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Home My WebLink AboutWS-96272_96937_CA_IAR_20230131 P.O. Box 16265 • Greensboro, NC 27416 503 Industrial Ave • Greensboro, NC 27406 Phone (336)335-3174 • Fax (336)691-0648 • Toll Free (866)545-9507 Email: Info@pyramidenvironmental.com www.pyramidenvironmental.com January 31, 2023 Mr. Cameron Clubb Buck’s Wrecker Service 5007 Ball Park Road Thomasville, NC 27360 Email : wbclubb11@gmail.com RE: Spill Cleanup Report / Initial Assessment Report Highway I‐85 South (Exit 84) near Linwood, Davidson County, NC 27299 Spill Location: N. Lat. 35.739756°/ W. Long ‐80.365408° Responsible Party: NBX Logistics, Inc. 9555 Armelle Way Jacksonville, FL 32257‐8897 NCDEQ Incident # Pending Pyramid #2023‐027 Mr. Clubb: As requested by Buck’s Wrecker Service, Pyramid Environmental and Engineering, P.C., (Pyramid) has completed the environmental services for the diesel fuel spill cleanup on the side of I‐85 south near exit 84 in Linwood, Randolph County, North Carolina. The work included soil screening, contaminated soil excavation supervision, soil sampling, laboratory analyses for petroleum, regulatory and data evaluation, and spill cleanup reporting 1.0 Tractor Trailer Accident On the afternoon of January 17, 2022 a box truck carrying Pine Glo cleaning products swerved into a guardrail and then off the side of I‐85 Southbound near Exit 84. The truck flipped over spilling the contents releasing approximately 50 gallons of diesel fuel. During the accident approximately 400 gallons of Pine Glo Ocean Antibacterial & Disinfectant Cleaner was spilled. The majority of the spilled diesel fuel collected in a ditch on the northwest side of I‐85 south. The affected area was an elongated area between the ditch and the road which measured approximately 102 feet long and 10 to 20 feet wide. The location of the spill is shown on the figures included in Attachment A. Buck’s Wrecker Services – Spill Cleanup on I‐85 South Near Exit 84, Linwood, NC page 2 Pyramid Environmental Project # 2023‐027 Jan. 31, 2023 2.0 Spill Cleanup Planning On January 17, 2023, Buck’s Wrecker Services responded to the accident and immediately removed the box truck, cleaned the road surface, and applied granular petroleum absorbent material to the spill along the shoulder of the road. On January 17, 2023 Buck’s Wrecker Services contacted Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. (Pyramid) to provide environmental services including soil screening, soil sampling, laboratory analyses of soil, and spill cleanup reporting. The wreck occurred on a Tuesday afternoon, and the NCDOT would not approve a lane closure for I‐85 south the same day. Buck’s arranged the lane closure for 9:00 am on January 18, 2023 to allow cleanup work on the side of the road in I‐85 southbound near Exit 84. At 8:00 on January 18, 2023, Pyramid mobilized to the site to assess the extent of the spill area and help Buck’s excavate the contaminated soil at the site. Buck’s Wrecker Service arranged for the roll‐off containers, the lane closure, and provided the equipment for the soil excavation. Pyramid screened soils in the spill area to determine the boundaries of the spill and collected soil samples for laboratory analyses. The petroleum analyses were completed using Ultraviolet Fluorescence (UVF) analyses at RedLab, in Wilmington, NC. 3.0 Spill Excavation, Soil Sampling, & Soil Analytical Results On January 18, 2023, Buck’s Wrecker Service and Pyramid coordinated to excavate the petroleum contaminated soil. The contaminated soil in the spill area was excavated and loaded into three roll‐off containers. The soil was sent to AES of NC, LLC disposal facility in Thomasville, NC for treatment and disposal. Selected photos taken before and during the spill cleanup activities are included in Attachment B. The following tasks were performed before and during the excavation of contaminated soil:  Prior to start of work, Buck’s Wrecker Services coordinated emergency utility locating and traffic control (lane closure) activities. Most of the spill was located in a ditch near the side of the road. Photos of the spill area on the side of the road on I‐85 southbound are shown on the photos included in Attachment B.  Pyramid screened the surface soils in the visibly stained area and determined the aerial extent of the petroleum impacts to surficial soils in the spill area. A copy of the Standard Procedures used by Pyramid is include in Attachment C. Buck’s Wrecker Services – Spill Cleanup on I‐85 South Near Exit 84, Linwood, NC page 3 Pyramid Environmental Project # 2023‐027 Jan. 31, 2023  Pyramid collected three pre‐excavation soil samples (Spill Composite Sample/Disposal Sample – DS‐1 DS‐2 and DS‐3) from the most contaminated areas of the spill. DS‐1 was saturated with Pine Glo. The analytical results for sample DS‐1 through DS‐3 detected high concentrations of diesel range organics (DRO) of 4332 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and elevated concentrations of gasoline range organics (GRO) of 2,750 mg/kg. Copies of the RedLab laboratory report and associated chain‐of‐custody form are included in Attachment D.  The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) initial cleanup action levels are 50 mg/kg for GRO and 100 mg/kg for DRO. Pyramid personnel collected soil samples for field screening using a calibrated Photoionization Detector (PID) as the excavation proceeded. The field screening was used to guide the excavation width, length, and depth.  The soil near the roadway and in the dich was hard packed in most areas and the diesel spill did not soak in beyond a depth of 6‐10 inches.  The contaminated soils were removed first from the wreck site, where most of the petroleum spill occurred. The soil was removed to a depth of about 8‐inches over most of the area, and to a depth of 12 inches where the truck flipped over.  On January 18, 2023, three roll‐of containers were loaded with approximately 29.51 tons of petroleum contaminated soil from the spill area. The soil was contained and covered in the lined roll‐off containers. The soil was initially staged by Buck’s Wrecker Service pending laboratory analyses.  After completion of the contaminated soil excavation, soil samples were collected from the limits of the excavation and screened with the PID. The soil sample PID screening results for the post‐excavation samples ranged from 0.7 to 2.0 ppm.  The majority of the post‐excavation soil samples were collected from the center of the excavation, which was between 6‐inches and 10 inches deep. The names and locations of soil samples are shown in Figure #2 in Attachment A. A summary of the GRO and DRO soil sample analytical results are provided in Table 1 below. Buck’s Wrecker Services – Spill Cleanup on I‐85 South Near Exit 84, Linwood, NC page 4 Pyramid Environmental Project # 2023‐027 Jan. 31, 2023 Table 1 UVF Analytical Results Sampling Date Sample ID Sample Depth (below land surface) Sample PID Reading GRO [mg/kg] DRO [mg/kg] 01/18/23 DS‐1 (Pine Glo) pre‐excavation sample Composite (Pine Glo) 14 ppm <0.39 0.91 01/18/23 DS‐2 pre‐excavation sample Composite (Diesel) 110 ppm 2750 4332 01/18/23 DS‐3 pre‐excavation sample Composite (Diesel) 230 ppm 1538 2721 01/18/23 SS1 6 in. 0.7 ppm <0.58 0.58 01/18/23 SS2 6 in. 1.6 ppm <0.31 <0.31 01/18/23 SS3 6 in. 1.3 ppm <0.3 2.1 01/18/23 SS4 6 in. 0.9 ppm <0.33 <0.33 01/18/23 SS5 6 in. 0.9 ppm <0.31 0.31 01/18/23 SS6 6 in. 2.0 ppm <0.36 <0.36 01/18/23 SS7 6 in. 1.2 ppm <0.35 <0.35 01/18/23 SS8 10 in. 1.0 ppm <0.32 <0.32 01/18/23 SS9 6 in. 1.3 ppm <0.31 <0.31 01/18/23 SS10 6 in. 0.6 ppm <0.29 <0.29 01/18/23 SS11 6 in. 1.2 ppm <0.3 <0.3 01/18/23 SS12 6 in. 1.1 ppm <0.28 0.36 01/18/23 SS13 6 in. 1.0 ppm <0.31 1.9 01/18/23 SS14 6 in. 1.1 ppm <0.29 0.68 NCDEQ Cleanup Levels [mg/kg] 50 100 * ppm = parts per million * mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram  The soil analytical results for DRO concentrations for all post‐excavation samples are below 2.1 mg/kg, which is below the NCDEQ Action Level of 100 mg/kg for diesel range organics in soil.  The soil analytical results for GRO concentrations for all post‐excavation samples are below <0.58 mg/kg, which is below the NCDEQ Action Level of 50 mg/kg for gasoline range organics in soil. Buck’s Wrecker Services – Spill Cleanup on I‐85 South Near Exit 84, Linwood, NC page 6 Pyramid Environmental Project # 2023‐027 Jan. 31, 2023 Attachments: Attachment A: Figures Attachment B: Selected Photos of the Cleanup Attachment C: Standard Procedures Attachment D: RedLab Analytical Report Attachment E: Notification of Discharge Documents ‐ UST‐62 Form Attachment F: AES Waste Disposal Documents AttachmentA %BWJETPO 6RXWKPRQW1& 1$ ,6SLOO1HDU([W/LQZRRG1RUWK&DUROLQD %XFN V:UHFNHU6HUYLFH 1RUWK &DUROLQD/LQZRRG ,QHDU([W 7RSRJUDSKLF 0DS 0*- %'0 Spill Location SS-1SS-3SS-6SS-7SS-8SS-9SS-10SS-11SS-12SS-13SS-14SS-5SS-4SS-2Approximate Location of Fiber Optic CableFigure 2Sample Location Map Linwood Pine Glo Spill Linwood, NCApproximate Spill Area AttachmentB AttachmentC StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page1 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 Standard Field Procedures Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. ________________________________________________________________________ 1.0 Equipment Decontamination Equipmentdecontaminationisessentialtoassurerepresentativeenvironmentalsamples arecollectedandtoeliminatethepotentialforcrossͲcontaminationbetweensamplepoints. Pyramidstrivestocleanallfieldequipmentpriortoleavingtheoffice;however,field decontaminationisstillrequiredonmostprojects.Theproceduresfordecontaminationof waterlevelprobes,handaugers,samplingprobes,trowels,andotherfieldequipmentare listedbelow. 1.1 EPA Region IV Decontamination Procedures Drillingandsoilsamplingequipmentisdecontaminatedpriortoeachuseusingapressure washerorsteamcleaner.Reusablesamplingequipment(handaugers,samplingprobes, trowels,splitspoonsamplers,watersamplingequipment,etc.…)aredecontaminatedusing thegeneralproceduredescribedbelow.x WashwithnonͲphosphatedetergent,water,&brushtoremoveparticulatematter x Rinsewithtapwater x Rinsewith10percentnitricacidsolution(onlyifsamplingformetals) x RinsewithdeͲionizedwater x RinsewithpesticideͲgradeisopropylalcohol x RinsewithdeͲionizedwater x AirͲdryaslongaspossible Thelevelofdecontaminationusedisappropriatetotheanalyticalparametersselectedand thematerialofthesamplingdevicebeingusedforsampling.Forexample,ifmetalsanalyses arerequired,thenthe10%nitricacidsolutionisusedfordecontaminationofstainlessͲsteel equipment.PyramidusesdeͲionizedordistilledwaterfordecontamination.Equipmentthat isnotusedimmediatelyafterdecontaminationiswrappedinaluminumfoilpriortostorage. 2.0 Soil Borings & Sampling 2.1 Soil Borings SoilboringsareusedbyPyramidtoinvestigateandcharacterizethesubsurfaceatsites. Soilboringsprovideinformationconcerningsoiltypesanddensity,depthtorefusal,depth tobedrock,organicvaporsthatmaybepresent,andcanbeusedtoobtainsamplesfor laboratoryanalysis. StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page2 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 Pyramidconductsboringsinseveraldifferentways,usinghandaugers,directͲpush equipment(Geoprobe),sampleprobes,splitͲspoonsamplers(ASTMD1586Ͳ84),auger drilling,airdrilling,andVibroͲCore.ThefollowingproceduresareusedbyPyramid Environmentalwhenperformingsoilborings: 1. Soilboringlocationsarechosen,andtheULOCOutilitylocatingserviceiscalledto markallpublicutilities.Pyramidlocatesprivateutilitiesatmanyprojectsitesusing Pyramidlocatingequipment,orusesaprivateutilitylocatingservice. 2. Downholedrillingequipmentiscleanedpriortouseandbetweenboringsusing pressurewashingorsteamcleaning.Additionaldecontaminationproceduresin Section1.1areusedforsamplingtoolssuchassplitspoonsordirectͲpushpoints. 3. SoilboringsareadvancedusingdirectͲpush,drillingrigs,handaugers,orother appropriatemeans.NearͲsurfacesoilsamplesmayalsobecollectedusingstainless steelpushprobes,shovels,scoops,orothersamplingdevices. 4. Soilsamplesarenormallycollectedataminimumof5Ͳfootintervals.Eachsampleis dividedintotwoparts.Soilsamplesforlaboratoryanalysesarejarredfromtheinitial samplevolume.Theremainingsoilisstoredinasealedcontainerforheadspace analysisandgeologicaldescription. 5. Afterscreeningthesoilwiththefieldinstruments,eachsoilsampleisdescribedby thefieldgeologistandageologicdescriptionisrecordedinprojectdocumentation. 6. Soilsaretypicallydescribedinthefieldbytheprojectgeologistorsoilscientistand areclassifiedaccordingtotheUnifiedSoilClassificationSystem(ASTMD2488Ͳ84). 7. Soilsamplesselectedforlaboratoryanalysisareplacedinproperlyprepared, laboratorysuppliedcontainersandimmediatelypackedinacooleronice.Sample custodyismaintainedusingstandardchainͲofͲcustody(COC)proceduresthrough deliverytotheanalyticallaboratory. 8. Soilborings,whicharenotcompletedasmonitoringwells,aregroutedusinga Portlandcement,bentonite,orbackfilledwithsoilcuttings. 9. Soilcuttingsaregenerallyspreadnearthesoilboringormonitoringwelllocationas directedbyStateregulatorymanagers.Drillcuttingsaredrummed(containerized) wheresiteconditionsorregulatoryrequirementsprohibitspreadingcuttings,and aredisposedoffͲsite(afterwastedeterminationismade). StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page3 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 2.2 Soil Headspace Screening Soilsamplesareroutinelyscreenedforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)whichmaybean indicationoforganicorpetroleumhydrocarboncontamination.Thetypicalscreening procedureincludesimmediatelytransferringthesoilfromthesamplingdevicestoasealed container(sealed1ͲgallonZiplockplasticbag).Thesoilcontainerisfilledapproximately halfwaywithsoilandsealed.ThiscreatesheadspaceabovethesoilinwhichVOCsmay accumulate.Thecontainerisallowedtostandfor5to15minutesfortheVOCstoequilibrate intheheadspaceofthecontainer.Theheadspaceofthecontaineristhenscreenedusinga calibratedorganicvaporanalyzer(PIDorFID).Thescreeningisconductedbycrackingthe sealonlyenoughtoallowinsertionoftheprobeintotheheadspacesoasnottodilutethe sample.Inmostcaseswherethecontaminantofconcernincludesvolatileorganics,the highestor“Peak“fieldͲscreeningresultisdocumentedforeachsample.Thesoilsamples showingthehighestreadingfromeachboringaretypicallyselectedforlaboratoryanalysis. 2.3 Soil Sample Collection for Laboratory Analysis Afterthetargeteddepthhasbeenreached,soilsamplesarecollectedusingavarietyof samplingdevices.SoilsampledevicesusedincludesplitͲspoons,stainlessͲsteelhandaugers, stainlessͲsteelpushͲprobesandsamplingscoops,anddirectlyfromthecenterofthe excavatorbucket.Thesampletechnicianusesdisposablenitrilegloves,whicharechanged betweensamplestoavoidcrossͲcontaminationofsamples,andeachsamplingdeviceis decontaminatedpriortouse. Onlylaboratoryprovidedcontainersareusedforsamplecollection.Samplesarecollected inaccordancewiththepreservationmethodsrequiredbytherequestedanalyticalmethod. Samplesarehandledaslittleaspossibleandpreservedinthefieldasspecifiedforthe analyticalmethod.Thesamplesarestoredandtransportedtothelaboratoryinaninsulated coolerchilledtoapproximately4degreescentigrade.Thesamplesarelabeledwitha minimumofthefollowinginformation:Pyramid,projectnameornumber,sample identification,datecollected,samplername,andanalysisrequested.Samplecustodyis maintainedusingstandardchainͲofͲcustodyproceduresthroughdeliverytotheanalytical laboratory.Notesofthesamplingeventsarerecordedinprojectdocumentation. Incrementalsamplingmethodology(ISM)isastructuredcompositesamplingand processingprotocolthatreducesdatavariabilityandprovidesareasonablyunbiased estimateofmeancontaminantconcentrationsinavolumeofsoiltargetedforsampling. ISMprovidesrepresentativesamplesofspecificsoilvolumesdefinedasdecisionunits (DUs)bycollectingnumerousincrementsofsoil(typically30–100increments)thatare combined,processed,andsubsampledaccordingtospecificprotocols.ISMSamplingwill befurtherexplainedinasiteͲspecificWorkPlandocuments. PyramidwillcontractanonͲsitelaboratoryforimmediateanalysesasneeded. StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page4 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 2.4 Sediment Sample Collection for Laboratory Analysis Nearsurfacesedimentmaybepresentinasurfacewaterditch,stream,ordryintermittent streambed.Sedimentsamplesaretypicallysoilrelatedsamplesandmaybecollectedwith avarietyofsamplingtools.PyramidwillusestainlessͲsteelsamplerswhichhavebeen decontaminatedaccordingtotheproceduredetailedinsection1.1ofthisdocument.After thesedimentsamplesarecollected,thelocation,depth,conditions,andsample compositionaredocumentedintheprojectrecords.Thesampleswillbescreenedinthe fieldtodetectvolatileorganicvaporsandvisuallyexaminedforcontamination.Sediment sampleswillbepreservedinlaboratorypreparedcontainersinaccordancewithsample preservationrecommendationoftheanalyticallaboratory.Samplesarehandledaslittleas possibleandpreservedinthefieldasspecifiedfortheanalyticalmethod.Thesamplesare storedandtransportedinaninsulatedcoolerchilledtoapproximately4degreescentigrade. Thesamplesarelabeledwithaminimumofthefollowinginformation:Pyramid,project nameornumber,sampleidentification,datecollected,samplername,andanalysis requested.SamplecustodyismaintainedusingstandardchainͲofͲcustodyprocedures throughdeliverytotheanalyticallaboratory.Documentationofthesamplingeventsare recordedintheprojectdocumentation. 3.0 Direct-Push Sampling Procedures DirectͲpushsamplingtechniqueshavebeenusedatmanysitestocollectsoiland groundwatersamplesrapidlyandinexpensively.TrackͲmounted,directͲpushrigscanaccess hardtoreachareasandallowboringsandmonitoringwellstobeinstalled.Forsoilsampling, typically,thedirectͲpushsteeldrivetubeisdecontaminatedusingapressurewasher,anda newplasticsamplelinerisinsertedinthesteeldrivetubetocollectsoilsamples.Thesoil samplesarecollectedinnewpolyethylenesampletubeswithinthesteeldrivetube.Thesoil samplesarethenextractedfromthepolyethylenelinerandpreservedasrequiredfor laboratoryanalysis. Forgroundwatersampling,asteelprobewitharetractablescreensectionandtubingare driventodepthandthescreenedsectionisopenedtoallowgroundwatertoenterthe tubing.ThewatersamplesarewithdrawnusingnewpolyethyleneandTeflon®tubingwith eitheradecontaminatedstainlessͲsteelcheckball,orperistalticpump.Thegroundwater sampleisplaceddirectlyintotheappropriatelaboratorycontainersandsealedimmediately. TopreventcrossͲcontaminationofsamples,newdisposabletubingisusedforeach groundwatersamplepoint.Disposablenitrileglovesarewornbyfieldpersonnelduring developmentandgroundwatersampling,andglovesarechangedbetweensamples. GroundwatersamplingproceduresaredetailedmoreinSection5.0,asappropriateforeach analyticalmethod. StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page5 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 4.0 Monitoring Well Installation Groundwatermonitoringwellsareinstalledinmanysubsurfaceenvironments;Coastal Plain,sedimentary,Piedmontsaprolite,weatheredrockformations,andmountainterrains tolistafew.Formationsencounteredincludeunconsolidatedandconsolidatedsediments, fillmaterial,organicsoils,saproliticsoils,weatheredrockformations,andbedrock. Groundwatermonitoringwellsprovideastablesamplingpointatdiscreteintervalswithin theconfinedorunconfinedaquifers.Monitoringwellsareinstalledforanumberofreasons, andaretypicallyinstalledas1Ͳinch,2Ͳinch,4Ͳinch,or6Ͳinchdiameterwells.Construction maybeofPVC,stainlessͲsteel,HDPE,orotherappropriatematerials.Thefollowing proceduresareusedbyPyramidwhenperformingboringsandmonitoringwellinstallations.x Ifrequired,monitoringwellpermitsareobtainedfromtheState,County,orCity. x Boringandmonitoringwelllocationsarechosen,andutilitiesaremarkedbythe publicutilitylocatingcompany.Asneeded,thelocationsmaybescannedforutilities byPyramidusingourlocatingequipment,oraprivateutilitylocatingcompany. x Inselectingadrillsite,careistakentoavoidoverheadpowerlines,andsubsurface utilitieswheneverpossible. x DownͲholedrillingequipmentisdecontaminatedpriortouseandbetweenborings. x BoringsareadvancedusingdirectͲpush,drillingrigs,handaugers,solidͲstemaugers, hollowͲstemaugers,airrotarydrilling,orairhammerdrilling. x Soilsamplesarenormallycollectedataminimumof5Ͳfootintervals.Eachsampleis dividedintotwoparts.Soilsamplesforlaboratoryanalysesarejarredfromtheinitial samplevolume.Theremainingsoilisstoredinasealedcontainerforheadspace analysiswithanorganicvaporanalyzer(PIDorFID). x Afterscreeningthesoilwiththefieldinstruments,eachsoilsampleisdescribedby thefieldgeologistandageologicdescriptionisrecordedintheproject documentation. TypeIImonitoringwellsareusuallyinstalledusing2Ͳinchdiameterschedule40PVCriser and2Ͳinch,0.010Ͳinchmachineslottedwellscreen.Thescreenedintervallengthvarieswith thegeologicsiteconditions,expectedvariationsinwaterlevel,andtheinvestigationgoals forthewell.Thewellconstructiondetailsarepresentedontheboringlog. TypeIIIwellsareusuallyinstalledasdoubleͲcasedwellstomonitorthedeeperportionsof theaquifer.Thefirstcasingisusuallya5to6ͲinchdiametersolidPVCwellcasingdrilledto bedrockoranappropriatedepthwithinthesurficialzone.The5to6Ͳinchdiametercasing isthensetandgroutedintheborehole.Afterthecementgrouthassetfor12to24Ͳhours, theboreholeiscompletedtothedesireddepthusingairrotarydrillingorairhammer drilling.TheinsidecasingoftheTypeIIImonitoringwellisusuallyconstructedof2Ͳinch diameterSCH40PVCcasingand2ͲinchdiameterSCH40PVC0.010Ͳinchslottedwellscreen. StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page6 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 Inmostapplications,asandfilterpackof#2wellsand(orappropriatelysizedwellsand). Sandistypicallyinstalledtoalevelof2feetabovethetopofthescreenineachwell. Aminimum2Ͳfootthickbentonitesealisusuallyplacedontopofthefilterpackand hydratedwithdeͲionizedordistilledwater.Theremainingannularspaceofatypicalwellis backfilledtogradewithaPortlandcement/bentonitegrout.Inmonitoringwellswherethe watertableisclosetosurface,theamountofsandabovethescreenandbentonitewillbe reducedtoallowforaminimumof2–3feetofcementgroutinthewellbore. Atthesurface,eachwellissecuredwithalockingcapandasteelwellprotector.Depending onthesurfaceconditions,thewellmaybeprotectedbyaflushͲmountedmanholesetinthe surroundingsurfaceinaconcretepad.Insomecases,stickͲupwellprotectorsareusedto securethewellandallowthewelltobemoreeasilylocatedinwoodedoropenareas. Eachgroundwatermonitoringwellisdevelopedbysurging,pumping,orbailingtoremove sedimentbeforesampling.Waterremovedduringdevelopmentismanagedaccordingto individualStateregulatoryguidance. 5.0 Water Sampling Procedures Pyramidreliesonwatersamplingasaprimarymethodforassessmentofsubsurface groundwaterconditions.Watersamplingtypicallyincludessamplinggroundwaterfrom monitoringwells,watersupplywells,surfacewaterbodies,stormwater,wastesumps,etc. Thefollowingprovidestypicalsamplingproceduresforthewatersamples. 5.1 Monitoring Wells Priortosamplingeachmonitoringwell,depthtoliquidand/orliquidsandtotalwelldepth aremeasuredusingaproperlydecontaminatedelectricinterfaceprobe.IfphaseͲseparated petroleumproductisdetectedinawell,theproductmeasurementsarerecordedalongwith thewaterlevelineachwell.Thisinformationisrecordedinthefieldrecordandthevolume ofthewaterinthewellcasingiscalculated.Topurgestagnantwaterfromeachmonitoring well,threetofivewellcasingvolumesofwaterareremovedfromeachwellpriorto sampling.Alternately,forlowͲflowsampling,developmentcontinuesuntilthefield parameters(pH,conductivity,dissolvedoxygen,ORP,andtemperature)havestabilized. Ifthewaterinthemonitoringwellisremoveduntilthewellisdry,thenthewellissampled thereafter.Waterremovedfromwellsduringpurgingismanagedinaccordancewith individualStateregulatoryguidance. Groundwatersamplesaretypicallycollectedusinganewdisposablepolyethylenebailerand anewlengthofnyloncord.TopreventcrossͲcontaminationofsamplesbetweenwells,a newdisposablebailerisusedforeachwell.Thebailerisloweredintothegroundwater StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page7 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 slowlyandremovedslowly.Anewpairofdisposableglovesiswornbyfieldpersonnel duringpurgingandsampling,andischangedbetweenwells.Inthecaseofsmalldiameter monitoringwellsordirectͲpushwatersamples,watersamplesmaybecollectedusinga peristalticpumpandnewpolyethylenetubing.Anothermethodistouseasegmentofnew samplingtubingandastainlessͲsteelcheckballtocreatea“TubeBailer”. Groundwatersamplesselectedforlaboratoryanalysisareimmediatelyplacedinproperly prepared,laboratorysuppliedcontainersandpreservedinacooleronice.Samplesare maintainedunderstandardchainͲofͲcustodyproceduresfromsamplecollectionthrough laboratoryanalysis. 5.2 Water Supply Well Sampling Priortosamplingeachwatersupplywell,thewellowneriscontactedtoprovideaccessto thewell.Thewellownerisinterviewedtolocatethefaucetclosesttothewellforsampling. Iftherearenofaucetslocatedonthewell,thenwaterfromanoutsidefaucetatthebuilding isusuallysampled.Iftherearenooutsidefaucetsavailable,thenthewatersamplesare collectedfromaninsidefaucet.Thelocationofthesampleisrecordedinthefieldrecord. Theownerisinterviewedtoseeifthereisachlorinationsystemonthewell,orifthewell hasbeenrecentlychlorinated.Recentchlorinationcouldaffectthelaboratorydetection limits.Inmostcases,thesamplesarepreservedusingsodiumthiosulfateorascorbicacidto removetheinteractionsofchlorine,whichmaybepresentinthesamples. IfthewellistreatedwithaPointͲofͲEntry(POE)treatmentsystem,thenthe“raw”water samplemustbecollectedbeforethetreatmentsystem.Anassociatedtreatedwatersample isusuallycollectedaswelltodemonstrateeffectivetreatment. Topurgestagnantwaterfromthewatersupplywellsystem,thefaucetisallowedtorunon fullstreamforaminimumof15minutes.Theaeratorisremovedfromthetapifoneis present.Waterremovedfromwellsduringpurgingismanagedaccordingtoregulatory standards. Watersupplywellsamplesarecollectedusingappropriatelaboratorypreparedcontainers foreachanalysis.Theanalyticalmethodsselectedwillvarywiththecontaminantof interest.TopreventcrossͲcontaminationofsamplesbetweenwells,disposablenitrilegloves arewornbyfieldpersonnelduringpurgingandsamplingandarechangedbetweenwells.It ispossiblethatsamplesmayberequiredatseveralplaceswithinthewatersupplysystem. Thesamplesarecollectedaccordinglyandlabeledtoshowthesourceandlocationsampled. Supplywellsamplesselectedforlaboratoryanalysisareimmediatelyplacedinproperly prepared,laboratorysuppliedcontainersandpackedinacooleronice,andchilledto approximately4degreesCelsius.SamplesaremaintainedunderstandardchainͲofͲcustody proceduresfromsamplecollectionthroughlaboratoryanalysis. StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page8 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 5.3 Surface Water Sampling Surfacewatersamplesareobtainedusingseveraltechniquesincludinguseofsample bailers,discretedepthintervalsamples,samplescoops,fromboats,bridges,orwadinginto astream.Cautionshouldalwaysbeusedwhensamplingsurfacewatertoensurethatthe watercollectedisrepresentativeofthesiteconditions.Sincestreamoropenwatersampling istransient,carefuldocumentationofthesiteconditions,weather,surfaceconditions, sediment,algalorbiologicalmaterial,etc.isrequired. Inmanystudies,additionalsamplesfromupstreamanddownstreamofthedesiredsample pointarerequired.SurfacewatersamplingmustbeplannedtoreflectthesiteͲspecific conditionsduringsampling.Thegeneralproceduresaresimilartothesupplywellsampling proceduresdetailedabove.Appropriatelaboratorypreparedcontainersareusedforeach analysis.Theanalyticalmethodsselectedwillvarywiththecontaminantofinterest. TopreventcrossͲcontaminationofsamplesbetweensamples,disposablenitrileglovesare wornbyfieldpersonnelduringpurgingandsamplingandarechangedbetweensamples.It ispossiblethatsamplesmayberequiredatseveralplacesalongthestreamtocheckfor influencesofupͲstreamfacilities.Sampleswillbecollectedaccordinglyandlabeledtoshow thesourceandlocationsampled.Samplewillalwaysbecollectedupstreamofthearea disturbedbythepersonsamplingthestream.Surfacewatersamplesselectedforlaboratory analysisareplacedinproperlyprepared,laboratorysuppliedcontainersandimmediately packedinacooleronice.SamplesaremaintainedunderstrictcontrolusingstandardchainͲ ofͲcustodyproceduresthroughlaboratoryanalysis. 6.0 Quality Assurance / Quality Control Thefieldandlaboratoryprocedureslistedabovehavebeenimplementedonmanysites withexcellentresults.Theproceduresareoftenverifiedbyanappropriateuseofthe followingenvironmentalsamples. TripBlanks(orTravelblanks) TheTripBlank(ortravelblanks)areoftenusedtoverifythattheenvironmentalsamplesare notimpactedduringshipping,andverifythatthesourceoftheglasswareisnotthesource ofcontamination.ThetripblanksarepreserveddeͲionizedwater,collectedinthe laboratory,andshippedwiththesamplecontainerstoPyramidorthesite.Thetripblank remainsinthesamplecoolerandisshippedbacktothelaboratorywiththeenvironmental samples.Thetripblankismostcommonlyanalyzedforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs), andcorrespondtothetargetanalyses. StandardFieldProcedures:Revision10.6Page9 PyramidEnvironmental&Engineering,P.C.Revisiondate01Ͳ06Ͳ2020 FieldBlanks FieldBlanksarequalityassurancesampleswhicharecollectedinthefieldtorepresentthe conditionspresentatthetimethesamplesarecollected.Forwatersamples,thelaboratory containersareopenedandfilledinthefieldusingdeͲionized(ordistilled)waterfroma knownsource.Thesamplesreflectanysiteconditionssuchasvaporsourceswhichmay affectthewatersamples.Thesamplesthentraveltothelaboratorywiththeothersamples foranalysis.Comparisonofthefieldblankresultswiththesampleresultsmayindicatea pervasivesiteconstituentdetectedinthesamples. EquipmentBlanks EquipmentBlanksareusedtoverifywhetherthedecontaminationproceduresusedforthe sampleequipment(orthenewequipment)mayhaveaddedanycontaminantstothe sampleduringcollection.IfanonͲdisposablesamplingdeviceisused(suchasasampling treir,scoop,handauger,Teflonbailer,etc.…),thenthedecontaminationofthesampling deviceisusuallyverifiedusinganequipmentblank.Theequipmentblankiscollectedusing deͲionized(ordistilled)waterfromaknownsource.Theequipmentisdecontaminated, allowedtoairdry,thewaterispouredover(orthrough)theequipment,andasampleis collectedintheappropriatesamplecontainers.Theequipmentblanksamplesarepreserved withtheotherenvironmentalsamples,andshippedforanalysesforthetargetparameters. DuplicateSamples DuplicateSamplesareusedtoverifythesamplingproceduresandevaluatelaboratory analysisvariability.Theduplicatesamplesmaybecollectedfromsoil,sediment,air,surface water,wastes,orgroundwater.Thesesamplesarecollectedandsenttothelaboratoryas blindsamplestohavemaximumeffectiveness.Duplicatesamplesaregenerallyanalyzedfor thesameanalyticalmethodsastheactualenvironmentalsamplefordirectcomparison. Duplicatesamplesmayalsobesplitbetweentwodifferentlaboratoriestoprovide verificationoflaboratorydetectionlimitsorqualityprocessverification. BackgroundSamples BackgroundSamplesareatoolforcomparisonofgeneralsiteconditionswithsourcearea siteconditions.Backgroundsamplesmaybesoil,sediment,air,surfacewater,waste,or groundwater.Thegoalistoreflectconditionsoutsidetheexpectedareaofcontamination. Thesesamplesarecollectedoutsidetheexpectedareaofcontaminationandsenttothe laboratoryforanalyses.Backgroundsamplesaregenerallyanalyzedforthesameanalytical methodsasthesourceareaenvironmentalsamplesfordirectcomparison.Background samplesformetalscomparisonarecommontypesofbackgroundsamplesusedin environmentalinvestigations. AttachmentD Hydrocarbon Analysis ResultsClient:PYRAMID ENVIRONMENTALSamples takenWednesday, January 18, 2023Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUESamples extractedWednesday, January 18, 2023GREENSBORO NC 27406Samples analysedFriday, January 20, 2023Contact:BRIAN MAHANOperatorMAX MOYERProject:2023-02710F03640Matrix Sample IDDilution usedBTEX (C6 - C9)GRO (C5 - C10)DRO (C10 - C35)TPH (C5 - C35)Total Aromatics (C10-C35)16 EPA PAHsBaP HC Fingerprint Match% light % mid% heavys SS-1 23.2 <0.58 <0.58 0.58 0.58 0.31 <0.19 <0.023 0 66.3 33.7V.Deg.PHC 77.3%,(FCM),(P)s SS-2 12.5 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.06 <0.1 <0.013 0 0 0,(FCM),(BO)s SS-3 12.1 <0.3 <0.3 2.1 2.1 1.1 <0.1 <0.012 0 69.8 30.2V.Deg.PHC 97.3%,(FCM),(P)s SS-4 13.1 <0.33 <0.33 <0.33 <0.33 <0.07 <0.1 <0.013 0 0 0,(FCM)s SS-5 12.4 <0.31 <0.31 0.31 0.31 0.34 <0.1 <0.012 0 55.7 44.3V.Deg.PHC 71.6%,(FCM)sSS-6 14.6<0.36<0.36<0.36<0.36 <0.07<0.12<0.015000,(FCM),(BO)sSS-7 14.0<0.35<0.35<0.35<0.35 <0.07<0.11<0.014000,(FCM),(BO)s SS-8 12.7 <0.32 <0.32 <0.32 <0.32 <0.06 <0.1 <0.013 0 0 0,(FCM)s SS-9 12.5 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.06 <0.1 <0.013 0 100 0,(FCM)s SS-10 11.6 <0.29 <0.29 <0.29 <0.29 <0.06 <0.09 <0.012 0 0 0,(FCM)InitialCalibratorQCcheckOKFinalFCMQCCheckOK 98.5 %Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone contentFingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate presentRatios Hydrocarbon Analysis ResultsClient:PYRAMID ENVIRONMENTALSamples takenWednesday, January 18, 2023Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUESamples extractedWednesday, January 18, 2023GREENSBORO NC 27406Samples analysedFriday, January 20, 2023Contact:BRIAN MAHANOperatorMAX MOYERProject:2023-02718F03640Matrix Sample IDDilution usedBTEX (C6 - C9)GRO (C5 - C10)DRO (C10 - C35)TPH (C5 - C35)Total Aromatics (C10-C35)16 EPA PAHsBaP HC Fingerprint Match% light % mid% heavys SS-11 12.1 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.06 <0.1 <0.012 0 0 0,(FCM),(BO)s SS-12 11.3 <0.28 <0.28 0.36 0.36 0.16 <0.09 <0.011 0 70.2 29.8V.Deg.PHC 91.2%,(FCM)s SS-13 12.4 <0.31 <0.31 1.9 1.9 0.88 <0.1 <0.012 0 73.6 26.4Deg.PHC 84.7%,(FCM)s SS-14 11.7 <0.29 <0.29 0.68 0.68 0.29 <0.09 <0.012 0 69.1 30.9V.Deg.PHC 91.1%,(FCM)s DS-1 15.6 <0.39 <0.39 0.91 0.91 0.9 <0.12 <0.016 0 58.4 41.6V.Deg.PHC 71.5%,(FCM)s DS-2 2067.0 315.8 2750 4332 7082 1080 40.3 <2.1 97.9 2 0.1Deg.Diesel 91.2%,(FCM)s DS-3 2975.0 <74.4 1538 2721 4259 551.8 <23.8 <3 97.9 2.1 0Deg.Diesel 88.8%,(FCM)InitialCalibratorQCcheckOKFinalFCMQCCheckOK 99.3 %Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone contentFingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate presentRatios QEDHydrocarbonFingerprints Project: 2023Ͳ027 ################## QEDHydrocarbonFingerprints Project: 2023Ͳ027 ################## AttachmentE Y NYY N 13:30 1/17/22 Linwood Pine Glo Spill Near Exit 84 on I-85 South Davidson Linwood 27299 35.739756°-80.365408° On 1//17/2022, a box truck carrying Pine Glo Ocean Antibacterial & Disinfectant Cleaner lost control and wrecked On the side of I-85 south between exits 84 and 86. During the wreck approximately 50 gallons of diesel fuel and 400 gallons of Pine Glo were spilled. Shortly after the wreck Buck's Wrecker Service arrived on site and started to suck up the Pine Glo and put absorbent material down to contain the spill. None X Side of Road on I-85 in Commercial Area Google Earth X X Pine Glo Ocean Antibacterial & Disinfectant Cleaner X N/A No Water Supply Wells Were Affected N/A OTR Tractor Trailer N/A OTR Tractor Trailer NC DOT Brian Mahan Pyramid Environmental & Engineering Associate Project Manager 503 Industrial Ave., Greensboro, NC 27406 1/24/2023 (336) 335-3714 NBX Logistics, Inc. Jacksonville 9555 Armelle Way FL 32257-8897 (904) 860-8997 See Attached Map See Attached Map Hydrocarbon Analysis ResultsClient:PYRAMID ENVIRONMENTALSamples takenWednesday, January 18, 2023Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUESamples extractedWednesday, January 18, 2023GREENSBORO NC 27406Samples analysedFriday, January 20, 2023Contact:BRIAN MAHANOperatorMAX MOYERProject:2023-02710F03640Matrix Sample IDDilution usedBTEX (C6 - C9)GRO (C5 - C10)DRO (C10 - C35)TPH (C5 - C35)Total Aromatics (C10-C35)16 EPA PAHsBaP HC Fingerprint Match% light % mid% heavys SS-1 23.2 <0.58 <0.58 0.58 0.58 0.31 <0.19 <0.023 0 66.3 33.7V.Deg.PHC 77.3%,(FCM),(P)s SS-2 12.5 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.06 <0.1 <0.013 0 0 0,(FCM),(BO)s SS-3 12.1 <0.3 <0.3 2.1 2.1 1.1 <0.1 <0.012 0 69.8 30.2V.Deg.PHC 97.3%,(FCM),(P)s SS-4 13.1 <0.33 <0.33 <0.33 <0.33 <0.07 <0.1 <0.013 0 0 0,(FCM)s SS-5 12.4 <0.31 <0.31 0.31 0.31 0.34 <0.1 <0.012 0 55.7 44.3V.Deg.PHC 71.6%,(FCM)s SS-6 14.6 <0.36 <0.36 <0.36 <0.36 <0.07 <0.12 <0.015 0 0 0,(FCM),(BO)s SS-7 14.0 <0.35 <0.35 <0.35 <0.35 <0.07 <0.11 <0.014 0 0 0,(FCM),(BO)s SS-8 12.7 <0.32 <0.32 <0.32 <0.32 <0.06 <0.1 <0.013 0 0 0,(FCM)s SS-9 12.5 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.06 <0.1 <0.013 0 100 0,(FCM)s SS-10 11.6 <0.29 <0.29 <0.29 <0.29 <0.06 <0.09 <0.012 0 0 0,(FCM)InitialCalibratorQCcheckOKFinalFCMQCCheckOK 98.5 %Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone contentFingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate presentRatios Hydrocarbon Analysis ResultsClient:PYRAMID ENVIRONMENTALSamples takenWednesday, January 18, 2023Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUESamples extractedWednesday, January 18, 2023GREENSBORO NC 27406Samples analysedFriday, January 20, 2023Contact:BRIAN MAHANOperatorMAX MOYERProject:2023-02718F03640Matrix Sample IDDilution usedBTEX (C6 - C9)GRO (C5 - C10)DRO (C10 - C35)TPH (C5 - C35)Total Aromatics (C10-C35)16 EPA PAHsBaP HC Fingerprint Match% light % mid% heavys SS-11 12.1 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.06 <0.1 <0.012 0 0 0,(FCM),(BO)s SS-12 11.3 <0.28 <0.28 0.36 0.36 0.16 <0.09 <0.011 0 70.2 29.8V.Deg.PHC 91.2%,(FCM)s SS-13 12.4 <0.31 <0.31 1.9 1.9 0.88 <0.1 <0.012 0 73.6 26.4Deg.PHC 84.7%,(FCM)s SS-14 11.7 <0.29 <0.29 0.68 0.68 0.29 <0.09 <0.012 0 69.1 30.9V.Deg.PHC 91.1%,(FCM)s DS-1 15.6 <0.39 <0.39 0.91 0.91 0.9 <0.12 <0.016 0 58.4 41.6V.Deg.PHC 71.5%,(FCM)s DS-2 2067.0 315.8 2750 4332 7082 1080 40.3 <2.1 97.9 2 0.1Deg.Diesel 91.2%,(FCM)s DS-3 2975.0 <74.4 1538 2721 4259 551.8 <23.8 <3 97.9 2.1 0Deg.Diesel 88.8%,(FCM)InitialCalibratorQCcheckOKFinalFCMQCCheckOK 99.3 %Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone contentFingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate presentRatios QEDHydrocarbonFingerprints Project: 2023Ͳ027 ################## QEDHydrocarbonFingerprints Project: 2023Ͳ027 ################## AttachmentF