26090_Smokey Mtn Petroleum_BRSAssessmentWorkplanRevision2_20230929

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ECS SOUTHEAST, LLP
"Setting the Standard for Service"
Geotechnical • Consiruc ion Materials • Environmental • Facilities NC: Registered Engineering Firm F-1078
NC Registered Geologists Firm C-553
SC Registered Engineering Firm 3239
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BROWNFIELDS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
REVISION 1.0
SMOKEY MOUNTAIN PETROLEUM SITE
456-466 SWANNANOA RIVER ROAD
ASHEVILLE, BUNCOMBE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
BROWNFIELDS PROJECT ID. 26090-22-011
ECS PROJECT NO. 49:13699-E3
PREPARED FOR
BUCKEY COMMUNITY HOPE FOUNDATION
SEPTEMBER 22, 2023
Work Plan Certification
I, Don R. Marlor, P.G., a Licensed Geologist for ECS Southeast, LLP (North Carolina
Licensed Geologist Firm C-553), do certify that the information contained herein is correct
and accurate to the best of my knowledge.
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ECS Capitol Services, PLLC • ECS Florida, LLC • ECS Mid -Atlantic, LLC - ECS Midwest, LLC • ECS Southeast, LLP • ECS Southwest, LLP
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ECS SOUTHEAST, LLP
"Setting the Standard for Service"
Geotechnical • Construction Materials • Environmental • Facilities IBC Registered Engineering Firm F-1078
NC Registered Geologists Firm C-553
SC Registered Engineering Firm 3239
Mr. Kris Riddle September 22, 2023
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management
Brownfields Redevelopment Section
2090 U.S. 70 Highway
Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-8211
Reference: Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan — Revision 1.0
Smokey Mountain Petroleum
456-466 Swannanoa River Road
(also listed as 21 and 99999 Governors View Road)
Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina
Brownfields Project No. 26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
Dear Mr. Riddle:
ECS Southeast, LLP (ECS) has prepared this work plan on behalf of the Prospective
Developer (Buckeye Community Hope Foundation) to collect soil, soil gas, groundwater,
surface water, and sediment samples at the above referenced site. This plan has been
developed at the request of the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) Brownfields Redevelopment Section (BRS) in order to address data gaps as
discussed during a kickoff meeting held on June 8, 2023, as well as subsequent discussions
and correspondences. Also included with the submittal is a completed Minimum
Requirements Checklist and Assessment Work Plan Approval Signature Page.
ECS appreciates the opportunity to work with your Program. If you have any questions
concerning this work plan or this project, please contact us.
Sincerely,
ECS SOUTHEAST, LLP
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Don R. Marlor, P.G.
Environmental Staff Project Manager
828-785-4183
dmarlor(o)-ecslimited.com
Roger A. �mithP.G.
Senior Principal Geologist
704-378-9015
rsmith3(a-ecslimited.com
Enclosures: Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Assessment Work Plan Approval Signature Page
ECS Capitol Services, PLLC • ECS Flodda, LLC • ECS Mid -Atlantic, LLC • ECS Midwest, LLC • ECS Southeast, LLP • ECS Southwest, LLP
www.ecslimited.com

ROY COOPER
Governor
ELIZABETH S. BISER
Secretary
MICHAEL SCOTT NORTH CAROUNA
Director Environmental Quality
ATTACHMENT 1
DEQ Brownfields Redevelopment Section
Assessment Work Plan Approval Signature Page
To be completed by Development Team and returned to DEQ Brownfields for review & signature.
Brownfields Project Name: Smokey Mountain Petroleum
Brownfields Project Number: 26090-22-011
Work Plan Title: Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Date: September 22, 2023
Revision Number: 1.0
Be advised that this approval from DEQ Brownfields does not waive any applicable requirement to
obtain any necessary permits, licenses, or certifications for the above listed activities nor does it waive
any requirement to comply with applicable law for such activities.
Prospective Developer (PD): Buckeye Community Hope Foundation
Contact Person: Mr. Steve Sceranka
Phone Numbers: Office: 843-437-9530 Mobile: Chcl: or tap here to enter text.
Email: [e-mail]
Property Owner (if different from above): Swannanoa River Rd, LLC and Realty Company II, LLC
Address: 21 Ridgefield Place, Asheville, NC
Contact Person: Wes Morgan and C. W. Morgan Jr.
Phone Numbers: Office: Clid, or tap here to enter teat. Mobile: Clicl: or tap here to enter lest.
Email: Uld, or tap here to enter text.
Environmental Consultant: ECS Southeast, LLP
Contact Person: Don R. Marlor, P.G.
Phone Numbers: Office: 828-785-4183
Email: [e-mail]
Signature:
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Consultant: ECS Southeast, LLP
Printed Name/Title/Company: Don R. Marlor, P.G./Project
Manager/ECS Southeast, LLP
Brownfields Project Manager: Kris Riddle
Phone Numbers: Office: Clid, or tap here to enter text
Email: Clicl; or tap here to enter text.
Signature:
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9/29/2023
Brownfields Project Manager:Clicl: or tap here to enter text. Date Chcl: or tap to enter a date.
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�North Carolina Department of Environmental Qua lily I Division of Waste Management
217 West Jones Street 1 1646 Mail Service Center I Raleigh. North Carolina 27699-1646
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Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK.................................................................................................................5
3.0 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................7
4.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS.................................................................................................11
5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL...............................................................12
6.0 INVESTIGATION DERIVED WASTE MANAGEMENT...................................................13
7.0 REPORTING.........................................................................................................................13
FIGURES
Figure 1 Topographic Location
Figure 2 Historic Sample Locations
Figure 3 Proposed Soil, Groundwater, and Sediment/Surface Water Sample Locations
Figure 4 Proposed Soil Gas Sample Locations
TABLE
Table 1 Proposed Sample Locations & Analyses
APPENDIX
Appendix A Historical Sample Location Figures and Laboratory Analytical Data Tables

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Smokey Mountain Petroleum site (the Subject Site) consists of two parcels totaling 2.73 acres
(see Figures 1 and 2) and is located in a commercial and residential area of Asheville, south of
Governors View Road and north of Swannanoa River Road. The Subject Site is currently vacant
and overgrow with a remnant concrete slab and block wall of former site structure (located on the
northeastern portion of the Subject Site), along with some former gravel drive/parking areas. The
Subject Site is identified by the Buncombe County Online GIS Database with the following Parcel
Identification Numbers (PINs) and street address:
Street Addresses
PINs
Parcel Size
(Acres)
21 Governors View
965-854-606-
0.91
Road
000000
99999 Governors View
965-853-892-
1.82
Road
200000
The prospective developer (PD), Buckeye Community Hope Foundation, submitted a Brownfields
Property (BP) Application on December 28, 2022 and subsequent additional information
submitted by ECS (reviewed January 30, 2023 and February 2, 2023). On May 8, 2023, a Letter
of Eligibility (LOE) for the Subject Site was issued by the Brownfields Redevelopment Section
(BRS) to the PD to pursue a brownfields agreement. The proposed redevelopment plan will
include a structure consisting of multi -family residential affordable housing (to be known as
Redwood Commons), associated surface parking/drive areas, with limited recreational and
landscaping areas. The ground floor square footage (i.e., "footprint") of the proposed building is
17,800 square feet and includes a leasing office, maintenance room, laundry facilities, tenant
storage areas, and one- and two -bedroom residential units. The exterior site amenities include a
a gazebo, walking trails, seating areas and a community garden.
ECS previously completed a Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment (Phase 1 ESA), Limited Soil
and Groundwater Assessment, Soil Gas Assessment, and one subsurface exploration and
geotechnical evaluation. These reports include environmental information pertaining to the
Subject Site, as well as soil, soil gas, and groundwater quality sampling and analyses. The scope
and findings of the prior assessment work includes the following:
The Phase / ESA conducted for the Subject Site was dated December 30, 2021 (ECS Project No.
13699-A). The findings within the Phase 1 ESA identified that Smoky Mountain Petroleum
Company, Inc. operated as a petroleum fuel distribution facility at the subject property from at
least 1970 until the early 2000s. The facility included six (6) vertical 20,000-gallon aboveground
storage tanks (ASTs) with associated truck loading area, nine (9) horizontal 4,000-gallon ASTs,
three (3) horizontal 1,000-gallon ASTs, one (1) horizontal 275-gallon heating oil AST, four (4)
underground storage tanks (USTs) west of facility building, one (1) or two (2) USTs south of the
facility building, and dispensers near the southwest corner of the facility building. The approximate
location of these ASTs, USTs and former site buildings are indicated on Figure 2.
The facility building, ASTs, USTs, and associated distribution systems have reportedly been
removed by others, from the Subject Site. When the USTs were removed, contaminated soil was
identified and removed. However, soil and groundwater restrictions were placed on the subject
property due to remaining contaminated soil and identified groundwater contamination above

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
regulatory standards. Assessment following the removal of the ASTs was not conducted at the
subject property.
A review of regulatory documentation conducted as part of the Phase 1 ESA, identified the
adjoining property to the east (currently an Aldi grocery store) was previously developed with D.O.
Creasman Co., Inc. Based on available files, soil and groundwater sampling was previously
performed by others in several locations on the property. Areas of concern on the property
included former 1,000 and 4,000-gallon USTs, fuel dispensers, a waste oil AST, a fuel oil AST, a
former 12,000-gallon UST, a hydraulic line leak, and debris piles. According to reports reviewed
by ECS, one soil sample was collected and analyzed from each area of concern. Total petroleum
hydrocarbon (TPH) diesel range organics (DRO) was detected at concentrations above the State
action level in several soil samples. Groundwater samples were also collected in several locations
on the property. TPH-DRO was detected in each of the groundwater samples collected at
concentrations ranging from 150 micrograms per liter (tag/L) to 3,500 pg/L. A North Carolina 2L
Groundwater Quality Standard (NC2LGWQS) does not exist for TPH in groundwater.
A groundwater sample was collected near the western boundary (near the subject property) which
identified that the groundwater was impacted.
The Phase 1 ESA identified the following recognized environmental conditions (RECs):
• ECS considered the historical use of the property as a petroleum fuel distribution facility,
which potentially resulted in undocumented releases of petroleum products, a REC for the
subject property.
• Bulk fuel ASTs were located on the property for approximately 30 years. Documentation
of sampling in the areas of the ASTs was not identified during the previous assessments.
Based on the size of the ASTs and extended period of operations, there is a potential for
spillage and overfilling of the tanks and delivery trucks.
• Gasoline dispensers were located near the southwestern corner of the facility building in
the vicinity of the USTs. Documentation indicating when the dispensers were removed or
that samples were collected beneath the dispensers were not available for review.
• Petroleum releases at the eastern adjoining former D.O. Creasman Co., Inc. facility (now
an Aldi store) have occurred and have the potential to impact the subject property.
Documentation regarding the resolution of this incident was not available for review. The
open petroleum incident was considered to present a REC for the subject property.
In addition, the following controlled recognized environmental condition (CREC) was identified by
the Phase 1 ESA:
• Based on the residual contamination remaining at the property following the UST closure
and associated land use restrictions, ECS considered the releases and land use
restrictions a CREC for the subject property. Future site use and development should be
conducted in accordance with the deed recorded land use restrictions.
Following completion of the Phase 1 ESA and in order to further assess the identified RECs, ECS
conducted limited soil and groundwater sampling at the Subject Site. The activities and results
were summarized in ECS' Report of Limited Soil and Groundwater Assessment dated April 12,
2022 (ECS Project No. 49:13699-D).
The Limited Soil and Groundwater Assessment activities were conducted by ECS in March, 2022
and consisted of the collection of ten soil samples and six groundwater samples, for laboratory
analysis. Based on the field observations and laboratory analytical results of the soil and
groundwater samples collected during the assessment, ECS concluded the following:
2

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
Ten (10) soil samples were submitted to a North Carolina Certified laboratory for analysis
of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi -Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs)
using EPA Methods 8260 and 8270, respectively. One of these soil samples (SB-1) was
collected in the vicinity of the former gasoline dispensers, with the results identifying
naphthalene at a concentration above its Residential and Soil -to -Groundwater Maximum
Soil Contaminant Concentration (MSCC) and multiple other targeted VOCs and SVOCs
above their respective Soil -to -Groundwater MSCCs. The remaining soil samples collected
in the footprint of the former 4,000-gallon ASTs (SB-2, SB-3, SB-4, and SB-5), former
20,000-gallon ASTs (SB-6, SB-7, and SB-10), and former loading area (SB-8 and SB-9)
did not contain targeted VOCs or SVOCs above their respective Soil -to -Water,
Residential, or Industrial Commercial MSCCs.
Six (6) groundwater samples (TW-1 through TW-6) were submitted to a North Carolina
certified laboratory for analysis of VOCs and SVOCs using EPA Methods 8260 and 8270,
respectively. Groundwater sample TW-5, collected in the vicinity of the former 20,000-
gallon ASTs, contained naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene at
concentrations above their respective NC2LGWQS. Additionally, concentrations of
ethylbenzene and naphthalene detected in TW-5 exceed both the Residential and Non -
Residential Groundwater Screening Levels (GWSL) for Vapor Intrusion (VI). Groundwater
sample TW-6 collected in the vicinity of former gasoline dispensers detected benzene,
naphthalene, 1-methyl naphthalene, and 2-methyl naphthalene at concentrations above
their respective NC2LGWQS and concentrations of ethylbenzene, naphthalene, and
toluene above their respective Residential and Non -Residential GWSLs for VI.
Groundwater sample TW-4 collected in the vicinity of the former loading area detected 1-
methyl naphthalene at a concentration above its respective NC2LGWQS.
Groundwater samples TW-2 and TW-3 located along the eastern property did not contain
targeted VOCs or SVOCs above their respective laboratory method detection limits or
their respective NC2LGWQS. Additionally, TW-1 collected in the vicinity of the former
4,000-gallon ASTs did not contain targeted VOCs or SVOCs above their respective
laboratory method detection limits or their respective NC2LGWQS.
Due to the GWSL for VI exceedances, ECS input the groundwater data for samples TW-
5 and TW-6 into the NCDEQ Risk Calculator (January 2022 Version). Based on the results
of the risk calculators, detected concentrations in groundwater samples TW-5 and TW-6
exceeded the risk threshold for Residential occupancy; however, the detected
concentrations did not exceed Non -Residential occupancy.
Based on detections of compounds identified in the groundwater samples and the
absence of detections in soil sample SB-1, it appears soil and groundwater at the site
have been impacted from the on -site RECs, as previously documented.
The approximate locations of these samples are indicated on Figure 2.
In order to further assess the Subject Site for potential vapor intrusion issues, ECS completed a
Soil Gas Assessment Report for the Subject Site dated July 7, 2023 (ECS Project No. 49-13699-
F). The activities conducted consisted of the collection of five soil gas samples from the Subject
Site. Initially, ECS proposed the installation and sampling of eight (8) soil gas points (SG-1 through
SG-8) within the proposed building footprint; however, due to encountering refusal (potential
concrete, debris, etc.) below the ground surface in three of the locations, only five of the proposed
locations were sampled (SG-1 through SG-3 and SG-7 and SG-8). Based on the field
observations and laboratory analytical results of the soil gas samples collected during the
assessment, ECS concluded the following:
3

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
Laboratory analysis of the soil gas samples collected indicated several VOCs at
concentrations greater than the laboratory reporting limits, but less than their respective
VISLs, except for the concentration of 2-propanol detected in sample SG-2. The 2-
propanol concentration detected in the SG-2 sample was greater than its Residential VISL,
but less than its Non -Residential VISL. Additionally, the laboratory MDL for benzene and
1,3-butadiene in sample SG-3 were above their residential VISL.
Based on the results of the NCDEQ Risk Calculator, the soil gas concentrations identified
exceed the residential risk threshold, but not the non-residential worker risk threshold.
Following receipt of the LOE from the BRS, a kickoff meeting was subsequently conducted with
the BRS on June 8, 2023 to review the earlier assessment findings, and to discuss additional
work needed to fill data gaps for BRS. Historical Sample location figures and laboratory analytical
data tables are included in Appendix A. This Work Plan was prepared in accordance with the
NCDEQ, BRS guidance to address the identified data gaps, generally consisting of the following:
• Further assess soil quality in the vicinity of the former USTs;
• Further assess groundwater at the site;
• Collect additional soil gas data at the site;
• Assessment of surface water and sediment of an existing stream, if it will be exposed
following development; and
• Brownfields property receptor survey.
The data obtained from executing this work plan is intended for use by the BRS and not other
regulatory programs.
Brownfields Protect Contact Information
The contact information for the property owner, environmental consultant, and BRS is as follows:
Developer's Representative:
Mr. Steve Sceranka
Buckeye Community Hope Foundation
3021 E. Dublin -Granville Road
Columbus, OH 43231
440-567-6069
[e-mail]
Site Environmental Representative:
Mr. Don R. Marlor, P.G.
ECS Southeast, LLP
1900 Hendersonville Road
Suite 10,
Asheville, NC 28803
828-785-4183
dmarlor(a)ecslimited.com
4

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
BRS Contact:
Brownfields Redevelopment Section
NCDEQ
Division of Waste Management
BRS
Cc: Mr. Kris Riddle
Project Manager, BRS
kris.riddle(a).deg.nc.gov
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK
The objective of this work plan is to collect additional site data to further evaluate the site for
redevelopment as multi -family residential, in accordance with the BRS.
Based upon the review by BRS of the referenced reports, data gaps were identified which the
BRS has requested to be assessed. Proposed additional soil, groundwater, surface water, and
sediment sample locations are shown Figure 3. Proposed additional soil gas sample locations
are shown on Figure 4. In order to meet the requests of the BRS and address data it identified.
The following subsections describe the scope of work is to be conducted under this work plan.
The scope of work is to be performed in general accordance with the Minimum Requirements
Checklist for Site Assessment Work Plans and Reports issued by the BRS in March 2023.
2.1 Pre -Assessment Tasks
Prior to assessment activities, ECS will contact North Carolina One Call (NC811) to identify public
underground utilities at the site. This notification requires 72-hour response time exclusive
of weekends and holidays. Our experience indicates that 811 normally does not locate private
utilities. As such, ECS will provide a private utility locator to locate subsurface utilities in proposed
soil boring and soil gas sample locations to clear utilities at the proposed boring locations.
2.2 Receptor Survey
ECS will complete a Brownfields Property Receptor Survey for the Subject Site and submit with
the Brownfields Assessment Report.
2.3 Soil Assessment
ECS will contract with a drilling firm that employs a North Carolina Certified Well Contractor
(NCCWC) to advance six (6) soil borings for the collection of soil samples for laboratory analysis
in the areas of the former USTs and the future proposed stormwater retention system. The borings
will be advanced using a direct push technology (DPT) track -mounted drill rig. Figure 3 has been
included as a proposed soil boring location map for borings identified as SB-11 through SB-16.
The depth of the borings will be advanced to approximately five (5) to six (6) feet below ground
surface (bgs), which is the approximate depth to the site groundwater, based on the depths
detected during the Limited Soil and Groundwater Assessment.
The exact locations of the soil borings will be determined in the field to avoid buried utilities,
although will be placed in the approximate locations illustrated on Figure 3 and advanced to the
approximate depths as summarized in Table 1. Soil borings will be abandoned by the drilling firm
upon completion of the sampling event.
2.4 Sediment Sampling
ECS is proposing to collect one sediment sample from the portion of the existing on -site stream
that will remain exposed following completion of development activities, which is located on the
northeast portion of the site, as indicated on Figure 3. The actual location of the sediment samples
will be determined during the sampling event but are expected to be in areas that visually appear
5

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
to contain sediment runoff from the site.
2.5 Surface Water Sampling
The surface water sampling will be conducted in general accordance with the USEPA Region 4,
LSASD, SOP for surface water sampling (ID No. LSASDPROC-201-R6), effective date of April
23, 2023.
ECS is proposing to collect one surface water sample from the portion of the existing on -site
stream that will remain exposed following completion of development activities, which is located
on the northeast portion of the site, as indicated on Figures 3.
2.6 Groundwater Assessment
ECS will contract with a drilling firm that employs a NCCWC to install three (3) permanent
monitoring wells for groundwater sample collection. The borings will be advanced using hollow
stem augers with a track -mounted DPT drill rig. Proposed monitoring wells are to be identified as
MW-1 through MW-3 and their approximate proposed locations are illustrated on Figure 3. The
exact locations of the wells will be determined in the field in order to avoid buried utilities.
The wells are proposed to be drilled to approximately 15 feet below bgs (approximately 5 to 10
feet into the shallow groundwater table based upon prior assessment data available for the site).
The monitoring wells will be constructed per North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) 2C well
construction standards utilizing 2-inch diameter PVC well screen (0.010-inch slot size) and riser
pipe with its screen straddling the water table.
2.7 Exterior Soil Gas Assessment
Five (5) exterior soil gas samples will be collected. There will be three (3) exterior soil gas samples
(SG-10, SG-11 and SG-1 3) collected in the vicinity of the locations where previous exterior soil
gas samples (SG-4, SG-5, and SG-6) were attempted to be collected. Additionally, SG-11 has
been placed in the location of the proposed elevator shaft. One (1) soil gas sample (SG-9) will be
collected from the western stairwell of the building footprint and one (1) additional soil gas sample
(SG-12) will be collected from stairwell located in the southern portion of the building. Figure 4
shows the proposed exterior soil gas sample locations superimposed over proposed construction
details proved by the PD. The exact locations of the soil gas vapor points will be determined in
the field in order to avoid buried utilities. SG-9, SG-10, SG-11, SG-12 and SG-13 will be collected
at an approximate depth of 4 feet (bg) due to shallow groundwater at the site. The borings for the
exterior soil gas sample points will be conducted by advancing a macrocore soil sampler with a
DPT drill rig. Proposed exterior soil gas sample depths with additional descriptions are included
in Table 1.
2.8 Additional Tasks
The top of casing for each of the proposed permanent monitoring wells will be surveyed by a
North Carolina Licensed Surveyor upon completion of the wells. This data along with depth to
groundwater data will be used to calculate the groundwater elevation at each monitoring well
which in turn will be used to estimate the groundwater flow direction. The surveyor will also
determine the horizontal location of each to the proposed soil borings, exterior soil gas monitoring
points, and monitoring wells as well as the elevation of the ground surface at each of these sample
points. The data collected by the surveyor will be tabulated and included in the Brownfields
Assessment Report.
Following receipt of laboratory results and approval by BRS, the permanent monitoring wells will
be abandoned by the drilling firm prior to construction activities. Well construction completion and
abandonment forms will be provided in the Brownfields Assessment Report. Borings logs for the
proposed soil and groundwater sample locations will be completed in the Brownfields Assessment
Report.

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
The surface water and sediment sample location will be horizontally located using a hand-held
GPS with sub -meter accuracy.
2.9 Reporting
After receipt of the final laboratory reports, a Brownfields Assessment Report summarizing the
methods utilized and results of the sampling outlined in this work plan will be submitted to the
BRS for review. A groundwater elevation map will be included int the final report based on the
survey data collected as discussed above. The soil and sediment detections will be compared to
the current version of the NCDEQ, Residential Preliminary Soil Remedial Goals (PSRGs). The
surface water detections will be compared to the current version of the NCDEQ 15A NCAC 02B
Surface Water Quality Standard (NC2BSWQS). The groundwater detections will be compared to
the current version of the NCDEQ 15A NCAC 02L Groundwater Quality Standards (NC2LGWQS)
and the Residential Vapor Intrusion Screening Levels (VISLs) for groundwater. The exterior soil
gas detections will be compared to the current version of the NCDEQ, Residential VISLs for
exterior soil gas. Additionally, if positive detections are noted, the soil, groundwater, and exterior
soil gas sample results will be input into the NCDEQ Risk Calculator to further evaluate the risk
thresholds.
3.0 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
3.1 Soil Sample Collection
Soil sampling will be conducted in general accordance with the NCDEQ, Inactive Hazardous Sites
Program Guidelines for Assessment and Cleanup (September 2022). The DPT drill rig will
advance borings from ground surface to termination depths ranging from approximately 6 feet
bgs. One discreet VOC soil sample will be selected from each boring under the supervision of
ECS' field environmental professional. One composite soil sample will be collected for SVOCs,
the eight metals regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA 8 Metals),
and hexavalent chromium from each boring.
The soils from each boring will be evaluated by removing a liner filled with soil from the DPT
macrocore sampler, then cut open to expose the soil. An aliquot of soil from approximately 0 feet
to 3 feet bgs and 3 feet to 6 feet bgs will be directly into laboratory supplied, pre -preserved sample
container. A second aliquot of the soil will be placed directly into resealable plastic bag to screen
for relative levels of volatile organic vapors using a photoionization detector (PID) or similar device
and for composite sampling purposes. One sample will be selected from each boring from the
interval (0 feet to 3 feet bgs or 3 feet to 6 feet bgs) with the highest PID reading and will be
submitted for VOC analysis. If elevated volatile organic vapor concentrations or visual/olfactory
observations indicate evidence of soil impacts, ECS will denote these observations on the soil
boring log. Borings will be abandoned by the drilling firm upon completion in general accordance
with NCAC 2C standards. The soil borings will be advanced using a macrocore soil sampler driven
by a DPT drill rig. The borings may be limited by refusal from buried material from the prior
development. If groundwater is encountered prior to reaching the proposed depths, the apparent
groundwater depth will be noted, and the soil sample selected for laboratory analysis will be collected
from soils above the apparent soil -groundwater interface.
The discrete soil samples are to be analyzed by EPA Method 8260 for VOCs. The composite soil
samples are to be analyzed by EPA Method 8270 for SVOCs, EPA Method 6020/7471 for RCRA
8-Metals, and hexavalent chromium by EPA Method 7199 in accordance with the attached Table
1. VOC samples will be taken as described above; soil that is containerized immediately in the
interval of the screened soil will be submitted for VOC analysis. The soil samples will be placed
directly into laboratory provided, pre -preserved sample containers, and placed in a cooler on ice.
The samples will be labeled as to sample ID, ECS project number, sample date and time,
7

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
preservative, and requested analysis. The samples will be maintained under chain of custody
(COC) protocol throughout the collection, transport, and receipt at the laboratory process. Soil
samples will be delivered to the laboratory within 48 hours of collection as reasonably practical. If
circumstances do not allow the samples to be delivered within 48 hours, sample coolers will be
restocked with ice and stored under COC until delivered to the laboratory. If samples are not
delivered to laboratory within 48 hours, ECS will provide documentation that samples were kept
on ice and were secure until received by laboratory.
Following the collection of representative soil samples from each boring, SVOCs, RCRA 8-Metals,
and hexavalent chromium samples will be composited by gently mixing three representative
samples collected from each boring within each cell which will result in a single composite sample
for each the three cells. Samples will be collected into laboratory supplied/preserved containers.
Following collection, they will be placed in an ice -chilled cooler for transportation to the laboratory.
Duplicate soil samples will be collected at a rate of one duplicate sample per container type, per
field day during the soil assessment for Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) purposes.
The duplicate soil samples will be submitted to the laboratory for the same soil analyses as the
sample they are duplicating (See Table 1).
Assuming that unexpected soil conditions are not encountered, at the completion of the soil boring
and sampling activities, soil cuttings generated will either be placed back into the various soil
borings or spread onsite in the vicinity of the boring locations. Should groundwater be
encountered within a boring, bentonite will be added prior to topping the boring with soil cuttings.
3.2 Sediment Sampling
ECS will provide a project professional to collect the sediment sample using decontaminated,
stainless -steel equipment and/or new, disposable latex or nitrile gloves.
After collection, the sediment sample will be placed directly into laboratory provided, pre -
preserved sample containers, and placed in a cooler on ice. The sample will be labeled as to
sample ID, ECS project number, sample date and time, preservative, and requested analysis.
The samples will be maintained under COC protocol throughout the collection, transport, and
receipt at the laboratory process. The sediment sample will be delivered to the laboratory within
48 hours of collection. If circumstances do not allow the samples to be delivered within 48 hours,
sample coolers will be restocked with ice and stored under chain of custody (COC) until delivered
to the laboratory. If the sample is not delivered to laboratory within 48 hours, ECS will provide
documentation that sample was kept on ice and was secure until receipt by laboratory.
A duplicate sediment sample will also be collected for QA/QC purposes. The duplicate sediment
sample will be submitted to the laboratory for the same analyses as the sediment sample it is
duplicating (See Table 1).
3.3 Surface Water Sampling
ECS will provide a project professional to collect the surface water sample from the onsite stream,
assuming it contains water at the time of the sampling event. The surface water sample will be
collected by either slowly lowering a new, dedicated and disposable bailer below the water surface
to remove water from the water body, or by slowly submerging a laboratory provided, non -
preserved sample container below the water surface and allowing to fill up, then decanted into
the actual laboratory provided, pre -preserved sample containers.
The filled sample containers will be placed in a cooler on ice, along with a completed COC, for
delivery to the laboratory. The sample will be labeled as to sample ID, ECS project number,
�:3

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
sample date and time, preservative, and requested analysis. The sample will be maintained under
COC protocol throughout the collection, transport, and receipt at the laboratory process. The
surface water sample will be delivered to the laboratory within 48 hours of collection. If
circumstances do not allow the sample to be delivered within 48 hours, sample coolers will be
restocked with ice and stored under COC until delivered to the laboratory. If sample is not
delivered to laboratory within 48 hours, ECS will provide documentation that the sample was kept
on ice and was secure until receipt by laboratory.
A duplicate surface water sample will also be collected for QA/QC purposes. The duplicate
surface water sample will be submitted to the laboratory for the same analyses as the surface
water sample it is duplicating (See Table 1).
3.4 Groundwater Sample Collection
The monitoring wells will be developed immediately after installation by over pumping and surging
with a surge block. Following a minimum of 24 hours after the monitoring well development
activities are complete, the wells will be gauged for depth to groundwater and sampled by low -
flow sampling techniques. The groundwater samples will be collected with the use of a peristaltic
pump and new clean disposable polyethylene tubing. Water level measurements will be collected
during low -flow sampling and ECS will attempt to limit the drawdown in each well to less than one
foot. ECS will keep track of the volume of water removed from each well. Groundwater
geochemistry measurements including pH, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity will be
collected at intervals of approximately 3 to 5 minutes with the use of a flow through cell and water
quality meter. Samples will be collected when geochemical parameters have stabilized or after
90 minutes of low flow pumping. Stabilization will be considered to have occurred when three
consecutive reading indicate:
• pH remains constant within 0.1 Standard Units (SU)
• Specific Conductance varies no more than 5 percent
• Turbidity varies no more than 10 percent or is less than 10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units
(NTUs)
Three groundwater samples (MW-1 through MW-3) will be collected into laboratory supplied/pre-
preserved sample containers once geochemistry parameter measurements meet the criteria
above. The groundwater samples will be submitted for analysis of RCRA 8-Metals by EPA Method
6020/7470 in accordance with the attached Table 1. The filled sample containers will be placed
in a cooler on ice, along with a completed COC, for delivery to the laboratory. The samples will
be labeled as to sample ID, ECS project number, sample date and time, preservative, and
requested analysis. The samples will be maintained under COC protocol throughout the
collection, transport, and receipt at the laboratory process. Groundwater samples will be delivered
to the laboratory within 48 hours of collection. If circumstances do not allow the samples to be
delivered within 48 hours, sample coolers will be restocked with ice and stored under COC until
delivered to the laboratory. If samples are not delivered to laboratory within 48 hours, ECS will
provide documentation that samples were kept on ice and were secure until receipt by laboratory.
In addition to these groundwater samples, one duplicate groundwater sample will be collected for
QA/QC purposes. The duplicate groundwater sample will be submitted to the laboratory for the
same analyses as the groundwater sample it is duplicating. In addition, ECS will collect one (1)
equipment blank sample by pumping distilled water through the tubing used with the peristaltic
pump or bailer, depending upon sampling method. See the attached Table 1 for a summary of
the groundwater sampling and analysis.
9

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
3.5 Exterior Soil Gas Sample Collection
Five (5) exterior soil gas samples will be collected. Soil gas samples (SG-9 through SG-13) will
be exterior soil gas samples collected at depth approximately 4 feet bgs.
The soil gas sampling will be conducted in general accordance with the NCDEQ Vapor Intrusion
Guidance (March 2018, Version 2). The borings for the exterior soil gas sample points will the
conducted by advancing a macrocore soil sampler with a DPT drill rig. Samples will be analyzed
by EPA Method TO-15 for VOCs, including naphthalene. Refer to Table 1 for proposed sample
depths.
Once each external boring has reached termination depth, dedicated Nylafow tubing and a
stainless -steel expendable implant will be lowered into the boring. Coarse filter sand will placed
around and approximately 1 foot above the implant. The remaining space above the sand will
consist of bentonite which will be hydrated with distilled water. An air -tight cap will be attached to
the above -ground end of the Nylaflow tubing and will remain in place until sampling is performed.
The DPT installed exterior soil gas points will be allowed to stabilize for a minimum of 24 hours
before soil gas sample collection. The soil gas points will be purged at time of installation.
Prior to collecting the soil gas samples in individually or batch certified Summa canisters, a shut-
in test will be conducted to assess for leaks. Additionally, the seal of each sampling point will be
leak tested using helium gas. A shroud, and a helium detector as recommended in NCDEQ-DWM
Vapor Intrusion Guidance. A shroud will be placed and sealed over each sampling point, sample
train, and Summa canister. The shroud will be flooded with laboratory grade helium via the hose
placed through the shroud wall. The concentration of helium inside the shroud will be measured
with a helium detector (Model MGD 2002 Multi -Gas Leak detector or similar device). The sample
train and interstitial space of each sampling point will be purged of at least 3 volumes via tubing
routed through the wall of the shroud to a syringe. The flow rate during purging will be at a rate of
approximately 200 milliliters per minute or less. Following purging, a soil gas sample will be
withdrawn and extracted soil gas will be directed to a Tedlar bag and monitored with a helium
detector. If the concentration measured in the Tedlar bag is less than 10 percent of the helium
concentration inside the shroud, the seal on the sampling point and sampling train will be
considered to be tight and not leaking. If a leak is noted, ECS will make adjustments and repeat
the testing process.
ECS will obtain either one -liter or similar Summa canisters from a commercial laboratory that
follows National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (NELAC) standards and
participates in the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (NELAP). Each
canister will be pre -cleaned and pre -evacuated so that it is under negative pressure (i.e., under
vacuum). The canisters will be individually or batch certified by the laboratory. Each Summa
canister will be outfitted with a flow regulator set to 200 milliliters per minute and a vacuum gauge.
ECS will check and note the vacuum on each Summa canister before initiating the sampling
procedure. If the initial vacuum prior to sample collection is less than 10 percent of the vacuum
documented by the laboratory at shipment, the Summa canister will not be used. ECS will open
the valve on each Summa cannister to initiate sampling. Flow will be regulated at a rate of
approximately 200 mL/min. ECS will terminate the sampling procedure at each sampling point
while a vacuum of at least 5 inches of mercury is still present in the canister. ECS will note the
vacuum for each canister at the end of the sampling procedure.
The vacuum in the canister will be recorded before and after sample collection. Sample collection
will terminate when the vacuum reaches approximately 5 inches of mercury (in-Hg). Other
parameters that will be measured include ambient temperature before and after sample collection
and weather conditions at the time of sample collection.
10

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
The Summa canisters will be submitted to a NELAP certified laboratory for analyses of VOCs
including naphthalene by EPA Method TO-15. ECS will request that the laboratory analyze vapor
samples for the most current and applicable standards from NELAP. The laboratory will be
instructed to use reporting limits below the applicable NCDEQ screening levels to the extent
technically feasible and to report the vacuum measurement for each sample canister at receipt
by the laboratory. Additionally, the laboratory will report method detection limits and J-Flags in the
laboratory analytical report.
One (1) duplicate soil gas sample, collected with a sample "T", will to be collected from the
approximate proposed soil gas sample location identified as SG-9. The sample, identified as
DUP-3, will be submitted for the same analysis as the samples they are duplicating (See Table
1).
3.6 Deviation from Approved Plan
This work plan is intended to be dynamic and to be adapted to specific and actual site conditions.
Accordingly, should such conditions warrant a change either by addition, deletion, or modification
of a procedure, such may be accomplished with agreement between a Buckeye Community Hope
Foundation representative and ECS after consultation with, and subject to approval by the
Program. Such changes will comply with applicable local, State, and Federal rules and
regulations. A written amendment shall be prepared and submitted to the BRS for approval (the
use of e-mail correspondence shall suffice for approval, followed by a hard copy or electronic
copy provided on Disk or similar media) prior to implementation. Amendments must have the
approval of the BRS prior to implementation.
4.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS
4.1 Soil Analytical
Following sample collection, the soil sample (and duplicate) containers will be labeled and
maintained under chain -of -custody until delivered to Pace Analytical Services, LLC (Pace) a North
Carolina certified laboratory located in Asheville, North Carolina. Pace currently holds NC Lab
Certification #40. A COC document will be utilized throughout the collection and transportation of
the samples. The discrete and composite soil samples collected from the proposed boring locations
will be analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method 8260 or SVOCs by EPA Method 8270, RCRA 8-metals
by EPA Methods 6020/7471 and hexavalent chromium by EPA Method 7199 as indicated in Table
1.
The laboratory's Reporting Limits (RLs) and/or Method Detection Limits (MDLs) will be reported at
or below Residential PSRGs (to the extent feasible), and estimated concentrations between the RL
and MDL (i.e., J-Flags) will be reported. A Level II QA/QC package will be reported by the
laboratory.
4.2 Sediment Analytical
Following sample collection, the sediment sample containers will be labeled and maintained under
chain -of -custody until delivered to Pace for laboratory analysis. A COC document will be utilized
throughout the collection and transportation of the samples. The sediment sample (and duplicate)
from the onsite stream will be analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method 8260, SVOCs by EPA Method
8270, RCRA metals by EPA Method 6020 and 7470; and Cr VI by EPA Method 7199.
The RLs and/or MDLs will be reported at or below Residential PSRGs (to the extent feasible), and
J-Flags will be reported. A Level II QA/QC package will be reported by the laboratory.
11

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
4.3 Surface Water Analytical
Following sample collection, the surface water sample containers will be labeled and maintained
under chain -of -custody until delivered to Pace a North Carolina certified laboratory located in
Asheville, North Carolina. A COC document will be utilized throughout the collection and
transportation of the samples. The surface water sample (and duplicate) collected from the onsite
stream will be analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method 8260; SVOCs by EPA Method 8270; and RCRA
metals by EPA Method 6020 and 7470; and hardness by EPA Method 200.7.
4.4 Groundwater Analytical
Following sample collection, the groundwater sample containers will be labeled and maintained
under chain -of -custody until delivered to Pace for laboratory analysis. A COC document will be
utilized throughout the collection and transportation of the samples. The groundwater samples
(and duplicate) will be analyzed for RCRA 8-metals by EPA Method 6020/7470.
The laboratory's RLs and/or MDLs will be reported at or below the NCAC 15A 02L Groundwater
Quality Standards and Groundwater Screening Levels (GWSL) for Vapor Intrusion (VI) (to the extent
feasible), and J-Flags will be reported. A Level II QA/QC package will be reported by the laboratory.
4.5 Soil Gas Analytical
Individually or batch certified 1-Liter Summa canisters utilized for soil gas sampling will be labeled
and shipped to a commercial laboratory that follows NELAC standards and participates in the
NELAP for analysis of VOCs using EPA Method TO-15, including naphthalene. The laboratory
will be instructed to analyze the samples and report MDLs. The laboratory's MDLs will be reported
at or below the Residential VISLs (to the extent feasible), and J-Flags will be reported. A Level II
QA/QC package will be reported by the laboratory.
5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
5.1 Soil Samples
A duplicate soil sample will also be collected into laboratory supplied, pre -preserved containers. The
duplicate soil sample will be submitted for analysis of VOCs by EPA Method 8260 and one duplicate
soil sample will be submitted for SVOCs by EPA Method 8270, EPA Method 6020/7471 for RCRA
8-Metals, and hexavalent chromium by EPA Method 7199. Following sample collection, the sample
containers will be labeled, placed in a cooler with ice, and delivered to for laboratory analysis. A
COC document will be utilized throughout the collection and transportation of the samples.
Additionally, since VOCs are being analyzed, a trip blank sample will be included in the cooler
and analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method 8260.
5.2 Sediment Samples
A duplicate sediment sample will also be collected into laboratory supplied, pre -preserved
containers. The duplicate soil sample will be submitted for analysis for VOCs by EPA Method 8260,
SVOCs by EPA Method 8270, RCRA metals by EPA Method 6020 and 7470; and Cr VI by EPA
Method 7199. Following sample collection, the sample containers will be labeled, placed in a
cooler with ice, and delivered to Pace for laboratory analysis. A COC document will be utilized
throughout the collection and transportation of the samples. Additionally, since VOCs are being
analyzed, a trip blank sample will be included in the cooler and analyzed for VOCs by EPA Method
8260.
5.3 Surface Water Samples
A duplicate surface water sample will also be collected into laboratory supplied, pre -preserved
containers. The duplicate surface water sample will be submitted for analysis for VOCs by EPA
Method 8260; SVOCs by EPA Method 8270; RCRA metals by EPA Method 6020 and 7470; and
hardness by EPA Method 200.7. Following sample collection, the sample containers will be
12

Smokey Mountain Petroleum Site - Brownfields Environmental Assessment Work Plan
Brownfields Project #26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
labeled, placed in a cooler with ice, and delivered to Pace for laboratory analysis. A COC
document will be utilized throughout the collection and transportation of the samples. Additionally,
since VOCs are being analyzed, a trip blank sample will be included in the cooler and analyzed
for VOCs by EPA Method 8260.
5.4 Groundwater Samples
A duplicate groundwater sample will also be collected into laboratory supplied, pre -preserved
containers. The sample will be submitted for analysis of RCRA 8-Metals by EPA Method
6020/7470. Following sample collection, the sample container will be labeled, placed in a cooler
with ice, and delivered to Pace for laboratory analysis. A COC document will be utilized throughout
the collection and transportation of the samples.
5.5 Exterior Soil Gas Samples
Each Summa canister will be batch certified for the exterior soil gas samples. One duplicate
exterior soil gas sample will be collected for laboratory analysis of VOCs including naphthalene
by EPA Method TO-15 utilizing a sampling "T". Following sample collection, the sample containers
will be labeled, and delivered or shipped to the laboratory for analysis. A COC document will be
utilized throughout the collection and transportation of the samples.
6.0 INVESTIGATION DERIVED WASTE MANAGEMENT
The investigative derived waste (IDW) expected to be generated includes soil from the soil sampling
borings, as well as the borings for the exterior soil gas sampling point installations, and groundwater
from the monitoring wells. The soils generated will either be placed back into the various soil
borings or spread onsite in the vicinity of the boring locations. IDW generated from the
construction, development, and sampling of monitoring wells (i.e., soil cuttings, development
water, and purge water) will be managed in general accordance with NCDEQ-DWM-IHSB
Program's Guidelines for Assessment and Cleanup of Contaminated Sites (September 2022).
IDW will be placed onsite in the vicinity of the monitoring well location, unless impacts are
apparent based on field observations (i.e., visual and/or olfactory senses or elevated PID/FID
readings), in which case these materials will be containerized. Based on groundwater data from
previous assessments, ECS anticipates that groundwater IDW can be pumped to the ground
surface in the area of the monitoring well from which it came from.
7.0 REPORTING
ECS will prepare a written report documenting the field activities, sampling procedures, laboratory
analytical results, conclusions, and recommendations for submission to the BRS. The report will
include sample location figures; soil, sediment, surface water, groundwater and soil gas sample
result summary tables; and copies of the North Carolina certified laboratory analytical reports.
Results will also be input into the Division of Waste Management risk calculator and comparted
to Residential risk scenarios. Field sampling forms, soil boring logs, well construction records and
field screening calibration documentation will also be included as additional information located
in Appendices to the report. The final report will include ECS' Licensed Geologist/Engineering
Firm number and bear the seal of the certifying North Carolina Licensed Geologist or Professional
Engineer.
13

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Topographic Map
Smokey Mountain Petroleum
N 456-466 Swannanoa River Road
Asheville, Buncombe County, NC. 26090
Brownfields Project No. 26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3

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Figure 2
Historic Sample Locations
Smokey Mountain Petroleum
N 456-466 Swannanoa River Road
Asheville, Buncombe County, NC. 26090
Brownfields Project No. 26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3

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Smokey Mountain Petroleum
N 456-466 Swannanoa River Road
Asheville, Buncombe County, NC. 26090
Brownfields Project No. 26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3

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\ u\ SG-11 rya SG-13-BUi1diri� l HARDWOOD I2"
\ ALDI LLC
D°_ PIN \/ PS 192/PG 169US 36471PG 59B
Former Gasoline Dispensers
Bl
� � ZaNL e• • �
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APPROXIMATE EASEMENT \ 'Zy $b y\4cA \ \ SYCAMORE 4"
SHOWN ON PS 104/PG 69 \ .yam `f v a F \ 'TEEN • ,
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9 "I �l Former USTs BORE B15 SYCAMORE 5• HARD W000 6'E
\ ZONE A
Y BIRCH 5" "
IDY- Residential 'q\ REAI_r
ZONE X 99999 G
\ 1" BAR PIN 965853 LEGEND
6puN0 \
q�rF 9 \\ \ BUNCOMBE C
°"���" \\�� Proposed Soil Gas Sample
SIGN i
ZONE BORE B-t
SYCAMORE 26'
SWANNANOA RIVER
BORE B40ECS
ROAD U-C
PIN 9658546060
OR1861/PG 457
70 FOOT WID P&L EASEMENT
IDS 895 255 SYCAMORE 5
E%CEP
110
000,
HARDWOOD 5'
i
O
12 FOOT WIDE
PSNC EASEMENT
\ \
DA 3706/PG 245 OCr \
EXCEP710N 9 �. \
�r
PROPOSED 12 FOOT R�
RIGHT-OF-WAY
.a 3550/PG 37D 0"
ON e
Conceptual Building Layout Source: Architectural Site Plan, Date (Incomplete), by John M. Haytas
Survey Source: ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey, Stamped December 27, 2022, by Ed Holmes & Associates
Aerial Photo Source: Date, November 2020, by Google Earth
BAR
Wq�\
E-.U
SYCAMORE 4"
CAMORE 12"
POSTOOD 10"
3 HARDWOOD 8"
SYCAMORE 16"
WDoo ALDI
VAULT
Figure 4
Proposed Soil Gas Sample Locations
Smokey Mountain Petroleum
N 456-466 Swannanoa River Road
Asheville, Buncombe County, NC. 26090
Brownfields Project No. 26090-22-011
ECS Project No. 49-13699-E3
Scale
0 35 70
1 inch =70 ft.

TABLE

TABLE 1 - PROPOSED SAMPLE LOCATIONS & ANALYSIS
SMOKEY MOUNTAIN PETROLEUM
BROWNFIELDS PROJECT ID.: 26090-22.011
ECS PROJECT NO. 49-13669-E3
Sample Media
Laboratory Analysis & Analytical Method
Proposed Boring Depth
VOCs SVOCs RCRA Metals T Cr VI Hardness
Composite Soil Samples
S8-11
NA
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
SB-12
NA
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
SB-13
NA
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
SB-14
NA
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
SB-15
NA
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
To approximate groundwater
table
SB-16
NA
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
To approximate groundwater
table
Discrete Soil Samples
B-11G
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
B-12G
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
B-13G
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
B-14G
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
To approximate groundwater
table*
B-15G
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
To approximate groundwater
table
B-16G
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
To approximate groundwater
table
Sediment Sam le
SED-1 8260D 8270E 6020C/7471 7199A NA NA
Surface Water Sample
SW-1 8260D 8270E 6020C/7470 NA 200.7 NA
Groundwater Samples
MW-1
NA
NA
6020C/7470
NA
NA
NA
MW-2
NA
NA
6020C/7470
NA
NA
NA
MW-3
NA
NA
6020C/7470
NA
NA
NA
Soil Gas Samples
SG-9
TO-15
NA
NA
NA
NA
4 Feet
SG-10
TO-15
NA
NA
NA
NA
4 Feet
SGA 1
TO-15
NA
NA
NA
NA
4 Feet
SC-12
TO-15
NA
NA
NA
NA
4 Feet
SG-13
TO-15
NA
NA
NA
NA
4 Feet
Quality Assurance Samples
DUP-1 (soil)
NA
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
NA
DUP-2 (soil)
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
DUP-3 (soil gas)
TO-15
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
DUP-4(sediment)
8260D
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
NA
DUP-5 (surface water)
8260D
8270E
6020C/7470
NA
200.7
NA
DUP-6 (groundwater)
NA
NA
6020C/7470
NA
NA
NA
EQUIP BLANK 1 (groundwater)
NA
NA
6020C/7470
NA
NA
NA
EQUIP BLANK 2 (soils)
8260D
8270E
6020C/7471
7199A
NA
NA
TB (trip blank soils)
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
TB (trip blank sediment)
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
TB(trip blank surface water
8260D
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Notes:
*Groundwater estimated to be 6 to 8 feet below ground surface (bgs) in this area (TW-6 was previously measured at 6.56' bgs)
VOCs = Volatile Organic Compounds
SVOCs = Semi -Volatile Organic Compounds
RCRA = Resource Conservation & Recovery Act
Cr VI = Hexavalent Chromium
NA = Not Analyzed for the analysis

APPENDIX A
Historical Sample location Figures and laboratory
Analytical Data Tables

70
1. Piney Mtn -
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N
SOURCE:
��� USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
ASHEVILLE OTEEN, NORTH CAROLINA
QUADRANGLE DATED 2019
SCALE: 1:24,000
SITE
0
A
I 1 TM
-/S
t
x a -rarKv
a - ASIle e Re re ign fore
Park A ke I!
U
SLUE RIDGE',,•
Gaylie5�-- , PAR ',WAY
FIGURE 1
SITE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
GOVERNORS VIEW ROAD
ASHEVILLE, BUNCOMBE COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
ECS PROJECT NO. 49:13699-D

ti .r
qr�,_ �•
• r• 5;go
•� ,1
e
f �- {IL aa,,
r ~ �
�' �• _
-� FORMER SB-2
• BUILDINGS r 1• ..�
S13-5
ej
+ • r- SB-3 _
1 r• i FORMER
•• r~ 4,000-GALLON
I TW_1 ASTs
' - - SB-4
SB-10 _ -
i
TW-2 ' ti
TW-5 SB-9 i
�•' SB-7 �* Or
r FORMER
TW-4 SB-1 r- GASOLINE ,
..�• DISPENSERS R•••
SB-6 +
- z SB-8 • -
FORMER _ •`•
r a
20,000-GALLON FORMER TW-6 •• ••
ASTs LOADING
AREA • 1
r
TW-3
' FORMER USTs
(previously assessed)
-loI�r
. i
LEGEND
N
APPROXIMATE GROUNDWATER SAMPLE LOCATION
® APPROXIMATE SOIL SAMPLE LOCATION wg
APPROXIMATE SITE BOUNDARY
FIGURE 2
SOURCE: SAMPLE LOCATION MAP
GOOGLE EARTH, DATED 2020 GOVERNORS VIEW ROAD
ASHEVILLE, BUNCOMBE COUNTY,
SCALE: NORTH CAROLINA
= 100 FEET ECS PROJECT NO. 49:13699-D
TM

Table 1
Summary of PID Readings
Governors View Road Soil and Groundwater Assessment
Governors View Road
Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina
ECS Project No.: 49:13699-D
Sample ID
Sample Depth
(ft bgs)
PID Reading (ppm)
0.0-1.0
0.3
1.0-2.0
6.9
2.0-3.0
126
SB-1
3.0-4.0
131
4.0-5.0
127
5.0-7.5
95
0.0-1.0
0.0
1.0-2.0
6.5
5B-2
2.0-3.0
0.5
3.0-4.0
0.0
4.0-5.0
0.1
0.0-1.0
0.5
1.0-2.0
4.5
5B-3
2.0-3.0
1.5
3.0-4.0
1.1
4.0-5.0
0.8
0.0-1.0
7.8
1.0-2.0
0.9
5B-4
2.0-3.0
0.2
3.0-4.0
0.1
4.0-5.0
0.3
0.0-1.0
0.1
1.0-2.0
0.1
5B-5
2.0-3.0
0.3
3.0-4.0
4.2
4.0-5.0
6.3
0.0-1.0
2.3
1.0-2.0
0.7
5B-6
2.0-3.0
0.0
3.0-4.0
0.0
4.0-5.0
0.0
0.0-1.0
0.3
1.0-2.0
0.5
SB-7
2.0-3.0
0.7
3.0-4.0
3.5
4.0-5.0
1.1
0.0-1.0
0.4
1.0-2.0
2.9
5B-8
2.0-3.0
0.8
3.0-4.0
4.5
4.0-5.0
0.6
0.0-1.0
0.7
1.0-2.0
0.4
SB-9
2.0-3.0
3.2
3.0-4.0
8.1
4.0-5.0
16.4
0.0-1.0
0
1.0-2.0
0.1
SB-10
2.0-3.0
0.5
3.0-4.0
0.3
4.0-5.0
6.8
Notes
PID = photoicnization detector
ppm = parts per million
ft bgs = feet below the ground surface
Bold intervals were selected for analysis

Table 2
Summary of Soil Analytical Results
Governors View Road Soil and Groundwater Assessment
Governors View Road
Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina
ECS Project No.: 49:13699-D
VOCs by
EPA Method
8260
Notes:
Results presented in milligrams per kilograms (mg/kg)
Targeted Compounds not shown were not detected above laboratory reporting limits
MSCCs = Maximum Soil Contaminant Concentration Levels (March 2022)
VOCs = Volatile Organic Compounds
SVOCs = Semi -Volatile Organic Compounds
J = Estimated concentration detected between laboratory method detection limit and reporting limit

Table 3
Summary of Groundwater Analytical Results
Governors View Road Soil and Groundwater Assessment
Governors View Road
Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina
ECS Project No.: 49:13699-D
VOCs
by EPA
Method 8260
SVOCs
by EPA
Method 8270
U
0
c
c
U
0
Sample ID
Sample Date
c
W
Z
X
C
UJ
UJ
Z
C
E
6
TW-1
03/14/22
<0.34
<0.30
<0.64
<0.48
<0.34
BMDL
<1.7
<1.6
<1.7
BMDL
TW-2
<0.34
<0.30
<0.64
<0.48
<0.34
BMDL
<1.7
<1.6
<1.7
BMDL
TW-3
<0.34
<0.30
<0.64
<0.48
<0.34
BMDL
-1.7
<1.6
<1.7
BMDL
TW-4
<0.34
<0.30
<0.64
<0.48
<0.48
BMDL
12.7
2.81
<2.1
BMDL
TW-5
<14
2.0J
301
BMDL
55.7
102
BMDL
TW-6
5.1
193
307
<2.4
BMDL
70.3
126
BMDL
NC2LGWQ5
1
600
6
600
500
Various
1
30
6
Gross Contimantion Levels for Groundwater
5,000
8,000
6,000
260,000
50,000
Various
1,000
12,000
6,000
Residential Groundwater VISL
1.6
3.5
4.6
3,800
77
Various
NA
NA
5
Non -Residential Groundwater VISL
6.9
15
1 20
16,000
320
Various
NA
NA
20
Notes:
Results presented in milligrams per kilograms (ug/L)
BMDL= Below Method Detection Limit
Targeted Compounds not shown were not detected above laboratory method detection limits
VOCs = Volatile Organic Compounds
SVOCs = Semi -Volatile Organic Compounds
NC2LGWQS = North Carolina 2L Groundwater Quality Standards
Residential Groundwater VISL = NCDEQ Residential Groundwater Vapor Intrusion Screening Level (January 2022)
Non -Residential Groundwater VISL = NCDEQ Non -Residential Groundwater Vapor Intrusion Screening Level (January 2022)
Bold = Concentration exceeeds NC2LGWQS
Light Shaded Cell = Concentration Exceeds Residential Groundwater VISL
Dark Shaded Cell = Concentration Exceeds both Residential and Non -Residential Groundwater VISLs

70
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SITE
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t
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Park b ke
ICJ
BLUE RIDGE f,
Gaylies "PARKWAY
` /
r•..
+Greek.' 10 w�,G wml,./
N
wF SOURCE: FIGURE 1
SITE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
S �
USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP GOVERNORS VIEW ROAD
ASHEVILLE OTEEN, NORTH CAROLINA ASHEVILLE, BUNCOMBE COUNTY,
QUADRANGLE DATED 2019 NORTH CAROLINA
SCALE: 1:24,000 ECS PROJECT NO. 49:13699-F
TM

S1EEL F .fir r f
SWAMANCA BRIER ilApbwom { a
f
1
F]G-` f 4 GCS Pri, 965854606C
' � 1w AF}�f'G 451 ,•fib
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s 1
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� �4 Jjj/ SG-7 � ■ �� f � nn� �e
U . i 1
17iA
HARD
' r BORE A13
L gcy'yrj r '4'RDw= 7, Yx
- /
4 �I SYCAmORE 9"
N` AYCAMORE
�j
a QDS 4
1 , ul }
SG-1 ■ SYGaMCRE WMIN'.7D 6
SG-2
f } f ( of
•� QB $gSf G ]R6 'AM, s+5
12'
\ At 4
X S]f PTL�'i 6 VY6:]43 20SY
\
dl!l NIL
Lpp
• ,� \ },'\f
�7
LEGEND
N
• APPROXIMATE SOIL GAS SAMPLE LOCATION APPROXIMATE SOIL GAS SAMPLE LOCATION
APPROXIMATE PROPOSED BUILDING BOUNDARY THAT WAS UNABLE TO BE COLLECTED s
SAMPLE LOCATION MAP
SOURCE: GOVERNORS VIEW ROAD
GOOGLE EARTH, DATED 2020 ASHEVILLE, BUNCOMBE COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
ECS PROJECT NO. 49:13699-F
T��

TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF LEAK TESTING RESULTS
FORMER SMOKEY MOUNTAIN PETROLEUM COMPANY SITE
21 AND 99999 GOVERNORS VIEW ROAD
ASHEVILLE, BUNCOMBE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
ECS PROJECT NO. 49-13699-F
Sample ID
Helium Concentration in
Shroud (%)
Helium Concentration in
Shroud (ppm)
Helium Readings from
Sample Train (ppm)
1 2 3
1
2
3
1
2
3
SG-1
3.4
3.6
3.1
34,000
36,000
31,000
0
0
0
SG-2
3.2
4.2
4.1
32,000
42,000
41,000
0
0
0
SG-3
4.8
3.2
4.8
48,000
32,000
48,000
0
0
0
SG-7
4.4
3.6
3.1
44,000
36,000
31,000
0
0
0
SG-8
3.8
3.5
3.6
38,000
35,000
36,000
0
0
0
Notes:
ppm = parts per million

Table 2
SUMMARY OF SOIL GAS ANALYTICAL RESULTS
FORMER SMOKEY MOUNTAIN PETROLEUM COMPANY SITE
21 AND 99999 GOVERNORS VIEW ROAD
ASHEVILLE, BUNCOMBE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
ECS PROJECT NO.: 49:13699-F
PARAMETER
ANALYTICAL RESULTS (µg/m3)
RESIDENTIAL VISL
NON-RESIDENTIAL VISL
Sample ID
SG-1
SG-2
SG-3
SG-7
SG-8
Initial Sample Vaccum Reading (in Hg)
-27
-29
-29
-26
-26
Final Sample Vaccum Reading (in Hg)
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
Sample Date
01/23/23
01/20/23
01/20/23
01/20/23
01/20/23
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by EPA TO-15
Acetone
9.98
172
<139
<1.39
6.06
NS
NS
Benzene
<0.228
<0.228
<22.8
2.46
4.98
12
160
1,3-Butadiene
<0.230
<0.230
<23.0
<0.230
4.00 J
3.1
41
Carbon Disulfide
<0.317
5.82
<31.7
<0.317
0.520 J
4,900
61,000
Chloromethane
<0.213
0.609
<21.3
<0.213
0.213
630
7,900
yclohexane
<0.259
12.9
406
36.2
0.300 J
42,000
530,000
thanol
18.3
17.2
4,530
<0.500
49.0
NS
NS
thylbenzene
IE
<0.362
<0.362
<36.2
1.98
0.702 J
37
490
-Ethyltoluene
'0.384
<0.384
<38.4
0.416 J
0.594 J
NS
NS
Trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 12)
0.815 J
<0.460
<46.0
,0.460
1.21
NS
NS
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1.16
<0.678
<67.8
<0.678
5.00
700
8,800
Heptane (Heptane, N-)
0.765 J
<0.425
<42.5
34.0
1.19
2,800
35,000
n-Hexane
'0.726
24.5
1,330
49.4
2.24
4,900
61,000
Methylene Chloride
0.472 J
<0.340
<0.340
0.358 J
3,400
53,000
2-Butanone (MEK)
0.793 J
42.2
127 J
<0.240
0.837 J
35,000
440,000
2-Propanol (Isopropanol)
1.64 J
17.8
10,500
<0.649
3.52
1,400
18,000
Propylene (Propene)
<0.160
176
<16.0
<0.160
22.6
21,000
260,000
Tetrachloroethene (Tetrachloroethylene)
<0.553
<0.553 ___ZMF<551EEff
36.1
2.29
280
3,500
Toluene
1.64 J
15.0
<32.8
13.2
5.05
35,000
440,000
1,2,4-Trimethyl benzene
<0.375
<0.375
<37.5
1.28
0.422 J
420
5,300
1,3,5 -Trimethyl benzene
'0.382
<0.382
<38.2
0.486 J
:0.382
420
5,300
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
0.920 J
18,200
13,000
1.83
NS
NS
m,p-Xylene
0.585
<0.5K
59.0 J
7.20
2.29
700
8,800
o-Xylene
<0.359
<0.359
2.68
0.767 J
700
8,800
Notes:
Results presented in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3)
in Hg = Inches of mercury
Residential VISL = NCDEQ-DWM Residential Vapor Instrusion Screening Level (VISL) Indoor Exterior and Sub -Slab Screening Level (January 2023)
Non -Residential VISL = NCDEQ-DWM Non -Residential Vapor Instrusion Screening Level (VISL) Indoor Exterior and Sub -Slab Screening Level (January 2023)
<0.160 = Concentration not detected above its laboratory method detection limit
NS = No Standard Established
J = Estimated concentration detected between laboratory method detection limit and reporting limit
VALUE Concentration reported above Method Detection Limit (MDL)
VALUE Concentration reported above Residential VISL
VALUE Concentration input into risk calculator as worst case scenario
Page 2 of 2