SW3220802_Soils/Geotechnical Report_20220816

SEASONAL HIGH-WATER TABLE DETERMINATION
3115 Haywood Road
Monroe, NC 28110
Prepared for:
Kevin E. Herring, PE
16101 Silver Road
Oakboro NC 28129
Prepared by:
Thompson
Environments
Consultin'
PO Box 541
Midland, NC 2810"'
April 16, 2022
L

INTRODUCTION AND SITE DESCRIPTION
Kevin Herring, PE is investigating the construction of a stormwater best management practice
(BMP) device to be located at 3115 Haywood Road, Monroe, NC 28110 (Union County Parcel:
07027023). The project study area is currently being used for agricultural production. No
jurisdictional features were observed within the project study area. A single sand filter (BMP) is
being considered to collect and treat runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces.
As part of the application process, a soils investigation detailing soil type and depth to seasonal
high-water table (SHWT) is required. Thompson Environmental Consulting, Inc. (TEC) has
been retained to perform the soils investigation.
INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY
Prior to the field investigation, the Union County Soil Survey was referenced to get an overview
of the possible soil series located within the project study area. A Cid soil series (Fine, mixed,
semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults) is mapped at the proposed BMP location. The Natural
Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Custom Soil Resource Report is attached to this report.
The soil and site evaluation were performed on April 13, 2022. A single soil boring was
advanced within the proposed BMP area using a hand -turned auger (Figure 1). Observations of
landscape (landscape position, slope, drainage patterns, past use, etc.) as well as soil properties
(depth, texture, structure, seasonal wetness, restrictive horizons, etc.) were recorded. Soil color
was determined with a Munsell Soil Color Chart.
FINDINGS
A soil series determination was made by comparing the soil boring description to the NRCS
Official Series Description and the results are listed in Table 1. Soil properties observed are best
classified as disturbed Cid at the proposed BMP area. A full profile description is attached as
well as a key to soil profile classifications.
The proposed BMP is located along a linear slope landscape position (615.5 elevation). A single
boring was advanced to 30 inches before encountering auger refusal (parent material) with no
evidence of a SHWT observed.
Table 1. Soil Series Determination and Depth to SHWT
Soil Boring #
Proposed BMP
Soil Series Determination
SHWT
S13-1
Sand Filter
Cid
>30 Inches
3115 Haywood Road - 2 - April 16, 2022

CONCLUSIONS
The findings presented herein represent TEC's professional opinion based upon our soil and site
evaluation. No evidence of a SHWT was observed above an elevation of 613 (30 inches below
the grounds surface).
This report has been prepared to assist in the application for a stormwater BMP by providing the
necessary soil information. Any concurrence with the findings of this report would be made by a
representative of the North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral, and Land Resources (DEMLR)
by the issuance of the appropriate permits.
3115 Haywood Road - 3 - April 16, 2022

FIGURE 1
Prepared For:
Kevin Herring, PE
SHWT DETERMINATION
3115 Haywood Road
Monroe, NC 28110
Union County
Scale:
0 100 200 ft
Date: TEC Job No.
April2022 22-96
Thompson
Environments
Consulting

SOIL EVALUATION FORM
Thompson Environmental Consulting
Post Office Box 541
Midland, NC 28107
704.301.4881
Job: 3115 Haywood Road
County: Union
Date: 04-13-22
Sheet: 1 of 1
ro
=
N
a
v =
N
a
Structure /
Texture
Consistence /
Mineralogy
Matrix Color
Mottle Colors
(Quantity, Size, Contrast, Color)
1
Bt1
0-20
sbk/sic
fr/ns/np/nexp
2.5Y 6/4
5.5YR 5/5 (8 inches)
Bt2
20-24
gr/sicl
vfi/s/p/exp
2.5Y 6/4
2.5Y 7/3
BC
24-30
m/sic
fi/s/p/sexp
2.5Y 6/6
*Auger Refusal at 30"
**No SHWT
Evaluated by: Larry Thompson, LSS

Key to Abbreviations for Soil Profile Descriptions

HORIZON AND LAYER DESIGNAT70NS
use capital letters to identify master horizons; e.g-, A, B.
Ilse suffixes [lowercase letters) to denote additional horizon
cha lacteristics or features; e.q., Ap, 804. (For more detailed criteria,
see the Soil Taxonomy" eeCi•on [p. 4-1]; for Complete definitions,
see "to Soil Taxonomy [Soil Survey Staff, 2010].) Label a
horizon [assign horizzet deslg nation] only after all morphology is
recgrded-
MASTER AND TRANSMONAL HORIZONS AND LAYERS
Identify the master horizons of the mil profile -
Horizon
Criteria
(expanded detal is listed in "Sail Taxonomy' section)
0
Organic sail materials (not limnlc).
A
Mineral; organ lC matter (humus) accumulation, toms
of Fe, Al, day.
AS
Of AE
Dominantly A horizon characterlstics but also
or RC
contains some B, E, or C horizon attributes.
AIB
or AI E
Discrete, interiminq led bodies of A and B, E, a C
or AI C
material; majority is A material -
E
Mi nenal; some loss of Fe, Al, clay, or organic matter.
FA
or EB
Dominantly E horizon characteristics but also
or EC
contains some A, B, r C horizon attrihu tes.
EIA
Discrete, intermingled bodies of E and A a B horizon
or EIB
material; majority W horixan is E material-
E and Bt
Thin, hear ier textured lamellae {Bt)within a
B and E
dominantly E horizon (or thin E within dominantly B
horizon).
BA
or BE
Dan inantly B characteristics but contains A, E, or C
or Sc
horizon attributes.
B/A
or B1 E
Discrete, intermingled bodies of B and A, E, or C
or Bic
material; majority
majori N horizon i5 8 material.
Su bsu Trace auumulation of clay, Fe, A], Si, humus,
B
Ca5O,; or loss of Ca CO ; or accumulation of
Zroxldes; or subswfacesa'1 structure.
CB
Dominantly C horizon characteristics but also
or CA
contains attributes of the B or A horizon.
CIS
Discrete, intermingled bodies of C and B or A
"CIA
material; majority of horizon is C material.
C
Little or no pedogenic alteration, unconsolidated
earthy material, soft bedmcL
L
L]mnic soil materials.
A layer of liquid water (W) or permanently Frozen
w
water (Wf] within or beneath the sail (excludes
wateirlice above soil).
M
Root -limiting subsoil layers of human -manufactured
materlals-
R
Bedrock, strongly cemenbed to indurated -
HORIZON SUFFIXES -Historically referred to as "Horizon
Subscripts," "Subordinate Distincdans," "Haizon_DesignatiaL
Suffix" in HASIS, and as "Suffix Symbols" in sail taxonomy 1.
(Historical designations and conversions are shown in the "SaH
Tixonom y" section. )
Horizon
Suffix
Cribaris r
(expanded details listed in "Sal Taxonomy" section)
Is
Highly decomposed organic matter (used only with. O)
as
[proposed] Accu mu latton of anhydrite (--5S0 )
E
[tuned genetH horizon (not used with C horizons)
c
Concretions a nodules
co
Copragenous earth (used a* with Ll
d
Denshc layer (physically root restrictive;
di
Diatomaceous earth (used only with L)
a
Moderately decomposed organic matter (used only
with O)l
IF
Permanently Frozen soil or Ice IWmaFlosq;
continuous itlbsu rfaoe Ice; oat Seasonal ice
ff
Permanently Frozen soil ("OrY' permafrost); no
continuous ice; not seasonal ice
9
Strong gley
h
Illuvial organic matter accumulation
I
slightly decarnpdsad organic matter (used only with o)
l
3hrosite accumulation
JJ
Evidenre of eryoturbation
k
Pedoge is Coco accumulation ([So%by vol.)
kk
Major pedogen is Cam accumulation (a50%by col.)
m
continuans cameo tation(pedagenic)
me
L Mad (used only with L)
n
Fedogenic, exchangeable sod lum accumu lotion
o
Residual sesqu loxlde accumulation (m ogenic)
P
Plow layer or other artificial dlsturbanoe
q
5xonda ry (pedogenic) sl lrca a tmnulat on
r
Weathered or soft bedrock
e
Illuv[aI sesquloxlde and organic matter bou m u latlon
•e
Provence of sulfides (in mineral or organic horizons)
It
Illuvial accumu anon of silicate day
a
Presence of human -manufactured materials (artifacts)
Rinthite
Weak odor or strt tore within B (used only with B)
Fragipan characteristics
If
Au umu lanon of gypsum
yy
Dominance of q yprum(- a 50%by vat.)
a
pedogenic accumulation of salt more soluble than
gypsum
SWL TEXTURE
$NI MW,e is the tom kal propo,%m (weight percentage)
of the sand, sAt, and clay separates in the fine -earth (maim
(c2 men). Soil texture k Mild.9ti—ad by hid or lab m¢esured
by hydr-never or pq a and placed within [he texaral [re ogle to
ottan Texeire Cien.
a vl me Texture Ckai; e.g., A—; -S-W ass; e.g-, Roe
seedy loam; -choose a Term in Lien of Texture; e.q� gravel- If
acpaPnf4e, uste Taxtece Clew "edifier; e.g., gravel' kom-
NOTE: Sall Texture neWdes only the fine -earth fraction ts2 mml-
-Wholo-wil PertCle-sine Dimibutor' i-c'Ww the n�emth
fraruen ]sz men, tot %) and coarse fragmerds ]�2 men). (rare
For fragments A76 mm in diameter, visually estimate the volume
percent, which is then converted to a weight basis using the
estimated particle density [pd] and hulk density [B,j.)
TE)n'URE CLASS —
Texture Class or
subclass
Code
Canv.
HASIS
Coarse Sand
cos
COS
Sand
s
Fine Sand
fs
FS
Very Fine Sand
vfs
VFS
Loamy Coarse Sand
loos
LCOS
Loamy Sand
Is
LS
Loamy Fine Sand
Ifs
LFS
Loamy Vary Fine Sand
105
WFS
Coarse Sandy Loam
Cos,
COSL
Sandy Loam
sl
SL
Fine Sa ndy Loam
Fsl
FSL
Very Fine Sandy Loam
vfA
VF5L
Loam
I
L
Sot Loam
so
SIL
Silt
si
SI
Sandy Clay Loam
scl
SCL
Clay Loam
d
CL
silty Clay Loam
Sid
SICL
Sandy clay
sc
SC
Silty Clay
SIC
SIC
Clay
c
C
(Soil) Textural Triangle:
Fine Earen le... C... (—)
90 -
ap
- -
dP
ea
so
"11
diy - ,$
�nv[qa.n A.
xndr dxy Iwm
m
team
aft rn
to . xandr Irr.m
-
-nd ,-d
. . . ails
-4— send write, na —
TEXTURE MOOLFIERS—Conventions For using •mock Fragm ent
Texture Mod ihers' and for using textu cal adjectives that convey the
-%volume- ranges for Rack Fragments - Quantity and Size.
Frog
Rock Fragment Mod lfier Usage
conwnt
Yol, %
e15
N9 texture clau modifier (non on y; e.g., loam).
IS to c35
use fragmentize adjective with haxture class;
e.g., gm"W foam.
35 to C60
Use'—rV' with fragment•sis adjective with
texture class; e.g., very gra,Nl loam.
60 to s90
Use'extcamety" with fragment-5ia , adjectrue with
texture class; eg., erua—fy grave fy loam.
a9O
No adjective or mod iher. If &10% One earth, use
the appropriate fragment -size class name for the
dominan t size class; A.9. gravel. Lse Terms Used
In Lim of Teztu to (see table on 1.. 2-43).

CONSISTENCE
Consistence is the degree and kind or cohesion and adhesion that
soil exhibits and/or the resistance or soil to deformation or rupture
under an applied stress. Soil -water state strongly influences
consistence. Field evaluations of consistence include: Rupture
Resistance (Blocks, Peds, and Clods; or Surface Crusts and
Plates), Manner of Failure (Brittleness, Fluidity, Smeariness),
stickiness, Plasticity and Penetration Resistance. Historically,
consistence applied 0 dry, mast, or wet soil as observed in the
Reld. wet consistence evaluated stickiness and plasticity. Rupture
Resistance now applies to dry soils and to soils in a water state
from moist through wet. Stickiness and Plastic fty of sod are
Independent evaluations -
RUPTURE RESISTANCE —A measure of the strength of soil to
withstand an applied stress. Separate estimates of Rupture
Resistance are made for Blocks/Pads/Clods and for Surface
Crusts and Piston of soil. Block -shaped specimens should be
approximately 2.8 cm across. If 2.8-cm cubes (e.g-, - 2-5.3.1 cm,
or 1 inch) are not obtainable, use the following equation and the
table below to Calculate the stress at fai l Lire' ([2-8 cmfcube length
cm)> x estimated stress (N) at failure]]; e.g., for a S.6-cm cube
({2, SIS-6.F X 20 NJ = 5 M a Soft Class. Rate -shaped specimens
(surface crusts or platy structure) should be approximately
1.0-1,5 cm long by 0.5 cm thick (or the thickness of occu hence, if
<0.5 cm thick).
RUPTURE RESISTANCE FOR:
Blocks, Pads, and Clods —Estimate the class by the Force required
to rupture (break) a soil unit. Select the column for the appropriate
soil water state (dry vs. motet) and/or the Cementation column, if
applicable.
Dry I
Moist I
Cementation 2
specimen
Class
Code'
Class
Code
Class
Cede
Falls Under
Loose
L
Loose
L
fHot ApplicaWeJ
rzMa t specimen
d(lo)
m(lo)
a tabtarna5fcf
SoR
S
Very
VFR
Non-
HC
Very slight tome
Friable
ce mantad
between fingers.
d(sci)
m[vfr)
[6 N
Slightly
SH
Friable
FR
Extremely
EW
Hard
wMldy
slight force
Cemented
batwcvn Hngvrs.
6 to s20N
d[sh]
m(fr)
M.d.
M"
Firm
FI
Very
Vw
Hard
Weakly
Moderato farce
Cemented
between fingers.
20 to 440 N
d(h)
m(N)
Hard
HA
Very
VFI
WeWy
w
Strong force
Hrm
cemented
between Fingers.
d(uh)
-(vF)
a(y)
40 to �60 N
Very
VH
Ex1r.
EF
Moderately
hl
Madera[. farce
Hard
Firm
Cemarted
b- hands.
d(uh)
-left]
60 to �169 n
E Rtr.
EN
Slightly
5R
strongly
5T
foot pressure by
Hard
Rgld
Cemented
full body weight.
d(eh)
-left]
c(s)
160 to r60o N
Rigid
R.
Rigid
R
very
Vs
strongly
.row 0 [3 1 but
Cemented
not body weight.
600 N to [3 J
d(eh)
m[efi]
Very
VR
Very
VR
induraled
I
alow of 2:31
Rigid
Rlgld
[3 ] = 2 k9
wekjhtdmpped
d(eh)
m(ell)
I
c(I)
I 15 cm]
STICKINESS The capacity or soll to adhere W other pb)ects.
Stickiness Is estimh led at the motstu ra odntenL th at dlsp lays the
greatest adherence when pressed between thumb and forefinger.
stickiness
code
Criteria: work moistened soil
Cpm+,
NASIS
ss Cla
between thumb and forefinger
Nonsticky
(w) so
SO
Little or no sod adheres to Fingers
after release of pressure.
Slightly
Soll adheres to both fingers after
Sticky
(w) ss
SS
release of pressure. Soil stretches
little on separation or fingers,
Moderately
Soil adheresto both Rngemafter
SIICky '
(w) s
MS
release of pressure. Soil stretches
some dr separation of fingers.
Sall adheres firmly to both hngers
very Sticky
(w) vs
Vs
after release of pms.5a ra. Soil
Stretches greatly upon separation
OF Angers.
I Histori tally, the n ic�ieratety Sticky class was site ply called Sticky
PLAsTKITY - The degree to which "puddled• or reworked sad
can be perManenLly deformed wlLho HL rupturing. The evaluation is
made by forming a roll (wire] of soil at a mater content where the
maxirnun, plasticity ins expressed.
Plasticity
code
Criteria: make a roll of soil
Class
4 cm long
Spry.
HASIS
Will not form a roll 6 mm In
Norlplastic
(w) po
PO
diameter, or iF a roll is farmed, It
can't support aselr If held on end.
511gliLly
(w) ps
SP
h min diameter roll supports itself;
pla5Lls
4 mm diameter roll does not.
ModeraLefy
4 min sel diameter roll supports 1Lr;
Plasllc'
(w) P
MP
2 mn+ diameter roll does not.
Very
(w) VP
VP
2 Prim dfamelkr roll supports its
Plastic
weight.
■
2mm 4mm 5mm 4cm
SOIL COLOR
DECISION FLOWCHART FOR DESCRIBING SOIL COLORS —Use
the follrnvi ng chart to decide how and with which data elements the
color patterns of a soil or soil Feature should be described.
Matrix Color
list in sequence,
dominant first
Color
Is the color yes or
a matrix color? Mixed/
Intermingled
No i.e., discrele, mixed,
w transitional hvrizvns,
s > as A/A
Other
Colors Mottle
(nvnmatrix cvlws) No
Is the color associated with bthodrromic color;
a otiatl5tain, film, e.g., IOYR 8/I
gtbbsn% gray shales
yes
Nan-
redoximorphir
Is
Feature
forme
Pby0xida>ioA_No
anCvncentra€fon
or pod
pand
Void Surface
Fe,7Vjm,, a-g-,
Carbonate mass,
clay film, and organic
Redoximorphic Feature
(RMF)
Conceneralipn, depletion, Or
reduced matrix Cofer
NOTE: Reduced matrix color is described
as a matrix Color and in
the associated "(Soil Color) -Location or Condition Described ldble"
(SOIL) MATRIX COLOR —Record the Cc to r(s), Moisture State,
and Location or Condition.
(Soil) Matrix Color - (Soil) Color —Identify the soil matrix
color(s) with Munsell($ notation (Hue, Value, Chrome); e.g.,
I OYR 3/2. For neutral colors, ch roma is zero but not shown;
e.g., N 4/. For other gley colors, use appropriate notation (see
M unselW gley pages; e.g., 5G16/I ). For narrative descriptions
(soil survey reports, Official Soil Series Descriptions), both the
verbal name and the Munsell® notation are given; e.g., dark
brown, IDYR W3.

Reference:
Schoeneberger, P.J., D.A. Wysocki, E.C. Benham, and Soil Survey Staff. 2012. Field book for
describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.

USDA United States
Department of
Agriculture
N RCS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Union County,
North Carolina
3115 Haywood Road, Monroe, NC
28110
April 17, 2022

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nres/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https:Hoffices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................
2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
SoilMap..................................................................................................................
8
SoilMap................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
MapUnit Legend................................................................................................
11
MapUnit Descriptions.........................................................................................11
Union County, North Carolina.........................................................................
13
CmB—Cid channery silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes..................................13
ScA—Secrest-Cid complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes......................................14
TbB2—Tarrus gravelly silty clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,
moderately eroded................................................................................16
References............................................................................................................18

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil

Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil -landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Custom Soil Resource Report
KD Soil Map
KD
KD
535830 535980 535930 535980 536030 536080 536130 536180 536230 536280
35° 3' 45" N RI I - I I 35° 3' 45" N
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350 3' 35" N � '� r' l I �' 350 3' 35" N
535830 535980 535930 535980 536030 536080 536130 536180 536230 536280
KD
KD Map Scale: 1:2,250 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. M
Meters $
$ N 0 30 60 120 180
A0 100 200 400 E00
Map projection: Web Mercator Gomer000rdinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
9

MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
0
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
0
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special
Point Features
Iwo
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
�i
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
A.
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
G '
Sodic Spot
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP INFORMATION
Spoil Area
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Wet Spot
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
Other
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
�-
Special Line Features
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
Water Features
scale.
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
E F
Rails
measurements.
. 0
Interstate Highways
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
US Routes
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Major Roads
Local Roads
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
Background
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Aerial Photography
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Union County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 22, Jan 21, 2022
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Oct 28, 2018—Oct
30, 2018
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
10

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
CmB
Cid channery silt loam, 1 to 5
percent slopes
8.4
46.5%
ScA
Secrest-Cid complex, 0 to 3
percent slopes
0.5
2.7%
TbB2
Tarrus gravelly silty clay loam, 2
to 8 percent slopes,
moderately eroded
9.2
50.9%
Totals for Area of Interest
18.1
100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
11

Custom Soil Resource Report
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
Union County, North Carolina
CmB—Cid channery silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3wOq
Elevation: 200 to 650 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Cid and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Cid
Setting
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from metavolcanics and/or residuum
weathered from argillite
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loam
Bt - 9 to 22 inches: silty clay loam
BC - 22 to 27 inches: channery silty clay
Cr - 27 to 32 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 32 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 12 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
13

Custom Soil Resource Report
ScA—Secrest-Cid complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol. 3wl b
Elevation: 200 to 650 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Secrest and similar soils: 65 percent
Cid and similar soils: 20 percent
Minor components: 2 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Secrest
Setting
Landform: I me rfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from argillite and/or residuum weathered
from metavolcanics
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: silt loam
BA - 8 toll inches: silt loam
Bt - 11 to 43 inches: silty clay loam
BCt - 43 to 54 inches: silty clay
Cr - 54 to 62 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 62 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock; 60 to 80 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 12 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
14

Custom Soil Resource Report
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Cid
Setting
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from argillite and/or residuum weathered
from metavolcanics
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loam
Bt - 9 to 22 inches: silty clay loam
BC - 22 to 27 inches: channery silty clay
Cr - 27 to 32 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 32 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 12 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Wehadkee, undrained
Percent of map unit. 2 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
15

Custom Soil Resource Report
TbB2—Tarrus gravelly silty clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mx8q
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Tarrus, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Tarrus, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from schist and/or other metamorphic rock
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches: gravelly silty clay loam
Bt - 6 to 45 inches: silty clay
Cr - 45 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
it.

Custom Soil Resource Report
17

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
n res/d eta i I/n ati o n a I/s o i Is/?cid = n res 142 p2_0 54262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/
detail/national/landuse/rangepastu re/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
n res/d eta i I/so i Is/scie ntists/?cid=n res 142 p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid = n res 142 p2_05 3624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:H
www.nrcs.usda.gov/lnternet/FSE—DOCUMENTS/nrcsl 42p2_052290. pdf
19