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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSW3220301_Soils/Geotechnical Report_20220420SEASONAL HIGH-WATER TABLE DETERMINATION 3622 W. Highway 74 Marshville, NC 28103 Prepared for: Kevin E. Herring, PE 16101 Silver Road Oakboro NC 28129 Prepared by: Thompson Environmenta Consulting PO Box 541 Midland, NC 28107 Sot[ S December 9, 2021141— -� k��,y����`�iy T2A, INTRODUCTION AND SITE DESCRIPTION Kevin Herring, PE is investigating the construction of a stormwater best management practice (BMP) device to be located at 3622 W. Highway 74, Marshville, NC 28103 (Union County Parcel: 09054040). The project study area is currently vegetated with a tall fescue and mixed deciduous trees. A single sand filter (BMP) is being considered to collect and treat runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. As part of the application process, a soils investigation detailing soil type and depth to seasonal high-water table (SHWT) is required. Thompson Environmental Consulting, Inc. (TEC) has been retained to perform the soils investigation. INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY Prior to the field investigation, the Union County Soil Survey was referenced to get an overview of the possible soil series located within the project study area. A Badin-Urban soil series (Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults) is mapped at the proposed BMP location. The Natural Resource Conservation Service (MRCS) Custom Soil Resource Report is attached to this report. The soil and site evaluation were performed on November 30, 2021. A single soil boring was advanced within the proposed BMP area using a hand -turned auger (Figure 1). Observations of landscape (landscape position, slope, drainage patterns, past use, etc.) as well as soil properties (depth, texture, structure, seasonal wetness, restrictive horizons, etc.) were recorded. Soil color was determined with a Munsell Soil Color Chart. FINDINGS A soil series determination was made by comparing the soil boring description to the NRCS Official Series Description and the results are listed in Table 1. Soil properties observed are best classified as disturbed Badin at the proposed BMP area. A full profile description is attached as well as a key to soil profile classifications. The proposed BMP is located along a linear slope landscape position (557 elevation). A single boring was advanced to 42 inches before encountering auger refusal (parent material) with no evidence of a SHWT observed. Tnhh- 1 _ Rail CPr1PC M-tPrminntian and M-nth to CAWT Soil Boring # Proposed BMP Soil Series Determination SHWT SB-I Sand Filter Badin >42 Inches 3622 W. Highway 74 - 2 - December 9, 2021 CONCLUSIONS The findings presented herein represent TEC's professional opinion based upon our soil and site evaluation. No evidence of a SHWT was observed above an elevation of 553.5 (42 inches below the grounds surface). This report has been prepared to assist in the application for a stormwater BMP by providing the necessary soil information. Any concurrence with the findings of this report would be made by a representative of the North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral, and Land Resources (DEMLR) by the issuance of the appropriate permits. 3622 W. Highway 74 - 3 - December 9, 2021 1 1;4LV�{'�p '- s f' -090E C 09054 03 4A A' END 3IS 2-ft Contour Lines Union County GIS Parcel Lines Project Study Area SHWT Boring Location Date: Thompson Seasonal High -Water Table Determination December 2021 Figure Environment.., Prepared For: Scale: Gansub 3622 W. Highway 74 0 30 60 ft /� Kevin Herring, PE Marshville, NC 28103 I Union County TEC Job #: 21-290 SOIL EVALUATION FORM Thompson Environmental Consulting Post Office Box 541 Midland, NC 28107 704.301.4881 Job: 3622 W. Highway 74 County: Union Date: 11-30-21 Sheet: 1 of 1 � o a v _ a Structure/ Texture Consistence/ Mineralogy Matrix Color Mottle Colors (Quantity, Size, Contrast, Color) 1 Ap 0-3 g/sil fr/ns/np/nexp 7.5YR 5/4 BA 3-10 gr/sid fr/ss/sp/sexp 7.5YR 5/6 Bt 10-42 sbk/sid fi/ss/sp/sexp 7.5YR 5/8 *Auger Refusal at 42" **No SHWT Evaluated by: Larry Thompson, LSS Key to Abbreviations for Soil Profile Descriptions HORIZON AND LAYER DESIGNAT70NS use capital letters to identify master horizons; e.g-, A, B. Ilse suffixes [lowercase letters) to denote additional horizon cha lacteristics or features; e.q., Ap, 804. (For more detailed criteria, see the Soil Taxonomy" eeCi•on [p. 4-1]; for Complete definitions, see "to Soil Taxonomy [Soil Survey Staff, 2010].) Label a horizon [assign horizzet deslg nation] only after all morphology is recgrded- MASTER AND TRANSMONAL HORIZONS AND LAYERS Identify the master horizons of the mil profile - Horizon Criteria (expanded detal is listed in "Sail Taxonomy' section) 0 Organic sail materials (not limnlc). A Mineral; organ lC matter (humus) accumulation, toms of Fe, Al, day. AS Of AE Dominantly A horizon characterlstics but also or RC contains some B, E, or C horizon attributes. AIB or AI E Discrete, interiminq led bodies of A and B, E, a C or AI C material; majority is A material - E Mi nenal; some loss of Fe, Al, clay, or organic matter. FA or EB Dominantly E horizon characteristics but also or EC contains some A, B, r C horizon attrihu tes. EIA Discrete, intermingled bodies of E and A a B horizon or EIB material; majority W horixan is E material- E and Bt Thin, hear ier textured lamellae {Bt)within a B and E dominantly E horizon (or thin E within dominantly B horizon). BA or BE Dan inantly B characteristics but contains A, E, or C or Sc horizon attributes. B/A or B1 E Discrete, intermingled bodies of B and A, E, or C or Bic material; majority majori N horizon i5 8 material. Su bsu Trace auumulation of clay, Fe, A], Si, humus, B Ca5O,; or loss of Ca CO ; or accumulation of Zroxldes; or subswfacesa'1 structure. CB Dominantly C horizon characteristics but also or CA contains attributes of the B or A horizon. CIS Discrete, intermingled bodies of C and B or A "CIA material; majority of horizon is C material. C Little or no pedogenic alteration, unconsolidated earthy material, soft bedmcL L L]mnic soil materials. A layer of liquid water (W) or permanently Frozen w water (Wf] within or beneath the sail (excludes wateirlice above soil). M Root -limiting subsoil layers of human -manufactured materlals- R Bedrock, strongly cemenbed to indurated - HORIZON SUFFIXES -Historically referred to as "Horizon Subscripts," "Subordinate Distincdans," "Haizon_DesignatiaL Suffix" in HASIS, and as "Suffix Symbols" in sail taxonomy 1. (Historical designations and conversions are shown in the "SaH Tixonom y" section. ) Horizon Suffix Cribaris r (expanded details listed in "Sal Taxonomy" section) Is Highly decomposed organic matter (used only with. O) as [proposed] Accu mu latton of anhydrite (--5S0 ) E [tuned genetH horizon (not used with C horizons) c Concretions a nodules co Copragenous earth (used a* with Ll d Denshc layer (physically root restrictive; di Diatomaceous earth (used only with L) a Moderately decomposed organic matter (used only with O)l IF Permanently Frozen soil or Ice IWmaFlosq; continuous itlbsu rfaoe Ice; oat Seasonal ice ff Permanently Frozen soil ("OrY' permafrost); no continuous ice; not seasonal ice 9 Strong gley h Illuvial organic matter accumulation I slightly decarnpdsad organic matter (used only with o) l 3hrosite accumulation JJ Evidenre of eryoturbation k Pedoge is Coco accumulation ([So%by vol.) kk Major pedogen is Cam accumulation (a50%by col.) m continuans cameo tation(pedagenic) me L Mad (used only with L) n Fedogenic, exchangeable sod lum accumu lotion o Residual sesqu loxlde accumulation (m ogenic) P Plow layer or other artificial dlsturbanoe q 5xonda ry (pedogenic) sl lrca a tmnulat on r Weathered or soft bedrock e Illuv[aI sesquloxlde and organic matter bou m u latlon •e Provence of sulfides (in mineral or organic horizons) It Illuvial accumu anon of silicate day a Presence of human -manufactured materials (artifacts) Rinthite Weak odor or strt tore within B (used only with B) Fragipan characteristics If Au umu lanon of gypsum yy Dominance of q yprum(- a 50%by vat.) a pedogenic accumulation of salt more soluble than gypsum SWL TEXTURE $NI MW,e is the tom kal propo,%m (weight percentage) of the sand, sAt, and clay separates in the fine -earth (maim (c2 men). Soil texture k Mild.9ti—ad by hid or lab m¢esured by hydr-never or pq a and placed within [he texaral [re ogle to ottan Texeire Cien. a vl me Texture Ckai; e.g., A—; -S-W ass; e.g-, Roe seedy loam; -choose a Term in Lien of Texture; e.q� gravel- If acpaPnf4e, uste Taxtece Clew "edifier; e.g., gravel' kom- NOTE: Sall Texture neWdes only the fine -earth fraction ts2 mml- -Wholo-wil PertCle-sine Dimibutor' i-c'Ww the n�emth fraruen ]sz men, tot %) and coarse fragmerds ]�2 men). (rare For fragments A76 mm in diameter, visually estimate the volume percent, which is then converted to a weight basis using the estimated particle density [pd] and hulk density [B,j.) TE)n'URE CLASS — Texture Class or subclass Code Canv. HASIS Coarse Sand cos COS Sand s Fine Sand fs FS Very Fine Sand vfs VFS Loamy Coarse Sand loos LCOS Loamy Sand Is LS Loamy Fine Sand Ifs LFS Loamy Vary Fine Sand 105 WFS Coarse Sandy Loam Cos, COSL Sandy Loam sl SL Fine Sa ndy Loam Fsl FSL Very Fine Sandy Loam vfA VF5L Loam I L Sot Loam so SIL Silt si SI Sandy Clay Loam scl SCL Clay Loam d CL silty Clay Loam Sid SICL Sandy clay sc SC Silty Clay SIC SIC Clay c C (Soil) Textural Triangle: Fine Earen le... C... (—) 90 - ap - - dP ea so "11 diy - ,$ �nv[qa.n A. xndr dxy Iwm m team aft rn to . xandr Irr.m - -nd ,-d . . . ails -4— send write, na — TEXTURE MOOLFIERS—Conventions For using •mock Fragm ent Texture Mod ihers' and for using textu cal adjectives that convey the -%volume- ranges for Rack Fragments - Quantity and Size. Frog Rock Fragment Mod lfier Usage conwnt Yol, % e15 N9 texture clau modifier (non on y; e.g., loam). IS to c35 use fragmentize adjective with haxture class; e.g., gm"W foam. 35 to C60 Use'—rV' with fragment•sis adjective with texture class; e.g., very gra,Nl loam. 60 to s90 Use'extcamety" with fragment-5ia , adjectrue with texture class; eg., erua—fy grave fy loam. a9O No adjective or mod iher. If &10% One earth, use the appropriate fragment -size class name for the dominan t size class; A.9. gravel. Lse Terms Used In Lim of Teztu to (see table on 1.. 2-43). CONSISTENCE Consistence is the degree and kind or cohesion and adhesion that soil exhibits and/or the resistance or soil to deformation or rupture under an applied stress. Soil -water state strongly influences consistence. Field evaluations of consistence include: Rupture Resistance (Blocks, Peds, and Clods; or Surface Crusts and Plates), Manner of Failure (Brittleness, Fluidity, Smeariness), stickiness, Plasticity and Penetration Resistance. Historically, consistence applied 0 dry, mast, or wet soil as observed in the Reld. wet consistence evaluated stickiness and plasticity. Rupture Resistance now applies to dry soils and to soils in a water state from moist through wet. Stickiness and Plastic fty of sod are Independent evaluations - RUPTURE RESISTANCE —A measure of the strength of soil to withstand an applied stress. Separate estimates of Rupture Resistance are made for Blocks/Pads/Clods and for Surface Crusts and Piston of soil. Block -shaped specimens should be approximately 2.8 cm across. If 2.8-cm cubes (e.g-, - 2-5.3.1 cm, or 1 inch) are not obtainable, use the following equation and the table below to Calculate the stress at fai l Lire' ([2-8 cmfcube length cm)> x estimated stress (N) at failure]]; e.g., for a S.6-cm cube ({2, SIS-6.F X 20 NJ = 5 M a Soft Class. Rate -shaped specimens (surface crusts or platy structure) should be approximately 1.0-1,5 cm long by 0.5 cm thick (or the thickness of occu hence, if <0.5 cm thick). RUPTURE RESISTANCE FOR: Blocks, Pads, and Clods —Estimate the class by the Force required to rupture (break) a soil unit. Select the column for the appropriate soil water state (dry vs. motet) and/or the Cementation column, if applicable. Dry I Moist I Cementation 2 specimen Class Code' Class Code Class Cede Falls Under Loose L Loose L fHot ApplicaWeJ rzMa t specimen d(lo) m(lo) a tabtarna5fcf SoR S Very VFR Non- HC Very slight tome Friable ce mantad between fingers. d(sci) m[vfr) [6 N Slightly SH Friable FR Extremely EW Hard wMldy slight force Cemented batwcvn Hngvrs. 6 to s20N d[sh] m(fr) M.d. M" Firm FI Very Vw Hard Weakly Moderato farce Cemented between fingers. 20 to 440 N d(h) m(N) Hard HA Very VFI WeWy w Strong force Hrm cemented between Fingers. d(uh) -(vF) a(y) 40 to �60 N Very VH Ex1r. EF Moderately hl Madera[. farce Hard Firm Cemarted b- hands. d(uh) -left] 60 to �169 n E Rtr. EN Slightly 5R strongly 5T foot pressure by Hard Rgld Cemented full body weight. d(eh) -left] c(s) 160 to r60o N Rigid R. Rigid R very Vs strongly .row 0 [3 1 but Cemented not body weight. 600 N to [3 J d(eh) m[efi] Very VR Very VR induraled I alow of 2:31 Rigid Rlgld [3 ] = 2 k9 wekjhtdmpped d(eh) m(ell) I c(I) I 15 cm] STICKINESS The capacity or soll to adhere W other pb)ects. Stickiness Is estimh led at the motstu ra odntenL th at dlsp lays the greatest adherence when pressed between thumb and forefinger. stickiness code Criteria: work moistened soil Cpm+, NASIS ss Cla between thumb and forefinger Nonsticky (w) so SO Little or no sod adheres to Fingers after release of pressure. Slightly Soll adheres to both fingers after Sticky (w) ss SS release of pressure. Soil stretches little on separation or fingers, Moderately Soil adheresto both Rngemafter SIICky ' (w) s MS release of pressure. Soil stretches some dr separation of fingers. Sall adheres firmly to both hngers very Sticky (w) vs Vs after release of pms.5a ra. Soil Stretches greatly upon separation OF Angers. I Histori tally, the n ic�ieratety Sticky class was site ply called Sticky PLAsTKITY - The degree to which "puddled• or reworked sad can be perManenLly deformed wlLho HL rupturing. The evaluation is made by forming a roll (wire] of soil at a mater content where the maxirnun, plasticity ins expressed. Plasticity code Criteria: make a roll of soil Class 4 cm long Spry. HASIS Will not form a roll 6 mm In Norlplastic (w) po PO diameter, or iF a roll is farmed, It can't support aselr If held on end. 511gliLly (w) ps SP h min diameter roll supports itself; pla5Lls 4 mm diameter roll does not. ModeraLefy 4 min sel diameter roll supports 1Lr; Plasllc' (w) P MP 2 mn+ diameter roll does not. Very (w) VP VP 2 Prim dfamelkr roll supports its Plastic weight. ■ 2mm 4mm 5mm 4cm SOIL COLOR DECISION FLOWCHART FOR DESCRIBING SOIL COLORS —Use the follrnvi ng chart to decide how and with which data elements the color patterns of a soil or soil Feature should be described. Matrix Color list in sequence, dominant first Color Is the color yes or a matrix color? Mixed/ Intermingled No i.e., discrele, mixed, w transitional hvrizvns, s > as A/A Other Colors Mottle (nvnmatrix cvlws) No Is the color associated with bthodrromic color; a otiatl5tain, film, e.g., IOYR 8/I gtbbsn% gray shales yes Nan- redoximorphir Is Feature forme Pby0xida>ioA_No anCvncentra€fon or pod pand Void Surface Fe,7Vjm,, a-g-, Carbonate mass, clay film, and organic Redoximorphic Feature (RMF) Conceneralipn, depletion, Or reduced matrix Cofer NOTE: Reduced matrix color is described as a matrix Color and in the associated "(Soil Color) -Location or Condition Described ldble" (SOIL) MATRIX COLOR —Record the Cc to r(s), Moisture State, and Location or Condition. (Soil) Matrix Color - (Soil) Color —Identify the soil matrix color(s) with Munsell($ notation (Hue, Value, Chrome); e.g., I OYR 3/2. For neutral colors, ch roma is zero but not shown; e.g., N 4/. For other gley colors, use appropriate notation (see M unselW gley pages; e.g., 5G16/I ). For narrative descriptions (soil survey reports, Official Soil Series Descriptions), both the verbal name and the Munsell® notation are given; e.g., dark brown, IDYR W3. Reference: Schoeneberger, P.J., D.A. Wysocki, E.C. Benham, and Soil Survey Staff. 2012. Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. USDA United States Department of Agriculture N RCS Natural Resources Conservation Service A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Union County, North Carolina 3622 W. Highway 74 Marshville, NC 28103 December 9, 2021 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nres/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https:Hoffices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nres142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Contents Preface.................................................................................................................... 2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 SoilMap.................................................................................................................. 8 SoilMap................................................................................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 MapUnit Legend................................................................................................ 11 MapUnit Descriptions.........................................................................................11 Union County, North Carolina......................................................................... 13 BuB—Badin-Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ............................ 13 References............................................................................................................15 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil Custom Soil Resource Report scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil -landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 549480 34° 58' 56" N n �i n �i n �i n �i n �i n �i i� n �i 34° 58' 51" N 549480 549500 549520 549540 549560 Map Scale: 1:843 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet. Meters $ N 0 10 20 40 EO A Feet 0 0 40 � 1E0 240 Map projection: Web Mercator Comer000rdinates: WGS84 Edge tics: lffM Zone 17N WGS84 9 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map 5495M 549520 549540 5495M 549600 Q, 34° 58' 56" N N n �i n �i n �i n �i n �i n �i n �i i� n �i 34° 58' 51" N 549600 MAP LEGEND Area of Interest (AOI) 0 Area of Interest (AOI) Soils 0 Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Iwo Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit �i Gravelly Spot Landfill A. Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip G ' Sodic Spot Custom Soil Resource Report MAP INFORMATION Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Wet Spot Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause Other misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil �- Special Line Features line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed Water Features scale. Streams and Canals Transportation Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map E F Rails measurements. . 0 Interstate Highways Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service US Routes Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Major Roads Local Roads Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts Background distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Aerial Photography Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Union County, North Carolina Survey Area Data: Version 21, Sep 15, 2021 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jul 18, 2011—Oct 30, 2018 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. 10 Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI BuB Badin-Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes 2.1 100.0% Totals for Area of Interest 2.1 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. 11 Custom Soil Resource Report An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 12 Custom Soil Resource Report Union County, North Carolina BuB—Badin-Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 3wOk Elevation: 200 to 650 feet Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Badin and similar soils: 60 percent Urban land: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Badin Setting Landform: I me rfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down -slope shape: Convex Across -slope shape: Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from metavolcanics and/or argillite Typical profile Ap - 0 to 6 inches: channery silt loam Bt - 6 to 35 inches: silty clay Cr - 35 to 43 inches: weathered bedrock R - 43 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 40 to 80 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 6.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Description of Urban Land Setting Landform: Imerfluves 13 Custom Soil Resource Report Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down -slope shape: Convex Across -slope shape: Convex Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydric soil rating: No 14 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/ n res/d eta i I/n ati o n a I/s o i Is/?cid = n res 142 p2_0 54262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nres142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/ detail/national/landuse/rangepastu re/?cid=stelprdb1043084 15 Custom Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/ n res/d eta i I/so i Is/scie ntists/?cid=n res 142 p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/? cid = n res 142 p2_05 3624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:H www.nrcs.usda.gov/lnternet/FSE—DOCUMENTS/nrcsl 42p2_052290. pdf it.