5
lD B-2
I
_COHCRE
'--SUMPS -
8-3 (Jl
SHED 8S /"'--,I \I \1I9?u!]CII!lOMATES !lASES-----------_.........::.'-..'~~'-'-':=;:;;m'~~f;~~?W"~,(Ill]-5 <D !J-62"PVC PIPES
.",."'"PVC p~'(:,.",.,
",,:J'
•/
UOTfl tlORTlI IN TIlE TfXT Pl:EFfR'SiTOHIETormnlEfIGURErIlf....Cllj rAn:L'[~CHU"lLOtl S
PI.ANTfl\tlllril
~
MAIN BUILDING
KEY
CD SmPLE NO.I -PEPTil 5'-O·
®Sn.lPl.E NO.2 -IIEPTH 5'-0"
@ SmPlE NO.3·CORNER OfBLOWEROEPTIl0'-/1"
~Sn.lPLE NO.i -PEAP CENTER,OEP1I~61_Oil
<Il SOIL 80RWC LOCATiONs
2
SCMI,r .lif
/,~(JJEr:r N()"
iI/5-W-502
CIIICXIOjlY,
[!\Imr~{!\IN!@,~
&IL©&1l'~~~lNljg1l'~©Imf~~Y1 @1l'jglM!J~
Iffi!tlO~~n@1h1.1Nl.©._~_~.~..JM~P!W 10AT~2!(l-~__
Q WBstlnql1Juso Envlronmonlol~And GBOlochnlcol SorvlcBS,/nG.
REV.OATt:'OE::5:CRIPTION
~7/94 ORIGINAL ISSUE
I 2/96 ISSUED FOR RFI REPORT
ES-3 t1
(~FT)N..
'<//////.7////////////////
-I
..
:/
E5-2
(5.5 FT'8 ES~l
(5.5 FT.)
LIMIT OF
rm m
EXCAVATION
f.i•TANKS BLOWE"
LEGEND
t::://1 PIPES
8 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION
L AREA 1r-'1...-11]...MAIN SLOG."t REF:owe.#058001 R02 APPROX.GRAPHIC SCALE (~,rc.r----NET REPORT:058001 (FE3.1991 )"'!
MOOIFICATION OF WESTINGHOUSE FIG.2 i
K~v P'-A~I FOR MAY REPORT (MAY 1990)I --0.,•EXCAVATION FILLED Fall_OWING SAMPLING.0 1 2 3 4-
N"7WNAL ENVlRONMENT"L TEGFlNOLa
PROJE:CT MCrt'.CUENT/TITL(
H.LYON ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS
ORAWN Rcleigh.NC
K.FAIRCLOTH
CHE"CK~O RFI
Ar""eo 1
."i""':1ir"',gton t NC O.a.ft:iSC.Al..~PROJ5:CT NO.I J:;iHT.NQ,,P:::v,
6/2/94 i NOTED 058009 P:\058\058-9R02 I
1I:,
~
~
~
,~~~
~J-I"\
•
•
•
•
APPENDIXB
WELL COMPLETION FORM (GW-l)AND SELECTED BORING LOGS
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION
PERMIT NUMBER:MW-15d1436
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
Nc~h C~rolina.-Department of Environment.Health,and Natura!Sesct.:rc~s
Division of environmental Management -Groundwater S~etior:
P.O.80x 29535 .R.laigh.N.C.27626·0535
Phona [phone]•DRILLING CONTRACTOR:;merj can Eny.Dr;J J j ng
DRILLER REGISTRATION NUMBER:
1.WE,-L LOCATION:(Show sketch of the location below)
Nearest Town:Ra 1 e;gb County:__--"!N'l<.."k~e....._
WakQ ~Qrest Road
DRILLING LOG
F'ormalicn Ll~scri~tion
alluviurn (fb'li!sar:d gravel
3]Jwe'17m (graJpJ &a+b1es
a)1JJYillm (fire grayeJ.&il'tC
allwiurn (fir.e gravel sm:'
Bedrock
23 -27
DEPTH
From To
o -23
Raleigh,N.C.27609
(rloa':,Community,or Subdivision and Lot NQ.)
2.OWNE"PEPSI Cola Bottlina of Raleiqh
ADDRESS 2838 Wake Forest Road
(Street Or Route No.)
City or Town Stat.Zip Code 27 47
3.DATE DR ILLED 71J 4/98 USE OF WELL ..JMW:m..4:!7~-::....,5",5,---__
55 -774.TOTAL DEPTH 77 ft.
5.CUTTINGS COLLECTED YES [iJ NoD
6.DCES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL?YES 0 NOI;,;I
7.STATIC WATER LEVEL Below'Tep oi Casing:J?FT.-
(Usa "-t-O if AbQve Top ofCasingj
8.TC.~OF CASING IS 0 FT.Above Land Suriace"
•Casing 'ierrninated aVor below rand sl,Irf;J;ea is Illeg3:1 unless a variance fs issued -----------
In accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0118
9.YIE'-.iJ (gpm):n(a METHOD OF TEST _
1•.'i09 ZONES (depth):_-..LDJ,L/a3 _
It additional space is ,1seded usa baci-\:fform1J.CHLORINATION:Type __n"'/:..;a=-Amount _
J2.CASiNG:-==============~~==
Depth Di.meter
Fcc,,,,__O,,--_To ---"6,,,0,--Ft._:<.6__
Frc,"'---To -Ft.---
F:-cl7I To Ft.--__
Wall Thickness
or We-(giltlFt.MaI~~~,;d
soh.40 _P~V~C,,----
LOCATION SKETCH
(Show direction and dista.nce from a.t lea.st 'mo State
Roads,or other map rsfersnce points)
13.GP.OUT:
SEE BACK
Material
silica sand
Size
Deeth Diameter Slot Size Material
Frc",62 To.......:zJ...Ft _2_in.•010 in._..JP~V~C,,-_
Frc",To Ft._In.in._
Frc.""To ~Ft.in.in._
S.SAND/GRAVE'-.PACK:
Depth
FrC:e 62 To 77 Ft._
Frc:.,.,To Ft._
6.\~A?KS;_
\~C .'i".=iEaY CERTiFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCT20 IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAc 2C,WELL
CC.'.STF'lUCTiON STANDARDS,AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD HAS SEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER.
Depth Material Method
Frc,'"":i 0 To 52 Ft.grout slurry
Frcm 52 To 62 Ft.bentonite
14 SCP.EiON:
SIGNATURE O~CCNi"::lACTOFl OR AGI;NT OAj~
Submit Qtiginal to OiviSicr'l of Environmentsl Mal1agement and copy to well owner.
i
•
•
/
SK-l.
SK-Z.OP-I•<I!-
SK-l.MW-IOS
I
p-sOop-,
1/
~L!=
i
I "g
B
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THIS ORAWING IS F'QR
!Nf'O~MMION ONI.Y.All.
INF'ORMATION SHOULD all:f'IE1D
V~RIFiE:O_
.-\.LC.-\.TEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
Raleigh.NC
BACKGROUND VOCS AND METALS,AND OFFSITE
GE;OPROBE LOCATIONS -FIGURE 4
o P-2
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i!bRIANGlE
, ,ENVIRONMENTAL
'\,INC.RAI..;:ICH,N.C.
WILMINGTON.,"-I,C.
CjojARLOn~.N.C.
DRILLING CONTRACTOR:American Env.Drilling
'~:_:·':~~~~~·~:::;f~~~?F9~~~~~~1?~i~~;~~;:~·~?·~:~~~QUA[l,·Na,;~%~:~~ew'~15saUAt:;N~,/·",,\·L>J~::,/!;,,--~n"":~~~~$~~~~~~;~;iii=:;l:;;ri:~~;~·i~:,;_
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WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
Nc:~~Carolina ~Department of Environment,Health,and Natural Rescurces
Division of Environmental Management -Groundwater S8c~ior.
P.O.Bo<29535 •Raleigh.N.C.27626·0535
Phone [phone]•
DRILLER REGISTRATION NUMBER:1436
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION
PERMIT NUMBER:MW-1Ss
1.WELL LOCATION:(Show sketch Of the location below)
Nea,est Town:Raleigh County:_w~a,,"k:=e _
Wake Forest Road
27609
(Road.Community.or Subdivision and [.o(Na.)
2.OWNEi'l PEPSI Cola Bottling of Raleigh
ADDRESS 2838 Wake Forest Road
(Sireet or Route No.)
Raleigh,N,C.
DEPTH
F'rom Too-23
refusal at 23'
DRILLING LOG
Formation De$cri~tion
alluvium
If additional space is needed usa back af form
State Zip Code
USE OF WELL :..MW"'----------
City or Town
3.DATE DRILLED 6/29/98
4.TOTAL DEPTH 23 ft.
5.CUTTINGS COLLECTED YES ~NOn
6.DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL?YES 0 NOI x I
7.STA,IC WATER LEVEL 8elcwTop of Casing:12 FT.
(Use A_A if Above To~of Casing)
8.TOP OF CASiNG IS 0 FT AbOve Land Surface"
•casint;;l iel'"minated at'or below land $urlaca is iIIegallmfe.ss a varfancQ is Issued ----------
in aCC::Ircanea 'Nitli 1,SA NCAC 2.C .0118
9.YiE,-D (gpm):n fa METHOO OF TEST ---..JOO"/"'3L-_10.':::,,,\ZONES (depth):---'o"-'/c.oa'--_
11.CHLORINATION:Type _n::../"'a Amcunt _
12.CASiNG:=~==~==~~=~~==~====~=
Depth Piam.'.,
Fro""_---"'O__To -----'5:::......_Ft._::.2__
Frpc;To Ft.---
FrCel Tc Ft._
13.GROUT:
WaH 7hickr'leS5
or Wsi~Ml1F't.Materialscli.40_-,-P..:.,VC=--
LOCATION SKETCH
(Show direction and distance from at least two State
Reads,or other map referenoe paints)
Depth Material Method
Frcm 2 To 4 Ft.bentonite
FrQm 1 To 2 Ft.grout slurry
14.SCF.EE;N:
Depth Diameter Slot Size Material
Frcr71 5 To-2LFt-L in...JllQ..in.PVC
Frcm Tc __Ft.__in.__in.SEE BACK
FiCr:l To ___Ft.__in.__io.
15.SA,,<DiGRAVEL PACK:
Depth Size Material
Free;4 To 22 Ft.12-20 fine silica sand
Fr"C:.i To Ft.
16....',IARKS:_
~c c,:ClE3Y CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C,WELL
cC.',snUCTION STANDARDS,AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD HAS SEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER.
r:::.W-l RE'I,g~i
SIONATURE OF CONTRACTOR OR AGENT OAT.
Submit ariginallo Oivisiol1 of Environmental Manasement and COpy to well owner,
•
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-t LEGEND:
I NOTE:~"ONITORINC WEll.
fHIS DRAWING IS tOR'e rU:COVE:~Y WSl.Lr--',JNi='OR1'-I.TlON ONLY.ALI.
I
INFORMATION SHOULD i.rl!Ul 6-INJECTION W,w.
Y~RlFIW.
•8K ~9ACKGROUNO '=-OJNfLzooa •OP:;:;:GE:OPR08E POINT
!lOp ~OF;:'Sm::OEOPR08EIPOINTGRAPHICSCALI;:(F't~)
Oe-zo?-I?-lo
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J21P.!ANGLE
ENVIRONMENTAL
"':INC.~AI"C:IOH.N.C.
Wll.MINCTON•.'t,C.
CHA.!1l"OTT€.N.:;,
.-\.LC.-\.TEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
Raleigh,NC
BACKGROUND VOCS AND METALS,AND OFFSITE
GE:OPROBE LOCATIONS -FIGURE 4
PROJ.'Ol-003-0209 IDAT;:IOI9S
:~,~~~on of ~nvi~o~cnr.al Ma~4g~mQnt ~G~~u~~wat@~seccion
fI,O.50X 295];'-~ale.q:h,N,G.2'i62J5~Q5~~
Ph.QM (919)7]]-J221
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
~ING CONTRACTOR:G~olog::..,::~:,CJl o:r;a':..i.on.Inc.
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION
DRl~LER REGISTRATION NUMBER:1175 PERMIT NUMBE?:_...:.>4-''-'--~
1.".
DRILLlNG LUG
tram l'
~,:),l Q.~.
to,C'2:).~'
20.:)•25.:).
25.:)•1!S,O'
2ei.:),:42":)•
2i 609
Z'p Code
'tlE:"L MONITOR3 .
4 .
5.
6.
7 ,
~~~Y or Town St~Ie
=A=~DRILLED 8-20-97 USE Of
:~=AL DEPTH 142.0 2SETc,::':'r~GS COLLEC-r£D ":S3 Ix:~o I Icc:;:s ~Er.t REPLACE EXI3T:!;NG w£t~?YES I I NO IX I
S:A~:C WAT~R L£VEr.Below Top oi Ca3:~q:FT
(Us~".L."~t"AbO'l€!::~?0:':a,Sl:'lgl
8.':'~?~E"CASlNG IS 0.0 ~':'.:=".oove ~a.nd.Sut"::ac@1I
~Caa~~=e~ae.~at/or E~I¢w iand ~U;~aca i~i~lQqal ~.~S ~
va.:=:=..a...~OQ
is i~~~Q~Ln ace¢~~ca wi~~15A N~C 2c .0118
9.'-7''"'().N/A Ml'-COD 0--~,~'I!Ac:,~.~~R zg~~S'(oepthi;"N!".'._0,•.
cc.~~~CRrNATION:Type N/A
1?:;'.3:~IG:
least
~CC~~~ON Of S~Z~CH
(Show di:::e-:;:;:on ai:.:d.':'stance fl:'o~~t
~Qad$1 or o~~e m~~=ef@~@nce PCi~t3.)
SC;;,4C
:.1aIl 1'~~~l:.lleg~
:'::'a.;;:e,:e::,0:~tei".'i.tl<~..:1~';;;~::::'3.:"
~"'I:.\!Irial Me;::i.cdS'~.\;'CRT:";':'iD ;';::~170N~:~_-"so"""",,,,,~·,__
O~~rne':e=s:o~3i:e Ma~e=::'al
F~,2.,J .l,;":,,',r..:)in.?~JC
oe~e;j
'!~74.0
~:?ZE?N~-to Si,0
Dept.h
:=:~l32.0 To l4Z.0
:':::~"i).0
::-:~J.J
::"3.~?,c;L':':
14.
,."'~To ____,no __in.
____in.in.'1::::.;-To r~.
15.S.'.iiD7GIDiV8L PACK:
D~pr.h ~~~er",==~10 L42·0 rl:.12-2()
M;:I1;;~:'':'al
f::-:E 3a:Q sANtl
t'==:::10 ___'C._
~00 HERE8Y CERTIfY T~AT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANC~WITH 15A NCAC 2C,WELL
C::NS7RIJCTION STANDAROS,AND THAT A COpy 0,THIS RECORD HAS BEEN 2ROVIDED TO THE WELL OwNER.
9/91
DATE
I,
'-----'1
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&iR1ANOU:
ENVIRONMENTAL
-":INC.RAL£IGH N C
WIL.MINcrON",'N,C.
Ci-1ARLOTT2.N,C,
•
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•op;;;GE:OPfi06(pOINToP~aFi"~ITt Ci(OilRce~
POINT
LEGEND:e ~ONITORINC wE:w.e RECOVERY w~w..
$INJECrlON wEw..
•
I PPQJ.•OI-Ooo-0209 IDATE·10/98
I
NOTE:
1,,"IS O~AWING IS rOR
INF'O~!vIArION ON!,.Y.All.
INFOR!JAllON SHOUL.O at FIE:LO
VEi!.lFiE:D.
I 200 0
1I
!!GRAPHIC SCALE (FEET)
_-'..LCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
Raleigh,NC
BACKGROUND VOCS AND METALS,AND OFFSITE
GEOPR08E LOCATIONS -FIGURE 4
o p-z0'-1P-5o
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RT;G:'C!:P.STREET
~--...-"",-_.-
~~'-'~:3:'~:'1 ()~;:;[].vircmrnl3'ncal l1anagemer'l-:;"G;:Q\l:'1d~ace.c :Ol1c::ion
P.O.Box 29.;iJS -R'I:'e.tgh,~.G,2762';'i-C5:iS
Phone (919)13j-JZ21
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
n.ING CONTRACTOR:G~olog':'c z:x-=,lo:;.ation,!nc.
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTIONDRILLERREGISTRATIONNUMBS?:1175 PERMIT NUM8ER:_
1.W"i':'-..L LOCATION:(Show SKei:Cn ot the location b-e""li"o"w""!")---------------
DRl.11~NG -LOG
WAKE
r~lJm "0
0.:)'7.0'
7.0'25 _I)'
7.5.w·27 .(),
27.:)'56.0'
Lot No.)
27609
Nea.::-est Town:__RA--=L",E",I",Gc-",--·-----------------r Count y :
2912 WAKE FOREST RD DEPTH
(~oac,2omrnunity,Or Subalv~5~on and
2.C~~~ALCATEL NETWORK S,STEMS
ADDR~SS 2912 WAKE FOREST RD
(Street or Rou"e No.)
Zl?Code
'NELL ~ONITORJ.
4.
5,
6,
J,
C~~y or Town Stac~
DACE DR!LLED 8~22-97 USE OF
~8~AL DEPTH 56_0 tEE7
CD7':'::l'(jS COLLEctED ':.::.s :x I NO I I
:;eES ~2.I.T..R.E:?LACE:EXISTING WE:Ll.7 ?':;S:I NO iXI
S~~:~:~Ar~R LEVEL 6elow Top of Cas:nq:~t~
(U:!E!~~,':..~A];love "::I:lp ~:Ca.:!;:,:",;:-
8.TC?::;CASING IS 0.0 E"T Move::"<$.;!.d Surt'ace"
*ca~~q ~.~nat~d ~t7Qr below Ianct surfac~i~i~lQqal ~sss ~
va..r~~QQ
i..!I i"'~'l.:.e<i i...l=l,.;iL~:::::ord.anca w1,th l~~NCA.C ZC .OllSc.'-_.-(0 ).N/A "-T··Co 0-m-o,."/'...._c...~_-,g~m .l L·~~t::I:.!..:..~....._.....
1','rl_:'_::~?ZONES (depch):N/.:l.----''---"'--------
"c.C:'::::2-:N<'.'l'lON:TypE NO.
l2.C.=-.s::rG:
LCCATION OF SKETCH
(Show di!:'~C\:;ion ,ar..d G.isL.~r.c;:f:::om at leasi:::-";0 Stat~
~~~7~JIZ!D Roacts,Or othe map r~fe~s~c~points.)
il'o11~O::'s.J.cknIit3-!l
::::'~;;;e::~=0t ~~~g!:.e.IF1;..~1e."::I!:::'a':'
26,iJ f~,2 :::c:-:
30,')f:::.S:/~:::C:-:
To "._
- -~_._.,,',~,)--,;'j
1~,
[)ept~
__J •••_'--),,,J'----_T~)27.0
Deoth O':'a~l!l':::e=S':'8C S~:;I!Ma::;e::':'aJ.-r:~;-:.:;'6.0 To 515.0 Ft_2.8 i;'l,.010 i.r..~vc:
"'Co to ~__;t.___c,,,___in._
___b.F::::;;To ;"t _
15.SA~:/G~VEL PACK:
De;;>l;;:'I S~::e
="~~----U_._,_ro ......l..i:....2........1;'1:;,~:::·;zo
___i:'\.
Mat~~~i1.l.f":1'fE :0:L:;:c.\&AMD
r==~_~_~o n.__
BENTONITE SEAL fROM 27.0 TO 33.0 ,EET
:SO EEREBY CERTIfY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRDCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C,WELL
CC,ST?OCTION STANDARDS,AND TH.'IT A COpy CF THIS RECORD Hi'.S BEEN P"OVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER.
9/91
SI DATE
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ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
Raleigh,NC
BACKGROUND VOCS AND METALS,AND OFFSITE
GECPR08E LOCATIONS -FIGURE 4 •
SK -:;:;B;,CKCnOUNO ':'OIN"i
GP ~GtOpp.OaE POINT
I PROJ.'Ol-OOJ-0209 IPATi:10/98F"tl,.l;;,P,\O'5S ··.02~';;\OZC9Rf"I2
jARLANGL.E
,E:1V1RONMENTAL
I'..INC.RALt:JCI-!,N,C,
WILM1NGTON.N.C.
O'M!l.OTTE.N.C.
RL-c:q,;:!.$~EET
f--j r,"W-~11LL::,.l,L...'SMI:~
O~V~~lOfi of ~nviro~en~~~~anaqe~~n~-Gtjunc~a~e~~~t~Qn
P.O.2Cl~~?9S:;5 -;;'alelgn,~,:::.27626-0S35~!":IO:1~('H3J i33-J221
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION
DRILLER REGISTRATION NUMBER:1175 PERMIT NUMBER:--------
DRILLl.NG ",OGWAKE
~=am TO
:J.:l':'.:J'
i.O'Hi.:l'
19.:),;~.5
to5.:5 '";i,~,,7 .~']~.O'
NO I I
NO IXi-",.
27609
ZlP Coos
WELL MONITOR
1.WELL LOCAT ION:(Show ske t eR 0 f t~"'!'o~c~a~t'!'l."'!'o~n~b~e~l"'!'o'!'w'."i)---------------
Nea r:es t Town:-=-RA=L:..:E:..:I:...G;:..:H"-----.,.,Coun t y :.DEPTH2912WAKEFORESTRD
3.
4.
5.
6.7 .
(Reac,Commun~ty,or SUDdiv~s:on anc Lot No.)
2.C~~ER ALCATEL NETWORK S~STEMS
A~DRESS 2912 WAKE fOREST RD
(St.sst or Rou"s No.)
C~~y or Town Sta=e
~ATS DRILLED 8-23-97 USE Of
TCT~~DEPTH 3~.O fE~T
C'::':;'''!:'rNGS COT..!.ECTED ££5 IX I
L:;CES i'i'E:LL REPUCE F;XrS'I'!NG WE::"':'"?'(E:S I I
S7~~~C WATE~1EV~~Below Too of :~sina:~1.0
IUse ~"""~;:Above ;~i;J of ':J..!i:':1gl -
8.':'~?OF CASJ;NG IS 0,0 .=~Abcv~Land Su=:face""
*Ca3i..=:.c;~az::n.i..natq,d at/or Eelow .Land.3ur:fa~1o):i..!1 illQga.l unJ,..~$a
va..::=:l.~~~Q
.i.3 .1.~="!;I9d.in "'¢cordan~1!!I w:i.t.~.1.SA NCdc 2C .0118
9_..',:"Lc;J Igpm):N/A MST"OD 0:TES';'CI/A
H.·i:'.T"?ZONES Icspthl :_..oNc./-'.~'-_~_
,:~:'8RINAT::::ON :
:::.:"S:UG:
Type N/.~A..mo Ufl'C_..oN-,/..oA:.._
;./al~rhl~l<I'le~,
::)':'.:.;:\13::8::Ot ~eJ.;;-ht:/;t.:-la::e::=':'a.:.LOCATION OF SKZTCH
(Show di.!;'ec-:::ion ~~c:di;:H:anci;!;:-orn ac le-asL;.t"NO Sta:::!
Roads,0:a~h@ ~p ~ef@r@~L~poi~~S.i
'7 ~;<."'I'"fl".,c!"
,:"SB
___in.___,no:-':.
LJ!.,~;;:\e:;e=Slot:si:!:e :-!a::e,~:".a':'n.!.,~.in.
____Ft.
---"'~--
."---
--,,,-,,,--_2t.!:~rc:,;c;::::;~0 ""'.5
=:-::=:'.1"0
':'~~-,,,
13 -GReUer :
OeDt:!
r~~::-,0 .0 70 ,-S"',
__J."1"014SCREEN:
De?th
:=~~,,,
=;;;:To
___in.in _?'=-:l:TI Ta :'':.15.SAND/GRAVEL PACK:
Depth s:..~~
'~".:l ~o l't._
<=::::1 ro ~~__".
MW-13d ---
16.?,E:Mi'.RKS:~1#1 OPEN HOLE COMPLETION FROM 27.S fEET TO 35.0 rEET.
:00 HEREBY CERTIfY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTSD IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C,WELL
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS,AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO T"E WELL OWNER.
9/91
SIGNATU~ON~ROR AGENT DATE
BACKGROUND VOCS AND METALS,AND OFFSITE
GEOPR08E LOCATIONS -FIGURE 4
•
•
•
LEGEND:
~MONITORING WEll.e I1:(COVC:RY w;:!.:..
-$INJECilON w€L!.
•eK:::;SACKCROUNO ?OINT
•OP ~~£,OF~oe£'POJNtoP01on-SrTr C~OPROe~
1701N1
o
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GR~?HIC SCALE (F'~tT)
,
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t;;;;1;;;:;:;;;;:;:;;1
..tiQJI;
THIS I':R'AWING 1$ro~
iNFORMATION ONl.Y.Af.L.
INrOR'MAiION SHOUIJJ SE f1E!..DVt.1:Jrie:o.
_.\.LCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS,INC.
Raleigh,NC
]~L
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p_,Oo,-,
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.,EmWONMENTAL
---I~C.~AI".s:jOH+N,C.
WILMINGTON.N.C.
CHARLOTTE:.N.C.
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!,.l.l.S.~li"'"L -
•
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BORING LOG BORING NO.P-l PAGE 1 OF 1
LOCATION;Pepsi Bottlillg of Raleigh DATE COMPLETED:4/7/98 PROJECT No.01-00:;-0109t---.•SCREtN LOGGED
TOTAL OEPTH (n.\,11'GRDWTR.DERTH:-9'DEPTH:none BY:MHHf-----..-..SCREEN CHECKED
GROUND ELI::V.(MSL):-Tic I::LEV (MSL):-INTER.BY'
DERTH ELEV.UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION I LITH-ISLW CNT SAMPLE SI COMMENTS(FEET)(MSL)OLOGY (1FT)NO.
Gray to Tan
Silty Micaceous Sand
4 --(SM).-
Gray to Tan Alluvium
Silty Miccweous Sand
(SM)
8
~Water Elev.-9'
Gray Clayey
Micaceous San.d (se)-
Alluvium
j "~12/Boring Termin.ated at
EOU/PMENT:GEORROSE ~RIANGLENOTI::S:SI -SCREI::N INTeRVAL -ENVIRONMENTAL
ALL DI::PTHS SHOWN IN FeO.-'INC.
MSL -MEAN SEA LI::VEL (FT.)-RALElGH,N.C,WlLMINcrON.N.C.
Form Prepared By KF -CHARWTT]i:.N.C.
•
•
•
.
BORING LOG BORING NO.P-2 PAGe 1 OF I
LOCATION;~epsi Bottling of Rllleigh DATE COMPLETED:4/7/98 PROJECT No.01-003-0109
TOTAl DEPTH (FT.);19'SCReEN lOGGeD
GRDWTR.DEPTH:-W'DEPTH,n01)e BY,MHH
GROUND ElEV.(MSl);-Tic ElEV (MSl):-SCREEN CHECKOD
INTER.BY:
DEPTH ICLEV UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION lITH-SlW CNT SAMPle SI COMMENTS(FeET)(MSI.)OlDGY (1FT)NO.
Silty to Clayey
Micaceous Sand
6 (SM-SC)-f----
Gray-Tan Clay (CL)
7 Silty to Clayey --
Micaceous Sand
9
(SM-SC)
--'---_."'y !Vater Elel·.-10'
-Gr,3y-Tan Clay (GL)-
Alluvium
12 -_....-
Gr:ly Clay (CL)
15 -----Silty to Clayey
Micaceous Sand
20 -(SM-SC)
---:-Terminated at 20'Boring
\
eqUIPMENT,GEOPROBE ~RlANGLENOTES,SI -SCREeN INTeRVAl -ENVIRONMENTAL
All DEPTHS SHOWN IN FeET.-"INC.
MSl -MEAN SEA lEVel (FT.)-RALEIOH.N.CWILMINGTON.N.C.
Form Pr~parf;!d By KF -CHARLoTIE,N,C
•
•
•
--.-.--_..._-----
BORING LOG BORING NO.P-3 PAGE 1 OF 1
LOCATION,Pep8i Bottling of Raleigh OATE COMPLETEO;4/7/98 PROJECT No.01-003-0109f--------SCREEN LOGGEDTOTALOEPTH(FT.):19'~~RDWTR.OEPTH,-15'DEPTH:none BY,MHH'-'---._-._-----SCREEN CHF.:CKEOGROUNDELEV.(MSL):-T/C "LEV (MSL):-INTER.BY'
DEPTH ELEV.UNIFIEO CLASSIFICATION LlTH-BLW CNT SAMPLE SI COMMENTS(FEET)(MSL)OLOGY (1FT)NO.
Silly to Clayey
Micaceous Sand
6 (SiYf-SC)
-f----
Dark Gray to Brawn
Clay (CL)Alluvium
8 -r---'--
Gray to ran
Sandy Clay (CL)
..Y Water Elev.-15'
-
19 -f-____
Boring Termin8 ted 8 t 19'
.
EOUIPMENT;GEOPR08E ~mA,NGLENOTEs,SI -SCREF.:N INTERVAL -ENvrRONMENTAL
ALL DEPTHS SHOWN IN FEO.-,INC_
MSL -MEAN SEA LEVF.:L (FT.)-rlALEIGH,N.C
WILMlNGTON,N.C.
Form P]'(:tpared By KF -CHARLoTIE,N.C
•
•
•
BORING LOG BORING NO.MJY-4dd PAGt:1 OF 1
LOCATION;Ale.tel NetlVo,'k Systems OATt:COMPLCTW;8/21/97 PROJrCT No.D!-003-0109
--~-"SCffiN lOGGEDTOTALDt:PTH (rT.):142 GROWTR.OEPTH;100'DEPTH:132'8Y:MIiH
(MSL):-T!C ELEY (MSL):-SCREEN , ,CHECKEDGROUNDELEV.INTER.132 -142 8Y:
DEPTH ElEV.UNIFIED CLASSIFICATiON UTH-BLW CNT SAMPLE lSI COMM~NTS(F~ET)(MSl.)OlOGY (1FT)NO.I
SapproJite (SM-SC)
20 '"f--
Partially Weathered
25 Bedrock
-r"--
Granite I
37 -
Gneiss
49 -f--
Granite
85
Gneiss
"T Gr,~nite
-Y Water Elev.100'
-102--t-.-t--"
Granite
l-
I-~~
142-+-,r::::End of Boring
I
EaUIPMENL Mua ROTARY ~R[ANGLENOTES;SI -SCREEN INTERVAL -ENVIRONMENTAL
Al.L DEPTHS SHOWN IN Ft:ET.-INC.
MSl.-Mt:AN SEA L~VEL (FT.)-RAl..EIGH,N.C,WlLMINGTON,N,C.
Form Prepar.d By KF -CHARLoTT~.N.C
•
BORING LOG SORING NO.MW-14d PAGE 1 OF 1
~~OCATI~~:Alcatel Network S..'1Slenl5 DATE COMPLETED:8!20!97 PROJECT No.01-003-0109
SCReEN LOGGEO2:?TA~EPTH (FT.):56'GROWTR.DEPTH:8'DEPTH:38'8Y:Mlflf._.
SCREEN , ,CHECKEDGROUNDELtV.(MSL):-T/C ELEV (MSL):-INTER.36 -56 8Y,
DEPTH ELEV.UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION LITH-SLW CNT SAMPLE 51 COMMENTS(FEET)(MSL)OLGGY (1FT)NO.
Con erete/l'ill -Y 8'7 ->----------f--..--Water Elev.
-
8approlite (8M-SC)
25 "~.
Partially Weathered
27 Bedrock
c-
Bedrock-Granite t:g
t:~
56 -.-F::End of Boring
EQUIPMENT:MUD ROTARY ~RIANGL£NOTES:51 -SCREEN INTERVAL -ENVIRONl.l£NTAL
ALL DEPTHS SHOWN IN fEO.-INC.
MSL ••MEAN SEA LEVEL (fT.)-RALEIGH.N,C
WILMINGTON,N.C.
Form Prepared By KF -CI-l'ARLOTI'Ii:.N,C,
•
•
•
---- -.-----~~~
BORING LOG BORING NO.MJY-13d PAGE 1 OF I
lOCATION;AlcateJ Network Systems DATE COMPLETED:8/21/07 PROJECT No.01-003-0109
TOTAl DEPTH (FT.):35'GRDWTR.DEPTH:-l1'SCREEN LOGGED
DEPTH:none BY:MHH
(MSL):-T!C ELEV (MSL):-SCRE5N CHECKEDGROUNDELEV.INTER.BY;
DEPTH ItLEV.UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION LlTH-!8LW CNT SAMPlE SI COMMENTS(FEET)(MSL)OLOGY (fFT)NO.
1 Concrete/fill
-y Water Elev,~1J'
Sllpprolite
SM to GM
27 T Competan t Bedrock-Granite
,)5 ._,-..
End Of Boring
I
EQUIPMENT,SIMCOE ~RIANGLENOTES,SI -SCREEN INTERVAL -ENVIRONMENTAL
ALl DEPTHS SHOWN IN FEET,-:\INC.
MSl -MEAN SEA LEVEl (FT.)-RALEIGH,N,C.
WILMINGTON,N.C.
Form Prepared By KF -CHARLOITE,N.C.
•
•
•
BORINC LOC BORING NO.MW-j5d PAGE I OF 1
LOCATION,Pepsi Bottling of Ro.1Ii.·igh DATE COMPLoTEO:7/14/98 PROJECT No.01-003-0209
e------"SCRoEN LOGGoO
ToTAL DEPH-I (FT.):77'GRDWTR.DEPTH:-12'DoPTH:77'8Y:NEB
GROUND oLEV,(MSL):-T!C ELEV (MSL):-SCREEN ,CHECKED
INTER.82-77 BY:
DEPTH I ELEV,I UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION LlTH-BLW CNT SAMPLE SI COMMoNTS(FEET)(MSL)OWGY UFT)NO.
_T Water Elel'.-12'
Alluvium :mic8.ceous
Silty S"nd (SM)--
23 .
Alluvium
Gravel &Cobble Sized
27 -Particles (GP)
Alluvium
Micaceous Silty Sand
(SM)
47 ~-.
Alluvium
Micaceous Silty Clayey
Sandy Silt (SM-SC)
55-
§
Bedl'ock Granite ~~~~
77 l:::
End of boring with air rotary
EQUIPMENT:mud rotary/air rcd::lry iJ;}.IANGLENOTES:51 -SCREEN INTERVAL -ENVIRONMENTAL
AtL DEPTHS SHOWN IN FEET.-.INC.
MSL ~MEAN SEA LEVEL (FT.)-RAl..EIGH,N.C;.
WlL..\HNGTON.N.C
For:t:)]Prep"'ed By KF -CHARWTI'E.N.C.
•
•
BORING LOG eORING NO.MlY-lOs PAGE 1 OF J
LOCATION'Pepsi Bottling 0[Raleigll DATE COMPLETED:6/29/98 PROJECT No.01-003-0J09
GRDWTR.OEPTH;-12'SCREEN 23'LOGGEDTOTALDEPTH(FT.):2.1'DEPTH,BY,AlHN
(MSL):-SCREEN 5 03'CHECKEDGROUND[LEV.Tic ELEV (MSl):-INTER.-4 BY:
DEPTH (LEV.UNIFIW CLASSIFICATION lITH-BLW CNT SAMPLE 51 COMMENTS(FEET)(MSL)OlOGY (1FT)NO,
r=-Y Water ElelT.-11'
t:::-
AJJulTium micaceous t:::Silty 8and (8M)~
23 -._";;:::
Refusal at 23'with auger
!
EQUIPMENT:Auge,'~RIANGL"!'NOTES:51 -SCREEN INTERVAL -ENVIRONMENTAL
ALL DEPTHS S"IOWN IN FEET.-~INC.
MSL -MEAN SEA LEVEL (FT.)-J~ALErGH,N,C
\'r'IU1INCTON.KC.
Form Prepa/"(~d By KF -CHAA.W'l'1'B,N.C
•
•
•
APPENDIXC
METHODOLOGIES
---...._-------.....
•
•
•
This section details the technical requirements and procedures for equipment,equipment
decontamination,sample collection,and sample/data analysis.
A.I Health and Safety Procedures for Facility Investigation
The Health and Safety Procedures are provided in the RCRA Facility Investigation for
AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994,Section 4.1 -Health and Safety Procedures
for Facility Investigation.
A.2 Field Instrument Calibration Procedures
All field instruments were calibrated prior to use.The calibration was accomplished
in accordance with standard manufacturer's instructions and schedules for the subject
instrument(s)to assure that the equipment is functioning within tolerances established
by the manufacturer.The calibration of the PID and PID,Specific Conductivity
meter,pH meter,and temperature meter is described in detail in the RCRA Facility
Investigation for AGe #1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994,Section 4.2.1 through
Section 4.2.4.
A.3 Procedures for Documentation of Field Activities
All document control.including the field notebook,sample identification,sample
labels,and custodian forms was performed as described in the RCRA Facility
Investigation for AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,Ocrober 1994.Sections 4.3.1 through
4.3.2.
3.4 Soil Sampling and Analysis
3.4.1 Soil Sample Collection Procedure
Soil samples for laboratory and field screening analysis were collected using a
stainless steel Geoprobe~soil sampler.
Discrete samples were collected at a predetermined depth using the Geoprobe
MacroCore soil sampler.This technique uses a 2.0-inch O.D.by four-foot
long stainless steel tube sampler.The borehole was advanced to a depth just
above the desired sampling depth.The sampler was retrieved and cleaned,or
replaced with a clean sampler prior to the collection of the sample.
The sampler is hydraulically pushed into the undisturbed soil for collection of
the sample.Samples are collected in transparent "zero-contamination"sleeves.
The top several inches of soil in each sampler shall be discarded to prevent
cross-contamination.Each sample was tield-characterized for color,grain
size,odor,etc.This data was entered in the project tield notebook.
Samples were collected in the order described in Section 4.7:Order of
Sample Collection.The samples were stored and/or shipped in EPA-
•approved containers.The location,depth,sample number and any other
pertinent infom1ation were recorded in the field notebook for each sample.
All reagents,containers and preservatives which will be associated with the
laboratory sample were prepared by the analytical laboratory prior to shipping
sample containers to the site.Samples collected for laboratory analysis were
immediately be maintained on ice in coolers in preparation for transport to the
analytical laboratory.
3.4.2 Equipment Decontamination
Equipment used for soil sampling (e.g.,hand auger,sampling spoon,
compositing bucket)will be decontaminated upon arrival at the site and
between borings according to the following procedure:
1.Pressure rinse with tap water to remove large particulate matter,
3.Thorough rinse with tap waler to remove soap,
2.Wash with Alconox solution,or equivalent.The interior and
exterior of sampling equipment will be thoroughly scrubbed to
remove particulate matter andlor Surface films,
•4.Allow to completely air dry,
•
Drilling equipment (hollow-stem auger,drilling rods,splil-spoon sampler.
etc.)and Geoprobe equipment (drive rods,samplers,etc.)will be
decontaminated upon arrival at the site and between borings according to the
following procedure:
1.Pressure rinse with tap water to remove large particulate matter,
2.Pressure wash with hot water (steam cleaning)and Alconox
soap,or equivalent.The interior and exterior of sampling
equipment will be thoroughly scrubbed to remove particulate
matter andlor surface films,
3.Thorough rinse with hot water to remove all wash solution.
3.4.3 Sample Containers,Preservation,and Analytical Parameters
Soil samples will be collected and analyzed in a manner sufficient to
•
•
characterize potential soil contaminants.Constituents of concern are:
Copper,lead,DCA.2-DCA,DCE,TCA.2-TCA,TCE.and PCE.
Immediately after collection,each laboratory sample will be placed in a
labeled,laboratory supplied container,maintained on ice (water or CO,),and
stored in a cooler.Sample containers and volumes will be consistent with the
requirements of the analytical methodology.The samples will be individually
packaged in bubble-wrap in order to reduce the possibility of container
breakage.
3.4.4 Analytical Methods
All samples were be analyzed as specified in "Test Methods for Evaluating
Solid Waste,EPA Publication SW-846 (Fourth Edition)."Soil samples were
analyzed for selected VOCs by EPA Method 8260 and selected metals by
Method.(Reference RCRA Facility Investigation/or AGC #1 and #2 Work
Plan,October 1994,Section 4.4.4 -Equipment Decontamination,page 37).
3.5 Ground Water Investigation
3.5.1 Monitoring Well Installation Procedures
All wells will be constructed in accordance with NCAC Title 15,Subchapter
2C,"Well Construction Standards Criteria and Standard Applicable to Water
Supply and Celiain Other Wells."Casing sizes and boring diameters may
vary as appropriate.
The Type II wells were installed using mud rotary and hollow stem auger
equipment.Soil cuttings and mud shall be examined and logged by the
supervising field geologist.The wells,constructed of two-inch PVC casing
and manufactured screen,shall be installed within the borehole.The annulus
between the well and the wall of the borehole shall be backfilled with clean
filter sand to a depth equivalent to two feet above the well screen.A two-foot
•
•
•
bentonite seal shall be placed atop the sand pack.The bentonite shall be
allowed to hydrate for a minimum of one hour.The remaining annulus shall
be backfilled with a neat Portland cement grout to the surface.The well head
will be completed with a locking cap, concrete pad,and flush-mount,bolt-
down Cover.
Boreholes for the Type III wells were advanced using 6.25-inch J.D.hollow-
stem auger or mud rotary equipment.The boreholes were advanced to the
bedrock surface.The boreholes were advanced within the bedrock using mud
rotary and air rotary hammer equipment.Cuttings were examined and logged
by the supervising geologist.
A six-inch PVC surface casing shall be installed,anchored into the bedrock,
and grouted in place.Once the grout has cured,a four-inch borehole was
advanced into the bedrock using air rotary techniques,or other Division
approved methods.One borehole into the bedrock will be cored.This core
shall be examined for fractures,degree of weathering,lithology,etc.Once at
the desired depth,a two·inch PVC well shall be installed within the open
borehole.The annulus between the waH of the borehole and the well wi11 be
backfiJIed with sand to a depth approximately two feet above the top of the
well screen.A bentonite seal,minimum five feet in thickness,sha11 be placed
atop the filter pack.The bentonite will be allowed to hydrate for a miniJnum
of three hours.The remaining annulus shall be backfilled to the surface with a
neat Portland cement grout.The well head will be completed with a locking
cap,concrete pad,and flush-mount,bolt·down cover.
The dri1ling rig shall be thoroughly steam cleaned prior to the initiation of
drilling activities.All equipment (split-spoons,tremie pipes,etc.)was
thoroughly decontaminated following the procedure described in Section 4.4.4:
Equipment Decontamination.This procedure was repeated between
boreholes.
•
•
The development of the wells was accomplished by manual and mechanical
pumping.All equipment which may come into contact with water in the well
shall be thoroughly decontaminated following the procedure described in
Section 4.5.4.Development continued until the water is reasonably clear.
The volume of purged water,its appearance,and monitoring values were
recorded in the field notebook.
Cuttings produced during drilling were containerized separately in 55-gallon
drums at the discretion of the supervising field geologist.The drums were
labeled appropriately.The drums shall be stored on site pending receipt of
laboratory analytical results for samples collected from the wells.Disposal of
all contained materials shall be in accordance with applicable State and Federal
regulations.Additional analyses may be required for waste characterization
profiling.
Water generated during the drilling procedures as well as development and
purge water was transferred to the treatment system influent through two 500
gallon High Density Polyethylene tanks.
(Reference ReRA Facility Investigationjor AOe #1 and #2 Work Plan,
October 1994,Section 4.5.1 -Monitoring Well Installation Procedures,page
39).
3.5.2 Ground Water Sampling and Analysis
3.5.2.1 Water Level Measurements
Prior to the collection of ground water samples from Geoprobe0 points,
open boreholes,or wells,and prior to the purging of wells for
sampling,the depth to static water level was measured and recorded.
Water levels were determined by lowering a measuring device to the
water surface.and measuring the total distance between the water
•
•
surface and the reference point.For boreholes and Geoprobe'"points,
the water level measurement were taken after water has been allowed to
equilibrate in the open borehole,or Geoprobe'"point.The water level
measurement will be referenced to the undisturbed ground surface for
these points.
Prior to measuring the water level in wells,the wells will be opened
and allowed to eq~.lilibrate for approximately one (1)hour before water
level measurements are taken.The reference points for measurements
in wells will be top of casing (T/C).In each measurement,the total
distance,or depth,will be recorded to the nearest 0.01 foot.For each
well,the depth to water value will be subtracted from the top of casing
elevation to determine the water level elevation at the measuring point.
Water level measurements for all wells for a given sampling event will
be obtained within a one (1)hour period to reduce the effects of water
leve1 fluctuation trends.
The portion of the water level measuring device that will enter the well
shall be decontaminated prior to and between each use according to the
procedure documented in Section 4.5.4 .(Reference RCRA Facility
Investigation for AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994,Section
4.5.2.2 ~Water Level Measurements,page 43).
3.5.2.2 Ground Water Sample Collection from Geoprobe'"
Points/Open Boreholes
Water samples collected using Geoprobe method.This incorporated the
use of a two-foot slotted intake sampler.Upon reaching the desired
sampling depth,the sampler was attached and advanced at least 3 feet
below the water table surface.Compressed nitrogen gas was then used
•
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•
to "purge"the intake portion of the samplers and allow aquifer water to
enter the intake interval.
A 114"0.0.(3/16"J.D.)flexible Polyethylene tubing was then
inserted into the probe.Two methods of borehole development and
sample collection were employed;1)The sample tubing is in tum
connected to 112"0.0.(1/4"1.D.)PVC hose attached to a peristaltic
pump,and 2)a small stainless steel check valve was attached to the end
of the tubing and the sample was collected by gently thrusting and
withdrawing the tubing within the rods.The method selected
depended upon the borehole yield.
Following probe development,a clean laboratory supplied 40 ml VOA
vial is placed on the discharge end of the pump or tubing.A ground
water sample is then drawn into the container in a manner such that
sample agitation and volatilization of organic constituents is minimized.
New tubing was used for each sample location.The sample is then
placed in a previously prepared laboratory container and maintained on
ice pending analysis.
3.5.2.3 Ground Water Sample Collection from Wells
Ground water samples were collected from each monitoring well (both
new and existing)at the site.Prior to sampling,the water levels were
measured according to the procedures described in Sections 4.5.2.2.
The wells will be purged of a minimum of three (3)well volumes or
until dry,whichever occurs first.Purging was accomplished by either
manual bailing with a dedicated,disposable PVC bailer or pumping
with a pneumatic pump.New tubing (when pumping)and rope (when
bailing)are used If a pump is used,it will be thoroughly
decontaminated prior to and between uses according to the procedures
documented in Section 4.5.4.The volume of water in each two-inch
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•
•
well shall be calculated per the following formula:
v '"(length of water column In well)*0.163 galift.
The volume of water purged from each well and any observations is
recorded in the proper notebook.All purge water is containerized and
transferred to the treatment system influent tanle
Sampling shall he performed as soon as practical following the purging
Or development of the wells.The samples shall be collected using
dedicated,disposable,PVC bailers and dedicated nylon rope.
Samples shall be collected by slowly lowering the bailer in the well to a
depth just beneath the surface of the water in the welL The bailer will
be carefully retrieved and the sample shall be decanted into laboratory-
supplied containers and clean containers for field screening.Once
collected,laboratory samples shall immediately be maintained on ice.
Following collection,each sample shall be field characterized for color,
odor,etc.This data shall be entered in the project field notebook.The
location,sample number,and other pertinent information shall also be
recorded in the field notebook for each sample.Samples for metals
analysis will not be filtered in the field,therefore,samples will not be
preserved with acid.
The samples shall be stored and/or shipped in laboratory supplied
containers.All reagents,containers and preservatives which will be
associated with the laboratory analysis of samples will be prepared by
the analytical laboratory prior to shipping sample container to the site.
Samples collected for laboratory analysis will immediately be
maintained on ice in coolers in preparation for transport to the
analytical laboratory.(Reference ReRA Facility Investigation for AGe
#1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994,Section 4.5.2.5 -Ground Water
•Sample Collection trom Wells,page 44).
4.5.2.6 Packer Test Method
The packer test methodology for the isolation and sample collection of
higher yielding water bearing zones was modified from the Packer
Hydraulic Conductivity Test procedures outlined in the 'Standard
Handbook for Solid and Hazardous Waste Facility Assessments,Chapter
5 -Environmental Testing and Chapter 6 -Fractured Rock Assessments
(Martin Sara,1993).
The double packer method using bottom pump placement will be
applied during the construction of the telescoping borehole.The boring
is drilled to the desired depth and 10"PVC casing is grouted in-place
and allowed to set for twenty four hours.The six inch diameter air
hammer hole is advanced to within two feet below the bottom of the
water bearing zone.The drill rods are removed and replaced with the
packer assembly,The assembly consists of two inflatable packers
placed end-to-end connected to a two inch OD steel pipe and a
submersible pump attached to the bottom of the pipe.
The packer assembly is lowered into the borehole to a depth near the
top of the subject water bearing zone,Water level measurements are
collected to detennine the water level in the borehole.The packers are
inflated to isolate the subject zone from other zones.The gas pressure
is monitored and the borehole water level is measured for
approximately 15 minutes.No significant changes in pressure and
stabilization of the water level indicates that an adequate seal has been
created and maintained,
The ground water is then evacuated from the borehole through the steel
piping,The physical characteristics of the ground water,pH,
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•
conductivity,and temperature,are periodically measured.Stabilization
of these parameters indicate that the borehole water is representative of
the aquifer.Samples will be collected for field screening procedures as
outlined in Section 4.5.2.7 Ground Water Field Screening and for
laboratory analyses as outlined in Section 4.5.2.5:Ground Water
Sample Collection from Wells
4.5.2.7 Ground Water Field Screening
A portable SRl gas chromatograph instrument may be used for field
screening analysis of ground water samples.The instrument prOVides
detection of organic compounds using a photo ionization detector (PID)
or flame ionization detector (PID)using head space or purge and trap
procedures.
The following Table illustrates the applicability of the use of both the
PID and PID for t'ield screening of chlorinated VOCs by comparing the
response factors vs ionization potentials of those targeted compounds.
Compound Response Factor IOnization Potential (eV)
PCE 1.47 9.32
TCE 1.85 9.45
I,l,I-TCA 0.95 11.00
1,I,2-TCA 1.05 11.00
1,I-DCE 2.04 9.79
I,2-DCA 1.12 11.05
1,I-DCA 1.43 11.06
note·The response factors are from the "Foxboro OVA Century
Response Chart Relative to Methane Calibration"table.The
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Ionization Potential is from the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical
Hazards.
Headspace Method
Approximately 20 ml of water will be placed in a 40 ml VOA sample
container following confirmation of the stabilization pH,temperature,
and specific conductiviry.The sample and container will then be
placed in a water bath to heat the sample to a constant temperature for
five minutes.Dissolved volatile compounds will be transferred to
vapor phase and collected in the headspace of the sample container
during the heating process.Once heated,a sample of headspace gas
will be collected by itjjecting a syringe into the sample container via the
Tet10n"septa in the lid of the container.(See SRI User's Manual and
Reference Guide,1991)
To Obtain separation of the various compounds in a sample,a stream of
ultra-zerO air (carrier gas)passes through a gas chromatograph colurtrn
and then into the detector.The collected 100 JlI (may vary depending
on concentration)headspace air sample will then be itjjected into the
carrier gas stream through a manual injection port using a sample
syringe.The separation of compounds from the ultra-zero air is
accomplished within the chromatograph column,each chemical taking
its own characteristic time (retention time)to be carried through the
column to the detector.Calibration standards will be prepared and run
for the target compounds.Standard runs,quality control syringe blanks
and ultra-zero air runs will be made periodically to ensure sampling
equipment integrity and instrument response.
4.5.3 Quality Control for Ground Water Sample Collection
In addition to the certified laboratory's quality control procedures,trip blanks
•were also collected.
4.5.4 Equipment Decontamination
Equipment used for the sampling of water from borings,Geoprobe"points,
and wells,with the exception of field screening meters,vacuum pumps,etc.,
shall be dedicated for each boring.The vacuum pumps,etc.,do not come into
contact with water samples;therefore,no formal decontamination procedures
are required.Containers used for the collection/holding of field screening
samples shall be decontaminated between borings according to the follOWing
procedure:
L Rinse with tap water to remove large particulate matter,
2.Wash with Alconox soap,or equivalent.The interior and
exterior of containers will be thoroughly scrubbed to remove
particulate matter and/or surface films.Meters will only be
thoroughly rinsed,
•3.Thorough rinse with tap water to remove soap,
•
4.Allow to completely air dry,
4.5.5 Sample Containers,Preservation,and Analytical Parameters
Ground water samples will be collected and analyzed in a manner sufficient to
characterize potential water contaminants.Constituents of concern are:
Copper,lead,DCA,2-DCA,DCE,TCA,2-TCA,TCE,and PCE.
Immediately after collection,each laboratory sample will be placed in labeled,
laboratory supplied containers,maintained on ice (water only),and stored in a
cooler.Sample containers and volumes will be consistent with the
requirements of the analytical methodology.The samples will be individually
packaged in bubble-wrap in order to reduce the possibility of container
breakage.(Reference RCRA Facility Investigation for AGC #1 and #2 Work
•
•
•
--..._-----------
Plan,October 1994,Section 4.5.5 -Sample Containers,Preservation,and
Analytical Parameters,page 47).
4.5.6 Analytical Methods
All samples will be analyzed as specified in "Test Methods for Evaluating
Solid Waste,EPA Publication SW-846 (Third Edition)."Ground water
samples will be laboratory analyzed for selected VOCs by Method 8260.
Samples shall be analyzed for selected metals (total)by Method 6010.Field
filtering of samples shall not be conducted.If the quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC)procedures followed by the analytical laboratory chosen for
this project differ from the QA/QC procedures followed by a typical CLP,the
Division shall be notified.(Reference RCRA Facility Investigation/or AGC #1
and #2 Work Plan,October 1994,Section 4.5.4 -Equipment Decontamination,
page 46).
(Reference RCRA Facility Investigation/or AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,
October 1994,Section 4.5.6 -Analytical Methods,page 47).
4.7 Order of Sample Collection
Samples shall be collected in order,starting with the suspected "clean"and
ending with the suspected most-contaminated sample.This sequence will be
followed for both solid and liquid samples.Sample aliquot from each location
will be collected and containerized in the order of volatilization sensitivity of
the parameters of concern.Samples will be collected in the following order:
First -VOCs,Second ~Metals,Third ~Field Parameters.(Reference RCRA
Facility Investigation/or AGC #1 and #2 Work Plan,October 1994,Section
4.7 -Order of Sample Collection,page 53).
•
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- - -.-'-'-"---,-.,-,.-
APPENDIX D
LABORATORY REPORTS
•
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Natural Attenuation Survey and Background Copper and Lead Soil Concentrations
·----'",..'...~-...,-----~---------
ANAL YTICAL AND QUALITY CONTROL REP0Ffrll ~cg §TI W~~
~SEP 2 11998
Mike Haseltine 09/16/1998
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Enclosed is the Analytical and Quality Control Reports for tte
following samples submitted to HydroLogic -Frankfort for analysis:
Project Description:98-1158
Sample
Number Sample Description
21345
21346
21365
.~
T,"20
21421
21422
21423
21424
21425
21426
21427
21428
21429
21430
FIELD BLANK
L-l
MW-15S
MW-15D
BK-1A
8K-IB
BK-2A
BK-2B
BK-3A
BK-3B
MW-13S
MW-I0S
MW-9SK
MW-9DK
MW-12S
MW-14D
Date Date
Matrix Sampled Rece'·ved
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
SOIL 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
SOIL 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
SOIL 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
SOIL 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
SOIL 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
SOIL 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/13/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
WATER 08/14/1998 08/18/1998
The Quality Control report is generated on a batch basis.All
information contained in this report is for the analytical batch(es)
in which your sample(s)were analyzed.All anlytical batch(esJ are
initiated at 8:00 a.m.unless otherwise flagged on report.
•
All samples
in SW-846,
Examination
were analyzed according to
NPDES regulations,and
of Water and Wastewater.
Page 1 of 34
the RCRA guidelines described
Standard Methods for the
Project Representative
1J.01 TWILIGHT TR;',L ;:,~;',"i,~,,=-CrRT.KY 40601
.50n2H2.5;FAX:.502-8,.5-3>:'::;cc FREE 800-728-22.51
--------
'._m ~.~•
ANALYTICAL AND QUALITY CONTROL REPORT
Mike Haseltine 09/16/1998
ALC.ll.TEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:9S.02395
Enclosed is the Analytical and Quality Control Reoorts for the
following samples submitted to HydroLogic -Frankfort for analysis:
Project Description:98-1158
Sample
Number Sample Description
21431
21432
214332.4
MW-7D
MW-4S
FIELD BLANK
MW-4D
Matrix
WATER
WATER
WATER
WATER
Date
Sampled
08/14/1998
08/14/1998
08/14/199S
08/14/1998
Date
Received
08/1S/1998
OS/18/1998
08/18/1998
08/1S/1998
The Quality Control report is generated on a batch basis.All
i.nformation contained in this report is for the analytical batch(es)
in which your sample(s)were analyzed.All anlytical batch(es)are
initiated at 8:00 a.m.unless otherwise flagged on report.
All samples
in SW-846,
Examination
were analyzed according to
NPDES regulations,and
of Water and Wastewater.
Page 2 of 34
the RCRA guidelines described
Standard Methods for the
Project Representative
149".TWILlG~T ~,c"c"=o'·:KFORT.KY 40601
502-223-0251 FAX:502-.3-,-:'.;-0 cOll FREE 800-728·2251
1JV'DPO'3 O'f.:U'''l ~1U''}r j .:I .Jli1..~.J,'i.:Hu ~~HI iI.
ANALYTICAL REPORT
~""""""''I..''''"'"'''''''''''..t
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAM~LE DESCRIPTION
FIELD BLANK
SAMPLE NO,
21348
Analyte
6230D (GC/MS CONFIRMED AQ)
Benzene
Bromoh~nze:ne
Bromochloromethane
~.cdichlcromethane
form
Bl:.vi orne tl:lane
n-BlJ.~ylbenzene
sec~But"'.!lbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
ChlQrobenzene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chlorornethane
2 '~Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
1/2 m Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1/2 w Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
l,2-Dichloroben:ene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
l,4-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodif1uoromethane
trans-l,4-Dich1oro-2-butene
•
Method
6230D
Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0.80
<0.80
<0.50
<0.50
<0.80
<0.80
<0.50
<0.50
<0.80
<0.80
<0.50
<0.50
<0.80
<0.50
<0.80
<0.50
<0.80
<0.80
<0.50
<0.80
<0.50
<0.80
<0.80
<0.50
DATE-TIME SAMpLED
08/14/1998 14:45
Rep.Date
Limit units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/19~8
0.50 ug/L 08/28/1~98
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1~98
0.50 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/28/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/28/1~~8
0.50 ug/L 08/28/1~98
0.80 ug/L 08/25/1998
Page 3 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT T:1:\I1...F'1A~JKF081,«y ~0601
,~O:·:-22:;·025'1 FAX:SC2-875·6016 TOLL Ff1t~800·728-2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
client project 10:98-1158
An;;l~yte
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
FIELD BLANK
SAMPLE NO.
21345
l,l-Dichloroethane
1,2~Dichloroethane
l,l-Dichloroethene
cis-l,2-Dichloroethene
t~"n"-,l,2-DiChloroethene
1,ichloropropane
J.',Dlchloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
l,l-Dichloropropene
cis-l,3-Dichloropropene
tran:S-l,3~Dicbloropropene
Et.hylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
I"opropylben7.ene
I"opropryl ether IIPE)
p-I"opropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-terc·bucYl ether (MTBE)
Naphthalene
n-Propylben7.ene
Styrene
1/1,1,2~Tetrachloroethane
1,~,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
TetrachlQroethene
Toluene
l,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
•
l-lethocl Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.SO
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
0.68
<0.50
<0.50
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1S98 ~4,45
Rep.:Oate
Limit Units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
[).50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/2S/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/2S/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/2S/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/~998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
Page 4 of 34
'"91 TW'.LlGHT PI-"e FR;\N~FORT :('1 "0601
502-220·0251 FAX,502P,75·3J'.6 TOLl.FREE 500-728-2251
,-,----'--_._-----------------~•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98,02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
Analyte
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
FIELD BLANK
SAMP"E NO.
21345
l,lll-Trichiorcethane
lrl,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlcrofluoromethane
1~",2,3-Trichloropropane
4-Trimethylbenzene
1~•.5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl acetat!::
Vinyl chloride
m+p-Xylenes
a-Xylene
SURR,Toluene-dS
SURR;112-DichloLoethane~d4
SURR:4-Bromofluorobenzene
•
Method Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0,50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0,50
<0,50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
104
103
81.0
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/19n 14,45
Rep.Date
Limit units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L OS/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/199S
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L OS/25/1998
0.50 ug/L OS/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
%08/25/1998
%08/25/1998
%08/25/1998
page 5 of 34
1.191 iWILiGf-'T ~~"~.'~=?A~JK:=ORl KY 40601
502-223-025i FAX:5C2·'·r5·oC:'~6 TOLL FREE 800~728-2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number;98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
client project rD;98-1158
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
L-1
SAMPLE NO.
21346
Analyt..
826GB IAQI
Acetone
Acrolein
Acrylo:;-_:)..triIe
BfI~el:"'~~
9.:"beI12eneBt'~..ochloromethane
Bromcdichloromecbane
Eromoform
Bromometha.ne
n~Buty2.benzene
sec-Bu~ylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Carbo!".disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chlo~odibrcmomethane
Chloroeth"ne
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4~chlorotoluene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloLopropane
12 ·-Dib:r-omoethane
ibromcmethane
12-Dic~lcrobenzene
•
M..thod
8260B
Result
<50.0
<50.0
<50.0
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
6.44
<0,50
1.30
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 17,00
R..p.Date
Limit Units Flags Analyzed
50.0 ug/L 08/25/1998
50.0 ug/L 08/25/1998
50.0 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/],998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/],998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/"-08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/t.08/25/1998
0.50 ug/"-08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/],998
Page 6 of 34
i-lSI TWiliGHT TR,.l.._FRANKFOR~KY 40601
5G2·?23·Q25i FAX',5C2-Q7~,,;CI6 'TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
•.-
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Ralelgh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
client Project ID:98-1158
Analyte
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
L-1
SAMPLE NO.
21346
1/3-Dichlorobenzene
l,4-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
trans-1,4-DichlorON 2-butene
1,1-Dichloroethanel~ichloroethanel'~ichloroethene
cis-l,2-Dichloroethene
crans-l,2-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
l,3-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
l,l-Dichloropropene
cis-l,3·Dichloropropene
crans-l,3-Dichloropropene
Ethanol
Ethyl "cetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl methacrylate
2-Hexanone
Hexachlorobutadiene
Iodomethane
lsopropylben4ene
lsopropyl ether (lPE)
p-lsopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
2-Butanone (MEK)
•
Method R@sult
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
1.27
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<1000
<20.0
<0.50
<10.0
<50.0
<0.50
<10.0
<0.50
<0.SO
<0.50
<0.50
<50.0
DArE-rIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 17,00
Rep.Date
Limit Units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
o.50 ug/L 08/25/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/25/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/25/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1S98
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
1.0 mg/L 08/25/19S8
0.020 mg/L 08/25/1S98
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
10.0 ug/L 08/25/19S8
50.0 ug/L 08/25/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
10.0 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
50.0 ug/L 08/25/1998
Page 7 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRA:.='iANKFORT KY 40601
502·2n0251 FAX·502·il75,o,,'S TOll FFiEE 800·728·2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID,98-1158
lUlalyte
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
L-1
SAMPLE NO,
21.346
Methyl·tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK)
Na.phthalene
n-Propylbent,ene
S...ene
1.~,2'Tetrachloroethane
l'~12/2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3 Y'rrichlorobenzene
1/2,4-Trichlorcben~ene
1,1/1-Trichloroethane
1,112~Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
l,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
m&p-Xylenes
o-Xylene
SURR:Toluene-dB
SURR,1,2 -Di<::hloroethane-d4
SURR;4-Bromofluorobenzene
•
Method R@sult
1.40
<50.0
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
l.43
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
0.54
<0.50
<0.50
6.36
1.26
0.57
98.0
92.0
86.0
DATE-TrME SAMPLED
08/1.3/l998 17,00
Rep.Dat@
Limit Units flags lUl"ly~ed
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
50.0 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/25/1998
\08/25/1998
\08/25/1998
%08/25/1998
Page 8 of 34
~491 TWIL:OHI'TRA,\.=~ANr<FO~\T.KY 40601
5C2·223 ,O'?~,':FAX:5i")2 ~-~,-,j~.6 'TOLL F8EE 800·728-225"1
."_Tr
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number;98.02395
=
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client project ID;98-1158
62300 (GC/MS CONFIRMED AQ)
Benzene
Bromobenzene
Bromochloromethane
EliodiChloromethane
5,form
B:t'vi omethane
n~Butylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-B1Jtylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
1,2-Dibromo-3~chloropropane
l,2-0ibromoethane
Dibromomethane
1/2-Dichloroben~ene
l,3-Dichlorobenzene
,4-Dichlorobenzene
ichlorodifluoromethane
rans-l,4-Dichloro-2~butene
SAMPLE NO.
213,16
Analyte
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
1-1
Method
62300
Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
1.30
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0 .50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 17,00
Rep.Date
Limit Units flags Analyzed
O.SO ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/B98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/:L998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
Page 9 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRAil cRANK.cORT KY 40601
502·223-0251 FAX:502K.5·8C':)TOll FREE 800-728·2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project XD:98-1158
Analyte
SAMPLE DESCRIP~ION
L-l
SPI1VIPLE NO.
21346
l,l··Dichloroethane
l,2-Dichloroechane
1,1-Dichloroet:hene
cis~1,2-Dichloroethenet?l..s-112~Dichloroethene
1 ichlo,op,opane
l~~ichloropropane
2,2-Dichlo,op,opane
1,1-Dichlo,opropene
cis~113-Dichloropropene
trans-l,3-Dichloropropene
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
Isopropryl ether (IPE)
p-Isop,opylcoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (M~BE)
Naphthalene
n-P,opylben:ene
Styrene
1,1,1/2-Tetr~chloroethane
l,lr 2 /2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3·Trichlorobenzene
1/214-T~ichlo~obenzene
'.
Method Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
1.27
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.SO
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
1.40
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
1.43
<0.50
<0.50
DATE-TIME SAMl?LED
08/13/1998 17,00
Rep.Date
Limit Units J;'lags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/U98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l99S
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/19~8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/U98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/2G/19~8
l?ase 10 of 34
'1491 TWIl.IGHT r:;,.;:L..=~ANKFORT.KY 40601
502·223-0251 FAX:SQZ·e~5·8G'i3 TOLL FREE 800-728·2251
·.-...._--------~
.-----'_._---------~-----_._----
ANALVTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
L·1
SAMPLE NO.
21346
Analyte
l,l,l-T=ichloroethane
1,l,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlcrofluoromethane
1~3-Trichloropropane
l~-""imethYlbenzene1;~15-TrimethYlbenzene
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
m+p-Xylenes
o-Xylene
SURR,""luene-dS
SURR,J.,2-Dichloroethane·d4
SURR,4 -Bromofluorobenzene
MISC.GC COMPOUNDS
Methane
•
Method
NET
Resul t
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
0.54
<0.50
<0.50
6.36
1.26
0.57
98.0
92.0
86.0
Attached
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 17:00
Rep.Da.te
Limit Units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/J.998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/J.998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
~08/26/1998
08/26/1998
Page 11 of 34
:491 TWiliGHT TRAIL FR,~NKFORT,KY 40601
002·223·025:FAX:502·875·8016 TOLL FREE $00·728·2251
=•IZ I1lI
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-l5S
SAMPLE NO.
21365
Analyt@
6230D (OC/MS CONFIRMED AQ)
Benzer~~
Bromobenzene
BromochlcromethaneBrl...odichloromethane
8;\)forrn
B1."(/I,orr.ethane
n~'Bu t -/lbenzene
sec·Bueylbenzene
cert-Eucylbenzene
Carbor.tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroechane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
1/2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
l,2-DibromoBthane
Dib:t:omomethane
1/2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
l,4-0ichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
trans~1,4-Dichloro-2·butene
•
~ethocl
6230D
Result.
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<:0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
..-::0,50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/H/1998 II ,30
Rep.Date
Limit Units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/26'/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L OS/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/20/l998
0.50 ug/L OS/20/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L OS/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L OS/20/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/20/1998
0.50 ug/L OS/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/20/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/l998
Page 12 of 34
1,)91 TWILIGHT TRAiL ,c,qA,~KcOR7 1('(40601
~02·22J·0251 FAX:5C2·37,=)·8G~o I'OLl_F,;EE 800-728-2251
•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,Nt 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
Analyte
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-10S
SAMPLE NO.
21360
l,l-Dichloroethane
1/2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
cis-l/2-Dichlorcethene
t~...5-1,2-Dichloroethene
l_ichloropropane
l;~-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichlcropr opane
l,l-Dichloropropene
cis-l/3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
Isopropr'll ether (IPE)
p-Isoprop'lltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBB)
Naphthalene
n-Propylbenz~~n!~
St.yrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachlorcethene
Toluene
l,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1/2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Met.llod Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0.00
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
DATB-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 11,30
Rep.Date.
Limit Units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1.998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1.998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1.998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
Page 13 of 34
1491 iWII.IGI-IT IRA_=,'1ANKFORT KY 40601
SOnn0251 FAX:502K5·,:'o TOL~FREE 800-728·2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE DESCRrPTrON
MW-15S
SAMPLE NO.
21365
Analyte
l,l,l-Trichloroethane
11 1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlol.-of1uOJ;:,ornethane
1 :&:..•?3 -Tri chloropropane
1,~-Trimethy1benzene
1,"J I -r~imethylbenzene
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
m+p·-Xylenes
o'Xylene
SURR,Tol uene _.dS
SURR,1.2-Dichloroechane-d4
SURR,4-Bromofluorobenzene
MISC.ac COMPOUNDS
Metl:lane
•
Method
NET
Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0 .50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0_50
<0.50
92.0
119
85_0
Attac~ed
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 11030
Rep.Date.
Lil>\it Units Flags Analyzed
0_50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0_50 ug/L 08/26/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1SS8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/lS9S
0.50 ug/L 08/26/lSS8
0.50 ug/L OS/26/1S98
0_50 ug/L 08/26/19S8
0_50 ug/L 08/26/1SSS
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0_50 ug/L 08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
08/26/1998
Page 14 of 34
1191 TWILlGW TRA:~=~ANKFORT,KY 40601
.s02·22J-0251 FAX [phone]:'0 TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-15D
SAMPLE NO.
21366
Analyte
6230D (GC/MS CONFIRMED AQ)
Benzene
Bromobenzene
BromQchlcromethane
Br_OdiChloromethane
B,form
Brol.omethane
n-Butylbenzene
sec~Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chlocodibromomethane
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluen"
2-Chloroethyl vinyl "ther
1.2 ,·Dioromo·3 -chloropropane
l,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
l,2-Dichlorobenzene
l,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
trans~1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
•
Method
6230D
Result
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<:0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
0.77
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/1.4/1998 11 ,45
Rep.Date
Limit Units Flags Analyzed
0.50 ug/L 08/2G/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1S98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/lSS8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/lSS8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/lS98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1S98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/19S8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
o.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/lS98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
page 15 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRA!L °RANKFORT KY 40601
502·223·0251 FAX:502·875·8016 TOLL FREE 800"728·2251
·=
ANALYTICAL REPORT
MJ.ke Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project 10:98-1158
!\nalyte
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-15D
SAMPLE NO.
21366
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
l,l-Dichloroethene
cis-l,2·Dichloroethene
t~.s <L 12 -Dic:hloroethene
l~:.:ichloropropane
l;~-Dichloropropane
2/2-Dichloroprcpane
1,1-Dichloropr opene
cis-l,3-Dichloropropene
trans-l/3-Dichloropropene
Ethylbenzene
Hex.achlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
Isopropryl ether (IPE)
p-Isopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Naphthalene
n-Propylben2;ene
Styrene
1, 1,l,2-Tecrachloroethane
1/1}2/2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1/2/3~Trichlorobenzene
l,2,4-Trichlcrobenzene
•
Method Result
1.76
<0.50
73.2
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
17.0
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
DATE-TlME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 11,45
Rep.Date
Limit units Flags !\naly~ed
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L OB/26/l998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
o.50 ug/L 08/:;6/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 06/26/1998
Page 16 of 31
1,(91 TWIL!C~:'TRAiL...r::1ANKFC,Q7.KY 40601
502·2230251 FAX;502·875·20'6 TOll cREE 800-728-2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATBL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-15D
SAMPLE NO.
21366
Ana1yt.e
,,1,1-T~ichloroethane
1,1,2-T~ichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane'.....33 -Trich:Loropropane
1~.-Trimethylben:ene
1,j,5-T~imethylben=ene
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
m+p~Xylenes
o-Xylene
SURR:Toluene-d8
SURR:1,2-Dichloroethane-d4
SURR:4-Bromofluorobenzene
MISC.GC COMPOUNDS
Methane
•
Method
NET
Result
3.04
<0.50
12.1
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
<0.50
n.o
121
86.0
Attached
DATE "TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 11:45
Rep.Date
Limit units F1ass Analy.ed
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/19~8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1~98
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1~~8
0.50 ug/L 08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
%08/26/1998
08/26/1998
Pase 17 of 34
'::91 TWILIGHT TRA:c FRANKFORT KY 40601
502·22J·0251 FAX:502·875·8016 TOLL FREE 800·728·2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project ID:98-1158
Matrix Type:SOIL
SAMPLE NO.
21419
SAMPLE DESCElPTION
BK"lA
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 10:45
Analyte
Copper,lCP
Lead,ICP
•
•
Method Result
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Limit Unit.s Flags
Pate
Analyzed
08/26/1998
08/27/1998
page 18 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRAIL FRANKFORT,KY 40601
'502-223-0251 FAX 502-8i5-8016 !TOLL FREE 600·728-2251
HYDROlOGIC,INC.•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project 1D:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:SOIL
=......
SAMPLE NO.
21420
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
BK-1B
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1SS8 10,48
Analyte
Copper,ICP
Lead,ICP
•
•
Method Result
Attached
ACCached
Re.,.
Lim.it units flags
Date
Malyzed
08/26/1998
08/27/1998
Page 19 of 34
1.181 'TWILIGHT TRAIL FRANKFORT,KY 40601
002·223·0251 FAX;502·di'5·8C:6;TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
•HYDROLOGiC,~NC ..
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project ID:98-1158
.
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:SOIL
SAMPLE NO.
21421
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
BK-2A
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 11,15
Analyte
Copper,rep
Lead.ICP
•
•
Method Result
Atcached
Attac:ted
Rep.
Limit Units Flags
Date
Analyzed
08/26/1998
08/27/1998
Page 20 of 34
1491 tWILIGHT TRA_c~ANKFORT,KY 40601
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..:-'--,-,-------------
ANALYTICAL REPORT
---
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project ID:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:SOIL
SAMl?LE NO,
21422
SAMPLE DEScRIPTION
8K-2B
DATE-TrME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 11,15
Analyte
Copper,ICP
Lead,ICl?
•
•
Method Result.
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Limit units 1.'1ags
nat.e
Analyzed
08/26/1998
08/27/1998
Page 21 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT mAle F~ANKFORT.KY 40601
502-223-0251 FAX:502-875'80H TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project IO:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:SOIL
SAMPLE NO.
21423
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
BK·3A
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 11,41
Analyte
Copper,ICP
Lead,ICP
•
•
Method Result
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Limit Units Flags
Date
Analyzed
08/26/1998
08/27/1998
Page 22 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRAIL ~RANKFORT KY 40601
502223-0251 FAX,502-875-80'6 I TOLL F~EE 800-728-2251
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project ID:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:801L
SAMPL3 NO.
21424
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
BK-3B
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 11041
Ana1yt.e
Copper,ICP
Lead,ICP
•
Met.hod Result.
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Limit Units Flags
Date
Analyzed
08/26/1998
08/27/1998
Page 23 of 34
:"91 TWILIGHT nAIL "CiANKFORT KY 40601
502-223-0251 FAX [phone]J~3 TOLL FREE 800·728·2251
•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogio Job Number:98_02395
Client Project ID:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
.
SAMPLE NO.
21425
SAMPLE DESCRIl'T,ON
MW-13S
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/13/1998 20,26
Analyte Method Resul.t
Rep.
Lindt Units Flags
Date
Analyzed
Chloride
Nitrogen/Nitrate
Sl,llfate
,ron,J:Cl'
~_GC COMPOUNDS~"~~at'l~e
•
NET
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
mg/L
08/28/1998
08/20/1998
08/21/1998
06/28/1998
08/26/1998
Page 24 of 34
1491 TWILlG~-;TRAIL mANKFORT,KY 40601
502-223-0251 FAX [phone] TOLL FREE 800-726-2251
HVDROLOG!C,INC .•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE NO.
21426
SAMPLE DESCEIPTION
MW-10S
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 09,41
Analyte
Chloride
Nitrogen,Nitrate
Sulfate
Iron,rcp
~,GC COMPOUNDSM':£~ane
•
Method
NET
Result
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Lim.it Units
mg/L
Flags
Date
Analy.ed
08/28/1998
08/20/1998
08/21/1998
08/28/1998
08/26/1.998
page 25 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TR~,IL c,~ANKFORr KY 40601
502·223·0251 FAX,502-875-6GI6 TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
"----_-.--"•..............
ANALYTICAL REPORT
-
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE NO.
21427
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-9SK
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 12:25
1ulaJ.yte
ChJ.oride
Nitrogen,Nitrate
Sulfate
Iron,rcp
M~.GC COMPOUNDS
Methane
•
Method
NET
Result
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Limit Units
mg/L
l'J.ags
Da.t@
Analyzed
08/28/1998
08/20/1998
08/21/1998
08/28/1998
08/26/1998
page 26 of 34
1491 TWILlG~T TRXL "RANKFORl KY 40601
502·223-0251 FAX [phone] TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
1~.Wi
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh.NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project ID:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
SAMPLE NO.
21428
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-9DK
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 12,47
Analyte Method Result
Rep_
Lindt units li'lags
Date
Jcnalyzed
Chloride
Nitrogen,Nitrate
Sulfate
!1:'"on,Iep
M4 GC COMPOUNDS
Met_'1,ane
•
NET
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
mg/L
08/28/1998
08/20/1998
08/21/1998
08/28/1998
08/26/1998
Page 27 of 34
],131 TWILIGHT TRAIL FRANKFORT,KY 40601
502-223-i)251 FAX:502·875-8c'6'TOLL FREE 800-728·2251
HYDROlOGIC,INC .•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project 1D:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
SAMPLE NO.
21429
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-12S
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/~998 ~3:10
Ana1yte Method Result
Rep.
Limit Units Flags
Date
Analyzed
Chloride
Nitrogen,Nitrate
Sulfate
Iron.ICP
~,GC COMPOUNDS~~~ane NET
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
mg/L
08/28/1998
08/20/1998
08/2l/~998
08/28/1998
08/26/1998
Page 28 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRA!l FRANKFORT,KY 40601
502·223-0251 FAX:502-875'0016 TOll FREE 800-728-2251
HYnROLOGiC~iNC.•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
-
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE NO.
21430
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-HD
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08(14(1998 1],45
Analyte
Chlot"ide
Nitrogen,Nitrate
Sulfate
Iron ,rep
M~.GC COMPOUNDSM~~ane
Method
NET
R@sult
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Limit Units
mg(L
Flags
Date
Analyzed
08(28(1998
08(20(1998
08(21(1998
08(28(1998
08(26(1998
Page 29 of ]4
1491 TWILIGHT TRAIL FRANKFORT.KY 40601
502-223-0251 FAX [phone]CI6 TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
HYDROLOGIC,INC.•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,Nt 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client project ID:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
T::I
SAMPLE NO.
21431
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-7D
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 14:15
Analyte Method Result
Rep.
Limit Units Flags
Chloride
Nitrogen,Nitrate
Sulfate
Iron l rep
M~.GC COMPOUNDSM~~ane
•
NET
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
mg/L
08/28/1998
08/20/1998
08/21/1998
08/28/1998
08/26/1998
page 30 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TR~~F~ANKFORT KY 40601
502-223-0251 FAX:502-8~o-3015 TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
HYDROLOGIC~INC.
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client Project 10:98-1158
SAMPLE NO_
21432
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-4S
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/l4/l998 l4,45
A.nalyte
Chloride
Nitrogent Nitrate
Sulfate
Iron,ICP
M~GC COMPOUNDSM~:~ne
•
Method
NET
Result
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Rep.
Lilldt Units
mg/L
Flags
Date
A.naly."d
08/28/~998
08/20/~998
08/2~/~998
08/28/~998
08/26/~998
Page 3l of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRAIL CRANKFORT.KY 40601
502-223-0251 FAX:[phone]'6 TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
HYDROlOGIC~INC .•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
09/16/1998
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395 Matrix Type:WATER
Client project ID:98-1158
SAMPLE NO.
21433
SAMPLE DESCR,PTrON
FIELD BLANK
DATE-T'ME SAMPLED
08/14/1~~8 14:45
Mal¥te
ChloridE'
Nitrogen,Nitrate
Sulfate
Iron,rep
M~GC COMPOUNDSM~'~ne
•
Method
NET
Result
Attached
Actached
Accached
ACCached
Accached
Rep.
l:.imit Units
mg/L
Flags
Dace
Anal¥z"d
08/28/19~8
08/20/1~~8
08/21/1~S8
08/28/1~~8
08/26/1998
page 32 of 3<1
1·.91 TWILIGHT TRAIL c.~ANKFORT.KY 40601
502·223·0251 FAX:[phone]'0;TOll FREE 800-728-2251
HYDROLOGIC,INC.•ANALYTICAL REPORT
Mike Haseltine
ALCATEL
2912 wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:98.02395
Client Project ID:98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
m
SAMPLE NO.
21434
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
MW-4D
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
08/14/1998 15,15
Analyte Method Result
Rep.
Limit Units Flags
Date
Analyzed
Chloride
Nitrogen,NicTate
SuIface
Iron,rep
M~GC COMPOUNDSMl~ne
•
NET
ACtached
Attached
Attached
Attached
Attached
mg/L
08/28/1998
08/20/1998
08/21/1998
08/28/1998
08/26/1998
page 33 of 34
1491 TWIliGHT TRAIL FRANKFORT.KY 40601
502·223·0251 FAX:502·875-8016,TOLL FREE 800-728-2251
HYDROLOGIC,INC.•I,IBRARY SEARCH REPORT
ALCATEL
Mike Haseltine
2912 wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number,98.02395
Client project ID,98-1158
09/16/1998
Matrix Type:WATER
-
Tenatively Identified
Compound
TlC
Nwnl:>er
Estimated
Conoentration Units Flags
SAMPl,E NO_
2U46
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
L-1
DATE-TIME SAMPLED
17:00
Volatile Library Search
NO TICS FOuND•
•
8901
Page 34 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRAIL FRANKFORT,KY 40601
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:Alcatel Network Systems11158016August22,1997
FlO HydrogenMW-4 DO 97'-11112'
S.Harts
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6.15121
9.416
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12.12183
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6
•
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6.1509.416
10.73312.083
17.41
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89.1 '71._....,../
256.12
•
Lab nameAnalysisdateMethodDescriptionColumn
Ca.rrier
Data file
Sample
:SRI Instruments:~8/22/1997 13:24:58DirectInjection:CHANNEL TWO:MXT-1 0.53mm x 15 M
Helium
:2DATAl.CHR ()
1 microliter of Std.
.._•..~•.•"""_,.·····_·_··_·,·_··.__~,~.y.u..,,·,,.",,,"'-_.",__.____--.._""•.","""..,...•--~-'~~~'Y''''''''l
-6."l2Il21mVHeightAre..
'I.
2!-...",
64.12l012lmV
Ret""tiLl"
31.._"-
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77.564,2487.534'"
8.322:196.845("--
6i.""."
8\'····
1 0:·-----
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1E---
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, .;;'r···,.__...,.",-,.
,uuro:",,,,.".".'..
."·i,::;""",~"",,~,
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3.550
4.750
6.641
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Lab name'
An ..lysis d ..te
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Description
Column
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:.',n..ta fileSample
,SRI Instruments
,08/22/1997 13,24'58
Direct Injection,CHANNEL ONE,MXT-l 0.53mm x 15 M,Hel ium
Idat..l.chr ()
, 1 microliter of Std.
HeightArea
-51.200mV
.5.~..t\i:'.r.C'A'.1.,..,...,..._...",
I
I
11·_··,·
512.000mV
."'_"''''''''''_'_'_''__''''"''''''~'''''N"'~''....__.._..._..,.""".~.._.•..!
Component Ret"ntion
1
21--'"
I
I
3 '.1
,
1
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5,'-'
\
81
•10,"''''''''
Lab name :Analysis date :MethodDescription
Column
Carrier
,•.,Data fileSample
-62.500mVHeightAre.,1"'"
SRI Instruments
08/22/1997 10:54:18DirectInjectionCHANNELTWOMXT~1 0.53mm x 15 M
Helium2DATAl.CHR ()1 microliter of Std.
625.000mV R",t",,,tio,,
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11'
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1.700
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22.4571645.2513.2331338.46
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12.8631590.81
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6.995!113.08
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i
7 ~__.•
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IH_.
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"
4.475
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-'5.675"
i
I
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Com pone"t Retention Ar",a External
T"tr.,c h10"0'"t he 1.533 150.64 135.90
Tf~C:hloroethe 1.700 14509.92 3611.77
1,......CA 3.308 645.25 1581.90
1.1 CA 3.816 338.46 829.78
(unknown)4.475 590.81 N/A
Tric:hloroethene 5.675 113.08 349.99
Component
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256.12
•
Lab name
t-:lnaLysis d.:;.~te
M",thod
De<;.crl.ption
Column
Carrier
Oatc.~.f i,le
Sample
GR.I InstlLune:-nts
08/22/1997 13;24:56
Direct In,je~tion
CHANNEL fWDMXT-l 0.53mm •15 M
Hel ium2DA1Al.CHP ()
1 microliter of std.
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~~-.:=:So
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11
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•
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•
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Description
Column
C-rarr-.ier
D~:.:tt".2t -file
Sample:.-:
Sl~:r If't~tr-uments
08/22/1997 13:24:58
Direct InjettionCHANNELONE
MXf-l 0.53mm x 15 M
Hel HlIn
Idatal.ch.-()
1 mic.-olite.-of Std.
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08/22/1997 10:54:18DirEctInjection
CHANNEL TWO
MXT-1 ~.53mm x 15 M
1-1",1 i un>
'2DAfAl.CHR ()
1 microliter c'f Sto~
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3.308
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Retention
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1.7 0iD
.~,•.-=:12\8
.~,.8 Lo
"'.1,•;,l .',"::
S.,~75
1 ~I~].~d
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11.::-..02
E x tern"1
L_._._.
•
•
•
Down-gradient Geoprobe Survey (Horizontal Extent)
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,IJ\C.
Results for Volatiles
by GCMS 6210D
---l
•
Client Sample ID:P-01
Client Project ID:01 0030109
Lab Sample 10:39357
Lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Water
Compound
Benzene
Bromobenzene
Bromochloromethane
8romodichloromethane
Bromofonn
Sromomethane
n-8utylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chlorofonn
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Dibromochloromethane
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
1,2-0ibromoethane (EDS)
1,2-0ichlorobenzene
1,3·Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-0ichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-0ichloroethane
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
trans-1,2-dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-0ichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
1,1-0ichloropropene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
4--lsopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)
Naphthalene
n-Propyl benzene
Flags:BOL"Below Ouantllation L.imit
Quantltation
Limit (ug/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Date Analyzed:4114198
Analyzed By:MES
Dale Collected:417/98
Date Received:418198
Dilulion:1.0
Result
(ugiLI
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL.
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
80L
SOL
SOL
SOL.
SOL
SOL
SOL.
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
0.8
SOL
Reviewed by:fi:¥
page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 6210D
Client Sample ID:P·01
Client Project ID:01 0030109
Lab Sample ID:39357
lab Project ID:G247·1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/14/98
Analyzed Sy:ME'S
Date Collected:4/7/98
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1,0
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/L)
Styrene 0.5 Sal
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.5 Sal
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.5 Sal
Tetrachloroethene 0.5 Sal
Toluene 0.5 0.6
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.5 Sal
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.5 Sal
Trichloroethene 0.5 Sal
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.5 Sal
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0,5 Sal
Trichlorofluoromethane 0.5 Sal
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.5 Sal
1,2,4-Trlmethylbenzene 0.5 0.5
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 0.5 Sal
Vinyl chloride 0,5 Sal
m-,p-Xylene 1 Sal•o-Xylene 0.5 Sal
Surrogate Spike Recoveries Spike Surrogate
Added Result %Rec
Compound (ug/l)(ug/l)
Sromofluorobenzene 10.0 10 100
1,2·Dichloroethane-d4 10_0 12 120
Toluene-d8 10.0 10 100
Comments;
All results are corrected for dilution.
•Reviewed by:?:0-1
Flags:SQl '"Selow Quanlitation Limit Page 2
__'0-•__",___
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 6210D•Client Sample 10:P·02 Date Analyzed:4/14/98
Client Project 10:01 0030109 Analyzed By:MES
Lab Sample 10:39358 Date Collected:4/7/98
Lab Project 10:G247-1 Date Received:4/8/98
Matrix:Water Dilution:100.0
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/L)
Senzene 50 BOL
Bromobenzene 50 BOL
Bromochloromethane 50 SOL
Sromodichloromethane 50 SOL
Sromoform 50 SOL
Bromomethane 50 BOL
n"Sutylbenzene 50 SOL
sec·Butylbenzene 50 SOL
tert-Butylbenzene 50 BOL
Carbon tetrachloride 50 BOL
Chlorobenzene 50 BOL
Chloroethane 50 BOL
Chloroform 50 BOL
Chloromethane 50 BOL
2-Chlorotoluene 50 BOL
4·Chlorotoluene 50 BOL•Dibromochloromethane 50 BOL
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 500 BOL
Dibromomethane 50 BOL
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)50 BOL
1,2·Dichlorobenzene 50 BOL
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 50 BOL
1A·Dichlorobenzene 50 SOL
1,1-Dichloroethane 50 BOL
1,1-Dichloroethene 50 1500
1,2-Dichloroethane 50 BOL
cis-1 ,2·Dichloroethene 50 SOL
trans-1,2-dichloroethene 50 BOL
1,2-Dichloropropane 50 SOL
1,3-Dichloropropane 50 BOL
2,2-Dichloropropane 50 BOL
1,1-Dichloropropene 50 BOL
Dichlorodifluoromethane 500 BOL
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)50 SOL
Ethylbenzene 50 BOL
Hexachlorobutadiene 50 BOL
Isopropylbenzene 50 BOL
4-lsopropyltoluene 50 BOL
Methylene chloride 500 BOL
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)50 BOL•Naphthalene 50 BOL
n-Propyl benzene 50 SOL
Reviewed by:<h-II
Flags:BOL =Below Ouantitation Limit Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:P·02
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39358
Lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4114198
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:417198
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:100.0
•
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1·Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4·Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
o-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane-d4
Toluene-d8
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Ouantitation
Limit (ug/L)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
50
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
9.7
10
10
Result
(ug/L)
SOL
SOL
SOL
210
SOL
SOL
SOL
.52
51
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SQL
%Rec
97
100
100
Reviewed by:&4
Flags:BOL =Below Quantitation Limit Page 2
PARADIGM A}\ALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:P·03
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39359
Lab Project 10:G247,1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:4/7198
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Senzene
Sromobenzene
Sromochloromethane
Sromodichloromethane
Sromoform
Sromomethane
n-Sutylbenzene
sec-Sutylbenzene
tert-Sutylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Dibromochloromethane
1.2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
1.2-Dibromoethane (EDS)
1,2·Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2,Dichloroethane
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
trans-1,2-dichloroethene
1,2·Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
1,1-Dichloropropene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Oiisopropyl ether (OIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
4-I$opropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)
Naphthalene
n-Propyl benzene
Flags:SOL =Selow Ouantitation Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Result
(ug/L)
SQL
SQL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SQL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SQL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
Reviewed by:F1=-f
Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:P-03
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39359
Lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:4/7/98
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1-TrichlOroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
a-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Bromofluorobenzene
1,2-0ichloroethane-d4
Toluene-d8
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Quantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
6.7
9.8
8.9
Result
(ug/L)
BQL
SOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
BOL
BOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
%Rec
67
98
89
Reviewed by:'hi
Flags:BOL"Below Ouantitation Limit Page 2
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
Results for Volatiles
~y GeMS 82100•Client Sample 10:P-04 Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Client Project ID:01 0030109 Analyzed Sy:MES
Lab Sample 10:39360 Date Collected:4/7/98
Lab Project ID:G247-1 Date Received:4/8/98
Matrix:Water Dilution:1.0
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/L)
Senzene 0.5 SOL
Sromobenzene 0.5 SOL
Sromochloromethane 0.5 SOL
Sromodichloromethane 0.5 SOL
Bromoform 0.5 SOL
8romomethane 0.5 SOL
n-8utylbenzene 0.5 SOL
sec·Sutylbenzene 0.5 SOL
tert-8utylbenzene 0.5 SOL
Carbon tetrachloride 0.5 SOL
Chlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
Chloroethane 0.5 SOL
Chloroform 0.5 SOL
Chloromethane 0.5 SOL
2-Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL
4-Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL•Dibromochloromethane 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 5 SOL
Dlbromomethane 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDS)0.5 SOL
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1A-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,1-Dichloroethane 0.5 SOL
1,1-Dlchloroethene 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dlchloroethane 0.5 SOL
cis-1,2-Dlchloroethene 0.5 SOL
trans-1,2-dichloroethene 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dichloropropane 0.5 SOL
1,3-Dichloropropane 0.5 SOL
2,2-Dichloropropane 0.5 SOL
1,1-Dichloropropene 0.5 SOL
Dichlorodifluoromethane 5 SOL
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)0.5 80L
Ethylbenzene 0.5 SOL
Hexachlorobutadiene 0.5 SOL
Isopropylbenzene 0.5 SOL
4-lsopropyltoluene 0.5 SOL
Methylene chloride 5 SOL
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)0.5 1•Naphthalene 0.5 0.6
n-Propyl benzene 0.5 SOL
Reviewed by:7a-V"
Flags:SOL =Below Ouantitation Limit Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
l
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample ID:P-04
Client Project ID:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39360
Lab Project 10,G247-1
Matrix;Water
Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:4/7/98
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1 ,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
a-Xylene
Quantitation
Limit (uglL)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Result
(ug/L)
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
1
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane.<14
Toluene-d8
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
6.7
12
9.8
%Rec
67
120
98
•
Comments;
All results are corrected for dilution.
Surrogate failure cannot be confirmed due to limited sample volume.
Reviewed by:hi
Flags:SQL'"Selow Quantitation Limit Page 2
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100•Client Sample ID:P-05 Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Client Project ID:01 003 0109 Analyzed By:MES
Lab Sample ID:39361 Date Collected:417198
Lab Project ID:G247-1 Date Received:4/8/98
Matrix:Water Dilution:1.0
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/L)
Benzene 0.5 BQL
Sromobenzene 0.5 BQL
Bromochloromethane 0.5 SOL
Sromodichloromethane 0.5 BQL
Bromoform 0.5 SOL
Sromomethane 0.5 SOL
n-Butylbenzene 0.5 BOL
sec·Sutylbenzene 0.5 BOL
tert-Sutylbem:ene 0.5 SOL
Carbon tetrachloride 0.5 SOL
Chlorobenzene 0.5 BOL
Chloroethane 0.5 BOL
Chloroform 0.5 SQL
Chloromethane 0.5 SOL
2-Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL
4-Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL•Dibromochloromethane 0.5 SQL
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 5 SQL
Dibromomethane 0.5 SOL
1,2·Dibromoethane (EDS)0.5 SQL
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1A-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,1-Dichloroethane 0.5 SOL
1,1-Dichloroethene 0.5 0.6
1,2-Dichloroethane 0.5 SOL
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 0.5 1
trans-1,2-dichlOroethene 0.5 SQL
1,2-Dichioropropane 0.5 SOL
1,3-Dichloropropane 0.5 SQL
2,2-Dichloropropane 0.5 SOL
1,1-Dichloropropene 0.5 SOL
Dichlorodifluoromethane 5 BOL
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)0.5 SOL
Ethylbenzene 0.5 SOL
Hexachlorobutadiene 0.5 SOL
Isopropylbenzene 0.5 SOL
4-lsopropyltoluene 0.5 BOL
Methylene chlOride 5 SOL
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)0.5 SOL
Naphthalene 0.5 SQL•n-Propyl benzene 0.5 SOL
Reviewed by:17+£
Flags:SOL =Selow Quantitation Limit Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:P-OS
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
lab Sample 10:39361
lab Project 10:G247·1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:4/7/98
Date Received:4/8198
Dilution:1.0
•
Compound
Slyrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
a-Xylene
Ouantitation
Limit (ug/l)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Result
(ug/l)
SOL
SQl
SQl
2
SOL
SQL
SQL
13
SQL
SQL
SQl
SQL
SQl
SQL
SQl
SQL
SQL
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2-0ichloroethane·d4
Toluene-d8
Spike
Added
(ug/l)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/l)
6.8
12
7.7
%Rec
68
120
77
•
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilutiOn.
Surrogate failure cannot be confirmed due to limited sample volume.
Reviewed by:"+,f
Flags:SQl"Below Quantilalion Limit Page 2
l'ARADlGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100•Client Sample 10:P·06 Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Client Project 10:0'003 0'09 Analyzed Sy:MES
Lab Sample 10:39362 Date Collected:4/7/98
Lab Project 10:G247-1 Date Received:4/8/98
Matrix:Water Dilution:1.0
Compound Quantifation Result
Limit (U9/L)(ug/L)
Senzene 0.5 SOL
Sromobenzene 0.5 SQL
Sromochloromethane 0.5 SOL
Sromodichloromethane 0.5 SOL
Sromoform 0.5 SQL
Sromomethane 0.5 SQL
n·Sutylbenzene 0.5 SQL
sec-Sutylbenzene 0.5 SOL
tert.Sutylbenzene 0.5 BQL
Carbon tetrachloride 0.5 SQL
Chlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
Chloroethane 0.5 SOL
Chloroform 0.5 SQL
Chloromethane 0.5 SOL
2-Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL
4-Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL•Oibromochloromethane 0.5 SOL
,.2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 5 BQL
Dibromomethane 0.5 SOL
,,2-0ibromoethane (EDS)0.5 SOL
,,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
,,3-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SQL
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
,,1-Oichloroethane 0.5 SQL
'.'·Dlchioroethene 0.5 2
1,2-Dichloroethane 0.5 SQL
cis·',2-0ichloroethene 0.5 SOL
trans-1.2-dichloroethene 0.5 SOL
1.2-0ichloropropane 0.5 SOL
,.3-Dichloropropane 0.5 BOL
2.2-0ichloropropane 0.5 SOL
',1-Oichloropropene 0.5 BOL
Dichlorodifluoromethane 5 SOL
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)0.5 SOL
Ethylbenzene 0.5 SOL
Hexachlorobutadiene 0.5 SOL
Isopropylbenzene 0.5 SOL
4-Isopropyltoluene 0.5 SOL
Methylene chloride 5 SQL
MethyHert-butyl ether (MTSE)0.5 SOL•Naphthalene 0.5 SOL
n-Propyl benzene 0.5 SOL
Reviewed by:'b>f
Flags:BQL =Below Quantitatlon Limit Page'
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 6210D
Client Sample 10:P-06
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39362
Lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/18/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:4/7198
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/L)
Styrene 0.5 BQL
1,1 ,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.5 BOL
1,1,2,2-TetraChloroethane 0.5 BOL
Tetrachloroethene 0.5 1
Toluene 0.5 BQL
1,2,3-Trichlorobem:ene 0.5 BOL
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.5 BOL
Trichloroethene 0.5 4
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.5 BQL
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.5 SQL
Trichlorofluoromethane 0.5 SOL
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.5 SOL
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 0.5 SOL
1,3,5-Trimethylbem:ene 0.5 SOL
Vinyl chloride 0.5 BQL
m-,p-Xylene 1 SOL
o-Xylene 0.5 SOL
Surrogate Spike Recoveries Spike Surrogate
Added Result %Rec
Compound (ug/L)(ug/L)
Bromofluorobenzene 10.0 6.2 62
1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 10.0 10 100
Toluene-d8 10.0 6.6 66
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Surrogate failure cannot be confirmed due to limited sample volume.
Reviewed by:W
Flags:BOL '"Below Quantitation Limit Page 2
-~•._----------
PARADlGM ANALYTlCAL LABORATORIES,INC.
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100•Client Sample 10:Trip Siank Date Analyzed:4/10/98
Client Project 10:01 003 0109 Analyzed Sy:MES
Lab Sample 10:39363 Date Collected:4f7198
Lab Project 10:G247-1 Date Received:4/8/98
Matrix:Water Dilution:1.0
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/L)
Senzene 0.5 SOL
Sromobenzene 0.5 SOL
SromochlOromethane 0.5 SOL
Sromodichloromethane 0.5 SOL
Sromoform 0.5 SOL
Sromomethane 0.5 SOL
n-Sutylbenzene 0.5 SOL
sec-Sutylbenzene 0.5 SOL
tert-Butylbenzene 0.5 SOL
CarbOn tetrachloride 0.5 SOL
Chlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
Chloroethane 0.5 SOL
Chloroform 0.5 SOL
Chloromethane 0.5 SOL
2·Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL
4·Chlorotoluene 0.5 SOL•Dibromochloromethane 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 5 SOL
Dibromomethane 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDS)0.5 SOL
1,2·0ichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1.3-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,1·0ichloroethane 0.5 SOL
1,'-Dichloroethene 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dichloroethane 0.5 SOL
cis-',2·Dichloroethene 0.5 SOL
trans·1,2-dichloroethene 0.5 SOL
,,2-0ichioropropane 0.5 SOL
1,3-Dichloropropane 0.5 BOL
2,2-Dichloropropane 0.5 SOL
, ,'-Dichloropropene 0.5 SOL
Dichlorodifluoromethane 5 SOL
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)0.5 SOL
Ethylbenzene 0.5 SOL
Hexachlorobutadiene 0.5 SOL
l.sopropylbenzene 0.5 SOL
4-lsopropyltoluene 0.5 SOL
Methylene chloride 5 SOL
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)0.5 SOL
Naphthalene 0.5 SOL•'I-Propyl benzene 0.5 SOL
Reviewed by:W
Flags:SQL'=Selow Quantitation Limit Page'
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 6210D
Client Sample 10:Trip Blank
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39363
Lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/10/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:4/7/98
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/l)
Styrene 0.5 BOl
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.5 BOL
1,1,2,2~Tetrachloroethane 0.5 BOL
Tetrachloroethene 0.5 BQL
Toluene 0.5 BOL
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.5 BOL
1,2,4"Trichlorobenzene 0.5 BOL
Trichloroethene 0.5 BOL
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.5 BOL
1,1.2~Trichloroethane 0.5 BOL
Trichlorofluoromethane 0.5 BOL
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.5 BOL
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 0.5 BOL
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 0.5 BOL
Vinyl chloride 0.5 BOL
m-,p-Xylene 1 BOL•o-Xylene 0.5 BOL
Surrogate Spike Recoveries Spike Surrogate
Added Result %Rec
Compound (ug/L)(ug/L)
Bromofluoroben:zene 10.0 10 100
1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 10.0 11 110
Toluene-d8 10.0 10 100
comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
•Reviewed by:h;t'
Flags:BOL"Below Ouantitation Limit Page 2
•PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
2627 Northchase Parkway S.E.
Wilmington,North Carolina 28405
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Mr.Mike Haseltine
Triangle Environmental
295A N.Green Meadows Dr.
Wilmington N,C 28405
Report Number:G 247-4
Client Project Number:01-003-0109
Dear Mr.Haseltine:
Date 05-22-98
•
•
Enclosed are the results of the analytical services performed under the
referenced project.Copies of this report and supporting data will be retained in
our files for a period of five years in the event they are required for future
reference.Any samples submitted to our laboratory will be retained for a
maximum of thirty (30)days from date of this report unless other arrangements
are requested.
If there are any questions about the report or the services performed during this
project,please call for assistance.We will be happy to answer any questions or
concerns which you may have.
Thank you for using Paradigm Analytical Labs for your analytical service
projects.We look forward to working ",ith you again on any additional needs
which you may have.
Sincerely,
Paradigm Analytical Laboratories
'~~~~
Laboratory Director
Mark Randall
North Carolina Wastewater Certification #481
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 52100
Client Sample 10:GP-8(?~·7
Client Project 10:01-003-0109
Lab Sample 10:41213
Lab Project 10:G247-4
Matlix:Water
Date Anaiyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:5/12198
Date Received:5/13/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Benzene
Bromobenzene
Bromochloromethane
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Bromomethane
n-Butylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Oibromochloromethane
1,2-0ibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethane
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
trans-1,2-dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
1,1-Dichloropropene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
4-lsopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Naphthalene
n-Propyl benzene
Flags:BOL '"Below Quantitation Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ug/LI
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Result
(ug/LI
BOL
SOL
BOL
eOL
BOL
eOL
eOL
BOL
BOL
BOL
BQL
SaL
BOL
BOL
BOL
BOL
SaL
BOL
BOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SaL
BOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
Reviewed by:"""'=-
Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
.~\....."\
Client Sample ID:GP,8 \.'(Co I j
Client Project ID:01-003-0109
Lab Sample ID:41213
Lab Project ID:G247-4
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:5/12198
Date Received:5/13/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1.1 ,2.2,Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
o-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane·d4
Toluene-d8
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Flags:SQL =Selow Quantltation Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ugiL)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
8.8
8.2
9.3
Result
(ug/L)
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
%Rec
88
82
93
Reviewed by:\.:,..,.-
Page 2
PARADIG'v1 ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
byGCMS 62100
/(",
Client Sample 10:GP-9 l \:...0)
Client Project 10:01-003-0109
lab Sample 10:41214
lab Project ID:G247-4
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:5/12/98
Date Received:5/13/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
compoulld
Benzene,
Bromobenzene
Sromochloromethane
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Bromomethane
n-Butylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Oibromochloromethane
1.2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Oibromomethane
1.2·Dibromoethane (EDB)
1,2·Dichlorobenzene
1,3-DiChiorobenzene
l,4·Dichlorobenzene
l,l-Dichloroethane
1.1-Dichloroethene
l,2-Dichloroethane
cis-l,2-0ichloroethene
trans-1.2-dichloroethene
l,2-Dich/Oropropane
l,3-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
l,l-Dichloropropene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
4-lsopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Naphthalene
n·Propyl benzene
Flags:BOL =Below Ouantitation Limit
Ouaotitatioll
Limit (uglL)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Result
(ug/L)
Sal
Sal
Sal
BOl
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
Sal
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
SOL
SOL
Sal
Sal
Sal
Sal
Sal
Sal
3
Sal
BOl
Sal
Sal
Sal
Sal
SOL
.BOl
SOL
SOL
SQl
Sal
BOl
SOL
Sal
SOL
Sal
Reviewed by:IV><='
Page 1
PARADIGM ANALITICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
(
".-i:-......\Client Sample ID:GP·9r'_6 ;
Client Project 10:01-003-0109
Lab Sample 10:41214
Lab Project 10:G247-4
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:5/12/98
Date Received:5/13/98
Dilution:1.0
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p·Xylene
o·Xylene
Ouantitation
Limit (uglL)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Result
(ug/L)
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
0.8
SOL
SOL
2
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
•
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2·Dichloroethane-d4
Toluene-d8
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Flags:SOL =Selow Ouantitation Limit
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
8.9
8.3
9.4
%Rec
89
83
94
Reviewed by:ht:z,.
Page 2
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:GP·10 ,;?;\;
Client Project 10:01-003-0109
Lab Sample 10:41215
Lab Project 10:G247-4
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:5/12/98
Date Received:5/13/98
Dilution:1.5
•
•
Compound
Senzene
Sromobenzene
Sromochloromethane
Sromodichloromethane
Sromoform
Sromomethane
n-Sutylbenzene
sec-Sutylbenzene
tert-Sutylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4"Chlorotoluene
Oibromochloromethane
1,2-0ibromo-3-chloropropane
Dlbromomethane
1,2·0ibromoethane (EDS)
1,2·Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-0ichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethane
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
trans-1,2-dichloroethene
1,2"Dichloropropane
1,3-0ichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
1,1-Dichloropropene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Oiisopropyl ether (DIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
4-lsopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)
Naphthalene
n-Propyl benzene
Flags:BOL"Below Ouantitation Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
OJ7
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
7.7
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
7.7
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
7.7
0.77
0.77
0.77
Result
(ugfL)
SQL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SaL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
Reviewed by:fw-~
Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GCMS 62100,,--.....
Client Sample 10;GP-10 \.'(-~)
Client Project 10:01-003-0109
Lab Sample 10;41215
Lab Project 10:G247-4
Matrix;Water
Date Analyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:5112/98
Date Received:5113/98
Dilution:1.5
•
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethane
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1 ,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p..Xylene
o-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane-d4
Toluene-d8
Comments;
All results are corrected for dilution.
Diluted due to limited sample volume.
Flags;SOL =Below Quantitation Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
1.5
0.77
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/l)
8.8
7.7
8.9
Result
(ug/L)
SQL
BQL
BQL
BOL
SOL
SQL
SOL
BOl
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
%Rec
88
77
89
Reviewed by:.....,_
Page 2
PARADIGM ANALITICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample ID:Trip Siank
Client Project ID:01-003-0109
lab Sample ID:41216
lab Project ID:G247-4
Matrix;Water
Date Analyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:5/12198
Date Received:5/13/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Benzene
Bromobenzene
Bromochloromethane
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Bromomethane
n-Sutylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Dibromochloromethane
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
1,2-Dibromoethane (ED B)
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
l,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloroethane
cis-l,2-Dichloroethene
trans-l,2-dichloroethene
1.2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane
2.2-Dichloropropane
1.1-Dichloropropene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
4-lsopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)
Naphthalene
n-Propyl benzene
Flags:SOL =Selow Quantitalion Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Result
(uglL)
SQl
BQl
SQl
BQl
BQl
SQl
Sal
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
SQl
BOL
Sal
BOl
SOL
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
Sal
BOl
Sal
Sal
Sal
BOL
Sal
Sal
SQl
Sal
BQl
BOl
Sal
SQl
Sal
Sal
Sal
BQl
SOL
Reviewed by:LM-.:.=__
Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GCMS 62100
Client Sample ID;Trip Blank
Client Project ID:01-003-0109
Lab Sample ID:41216
Lab Project ID;G247-4
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:5/19/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:5/12/98
Date Received:5/13/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1·Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p.Xyiene
o-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
l,2-Dichloroethane-d4
Toluene-dB
Comments;
All results are corrected for dilution.
Flags:BOL '"Selow Quant/tatlon Limit
Quantitation
Limit (uglL)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
9.7
10
9.7
Result
(ug/L)
SQL
BQL
SOL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SOL
SOL
BQL
SOL
SOL
BQL
SQL
SOL
BQL
SQL
SOL
%Rec
97
100
97
Reviewed by:I\:?:..
Page 2
tARADIGM AN1Ii.YTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
p27 NOl1hchase J.va)'5E,Wilmington,NC 28405
Ihone:(910)-350-1903 FAX:[phone]
Chaill-of alSI~Ccord &Alia lyticaJ Requesl COC#152.
Page 1-of L
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Report To:Mlib<HGi'th.j e
Invoice To:
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704 392 9073 P.01/0S
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•HYDROLOGIC,INC./--li\j___________________________1 (...I~._
,.~'0~'
ANALYTICAL AND QUALITY CONTROL REPORT
Mike Haseltine 09/08/1998
ALCATEI.
2912 Wake Forest Road
~aleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job Number:.98.02395
Enclosed is the Analytical ~~d Quality Control ~eportB for the
following samples submitted to HydroLogic -Frankfort for analysis:
project Description:9S-11S8
Sample
Number Sample Description
21345
21346
213 65
21366
2::419
2::''''20
4';'2:
'.'"422'_423
21424
2::'425
21426
21427
21428
21429
11430
F:::ELD BLANl(
I.-I
MW-'lSS
MW-1SD
llK-lA
BK-IB
SEC-2A
BK-2S
EK-3A
BK-3E
MW-13S
MW-IOS
MW-9SIC
M'fI-9DK
MW-12S
MW-14D
Matrix
WATER
WATERwATER
WA1'BR.
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOrL
SOILWATERWATER
WATERWATER
WATER.WATER
Date
Sampled
08/14/19S8
08/13/1998
08/14/1998
08/14/199S
08/13/lS98
08/13/1998
08/13/1998
oa/).3/1.998
08/13/1998
08/13/1998
08/13/1998
08/14/1998
08/H/1998
08/14/19:;8
08/14/199B
OBI14/1998
Date
Received
08/18/1998
08/1S/1998
08/1S/1998
08/18/1998
os/18/19$8
OS/18/1$~8
oa/18/1998
oa/18/1998
08/18/1998
OS/18/U98
oa/18/1998
oe/18/1998
oa/18/1998
oa/18/1998
08/18/1998
OB/18/1998
The Quality Control report ~s generated on a batch basis.All
information oontained in this report is for the analytical batch{es)
in which your sampleCs)were analyzed.All anlytioal ~atchCes)are
initiated at 8:00 a.m.unless othe~ise flagged on report.
were analyzed accordincr toNPOESregulations,ancofWaterandWastewater.
All samplesi,.SW-S';'6.Exarnination
PO~I"11"Fax Not.7671 0&1&lltO'"pagBs
To ;<-t,::I%.""'m d~p
Co.lCspt Co.
P/l.¢;'Jog ~Ph-OI'Ie#
F..'F...f 34
the RCRA guidelines described
Standard Methods for the
~Projeot Representative
~'__.il'OI'lT,1<Y 40SCI
•502·223",,25'FAX:502-87~016 /TO~"FREE 800-728.225'
SEP-08-1998 15:38_HYDROLOGIC CHARLOTTE
"......,~u...'-''-II......-rl''l:l-Il'''',...,r-UK I
704 392 9073 P.02/05
502 875 8016 P.8VI1JS
•_H_Y_DR_O_LO_GI.-;.C,_'NC_D ~,.\_
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ANALYTICAL AND QUALITY CONTROL REPORT
Mike Haseltine 09/08/1998
ALCA1'EL
2912 Wake Forest Road
Raleigh,NC 27609
HydroLogic Job NUmbe~:98.02335
Enolosed is the Analytical and Quality Control Repor~s for che
folloWing samples submitced to HydroLogic •Fr~nkfort for analysis,
Project Description,98-1158
Sample
Nu~ber ~mple Description
21431
21432
21'033
21434
MW-7D
MW-4S
FIELD BLANK
MW-1D
Matrix
WATER
WATE.~
WAT!R
WATER
DateSampleg
OS/14/19S18
08/14/19>18
09/14/19>1S
08/14/1998
Dal:e
Received
OS/18/19>18
08/18/199B
OS/l8/HlSIS
OS/lS/1998
•
The Quality Conl:rol report is gen~rated on a batch basis,All
information contained in this reporl:is for the analytical batch(es)in which your sample(sJ were analy~ed.All anlyeical batch(es)areinitiatedat8,00 a.m.unless otherwise flagged on report.
All samples were analyzed according to the RCRA guidelines described
in SW-846,NPDES regulations,and Standard Methods for theExaminationofWaterandWastewater.
Projecc Represencative
Page 2 of 34
1491 TWILIGHT TRAIL FRANKFORT,'I\Y 40601
SONZHl2S1 FAX:SON'/;-8016I TOLL FREE IlIlO·726·2Ml
HYDROLoGIC,INC.
SEP-08-1998 1S:39
•
ALCAnL
Mil..,llaseltine
2912 WaKe Forest Road
~aleigh,NC ~7G09
HYDROLOGIC CHARLOTTE----~-....,..........,....\
.'-'-"-._--~l
1
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Client ~oject ro:S9-11SB
T~at~ve1y XdeDtif~ed
C""Il?oun<l
S~LE DESCRIPTION
L-l.
OATS-TIME SAMPLED
:1.1:00
Volatile tib~ary Search
NO TICS 1'0=
•
•
UQ1
14S1 T'M~IGHT TRAIL FRANKFOFtT.KY 40601
SQ;!·Zl3-l125'FAX:502·875-$01 e{TO\.1.FREE 800-128"2251
\I
i
HYDROLOG1C CHARLOnE
ot
SI"P-08-1998
~
HYDROLOGIC,INC.
Utiill'tk'rl1t,l:
1"UllIIAROUNIHIME
o 24rllI!m a "'./oJ:HmJQ
a s o.~,t.I I"0.Y'
Isain ofCustody Reeord LrI
Page-a..o,~n /j,".hC'r,ritl1"~NCO n Ntn\'m:<..-.fi.A tJ OttlhIlEr;:~NC 0 l:tilll:!.;fnJ!g..,;r"itt.....~i1\·i1r..'_~r IT
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•
•
•
(S;)OA punO.UbPlla)A"....mS "qoJdoa9 lU<lIPIl4·dn
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
Results for Inorganics
•Client Sample 10;GP-01 Analyzed By;JMF
Client Project 10:010030109 Date Collected:4/6/98
Lab Sample JO:39353 Date Received:4/8/98
Lab project 10:G247-1 Matrix:Soil
Solids 94.59
Metals Result Quantitation Units Procedure Date
Limit Analyzed
Copper 3.73 1.01 MG/KG 6010A 4/19/98
Lead 2.40 1.01 MG/KG 6010A 4/19/98
•
•
Comments
BOL '"Below Quantitation Limits
Reviewed By:hole
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
Results for Inorganics
•Client Sample 10:GP-02 Analyzed By:JMF
Client Project 10:01 0030109 Date Collected:4/6/98
Lab Sample 10:39354 Date Received:4/8/98
Lab Project 10;G247-1 Matrix:Soil
Solids 89.80
Metals Result Quantitation Units Procedure Date
Limit Analyzed
Copper 2.56 1.05 MG/KG 6010A 4/19/98
Lead BQL 1.05 MG/KG 601DA 4/19/98
•
Comments
BOL "Below Quantitation Limits
Reviewed By:h-I
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,I"iC
•Client Sample 10:GP-02
Client Project 10:01 0030109
lab Sample 10:39354
lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Soil
Results for Volatiles
by GCMS 8260B
%Solids:89.8
Date Analyzed:4/13/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Colleoted:4/6/98
Date Received:4/6/98
Dilution:1
•
•
Compound
Acetone
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
8romobenzen8
Sromochloromethane
Sromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Brornomethane
2-Sutanone
n-Sutylbenzene
sec-Sutylbenzene
tert-Sutylbenzene
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
DibromochI0 romethane
1,2-0ibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDS)
1,2-0iohlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
trans-1.4-Dichloro-2-butene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1,2-0ichloroethane
cis-1,2-0ichloroethene
trans-1,2-dichloroethene
1,2-0ichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane
2,2-0ichloropropane
1,1-0ichloropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-Diohlcropropene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
2-Hexanone
lodomethane
Isopropylbenzene
Flags:SOL =Selow Ouantilation Limit
Ouantitatlon
Lim it (ug/KG)
56
110
110
11
11
11
11
11
11
28
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
Result
(ug/KG)
SOL
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
Sal
SOL
SOL
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
Sal
SOL
SOL
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
Sal
Sal
SOL
Sal
SOL
Sal
Sal
Sal
Sal
SOL
SOL
Sal
Sal
Sal
SOL
Reviewed by:bd
Pa.ge 1 of 2
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for VolatHes
by GeMS 82608
Client Sample 10:GP-02
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39354
Lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Soli %Solids:89.8
Date Analyzed:4/13/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:4/6/98
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1
•
Compound
4-I$Opropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Naphthalene
n-Propyl ben"ene
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetraohloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3·Trichloroben«ne
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1-Triohloroethane
1,1,2·Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylben«ne
1,3,5-Trirnethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
o-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Bromofluorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane-d4
Toluene-d8
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Flags:SQL =Below Quantitation Limit
Quantltation
Limit (ug/KG)
11
22
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
22
11
Spike
Added
(ug/KG)
50
50
50
Surrogate
Result
(ug/KG)
47.2
53.1
50.9
Result
(ug/KG)
BOL
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
BOL
BOL
BaL
SaL
SOL
SOL
BaL
BaL
BOL
BaL
SOL
BaL
BOL
SOL
BOL
BOL
BaL
%Rec
94
106
102
Reviewed by:?:Nt'
Page 2 of 2
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:GP-03
Client Project 10;01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39355
Lab Project 10:G247"1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/14/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:4/6198
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Benzene
Bromobenzene
Bromochloromethane
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Bromomethane
n-Sutylbenzene
sec-Sutylbenzene
tert-Sutylbenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
2-Chlorotoluene
4-Chlorotoluene
Oibromochloromethane
1,2-0ibromo·3-chloropropane
Oibromomethane
1,2-0ibromoethane (EOS)
1,2·0ichlorobenzene
1,3-0ichlorobenzene
1,4-0ichlorobenzene
1,1·0ichloroethane
1,1-0ichloroethene
1,2-0ichloroethane
cis-1,2-0ichloroethene
trans-1,2-dichloroethene
1,2·0ichloropropane
1,3-0ichloropropane
2,2-0ichloropropane
1,1-0ichloropropene
Oichlorodifluoromethane
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)
Ethylbenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
4-lsopropyltoluene
Methylene chloride
Methyl-terl-butyl ether (MTSE)
Naphthalene
n·Propyl benzene
Flags:SOL'"Selow Ouantitation Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Result
(ug/L)
SQL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SQL
SOL
SOL
SQL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
Reviewed by:b:tI
Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:GP-03
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10;39355
Lab Project 10:G247-1
Matrix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/14/98
Analyzed By:MES
Date Collected:4/6198
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichloroben:zene
1,2,4-Trichloroben:zene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
o-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane-d4
Toluene-d8
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Surrogate failure confirmed by reanalysis.
Flags:BQL '"Below Quantitation Limit
Quantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
7.2
11
7
Result
(ug/L)
SQL
SQL
SOL
SQL
BQL
SQL
SQL
BQL
SQL
SQL
BQL
SOL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
SQL
%Rec
72
110
70
Reviewed by:E>.f
Page 2
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC,
Results for Volatiles
by GCMS 6210D•Client Sample ID:GP-05 Date Analyzed:4/14/98
Client Project ID:01 003 0109 Analyzed By:MES
Lab Sample 10:39356 Date Collected:4/6198
Lab Project ID:G247-1 Date Received:4/8/98
Matrix:Water Dilution:1.0
Compound Quantitation Result
Limit (ug/L)(ug/L)
Benzene 0.5 BOL
Bromobenzene 0.5 BQL
Bromochloromethane 0.5 BOL
Bromodichloromethane 0.5 BOL
Bromoform 0.5 BOL
Bromomethane 0.5 SOL
n-Sutylbenzene 0.5 BOL
sec-Sutylbenzene 0.5 SOL
tert-Butylbenzene 0.5 BQL
Carbon tetrachloride 0.5 SOL
Chlorobenzene 0.5 BOL
Chloroethane 0.5 SQL
Chloroform 0.5 SOL
Chloromethane 0.5 BOL
2-Chlorotoluene 0.5 BOL
4-Chlorotoluene 0.5 BOL•Dibromochloromethane 0.5 BOL
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 5 SQL
Dibromomethane 0.5 SOL
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDS)0.5 BOL
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 SOL
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.5 BOL
1,1-Dichloroethane 0.5 SOL
1,'-Dichloroethene 0.5 SOL
1,2"Dichloroethane 0.5 BOL
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 0.5 BOL
trans-1,2-dichloroethene 0.5 SOL
1,2·Dichloropropane 0.5 SOL
1,3-Dichloropropane 0.5 BOL
2,2-Dichloropropane 0.5 SOL
1,1-Dichloropropene 0.5 SOL
Dichlorodifiuoromethane 5 BOL
Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)0.5 SOL
Ethylbenzene 0.5 SOL
Hexachlorobutadiene 0.5 BOL
Isopropylbenzene 0.5 SOL
4-1 sopropyltoluene 0.5 SOL
Methylene chloride 5 SOL
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTSE)0.5 2•Naphthalene 0.5 0.7
n-Propyl benzene 0.5 SOL
Reviewed by:-r;.,..,;
Flags:SOL"Below Ouantitation Limit Page 1
PARADIGM ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,INC.
•
Results for Volatiles
by GeMS 62100
Client Sample 10:GP-OS
Client Project 10:01 003 0109
Lab Sample 10:39356
Lab Project 10:G247.1
Matlix:Water
Date Analyzed:4/14/98
Analyzed Sy:MES
Date Collected:4/6198
Date Received:4/8/98
Dilution:1.0
•
•
Compound
Styrene
1,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2.Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Trichloroethene
1,1,1.Tlichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
m-,p-Xylene
o-Xylene
Surrogate Spike Recoveries
Compound
Sromofluorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane-d4
Toluene.d8
Comments:
All results are corrected for dilution.
Flags:SOL'"Selow Ouantitation Limit
auantitation
Limit (ug/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
0.5
Spike
Added
(ug/L)
10.0
10.0
10.0
Surrogate
Result
(ug/L)
9.5
11
6.8
Result
(ug/L)
SOL
BOL
SOL
SOL
0.7
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
SOL
%Rec
95
110
68
Reviewed by:b-r'
Page 2
•PARADIC"I ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES,I7\C.
2627 Northchase Parkway S.E.
Wilmington.North Carolina 28405
[phone]
Fax (910)350,1557
Mr.Mike Haseltine
Triangle Environmental
295A N.Green Meadows Dr.
Wilmington N,C 28405
Report Number:G 247-1
Client Project Number:01 0030109
Dear Mr.Haseltine:
Date 04-22-98
•
•
Enclosed are the results of the analytical services performed under the
referenced project.Copies of this report and supporting data will be retained in
our flies for a period of five years in the event they are required for future
reference.Any samples submitted to our laboratory will be retained for a
maximum of thirty (30)days from date of this report unless other arrangements
are requested.
If there are any questions about the report or the services performed during this
project,please call for assistance.We will be happy to answer any questions or
concerns which you may have.
Thank you for using Paradigm Analytical Labs for your analytical service
projects.We look forward to working Nith you again on any additional needs
which you may have.
Sincerely,
Paradigm Analytical Laboratories
.~r25J-,-
Laboratory Director
Mark Randall
North Camlina Wastewater Certification #481
COC#15079PARADIGMANALYTICALLABORATORIES,INC.
2627 Northchase Parkway SE,Wilmington,NC 28405
Phone:[phone] FAX:[phone]
Chain-of Custody Record &Analytical Request
Page i of I
G2cfl-(
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Address:2"i5-k Ai.G!'o<'"h /t1b<J.....,.:r::..Coutact:~Job Number:_
Quote #:PIIOUC:312-OJ J t l3 '"Invoice 1b:
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P--os ~/1/9q/5Z'),IAtD 1./I vi I I I I I III
120b wAhd/bEll Itkol v I VI I I I I Itil I I I
;.;;;\~~'f";;~»~~m ~~fl:s~tii~le.~jjY;;.;'.Aitbill #.
a-e 1
r-----1,----+----+-----------'
I -_.------
•
APPENDJXE
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BACKGROUND AND SOURCE AREA COPPER AND
LEAD
•
Shapiro·Wilk Test of Normality
Copper
x(i)x(n-i+1 )x(n-I+1)-x(/)an-/+1 bi
1 0.1 74 73.9 0.4291 31.71049
2 0.49 50 49.51 0.2968 14.69457
3 0.61 44.2 43.59 02499 10.89314
4 0.72 21.4 2068 0.215 4.4462
5 1.3 16 14.7 01864 2.74008
6 1.5 16 14.5 0.1616 2.3432
7 1.6 16 14.4 0.1395 2.0088
8 1.6 13 11.4 0.1192 135888
9 1.7 11.4 9.7 0.1002 0.97194
10 2.3 7.5 5.2 0.0822 0.42744
11 2.56 4.9 2.34 0.065 0.1521
12 2.7 4.5 1.8 0.0483 0.08694
13 2.8 3.7 093 0.032 0.02976
14 2.8 3.7 0.9 0.0159 0.01431•15 2.8 2.8 0 0 0
16 3.7 2.8 -0.9
17 3.7 2.8 -0.93 b =71.87785
18 4.5 2.7 -1.8 17.20015
19 4.9 Z,56 -2.34 SD =0.789739
20 7.5 2.3 -5.2 W=0.623688
21 11.4 1.7 -9.7
22 13 1.6 -11.4
23 16 1.6 -14.4 Table A-2
24 16 1.5 -14.5 W .05,29 =.926
25 16 1.3 -14.7
26 21.4 0.72 -20.68 since W<-.926
27 44.2 O.M -43.59 non-normality
28 50 0.49 -49.51
29 74 O.I -73.9
•
Skewness Coefficient =2.11598942
•
Shapiro-Wilk Test of Normality
Lead
x(i)x(n-i+1 )x(n-I+1)-x(l)an-I+1 bi
1 0.1 17,0 16,9 0.4127 6,97463
2 0,I 10.7 10,6 0,2854 3.02524
3 0,1 9.5 9.4 0,2439 2,29266
4 0.1 8,6 8,5 0,2132 1.8122
5 0,1 7.0 6.9 0.1882 1.29858
6 0.1 ~.3 6.2 0.1667 1.03354
7 0.1 6.3 6.2 01475 0,9145
8 0.1 6,0 5.9 0,1301 0,76759
9 0.1 5,4 53 0,114 0,6042
10 0.1 5,1 5 0,0988 0.494
11 0,1 4.1 4.1 0.0844 0.34604
12 0,1 4.0 3.9 0.0706 0,27534
13 0.1 2..4-2.3 0,0572 0,13156
14 0,1 0.1 °00441 °•15 0.1 0,1 °0,0314 °16 0.1 0,1 °0,0187 °17 0.1 0.1 °0,0062 °18 0,1 0.1 °b =19.97008
19 0.1 0.1 °SD =4.13283
20 0.1 0.1 °0.841154
21 0,1 0.1 °W=0.707539
22 2.4 0.1 -2.3
23 4.0 0,1 -3,9 A-2
24 4,2 0.1 -4,1 W05,34 =,933
25 5.1 0,1 -5
26 S.•0,1 ·5,3 since W<.933
27 6,0 0.1 -5,9 non-normality
28 6.)0,1 -6,2
29 6,)0.1 -6.2
30 7,0 0.1 ~6.9
31 8,6 0.1 -8,5
32 9.5 0.1 -9,4
33 10.7 0.1 -10,6
34 17,0 0,1 -16,9
•Skewness Coefficient =1,962845
•Concentrations
TCA PCE&TCA
PCE
1,1,1-TCA
1,1-DCE
Organic CI
MW-14d MW-2d
0.5 729
16000 828
810 418
13358.74 1569.467
MW-4d MW-9dk MW"15d
240 81 17
130 37 3.04
230 225 73.2
476.8 272.5707 74.09472
MW-13s MW-9sk
242 0.5
562 0.5
2610 0.5
o 2712.992 1.192
•
•
Chloride
Organic Chlorine
sum
MW-14d MW-2d MW"4d MW-9dk MW"15d
30.41 85 35.82 10.89 11.92
13358.35 1569.467 476.8 272.5707 74.09472
13388.76 1654.467 512.62 283.4607 86.01472
MW-13s MW·9sk
80.86 27.94
o 2712.992 0.5
o 2793.852 28.44
•Levenes Test of Homogeniety of Variance
compliance
background
Copper
mean residual m
12.92
3.96
13.39
8.96
Copper
(mg/Kg)
2.7
0.72
1.7
1.6
1.3
0.61
1.6
16
16
13
50
74•16
0.1
44.2
4,5
21.4
11 ,4
2.8
1.S
0.49
2.56
z =overall mean
11.17
residual sqrd
10.217273 1043927
12.197273 148.7735
11.217273 125.8272
11.317273 1280807
11.617273 134.961
12.307273 151.469
11.317273 1280807
3.0827273 9.503207
3 0827273 9.503207
0.0827273 0.006844
37082727 1375129
61082727 3731.1
3.0827273 9503207
12.817273 164.2825
31282727 978.609
8.4172727 70.85048
8.4827273 71.95666
1.5172727 2302117
10 117273 102.3592
11.417273 130.3541
12.427273 154.4371
10.357273 107.2731
•
3.7
7.5
2.8
4.9
2.8
3.7
2.3
BACKGROUND
9.1872727 84.40598
5.4172727 29.34684
10.117273 102.3592
8.0172727 64.27666
10.117273 102.3592
92172727 84.95812
10.617273 112.7265
•Levenes Test of Homogeniety of Variance
Copper
sum of squared residuals
sum of residuals
5stotal
55 Error
55 wells
from tables f"4.21
8419.19
357.21
Sum-of·Squares Degrees of freedom Mean·5quare f ratio
4019.11 28 143.54
3133.04 27 116.04
886.07 1 886.07 7.64
•since f;>4.21 assumption of equal variancs is rejected.
•
•
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Two Groups
••
Copper Lead
(rug/Kg)Rank (rug/Kg)Rank
0.1 1 0.1 11
0.49 2 0.1 1J
0.61 3 0.1 1l
0.71 4 0.1 11
l.J 5 0.(I j
1.5 6 0.1 Ii
1.6 7..~0.1 JI
!.6 7.5 0.1 11
1.7 9 0.1 1J
2.3 10 0.1 II
2.56 Ii 0.1 JJ
2.7 12 0.1 l!
2.8 IJ.5 0.1 II
2.8 JJ.5 0.1 11
2.a 15 0.1 lJ
3.7 16.5 0.1 1J
3.7 16.5 0.1 11
4.5 18 0.1 II
4.9 19 0.1 lJ
75 20 0.1 II
11.4 21 0.1 11
13 22 2.4 22
[6 24 4.0 2J
16 24 4.2 24
16 24 5.1 2j
•
Copper
(mglKg)Rank
11.4 26
44.1 27
5Q 28
74 29
Rank sum =435
W =compliance rank sum-[n(n+1)12)=
E(W}=mnl2 =
SD(W)=sqrt((mn(N+1)112(1-sum(t"3-t)I(N"3-N)=
•
Lead
(mglKg)Rank
5.4 26
6.D 27
6,3 28
6.3 29
7.0 ]Q
8,6 3l
73.00 9.5 32
to.7 33
nDO 17.0 34
Ranksum=540
19.60:
•
Z=(W-E(W)-D.5)/SD(W)=
background
cu pb
2.3 2.4
2.g 4,0
2,g 6,0
3.7 6.3
3.7 7.0
4.9 g,6
7.5 17.0
-0.23
W =compliance rank sum-(n(n+1)12)=
E(W)=mn/2 =
SD(W)=sqrt[(mll(N+1)/12(1-sum(t"3-t)/{N"3-N}=
Z=(W-E{WI·O.5)/SD(W)=
47
94.5
1054
-2.3
•APPE~l)IX F
OCCURRENCE OF BEDROCK FRACTURES
•Ocuurence of Observed Fractures
ALCATEL Network Systems,Inc.
Raleigh,North Carolina
RW-2 194-192 153-152
RW-4 196-192 188-186 159-158
RW-5 159-156 154-153
RW-6 178-176 164-161
RW-7 164-162
RW-lO 166-156
CRW-7 179-178 159-157
CRW-8 173-172 155-154
CRW-ll 192-186
MW-2d 198-196 171-169
MW-7d 187-186 174-173 169-167
MW-3d 178-176 172-169•MW-4d &4dd 197-192 170-168 125-130
MW-9dk 165-164
MW-12dk 177-176 167-166 160-157
•
•
•
APPENDIXG
DRAFT EPA REGION 4 SUGGESTED PRACTICES FOR EVALUATION OFA SITE
FOR NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS and DEGRADATION
RATE CALCULATIONS
•
•:,:
"
•
I
Draft EPA Region 4 Suggested Practices for Evaluation of a Site For Natural
Attenuation (Biological Degradation)of Chlorinated Solvents'
November,1997
Version 3.0
Ij'his document was formerly titJed Dr.;dt Region 4 A~proac:h to Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents
._----_.'----...........-----~---.---~--'._~----~-~~_._-.__.---~--..............~-
Table of Contents •
,I
Overview of the Technical Protocol .
Overview of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation .
Mechanisms of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ......
Behavior of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes __.
Protocol for Quantifying Biological Degradation During the Remedial
Investigation Process .
Determining Whether Biodegradation is Occurring .
Groundwater Cr,aracterization , ,.
Refine the Conceptual ModeJ.Complete Premodeling Calculations,and
Document Indicators of Biological Degradation .
References ,""", ,__.
Appendix ,, ,.
Page 5
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
Page 13
Page 18
Page 21
P2ge 25 •Page 29
•,
•
•
--~'_.~---_.,
Draft EPA Region 4 Suggested Practices for Evaluation of a Site For Natural
Attenuation (Biological Degradation)of Chlorinated Solvents'
November,1997
This document is an amalgamation of technical information obtained from the Draft AFCEE'
Protocol for Evaluation ofNatural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents In Ground Water,articles in
professional journals,and meeting presantations by experts in the field (see references).
Preface
The ime~t of this document is to provide a resource for the characterization of sites where natural
attenuation (biological degradation)is being proposed or considered.Region 4 wishes to specify that the
Draft Interim Final OSWER Directive on Mcnitored Natural Attenuation (OSWER Directive 9200,4-17)is a
compliment to this document.The hope within EPA ,cationwide is that a guicance document will be put
forth frcm EPA's Office of Research and Deve!opment that will aiso compliment or supersede this
docume:it.At this time a date for this guidance is unk:iown..
The Draft EPA Region 4 Suggested Practices for Evaluation of a Site for Natural Attenuation
(Biological Degradation)of Chlorinated Solvents is being provided by U.S.EPA Region 4 in DRAFT
form c\:e to the evolving rlatura of ~he research beir.;;::e;formed in Jabs and on sites on the biolog"IC21
degr"ca:,:n :f chlor!nated solvents in ground wate'.In addition,on sites where natural attenuation is
being iJ!l.:::iemented and/or c::Jnsidered,site chsrac~e:;::atjon methods~analytical methods and sampiing
te-:hnic~~5 are cn2ngir:g rspidly.The site charact~;jzalion for karst and fractured rock would be subject to
additi",,'"',si re~lJlre"'r1ents,
At a ~i~i:-:l~~U,S.:=.~A Re·;ion.i ex;::ec:s the fcJlo,:,1~::;in a natura:stenwation demcr:$t~atian reocrt:1)a
site ci"larscterizatiorl presemed and supported,2)r:;,~ediai actJon fer the 'source'to be provided 3)a long
term monitoring (inciuding O&M)plan provided..:1)a ccmparison of the natursi attenuation remedy (if this
is an 2~:.~~oriate determination for the site)to an er:b:neered remedy,5)the enumeration of institutional
comrols "~,,:are currently ocera,ion"l "nd enforcea:la for the site and 5)determination of the camon
source and it's sustainabiiity for chlorinated solvent cegracation.
If JOU ",,'Ie comments or ouestions ccncerning this tocument centact Kay VViscnkaemper at 404-582-
8641 or v/[e-mail] web page location is
http:lk'"/I'.'/,epa,gov/region4/wastepgsJofteoserlprotoexp.h tm,
Introduction
Region 4 acknowiedges th"t natural attenuation due to advection,adsorption,biological degradation,
dispersion,and volatilization can effectively reduce ocntaminant toxicity,mobiiity,or volume to !evels that
are pro,ac:ive of human health and the ecosystem.Natural attenuation in ccnjunction with source
treatmen::an be the sole remedial alternative for many sites in Region 4.The framework behind the
evalu",ion requirements in this document are The Nationai Contingency Plan (NCP)citations which are
the bas:s ~cr Na~ura)Attenwation remedy selections fT:ECe in EPA Regior!4.
'...Natural attenuation is genera!ly recommended only when active restoration is
not practicable,cost effective or warranlsd because of site-soecinc conditions
(e.g.,Class III ground water 0,-ground water which is unlikely to be u~ed in the
foreseeable future and there fore oan be remediated over an extended period of
;;Ti",i$dOl;ument was formerly titled Or;;:lft Region 4 Approach to Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents
·'Ar Force CE:!rito;r for Environmental Excellence
I
,
tifile)orwhere natural attenuation is c;x::ec,ed to reduce the concentration of
contaminants in the ground water to lhe remedistion goals-levels determined to
be protective of humsn health and sensilive ecologicsl environments-in a
reasonable time-frame.Further,in sit:.:a·icns where there would be little
likelihood of exposure due to the remOleness of the site,alternate points of
complianoe may be considered,provided contamination in the aquifer is
controlled from further migrations.The selection of natural attenuation by
E?A does not mean that the ground water has been written off and not cleaned
uo but rather that biodegradation,disoe"s'on,dilution,and adsorption will
efi"ctively reduoe contaminants in the "round wster to conoentrations pro~ctive
of numan health in a time frame comp",;",~:e to that which could be accieved
througn active restoration (p.8734).
Another NCP ci,stion stating EPA's position on ground water thst is not a current source of drinking water
but has !tie ability to be used for drinking water pur;;oses is;
...It is EPA policy to consider the benefic'EI use of the water and to protect
.gainst current .nd future exposures.Ground water Is a valuable resource
and should be protected snd restored if necessary and practicable...(p.8733)
The expectslion of EPA in the above citations is th",t "round waler will be restored and when natursl
attenuation aile source treatment are determined tc be ~he appropriate remedial alternative,Or part af a
remedlsl alternative for site ground wster,the follo\'II:':;provisions .re understood.
Measu~=s ar~taken to IIcut off'cOrltinued a,::j::~;:of ccr:teminants to ground water and centro!
rni~ra:ic::of cont~~in;:;rttsin ground water.-:-;-;:5 :=mbca:es removing,remediating,<snd/oi
ccr.tai:Jing the sowrce (seg NCP and OSW=~Sir-Bctive No.9283,1-2).
AJI oo,,:ons of the pluma within the area of sl":",;"';r,ent sh",11 be ramediated to the ground water
pre,ecllcn standard's which ere MCl's,no~-zer:.;MClG's and heslth-basad standards for curr:nt
and potential sources of drinking water.An c~sl,e (within the site property boundary)
downgr.dient compliance boundary will be es:ablished beyond which sccepted limits cannct be
excesdsc so that further degradation of lel"g8 5x~cmses af uncQntaminated ground water will be
pravemed.In other words,the condition in w.",lc~the property boundary is at a significant distance
trom ,he olume the compliance boundary m~st :e located near the existing terminus of the piume.
Additionally !tie area of contamination that exc:eds the standards may not be allowed to increase
prior ,0 attenuation or discharge into surface water (see NCP and OSWER Directive No.9283,1-
2).
Institutional contrcls are r:qulred to ensure that such "round wsters are not used before levels protective
of human health .re reached.On DOE and some DoD sites the enforcesble institutional control issue is
more easily provided for;whereas on RCRA and CERCLA.sites this posas a considerable problem.
Another issue thst is of concem regulatorily is the ccnditiori where plume 'starvation'occurs.In short,this
is where !tie carbon source necessary for bioiogical dB;radation of Chlorinsted solvents runs out snd the
plume is back to the concentrations that could exceed tt.e ground water protection standards.This
'starvstion'Issue forces the need for Identifying what t~a:carbon source is and making a prediction about
the abllilY of the cahbon source to sustain biological d,,;;rsdstion ofthe solvent plume.When identifying
the carbon source is not possible,then long term monitoring wiil be the Sale method of ensuring that
biologicei deg~aGation will continue untii the contamin",,~l conc:ntrations are below the ground water
protection standsrd.This poses a problem with precic,ing the length of time for biological degrsdatlon to
occur and the ultimate cost of using intrinsic degrao",lio;,as part of the final remedial alternative.
The U.S.Envirane,ental Protection Agency's (EPA)O;-:;:e of Resesrch and Development and Office of
Solid Waste snd Emergency Response define natural "'ttsnuation as:
•
•
•
,
12/23197(1:4L?m>C:\o~~IeE\~N\w?oaCS\NATATlEN\RI:OION.I:.wpO:ver:;lQll ;;:.C 4
•
•
The biodegradation,dispersion,dilu,lon,sor:,ion,volatilization,and/or chemical and biochemical
s'abilization of oontamlnants to erre:tively re:::uoe contaminant toxicity,mobility,cr volume to
leve!s that are protective of human health a,~c the ecosystem.
Natura:a~enL.;ationprocesses,such as biod;graca:i::il,can often be dominant factors in the fate and
transpor-:of c~ntaminailt$.Tnus,cor,S;lder5tion aric ~wsntificatiorr of biodegradation precesses is
essential to more thorcugJ,iy undersra..,d GOntamilia;,:fate and transport.
Tliis pa,~er prS5ents 5ugges"lsd prac~;L2;es fer cata c-;:;::£:c:ion and ~rialysis for the eVEiluation of a remedial
option of natural attenuatio,n (through biologioal degradation processes).In some casas,the information
oollecte:::using this protocol will Sl10W that natural at;;nuation processes,with or without source removal,
will recuce the concentrations of these contaminants 10 below risk-based corrective action criteria or will
attain regularory standaros Within an ac;:eptable,site-specific time period.
Overview of the Technical Protocol
Natural attenuation in ground-water systems results f,-om the Integration of several subsurface attenuation
mec.'anisms that are classified as either destructive cr :iondestrL.lctive.Biodegradstion is the most
importan:destructive atter"l~atiOIi mechanism.NondEstructive attenuation mechanisms include sorption,
dispers;on,dilution from recharge,and VOlatilization.
8ioe:eg:a~21;cn of fuel hyarcc.rbons,esoecially be~z;~e,toluene,ethyl benzene,ane:xylenes (BTEX),is
rTl:ainiy iimiu;~d by eJectron ac;eptor availability,ar:c tlc::sgradation of these compounds generally will
prccsBc '.J~tii all of the ccr.t~mir,Ents are c:es:ioyed,!'-:the experisnce of many researchers,there appears
to be an IrJE:-xhzustible suopiy of elect:'"cn accepters iii ,'"T'lostt if not sil,hydrogeologIc enviror1r.1ems.On the
oth;'~and.the mora higi-,Iy c,'1lorinmsa so,vems (e.g..perohloroethsne an~trichloroe~here)typically ara
'wiodegradec under ilatl.:rai cOr'1citions via reCl.lc:iv5 de-:hlorinatJon.~process that requires both e!ec:ron
ac.:s;::c:-s (:he chlorinat:ad ali::hahc ~ydroc:arbons)a:-.::ail adequa!B su~piy of electron dCilorS.Eiec!ron
ccr.ors :c~;~oe fuei ,1ydroc.r:ons or other types of .,~,:~,ropoger.ioc.,rocn (e.g.,landfillleaohate,BTeX,or
r1atur;;;i or;anic carbon).If the sUbsurfsce environme.~,t is depleted of electron donors before the
Chlorinate·,:;aiionatic hvdiOCE:-OOriS 3r~r~rncved+reGl.1-;~jvedechlorination will cease,and r:aturaJ
a:tenL.:alicn ~ay no !or-gel""be protective of human heE~th aild the erivlronment.The need for adequate
eiec:rcr;Gonors is the most significam difference bet'l/asri the processes offuel hydrocar~oli and
chlorir:::W3j sliphfHic hydroca!'"~cr1 biodegrscstioil.Fe,·this reasol"l,it is more difficult to predict the long-
tBrni behavior of chlorin2tej a;Uphatic hydrocarbcn qll..=,~es than fue!hydrocarbon plumes.Thus,it is
impor.ai.:~o have s thorough ur'1ders~anding of the c.::;;:ant natural attenuation mechanisms,
In addition to hsving a better understanding of the prcoessas of advection,dispension,dilution from
reoharge,a~d sorption,it is necessary to better quant',fy biodegradation.Quantification of biodegradation
reeuires a thorough understanding of the interactions :etween chlorinated aliphatio hydrocarbons,
.,nthrooogenic/natural carbon,and inorganio electron aoceptors at the site.Detailed site charaoterization
is requirad to adequately understand these processes.
The proponsnt must scientifically demcnstrats!that ~:cjegradatjol"lof site contaminants is occurring at
rates sufficient to be proteotive of human health and t",e environment in order to support remedi.tion by
Gat~ra!s:ter.uation.Three Iir.es of evidenoe can be ,-,sed to suppo~biological degradation ofchlorinated
s~lver:$·r
•
,
2
ObseNed reduction in contaminant concentratior.s aiong the ftow path downgradient from
the source of contamination;
Documented loss of contamin3nt mass at the field s;:ale;
-Using chemical and geochemical .,".'ytical data (e.g"decreasing parent
compound concentrations,increaslns ::aughter compound concentrations,
depletion of electron acceprors and conors,and incressing metabolic byproduct
concentrations);
- A coessrvative tracer sed e rigoro~s estimate of resideece time aio"g the fiow
path to document cOritamili<S;,1t ma$$reductiol1 and to calcu!~te biolcglcal d;cay
rates at the field scale,
3.Microbioiogicalleboratory'or fiele eata that support the occurrence of biodegr.d.tion and
give rates of biodegradation.
In an evaiwation for the demonstration of biological contaminant degradation,the inves~gator must obtain
either the first two lines of evideece.
The second and third lines of evidence are crucial to the natural attenuation demonstcation of
biodegradation because they provide biodegrad2t:on rate constants.The blodegrada;:ion rEte c::istants
are used in conjunction with the other fate-and-transport parameters to predict contaminant
concentrations and to asssss risk st downgradient points of compiiance.
The first line of evidence is simply an observed reduc.ion in the concentration of released contaminants
cowngredient from the NAPL source area along the groundwater flow path.The observed reduction does
riot prove that cantamiriar"i!s are be\nc::destroyed bec:::use the reduction in ccmamlnant concentr;;;tion
couid b~the result of sdvec~jor.,dispersion,dilt..lticr:f:"Gm recharge,sorption,and voistiJiza!ion with no loss
of CCr"i!E;ilinant mass.Conversely,an irlcreasa in the :;cncentratiens ofsome contaminants,..-nest notably
ceGrada(ion products such as vinyl chloride,ccuid bs Indioative of natursl attenuation.
•
ihe sec~nd line of eviderice relies on chemical ar,c ~:-:ysjca!dat:;::to shew that ccntarr:inant i.i~SS !s being
tes~royed via biodesrsca!ion,not just diluted,The $e-:cnc line of evidence Is divided ime twe
,:ompCfisnts.The first c.:rmponent is the use ,cr chemical analytical data in mass balance ca!c:...:iations to .":
S.-IOW trd:L decreases in contaminant and sleetier:ac::ptor and donor concentrations can be dirac:!y
c~i~;Jats:d to increases in metaboiic e,'lc products aiiC :awghter compounds.The mass baiailce
cajc:.:Lstion can be usee to show that e!ectron acce~t::r and donor concentrations In grour"ld water ar~
s-.Jfficiertt to facilitate deSi"scation of dissolved conta~ji.ar'1t5.Solute fate-and-transpcr.mcc;is can be
:..::sac ~o ;;:jc mass balance calculations and to ccll~tB infcrir.stion Oil degradation.The second com~onent
is the use of measured concamistlons of contamirlan:s and/or bioJogically recalciti2lit ~racers in
c::r.jwric:ion with aquifer hydrogeoiogic ~arameters.swch as seepage velocity and dilution,to show th;:;t a
ieduc~:cii in contaminant mass is oc:::;urnng at the site ~nd to calculate biodegrsdaticn rate constan:s.
'The thirc line of evidence,microbioJogicallaboratory catal can be lJsed to provide adctitiol"ial evider:ce that
indigenous biota are capa~ie of degradlns site contsminar.ts at a particular rats.The most useful type of
rroicrobioiogioai laboratory data is the microcosm study,because it is necessary to show that
biodegradation is occurring and to obtain biodsgracaticn rate constants.
This paps,presents a technical oourse of dats gathsring that allows converging lines of evidence to be
'Microcosm studies are strongly infiusnced by the nature of the geoiogic material suomltted for
stuey,the physical properties of the microcosm,the sampling strategy,and the duration of the study.
No'ed here is that some researchers feel that microccsm stUdies for low levels of contamination are
dif;'icuit to perform.In some casss the microcosm is 'kilLed'prior to sny data being obtained to evaluate
rate C:lnstants.Some researchers feel that rate constants obtained from microcosm studies are
si~i'lificant underestimates of actual conditions arId therefore in some cases are not usefuL In other cases
microcosm stUdies are a productive tool with the foHowing stipulation:if additional evidence (beyond
cc.,taminant a,d geochsmical data snd supporting calculations)supporting biological degradation is
required,a microcosm study using site~spedfic aqwJf€;-materials and contaminants can be unds~ak:=n.
At,overall suggsstlon is that because microcosm studiss are time-consuming and expensive,they should
bs uncert~Ken only at sites where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the biod~gradstion of
ccntamina:lts.•
./
•
•
•
•
us~d to scientifically document the occurrence and c'"antlfy the rates of natural attenuation.Ideally,the
first two lines of evidence should be used In the natur,,!attenuation demonstration.To further dccoment
naIural attenuation,or at sites with complex hydrogec:"gy.obtaining a field-scale biodegradetioc.r"ta may
nO.be pcsslbie;in this case,microbiologicallabo~ator!cata can be used.Such a "weight-of-evicance"
a=proach will greatly increase the likelihood of successfully verifying naturai attenuation at sites where
na.ural processes are restoring the environmental qua;i'!of ground water.
Ccl!ection of en adeqt..:ate oct:::base during the its:-l:tiv=site characterization process is an impo:-:a....t step
in the documentation of natural attenuation.Site charac.erization should provide data on the location,
nature,and extent of contaminant sources.Site c.~ar<,c:erlzatlonalso should provide information on the
locaticn,extent,and concentrations of dissolved ccn;.,mlnation;ground-water geochemical d.,t.,;geologic
information on the type and distribution of subsurface r71aterials;and hydrogeologic parameters sucl,as
hydraUlic conductivity,hydraUlic gradients,and potent:.,i contaminant migralion pathways to hurcan or
ecological receptor exposme points.The data collec;ed during site characterization can be used .0
simulale the fate and trsnsport of contaminants in :he s~bsurface.Such simulation allows predic.ion of
the future extent and concentrations of the dissclved c::Jntanninant piume.Several models'can be used to
simulate dissolved contaminant transport and attenu<"lon.The natural attenuation modeling effort caS
t,V"e primary objectives:1)to predict the future exte",and concentration of a dissolved contamin"nl
plume by simulating the combined effects of advec:ic......dIspersion,sorption,and biodegradation;2.}to
assess the potential for downcradient receOlors to bs exoosed to contaminant concentrations Ita;exceedr;~~la!ory or risk~based le'l9!s intendec to 'be protS~::VE:cf human health and the environment;arc 3)to
previde technical sup~crt for the ratural atenu~::8~;ie~.E:jigl option Et pcstmcce!ing requJ,atory
r'1e~8tjeticns to help design 5 more accurate ver:flca~!:::'"'.and monitoring -strategy and to help identi~1 early
source removal stra~egie5,
UCCi':COr:"'I:letion of the fate~Bnd~transpcr1 rr:cc;,li:J;e~,:;r:.model predictions can be used in an ex;csure
pa:~wc.:ys ;ar.aiysis,jf iiatui"si attenuation is sutf:ci~:i~::::t:iitigale risks to potential recepwrs,the ,::Ji:::onent
of ~2:~..lra!c.:~e!'"lu~tior.~.as a r-sascm:ble b:::sis for r,;~:;::a::r.;;this option with regulators.The ex::rCSL.:ra
~s:.-Iv..ays aiialysis aii~ws the prcponent to 5hO\v :haL:;:;;sr.:ial exposure pathways to r6cs:ptors wi!!no:be
cor;-:p:eted.
Overview of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
An aCCUi"d;:e estimate of the potarltiai for n2tural oicca;radation is jmport~nt to obtain when determining
wrd3ther gl~und-water contamination pres€:ilts a $l.1~s~a:i:;al threat to human health and the environment,
bscause o;ocegradation is the mest Imoor:ant procs~5 .,cting to remove contaminants from ground water,
i'he infc,rmation ;al50 !s usaful whan seiecting the re~.~':jal alternative that will be most cO$t-effs,:~ive,in
eilminatin~or abating these threats should naturai atter,uallen not prove to be sufficient.
Over the past two decades,numerous laboratory and ':sid studies have demonstrated that sUbsurface
microorganisms can degrade a variety of hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents (3,23).Whereas fuel
hydrocarbcns are biodegraded through use as a prilT,a~f substrate (eiectron donor),chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons may und.srgo biodegradation through three different pathways:through use as an electron
acceptor,through use as an eleclron donor,or throu(;~.co·metabolism,Where degradation of the
chicrinEted oi;anic is fortuitous and there is no ber:efi:::the r<1icroorganism.Although at many sites the
L:ss of chlcli,,'j~ted ali;:hatJ'c hy:::rc~a"'boti5:aS elect;c;"',a:::ep::;rs appears to be mos,:im~ort:ant,~nd~i
rlat'Jiai condii:ions at a given site,one or all of thess ~r~~s$ses:i':sy be operating (Figure 1).For sxample,
Figure 1 shews vinyl cnlonde can aerobically mine~aiize to CO"aerobically cometabolize to CO,in the
presence cf toluene,aerobically cometabolize to CO,i~tr,e presence of methane,and reductively
csc,'1iorinate to ethene.In general.but In the e!sctrcn a:ceptor pathway especially,biodegradation of
chiorinated solvents wiil be an electron-donor-Iim;t~d o'ocess.Conversely,biodegradstion of fuel
hydrocarbons is an elec~ro[i-acceptor-limited precess,
7
In a pristine aquifer,native organic carbon is usee as an electron donor,end dissolved oxygen (DO)is •
used first as the prime electron acceptor,Where a:othropogenic carbon (e.g.,fuel hydrocarbon)is
present,it also will be used as an electron donor.Following DO consumption,anaerobic microorganisms
typicslly use additional electron acceptors (as ava;:able)in the following order of preference:nitr6te,ferric
Iron oxyhyoroxide,sulfate,and finally carbon dioxide.Evaluation of the distribution of these electron
accepting compounds can provide evidence of where and how chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon
biodsgradation is occurring.In addition,becauss c;,lcrinated aliphatic hydrocarbons may bs USed as
electron acceptors or eiectron donors (in competiton with other acceptors Or donors),isopieth maps
showing the distribution of the electron acceptor/coner oompounds can provide evidenoe ofthe
mec.'1anisms of biodegradation working.As with 8TEX.the dliving force behind oxidation-rsduction
reacticns resulting In chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation is electron transfer.Although
thermodynamically favorable,most of the reactions involved in Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon reduction
and oxidation do not proceed abiotically.Microor;;anisms are capable ofcarrying out the reactions,but
thBy wlil facilitate only those oxidation reduction r..adcns that have a net yield of snergy.
Mechanisms of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
Electron Acceptor Reactions (Reductive Dechlorination)
The mos,important process for the naitural blodegraid:;,,;on of the more highly chlorinaited soivents is
raduc:ive cechlorinatlon.During the reductive dechiorlr,ation,the chlorinated hydrocarbon is used es an
elec::-cl"l acceptor,,~ot as a source of carbon,and a chiorine atom is removed and rep/sese with a
,'iycrogen atom.In ger:eral,reductive dechlorinaticJ'i cc:urs by sequential dechloriliation,for ex;::;mplej
(edl,.:C::ve de:~hlorinat)ol"i from perch!oroethene to tr:::,;",lcroethene to dichloroethene to vinyl chloride to
~t~le';"I~.Depending en ~nvjranmsntaJ conditions,:1-::r~.juc~ive dechiorination procsss sequence may be
interJ·t.;::::tec.with other'precesses then acting on the ,:r~:::':.Jcts.Reductive dechlorination of chicririared
sclve::t compounds is a$sociat~d with all ac:;umulaticr::Jf daughter products and an incre~se in the •
-;O,lCS1'"ltra~jcn of chloride fons,
Reductive ~echJcrinationaffects eac~of the chJoiir~:;~ethenes differently.Of the c,1\crine::;a et~.she
co,'"r::::;ClJi:':::s,psrchloroethene is the most s1.2sce~tit::e to recuctive dechiorination because it is th;mast
cxidiz;c.CCI1vsrsely,vL1yl c;-;loride is the Jesst Susc$~:ibJe to reductive dechlorination because:it is the
ieas"L cxitizec of these compour'lcs.The rate of rBc:.;c:ive dechlorination also lias been cbssrved to
c~craase as the degree of chiorination decreases (24,25).Murray and Richardson (26)have poscuiated
that this rate decreasa may explain the accumulation of '1inyi chloride in perchloroethene and
trichloroethene plumes that are undergoing reductive cschlorination.
Reductive dechiorination has been demonstrat..d under nitrate-reducing and sulfate-redUcing conditions,
but the most racid biodegradation rates,affecting tr,a widest range ofchlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons,
occur under methanogenic conditions (24).Nitrate/sulfate-reducing condition discussion will be prasented
in greater d..teil in sUbsequent parts of this document 8ecause chlorinated ailiphatlo hydrocarbon
compounds arc used as electron acceptors during reductive dechlorination,there must be an appropnate
source of carbon for microbial growth to occur (24).Potsntial carbon souroes include natural organic
matt..r.fu..1hydrocarbons,or other organic compou~,cs s~ch aiS those found in landfrilleachate.
Eiectron Donor Reactions
Murray 6nd Richardson (26)write that microorganisr:-:s a'e generally believed to-be incapable ofgrowth
wslns trichloroethene and perchloroethene as a primary substrate (i.e.,electron donor).Under aerobic
and some anaerobic conditions,the iess-oxidized chlonnated aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g.,vinyi chlonde)
can ba used as the primary substrate in blologicaily r~ediated redox reactions (22).In the elactron donor
re~c::or:,the facilitating microorganism obtains ene::;y a~;d organic carbon from the degracad chlorinatedali~hatic hydrocarbon.Fuel hydrocarbons are bio:ia;;r6:ied by the eiectron donor process.•
12':::1:';,(.,4.:lpmlC "Of:FIC~\\WIAIIN\IMJOOC$\NAT;"~N\REGION.,j.vvPO:ver~l~:;,:B
•In contrast to reactions in whic,~the chlorinatec "Iic,~atlc hydrocarbon is used as an electron acceptor,
only the least oxidized chlorinated ziiphatic hydroc"c:;,ons can be used as electron donors in biologically
mediated redox reactions.McCarty and Semprini (2.2)describe investigations in which vinyl chloride and
1,2-dichloroethane were shown to serve as primary substrates under aerobic conditions.These authors
also document that dlchloromethane ~as the poten,'al to function as a primary substrate under either
aerobic or anaerobic environments.In addition,oradley and Chapelle (27)show evidence of
mineralization of vinyl chloride unesr iron reducing ""nditions so long as there Is sufficient bioavailable
iron(III).Aerobic metabolism of vinyl c~lcride may be characterized by a loss of vinyl chloride mass and a
decreasing molar ratio of vinyi chlcride to other c~lorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
Co-metabolism
When a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon is biodegraded via co-metabolism,the degradation is catalyzed
by an enzyme or cofac:or that is fOrluitousiy predL:ce:i by the organisms for other purposes.The organism
receivas no known benefit from the degradatior of :~.e chiorinated ailphatic hydrocarbon;in fact,the co-
metabolic degradation of the c~lorir,atad aliphatic h~;jrocarbon may be harmful to the microorganism
responsible for the production of the enzyme or cofactor (22).
Co-metabolism is best documented in aerobic envircnments,although it could occ~r under anaerobic
condilions.It has been reporte:i that under aerobic conditions chlorinated ethenes,with the exception of
perchloroethene,are susceptible to co-metabolic ::egradation (22,23,26).Vogel (23)funher elaborates
that the co-metabolism rate increases as the deC!r~s ~f cechlorina~ion decreases.Durina co-metsoolismt
trichloroethene is indirectly transformed by bsct~...ia as they use sr:::x or cmother substrate to meet their
energy reauirements.Therefore.tncnlorcet~ene cces not enhance the degrsdation of 8TE::X Or ether
carbon sources,nor willits c:,-;-r,etabolism int;;rfe:~\'ith the use of electrcn acceptors irwclved in tr.e
cxjca~ioil of Uiose carbon SOLJtC5S.
•Behavior of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes
Chlortnated solvent plumes can exhibit three tyces cf behavior depending on the amount of solvenl.the
ZmOUrii of biologically avaiiabls or;;;~nic carbon L'"':th,=ac::.uifer,the distribution and concentration of r!aturaJ
eiectrcJ'I aC::::5,~tors+and the types of eie::~rcil aC~E:~t:::,rs being used.It must be no~ed that indiVidual
plu~,es may exhibit all three tyces cf behavior in ciffecent portions of the piume.The different types of
~Iums behEvior are summarized be:ow.
Type 1 Behavior
Type 1 behaVior occurs where the primary subst,,,,e is anthropogenic'carbon (e.g.,8TEX or landfill
leachate),and this anthropogacic carbon drives reduc:ive deChlorination.When evsluating natural
attenuation of a plume exhibiting Type 1,behavior the following questions must be answered:
1.Is the electron donor supply adeqL:ate to allow microbial reduction of the chlorinated
organic compounds?In other werds,will the microorganisms "strangle"bafore they
"starve",will they run out of chlorina,ed aliphatic hydrocarbons (electron accepters)
before they run out of electron donors?
What is the role of competing elee""•.acceptors (e.g.,DO,nitrate,iron(III),and sulfate)?
3 Is vinyl chloride oxloized,or is It recL:csd?
Type 1 behavior results in the rapid and extensive ceg~adation of the highly chlorinated solvents such as
perchloroe:hene,trichloroethene.~nd dichloroethene.•
•
Type 2 Behavior
Type 2 behavior dominates in areas that are chara:tenzsd by relatively high concentrations of biclogically
available native organic carbon.This natural carbon souroe drives reductive dechlorination (i.e.,is the pri-
mary substrate for microorganism growth).When evaiuating natural attenuation of a Type 2 chlorinatad .'.
solvent plume,the same questions as those posed for Type 1 behavior must be answered.Type 2
behavior generally results in slower biodegradatio,",of the highly chlorinated soivents than Type 1
behavior,but under the right conditions (e.g"areas with high natural organic carbon contents)this type of
behavior aiso can result in rapid degradation of chlo.~natadsolvent compounds.
Type 3 Behavior
Type 3 behavior dominates in areaS that are charac:er;zsd by low concentrations of native and/or
anthrooogenic oarbon and by DO oonoentrations grsater than 1.0 milligrams per liter.Under these
aeroblo conditions,raduotlve dachlorlnation will no,ccc~r;thus,thare Is no removal of perchloroethene,
trichloroethene,and dichiorcethene,Advection,dispersion,and sorption are the most signifloant naturai
attenuation meohanlsms fcr perohloroethene,trichi:::rcethene,and dlchloroethene In this setting.
Hcwever,vinyl chloride can be rapidly oxidized under t1ese conditions.
Mixed Behavior
J
A single chlorinated solvent plume can exhibit all three types of behavior in different portions of the plume.
This can be beneficial ior natural biodegradation of c;,iorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon piumes.For
example,VViedemeier et al.(28)describe a plume a,?iattsburgh Air Force 8as""New Yori<,that eXhibits
Type 1 behavior in the source area and Type 3 behavior downgradient irom the source.The most
fortuitous scenario involves a plume in which perchio~CB~hel"le,trichJoroethenet and dichloroethene are
raductively dechiorinated (Tyoe 1 or 2 behavior),then vinyl chloride :s OXidized (Type 3 behavior)either,
aerobicaily or via iron reduction.Vinyl chioride is oxidized to carbon dioxide In this typa of plume and does
net accumula,e.The folicwing sequence of r",acticns c;c::urs in a plume that exhibits this type of mixed
b;~,avicr~
Psrcnlcroethene -T:-:~;'ioroeth6rle ~
Dichloroethene -Vinyi cc,icride -Carbon dlexide
The tric;-,Icrcethene,dichicr.::>ethenet and vinyl chio:i~e i"iii:iy attenuate at approximatei'y the same rE~e.and
tlius these reactions may be conTused with simple cii;.:!:oi'l.Note thst riO ethene is produced curing this
isaction.Vinyl chloride is removed from the systerri i."::..!c:J faster under these cOriditicns than it is under
vinyi chlerids-reducing conditions.
A less desirable scenario,but one In whiCh all oonta:":',ic,a~,s may be entirely biodegraded,involves a
plume in which all chlorinated aliphatiC hydrocarbons are reductively dechlorinated via Type 1 or Type 2
behavior,Vinyl chloride is chemicaliy reduced tc ethene.which may be further reduced to ethane or
methane.The following sequence of reactions occurs in this type of plume:
Perchloroethene -Tric,~loroethene -
Dichloroethene -Vinyl c;'lor.de -Ethene -Ethane
This sequence has been Investigated by Freedmen and Gossett (13).In this type ofplume,vinyl chloriee
dagrades more sloWly than trichioroethene and thus vinyl chloride tends to accumuiate.
Protocol for Quantifying Natural Attenuation During the Remedial Investigation
Process
The princary objective of the natural attenuation inves,isatlon is to show that natural processes of
contaminant degradation will reduce contaminant ccncentratlons in ground water to below risk-bas"'d
corrective action or regulatory levels within an acceptaole distance and/or time frame_The natural
attenuetion investigation requires a prediction of the potential extent and concentration of the contaminant
plume In time and space.The prediction should be basS':!On historic variations in,and the current extent
and conoentrations of,the contaminant plume,as weli aa the measured rates of contaminant attenuation_
S"cause of the inherent uncertainty associated with such predictions,the investigator must provide
sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the meChanisms of natural attenuation will reduce contaminant
cQI1centrations to acceptable levels before potential reca~tors are reached_The demonstration requires
.'the use of conservative solute fate-and-transport moc,,1 input parameters and numerous sensitivity
analyses so that consideration is given to all plausible ::::ntaminant migration scenarios.When possible,
both historical date and modeling should be used to previde information that collectively and consistently
'0
•
•
•supports the natural reduction and removal of the clssolved ccntaminant plume,
Figure 2 outlines the steps involved in the natural at;enuation demonstration.F'lgure 2 also shows the
important regulatory decision points in the process cf implementing natural attenuation.Predicting the
fate of a contaminant plume rsquires the quantlfic~:icn of solut"transport and transformarlon processes.
Quantification of contaminant migration and attenuation rates and successful implementation of the
natural attenuation remedial option requires completion of the following steps:
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7.
•8.
9,
Review available sits data,and develop a preliminary conceptuai model.
Screen the site,and assess the potential for natural attenuation.
Collect additional site charactariz~ticn data to support natural attenuation,as recuired.
Refine the conceptual model,complete premodeling caiculations,and document
indicators oi natural attenuation,
Simulate natural attenu~tion using analytical Or numerical solute fate-and-transport
modeis that allow incorporation of e biodegradation term,es necessery.
Identify curreot and future receptcrs,and conduct an exposure-pathway anelYsis,
Determine wnether source rreatment will be remediation,removal,ccntainment or s
combination of these.
if narural arcenuerion (after source :rsarment)is acceptable,prepare a Icng-term
monirorir,g pian.
Present ~ndlngs to regulatory agencies.
•
Review Available Site Data,and Develop a Preliminary Groundwater Flow and Transport
Conceptual Model
Existing site characte-rization data should be reviewed and used to develop a site-specltic conceptLial
model.The preliminary conceptual mOdel will help identify any shortcomings in the data end will allow
placsment of additional Ga,a collection points in the most scientifically advantageous and cost-effec,ive
manner.A site-specific conceplual model is a three-::imensional representation of the ground~water flow
and solute transport system basad on available geological,biological,geochemical,hydrological,
climatological,and analytical data.This type of conceotuel model difiers from the conceptual site models
that risk assessors commonly usa that qualitativeiy consider the location of contaminant sources,release
mechanisms,transport pathways,exposure points,and receptors.The groundwater system conceptual
model,howev"r,facilitates identification of these risk-~sses$mentelements for the exposure pathways
analysis.After deveiopment,the conceptual modei can be used to help determine optimal placement of
edditional data collection points (as necessary)to aid in the naturel attenuation investigation and to
develop the solute fEte·aild-tran$po~mode!.
Contracting and management controls must be flexible enough to allow for the potential for revisions to
the conceptual model and thus the data collection effort.In cases where little or questionable site-specific
data are a'/ailable,all futurs site characterization activities should be designed to collect the ::lata
necessary to screen the site to determine the potential,for remediation by naturai attenuation.The cata
collected in support of natural attenuation can be used to design and support other remedial measuras.
Tabl"1A.lists a standard set of methods,while T<ibls 1B,lists methods that are under developmaot
and/cr consideration for the soil and ground water ~"alytical protocol for "atursl atte"uation of chlorinated
11
aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or fuel hydrocarbons.Any plan to collect additional ground-water and soil
quality data should include targeting the analytes listed in Table lA.,and Tsble 18.,where the technique
is finalized.
Screen the Site,and Assess the Potential for Natural Attenuation
After reviewing svailable site data and developing a preliminary groundwater flow and transport conceptuel
model,an assessment of the potential for natur",1 attenuation must be made.As stated previously,
existing data can be usefUl in determining whether natural attenuation will be sufficient to prevent a
dissolved contaminant plume from completing exposure pathways,or from reaching a predetermined
point of compiiance,in concentrations above applicable regUlatory or risk-based corrective action
standards.Determining the likelihood of exposure pathway completion is an important component of the
natural attenuation investigation.The detemnination is achieved by estimating the migration and future
extent of the plume based on contaminant properties,including volatility,sorptive properties,and
biodegradability;aquifer properties,including hydr:aulic gradient.hydrauiic conductivity~effective porosity,
and total organic carbon (TOC)content;and the location of the piume and contaminant source relative to
potential receptors (i.e.,the distance between the leading edge of the plume and the potential receptor
exposure points).These parameters (estimated or actual)are used In the example that follows to make a
preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of natural attenuation In reducing contaminant
c:lncentratlons.
if,after completing the steps outlined in this Quantification of biological natural attenuation section,it
appears that natural attenuation wl/l be a significant factor in contaminant removal,detailed si,e ccarac-
terization activities in support of the natural attenuation remeeiation is necessary.If exposure pathways
hsve aiready been comoleted and contaminant concentrations exceed ragulstory leve!s,or if wc;,
comolerion is likely,other remedial measures shculd be considered,possibly In conjunction with natural
~tteriwation.E'len so,the collection of da~a in support of the riatural attenuation option can be jrltsg;-2~ed
[rno a con-:or€hensive remedial plsn and may help reduce t"Je Cjst and duration of ether remedial
measurss.such as intensive sot.1rce removal operatiolls or pumr::~~:md~trest technologies.For aX2:-:1pie,
cissolvBd iron concsm;-at:o:l$C~iI havs a profbunc inn:J6,'lCa on t,19 design of pl.1mp-alid-tre:a~sys~i3;;:s.
•
The scresning process presented in this Qusntiiication of biolcgical natural attenuation section is outlined ."
iri Fi9ure 3.The sc;-es:iing process allows the inves:igstor to detem1ilie whether natural sttenuztiCi1 is
likely to be a viable remedial alternative before adcitior:al time and l"':"Ioney ar~expended.The da:;a re-
quired to rilske the pre!iminEry assessment cf natI.lial a;ttenustion can also be used to aid the design of an
engineered rsmedisi soiwtJon t should the scrssninr;process suggest th~t naturar sttenu8tion alone is not
feasible.The foliowing inrcrmaticn is required fot the screening process:
The cnemical and geochemical data oresentSod in Table 2 for monitoring wells locsted in ~ones
upgradient within the piume and downgraciient.Figures.o!A and 48 show the approximate
locations of da,a collection points all ofwhicn are subs,antlated in the sppropriate flow and
c:lntamlnsnt site investigation.If other contaminants are suspected,then data on the
concentration snd distribution of these compounds aiso must be obtained.
Locations of source(s)and receptor(s).
An estimate of the contaminant transport veiocity and direction of ground-water flow.
Once these data have besn collected,the screening process can be undertaken.The following steps
summarize the screening process:
1.
2.
Determine whether biodegradation Is occurring using geochemical data.If biodegradation
Is occurring,proceed to Step 2_If it is not assass the amount snd types of data available.
If data are insufficient to determine whether biodegradation is occurring,collect
supplemental data.
Detsrmine ground-water flow and solute transport parameters.Hydraulic conductivity and
effective porosity may be estimated,but the ground-water gradient and flow direction may
not.The investigator shOUld use the highest hydraulic conductivity measured at the site
during the preliminary screening because solute plumes tend to foliow the path of least
resistance (i.e.,highest hydraulic conductivity).This will give the "worst case"estimate of
solute migration over a given period.•
.1
3.Locate sources and current and future receptor exposure points.
12
•4.Estimate the biodegradation rate constant In ideal C2SeS,biodegradation rate constants
can be sstimated using a conserva,ive tracer found co-mingled with the contaminant
plume,as described by Wiedem6i6r et al.(36).Wnan dealing with a plume that contains
only chlcrinated solvents,this prooe::uce will have to be modified to use crlloride as a
treeer.Rata constants derived from microcosm studies oan also be used.If it is not
possible to ~s!imate the biodegraca!ion rste using these procedures,then use a range of
accepts:d iit~rature values for bioce;radation of the contaminants of concern,
•
5.Compare the rate of transoort to t~,e r.:,,""of attenuation,using analytioal solutions or a
sc,eening mcce!such ~s BIOSCRE::N .
6.Determine whethe,the sc,eening cri!eria are met
Eaeh step is described in detail below.
Step 1;Determine Whether Biodegradation Is Occurring
The first step in the scrssnir.s orocess is to sample a .'I1:nimum cf six nested weIJ lccEtJon areas that are
representative of the com~,.,..",,,,m fiow system ane :0 analyze the samples for the parameters I§ted in
Table 2.Sampies shoule c",a.<en 1)from the most o::;n:aminated pcrrion ofthe ~quiier (within or as ciose
to the source arsa as PC3S:~IS :)downsradient fi::,~~he source area.in ~he dissolved contaminant
plume (2 sample Iccati~c.;;:2',~owngr.acieM fro IT,!na cissolved c8n,aminant .Dlume:and 4)from
upgradie."t and latera!rccaticr.s ~iic;t are /"lot sfiectE::::;y the piume.
Samoles collected Jr,t,h,E S':;I"':~::~Ar.aa 8!lo\\I dE!t9r7.;:"".a:jc~,cf th=::oi.1ir,arn termina:;ie·::ron-sccepting
process'3s ~t the site.Fi~~~e:'is S:.Jpp!ied in order t::1IL:strate the hierarchy of the terminal e)ectroll~
accepir.g precess,In conjul1c::on wi'lh samples coi!a·:re8 in the Sou...::e Area,sarn::ies cOllected in the
Dissoivec Ccntaminam PI~:ii~c::owngrc;cient from the Sour~e Ares allow the inv~s~iga~or to determine
whethe~the plume is cB~ra:i."'r~with distoEJiCe aJon~the flow path snd when ~he ~is~rjbution of e!ectron
acceotcis arid doners ant ,"':1B:sbolic byproducts rr:i;r-:~bs ~Iong the flew path.The s~mp!e collected
dcwl1graCient from the OissGived Ccntsminent PI~r;;s Eics ill pll.Hl"l,';d~(inestjot,and allows the inv~s~jgator
to d6tsri<iine whether meta::cilc byprodIJct5 sre prsse:,t in en area of ground water that hss apparently
been unaffected by the soow:::e.The upgracierit alid 12:S:ial samples ailow dellneet)ol1 of the plume .end
indicat~:::ackglOund c~nce:n;aLicns of the elec~ron ac:sptors and donors.
After these samples have baer.anaiyzed fo,the par~meters listed in Teble 2 (groundwater matriX ,
parameters),the investigawr should anaiyze the cata to determine whether biodegradation is occurring.
The reason ior using the waler (gmundwater)matrix only in the analysis described in the previous
sentence is because the scoring procedure is based on ground water concentrations and parameter data.
The right-hand column of Table 2 contains scoring vaiues that can be used for this task.For example,if
the DO concentration in the area of the plume with the highest contaminant concent,ation is less than 0.5
milligrams per liter,this .carameter is awarded 3 points.Table 3 summarizes the range of possibie scores
and gives an interpretation 18r each score.If the site scores a total of 15 or more points,biodegradation Is
probably occurring,and the investigator can pmcead to Step 2.This method relies on the fact that
blooegracatioil will causa predictable changes in glot,.;J;c~water chemistry.
Table 3.Interpretation of Points Awarded During Screening Step I
.'
•o to 5
6 to 14
InaceqCJate evidence for :;,iocegradatlon of chlorinated organics
Limited evidence for biodegra::<Etion of chlorinated orgal"1ics
13
-~-~----'------------.._-~--_.__._---
15 to 20
"20
Adequate evidence for biodegradation of chlorinated organics
Strong evidence for biodegradation of chlorinated organics •
Consider the following two exampies.Example 1 contains data for a site with strong evidence that
reductive dechlorination is occurring_Example 2 contains data fora site with strong evidence that
reductive dechlorination is not occurring.
Exampie 1.Strong Evidence for Biodegradation of Chlorinated Organics
Concentration in Most points
Analvte Contamicgted Zone Awarded
DO 0.1 mg/L 3
Nitrate 0.3 mg/L 2
Iron(ll)10 mg/L 3
SUlfate 2 mg/L 2
Methane 5 mg/L 3
Oxidstionl -190 mv 2
rec:Jction
potential
Chioride 3x background 2 •Perchloroethene 1.000 mg/L 0
(reieased)
Trichioroethene 1,200 ug/L 2
(none released)
Example 1.Strong Evidence for Biodegradation of Chlorinated Organics (cont.)
Coccentration in Most points
Analvte Contaminated Zpne AWOlrded
cis-1,2-DCE 500 ug/L 2
(noee released)
Vinyl chloride 50 ug/L 2
(coce re!eased)..
Total points awarded 23
I
In this exemple,the investigator cac infer that biodegr<:dation is occurting and may proceed to Step 2.
•
•Example 2.Siodegradation of Chlorinated organics Unlikely
Concentration in Mcst Points
Aralvte Contaminated Zpn"Awarded
DO 3 mg/l -3
Nitrate 0.3 mg/L 2
Iron(ll)Not detected 0
Sulfate 10 mg/L 2
Methane NO 0
OXidation-reduction 100 mv 0
potential
Chloride Background 0
Trichloroethene 1,200 ug!L 0
(released)
cls-1.2-0ichloroethene Not detected 0
Vinyl chloride NO 0•Total points awarded
In this example.the investigator can infer that biodeg~a:::ation Is probabiy not occurring or is occurring too
slowly to be a viable remedial option.In this case,the investigator cannot proceed to Step 2 and will likely
have to impiement an en@ineersd remediation'system,
This scoring system was developed by Dr.John VViison at EPA's RSOERC and Todd Weidemeie~of
Parsons =nginee~ing and has been peer reviewed.
Step 2;Determine Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport Parameters
•
I
If the interpretation of the score indicates biodegradation is occurring,it is important to quantify
groundwater flow and solute transport parameters.U.S.EPA strongly recommends obtaining site specific
parameter data for supporting natural attenuation to the fullest extent possible.Parameter Quantification
wili make it possibie to use a solute transport mode!to quantitativeiy estimate the ooncentration of the
plume and its direction and rate of travel.To use an analytical modei,it is necessary to know the hydraulic
gradient and hydraulic conductivity for the site and to have estimates of the effective porosity and
dispersivity.The coefficient of retardation also is heipful to know.Quantification ofthese parameters is
discusssd by Wiedemeier et al.(1);the textbook Conta-ninant H'Jdrcoeolooy (Fetter,1992),The Soil
Chemis:N cf Hazardcus Materials (Oragun,1988),pasics of Pumo-and-Treat Grcund-WeW Remediation .>
TechnolMv (Mercer et ai,1990),Principles of Grounw?ter Enaineerino (Walton,1991),and Ground
Water Issue Paper Basic Conceots of Qroanio Conta",i~ant Sorption at Hazardous Waste Sites (Piwoni lOt
ai,1990)also contain information on these variables.
To make modeling as accurate as possible,the investigator must have site-speci~C hydraulic gradient and
hydraUlic conductivity data.To determine the ground-water fiow and solute transport direction,the site
must have at least three aocurately surveyed wells,for t1e most simplistic site hydrcgeolog',c oonditions.
The effective porosity and dispersivity are generally estimated using accepted literature values for the
types of sediments found at the site.If the investisetor does not heve totai orgenic carbon data for soil,•
the coefficient of retardation can still be estimated wsing default litereture values for total orgenic cErbon
soil bulk density,end the aquif~r effective porosity;however,assuming that the solute transport and '
grcund-watBt velocities are the same is usually c~;lservative.
Step 3:Locate Sources and Receptor Exposure Points
To determine the length of flow for the predictive modeling conducted in Step 5,it is important to know the
distance beiween the source of contemination,the downgradient end of the dissolved plume,and any po-
tentiai downgradient or cross·gradient receptors.
Step 4:Estimate the Biodegradation Rate Constant
estimated biodegredstion rates can be used only efter biodegradation has been shown to be occ~rring
(s"e Step 1).The biodegradation rate is One of the most important modei input paramatars.
Biodegradation of chlorine,ed aliphatic hydrocarbcns cen commonly be represented as s first-order rate
cons:ant.Site-specific biodegradation rates are required due to the sensitivity of this parameter to
modeling results and because of the dependence bioiogical degradation has on the physical properties of
the site.If gathering site specifrc degradation ralS:S is absolutely not possible the a method for obtaining
this valus:sho~ld be negotiated with ths:technical'can:ies for U.S.cPA.
Step 5:Compare the Rate of Transport to the Rate of Attenuation
J
At this eariy stage ir;the natural atte:1uatlcr:demor:sl(c:;tion,comparisol"1 of th~rate of solute transport to
the iEte of attenuation is bE:st ac:;omplished using ar,ar:elytical ~cdeL Severai analytical models are
svaiiabie.but the B!OSCRE::N i:1cde!is probabiy tr,s simplest currently avaiJabie mode!to USB.
3!OSCREEN was ceve!oped to simulate biologicai csgradstion of hydrocarbons and the suggestior.s
jelow sl10uld be inc~rpCiat;d into running the mod~i fCI use on chlorinated solvent plumes.ThE!model is
riorlprcprietary and is svaiieble from the Robert S.Karr Laboratory's heme page on the In~ernet
(www.epa.gov/ada/keoriab.html).The 810SCREEN enodel is basad on Domenico's solution to the
advection disoersion equation (38),and allows use of either a first-order biodegrsdation rate or an
instanti;meOl1S re~ctioli betwesr.contaminants ane elec:ron scc,;;:to:s to simulate the Bffects of
jiodegradation.7e mece!transport of chlcrlnsteo aliphatic hydrocarbons wsing BIOSCREEN,or.iy the
first-oreer decay rate option should be usad.The model BIOCHLOR is under development by the
iechnclogy Transfer Division of Air Force Center f::or Environmentai Excellence (AFCEE).The
SIOCHLOR model will be geared towards evaluating transport of chlorinat"d compounds under the
i~fiuence of blodegrada'ion.810PLUME III is ourrently being peer reviewed by U.S.EPA and will be '¥
numerical modei that will simula,e biological decay of organic compounds.Other models exist and a
literature search for thesa models is recommended.
The primary purpose of comparing the rate of transport with the rate of attenuation is to determine
whether the residence time along the fiow path is adeq~ate to be protective ofhuman health and the
anvironment (I.e.,to qualitatively estimate whether the contaminant is attenuating at a rate fast enough to
allow degradation of th"contaminant to acceptable concentrations before receptors,or potential
receptors,are reached).It is important to perform a sensitivity analysis to help evaluate the confidence in
the preliminary screening modeling effort.If modeling indicates that natural attenuation may attain
remedial action objectiveS,then the screening criteria are met,and the investigator can proceed with the
natural attenuation feasibility study.
Step 6:Determine Whether the Screening Criteria Are Met
Sefor"proceeding with the fuli·scale natural attenuatic!n feasibility study,the investigator should ensure
rhat the answers to all of the following criteria are "yes!!;
•
•',>
•
•
•
Has the plume moved a disrance less than ax;:;ected,based on the known (or estimated;time
since the contaminant release and the ccn,ami~ant velocity,as calculated from site·spe:'~c
measurements of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient,as well as estimates of ef'ective
effective porosity and contaminant retarda,icn?The time of release is often difficult to "s:ertain
and it is recommended that conferring with tne regulatory and facility parties invoived wi",the site
be performed in order to prevent costly time and effort with an unsuitable time.
Is it likely that the oontaminant mass is atte~~ating at rates sufficient to be proteotive of h"man
health end the environment at a compiianoe ~oint,or point of disoharge to a sensitive
environmental receptor?
Is the plume going to attenuate to concentratio~s less than risk-based corrective action guidelines
or reguiatory criteria before reaching pote~tial receptors,or a compliance point?
•
•
./
Collect Additional Site Characterization Data To Support Natural Attenuation,As Required
Detailed site characterization is necessary to doowment the potential for naturai attenuation.Review of
existing site characterization data is particularly wseful before initiating site characterization activitias.
Such review shouid allow identification of data gaps and guide the most effective placement of accitionel
data ccilec:ion points.There are two gaols duri~g the site oharacterization phase of a natural attecuation
inves:i9atioil.The first is to collect the data needed t~determins whether natural mechanisms of
cOlitaminant attenuation are oc:urring 2:rates su~c;=:.t to protect human health snd the envirorli"7',;nt.
The saconc is ;0 provide suffiCient sit;-sDecific o<:;a :c allow prediction of the future extent and cc,,:en-
traciCn of a contaminant plume thrcugh solute face anc cransport mcdellng.Because the b,;rden cf ~roof
for natural atten~ation is on the propon6~t.detail5G s:::;characterization is required to achieve these goals
and tc $UPPCiL this remedial cptiOr'1.P..dB~t.:ate sits c~ara~:erL::E!tiOil in support of natural attenua~ic,~1
requires ~nat :he following site~specific i=/arametafS be cetsrmlned:
The extsnt and type of soil iSr,c g~ound·wste~:on'C;sminstlcl1.
The location and extent of contaminan;scu'ce area(s)(i.e..areas containing mobile or res'jual
NA."L).
The potential for a continuing scurce due to leaking tanks or pipeiines.
Aquifer geochemical parame,ers.
Regional ,~ydrogeology,including ground wa:a'tMt is a current or potential source of drin<l,'g
water or discharges into an ecologically sensi;ive area and regional confining units.
Local and site-specific hydrogeology,inciuding local drinking water supplies;location of incustrial,
agricuiturai,and domestic water wells;pattems of ground water use (current and future);Ii,..,ology;
site stratigraphY,including identif;catiOn of transmissive and nontransmlsslve units;grain-sice
distribution (sand versus siit versos clay);parti;ioning coeffioients;aquifer hydrauiic conductivity;
groundwater hydraUlic information;preferenti,,1 flow paths;locations and types ofsurface water
bodies;and areas of Jocal ground-water re':~ars~and dischsrge.
identifrcation of potential exposure pathways and receptors.
The foiiowing sections describe the methodologies t~at shOuid be implemented to allow successful s,te
cnaracterization in support of natural attenuatio~.Adcitional information can be obtained from
'Medemeier at al.(1,37).
..
Soil Characterization
To adequately define the subsurface hydrogeologic system and to determine the amount and three-
dimensional distribution of contaminant mass t~at c"n ast as a continuing source of ground-water
contamination,extensive soil Characterization must be completed.Soil characterization may have been
completed during previous remediai investigation activities.The results of soiis characterization will be
used as input into a solute fate-and-transport mocel to help define a contaminant source term and to
support the natural attenuation investigation.
The analytical protocol to be used for soil,aquifer m,,,fix and soil gas sample analysis is presented in
Table 1A.and lS.The analytical methods includes all of the parameters necessary to document netural
attenuation,including the effects of sorption and biodegradation.Knowledge of the location, distribution,
concentration,and total mass of contaminants of reguiatory concern in soils or present as residual andlor
mobiie NAPL is required to calculate the mass lrar:s;er rate from the contaminant SoUrCe to the ground
water.Knowledge of the TOC content of the aquifer matrix is important for sorption and solute-retardation
calculations.TOC samples should be collected frcm a background location in the s;ratigraphic horizon(s)
where most contaminant tmnsport is expeoted to occur,Oxygen and carbon dioxide measurements of
scil gas can be used to .find areas in the unsatura:ed zone where biodegradation is ccourring.Knowledge
of the distribution of contaminants in soil gas Can be used as a cost-effective way tC estimate the extent of
soil volatile organic oompound contamination.
Groundwater Characterization
•
To adec;uate!y determine the amount and thres..ci~er"!5jona!distribution of dissolved contsmlnaticrl and to
co"cumsr.t the occurrence of natural attenuaticti,G:":t.mt-water samples ml.!S~be collected anc analyzed.
Bicdegradation of organic compc:.Jnds~whether na;::.:rai or anthropogenic,brings about measurablE:
ciJanges in the chemistry of grc!.J!"lC w~ter in the sF;,::;':'area.By measuring these c,~anges,.""
dcc:..JmentEit:on and quantitative evaluation cf riatwiai ar:er:uatioil's importance at a site c::re possible.
Grour:dwEtsr ssmolinc is concwc:sc to detsrmir;e ~~s c::J;1:entiatioJis and disttibution of conti;1r.lim=~~s,
daughter produc:s"1 al"1'"'d ground~wa!sr geochemicaj ~ara:"rieters.The analyticai Pi::ltocol fer grounc-wetar
ssmpie ar;~jysjs is presented in Ta~le 1A.aile i 3.-:""he alialyticaf protocol ir'lc~l.!des all af the paral7lstB:s
necessel'j to document liatural aterluation,iriclwc";;--:;:he effsc:s of sorption ar:d bicdBgrE!.cation.D~ts.
ob~2irtec fiom the analysis of ground water for these anaJytes is used to scientifically document naturai
attenuation and can be used as input Into a solute fste~ar1d·transportmodel.The following paragraphs
describe each ground-water anaiytical parameter a,,,,,the use of each analyte in the natural attenuation
demonstiation.
I
Volatiie organic compound analysis (by Method SWS260a)is used to determine the types,concentrations,
and distributions of contaminants and daughter products in the aquifer.Figure 1 (44)is included in the
text for illustrative purposes.DO is the electron acoeptor most thermodynamically favored by microbes for
the biodegredation of organic carbon,Whether nar"ral or anthropogenic.Reductive dechlorination will not
occur,however,if DO concentrations are above aproxir.Jateiy 0.5 milligrams.per liter.During aerobic
biodegradation of a SUbstrate,DO concentrations cacrease bacause Of the microbial oxygen damand.
After DO depletion,anaerobic microbes will use nitrate containing compounds as an electron acceptor,
followed by iron(lll)containing compounds,then sulfate containing compounds,and finaily carbon dicxide
(methanogenesis).Each sequential reaction drives the oxidation-reduction potential ofthe ground water
further toward conditions that favor reductive dechlorination.The oxidation-reduction potential range of
su'faie reduction and methanogenesis is optimai,b~t reductive dechlorination may OCCur under nitrate--
and ircn(III)-reducing conditions as well.Secause reductive dechlorination works best in the suifaie
recuction and methanogenesis oxidation-reduction potential range,competitive exclusion between micro~
bial sulfate reducers,methanogens,and reductive ':echlcrinators can occur..
After DO has been depleted in th~area of the plur.,e where chlorinated aliphatic ccmpounds are being
~~:!/~7(1 ~.d:pm)C:\OFFICE\Ir'\I?VVlN\WPDOCS\NA'l'A':"'i5NI.R.EI;)10N4,"'"""'D,ver.;iO""~.~•
•
•
..-._--~~._-~~~.
anaerobically remediated (treatment zone),nitrata-:ontaining compounds may be used as an eiectron
accaptor for anaerobic biodegradation via danitrinca,ion,In some cases iron(III)-.eontaining compounds
are used as an electron acceptors during anaerobic biodegradation of electron doners,During this
process,iron(lll)is reduced to the more soluble ircn(li).lron(ll)concentrations can thus be used as an
indicator of anaerobic degrada;ion offuel compo~,c~s,After DO,nitrete,"no oioave,iab,e iron(lll)heve
been depleted in the area of the plume where chlcrlnated aliphatic co'mpounds ara being anaerobically
remediated,sulfate-containing compounds may be ~sed as an electron accep;or fer anaerobic
biodegradaticn.This process is termed sulfate r"::,,ction and results in the pr~duc,ion of sulfide-
containing compounds.During methanogenesis (an anaerobic biodegradation process),carbon dioxide
(or aCBtate)-containilig comocunds are wsed as Sri sisctron acceptors.and methane is-produced.
Methanogenesis generally cc:urs "iter cxygen,nlcra,es,bioavailable iron(III)5,and sUlfa[~s have bean
depleted in the treatment zone.The presence of methane in ground watar is indicative of strongly
reducing conditions,Bec"use methane is not present in fu"i,the presence of methane in grcund water
above background concentratjons 1n c~ntact with f~e!s is indicative of mic;,obi2i degradation of fuel
hydrocarbons,
The total alkalinity of a groune-water system is incica,ive of a water's capacity to neutralize acid,
Alkalinity results from the prasence of hvoroxides,carbonates,and bicarbonEtiOs cf iOlements such as
calcium,magnesium,sodium,potEssium,or ammonia,Alkalinity is important in the maintenance of
ground-water pH because Ie buffers the ground-wa;er system against acids genarEted during b-9th aerobic
and anaerobic biodegracation.
In general,areas contamina:ad by fUel hycrocarbor,s exhibit a tot.:i alkalinity t,'1at Is higher than that seen
in background areas.This is exqectBd because ~he .-:-dc:"obialiy mediated reac:;or"lS causing
biocegr.::caticn of fuel hyc;-cca;-::,ons CSLJse an inc:-SE:se:in the totai alkalinity Iii tie system.Changes in
alk2!irli~/sre most pronouncec dwring :aer-obic res::~,r~:i':l!:,de:1itrificaticn,iron rejuc:ion,sile sulfate
reduction,anc are less prcnccoced curing methancg,,:,es;s ("0).in addition,'Miley et "i.(41)Show that
shcrt-dH:!in aliphatic acid ior.s i=i10duced curing bicce;-.""acation of fuel hydrocsr:ons can contribute to
",Ikalinity In ground water.
111E:cxidstior'l"i'6Cuctior'l ;:creiitial of ground water is a measure of eiectron activity and an indicator of the
r~Jc:tive t'E:ricenC'1 of a SC\'..:~;O!l tc accs~t or transfer ei:=:ctrons,Redox reac~jons in ground water containing
orgEnic ccmpounds (na,ural or an,nropogenlc)are "sually biologically m"diarec;therefcre,the oxldation-
reduction pote1"'ltial of a groUr.Cr'·Nster s'/stem dep:s;,cs C:i and i,nfJusnc;$rates of biodegradation.
Knowledge of the oxidatioll-reduc:iorl pctentJal of gr':;;l.lr:C water aiso is importar:t becausE:some biological
processes operate only within a prescribed range 0;redox conditions,The oxicatlon-reduction potential of
ground water generally ranges from -400 to 800 milli'/oits (mV).Figure 6 shOws the typical redox
conoitlons for ground water when different electron acoeptors are used.
Oxidation·reduotlon potentiai CEn be used to proVide real-time data on the location of tM contaminant
piume,especially in Er"as unoergoing Enaercbic biocegradation.Mapping the oxidation-reduction
potential of the ground water whiie in the field helps the field scientist to determine the approximate
iocation of the contaminant plume.To perform this task,it is important to Mve Et I"as;one redox
meas~rement (prefer"bly more)from a weillocatec ~pgradlentfrom th"plume,Oxidation-reduction
potential measurements Should be taken during we'l .ourging and immediately before and after sampie
acqUisition using E direct-reading meter.Eecause m~st well purging tachniques can allow aaration of
c~lIe~ted grcund-water samples (which :ao affect cXication-reduction potential measurem"ntsj,it is ~
imoortant to minimi::e potential aeration,
Dissolved hydrogen (ga:;)concectratlons can be used to dat"rmine the dominant terminal electron-
accepting process in an aquifer.Table 4 and Figure 5 are presant"d to respectively present the range of
hydroger,concentrations for a given terminal electron-ac~apting process and the hierarchical schema for
ciagnosing the terminal electrcn-acceptlng process.Much research h.:s been done On the topic of using
hydrogao measurements to delineate terminal eI6ctr~n-Eccepting precesses (42,44),Because th"
efficiency of reductive dechionnation difiers for metr.ac,cgenic,sulfate-reducing,iron(III)-raducing,or
·,'~~--~~..,.,-...............-_.---...~~~-~~._-~~
denitrifying conditions,it is helpfui tc have hydrogen concentrations to help delineate redox ccnditions •
when evaluating the potentiai for natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes in ground-water systems.
Collection and analysis of ground-wster samples for dissolved hydrogen content is not yet commonplace
or standardized.
Table 4,Range of Hydrogen Concentrations for a Given Terminal Electron-Accepting Process
Terminal Electron-
Acceotino Process
Denitriiication
Iron(lll)reduction
SUlfate reduction
Methanogenesis
Hydrogen Concentration
Inanomoles oer liter)
'"0.1
0.2 to 0.8
1 to 4
Because the pH,temperature,and conduc,lvity of 2 ground-water sample can change significantly shortly
following sample acqUisition,t1ese parameters m:.:st ~e measured in the field in unfiltered,unplese~ed,
"f:-esh"water col/ected by tne same te~hnique as te,e samples taken for DO and ro;;dox analyses.The
meaSL.:i"ements should be msde in a c:sari glass c~r:::::iner separate fralJl those iriteiiced fer laboratory
analysis,and the measured v21ues sr1culd be ro;;ccr::e<::in the ground-water sampling record.
T("'le p~of ground wE;ter has ail effe-~cr:the pres;i',ce and activity o'r microbial populations jn the ground
waLei.This is especially true for ri1eth:Ei'!cge:1s.M::::-obes capable of degrading c,'iarinatec aliphatIC
hydrccarbons and petroleum hydrocarbon oompo~nds generally prefer pH values varying frem 8 to 8 ."
stenoard units.Ground-water tempe'a,uro;;clrectly eTt'o;;cts the solubility of oxygen and othe'geoc;,emical
species.The solubility of 00 is ter;;pe~atwrs dSPS:;::$;ltj being more soluble in celd water than in warm
'Nata:.Ground~wster temperature also ai7scts the :'I.s:abolic activity of bacteria.R,E;~es of hydrocarbon
biodegradalion roughiy doubie for every 1aCc incesase in tempereture ("0"10 rule)over the temperature
ra;nge betvveen SoC and 25°C,Grcur.d-wa:ter temp;;;:;:ures less than about suC terHj to inhibit
bicde£~acation,and .slow rates of bicdegracatioli alie ;enerally observed in such WE:ters.
Conductivity is a meesure of the ability of a solutio~to conduct electricity,The conductivity ci gro~nd
weter is directly related to the concentration of icns il<solution;conductivity increases as ian concentration
increases.Conductivity measuro;;ments are used to e~sure that ground water samples collected 2t a site
are representative ofthe water in the seturated zane containing the dissolved contamination.If the
conductivities of samples tako;;n from diffo;;rent serr.pllng points are radically different,the waters may be
from different hydrogeologic zones.
I
Eieme~tal chlorine is the mast abundant ofthe heicgens.Although chlorine oan occur in oxidation states
eanging frem CI"to CI·?,the chlorid";form (C -)is tho;;only form of major significance in natural waters (45).
Chloride forms ian pairs or complexations with some ci the cations present in natural waters,but these
complexes are not strong enough to be cf slgniflc2ncs in the chemistry of fro;;sh weter (45).Chloride ions
generally do not ento;;r into oxidation-reduction reactions,form no important solute ccmplexes with other
Ions uniess the chloride conco;;ntration is extremely high,do not form salts of low solubility,are not
signiiicantly adsorbed on mineral surfaces,and play few vital biocho;;mical roles (45).Thus,physical
processes control the migration of chloride ions in th"subsurface,and Chloride is an effective
can5*r\!ative tracer of ground-water contaminant plume migration.
During biodegradation of chlorineted hydrocarbons ::issolv,,;d In ground water,chloride is 10;;Ieased Into the·
ground water.This process results in chloride concentrations in the ground water cf the contaminant
plume that are elevated relative to background concentrations.Because of the nonr,,;ective behavior of •
•
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•
;
chloride,it can be used as a conservative trecer ,0 estimate biodegradation rates using r:1ethods similar to
those discussed by Wiedemeier et al.(36),
Field Measurement of Aquifer Hydraulic Param=ters
The properties of an aquifer that have the greates:'.-:-:~act on contaminant fate alid tran$~ort induce
hydrauilc conductivity,hydraulic gradient,effective ccrcsity,and dlspersivity,Estima,lng hydraulic
conductivity and gradient in the field is fairly strai,,:cc'c;ward,but obtaining field-scale informatlo~on
affective porosity and dispersivity can be difficult.
Therefor""most investigators rely on field date fa,i','!::rsulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient and On
literature values for effective porosity and disperslv':y for the types of sediments present at the site.
Methods for field measurement of aquifer hydraUliC .carameters are described by VViedemeier et al.(1,
37).Additional sourcas of information Is found in G·:~ndwater (Freeze &Cherry,1979),AODlied
Hvdrooeoioov (Fetter,1988),and Cont'r:1inant f"/::;"':eclooy (Fetter,1993),
Microbioiogical Laboratory Data
Microcosm studies are used to show that the mic~cor;:snisms necessary for biodegradation are present
and ;0 help quantify rates of biodegradation,If pree;;:y designed,implemented,and intencretec,
micrccosCl studies can proviae very convincing cccc:,.,-,entation of the occurrence of biodegradatic~,The
most commcn technique used to show exolicitly t~a:ccicroorganisms c<lpable of degrading conteminants
present at a site is the microcosm study,The res~its of a well-deSigned microcosm study will be essy for
de~:sion-makerswith nontechnical backgrounds tc ir-::erpret.Results of such studies are stror"lgiy
influBr:ce:t by the nature of the geologicai ;J'lateria:s·...;j:71itted for study,the physical prCDerties of~hB
mic;-c:8S.Il1 tile samoling s~retegy,and the dur~t::-:"":J~e stwcy.8ecause micrccosr",j s:J:jies ;:;~·e time-
cor:s~:-;-'Iir.s arid expensiv;,they should be UrJdE::S~S:~only at sites where there :s cjnsice;~ble
L.mcs;.si~ry c:::mcerning ttl;biodegracBrioli cf cc~~:s~.,~a;.:s,
8iocs~~s':::/i;ticlirate constants determined :y mic~,::::$mstudies eften are much greater than rcnes
a~:ci6V;~in ,he field.Microcosms are mos,apprec:-'a:=es indicators of the potential for natural
biocec;;c,ation and to prove that iosses are bioic~ica:.'Jut it may be inappropriate to usa them to generate
ra~~cOJ"!S'lants.The preferable method of ciJntaiiiiIiEL'""';:::,iodegradatJon rate-constant determination is in
situ field ;"nsasurement.The collection of ;';"'Iatenal,i'~;-::---.E:microcosm study,the procedures used to set up
and analyza the microcosm,snd the interpretstion c:;,:"s results of the microcosm study are p,-es;nted by
VVi~der."'r~ieret al.(1).
Refine the Conceptual Model,Complete PremodeJing Calculations,and Document
Indicators of Biological Degradation
Sits investigation data shouid first be used to refine :~,6 conceptual model and quantify ground-water fiow,
sorption,dilution,and biodegradation,The resuits cf ::-,ese calculations are used to scientifically
document the occurrence and rates of natural atte,1~,,:'on and to help simulete natural attenuation over
time.8ecause the burden of proof is on the propcnec,;,all avsilsbie data must be integrated in such a way
tr,at the evidence is SUfficient to support the concl~sic.',hat natural attenuation is occurring,
Conceptual Model Refinement
CO;1ce::;tual model refinement involves integreting ,,='Niy gathered site charact.orization data to refir,e the
pralinni~aryco"ceptual model that wes developed ~a~=::on previousiy existing site-spacific dets,During
cOi<Cep;ual modei refinement,all avaiJa~le site-sp;c'·c ::ala should be integrated to develop an acc~rate
thre;-dimensional representation of the hydrogeolc:;,,'c and contaminent trensport system.This
conceptual model can then be used for contamina,,:;.:e-and-transport modeling.Conceptual mccel
re~nel"entconSists of several steps,including preoa,,,::on of geoiogic logs,hydrogeologic sections.
._.._....~--_.-~-
potentiometric surface/Water tabie maps,contaminant contour (isopleth)maps,and electron acceptor and •
metabolic byproduct contour (isopleth)maps.Ref!~ement of the conceptual model is described by
Wiedemeier et al.(1).
Premodeling Calculations
Several calculations must be made prior to implemen.ation of the soiute fate-and-transport model.These
calculations include sorption and retardation calculations,NAPL water-partitioning calculations,greucd-
water fiow velocity calculations,and biodegradation rate-constant calcuiatiocs.Each of these calculations
is discussed In the following sactions.Most of the specifics of each calculation are presanted in the fuei
hydrocarbon natural attenuation technical protocol by Wiedemeier et 0'1.(1),and all will be presented in the
protocol incorporating chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon attenuation (37).
8iodegradation Rate Constant Calculations
.,
Biodegradation rate constants are necessary to simUlate accurately the fate and transport of contaminants
dissoived in ground water.In many cases,biodegraeation of contaminants can be approximated using
first-order kinetics.To calcuiate first-order biode;raeation rate constants,the apparent degradation rate
must be normalized for the effects of dilution <ind volatilization.Two methods for determining first--order
rate constants <ire described by Wiedemeier et al.(25).One method invOlves the use of a bio1cgically
recalcitrant compound found in the dissolved comaminant piume that Can be used as a conservative
tracer.The other method,proposed by Suscheck E~C Alcantar (47)iriv.olves interpretation of a steedy-
state contaminant piume and is based on the one-ci".,ensional steady-state anaiytical solution to the
advection-cispersion equation presented by Sear ("-2).The first-order bioeegradation rate constants for
c;,Jorinstec aliph~tjc hydrocarbons are also press;:tec:(J.Wilson et aL,Dallas Symposium Notes).
Simulate Natural Attenuation Using Soiute Fate-and-Transport Models
SimuJatillg n::;tural Etteilwation using a solute rote al~:tl~Ensportmode!allows prediction of the migia!ioll
and attsnuation of the contaminant plume through ti;'7i;.Natura!attenuation modeling is is tool tha!allows
site~specific data to be l!sed to predict the fate and tiS;"lSport of sciutes under governing physical!
Chemical,and biological precesses.Hence l the res:..;its ofthe mDG5ling affort are not in themselves
SUfficient proof that natural attenuation is occurrin,;at a given site.The results of the modeling errOr(are
only as good as the original data input into the moos':therefore,e,~investment in thorough site
characterization will improve the validity of the modeling results.In some cases,straightforward analytical
models of contaminant attenuation are adequate tc ;'mulate natural attenuation.
Several well-documented and widely accepted solute fate-and-transport models are available for
simUlating the fate-and-transport of contaminants u"eer the infiuence of advection,dispersion,'sorption,
and biodegradation.The use of soiute fate-and-'.a"sport modeling in the natural attenuation investigation
is described by Wiedemeler et aL (1).
Identify Potential Receptors,and Conduct an Exposure-Pathway Analysis
After the rates of natural attenuation have been doc"",,,ented and predictions of the future extent and
concentratiocs of the contaminant plume have bee~made using the apprcpriate solute fate-and-transport
model,the case for natural attenuation should combine all available dara and information to present the
basis for using this as a remedial option.Supporti,,;the natural attenuation option generally will invoive
performing a receptor exposure~pathwayanaiysis.This anaiysis includes identifying potential human and
ecological receptors and points of ~xposure under c""ent and future land and groucd·water use
scenarios and the 9 criteria in the Feasibility Study.The results of solute fate-and·tr-ansport modeling are
central to the exposure pathways analysis.If conservative model input parameters are used,the solute
fate-and-transport model shouid give conservative estimates of contaminant plume migration.From this
information,the potential for impacts on human hea"h and the environment from contamination present at
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the site can be estimated.
Evaluate Source Control
Source removal,treatment or containment will be ~ec:=ssary to reduce plume expansion,Sever,,1
tec,'1r.ologies suitable for source reduction or remcval are listed in Figure 2,Other technologies may also
be used as dictated by site conditions and local reg'.;ia<ary requirements,Source removal can be very
effective at limiting plume migration and decreasing the remediation time frame,especially at sites where
biodegr5dation is contributing to natural attenuation of a dlsso[ved contaminant plume.
Prepare a Long-Term Monitoring Plan
Experience at 40 Air Force sites contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons using the protocol presented by
VVieder,leier et al.(1)suggests that many fuel hydrocarbon plumes are relatively stable or are moving very
slowly with respect to ground-water fiow.Thesa exar;",oles demonstrate the efficacy of long-term
monitoring to track plume migration and to v51idare c',,,,fine modeling results.There is not a large enough
database aveilable at this time to assess the stabiiiry 0'chlorinated solvent plumes,but in the authors'
experlio,oce chlorinated solvent plumes are likely to rT,igrate further downgredient than fuel hydrOC<'rbon
piumes before reaching steady-state equiiibrium or before reoeding.
The iong-term monitoring plan consists of locating g,ound-water monitoring wells and develcping a
gro(md-water sampling and analysis strategy,This ~ien is used to mo"nitor plume migration over time and
to v,srif"y that natural attenuation Is occurring at rates si.1ffldent to protect'potential downgradieilt receptors.
The IGiI;-~erm monitoring pian should be develope'::':~5ed on site cnaracterizEtion d2ta,tl"ie results of
solw;~;:0:;and transport modeling,:one tr,e results:;;::".e exposure pathway analysis,
~hs IC~:;-Le:~monitoring pian includes rr;onltoring ':/;~!5 for long-term monitoring thst ~re irn;:1ce·::0
ce:e:,~::'".e whether the behavior of the piume is c~.a:"".;:,i;;for monitoring additIonal plume grcwth a;i::;
cOliia:;";r,am distributJon .and to trigger ar~aetior,t::;~a;:a~e the risk associated with such exp:::nsicm.
~i9:'.jo'''es .::.;,and 48 depict schematics fer potential :::;,~~slmance evaluation wells.The final numcsr and
:Iacer,".=:::c1long~terrn monitoring and perfOrma!lCB 5"-/aluatlon wells is determined thrcwgh regulatory
...-=qwite."':"".~r-::s and may c~ange as CClicitions E:;~the 5::=::'~1I5Ilge.Locations of long-term mor:itorill;wells
cE:;";ca;$~C on Lhe behavior of the plume as reveale::::""':;-;llIg the initial site characterization and 01"',
raguJat';,j'cor,sideratiors.
Th;'es:;its cf a SOlute fate-and-transport model c::r,::used to help locate the long-term monitoring wells,
To provice a valid monitoring system,all monitoring we!is must be screened in the same hydrogeologip
unit as ,",e contaminant plume,This generally req:;!res cetailed stratigraphic correlation.To facilitate
accurat"stratigraphic correlation,detailed visual d:s:riptions of all subsurface materi51s encountered
curing borehole drilling should be prepared prior tc monitoring-well installation.
A grounc-water sampling and analysis plan is requir:::In conjunction with long-tenm monitoring well
piaceme.,t.For long-tenm monitoring,groundwate-ar,aiyses should inclUde volatile organic comDounds,
CO,nl,:a,es,iron(ll)s,sulfa,es,metais and methane,Fcr wells known to be considersbly downgradient.
groundwater analyses should be limited to determinin;;volatile organic compounds,metals,and DO
concec,:~t;cns,Any site-specific analytical require."1',::",:s also should be addressed in the s"r:1pllng and
a.-,siys"olar tc ensure that all data required for reg:;;a:orj decision-making are collected.Ws,er level and
~,;y NA?~thickness measurements must be made ::':;,i';9 each sampling event.Except at sit:=s with very
low hycraulic conductivity and gradients,bi-monthly saC71pllng of long-term monitoring wells is
recomm"nded during the first year to help determine t;,e direction of plume migration and to det~rmine
baseline data,Monthly precipitation data should also be collected from the nearest Weather Service
C;nter.S?,sed on the results ~f the first year's sarT,cli,~g,the sampling frequenoy may be reduced tc
a~nual sar:1pling in the qusrter showing the greatest extent of the plume.Long-tenm sampling freauency
c"pe~ds on the final placem:=nt of the point·of-comC)··a:,,:e monit~ring wells and ground-wster flew ve!ccity
ano ot,'1eo reguiatory considerations made during ris'<,,-,anagement decision making.
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I
Present Findings and Obtain Consensus for Remediation by Natural Attenuation
A natural attenuation remedial alternative will be evaluated using the nine criteria used to evaluate other
remedial alternatives_All available site~specific cata and information developed during the site
characterization,conceptual model development,premodeling calculations,biodegradation rate
calculation,ground~water modeling,model documentation,and long-temn monitoring pian preparation
phases of the natural attenuation investigation should be presented in a consistent and complementary
manner during the Feasibility Study (FS)I Corrective Measures Study (CMS)process.Evidence that
natural aftenuation is occurring at rates sufficient to meet regUlatory requirements.and "to protect human
health and the environment will be presented dUring the FS/CMS or Remedial DesignlRemedial Action
(RD/RA)or Corrective Remedial Action (eRA)stage of site work.A "weight-of-evidence"argument is
necessary to support this remedial option.For this reason,all model assumptions shOUld be conservative,
and ail available evidence in support ofnatural attenuation must be presented with regUlatory
requirements in mind_
Acknowlegements
The following Individuals have participated in the various iterations ofreview ofthis document:Curt Black,
Jim Barksdale,Paul Osborne,Rich Muza,John VViiscn,and Bill O'Steen.The Superfund/RCRA Ground
Water Forum Solvents Workgroup commems on tl'le AFCEE Protccol for Evaluation ofNatural
Attenuation ofChlorinated So/vants in Ground Water have also been valuable in the production of this
document.
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APPENDIX
Figures and Tables
.......
\
Di-hatolEfinilnation
Eiimlna,tion
figure 1:COlmnOl1 Oegfqadaliol1 r;llhways
Relluclr.'O Ooc-h'on
R."ucllvIl Doel,loll..,UCin
Re<lucthrd DochlOOnatioo
ReduelMI Oo""'o""all""
T(Jlmcl,torol)'llODO
Reduc:.U..qOechlollnilUOR
I"_'~'''''';';:_-;;;'_'';';''H '-'H'-'-~'l'~Il""I[t.~.:_~.l,
11 Tl~boeti~~11
,....····-·····T········.•'
,--......,----.-.~··-··'I
III .;~lkl"'''''''~_I~
I
R-(JduclhdOoc:lllorl.oatlon
R,eu:hlG-tlw .)o~olinat1On
RaducllwlDechlGrln.aUon
Calhan
Totmcht.Qlklo
RedllCtlvetOeehiorinallo-n
,I Ch'orolorm I
j
I 11*_1...._,-•="'m.=.",._
j
Ana-efobtc
O:<ld~\l(m
,
i-
Legend:
~bf-oUc reacUons (anaemblc condiUons)
AerobIC:mlnerallz"atlon to CO2
[:=~~J Aeroblc comB1abolism-lo CO2 In-prasl3n.cO ortoluerie
Acbpledfwm&jeed.llm>l.llool<lrI~1!!11
-.......abiollc r(lacllGns (;:ulaorobic or-oora-blc cotIdTLioils)t::=l -AarobiC tometabolis.m to'CQ~in presence of-melhane
\,
_~."25p{nlA.1fiEGlOttt.WfIi).W1I'5"k:tn'-0 •••'"t
•
~AV'".lliab~Sile ~0l.3!1d
~ve!op ?reJimu'\al'y COncl:.,fWl Mo4:;J I
Is Cm~~~I:;CI=l 10
~veio~~COtlce;JfI..:.a.I
Srt~1\.'b:;i<;i?
No
S,~~n lhe;$il~l1o;ing the
PtQC~W'1J P!"¢ilOnt~In ~tic~
~lJment
No
Figure 2;Flow Chart for Evaluating
Monitored Natural Attenuation of
Chlorinated Solvents
~Suffic;:icnl Om
AI./3iliJl;I~:0
PropcrJ:.'Sc;:rOcrl the
S/Tt:"
No
'f Yes
llU!~VcrUlCaflO1"I of.'vloni'forl::d N~
.Ar!et'lLl.\\lIOri [.!:litlg I.ol'tg-T<:rrn lvbniIoritlg
$lITll.Jaie Nl1.!ur.\\J AltefllJ.:ltlQn [..gl!1\.!Soli,.m:;~:llC [I
and Trare;pol'l Mode~
It\i::i:::.e V~:tfic:Jn QfMi;1flIlOtal.
N~At!:ct'I=i;)n U:-inS
I.onfr'-Tem!l\.bmotinIi:
.-l.s~~:;Poteflli3..i ror Ivbnilor.d
:-'·'iI~,.J.trt';l~Wllh
~:nl!L,":'Sy~!~i!"-stOliJl:"o
P=-:Qrrn Sit~a~T¢t'b;;J,tiol'l.To
S~rI"Remedy O:c~io!J l'vhiarls:
Sanl.lialc ~Anetl.l!iJ,il:on
Combi;nce with RbneQial Op,ion
$~i¢::~ed Above lli:r'I!O I.onS...rcrm
~-hnflOrt'lS
Rt;f"'"1~CCmc~ru.1lM.:>dd Ollld i
Compk;:c:?r¢-1'1'lQQ¢itng Calelili..tiolU I
U;c ~Wt!:or~&llndSilc-
Specir-II::rnf~on in ~E.-qlQ.sUl'~
~.smcmf
V;).I;Uum
D~w:J.lel"~
NAP!..
R~el)ve:;,
H\'draulk;Co~~inm¢nt
No
~'o E\"~..iUt\le Ue ofSei.::/:!cd Addtr:iol"'.aI IL-:ncC.i;:ll
"'.:.:..-"~OpUcrcl Along With l'vioo1ror~~
~Ar\cnl..li!l:t:lonLI~__-_---'
t
R/:£mt:C.:Jnc;:¢:'Jl'U;;I,l h10cIej anti
C;:)mpkite ?:'c-h1OOdlJlg
GJJi;ylaIion,s
I"
Pett'Oll1l Site O=-~Clct~;on
To E,,'l,juare:\1otll'toree \:.:Irur';Jj
Att~u.jJion !
<="'<>-TI=Monitorc.a
NllfuraJ AAcrll;r..aclOn
AJoneWjlJ~!
It:~'tLl.::Itory Crll~',1
"'-"'-VyYes
L'~e ~ults of~.;:!¢!itlg iIIld Sit.:--S~d"rc
lo.ibrmatiQn in.i!,O s.po!l.lre:Pnthway~Aooly~~
ofU,tmmt Md ~uriJtePotl:11ti;nj ~J'i!tol'8;J]"1d
Compare:Tinie i"rome fOr MoMQrr:d ~
A.."T'WI'Iuarlon ~Q EtI~:n~red Ahan,wive
•
Other
•
D:;vell;lp Dt>\f!.Pbtl For P=fo~(;
J:::Y.J.lY81:ion :'vi;)niIorins:WeJJ;s.;md Long-Ttrn"l
J\.-bniroring
Pr<::;:>~!!"iodiI'Igs';md ?rQpo=r;;!iL~n.
StT:i:J.I~'Y
~~~ed~i:l.Jioll
St"llllt'gY ~Ranedi.:ltion
ctj~rr.·es:Withom Posing
L~cc:pQbIC"fijskf To
Ptll~li.-:l.!Rc!:l:Plor~?
i 2r.l3/97(1'4-:jpm)C:\OP~ICeW\IPVVlN\~OOCSWAjATTI;N\R~GtON4,VllPO:v~iol1 3.0
I
Anal~Availa~le Slte
Data IO Detem'line if
Siode'llraci;llion i5
Occ:Jrting
..".'---~~---~~~~-----_._-,---~"--~_...__._---------
Collect More .":Screening Oata.
Determine Ground·Water
FlOw and Solute
Transport ?ararnet~rs
using Sit!:!Specific Oata
Locate $wL:rce(s}
and Re~,tors
!y
No 01
Insuffio'en
Data
Engineer~d
Re~Cliat[on
Rel:ll1irad
ES;:itT',3te
Siocegri;.cation
R.ate Cor.st~ms
I
"
Ccrr:,oare the RSte:of
Tral1::ip01"'I':~Q ,he r:.alB of
AttenuatIon u5jn~Analytical
Solute Ir2nSoort Model
•
Figure 3:Flow Chart for
Initial Screening Process
J
I'f
Poes it klpearthat
Monitored J'..\atural
Attenuation None
Wil J'.Jeet
Reg:,.t!:ato'i'j Criteria?
I~
Perform Site
Characte~tior'll'1 to
Evaluate rv\anrtoied
Natural A~enuation
II?roceed tot
IIFic:ur't!1:I
12123/97(':~PIi'I)C:\O~~IC,;i~MINT'OOr:S\NATAmN\RE::C]:ION4.W?D:v9rlllon 3.0
Evaluate use of Selected
Additional Remedial
Options along Vv'ith
Monitored N:a~ural
AttenustiOn
)Proceed io Fioure i:l
..
•
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(S)(S)
r.::"I
,~"
&
o l~'~
~'--D'DNAI11,<'O;.L I &".~;oo ofG ....oJv",!'n."d W.~,Flow pm".
-----~.
o MooiLor~B8fI'.::JrOf1llllflCi!
E'o'llbflljQtl loc!llill'lI
Figure 4A:Pfan View ofGencric Schcmalic for Monitoring!Perfonn'allce evaluation
welJ loea lions
I
Nde:In UXllC iruhlllca mer",,\::I I~mn
be rajlJlrl)j;III mrul im,tBlKt:$lU:stc:d ,",db \'Ioill be n"OCasary
\,
4n~6{J:l).i:pm)A..'1REGION4 WPD;V1!I~ion 3.D "
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kigUiof'5:HierarchicalScheme rOf OJ.Jt!lWSI5-ol ._.~~~lc,d,-ol1-Ac-'CCjltrJ19 P1OCe-.sSe-S',rEAPs1
'II-klM-tol1(·~Itx.O:ll~b.~k:lo-«T~"''''.(l;'/EIo:I(t,,(~J~Pl:nce:nesInlr:tddc?:.:llf~~l1otlGrounJ.i,lIlgrS~~la7I'·Cha~",io:I.~Il..'tQII If.11Q.1,p.I.;te:~J59--371.FchUll"j 1m
.Nolt:.nrn •./'<Ir<:Jrno~i
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------~_.---
J5
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1000
500 =I=-MnO,(s).'IICq +3H +2&_MnCq (s)+2~'0
(Eh O =+52.0)
RadaK PatcnUol (£11 )
10 Mllllvnlis @ pll=1
and T~25C1 C
0,+~W +4,,-_2H,0 (El'I;+820)
•
2NO,+1211',100'_t-!,+61-1,0 (Efl =+740)
fig +4H,0
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,.-
FaOOII(s)+IICD,+2.H .'a •FoCg +2.1j 0
(Eh"=·50)
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o
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Anaerobic
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Figure 6,RedoK pnlenUal for V8l10llS alaelron accepters,
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i
Table 1A.Soil and Ground-Water Analytical Methods'
All monitoring well installation,well development,well purging,sampling,sample handling and
sample analysis where recommended will be performed in accordance with the May 1996 Region 4
ESD Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual
•(ESD EISOP-QAM available from ftp://www.epa.govlpubIr4ftplsesd)
Matrix Analysis Methodl Comments'~Data Us-!:Recommended Sample Volume,Field qrRe.r~nceb-.Frequency of Sample Contain!Fixed-SaseAn.lysis Sample Preservation Laboratory
Soil VoI.tiI,SW=A Handbook Useful for c~t~rmjnjng Each soil Samplevelume F[Xed~b.as@:
Organic method the extent of $Cil sampling round approximately 100 ml;,
Compounds modlnod for eon~amir.atiof1+the subsa,mple and ex::...ac~I
tleJd e~etion contaminant mas.s ptesent in thl!!field using
of soil ~ing and the ne-ec for source meO'lanol or appro~riate
methanol removal solvent;cool to 4~C
Soil Tc:ta!Organic SW9060.P""""'ure The amount cfTOe in the At Initial sampling Collect 100 9 of soli in •FlXed-base
.
IC>rnon modified for must be aquifer rr.~trix influences glass container with
(TOC)soil samples ac::.l1ratl!!l over contaminant migratIon and Tefton,lined oap;000110 i
tho rango of biodegl'G.ciiii:tJOil 4'C i
0.1 to 5%iTOCI
Soil Methane,O2,Fll!'ld soil gas usMul fer d~Ierm:r;ingthe At initial sampling Reusacle 3~L T!'tiar Field
Ig.s CO,anaty::...bioactivl:'y in the 'laCOS!and respiration bags
zone lo.ting
Soil F"u@!and EPA Mothod Useful f~r :et~1J:jiningthe At inttial sampling 1-L Summa ~njS:8r FIxed-base i
gas ch!o:L...·:;;:~1:!d TO -14 distli:,utic:1 :.f C."',i:;::-:ilated ._.,
volatile ~rgank::arid 9T~::;:;m~ui':::::s in I
eompoLI'iCS soil I
Water ~cr+>.:n.'cand SWS2S0A l-:andbook MethOd of anaiysjs for Each sampling Collect water :sampl~:s FIxed-ease i
c.'llcM:"I~:e<:i m~~!iod:Si=.:<an::c:-:)ci'ir:ared round in a 4C~mL volatHe•t:yctoc.a.-:ons anaiYSls may $Ofveilts/'"::'y;:r:.c:.:c~swhlC:-I organic analysis vial:i
(:37:0':),De extenced to ar~t!"le Pr.:"':"'O~'~f ~G!'"get 0001 to 4Q C;ace I
I ::;-jme~,";y1~n.:::ene iiigner analyte:s r~:,m.:.+:itohng hydrocMIQri~acid t:II
~mers,molecwlar·biologica.l :::~:-ad:;;.ticr.:pH2 I
enlcr1i18ted _ighl alkyl metliod :..2.;"";~e ~xter.ded to
e:ornoo~"cs ~ru.!:!nes higher mC:!!oC:.1iar we[ght Ialkylt:er..:e!iE!:s:
trimetnyIOer"..z~nes arB used Itomonitorplumedilutionif
d~rndgricn is ;::rimanly
anaerobic,
Wat@-(Polycy:;1iC Gas chroma-Analysis PAHs are ccmponents of As required by Collect 1 L ofwater in a FIxed-case
~omati:;;hydro-.tography needed only fuel and are typically regulations glass container.cool to'
c:arncns (PAHs)MoltlO<l IN'hen required ana~~for regw!atory 4'C
(tntend!'d for swavos;for regUlatory compliance
~~I and/or and high compliance
""'or h""vy oil$)p@rformance
liqUid
chromo-
lograP"Y
i MoltlO<l
SW8310
Water OxyGon DO met...R€:fer to Concent..--atJor:s less than 1 Each sampling Mea:sure DO on s~~Field --(Note:DO Mothod A4500 mgJI gene~lly indIcate round using a f1owthrcu;h
meter should for a anaerobic ~~th.....-ay cell,A 00 me:tl!r
be c:afibrated e:ornparnble caHbl"i!tlon Is nece-ssary
between labOratory and the nowthrou~Mcell
Ieachwellproe~ure.Should be Ob"Nod to
using the two make Sure dl:!gassing is
point ccc:,ming,if so
method)apparatus adJustm~nt
will be necE:!ssary,
/
Table lA,:Soil and Ground-Water Analytical Methods"(continued)
Matrix Atlafysh;;MethO<l/Cornrnf!!ntsl'oi Datil Use Recommended Sample VO't='net FJelO_Referll!nee:....Frequencycf Sample Contain.F",!!<l
Analysis Sample Pre~ation Labo "
Water Nitrate IC molhoc:l E-Metho<l E300 i.a SubS1n;,:e f~~mlcroeial Each sampling Collect <0 mL or """".F~d.300 Handloook Method re;s~jrat:cn if cxygen is round in a gla:s:s:Qr ~st:il:
depler:e-:ccnt;;in@r,add H:2SC~
lopH <2.k~=1
Water Iron(lI)(Fe'')COlorimetriC Filter If turbid May incjc:at~.an anaerobic Each sampfing Colleot 100 mL ormier Field
HACHMeIhod degradation ~,·ocess due to rcund in a headspaO!!free
8146 di:!pleticn of =rygen,nitrate,container to elii."lir:ate
and marls~n@$e inrroduction of 0XYS'~
and analyze as soon as
poss;oje
Water Sulfate Ion Method E300 i.a Sucst;ate fer anaerobic Each sampling Collect up to 40 rt.!.of F""txed-base
(SO,')Chromotograpy Hendbwk miOto::ial tes~iration rcund water in a glass or
Method E300 or method:do not plastio eon~jnl!!:r:C:l01
HACH Metl'>od use the field to 4'C
8051 method if tlil$
motnod I.usod.,
Wa[(!{Sulfate HACH Metl'>od HACH M.thod sucstrate for anaerObic Each sampling Calleot up to 4C ml of ">Old(SO;')8051 B051 is a miciOblai :"es~iJ""2tiOli round water in a9.!ess or
cOlorcmetric:~la$tic eontain@;,cocl
method,use one to 4'C
or the other
consistently
Water I Methane.I<>mpbell e!al.MethOd pubfisiled The pre-se!"'O;:e c~CM~~eoh samplins Collect water s,arr.::ie:!i F~~-C2~
I et",ane i;,nc ,SSE (:)5)or by EPA sw;ses:s ::::ioC~ii!daticn of round irl SO :'ilL glGss ~f'~::"1
ethene 5W3810.rese:archl!!rs.organic e<:!J-::C:O via bottles 1Nit!':OL')1
tnodified Lim~ed to rew methaio~e~.s:s:eth2nB and graylie'!1on-liiled ea:;:s;•c::::mmerc:iallabs.@thene a.r~~+odUCed curing add HlSO"to pH .e;:;;
reductive de-;:~:cMilaticni!lnd COc/to 4'C Ithedatais~$e::W'here
chlcrir::;;;,te-=sc:',1ents are
suspecte-=c~'.,:jloergoing
biclc:gicai ~~r"ls~~rrnatjon.
Water Alkaiiniry HACH al~nity P!lenolphthalelf1 Water q'!.-ra:rty ~arameter Eeon sampling Colloe:100 mL orW<'''F>eid
test kit Model MethOd Usee (1 )to :'j"lsaSure the round in gtlilss eontaiMf
Al A?MG-\.cUffering "",e,"",of ground
Yo'ater:(2)as iI.."'i'iarl<er to
verify that ail s;te samp/8$
ar@ ob:'i:ain~f:'"c:T'l the same
9'rounc:wat~r system
Water Oxida.tion-A2SSOB Measurements The:oxlcation..,eduC'tion ~.oh sampling Colloe:100 to 250 ml F>e!<:l
redl.i~jon made With potantJii1;1 of ground water round orwater In a ;~ss
potentJaJ electrOdes;results lnflu@nces an:is intluem:ed ~ntain@rr fUlling
ate displayed on a by the nat:";.8 cf the container from bettOfi'.;
meter,proted:biolOgically me<::Jated ana/)'Ze immeciateiy
samples from degracatier-,of
exposure to contamir.ar.ts:!h@
exygen:report OxidatJon..,.-e=':.:::t:cn potential
results against a of ground ........-ater may range ,
:silv@r/silver from more t~,ar:sao tnV to
chloride reference <-400 mV
electrode
Wate.r pH Field probe:with Field A@robic ar:~~;.a~roQil:E.ach sampling Collect 100 to 250 ml.Field
direct 'eading processes are ;,i-!sensitive round ofwater in a glass Oi
meter plastic container
anaty:e immedi;;~e1y
Water 7em~~t;"lre Field probe with Field only Wi:!/l O@\/t!!c::."';"le:it Each sampling not applicable F"~ld •directr~a~round.met~r
,1
"
Table 1A.:Soil and Ground-Water Analytical Methods'(oontinued)
Analysis Method!CO<T1meflts"Data Use Ree~Sample V~ume,Field or
Reference~Frequency of Sample Contain,Fixed...a.ast!
Analy.i.Sample Preservation Laborat0'Y
Water C::mduc:ivity ~120.11 F'rotocolsl Wai$!"a;.:~:,'iyparameter Each sampling Ccllect 100 to 2SO mL Field
SW9050 direct Handbook usee as a ",arker to verity round of water In aglass or
ri:!ading meter Method5 that the sam~lesare plastic c.ontalner
ot:tair.~:T=m the same
gl'oun~:~;system
Water .V..ajor SW501 0 Prctoeols/Can be I..:S~:o evaluate ~.cM sampiinS Collod '00 to 250 ml F'ield
Cations Handbook othe~rem~;a!actions round of'r'o'2ter in a glass or
Methoos plastic container
Water Chloride Ie MetMOd Method SW90S0 General WGlter qulaity ~ach sampling COllect 250 ml or water Fj)(~-base
E300 may also be used parameter ;..:$I!'d as a marker round in a glass container
to verify that site samples
ar@'O'htain~trom the samll!!,
groun¢Nater syStem.Final
product of c.:'lcrinat~I
sclverlt ree::....::::Jon.I
Water Chloride HaOh Chloride Silver N~te As abc'/e.a:+d to guide E.cM Samplins Collect 100 ml of water Field ,
(o~tionaJ,see test kit:titJ<3.r:iol"l seledino of aoditlonal data round in I!glass c5iitainer
.:=.ata use)MOd.1 S-P points in real time while in
the fieid
WcHe:r 'i"otal SW9060 LaiXll1Hory Us~t:::c:;;;s:sify plume and Each sam~tirt9 CoHe-::100 rnl..of water ~bOr'a:tDry
CrGanic :0 d@~!!!:"':"';jJ~e :f round in a !;iiass eontainer,
"",rt>on ':-OmE!!::abcil,si:";is possible in =1
t,'i:!aOSe!'"'.Ce :;:f
'-ar:tJ"ir.o=:::xJSs:r:!c can:,on
.•Iyses other thEn those listed In thiS table may be requlrec for e...aluetion of blologloal degradation processes.
,"SIN'refgrs to the Test methods fer E'laluating Selid Waste,Phyo,'c:ai,and chemical Method::(29)
,"E"refers to Methods for Chemical Analysis ofWater and W"stes (30).
'"HACH"refa,s to the Haoh Company catalog (31).
•"A"refem to Standard MethOds for the Examinantion of Water enc wastewater (32).
,"Hanabock"refers to the AFCEE Handbook to Support the installation Restoration ProgralTrAnalytical Protocols (34),
,"Protccols"refers to the AFCEE
NOTE:All monitoring well installation,well development,well purging;sampling,sample handling
and sample analysis where recommended will be performed in accordance with the May 1996
Region 4 ESO Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance
Manual (ESD EISOP·QAM)
•
Table 1S:Soil and Ground-Water Analytical Protocol:Special Analyses Under Development and/or Considerdation".•MatriA Analysis Metho<ll Comments'"Data Use:ReoOlTrnOnded Sample Volume,I ,
Fi~Jd orReferenceb-lo Frequency of Sample Contain.Fixed-Base
An.lysis Sample P......rv.ti<H1 Lab<m'tory
Soil 3iologicqUy Under Hel e:4raclion Oplion,1 method that .hould One sampling Coiled minimum 14lch Laboratory
2va.ilal:lJe development followed by be used'when fule round or as d"12l'i'leter cere samples
ifon(lll)C1uantltieaticn of hydroo:artlon.or vinyl di:!termined by Into a plasticllner,cap
released iron(lII)chloride arepresent inthe :sit!!'conditions and "",,,en!aeretion
groundvolater to predict the
possible extent of removal
of lUI.hycrooart>ons and
vinyl chlQric:e via iren
reeluctlon.
Water Hydrogen Equilibration Specialized To determine terminal At least one samprln'Jal well head Field
(HZ)with gas in the analysis electron ,coopting proces.:sampling round requires the production
neld;predlc'.s the possibility for or as determined cf 100 mL per mit'\ut~of
I
determined wfth reductive d~hlortnatlon by site conditions water for 30 minutes
a reducing gas
detector
Water i N;"rtrtticnal Under SpeClrO-To determine the extentof One I'O!JIiC of Coiled:1ceo mL.in an II..aberaloryIq:.:aiiry of develOprne:it phctometric redLlctive C!t:!o::!'llerinstien sampling arnCef g12S5
In~ti\fe metnod allowed by the .upply of
c:-~ar'!ic electtcn donor Imatter
Water I Cxy~er:ate5 SWS260/00151 Laboratc/y Contaminant or @jeetrcn At least one Coiled:Lofwater in a Llbor;U.¢ry
(ll'"l!:lud:r.1;doners f::r decl'1lorinaticli of sampling l'tiund glass eontainer,.1",ethl'-tort.solVents or as determined preserve ~HCI
:::.."='0 ~!Mr,by regulators
ethers,acetic
I
;;:c:c:.
rnstMr:ol,
ar:d ac~;cli~)
•analyses other than those listed in this table may be required for regulatory complianoa
•Srte c""rao:erization should not be delayed if these methods are unavailable
,"SW-rsfers to the Test methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Pl7ysical,and chemical Methods (29)
NOTE:EPA Region 4 is currently working on preparing a Protocol for sampling and analysis of
certain field parameters for which their are no Standardized SOP's
•
~"~~:':I4pmJA;~eGION4,WPO:~l'3ion 3.0
/
Table 2:Analytical Parameters and Weighting for Preliminary Screening
.--"--,._---'._-
An.lyle Concentration in Most Interpretation Points Awarded
Contaminated zone •
Oxysen'<0.5 mg/l TOleratlM.:suppresses r~:J~~NI!!deehlcrinatlon at higher eoncentJ<!tlons 3 I
Oxygen'I>1 mgll Vlnyl chloride may Ce cxi:::::S'd aerobically.~t.rt reductive dechlorinaticn 'Nili -3 InotOC.:ur
Nitrate'-<1 mgIL IAI higher concentmicc.s m.y ccrnpete v.ith reductive p.thwayat higher 2
concentrations -
Iroo (II)'>1 mgll R@dt,lctive pathway poss;cle:vinyl chloride may be oxidized underFe(lIl}-3
r~ucing concitions
Sulfate-<20 mgll At highe!f CMCentrations may compete with reductive pathway 2
Sutfide I >1 mgll Reductive pathway pcs.sitll!I3
~alle-I <0.5 mgll viny1 Chloride Qxid4~a
Mett',an@'I ~0.5 mglL Ultimate re!oductive d~!..:;h~@!'"~:"Odwot,vinyl chloride accumUlates I 3
OJOdation reduetlon I-<50mV Redt.ictive oathway p¢Ssj~~e +;x(efltj~l·(CR?)<-100 mV Reductive pathway iiko;!y 2
pH-I::~pH <:9 IOptimal range for re..::i:...1::-:t've ::~:,l.......-ay Ia I5;.pH~9 Outside oc~ii<iai:o!r::;e ~c;-r%~::tive palh\"\l"GlY -2
TOC (tl:taJ cr;'aIlic I >:0 mgll ICarbo",enc energy SO'",,':"""es cochlconetion;can be natural or I2 IIcarbon),anthrc~gei1:::
T,::.:;-e i ;....,.,c,...I At 7 >20°C,bi~:-,s;.",i~:al ':-~:-:2SS is accelerated I 1""~f-I!..on Qio::(:deA
jo 2 tim~$i:lack;round I Ultimal!;!c;:dcalive ca~~r:t!:!t :;::roc:.:ct 1
I AJka"c'cI I :;.::::mes oackgrour.d I Results fro:";"]iiolerac:;::;,ef :.3~~'"~icxjc:e wn:M aquifer min@ral~I 1i1••1"
i CMloride'I >.2 !lmes background I Daughter ;::roo:uc~of cr;;~+.::::,":)cMn~2,
i'1ydr'°9~1l I :>1 nM Redl..:c~jve;I2tl"lway pcss::::ie;vifjy1 Chtchce may accuml.llat@'3 I
I Hydroge:"1 I "I:1 nm IVinyl c,"'!](;mde oxiciize-e a
IVol:atil~ratty a.ciCs I~O.,mgl1..Intermediates r@sultlr:;;rrcm :;'ie<:egradatlon of aromatic compounds:carbon 2 ,
and energy source
8TE,X1 I;.0,1 mgIL Carbon and energy SOurce;::l"'tves dechlorination 2
Pef'Chlorcetnenl!!Material Released a
Trichlor~theneA I Material released a
Daugnler prOduct of p"@r::~.Jc;"oet."':.ene Z'
DichloroetheneA Material rele:aSed or dawl:;ht@;"~roduet oftricMloroethene a
Daugnrer prOdWct of tr.I:Mler~~:':.e~e Z-
if amount of d$-12-eic::-:lor::~::':'e:"leis ;.ear~rthan 60%of total "dichlor~tMr'le,it is likeiy a ~<!::,:g-ht~r product of trichloroetJ"lIme;1,1~DCE
can be cnl!'mJcal reac::ion ~re<:::\.1:::of TCA
Vinyi clilork:ie-I Material rl!'ll:!~$~a
Daughl!r prOduct of dichlerQo!'!.."':ene Z'
El1'JenelEU"J2ne I~Q..01 mgJL Daughterprodwct ofvtnyt el'ijCr';~e.;S'th~ne 2
>0,1 mgll 3
?k-••oe I Daugt'lter produ;t of tric:"'do:,oet~.e:"ll!2
-..>eth<H·:~·I Daughter product of vinyt e:,!c,"'ice under reducinQ'conditions 2--
,-
I
Analyte Concentration in Most Interpret..t;ion Points AwardedCQntaminatedzon~
Material Rel~sed 0
",1.1·Tnc.'i\ot(;lethane"
Chloroform Matonal Roleased 0
Daughter product of Call1On Tetrachloride 2
Carbon Tetr.el:cMlonde Matorial Rolea.";0
Dichlorometlian@ Material Released 0
Daughter product of chloroform 2
I R.~uired Analysi5
•Points awareod only If ~can be shown til.!the compound is adaughter product (1.0..not aconstituent ofthe SOUtee NAPL).
•
•
. I
•••
R€calculate This
Sheet
Paste Exampie Dataset
~~~:7""""7 .........-_··;f~
Restore Formulas for Vs,1
DispersiliWes,R,Iam bda,otl1er !&
iJ&&d&i;:;wa:::w:wk....~y;::z:;;:y.:x:::w;;:_.Jk%£J_&~
•••
1400
•!
1200
II
\
\---\
'_._----_.__.--_._(-_.._---~-~..__..._.
,----=~'-=1'___111_----
~~.i··.
1000
..__.
._--II.
ii.'
(,00 ROO
Distallcc From Source (ft)
400200
0.795 :0546 0.432 0.371;0.331 I 0302 i 0279 0261 0247_:_02:34
0.795 I 0.488 0344 0.264'0.210 0.171;0.141 0.118 0.099 i 0.084
-'--------r-·---------------,----:-i------.-----------------l ---
0.000 :0.000 0.000,0.000 I 0.000 I 0000 '0.000 0,000.0.000 i 0.000 I 0.000-----r----.------j---.-,----,---.---j-,-------+;
0.810 ,!0,230 iii 0.220 0,073 I i
sr(frti~~Jf~1~J!~11)jftnimJf~'~~roiill~"liitNlf5~t~1;§';JI!lB1V'~"'ta'1M:;;t~'@1W"~,.i'
Calculate
Animalion
o
:fio_;~:~~~~y~i£#:;~:::l~L~;,~4-_J%
IiI0,900 -1 :
0,800 I I
()700 :I \.g~600,II :__e t::l 500 -.J.
-~-II.g E 400·-----I
"~"--.-§300 --I _ ____ _i-.V 0.200 '__:I .0,100·..--...-
0.000
r'~!jI1I
•••
;{
=%
Paste Exa mple Data set
Restore Formulas for Vs,
Dispers=:R,lamb!\~~,~r~&'1
•••
0.0000.000
0.000
0.984
--------
0.145
0.000I.0.000 0000
!
00000000
0.434
0.0000.0000.000
2403
0.000
2.600
l;T--t}';,:r:,:21st OrderDecay~?~>':.,~;instanlaneous ReaeliO,);r;;:}~::ii(rNi)5eglCl(}"l!oll fw)·t'4hiiIf;Fieidbilraf,D'"/;]Slieri!
rl'3~.I.,',2.JOO !!,..""/I ../,j.f"I..i J~"k.\"..2 000 i \! -·1-;~~'i I .~I.;b~_i.'\liL,',\'~ft JOO -.\----I \--- -tk="'"-u __~';'8 000 .~---~----\----~~-l-------~~--I ---\ \
~I 0.500 ------.-------\---------+-~-~--~-------------~
t'i~.0.000li1 a 200 400 liOnf:(J .Distance From Source (ft),.
~1!1!r"-~-~"'c-··'
....,.;::::;=:;::~.->:.-.~-«:~
•••
ecalculate Th
Sheet
Paste Example Dataset
.~."o'><r~~",,,:.~.;,;.;,a.:-<-;.•,,,,-.:=:.;-;~,;.;,;.:...-;:~*,-.;-;--.~~~.-
Restore Formulas for Vs,
Dispersivi~es,R,lambda,other
~..:"
•..•
""'0-:.'
•••
Recalculate This
Sheel
'c>"=-":;':'-
Pasle Example 0 alase!
o.W~==-=Z--?-==;,.'.~-"'PF""7'"..
Restore Formulas for Vs,
Dispersivities,R,lambda,otller
:::.:-::-~-'
•••
Ir,j
w'~tWWjjji'i
fl)
0.490 0.390 0336 0.300 0.274
•i .j 1 .Tll_0~95 :_.o~253_L._0176 _!~~27 L-0093f--_~'-_--:.--f----.~:..:-+
I I I I ;0.000 .0000 i 0.000 '0.000 !0.000 •0.000'0.000 f 0.000-----\----.----+------l··------1--------j--------j
0.729 ;\i 0.240 ,!I 0.081 )U.Ul ( I
'O.800~mtf,f1ST6~f~~t~~lfgf~~la;;to~tJ?t~ciiO~~~~tB~'t1a~il<J");~ne~1~~r5"m'§i~..".)
0.700 \.:. . 'Ii.-.\,\i 1 .=~600 .\-i ...:I ....-l----l.~::3"51J1J i II;.I I
t:".I I I \=on 4..IJ{}•\;J..E .\I . .~~301J •-I :i Ii i .--.--~--i -------t ----
v.21J1J \I .I - -..1 •--i--- •
0.100 ·--~-~~I-----·--~·_l_----.--------------~----~~-----~!I-----
0.000 .,
IJ
•••
Restore Formulas for Vs,
Dispersivities,R,lambda,other
•••
•••
Restore Formulas for Vs,
oispersivities.R,lambda,other
:§:::-::--~-,,"=---'.-;0::~1='~~:'::::::::;';:::::-::l::::-~~~;
•••
•••
Recalculate Thl
Sheel.•....,..,.-=........"""";.;-:X.'t7~~.
Pasle Exampie Dalasel
=a;~....~
Reslore Formulas for Vs,
Drspersivities,R,lambda,olher
"".<i"'~«B:
•••
•
Calculated Contaminant Velocity
R =1 +(KOC*FOc-SD)/n
Velocity of contaminant =gw velocity/R
gw velocity =kiln•
•
conductivity 17
porosity 0
gradient 0
7
0.05
0.018
gw velocity (ftiday)
1,1,1-TCA
shallow =0.90188
deep =2.328848
PCE
shallow =0.826619
deep =2.106037
DCE
shallow =0.936885
deep =2.434547
•
Calculated Contaminant Velocity
R "1 +(KOC·FOC·SD)/n
Velocity of contaminant =gw velocity/R
gw velocity"kiln•
•
conductivity 17
porosity 0
gradient 0
7
0.05
0.018
gw velocity (ftlday)
1,1,1-TCA
shallow =0.90188
deep =2.328848
PCE
shallow"0.826619
deep"2106037
DCE
shallow"0.936885
deep"2.434547
•Corrected concentration
for PCE from MW-2d to MW,15d(1,180 ft)
1204166667
Corrected concentration
for PCE from MW·13s to MW-9sk(800ft)
1446428571
Corrected concentration
for 1,1,1-TCA from MW-14d to MW-15d(1,160 ft)
7.75557047
CilCo=e"kt
kt =In(Ci/Co)1,957606
k =1,96/t
gw velocity =
deep =2,106037 t=561 k=,0035
kt =In(Ci/Co)1.064711
k =1,07/t
shallow =0,826619 t =968 k=,001
gw velocity =
deep =2,328848 t=504
kt =In(Ci/Co)0.94165
k=.94/t
deep =2.434547 1=477 k=.002•
Corrected concentration
for 1,1,1-TCA from MW-13s to MW-9sk(800ft)
1446428571
Corrected concentration
for 1,1-DCE from MW-14d to MW-15d(1,160ft)
186,7459732
kt =In(Ci/Co)
k =,929/t
kt =In(Ci/Co)
k =1,07/t
shallow =
0.929363
k=0,002
1,064711
k=,002
0,90188 t=889
•
Corrected concentration
for 1,1-DCE from MW-13s to MW-9sk(800ft)
1,446428571
kt =In(Ci/Co)1,064711
k =1.07/t
shallow =0,936885 t=853 k=,001
•
•
•
APPENDIXH
EVIDENCE OF THE FORMER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE
03/16/98 11:l5cITYOFRRL-SWS
•,--
tr9l9 790 8273 TRIANGLE ENV.I~G
TEL:[phone] Mar 16'98
INVENTORY OP SOLID WAS1B
DISPOSAL SInS
,f
@002
10=30 No.009 P.02
MI\.P (Ol/l.ONOl.OGlCAL)NUMllIlR'8
LOCATION:en$t of "olel Wilke i'onst Roael betve~51%Forks RD/l.d and
c~b~ree Creek.(PInte 8)
•
OATES OF USAGE:1961-62
SURFACE AAP.I\:Jl.ppn>xirllately 4$...cr~
VOWME:Approximauly On"..!Ilion ~u!>ic yarels
TYPES OF WASTe:HQusohold,eo=mDre!al,industrial,demOlition,
lanel clea:in"etc.
M.aTIlOO OF OPEAATION:e"cauation of enstiltg so11 and'fUlin&of
low $\IUPy ;17".-s.
OWNER:(PAST)York Ind~stri81 Cente~
•
(PRESENT)hpsi*Col8,BottlUt8 cOlll9any.!'tltO'l"Bea.ting and Parh.
~guerite J.1hompSOft and other~
GfNEAAL INFORMATION:Site was e"<:aUlloUd a.nd filhcl IIp to 15 feet of
d"Pth.A'l"ea is nov used for several businesses
1ncl~dina ~~$tauran~s.ea~deale~ship$.soft
drtnk bo~tlini "olllparw and others.
r
I
I
I •'-.-.
0~/15/98 11:18CITYOFRRL-sWS
e'91B 790 8273 TRr.'I1W'Q:ENV.I.ve
TEL:91s-e31_6632 Mar 16'98
•~
J
~'-i§•
••
ItJt To ScAle
J
"-•
!,,-
",.,......,'
~00410:31 NO.009 P.04
7 .-
.""l
./'.j
(.\I .,/
.).)"
--------~.--::~;;~."
;}I /':_-/-;.-.,-
j (lIMP
)Dill!:
;'Iq~1
I../1-
..--
•
•
•